2024 Arizona Senate election
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All 30 seats of the Arizona Senate 16 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Map of the incumbents: Republican incumbent Republican incumbent retiring or lost renomination Democratic incumbent Democratic incumbent retiring | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections in Arizona |
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The 2024 Arizona Senate election will be held on November 5, 2024. Voters will elect members of the Arizona Senate in all 30 of the state's legislative districts to serve a two-year term. Primary elections are scheduled for July 30, 2024.[1]
Prior to the elections, the Republican Party held a narrow majority over the Democratic Party, controlling 16 seats to their 14 seats.
Background
[edit]Partisan Background
[edit]In the 2020 presidential election, Joe Biden and Donald Trump each won 15 of Arizona's 30 Legislative Districts. Senate District 13, centered around the city of Chandler, which Biden won by 3% in 2020, is the only district Biden won in 2020 which is currently held by a Republican going into the 2024 Arizona Senate Election.
Background
[edit]Arizona, located along the United States border with Mexico, has a unique political history. Upon its admission to the Union in 1912, the state was dominated by Democrats who had migrated there from the South, and aside from the landslide victories of Republicans Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover, the state voted for Democrats until 1952, when Dwight Eisenhower carried it, and began a lengthy streak of Republican victories interrupted only by Bill Clinton's narrow victory in 1996. Since then, Arizona was considered a Republican stronghold, but has become a critical swing state and is seen as a purple state. Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump won Arizona by 3.5% in 2016,[2] while Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden prevailed by 0.3% in 2020.[3]
The Arizona Democratic Party has not won outright control of either state legislative chamber since the 1990s. The last time the party won control of both chambers was in the 1960s.[4] Since then, the state's trend towards Democrats and a consolidated effort on flipping control of the legislature has made this election seen as a tossup with both parties having an equal chance to win control of one or both chambers.
Campaign
[edit]This election is expected to be one of the most competitive state legislative races in the 2024 election cycle. Most ratings suggest the race to be a toss-up or having Democrats as the slight favorite to win the chamber. Additionally, the state Democratic Party's fundraising advantage is also expected to play a major role in which party wins control of the chamber.[4] If Democrats win both chambers, it will be the first time that Democrats have had a trifecta in the state since 1966.[5]
Predictions
[edit]Statewide
[edit]Source | Ranking | As of |
---|---|---|
270toWin[6] | Tilt D (flip) | November 1, 2024 |
CNalysis[7] | Tilt D (flip) | October 31, 2024 |
Sabato's Crystal Ball[8] | Tossup | June 18, 2024 |
Competitive districts
[edit]District | Incumbent | Last Result[9] | CNalysis[10] November 2024 |
---|---|---|---|
2nd | Shawnna Bolick[a] | 51.84% R | Tilt D (flip) |
4th | Christine Marsh | 50.48% D | Tilt D |
9th | Eva Burch | 52.47% D | Likely D |
13th | J. D. Mesnard | 51.73% R | Lean R |
16th | T. J. Shope | 55.71% R | Very Likely R |
17th | Justine Wadsack | 51.24% R | Tilt D (flip) |
Overview
[edit]Party | Candidates | Votes | Seats | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | Before | After | +/– | ||||||||
Republican | 25 | 16 | ||||||||||
Democratic | 26 | 14 | ||||||||||
Green | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||
Independent | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||
Total | 30 |
Retiring incumbents
[edit]Republicans
[edit]- District 25: Sine Kerr is term-limited.[12]
- District 27: Anthony Kern is running for United States House of Representatives.[13]
- District 30: Sonny Borrelli is term-limited.
Democrats
[edit]- District 8: Juan Mendez is term-limited and running for the Arizona House of Representatives.
