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Solar eclipse of December 13, 1974

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Solar eclipse of December 13, 1974
Map
Type of eclipse
NaturePartial
Gamma1.0797
Magnitude0.8266
Maximum eclipse
Coordinates66°48′N 69°24′W / 66.8°N 69.4°W / 66.8; -69.4
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse16:13:13
References
Saros151 (12 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)9453

A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, December 13, 1974,[1] with a magnitude of 0.8266. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, the Caribbean, extreme northern South America, and the Iberian Peninsula.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]

December 13, 1974 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1974 December 13 at 14:03:46.5 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1974 December 13 at 16:13:13.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1974 December 13 at 16:17:20.5 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1974 December 13 at 16:25:30.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1974 December 13 at 18:22:43.5 UTC
December 13, 1974 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.82664
Eclipse Obscuration 0.76006
Gamma 1.07974
Sun Right Ascension 17h22m00.7s
Sun Declination -23°09'15.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'14.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 17h21m52.0s
Moon Declination -22°09'07.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'13.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°55'51.8"
ΔT 45.4 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of November–December 1974
November 29
Descending node (full moon)
December 13
Ascending node (new moon)
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 125
Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 151
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Eclipses in 1974

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 151

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1971–1974

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[3]

The partial solar eclipses on February 25, 1971 and August 20, 1971 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1971 to 1974
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
116 July 22, 1971

Partial
1.513 121 January 16, 1972

Annular
−0.9365
126 July 10, 1972

Total
0.6872 131 January 4, 1973

Annular
−0.2644
136 June 30, 1973

Total
−0.0785 141 December 24, 1973

Annular
0.4171
146 June 20, 1974

Total
−0.8239 151 December 13, 1974

Partial
1.0797

Saros 151

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 151, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 14, 1776. It contains annular eclipses from February 28, 2101 through April 23, 2191; a hybrid eclipse on May 5, 2209; and total eclipses from May 16, 2227 through July 6, 2912. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on October 1, 3056. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 19 at 2 minutes, 44 seconds on February 28, 2101, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 60 at 5 minutes, 41 seconds on May 22, 2840. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[4]

Series members 3–24 occur between 1801 and 2200:
3 4 5

September 5, 1812

September 17, 1830

September 27, 1848
6 7 8

October 8, 1866

October 19, 1884

October 31, 1902
9 10 11

November 10, 1920

November 21, 1938

December 2, 1956
12 13 14

December 13, 1974

December 24, 1992

January 4, 2011
15 16 17

January 14, 2029

January 26, 2047

February 5, 2065
18 19 20

February 16, 2083

February 28, 2101

March 11, 2119
21 22 23

March 21, 2137

April 2, 2155

April 12, 2173
24

April 23, 2191

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 13, 1898 and July 20, 1982
December 13–14 October 1–2 July 20–21 May 9 February 24–25
111 113 115 117 119

December 13, 1898

July 21, 1906

May 9, 1910

February 25, 1914
121 123 125 127 129

December 14, 1917

October 1, 1921

July 20, 1925

May 9, 1929

February 24, 1933
131 133 135 137 139

December 13, 1936

October 1, 1940

July 20, 1944

May 9, 1948

February 25, 1952
141 143 145 147 149

December 14, 1955

October 2, 1959

July 20, 1963

May 9, 1967

February 25, 1971
151 153 155

December 13, 1974

October 2, 1978

July 20, 1982

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipse on November 4, 2116 (part of Saros 164) is also a part of this series but is not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2029

March 24, 1811
(Saros 136)

February 21, 1822
(Saros 137)

January 20, 1833
(Saros 138)

December 21, 1843
(Saros 139)

November 20, 1854
(Saros 140)

October 19, 1865
(Saros 141)

September 17, 1876
(Saros 142)

August 19, 1887
(Saros 143)

July 18, 1898
(Saros 144)

June 17, 1909
(Saros 145)

May 18, 1920
(Saros 146)

April 18, 1931
(Saros 147)

March 16, 1942
(Saros 148)

February 14, 1953
(Saros 149)

January 14, 1964
(Saros 150)

December 13, 1974
(Saros 151)

November 12, 1985
(Saros 152)

October 12, 1996
(Saros 153)

September 11, 2007
(Saros 154)

August 11, 2018
(Saros 155)

July 11, 2029
(Saros 156)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 13, 1801
(Saros 145)

March 24, 1830
(Saros 146)

March 4, 1859
(Saros 147)

February 11, 1888
(Saros 148)

January 23, 1917
(Saros 149)

January 3, 1946
(Saros 150)

December 13, 1974
(Saros 151)

November 23, 2003
(Saros 152)

November 3, 2032
(Saros 153)

October 13, 2061
(Saros 154)

September 23, 2090
(Saros 155)

September 5, 2119
(Saros 156)

August 14, 2148
(Saros 157)

July 25, 2177
(Saros 158)

References

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  1. ^ "December 13, 1974 Partial Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Partial Solar Eclipse of 1974 Dec 13". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  3. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  4. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 151". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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