Next Albanian parliamentary election
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Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Albania between April and May 2025.
Background
[edit]In the 2021 parliamentary elections, the Socialist Party won 74 of the 140 seats in the parliament, resulting in Edi Rama being re-elected as Prime Minister. The PD-AN alliance, led by the centre-right Democrats, increased their seat-share from 43 seats to 59. However of the 59 seats 9 went to smaller parties that ran within the Democratic party.
On 26 July 2024, the parliament approved the amendments to the new electoral code, which included provisions for diaspora voting and the allocation of mandates.[1] A significant focus centered on the formula employed for candidate lists, which was no longer entirely open; instead, one-third was designated as closed and subject to the discretion of the party leader, thereby exempting it from preferential voting. Furthermore, the new regulations stipulated that one out of every three candidates elected from the open list was required to be a woman, thereby reflecting a commitment to enhancing gender representation within the electoral framework.[1]
Electoral system
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 Albania |
The electoral system of Albania is constructed upon the principles defined in the constitution and the electoral code. As a parliamentary constitutional republic, Albania implements a regional proportional representation method that allocates seats in the Kuvendi according to the proportion of votes garnered by political parties in a multi-party system.[2][3][4] The Kuvendi is composed of 140 representatives with a term of four years, where 100 members are elected directly from multi-member constituencies and 40 members from multi-name lists of parties or coalitions.[3] The constitution codifies substantial democratic principles, stipulating that voting rights are equal, free, and conducted through secret ballot.[5][6] All citizens of Albania, upon reaching the age of 18 and have not been deprived of voting rights, are permitted to participate in elections.[7] The electoral code also establishes comprehensive procedures for voter registration, ensuring that all eligible citizens can participate fully in the process. The allocation of representatives in the Kuvendi is integrated on population size within 12 electoral districts, which correspond to the administrative regions of Albania.[4] To ensure proportional representation, the d'Hondt method is employed for seat distribution, contingent upon an electoral threshold of 1%.[4] This method facilitates a fair allocation of seats relative to the number of registered citizens in each district of Albania.[4]
Election date
[edit]According to the constitution, parliamentary elections in Albania are required to be conducted no later than 60 days and no earlier than 30 days prior to the expiration of the Kuvendi's mandate.[3] On 11 October 2024, the commissioner Ilirjan Celibashi of the Komisioni Qendror i Zgjedhjeve (KQZ) recommended the period between 20 April and 11 May 2025, as the most appropriate timeframe for the upcoming parliamentary elections.[8] On 11 November 2024, President Bajram Begaj procedurally initiated consultations to determine the election date for the elections, inviting representatives from the Coalition for Reforms, Integration, and Consolidated Institutions (KRIIK) to the Presidenca.[9]
Parliamentary parties
[edit]As of the electoral code, a parliamentary party is defined as a political organisation that has achieved representation in the Kuvendi by obtaining a minimum of one seat in the most recent electoral contest.[10] Subsequent to the 2021 parliamentary election, the PS obtained 74 of the 140 seats, emerging as the majority party.[11] The PD – AN secured 59 seats, while LSI acquired 4 seats and the PSD attained 1 seat.[11]
| Name | Ideology | Position | Leader | 2021 result | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | ||||||||
| PS | Socialist Party of Albania Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Edi Rama | 48.67 | 74 / 140
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| PD–AN | Democratic Party – Alliance for Change Partia Demokratike – Aleanca për Ndryshim |
Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | Lulzim Basha | 28.85 | 59 / 140
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| LSI | Socialist Movement for Integration Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Monika Kryemadhi | 6.81 | 4 / 140
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| PSD | Social Democratic Party of Albania Partia Socialdemokrate e Shqipërisë |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Tom Doshi | 2.25 | 3 / 140
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Parties and coalitions
[edit]According to the electoral code, each political party is mandated to submit a registration request to the KQZ no later than 70 days prior to the scheduled election date.[12] This request must comprehensively contain several critical components, including the identity of the party chair authorised to present candidates, the official name and acronym of the party, a specimen of the official stamp, and the contact information for both the finance officer and communication officer.[12] Registered political parties have the option to form coalitions, which must also be registered with the KQZ at least 60 days before the election.[13] A political party that is part of a coalition is restricted from engaging in another coalition or presenting candidates independently.[13] The coalition is required to designate a leading party, which assumes the responsibility for fulfilling the legal obligations formed in the electoral code, and to document inter-party relations in a formal coalition agreement submitted to the KQZ.[13] It is essential that both political parties and coalitions submit a multi-name list of candidates for the parliament election no later than 50 days prior to the election.[14]