- District 24: Anna Hernandez is running for the Phoenix City Council.[14]
Incumbents defeated
[edit]In primaries
[edit]Republicans
[edit]- District 1: Ken Bennett lost renomination to Mark Finchem.[15]
- District 17: Justine Wadsack lost renomination to Vince Leach.[15]
Summary of results by district
[edit]† - Incumbent not seeking re-election
- ^ a b Republican Shawnna Bolick was appointed to the Senate to fill the seat after Steve Kaiser resigned.[11]
- ^ Democrat Flavio Bravo was appointed to the Senate to fill the seat after Raquel Terán resigned.[17]
Results
[edit]District 1 • District 2 • District 3 • District 4 • District 5 • District 6 • District 7 • District 8 • District 9 • District 10 • District 11 • District 12 • District 13 • District 14 • District 15 • District 16 • District 17 • District 18 • District 19 • District 20 • District 21 • District 22 • District 23 • District 24 • District 25 • District 26 • District 27 • District 28 • District 29 • District 30 |
District 1
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Mark Finchem | 26,660 | 48.39% | |
Republican | Ken Bennett (incumbent) | 18,356 | 33.32% | |
Republican | Steve Zipperman | 10,081 | 18.30% | |
Total votes | 55,097 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Mike S. Fogel | 17,334 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 17,334 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Mark Finchem | |||
Democratic | Mike S. Fogel | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 2
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Shawnna Bolick (incumbent) | 10,469 | 53.72% | |
Republican | Josh Barnett | 9,018 | 46.28% | |
Total votes | 19,487 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Judy Schwiebert | 14,351 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 14,351 | 100.00% | ||
Green Party Primary Results | ||||
Green | Dennis Pugsley | 10 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 10 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Shawnna Bolick (incumbent) | |||
Green | Dennis Pugsley | |||
Democratic | Judy Schwiebert | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 3
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | John Kavanagh (incumbent) | 43,471 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 43,471 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | John Skirbst[a][b] | 219 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 219 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | John Kavanagh (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 4
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Christine Marsh (incumbent) | 23,558 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 23,558 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Carine Werner | 18,651 | 61.10% | |
Republican | Kenneth R. Bowers, Jr. | 11,874 | 38.90% | |
Total votes | 30,525 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Christine Marsh (incumbent) | |||
Republican | Carine Werner | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 5
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Lela Alston (incumbent) | 23,236 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 23,236 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Joshua Ortega | 9,092 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 9,092 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Lela Alston (incumbent) | |||
Republican | Joshua Ortega | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 6
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Theresa Hatathlie (incumbent) | 25,254 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 25,254 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Theresa Hatathlie (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 7
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican primary | ||||
Republican | Wendy Rogers (incumbent) | 21,978 | 55.33% | |
Republican | David Cook | 17,743 | 44.67% | |
Total votes | 39,721 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic primary | ||||
Democratic | Haley Creighton | 8,004 | 54.23% | |
Democratic | Roberto Apodaca Reveles | 6,755 | 45.77% | |
Total votes | 14,759 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Haley Creighton | |||
Republican | Wendy Rogers (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 8
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Lauren Kuby[19] | 14,762 | 99.91% | |
Democratic | Ivan Pemberton[a] | 13 | 0.09% | |
Total votes | 14,775 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Roxana Holzapfel | 9,366 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 9,366 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Roxana Holzapfel | |||
Democratic | Lauren Kuby | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 9
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Eva Burch (incumbent) | 11,033 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 11,033 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Robert Scantlebury | 9,778 | 64.73% | |
Republican | Christopher Stapley | 5,327 | 35.27% | |
Total votes | 15,105 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Eva Burch (incumbent) | |||
Republican | Robert Scantlebury | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 10
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | David Christian Farnsworth (incumbent) | 27,134 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 27,134 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Robert Doyle | 13,400 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 13,400 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Doyle | |||
Republican | David Christian Farnsworth (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 11
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Catherine Miranda (incumbent) | 14,626 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 14,626 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Joshua Ayala | 4,564 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 4,564 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Joshua Ayala | |||
Democratic | Catherine Miranda (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 12
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Denise "Mitzi" Epstein (incumbent) | 20,221 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 20,221 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Cara Vicini | 17,187 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 17,187 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Denise "Mitzi" Epstein (incumbent) | |||
Republican | Cara Vicini | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 13
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | J.D. Mesnard (incumbent) | 22,669 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 22,669 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Sharon Lee Winters | 15,619 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 15,619 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | J.D. Mesnard (incumbent) | |||
Democratic | Sharon Lee Winters | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 14
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Warren Petersen (incumbent) | 26,019 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 26,019 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Elizabeth Brown | 12,112 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 12,112 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Elizabeth Brown | |||
Republican | Warren Petersen (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 15
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Jake Hoffman (incumbent) | 30,095 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 30,095 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Alan Smith | 11,008 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 11,008 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Jake Hoffman (incumbent) | |||
Independent | Evan Olson | |||
Democratic | Alan Smith | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 16
