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Solar eclipse of March 20, 2034

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Solar eclipse of March 20, 2034
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.2894
Magnitude1.0458
Maximum eclipse
Duration249 s (4 min 9 s)
Coordinates16°06′N 22°12′E / 16.1°N 22.2°E / 16.1; 22.2
Max. width of band159 km (99 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse10:18:45
References
Saros130 (53 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000)9583

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, March 20, 2034,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0458. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.3 days before perigee (on March 21, 2034, at 18:15 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]

Totality will be visible from Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, and western China.[3] A partial eclipse will be visible for parts of eastern Brazil, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia. Coincidentally, The eclipse passes through many Islamic countries around the date of Islamic New Year (estimated around March 20–21 according to local traditions, time zone and atmospheric conditions), and also passes through Iran only a few hours before the vernal equinox, marking the beginning of the Persian New Year. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11–12 days shorter than the solar year that the Iranian calendar observes, the Islamic New Year rotates through the seasons of the year, while the Persian one is on nearly fixed date on Gregorian calendar. It is an extremely rare case that the two new years meet.

Images

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Animated path

Details of totality in some places or cities

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Solar Eclipse of March 20, 2034
Country or Territory Place or City Start

of
partial
eclipse
(Local Time)

Start of
total
eclipse (Local Time)
End of
total
eclipse (Local Time)
Duration of
total
eclipse
End of
partial
eclipse (Local Time)
Magnitude
 Benin Akraké 09:01:11 10:17:36 10:18:57 1 min 51 s 11:45:51 1,042
 Nigeria Lagos 09:02:04 10:18:23 10:21:02 2 min 39 s 11:47:45 1,042
 Nigeria Ikorodu 09:02:23 10:19:01 10:21:15 2 min 15s 11:48:17 1,042
 Nigeria Ondo Town 09:04:23 10:22:02 10:24:44 2 min 43 s 11:52:25 1,043
 Nigeria Benin City 09:04:36 10:22:44 10:24:58 2 min 14 s 11:53:15 1,043
 Nigeria Akure 09:05:11 10:22:57 10:25:42 2 min 44 s 11:53:35 1,043
 Nigeria Makurdi 09:10:12 10:30:39 10:33:05 2 min 26 s 12:02:58 1,044
 Nigeria Lafia 09:11:12 10:31:12 10:34:49 3 min 37 s 12:04:10 1,044
 Nigeria Gombe 09:17:38 10:40:19 10:42:52 2 min 33 s 12:13:51 1,044
 Nigeria Mubi 09:20:58 10:44:51 10:47:53 3 min 02 s 12:19:57 1,045
 Cameroon Mokolo 09:22:25 10:46:36 10:50:11 3 min 35 s 12:21:26 1,045
 Cameroon Maroua 09:23:16 10:48:38 10:50:07 1 min 29 s 12:22:31 1,045
 Chad N'Djamena 09:26:50 10:51:41 10:55:27 3 min 45 s 12:26:43 1,045
 Chad Biltine 09:41:55 11:10:53 11:12:50 1 min 57 s 12:44:43 1,046
 Sudan Abri 11:12:58 12:42:02 12:46:03 4 min 01 s 14:11:53 1,045
 Sudan Wadi Halfa 11:16:55 12:46:00 12:49:19 3 min 20 s 14:14:35 1,045
 Egypt Shalateen 11:28:41 12:56:52 13:00:11 3 min 19 s 14:22:45 1,044
 Saudi Arabia Yanbu 12:35:54 14:03:35 14:05:58 2 min 23 s 15:27:11 1,044
 Saudi Arabia Hafar Al Batin 12:58:28 14:21:18 14:23:31 2 min 12 s 15:38:34 1,042i
 Kuwait Wafra 13:03:10 14:24:25 14:27:37 3 min 12 s 15:40:52 1,041
 Kuwait Mangaf 13:03:38 14:25:09 14:27:18 2 min 09 s 15:40:53 1,041
 Saudi Arabia Khafji 13:03:53 14:25:10 14:28:03 2 min 52 s 15:41:16 1,041
 Iran Bushehr 13:39:05 14:59:16 15:01:29 2 min 13 s 16:13:30 1,041
 Iran Shiraz 13:42:53 15:01:44 15:34:15 2 min 30 s 16:14:58 1,040
 Iran Rafsanjan 13:49:44 15:06:37 15:08:37 2 min 00 s 16:17:28 1,039
 Afghanistan Farah 15:00:27 16:13:04 16:15:29 2 min 35 s 17:20:32 1,037
 Afghanistan Ghazni 15:09:19 16:18:26 16:20:19 1 min 53 s 17:22:28 1,035
 Afghanistan Jost 15:11:13 16:19:24 16:21:38 2 m 14 s 17:22:57 1,035
 Pakistan Peshawar 15:43:00 16:50:31 16:52:08 1 min 38 s 17:52:59 1,035
 Pakistan Mardan 15:43:32 16:51:10 16:51:57 47 s 17:52:59 1,034
 Pakistan Wah 15:44:23 16:51:03 16:53:13 2 min 10 s 17:53:18 1,034
 Pakistan Islamabad 15:44:44 16:51:17 16:53:24 2 min 07 s 17:53:23 1,034
 Pakistan Rawalpindi 15:44:45 16:51:24 16:53:22 1 min 58 s 17:53:26 1,034
 Pakistan Abbottabad 15:44:50 16:51:27 16:53:03 1 min 36 s 17:53:11 1,034
 India Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Region 16:16:29 17:22:07 17:24:10 2 min 03 s 18:23:25 1,034
 India Leh, Ladakh Region 16:19:08 17:23:25 17:25:24 1 min 59 s 18:53:34 1,033
 China Rutog County, Tibet Autonomous Region 18:51:23 19:54:22 19:56:11 1 min 39 s 20:45:47 (sunset) 1,032

