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Solar eclipse of October 14, 2023

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Solar eclipse of October 14, 2023
Annular Solar Eclipse as viewed within 170 meters (560 feet) of the eclipse centerline and within 1 second of maximum eclipse (Hobbs, New Mexico, USA).
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma0.3753
Magnitude0.952
Maximum eclipse
Duration317 s (5 min 17 s)
Coordinates11°24′N 83°06′W / 11.4°N 83.1°W / 11.4; -83.1
Max. width of band187 km (116 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse18:00:41
References
Saros134 (44 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9560

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Saturday, October 14, 2023,[1][2][3][4][5][6] with a magnitude of 0.952. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.6 days after apogee (on October 10, 2023, at 4:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[7]

Annularity was visible from parts of Oregon, California, Nevada, extreme southwestern Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States, the Yucatán Peninsula, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, eastern coastal Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Brazil. A partial eclipse was visible for most of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.

Visibility

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Animated map of the eclipse's path across North America and South America

United States

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The path of the eclipse crossed the United States beginning in Oregon, entering at Dunes City, and passing over Newport, Crater Lake National Park, Eugene (passing over University of Oregon), and Medford.[8] After passing over the northeast corner of California (in Modoc National Forest), it traveled through Nevada (passing over Black Rock Desert, Winnemucca and Elko) and Utah (passing over Canyonlands National Park, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, and Bluff).[8] After that, it covered the northeast corner of Arizona (including Kayenta) and the southwest corner of Colorado (including Cortez and the Ute Mountain Reservation).[8] In New Mexico, it passed over Farmington, Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Roswell, Hobbs, and Carlsbad.[8] Afterwards, it entered Texas, passing over Midland, Odessa, San Angelo, Kerrville, San Antonio and Corpus Christi before entering the Gulf of Mexico.[8] This was the second annular eclipse visible from Albuquerque in 11 years, where it crossed the path of the May 2012 eclipse. It also coincided with the last day of the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta.

A total solar eclipse crossed the United States in April 2024 (12 states) (Saros 139, Ascending Node), and a future solar eclipse will cross in August 2045 (10 states) (Saros 136, Descending Node). An annular solar eclipse will occur in June 2048 (9 states) (Saros 128, Descending Node).

Mexico

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In Mexico, the eclipse path passed over the Yucatán Peninsula, covering San Francisco de Campeche in Campeche, Oxkutzcab in Yucatán (coming close to Mérida), and Chetumal in Quintana Roo.[8]

Western Caribbean

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In Western Cuba, Cayman Islands, and Jamaica all saw a partial eclipse (50% and above). The greatest of the partial eclipse was seen over Western Cuba and the Cayman Islands.

Central America

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In Belize, the eclipse passed over Belmopan and Belize City before leaving land again; when it entered in Honduras, it passed over La Ceiba and Catacamas, and in Nicaragua it passed over Bluefields.[8] The point of greatest eclipse occurred near the coast of Nicaragua.[8] After that, in Costa Rica it passed over Limon, and in Panama it passed over Santiago and came close to Panama City. Its point of greatest duration occurred just off the coast of Nata, Panama.[8]

South America

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In South America, the eclipse entered Colombia from the Pacific Ocean and passed over Pereira, Armenia, Cali, Ibagué and Neiva.[8] In Brazil, it passed over the states of Amazonas (covering Fonte Boa, Tefé and Coari), Pará (covering Parauapebas and Xinguara), Tocantins (Araguaína) Maranhão (Balsas), Piauí (Picos), Ceará (Juazeiro do Norte), Pernambuco (Araripina), Paraíba (João Pessoa) and Rio Grande do Norte (Natal) before ending in the Atlantic Ocean.[8]

Galleries

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Videos and sequences

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Annularity

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Partiality

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Projections

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Citizen science

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During the annular and total eclipses of 2023 and 2024, the GLOBE Program (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) through the GLOBE Observer app will seek to collect information on air temperature, clouds, and wind. During the 2017 eclipse, citizen scientists contributed with over 80,000 observations of air temperature and 20,000 cloud observations.[9][10]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[11]

October 14, 2023 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2023 October 14 at 15:04:58.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2023 October 14 at 16:11:19.0 UTC
First Central Line 2023 October 14 at 16:13:35.5 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2023 October 14 at 16:15:52.5 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2023 October 14 at 17:35:49.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2023 October 14 at 17:37:48.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2023 October 14 at 17:56:18.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2023 October 14 at 18:00:40.6 UTC
Greatest Duration 2023 October 14 at 18:14:20.8 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2023 October 14 at 18:26:05.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2023 October 14 at 19:45:45.0 UTC
Last Central Line 2023 October 14 at 19:47:59.2 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2023 October 14 at 19:50:13.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2023 October 14 at 20:56:26.7 UTC
October 14, 2023 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.95204
Eclipse Obscuration 0.90638
Gamma 0.37534
Sun Right Ascension 13h18m05.4s
Sun Declination -08°14'36.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'02.0"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 13h18m44.3s
Moon Declination -07°56'18.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'02.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°55'13.8"
ΔT 71.3 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October 2023
October 14
Descending node (new moon)
 October 28
Ascending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 134		 Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 146
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Eclipses in 2023