In June 2024, Lulzim Basha, the former leader of the Democratic Party, established a new faction titled, the Democratic Party – Euroatlantic Democrats, following internal conflicts regarding the ownership of the party's official seal.[15][16] By November 2024, Basha revealed that he was engaged in advanced discussions with Endri Shabani of Nisma Thurje to explore potential electoral cooperation.[17] However, Shabani publicly rejected the possibility of such an alliance, asserting that a cooperation with Basha or his faction was "zero".[18]
On 24 September 2024, representatives of the Democratic Party initiated consultations with allies for the upcoming elections, with Ilir Meta of the Freedom Party being the first to meet.[19] Meta did not take a clear stance on whether to run on a joint electoral list or separately, but expressed a preference for using his own party's logo.[19] On 14 November 2024, the party's leader Sali Berisha, who was placed under house arrest since December 2023, addressed concerns about Meta's involvement in the electoral list for the elections, despite Meta's imprisonment in October 2024.[20] Berisha underscored that Meta, who is according to him incarcerated without a clear charge, would be included in the electoral list if his party joined the coalition.[20]
Campaign
[edit]Election campaigns in Albania are regulated to initiate 30 days before the scheduled election date and must conclude 24 hours prior to voting.[21] The day preceding and election day are designated as periods of electoral silence, during which all campaigning is prohibited.[21]
Governing party
[edit]Prime Minister Edi Rama of the Socialist Party introduced the initiative "PS2030 për Shqipërinë 2030" during the party's assembly on 8 September 2024.[22] This initiative is centered on increasing youth engagement and preparing the party for Albania's future as a member of the European Union.[22][23] Its key objectives include empowering younger members and adapting the party's structure and policies to meet the challenges of the upcoming decade.[22] As part of its election preparations, the party launched the platform called "Deputeti që Duam" focusing on selecting candidates from four key categories, including the diaspora, youth, women, and professionals.[24][25][26]
Other parties
[edit]In August 2024, Basha of the Democratic Party – Euroatlantic Democrats presented an anti-corruption strategy for the elections, including the formation of a dedicated unit to trace and recover misappropriated public funds, alongside reinforcing the roles of the Special Structure against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) and the Special First Instance Court for Corruption and Organized Crime (GJKKO).[27] Basha further advocates for an extension of an anti-mafia law to encompass corrupt public-private partnerships, the confiscation of illicit assets from public officials, and the removal of parliamentary immunity to facilitate comprehensive investigations.[27] Additionally, he proposes a vetting process aimed at cleansing both central and local government institutions.[27]
In September 2024, the Democratic Party appointed Flamur Noka to lead the party's the coordination of campaign activities for the elections.[28] Also in September, Adriatik Lapaj of Lëvizja Shqipëria Bëhet stated that over the past year, they have been actively engaging citizens through meetings in Tirana, regional areas, and the diaspora, underscoring the role of the electorate in challenging the existing government.[29] Lapaj criticized both the Socialist Party and Democratic Party, claiming that their leaders exploit criminal networks to manipulate elections and maintain power.[29] Lapaj's vision seeks to dismantle this system, promising an alternative model based on honesty and accountability, with the ultimate goal of empowering the Albanian people to enact change.[29]
Opinion polls
[edit]Leadership approval
[edit]Edi Rama
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Edi Rama, leader of the Socialist Party and Prime Minister of Albania since September 2013.
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 45.9 | 50.1 | -4.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 48.4 | 47.3 | 1.1 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 1 March 2024 | 52.1 | 47.9 | 5.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 47.8 | 49.4 | -1.6 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 May 2023 | 52.8 | 44.5 | 8.3 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 21 April 2023 | 54.1 | 42.7 | 11.4 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 24 March 2023 | 59.1 | 38.3 | 20.8 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 3 March 2023 | 47.3 | 49.7 | -2.4 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 6 January 2023 | 36.8 | 56.3 | -19.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 October 2022 | 40.6 | 56 | -15.4 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 5 May 2022 | 44.8 | 54 | -9.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 27 January 2022 | 50.1 | 48.3 | 1.8 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 11 November 2021 | 43.3 | 54.6 | -11.3 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 10 June 2021 | 52.4 | 47.4 | 5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 April 2021 | 47 | 52.5 | -5.5 |
Sali Berisha
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Sali Berisha, current leader of the Democratic Party and Leader of the Opposition, former Prime Minister of Albania and former President of Albania .
