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2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

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2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

← 2010 November 6, 2012 2014 →

All 8 Wisconsin seats to the United States House of Representatives
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 5 3
Seats won 5 3
Seat change Steady Steady
Popular vote 1,401,995 1,445,015
Percentage 48.92% 50.42%
Swing Decrease 5.54% Increase 6.57%

The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from Wisconsin, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 113th Congress from January 2013 until January 2015. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. Primary elections were held on August 14, 2012.[1]

Wisconsin was one of five states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2012, the other states being Arizona, Michigan, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.

Overview

[edit]
United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 2012[2][3]
Party Votes Percentage Seats Before Seats After +/–
Republican 1,401,995 48.92% 5 5 -
Democratic 1,445,015 50.42% 3 3 -
Libertarian 6,054 0.20% 0 0 -
Independent 9,277 0.32% 0 0 -
Write-In 26 0.00% 0 0 -
Scattering 3,683 0.13% 0 0 -
Totals 2,956,050 100.00% 8 8 -

District 1

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 1st congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Paul Ryan Rob Zerban
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 200,423 158,414
Percentage 54.9% 43.4%

Precinct results
Ryan:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      >90%
Zerban:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Paul Ryan
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Paul Ryan
Republican

Republican Paul Ryan, who has represented Wisconsin's 1st congressional district since 1999, ran for reelection after deciding not to run for the U.S. Senate[4] or seek the Republican presidential nomination[5] in 2012.

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Paul Ryan (Incumbent) 65,700 99.6
none Scattering 278 0.4
Total votes 65,978 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Rob Zerban 16,265 99.8
none Scattering 27 0.2
Total votes 16,292 100.0

Libertarian primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Keith Deschler, factory worker[8]

General election

[edit]

Campaign

[edit]

Though Ryan was selected to be the Republican nominee for Vice President of the United States on August 11, 2012, he was allowed, and continued to, run for re-election to his House seat.[9][10]

Endorsements

[edit]

Polling

[edit]
Poll
source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Paul
Ryan (R)
Rob
Zerban (D)
Keith
Deschler (L)
Undecided
Public Opinion Strategies (R-Ryan)[16] September 9–10, 2012 400 ±4.9% 58% 33% 3% 6%
Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates (D-Zerban)[17] August 21–23, 2012 404 ±4.9% 47% 39% 4% 11%

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 1st Congressional District, 2012[2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Paul Ryan (Incumbent) 200,423 54.9
Democratic Rob Zerban 158,414 43.4
Libertarian Keith Deschler 6,054 1.7
none Scattering 167 0.1
Total votes 365,058 100.0
Republican hold

External links

District 2

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Mark Pocan Chad Lee
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 265,422 124,683
Percentage 67.9% 31.9%

Precinct results
Pocan:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Lee:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Tammy Baldwin
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Mark Pocan
Democratic

Democrat Tammy Baldwin, who represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district since 1999, ran for the U.S. Senate.[18]

Democratic primary

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Candidates

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Nominee
[edit]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]
Withdrawn
[edit]
Declined
[edit]

Results

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Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mark Pocan 43,171 72.2
Democratic Kelda Roys 13,081 21.9
Democratic Matt Silverman 2,365 4.0
Democratic Dennis Hall 1,163 1.9
none Scattering 46 0.1
Total votes 59,826 100.0

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Chad Lee, businessman and nominee for this seat in 2010[24]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Chad Lee 32,813 99.5
none Scattering 158 0.5
Total votes 32,971 100.0

General election

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 2nd Congressional District, 2012[2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mark Pocan 265,422 67.9
Republican Chad Lee 124,683 31.9
Write-In Joe Kopsick 6 0.0
none Scattering 787 0.2
Total votes 390,898 100.0
Democratic hold

District 3

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Ron Kind Ray Boland
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 217,712 121,713
Percentage 64.1% 35.8%

Kind:      50–60%      60–70%      70-80%
     80-90%      ≥90%
Boland:      50–60%      60–70%      ≥90%

U.S. Representative before election

Ron Kind
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Ron Kind
Democratic

Democrat Ron Kind, who has represented Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district since 1997, did not run for the U.S. Senate[26] and instead ran for re-election.[27]

