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Solar eclipse of February 14, 1915

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Solar eclipse of February 14, 1915
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.2024
Magnitude0.9789
Maximum eclipse
Duration124 s (2 min 4 s)
Coordinates24°00′S 120°42′E / 24°S 120.7°E / -24; 120.7
Max. width of band77 km (48 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse4:33:20
References
Saros129 (46 of 80)
Catalog # (SE5000)9315

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, February 14, 1915,[1][2][3][4][5] with a magnitude of 0.9789. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 6.7 days after perigee (on February 7, 1915, at 13:20 UTC) and 7.1 days before apogee (on February 21, 1915, at 5:50 UTC).[6]

Annularity was visible from Australia, Papua in Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), German New Guinea (now belonging to Papua New Guinea), and the South Seas Mandate of Japan (the parts now belonging to FS Micronesia and Marshall Islands, including Palikir). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica, Australia, Oceania, and Southeast Asia.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[7]

February 14, 1915 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1915 February 14 at 01:41:50.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1915 February 14 at 02:43:23.8 UTC
First Central Line 1915 February 14 at 02:44:33.6 UTC
Greatest Duration 1915 February 14 at 02:44:33.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1915 February 14 at 02:45:43.5 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1915 February 14 at 03:49:42.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1915 February 14 at 04:22:46.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1915 February 14 at 04:31:05.1 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1915 February 14 at 04:33:20.0 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1915 February 14 at 05:17:11.0 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1915 February 14 at 06:21:01.1 UTC
Last Central Line 1915 February 14 at 06:22:13.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1915 February 14 at 06:23:26.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1915 February 14 at 07:25:00.5 UTC
February 14, 1915 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.97890
Eclipse Obscuration 0.95825
Gamma −0.20238
Sun Right Ascension 21h46m51.7s
Sun Declination -13°23'30.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'11.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 21h47m11.9s
Moon Declination -13°33'58.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'36.4"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°57'16.6"
ΔT 17.3 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of January–March 1915
January 31
Descending node (full moon)
February 14
Ascending node (new moon)
March 1
Descending node (full moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 103
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 129
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 141
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Eclipses in 1915

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 129

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1913–1917

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]

The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
114 August 31, 1913

Partial
1.4512 119 February 25, 1914

Annular
−0.9416
124 August 21, 1914

Total
0.7655 129 February 14, 1915

Annular
−0.2024
134 August 10, 1915

Annular
0.0124 139
February 3, 1916

Total
0.4987
144 July 30, 1916

Annular
−0.7709 149 January 23, 1917

Partial
1.1508
154 July 19, 1917

Partial
−1.5101

Saros 129

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 129, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 80 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 3, 1103. It contains annular eclipses from May 6, 1464 through March 18, 1969; hybrid eclipses from March 29, 1987 through April 20, 2023; and total eclipses from April 30, 2041 through July 26, 2185. The series ends at member 80 as a partial eclipse on February 21, 2528. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 34 at 5 minutes, 10 seconds on October 4, 1698, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 58 at 3 minutes, 43 seconds on June 25, 2131. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[9]

Series members 40–61 occur between 1801 and 2200:
40 41 42

December 10, 1806

December 20, 1824

December 31, 1842
43 44 45

January 11, 1861

January 22, 1879

February 1, 1897
46 47 48

February 14, 1915

February 24, 1933

March 7, 1951
49 50 51

March 18, 1969

March 29, 1987

April 8, 2005
52 53 54

April 20, 2023

April 30, 2041

May 11, 2059
55 56 57

May 22, 2077

June 2, 2095

June 13, 2113
58 59 60

June 25, 2131

July 5, 2149

July 16, 2167
61

July 26, 2185

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964
December 2–3 September 20–21 July 9–10 April 26–28 February 13–14
111 113 115 117 119

December 2, 1880

July 9, 1888

April 26, 1892

February 13, 1896
121 123 125 127 129

December 3, 1899

September 21, 1903

July 10, 1907

April 28, 1911

February 14, 1915
131 133 135 137 139

December 3, 1918

September 21, 1922

July 9, 1926

April 28, 1930

February 14, 1934
141 143 145 147 149

December 2, 1937

September 21, 1941

July 9, 1945

April 28, 1949

February 14, 1953
151 153 155

December 2, 1956

September 20, 1960

July 9, 1964

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

December 21, 1805
(Saros 119)

November 19, 1816
(Saros 120)

October 20, 1827
(Saros 121)

September 18, 1838
(Saros 122)

August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)

July 18, 1860
(Saros 124)

June 18, 1871
(Saros 125)

May 17, 1882
(Saros 126)

April 16, 1893
(Saros 127)

March 17, 1904
(Saros 128)

February 14, 1915
(Saros 129)

January 14, 1926
(Saros 130)

December 13, 1936
(Saros 131)

November 12, 1947
(Saros 132)

October 12, 1958
(Saros 133)

September 11, 1969
(Saros 134)

August 10, 1980
(Saros 135)

July 11, 1991
(Saros 136)

June 10, 2002
(Saros 137)

May 10, 2013
(Saros 138)

April 8, 2024
(Saros 139)

March 9, 2035
(Saros 140)

February 5, 2046
(Saros 141)

January 5, 2057
(Saros 142)

December 6, 2067
(Saros 143)

November 4, 2078
(Saros 144)

October 4, 2089
(Saros 145)

September 4, 2100
(Saros 146)

August 4, 2111
(Saros 147)

July 4, 2122
(Saros 148)

June 3, 2133
(Saros 149)

May 3, 2144
(Saros 150)

April 2, 2155
(Saros 151)

March 2, 2166
(Saros 152)

January 29, 2177
(Saros 153)

December 29, 2187
(Saros 154)

November 28, 2198
(Saros 155)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 14, 1828
(Saros 126)

March 25, 1857
(Saros 127)

March 5, 1886
(Saros 128)

February 14, 1915
(Saros 129)

January 25, 1944
(Saros 130)

January 4, 1973
(Saros 131)

December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)

November 25, 2030
(Saros 133)

November 5, 2059
(Saros 134)

October 14, 2088
(Saros 135)

September 26, 2117
(Saros 136)

September 6, 2146
(Saros 137)

August 16, 2175
(Saros 138)

Notes

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  1. ^ "February 14, 1915 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. ^ "PARTIAL ECLIPSE TO-DAY". The Sun. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1915-02-14. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "PARTIAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Victoria, Australia. 1915-02-15. p. 10. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "SOLAR ECLIPSE. LARGE SUN SPOT VISIBLE". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1915-02-15. p. 8. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "OLD SOL IS ECLIPSED, BUT NOT VISIBLE HERE". Vancouver Daily World. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 1915-02-15. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1915 Feb 14". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  8. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  9. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 129". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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