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Solar eclipse of May 30, 1984

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Solar eclipse of May 30, 1984
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma0.2755
Magnitude0.998
Maximum eclipse
Duration11 s (0 min 11 s)
Coordinates37°30′N 76°42′W / 37.5°N 76.7°W / 37.5; -76.7
Max. width of band7 km (4.3 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse16:45:41
References
Saros137 (34 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9474

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 30, 1984,[1] with a magnitude of 0.998. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 6.6 days after apogee (on May 24, 1984, at 2:00 UTC) and 7.8 days before perigee (on June 7, 1984, at 12:20 UTC).[2]

This was the first annular solar eclipse visible in the United States in 33 years.

Annularity was visible in Mexico, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia in the United States, the Azores Islands, Morocco and Algeria. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Hawaii, North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Western Europe, and Northwest Africa.

Observations

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During this eclipse, the apex of the moon's umbral cone was very close to the Earth's surface, and the magnitude was very large. The edges of the moon and the sun were very close to each other as seen from the Earth. Images of the chromosphere and Baily's beads on the lunar limb, which are usually only visible during a total solar eclipse, could also be taken. A team of the University of Florida took images, about half of which being those of the chromosphere and the other half the photosphere, in Greenville, South Carolina.[3][4] Jay Pasachoff led a team from Williams College, Massachusetts to Picayune, Mississippi.[5]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[6]

May 30, 1984 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1984 May 30 at 13:55:14.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1984 May 30 at 14:57:46.9 UTC
First Central Line 1984 May 30 at 14:58:22.6 UTC
Greatest Duration 1984 May 30 at 14:58:22.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1984 May 30 at 14:58:58.3 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1984 May 30 at 16:06:12.7 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1984 May 30 at 16:45:41.5 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1984 May 30 at 16:48:44.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1984 May 30 at 16:53:32.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1984 May 30 at 17:25:00.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1984 May 30 at 18:32:21.8 UTC
Last Central Line 1984 May 30 at 18:32:54.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1984 May 30 at 18:33:27.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1984 May 30 at 19:35:58.9 UTC
May 30, 1984 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.99801
Eclipse Obscuration 0.99602
Gamma 0.27552
Sun Right Ascension 04h31m02.1s
Sun Declination +21°52'05.5"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'46.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 04h30m45.4s
Moon Declination +22°07'14.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'30.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°56'54.1"
ΔT 54.0 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of May–June 1984
May 15
Descending node (full moon)
May 30
Ascending node (new moon)
June 13
Descending node (full moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 111
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 137
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 149
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Eclipses in 1984

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 137

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1982–1985

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[7]

The partial solar eclipses on January 25, 1982 and July 20, 1982 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1982 to 1985
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117 June 21, 1982

Partial
−1.2102 122 December 15, 1982

Partial
1.1293
127 June 11, 1983

Total
−0.4947 132 December 4, 1983

Annular
0.4015
137 May 30, 1984

Annular
0.2755 142

Partial in Gisborne,
New Zealand
November 22, 1984

Total
−0.3132
147 May 19, 1985

Partial
1.072 152 November 12, 1985

Total
−0.9795

Saros 137

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 137, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 25, 1389. It contains total eclipses from August 20, 1533 through December 6, 1695; the first set of hybrid eclipses from December 17, 1713 through February 11, 1804; the first set of annular eclipses from February 21, 1822 through March 25, 1876; the second set of hybrid eclipses from April 6, 1894 through April 28, 1930; and the second set of annular eclipses from May 9, 1948 through April 13, 2507. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 28, 2633. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 2 minutes, 55 seconds on September 10, 1569, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 59 at 7 minutes, 5 seconds on February 28, 2435. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[8]

Series members 24–46 occur between 1801 and 2200:
24 25 26

February 11, 1804

February 21, 1822

March 4, 1840
27 28 29

March 15, 1858

March 25, 1876

April 6, 1894
30 31 32

April 17, 1912

April 28, 1930

May 9, 1948
33 34 35

May 20, 1966

May 30, 1984

June 10, 2002
36 37 38

June 21, 2020

July 2, 2038

July 12, 2056
39 40 41

July 24, 2074

August 3, 2092

August 15, 2110
42 43 44

August 25, 2128

September 6, 2146

September 16, 2164
45 46

September 27, 2182

October 9, 2200

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between January 5, 1935 and August 11, 2018
January 4–5 October 23–24 August 10–12 May 30–31 March 18–19
111 113 115 117 119

January 5, 1935

August 12, 1942

May 30, 1946

March 18, 1950
121 123 125 127 129

January 5, 1954

October 23, 1957

August 11, 1961

May 30, 1965

March 18, 1969
131 133 135 137 139

January 4, 1973

October 23, 1976

August 10, 1980

May 30, 1984

March 18, 1988
141 143 145 147 149

January 4, 1992

October 24, 1995

August 11, 1999

May 31, 2003

March 19, 2007
151 153 155

January 4, 2011

October 23, 2014

August 11, 2018

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

October 9, 1809
(Saros 121)

September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)

August 7, 1831
(Saros 123)

July 8, 1842
(Saros 124)

June 6, 1853
(Saros 125)

May 6, 1864
(Saros 126)

April 6, 1875
(Saros 127)

March 5, 1886
(Saros 128)

February 1, 1897
(Saros 129)

January 3, 1908
(Saros 130)

December 3, 1918
(Saros 131)

November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)

October 1, 1940
(Saros 133)

September 1, 1951
(Saros 134)

July 31, 1962
(Saros 135)

June 30, 1973
(Saros 136)

May 30, 1984
(Saros 137)

April 29, 1995
(Saros 138)

March 29, 2006
(Saros 139)

February 26, 2017
(Saros 140)

January 26, 2028
(Saros 141)

December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)

November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)

October 24, 2060
(Saros 144)

September 23, 2071
(Saros 145)

August 24, 2082
(Saros 146)

July 23, 2093
(Saros 147)

June 22, 2104
(Saros 148)

May 24, 2115
(Saros 149)

April 22, 2126
(Saros 150)

March 21, 2137
(Saros 151)

February 19, 2148
(Saros 152)

January 19, 2159
(Saros 153)

December 18, 2169
(Saros 154)

November 17, 2180
(Saros 155)

October 18, 2191
(Saros 156)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

September 28, 1810
(Saros 131)

September 7, 1839
(Saros 132)

August 18, 1868
(Saros 133)

July 29, 1897
(Saros 134)

July 9, 1926
(Saros 135)

June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)

May 30, 1984
(Saros 137)

May 10, 2013
(Saros 138)

April 20, 2042
(Saros 139)

March 31, 2071
(Saros 140)

March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)

February 18, 2129
(Saros 142)

January 30, 2158
(Saros 143)

January 9, 2187
(Saros 144)

Notes

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  1. ^ "May 30, 1984 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. ^ Glenn Schneider. "30 May 1984 7-second "Broken" Annular Solar Eclipse near Greenville, SC, USA". Archived from the original on 21 February 2020.
  4. ^ "1984-5-30 "残缺"日环食" (in Chinese). AstroChina 天文中国. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
  5. ^ Jay Pasachoff. "1984 Annular Eclipse". Williams College. Archived from the original on 29 August 2019.
  6. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1984 May 30". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  7. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 137". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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