Democratic primary

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Candidates

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Nominee
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Results

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Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ron Kind (Incumbent) 19,755 99.9
none Scattering 27 0.1
Total votes 19,782 100.0

Republican primary

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Candidates

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Nominee
[edit]
Withdrawn
[edit]
Declined
[edit]
  • Bruce Evers, financial adviser and candidate for this seat in 2010[29]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ray Boland 35,668 99.6
none Scattering 148 0.4
Total votes 35,816 100.0

General election

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 3rd Congressional District, 2012 [2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ron Kind (Incumbent) 217,712 64.1
Republican Ray Boland 121,713 35.8
none Scattering 339 0.1
Total votes 339,764 100.0

District 4

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 4th congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Gwen Moore Dan Sebring
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 235,257 80,787
Percentage 72.2% 24.8%

Precinct results
Moore:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Sebring:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      >90%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Gwen Moore
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Gwen Moore
Democratic

Democrat Gwen Moore, who had represented Wisconsin's 4th congressional district since 2005, ran for re-election.

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

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Nominee
[edit]

Results

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Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gwen Moore 34,525 99.7
none Scattering 115 0.3
Total votes 34,640 100.0

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
  • Dan Sebring, automobile repair shop owner and nominee for this seat in 2010[30]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Dan Sebring 19,144 99.0
none Scattering 200 1.0
Total votes 19,344 100.0

Independents

[edit]
  • Robert R. Raymond, perennial candidate[31]

General election

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 4th Congressional District, 2012 [2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gwen Moore (incumbent) 235,257 72.2
Republican Dan Sebring 80,787 24.8
Independent Robert R. Raymond 9,277 2.9
none Scattering 467 0.1
Total votes 325,788 100.0
Democratic hold

District 5

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 5th congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Jim Sensenbrenner Dave Heaster
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 250,335 118,478
Percentage 67.7% 32.1%

Precinct results
Sensenbrenner:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Heaster:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Jim Sensenbrenner
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Jim Sensenbrenner
Republican

Republican Jim Sensenbrenner, who has represented Wisconsin's 5th congressional district since 2003 (and previously represented Wisconsin's 9th congressional district from 1979 to 2003), ran for re-election.[32]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Sensenbrenner 89,370 99.4
none Scattering 535 0.6
Total votes 89,905 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Dave Heaster 9,266 99.9
none Scattering 13 0.1
Total votes 9,279 100.0

General election

[edit]

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 5th Congressional District, 2012 [2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Sensenbrenner (Incumbent) 250,335 67.7
Democratic Dave Heaster 118,478 32.1
none Scattering 851 0.2
Total votes 369,664 100.0
Republican hold

District 6

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 6th congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Tom Petri Joe Kallas
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 223,460 135,921
Percentage 62.1% 37.8%

Precinct results
Petri:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Kallas:      50–60%      60–70%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Tom Petri
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Tom Petri
Republican

Republican Tom Petri, who has represented Wisconsin's 6th congressional district since 1979, ran for re-election.

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]
  • Lauren Stephens, founder of a conservative political action committee.[34]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tom Petri (incumbent) 73,376 82.2
Republican Lauren Stephens 15,821 17.7
none Scattering 75 0.1
Total votes 89,272 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Kallas 11,285 99.8
none Scattering 18 0.2
Total votes 11,303 100.0

General election

[edit]

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 6th Congressional District, 2012 [2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tom Petri (Incumbent) 223,460 62.1
Democratic Joe Kallas 135,921 37.8
none Scattering 364 0.1
Total votes 359,745 100.0
Republican hold

District 7

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 7th congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Sean Duffy Pat Kreitlow
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 201,720 157,524
Percentage 56.1% 43.8%

Precinct results
Duffy:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Kreitlow:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Sean Duffy
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Sean Duffy
Republican

Republican Sean Duffy, who has represented Wisconsin's 7th congressional district since 2011, ran for re-election.[36]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sean Duffy 46,987 99.5
none Scattering 252 0.5
Total votes 47,239 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]
Declined
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Pat Kreitlow 16,053 99.9
none Scattering 19 0.1
Total votes 16,072 100.0

General election

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]
Sean Duffy (R)

