Jump to content

Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.8489
Magnitude1.0332
Maximum eclipse
Duration151 s (2 min 31 s)
Coordinates49°36′S 156°30′W / 49.6°S 156.5°W / -49.6; -156.5
Max. width of band211 km (131 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse20:51:52
References
Saros123 (46 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9247

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 8, 1885, with a magnitude of 1.0332. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.3 days after perigee (on September 6, 1885, at 14:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day New Zealand and Antarctica. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Oceania, Antarctica, and southern South America.

Observations

[edit]

Eclipse details

[edit]

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]

September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1885 September 08 at 18:35:56.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1885 September 08 at 19:54:54.3 UTC
First Central Line 1885 September 08 at 19:56:11.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1885 September 08 at 19:57:30.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1885 September 08 at 20:43:07.3 UTC
Greatest Duration 1885 September 08 at 20:50:23.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1885 September 08 at 20:51:51.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1885 September 08 at 21:19:51.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1885 September 08 at 21:45:54.9 UTC
Last Central Line 1885 September 08 at 21:47:11.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1885 September 08 at 21:48:27.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1885 September 08 at 23:07:38.7 UTC
September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.03319
Eclipse Obscuration 1.06749
Gamma −0.84889
Sun Right Ascension 11h09m38.6s
Sun Declination +05°24'05.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'53.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 11h08m38.3s
Moon Declination +04°35'47.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'16.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'43.9"
ΔT -5.8 s

Eclipse season

[edit]

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of September 1885
September 8
Ascending node (new moon)
September 24
Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 123
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 135
[edit]

Eclipses in 1885

[edit]

Metonic

[edit]

Tzolkinex

[edit]

Half-Saros

[edit]

Tritos

[edit]

Solar Saros 123

[edit]

Inex

[edit]

Triad

[edit]

Solar eclipses of 1884–1888

[edit]

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]

The partial solar eclipses on April 25, 1884 and October 19, 1884 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 9, 1888 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1884 to 1888
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
108 March 27, 1884

Partial
1.4602 113
118 March 16, 1885

Annular
0.8030 123 September 8, 1885

Total
−0.8489
128 March 5, 1886

Annular
0.0970 133 August 29, 1886

Total
−0.1059
138 February 22, 1887

Annular
−0.6040 143 August 19, 1887

Total
0.6312
148 February 11, 1888

Partial
−1.2684 153 August 7, 1888

Partial
−1.2797

Saros 123

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 123, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 29, 1074. It contains annular eclipses from July 2, 1182 through April 19, 1651; hybrid eclipses from April 30, 1669 through May 22, 1705; and total eclipses from June 3, 1723 through October 23, 1957. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on May 31, 2318. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 19 at 8 minutes, 7 seconds on November 9, 1398, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 42 at 3 minutes, 27 seconds on July 27, 1813. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[4]

Series members 42–63 occur between 1801 and 2200:
42 43 44

July 27, 1813

August 7, 1831

August 18, 1849
45 46 47

August 29, 1867

September 8, 1885

September 21, 1903
48 49 50

October 1, 1921

October 12, 1939

October 23, 1957
51 52 53

November 3, 1975

November 13, 1993

November 25, 2011
54 55 56

December 5, 2029

December 16, 2047

December 27, 2065
57 58 59

January 7, 2084

January 19, 2102

January 30, 2120
60 61 62

February 9, 2138

February 21, 2156

March 3, 2174
63

March 13, 2192

Metonic series

[edit]

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946
February 1–3 November 21–22 September 8–10 June 28–29 April 16–18
109 111 113 115 117

February 3, 1859

November 21, 1862

June 28, 1870

April 16, 1874
119 121 123 125 127

February 2, 1878

November 21, 1881

September 8, 1885

June 28, 1889

April 16, 1893
129 131 133 135 137

February 1, 1897

November 22, 1900

September 9, 1904

June 28, 1908

April 17, 1912
139 141 143 145 147

February 3, 1916

November 22, 1919

September 10, 1923

June 29, 1927

April 18, 1931
149 151 153 155

February 3, 1935

November 21, 1938

September 10, 1942

June 29, 1946

Tritos series

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)

March 14, 1820
(Saros 117)

February 12, 1831
(Saros 118)

January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)

December 11, 1852
(Saros 120)

November 11, 1863
(Saros 121)

October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)

September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)

August 9, 1896
(Saros 124)

July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)

June 8, 1918
(Saros 126)

May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)

April 7, 1940
(Saros 128)

March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)

February 5, 1962
(Saros 130)

January 4, 1973
(Saros 131)

December 4, 1983
(Saros 132)

November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)

October 3, 2005
(Saros 134)

September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)

August 2, 2027
(Saros 136)

July 2, 2038
(Saros 137)

May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)

April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)

March 31, 2071
(Saros 140)

February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)

January 27, 2093
(Saros 142)

December 29, 2103
(Saros 143)

November 27, 2114
(Saros 144)

October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)

September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)

August 26, 2147
(Saros 147)

July 25, 2158
(Saros 148)

June 25, 2169
(Saros 149)

May 24, 2180
(Saros 150)

April 23, 2191
(Saros 151)

Inex series

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

October 20, 1827
(Saros 121)

September 29, 1856
(Saros 122)

September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)

August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)

August 1, 1943
(Saros 125)

July 10, 1972
(Saros 126)

June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)

June 1, 2030
(Saros 128)

May 11, 2059
(Saros 129)

April 21, 2088
(Saros 130)

April 2, 2117
(Saros 131)

March 12, 2146
(Saros 132)

February 21, 2175
(Saros 133)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1885 Sep 08". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  3. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  4. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.