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 134

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2022–2025

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[12]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2022 to 2025
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
119

Partial in CTIO, Chile 		April 30, 2022

Partial 		−1.19008 124

Partial from Saratov, Russia 		October 25, 2022

Partial 		1.07014
129

Partial in Magetan, Indonesia 		April 20, 2023

Hybrid 		−0.39515 134

Annularity in Hobbs, NM, USA 		October 14, 2023

Annular 		0.37534
139

Totality in Dallas, TX, USA 		April 8, 2024

Total 		0.34314 144

Annularity in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina 		October 2, 2024

Annular 		−0.35087
149 March 29, 2025

Partial 		1.04053 154 September 21, 2025

Partial 		−1.06509

Saros 134

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 22, 1248. It contains total eclipses from October 9, 1428 through December 24, 1554; hybrid eclipses from January 3, 1573 through June 27, 1843; and annular eclipses from July 8, 1861 through May 21, 2384. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on August 6, 2510. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 1 minutes, 30 seconds on October 9, 1428, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 52 at 10 minutes, 55 seconds on January 10, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[13]

Series members 32–53 occur between 1801 and 2200:
32 33 34

June 6, 1807
June 16, 1825
June 27, 1843
35 36 37

July 8, 1861
July 19, 1879
July 29, 1897
38 39 40

August 10, 1915
August 21, 1933
September 1, 1951
41 42 43

September 11, 1969
September 23, 1987
October 3, 2005
44 45 46

October 14, 2023
October 25, 2041
November 5, 2059
47 48 49

November 15, 2077
November 27, 2095
December 8, 2113
50 51 52

December 19, 2131
December 30, 2149
January 10, 2168
53

January 20, 2186

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between May 21, 1993 and May 20, 2069
May 20–21 March 9 December 25–26 October 13–14 August 1–2
118 120 122 124 126

May 21, 1993
March 9, 1997
December 25, 2000
October 14, 2004
August 1, 2008
128 130 132 134 136

May 20, 2012
March 9, 2016
December 26, 2019
October 14, 2023
August 2, 2027
138 140 142 144 146

May 21, 2031
March 9, 2035
December 26, 2038
October 14, 2042
August 2, 2046
148 150 152 154 156

May 20, 2050
March 9, 2054
December 26, 2057
October 13, 2061
August 2, 2065
158

May 20, 2069

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

June 26, 1805
(Saros 114)
May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)
April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)
March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)
February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)

January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)
December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)
November 21, 1881
(Saros 121)
October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)
September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)

August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)
July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)
April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)

March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)
February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)
January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)
December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)
November 13, 2012
(Saros 133)

October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)
September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)
August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)
July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)
June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)

May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)
April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)
March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)
February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)
January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)

December 7, 2132
(Saros 144)
November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)
September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)
August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)

July 6, 2187
(Saros 149)
June 4, 2198
(Saros 150)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 4, 1821
(Saros 127)
February 12, 1850
(Saros 128)
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)

January 3, 1908
(Saros 130)
December 13, 1936
(Saros 131)
November 23, 1965
(Saros 132)

November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)
October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)
September 22, 2052
(Saros 135)

September 3, 2081
(Saros 136)
August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)
July 25, 2139
(Saros 138)

July 5, 2168
(Saros 139)
June 15, 2197
(Saros 140)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "October 14, 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  2. ^ Wall, Mike (October 18, 2023). "NASA astronaut snaps photo of solar eclipse from the space station". Space.com.
  3. ^ Bowman, Emma (October 14, 2023). "Scenes from the rare 'ring of fire' eclipse". NPR.
  4. ^ "A Solar Eclipse Leaves Its Mark Across a Hemisphere". The New York Times. October 14, 2023.
  5. ^ "PHOTOS: Rare 'ring of fire' eclipse moves across the Americas, stretching from Oregon to Brazil". PBS NewsHour. October 14, 2023.
  6. ^ "Satellite image captures moon's shadow over U.S. during solar eclipse - CBS News". CBS News. October 18, 2023.
  7. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "NASA - Annular Solar Eclipse of 2023 Oct 14". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  9. ^ "GLOBE Observer Eclipse". GLOBE Program Eclipse.
  10. ^ "Taking observations with Globe Observer Eclipse app". Globe Observer Taking observations with the Eclipse app.
  11. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2023 Oct 14". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  12. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  13. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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