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Thomas "T.J." Shope Jr. (incumbent) | 19,630 | 99.87% | |
Republican | Judy Nganga[a] | 26 | 0.13% | |
Total votes | 19,656 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Stacey Seaman | 14,235 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 14,235 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Stacey Seaman | |||
Republican | Thomas "T.J." Shope Jr. (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 17
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Venden "Vince" Leach | 19,363 | 52.66% | |
Republican | Justine Wadsack (incumbent) | 17,409 | 47.34% | |
Total votes | 36,772 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | John McLean | 26,428 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 26,428 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Venden "Vince" Leach | |||
Democratic | John McLean | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 18
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Priya Sundareshan (incumbent) | 29,643 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 29,643 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Priya Sundareshan (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 19
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | David Gowan (incumbent) | 30,350 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 30,350 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Bob Karp | 16,873 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 16,873 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | David Gowan (incumbent) | |||
Democratic | Bob Karp | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 20
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Sally Ann Gonzales (incumbent) | 20,253 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 20,253 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Sally Ann Gonzales (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 21
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Rosanna Gabaldón (incumbent) | 18,562 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 18,562 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Rosanna Gabaldón (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 22
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Eva Diaz (incumbent) | 7,826 | 76.19% | |
Democratic | Leezah Sun | 2,446 | 23.81% | |
Total votes | 10,272 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Steve Robinson | 5,243 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 5,243 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Eva Diaz (incumbent) | |||
Republican | Steve Robinson | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 23
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Brian Fernandez (incumbent) | 6,943 | 60.35% | |
Democratic | Jesus Arnulfo Lugo Jr. | 4,562 | 39.65% | |
Total votes | 11,505 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Michelle Altherr | 9,657 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 9,657 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Michelle Altherr | |||
Democratic | Brian Fernandez (incumbent) | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 24
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Analise Ortiz | 8,539 | 86.67% | |
Democratic | Mario Garcia | 1,313 | 13.33% | |
Total votes | 9,852 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Analise Ortiz | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 25
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Timothy "Tim" Dunn | 25,578 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 25,578 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Timothy "Tim" Dunn | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 26
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Flavio Bravo (incumbent) | 8,526 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 8,526 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Victor "Vic" Harris | 4,285 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 4,285 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Flavio Bravo (incumbent) | |||
Republican | Victor "Vic" Harris | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 27
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Kevin Payne | 20,673 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 20,673 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Kevin Payne | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 28
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Frank Carroll (incumbent) | 40,105 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 40,105 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Frank Carroll (incumbent) | |||
Democratic | Shauna Dempsey[a] | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 29
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Janae Shamp (incumbent) | 25,306 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 25,306 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | Eric Stafford | 13,498 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 13,498 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Janae Shamp (incumbent) | |||
Democratic | Eric Stafford | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
District 30
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican Party Primary Results | ||||
Republican | Hildy Angius | 19,874 | 51.63% | |
Republican | Ashley Gerich | 10,663 | 27.70% | |
Republican | Kimberly Zanon | 7,956 | 20.67% | |
Total votes | 38,493 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic Party Primary Results | ||||
Democratic | J'aime MorgAine | 7,926 | 100.00% | |
Total votes | 7,926 | 100.00% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Hildy Angius | |||
Democratic | J'aime MorgAine | |||
Total votes | 100% | |||
hold |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Arizona's new election dates: Here's what you need to know". KPNX. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
- ^ "2016 Presidential General Election Results - Arizona".
- ^ "Arizona certifies President-elect Biden's victory over President Trump". WBAL. November 30, 2020.
- ^ a b "Arizona could become the blueprint for Democrats looking to build state power". Politico. August 5, 2024.
- ^ "Arizona state elections 2024: Legislative majority at risk for Republicans". Politico. May 28, 2024.
- ^ "State Legislature Interactive Map: State House - 270toWin". 270toWin.com. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
- ^ "24 AZ Forecast". projects.cnalysis.com. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
- ^ Jacobson, Louis (June 18, 2024). "2024's Battleground State Legislative Chambers". Retrieved July 16, 2024.
- ^ "2022-2023 Election Data". cnalysis. February 29, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ "24 AZ Forecast". projects.cnalysis.com. Retrieved August 13, 2024.
- ^ "New Republican senator bashes Freedom Caucus". Arizona Capitol Times. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
- ^ Schutsky, Wayne (April 5, 2024). "These prominent Arizona Republican lawmakers aren't seeking reelection". KJZZ. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
- ^ Sanchez, Camryn (October 31, 2023). "West Valley lawmakers Kern and Toma enter CD8 race". KJZZ. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
- ^ Sanchez, Camryn (January 30, 2024). "Arizona state senator leaving 'gridlocked' Legislature to run for Phoenix City Council". KJZZ. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
- ^ a b Roberts, Laurie (August 1, 2024). "Farewell, Senator Speedy. Justine Wadsack loses to Vince Leach". Arizona Republic. Retrieved August 4, 2024.
- ^ "Dave's Redistricting". Retrieved July 16, 2024.
- ^ "Arizona Rep. Bravo chosen to fill Raquel Terán's Senate seat". The Associated Press. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ "2024 Write-In and Withdrawn Candidates" (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
- ^ Duda, Jeremy (May 13, 2024). "Democrats sidestep write-in campaign by nominating state Senate candidate". Axios. Retrieved May 26, 2024.