Organizations

Polling

[edit]
Poll
source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Sean
Duffy (R)
Pat
Kreitlow (D)
Undecided
NMB Research (R-American Action Network)[40] September 30–October 1, 2012 400 ±4.9% 51% 40% 9%
Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates (D-Kreitlow)[41] September 25–26, 2012 509 ±4.4% 44% 41% 15%
Public Policy Polling (D-CREDO)[42] September 24–25, 2012 694 ±3.7% 48% 44% 7%

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[43] Lean R November 5, 2012
Rothenberg[44] Lean R November 2, 2012
Roll Call[45] Likely R November 4, 2012
Sabato's Crystal Ball[46] Lean R November 5, 2012
NY Times[47] Lean R November 4, 2012
RCP[48] Lean R November 4, 2012
The Hill[49] Tossup November 4, 2012

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 7th Congressional District 2012 [2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sean Duffy (Incumbent) 201,720 56.1
Democratic Pat Kreitlow 157,524 43.8
none Scattering 405 0.1
Write-In Dale C. Hehner 20 0.0
Total votes 359,669 100.0
Republican hold

District 8

[edit]
2012 Wisconsin's 8th congressional district election

← 2010
2014 →
 
Nominee Reid Ribble Jamie Wall
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 198,874 156,287
Percentage 56.0% 44.0%

Precinct results
Ribble:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Wall:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes

U.S. Representative before election

Reid Ribble
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Reid Ribble
Republican

Republican Reid Ribble, who has represented Wisconsin's 8th congressional district since 2011, ran for re-election.[50]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Republican primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Reid Ribble 64,689 99.6
none Scattering 251 0.4
Total votes 64,940 100.0

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
Nominee
[edit]

Results

[edit]
Democratic primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jamie Wall 11,513 99.8
none Scattering 19 0.2
Total votes 11,532 100.0

General election

[edit]

Polling

[edit]
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Reid
Ribble (R)
Jamie
Wall (D)
Undecided
Normington, Petts & Associates (D)[52] September 18–19, 2012 400 ±4.9% 47% 41% 12%

Endorsements

[edit]
Reid Ribble (R)

Organizations

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[43] Likely R November 5, 2012
Rothenberg[44] Safe R November 2, 2012
Roll Call[45] Safe R November 4, 2012
Sabato's Crystal Ball[46] Likely R November 5, 2012
NY Times[47] Lean R November 4, 2012
RCP[48] Likely R November 4, 2012
The Hill[49] Likely R November 4, 2012

Results

[edit]
Wisconsin 8th Congressional District, 2012 [2][3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Reid Ribble (Incumbent) 198,874 56.0
Democratic Jamie Wall 156,287 44.0
none Scattering 303 0.1
Total votes 355,464 100.0
Republican hold

