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Solar eclipse of January 24, 1925

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Solar eclipse of January 24, 1925
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.8661
Magnitude1.0304
Maximum eclipse
Duration152 s (2 min 32 s)
Coordinates40°30′N 49°36′W / 40.5°N 49.6°W / 40.5; -49.6
Max. width of band206 km (128 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse14:54:03
References
Saros120 (56 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9339

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, January 24, 1925,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0304. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.1 days after perigee (on January 23, 1925, at 13:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]

Totality was visible from southwestern and southeastern Ontario in Canada (including Toronto and Niagara Falls), Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York (including the northern part of New York City), New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, West Africa, and Western Europe.

Observations

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The "diamond ring" corona, as seen from New York City on January 24, 1925

It was seen in New York City. It was reported that those north of 96th Street in Manhattan saw a total solar eclipse while those south of 96th Street saw a partial eclipse.[3]

Visual and radio observations were conducted by researchers working with Scientific American.[4]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]

January 24, 1925 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1925 January 24 at 12:41:48.8 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1925 January 24 at 14:01:18.9 UTC
First Central Line 1925 January 24 at 14:02:31.1 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1925 January 24 at 14:03:44.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1925 January 24 at 14:45:16.3 UTC
Greatest Duration 1925 January 24 at 14:53:02.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1925 January 24 at 14:54:03.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1925 January 24 at 15:06:52.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1925 January 24 at 15:44:13.9 UTC
Last Central Line 1925 January 24 at 15:45:26.2 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1925 January 24 at 15:46:37.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1925 January 24 at 17:06:14.1 UTC
January 24, 1925 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.03044
Eclipse Obscuration 1.06180
Gamma 0.86613
Sun Right Ascension 20h25m51.5s
Sun Declination -19°13'44.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'14.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 20h25m20.3s
Moon Declination -18°21'36.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'36.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'56.2"
ΔT 23.6 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January–February 1925
January 24
Descending node (new moon)
February 8
Ascending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 120
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 132
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Eclipses in 1925

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 120

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1924–1928

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]

The partial solar eclipses on March 5, 1924 and August 30, 1924 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on May 19, 1928 and November 12, 1928 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1924 to 1928
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
115 July 31, 1924

Partial
−1.4459 120 January 24, 1925

Total
0.8661
125 July 20, 1925

Annular
−0.7193 130

Totality in Sumatra, Indonesia
January 14, 1926

Total
0.1973
135 July 9, 1926

Annular
0.0538 140 January 3, 1927

Annular
−0.4956
145 June 29, 1927

Total
0.8163 150 December 24, 1927

Partial
−1.2416
155 June 17, 1928

Partial
1.5107

Saros 120

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 120, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 27, 933 AD. It contains annular eclipses from August 11, 1059 through April 26, 1492; hybrid eclipses from May 8, 1510 through June 8, 1564; and total eclipses from June 20, 1582 through March 30, 2033. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 7, 2195. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 24 seconds on September 11, 1113, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 60 at 2 minutes, 50 seconds on March 9, 1997. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[7]

Series members 50–71 occur between 1801 and 2195:
50 51 52

November 19, 1816

November 30, 1834

December 11, 1852
53 54 55

December 22, 1870

January 1, 1889

January 14, 1907
56 57 58

January 24, 1925

February 4, 1943

February 15, 1961
59 60 61

February 26, 1979

March 9, 1997

March 20, 2015
62 63 64

March 30, 2033

April 11, 2051

April 21, 2069
65 66 67

May 2, 2087

May 14, 2105

May 25, 2123
68 69 70

June 4, 2141

June 16, 2159

June 26, 2177
71

July 7, 2195

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between April 8, 1902 and August 31, 1989
April 7–8 January 24–25 November 12 August 31–September 1 June 19–20
108 110 112 114 116

April 8, 1902

August 31, 1913

June 19, 1917
118 120 122 124 126

April 8, 1921

January 24, 1925

November 12, 1928

August 31, 1932

June 19, 1936
128 130 132 134 136

April 7, 1940

January 25, 1944

November 12, 1947

September 1, 1951

June 20, 1955
138 140 142 144 146

April 8, 1959

January 25, 1963

November 12, 1966

August 31, 1970

June 20, 1974
148 150 152 154

April 7, 1978

January 25, 1982

November 12, 1985

August 31, 1989

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

January 1, 1805
(Saros 109)

October 31, 1826
(Saros 111)

August 28, 1848
(Saros 113)

July 29, 1859
(Saros 114)

June 28, 1870
(Saros 115)

May 27, 1881
(Saros 116)

April 26, 1892
(Saros 117)

March 29, 1903
(Saros 118)

February 25, 1914
(Saros 119)

January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)

December 25, 1935
(Saros 121)

November 23, 1946
(Saros 122)

October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)

September 22, 1968
(Saros 124)

August 22, 1979
(Saros 125)

July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)

June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)

May 20, 2012
(Saros 128)

April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)

March 20, 2034
(Saros 130)

February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)

January 16, 2056
(Saros 132)

December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)

November 15, 2077
(Saros 134)

October 14, 2088
(Saros 135)

September 14, 2099
(Saros 136)

August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)

July 14, 2121
(Saros 138)

June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)

May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)

April 12, 2154
(Saros 141)

March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)

February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)

January 9, 2187
(Saros 144)

December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)

March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)

March 6, 1867
(Saros 118)

February 13, 1896
(Saros 119)

January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)

January 5, 1954
(Saros 121)

December 15, 1982
(Saros 122)

November 25, 2011
(Saros 123)

November 4, 2040
(Saros 124)

October 15, 2069
(Saros 125)

September 25, 2098
(Saros 126)

September 6, 2127
(Saros 127)

August 16, 2156
(Saros 128)

July 26, 2185
(Saros 129)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "January 24, 1925 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  3. ^ Solar Eclipses in History by Ken Poshedly
  4. ^ "The Best Observed Eclipse in History". Scientific American. 132 (3): 155. 1925. Bibcode:1925SciAm.132..155.. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0325-155. JSTOR 24978840.
  5. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1925 Jan 24". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  6. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 120". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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Further reading

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