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Draft:Borax combo

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Borax combo
Combination of
5-MAPBSerotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent; Entactogen
2-FMAPsychostimulant; Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
5-MeO-MiPTSerotonergic psychedelic; Non-selective serotonin receptor agonist
4-HO-METSerotonergic psychedelic; Non-selective serotonin receptor agonist
Clinical data
Trade namesBlue Bliss; Pink Star
Other namesBorax combination
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
  • None

The Borax combo, also known by the informal brand names Blue Bliss and Pink Star, is a combination recreational and designer drug that is anecdotally claimed to closely mimic the effects and "magic" of the entactogen MDMA ("ecstasy").[1][2][3][4] It is a mixture of three distinct drugs with different mechanisms of action and employed at specific fixed doses:[1][2][3][4]

  1. 5-MAPB, an entactogen acting as a well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA)[5][6][7]
  2. 2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA), an amphetamine-like psychostimulant and probable norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA)[8][9]
  3. 5-MeO-MiPT or 4-HO-MET, serotonergic psychedelics and non-selective serotonin receptor agonists[10][11]

The Borax combo was first described by a user named Borax on the social media website Reddit in 2014.[1] Subsequently, it was encountered as a novel designer drug or "legal high" with growing prominence in 2020 and thereafter owing to the fact that none of its three components were controlled substances (though see laws like the Federal Analogue Act).[2][3] This drug has been sold online in the form of ecstasy-like pressed tablets under informal brand names such as Blue Bliss and Pink Star.[2][4] Contrary to its name, the Borax combo does not contain or have anything to do with the substance borax.[1][2]

There is scientific interest in the development of alternatives to MDMA with better properties, for instance improved safety and reduced neurotoxicity, for potential use in medicine such as in entactogen-assisted psychotherapy.[5][1][12] Despite its origins in online social media and the designer drug scene, academic Matthew Baggott has described the development of the Borax combo as representing a genuine historical milestone in developing viable alternatives to MDMA for potential medical use.[1] Few or no other alternatives of MDMA that have been developed, including analogues like MBDB, MDAI, methylone, and 5-MAPB among others, have been said to closely mimic the effects and unique "magic" of MDMA.[1] These properties are believed to be dependent on a very specific mixture and ratio of pharmacological activities, including combined serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine release and direct serotonin receptor agonism.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Baggott M (23 June 2023). Beyond Ecstasy: Progress in Developing and Understanding a Novel Class of Therapeutic Medicine. PS2023 [Psychedelic Science 2023, June 19-23, 2023, Denver, Colorado]. Denver, CO: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Borax Combo (Synonyms: Blue Bliss)". naddi.org. National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators (NADDI). 14 December 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Online mentions of Borax Combo" (PDF). National Drug Early Warning System. June 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Online mentions of Blue Bliss" (PDF). National Drug Early Warning System. April 2023.
  5. ^ a b Oeri HE (May 2021). "Beyond ecstasy: Alternative entactogens to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine with potential applications in psychotherapy". J Psychopharmacol. 35 (5): 512–536. doi:10.1177/0269881120920420. PMC 8155739. PMID 32909493.
  6. ^ Lapoint, Jeff; Welker, Katherine L. (2022). "Synthetic amphetamine derivatives, benzofurans, and benzodifurans". Novel Psychoactive Substances. Elsevier. pp. 247–278. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818788-3.00007-3. ISBN 978-0-12-818788-3.
  7. ^ Brandt SD, Walters HM, Partilla JS, Blough BE, Kavanagh PV, Baumann MH (December 2020). "The psychoactive aminoalkylbenzofuran derivatives, 5-APB and 6-APB, mimic the effects of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) on monoamine transmission in male rats". Psychopharmacology (Berl). 237 (12): 3703–3714. doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05648-z. PMC 7686291. PMID 32875347.
  8. ^ McCreary AC, Müller CP, Filip M (2015). "Psychostimulants: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology". Int Rev Neurobiol. 120: 41–83. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.008. PMID 26070753.
  9. ^ Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill; Aja, Maduabuchi Patrick; Mitaki, Nancy Bonareri; Morya, Sonia; Amagwula, Ikechukwu O.; Echeta, Chinelo Kate; Igwe, Victory S. (2 February 2023). "New Psychoactive Substances: Major Groups, Laboratory Testing Challenges, Public Health Concerns, and Community-Based Solutions". Journal of Chemistry. 2023: 1–36. doi:10.1155/2023/5852315. ISSN 2090-9071.
  10. ^ Araújo AM, Carvalho F, Bastos Mde L, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M (August 2015). "The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review". Arch Toxicol. 89 (8): 1151–1173. Bibcode:2015ArTox..89.1151A. doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x. PMID 25877327.
  11. ^ Malaca S, Lo Faro AF, Tamborra A, Pichini S, Busardò FP, Huestis MA (December 2020). "Toxicology and Analysis of Psychoactive Tryptamines". Int J Mol Sci. 21 (23): 9279. doi:10.3390/ijms21239279. PMC 7730282. PMID 33291798.
  12. ^ Kaur, Harpreet; Karabulut, Sedat; Gauld, James W.; Fagot, Stephen A.; Holloway, Kalee N.; Shaw, Hannah E.; Fantegrossi, William E. (1 September 2023). "Balancing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of MDMA and Novel MDXX Analogues as Novel Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder". Psychedelic Medicine. 1 (3): 166–185. doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0023. ISSN 2831-4425.
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