External links

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Marley, Patrick (November 17, 2011). "Walker signs bills on partisan primary, nursing home penalties". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Wisconsin Government Accountability Board County by County Congress Seats" (PDF). State of Wisconsin Government Accountability Board. November 21, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Scatterings votes are included as they were reported to the Clerk of the House of Representatives"Election Statistics US House of Representatives - 2012". Karen Haas, Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. February 28, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  4. ^ Shear, Michael D. (May 17, 2011). "Paul Ryan Opts Out of Wisconsin Senate Run". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
  5. ^ Drucker, David M. (August 22, 2011). "Paul Ryan Won't Run for President". Roll Call. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Canvass Results for 2012 PARTISAN PRIMARY - 8/14/2012" (PDF). Wisconsin Government Accountability Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  7. ^ Taylor, Jessica (June 16, 2011). "The Big Get". National Journal. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  8. ^ Potente, Joe (August 18, 2012). "Libertarian to vie for Ryan's seat". Kenosha News. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  9. ^ Rucker, Philip; Balz, Dan (August 10, 2012). "Romney picks Paul Ryan as running mate". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  10. ^ Bauter, Alison (August 11, 2012). "Ryan to stay on ballot for re-election". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  11. ^ a b c d e Karen Hickey. "Wisconsin AFL-CIO Endorses Candidates for November 2012 Elections" (PDF). wisaflcio.typepad.com. Wisconsin AFL-CIO. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Election 2012: Boilermakers recommend candidates". boilermakers.org. International Brotherhood of Boilermakers. October 23, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "NALC-ENDORSED CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATES" (PDF). NALC. pp. 3–4. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  14. ^ a b c d "RED TO BLUE 2012". DCCC. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Candidates". boldprogressives.org. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  16. ^ Public Opinion Strategies (R-Ryan)
  17. ^ Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates (D-Zerban)
  18. ^ Glauber, Bill (September 6, 2011). "Tammy Baldwin enters race for open Senate seat". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
  19. ^ a b c Novak, Bill (May 8, 2012). "Worzala quits race for Congress". The Capital Times. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  20. ^ Spicuzza, Mary (September 7, 2011). "State Reps. Kelda Helen Roys, Mark Pocan to run for US Congress". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
  21. ^ Linscheid, Leah (November 29, 2011). "UW grad enters congressional race against Madison reps". The Badger Herald. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  22. ^ Van Egeren, Jessica (September 14, 2011). "Dane County treasurer enters race for Congress". The Capital Times. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  23. ^ Van Egeren, Jessica (September 27, 2011). "Erpenbach says he's not running for Baldwin's seat". The Capital Times. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  24. ^ "Chad Lee 'Leaps' Into Race". The Wheeler Report. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  25. ^ a b "2012 ELECTION ENDORSEMENTS" (PDF). Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  26. ^ Joseph, Cameron (September 15, 2011). "Rep. Kind did't run for Senate in Wisconsin". The Hill. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  27. ^ Lamoreaux, Kim (September 1, 2012). "Rep. Kind hears common themes; Congressman, who is losing Sauk County from district, visits Reedsburg". Reedsburg Times-Press. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  28. ^ Hubbuch, Chris (December 6, 2011). "Former Wis. Veterans secretary to challenge Kind". La Crosse Tribune. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  29. ^ a b Hubbuch, Chris (March 27, 2012). "Chippewa Falls veteran seeks to challenge Kind". La Crosse Tribune. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  30. ^ "Dan Sebring, Republican Candidate for 4th U.S. Congressional District". Shorewood, WI Patch. July 1, 2012. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  31. ^ "Robert R. Raymond". Wisconsin Vote. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  32. ^ Engelking, Carl (April 5, 2012). "Sensenbrenner Will Again Seek Re-election". Brookfield, WI Patch. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  33. ^ "Dave Heaster". Wisconsin Vote. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  34. ^ Ramde, Dinesh (August 3, 2012). "2nd, 6th House districts face primaries". WLUK-TV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 7, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  35. ^ Opoien, Jessica (February 27, 2012). "Democrat Joe Kallas to oppose Rep. Tom Petri in 6th Congressional District". Oshkosh Northwestern. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
  36. ^ "Duffy announces bid for reelection". WEAU-TV. August 9, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  37. ^ Kleefeld, Eric (April 25, 2011). "Sean Duffy Gets First Opponent Of 2012 Cycle". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  38. ^ Simonson, Mike (October 5, 2011). "Bewley won't challenge Duffy for congress". Superior Telegram. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  39. ^ a b "Candidates". electgoppatriots.org/. NRCC. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  40. ^ NMB Research (R-American Action Network)
  41. ^ Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates (D-Kreitlow)
  42. ^ Public Policy Polling (D-CREDO)
  43. ^ a b "The Cook Political Report — Charts – 2012 House Competitive Races". Cookpolitical.com. November 5, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
  44. ^ a b "House Ratings". Rothenbergpoliticalreport.com. November 2, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  45. ^ a b [1], as of November 4, 2012
  46. ^ a b Crystal Ball, as of November 5, 2012
  47. ^ a b House Race Ratings, The New York Times, as of November 4, 2012
  48. ^ a b [2], as of November 4, 2012
  49. ^ a b "House Ratings". The Hill. November 3, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  50. ^ Vinson, Michael Louis (August 26, 2011). "PACs help U.S. Rep. Reid Ribble, R-De Pere, amass campaign war chest". The Post-Crescent. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  51. ^ Vinson, Michael Louis (October 5, 2011). "Green Bay business consultant Jamie Wall first Democrat to enter race against Congressman Reid Ribble". The Post-Crescent. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  52. ^ Normington, Petts & Associates (D-Wall)
[edit]