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 28.7 | 66.3 | -37.6 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 25.6 | 70.3 | -44.7 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 1 March 2024 | 28.7 | 71.3 | -36.3 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 30.6 | 65.7 | -35.1 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 May 2023 | 27.7 | 66.6 | -38.9 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 21 April 2023 | 33.4 | 62.2 | -28.8 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 24 March 2023 | 28.6 | 68.1 | -39.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 3 March 2023 | 26.8 | 70.4 | -43.6 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 6 January 2023 | 21 | 71.8 | -50.8 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 October 2022 | 26.2 | 71.5 | -45.3 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 5 May 2022 | 27.2 | 72 | -44.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 27 January 2022 | 21.2 | 76.1 | -54.9 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 11 November 2021 | 28.1 | 69.8 | -41.7 |
Lulzim Basha
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Lulzim Basha, former leader of the Democratic Party and former Mayor of Tirana.
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 13.9 | 80.5 | -66.6 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 13 | 82.5 | -69.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 1 March 2024 | 14 | 86 | -72 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 21.9 | 73.6 | -51.7 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 3 March 2023 | 20.2 | 76.7 | -56.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 6 January 2023 | 7.6 | 84.1 | -76.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 October 2022 | 14 | 83.5 | -69.5 |
Ilir Meta
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Ilir Meta, leader of the Freedom Party, former President of Albania .
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 9.9 | 84.6 | -74.7 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 7.3 | 88.5 | -81.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 1 March 2024 | 8.4 | 91.6 | -83.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 10.7 | 85.2 | -74.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 May 2023 | 10.4 | 81.5 | -71.1 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 21 April 2023 | 18 | 74.1 | -56.1 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 24 March 2023 | 12.4 | 83.1 | -70.7 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 3 March 2023 | 8.8 | 87.6 | -78.8 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 6 January 2023 | 4.6 | 88.1 | -83.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 October 2022 | 6.7 | 90.7 | -84 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 11 November 2021 | 7.2 | 91.1 | -83.9 |
Endrit Shabani
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Endrit Shabani, leader of Nisma Thurje, an extra-parliamentary opposition party.
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead | Unknown to me |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 13 | 25.1 | -12.1 | 53.4 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 March 2024 | 17.9 | 25.4 | -7.5 | 44 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 19.6 | 33.1 | -13.5 | 40 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 23.8 | 26.8 | -3 | 42.8 |
Arlind Qori
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Arlind Qori, leader of Lëvizja Bashkë, an extra-parliamentary opposition party.
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead | Unknown to me |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 17.6 | 23.3 | -5.7 | 50.3 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 March 2024 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 0.6 | 42.7 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 23.8 | 29.1 | -5.3 | 40.5 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 31.3 | 24.5 | 6.8 | 36 |
Adriatik Lapaj
[edit]The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Adriatik Lapaj, leader of Shqipëria Bëhet, an extra-parliamentary opposition movement.
| Pollster | Date | Approve | Disapprove | Lead | Unknown to me |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EuronewsAlbania | 15 December 2023 | 27.8 | 21.5 | 6.3 | 42 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 8 March 2024 | 35 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 37.2 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 7 June 2024 | 40.8 | 26.9 | 13.9 | 26.9 |
| EuronewsAlbania | 16 October 2024 | 46.2 | 24.4 | 21.8 | 22.8 |
Nationwide
[edit]| Polling firm | Date | Sample | PS | PD | PL | PSD | PDIU | NTH | LB | SB | PM | Others | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piepoli + Report TV | 17 October 2024 | – | 50.3% | 30.2% | 1.5% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.7% | 1.0% | 6.8% | 3.1% | 3.7% | 20.1% |
| 2021 election | 25 April 2021 | 1,578,117 | 48.67% | 39.43% | 6.81% | 2.25% | with PD | 0.65% | – | – | – | 2.84% | 9.24% |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "106 vota pro, PS-PD miratojnë ndryshimet në Kodin Zgjedhor: Lista të hapura në 2/3 dhe votë të diasporës! 'Përplasen' demokratët, akuza për pazar Berisha-Rama". Shqiptarja (in Albanian). 26 July 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ OSCE 1998, p. 1, Article 1.
- ^ a b c OSCE 1998, p. 12, Article 64.
- ^ a b c d OSCE 2021, p. 6.
- ^ OSCE 1998, p. 9, Article 45.