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]

March 20, 2034 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2034 March 20 at 07:41:11.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2034 March 20 at 08:38:09.7 UTC
First Central Line 2034 March 20 at 08:38:58.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2034 March 20 at 08:39:46.4 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2034 March 20 at 09:41:21.7 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2034 March 20 at 10:15:45.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2034 March 20 at 10:18:45.2 UTC
Greatest Duration 2034 March 20 at 10:19:41.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2034 March 20 at 10:28:24.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2034 March 20 at 10:55:53.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2034 March 20 at 11:57:34.8 UTC
Last Central Line 2034 March 20 at 11:58:24.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2034 March 20 at 11:59:14.9 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2034 March 20 at 12:56:10.5 UTC
March 20, 2034 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.04582
Eclipse Obscuration 1.09374
Gamma 0.28942
Sun Right Ascension 23h59m32.7s
Sun Declination -00°02'58.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'03.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 23h59m11.3s
Moon Declination +00°13'42.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'31.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'39.3"
ΔT 75.7 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of March–April 2034
March 20
Descending node (new moon)
April 3
Ascending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 130
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 142
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Eclipses in 2034

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 130

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2033–2036

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]

The partial solar eclipse on July 23, 2036 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2033 to 2036
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
120 March 30, 2033

Total
0.9778 125 September 23, 2033

Partial
−1.1583
130 March 20, 2034

Total
0.2894 135 September 12, 2034

Annular
−0.3936
140 March 9, 2035

Annular
−0.4368 145 September 2, 2035

Total
0.3727
150 February 27, 2036

Partial
−1.1942 155 August 21, 2036

Partial
1.0825

Saros 130

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]

Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200:
41 42 43

November 9, 1817

November 20, 1835

November 30, 1853
44 45 46

December 12, 1871

December 22, 1889

January 3, 1908
47 48 49

January 14, 1926

January 25, 1944

February 5, 1962
50 51 52

February 16, 1980

February 26, 1998

March 9, 2016
53 54 55

March 20, 2034

March 30, 2052

April 11, 2070
56 57 58

April 21, 2088

May 3, 2106

May 14, 2124
59 60 61

May 25, 2142

June 4, 2160

June 16, 2178
62

June 26, 2196

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between June 1, 2011 and October 24, 2098
May 31–June 1 March 19–20 January 5–6 October 24–25 August 12–13
118 120 122 124 126

June 1, 2011

March 20, 2015

January 6, 2019

October 25, 2022

August 12, 2026
128 130 132 134 136

June 1, 2030

March 20, 2034

January 5, 2038

October 25, 2041

August 12, 2045
138 140 142 144 146

May 31, 2049

March 20, 2053

January 5, 2057

October 24, 2060

August 12, 2064
148 150 152 154 156

May 31, 2068

March 19, 2072

January 6, 2076

October 24, 2079

August 13, 2083
158 160 162 164

June 1, 2087

October 24, 2098

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

January 1, 1805
(Saros 109)

October 31, 1826
(Saros 111)

August 28, 1848
(Saros 113)

July 29, 1859
(Saros 114)

June 28, 1870
(Saros 115)

May 27, 1881
(Saros 116)

April 26, 1892
(Saros 117)

March 29, 1903
(Saros 118)

February 25, 1914
(Saros 119)

January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)

December 25, 1935
(Saros 121)

November 23, 1946
(Saros 122)

October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)

September 22, 1968
(Saros 124)

August 22, 1979
(Saros 125)

July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)

June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)

May 20, 2012
(Saros 128)

April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)

March 20, 2034
(Saros 130)

February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)

January 16, 2056
(Saros 132)

December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)

November 15, 2077
(Saros 134)

October 14, 2088
(Saros 135)

September 14, 2099
(Saros 136)

August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)

July 14, 2121
(Saros 138)

June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)

May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)

April 12, 2154
(Saros 141)

March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)

February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)

January 9, 2187
(Saros 144)

December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

August 28, 1802
(Saros 122)

August 7, 1831
(Saros 123)

July 18, 1860
(Saros 124)

June 28, 1889
(Saros 125)

June 8, 1918
(Saros 126)

May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)

April 29, 1976
(Saros 128)

April 8, 2005
(Saros 129)

March 20, 2034
(Saros 130)

February 28, 2063
(Saros 131)

February 7, 2092
(Saros 132)

January 19, 2121
(Saros 133)

December 30, 2149
(Saros 134)

December 9, 2178
(Saros 135)

References

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  1. ^ "March 20, 2034 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse on March 20, 2034: Path Map and Times". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  4. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 2034 Mar 20". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  5. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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