- ^ OSCE 1998, p. 14, Article 73.
- ^ OSCE 1998, p. 8, Article 45.
- ^ "Datat për zgjedhjet 2025/ Celibashi, letër partive: S'kemi kohë për votim elektronik, e bëjmë vetëm në Elbasan e Durrës!". Zëri (in Albanian). Tirana. 11 October 2024. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "Presidenti Begaj takim me përfaqësues të Kriik: Shoqëria civile të angazhohet në mbikëqyrjen e zgjedhjeve" (in Albanian). ABC News. 11 November 2024. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ Electoral Code 2024, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e f "Albania: Parliamentary Elections April 25, 2021". Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Archived from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ a b Electoral Code 2024, p. 34, Article 64.
- ^ a b c Electoral Code 2024, p. 34, Article 65.
- ^ Electoral Code 2024, p. 35, Article 67.
- ^ "Basha prezanton ndryshimet në logon e Pd: Demokratët euroatlantikë" (in Albanian). Euronews Albania. 14 June 2024. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "Vulën e mori Berisha, Basha prezanton ndryshimet në logon e Pd-së: Demokratët Euroatlantike!". Zëri (in Albanian). Tirana. 14 June 2024. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "'Ka individë që kanë dhënë kontribut në kohë të vështira!' Basha: Në diskutime me Nisma Thurje për të dalë bashkë në zgjedhje". Dosja (in Albanian). Tirana. 9 November 2024. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "Basha deklaroi se janë në diskutime për bashkëpunim në zgjedhjet e 2025, Endri Shabani e përgënjeshtron: Zero shanse!". Dosja (in Albanian). Tirana. 9 November 2024. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ a b Maloku, Danjela (24 September 2024). "Një listë në zgjedhje? Pd nis takimet me aleatët, i pari në radhë Meta! Kreu i Pl: Duam logon tonë, por do gjejmë format më efikase". Shqiptarja (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ a b "A do jetë Ilir Meta pjesë e listës?/ Berisha: I burgosur politik! Dumani, me dhunë i kërkoi Ismailit dëshmi kundër tij". Syri (in Albanian). 14 November 2024. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ a b Electoral Code 2024, p. 39, Article 77.
- ^ a b c "Asambleja e Ps/ Rama: Unë dhe deputetët e vjetër garojmë në lista të hapura! Pd merr më pak mandate se në '97! Ndryshon drejtuesit politikë në 7 qarqe! Zgjidhet kryesia e re!". Shqiptarja (in Albanian). Durrës. 8 September 2024. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "Asambleja e Ps/ Rama: Skuadër e re për zgjedhjet 2025, e nxorëm Shqipërinë nga gropa e 11 viteve më parë". Shqiptarja (in Albanian). 8 September 2024. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "'Deputeti që duam', Rama: Platformë për ata që ndryshe nuk iu vjen radha" (in Albanian). A2 CNN. 9 September 2024. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "Përgatitjet për mbledhjen e parë të Kryesisë së re/ Në Ps bëhet gati banderola 'Deputeti që duam': Fokusi tek, diaspora, rinia, gratë dhe profesionistët". Shqiptarja (in Albanian). 9 September 2024. Archived from the original on 9 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "'Deputeti që duam', Rama: Kush ka ambicie të aplikojë! Kushtet nuk janë që të kesh 'mik' apo të dish të flasësh bukur". Shqiptarja (in Albanian). 9 September 2024. Archived from the original on 9 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "Basha publikon programin për zgjedhjet 2025, premton 'luftë të egër' ndaj korrupsionit". Bota Sot (in Albanian). 23 August 2024. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ Barjamemaj, Anesti (4 September 2024). "Zgjedhjet 2025, zbulohet kush do drejtojë fushatën e Pd" (in Albanian). A2 CNN. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "Zgjedhjet e 2025/ Lapaj: Do të kemi rezultat surprizë. Fitorja më e madhe e shqiptarëve do të ishte". BalkanWeb (in Albanian). 10 September 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
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Sources
[edit]- "Constitution of the Republic of Albania". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 22 November 1998. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
- "Albania, Parliamentary Elections, 25 April 2021: Final Report". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 26 July 2021. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
- "Ligj Nr. 10 019, Datë 29.12.2008 Kodi Zgjedhor i Rpublikës së Shqipërisë (Electoral Code 2024)" (PDF) (in Albanian). Komisioni Qendror i Zgjedhjeve (KQZ). 26 July 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
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