1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
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 County results Randall: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Cross: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | |||||||||||||||||
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| Elections in Wisconsin |
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The 1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1857. After incumbent Governor Coles Bashford declined to seek re-election, Republican Party candidate Alexander Randall narrowly defeated Democratic candidate James B. Cross by a margin of just 118 votes.[1]
Richland County would not vote for a Democrat again until 1924, nor would Polk County until 1918 and Juneau County until 1892. Conversely, Marquette County would not vote for a Republican again until 1886.
Nominations
[edit]Republican party
[edit]Alexander W. Randall was a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Milwaukee prior to the 1857 gubernatorial election, having been appointed by the previous Governor, Coles Bashford. Randall had been an attorney for Governor Bashford in his challenge of the 1855 Wisconsin gubernatorial election results. Earlier, in 1846, Randall had been a delegate to the first Wisconsin constitutional convention and had successfully advocated for including a provision by which African American suffrage could be legalized via referendum. Randall served as a Democrat in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1855, but became a Republican later that year when he ran unsuccessfully for election to be Attorney General of Wisconsin.
Randall became a compromise choice for gubernatorial nominee at the 1857 Wisconsin Republican Convention after delegates became deadlocked between the two leading candidates, Edward Holton and Walter McIndoe.
Other candidates
[edit]- Edward D. Holton, of Milwaukee, had previously been a candidate for Governor in the 1853 election, running as an independent. Holton was a strident abolitionist and was well-connected to the Milwaukee elite as a businessman and banker.
- Walter D. McIndoe, of Wausau, had served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly representing the frontier northern counties of the state. McIndoe was a Scottish immigrant and worked in the lumber industry.
Democratic party
[edit]James B. Cross was the incumbent Mayor of Milwaukee at the time of the 1857 gubernatorial election, serving his third consecutive term in that role. He had also represented Milwaukee in the Wisconsin State Assembly for three terms. Cross was a lawyer and had previously served as a probate judge in Milwaukee County. He was a Wisconsin delegate to the 1856 Democratic National Convention.
James B. Cross was nominated on the third ballot at the Wisconsin Democratic Party Convention. He received 89 votes; Jairus C. Fairchild received 37; Francis Huebschmann received 14.[2]
Other candidates
[edit]- Jairus C. Fairchild, of Madison, had been the first State Treasurer of Wisconsin. He was also the first mayor of Madison after its incorporation as a city in 1856.
- Francis Huebschmann, of Milwaukee, was a physician and German American immigrant. He had served in the Wisconsin State Senate in the 1851 and 1852 sessions of the legislature, and was a member of the Milwaukee City Council and County Board.
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Alexander Randall | 45,059 | 50.03% | +0.17% | |
| Democratic | James B. Cross | 44,941 | 49.90% | −0.17% | |
| Scattering | 58 | 0.06% | |||
| Majority | 118 | 0.13% | |||
| Total votes | 90,058 | 100.00% | |||
| Republican hold | Swing | +0.35% | |||
Results by county
[edit]| County[3] | Alexander Randall Republican |
James B. Cross Democratic |
Scattering Write-in |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 397 | 60.33% | 261 | 39.67% | 0 | 0.00% | 136 | 20.67% | 658 |
| Bad Ax | 549 | 55.23% | 445 | 44.77% | 0 | 0.00% | 104 | 10.46% | 994 |
| Brown | 143 | 19.92% | 575 | 80.08% | 0 | 0.00% | -432 | -60.17% | 718 |
| Buffalo | 179 | 33.09% | 362 | 66.91% | 0 | 0.00% | -183 | -33.83% | 541 |
| Calumet | 361 | 42.52% | 488 | 57.48% | 0 | 0.00% | -127 | -14.96% | 849 |
| Chippewa | 70 | 21.47% | 256 | 78.53% | 0 | 0.00% | -186 | -57.06% | 326 |
| Clark | 59 | 60.20% | 39 | 39.80% | 0 | 0.00% | 20 | 20.41% | 98 |
| Columbia | 1,731 | 57.47% | 1,280 | 42.50% | 1 | 0.03% | 451 | 14.97% | 3,012 |
| Crawford | 278 | 43.17% | 366 | 56.83% | 0 | 0.00% | -88 | -13.66% | 644 |
| Dane | 2,668 | 47.30% | 2,959 | 52.46% | 14 | 0.25% | -291 | -5.16% | 5,641 |
| Dodge | 2,647 | 48.43% | 2,819 | 51.57% | 0 | 0.00% | -172 | -3.15% | 5,466 |
| Door | 39 | 50.65% | 38 | 49.35% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 1.30% | 77 |
| Douglas | 28 | 16.18% | 145 | 83.82% | 0 | 0.00% | -117 | -67.63% | 173 |
| Dunn | 204 | 64.76% | 111 | 35.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 93 | 29.52% | 315 |
| Eau Claire | 199 | 59.94% | 133 | 40.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 66 | 19.88% | 332 |
| Fond du Lac | 2,097 | 53.44% | 1,826 | 46.53% | 1 | 0.03% | 271 | 6.91% | 3,924 |
| Grant | 1,681 | 57.16% | 1,260 | 42.84% | 0 | 0.00% | 421 | 14.31% | 2,941 |
| Green | 1,156 | 58.15% | 832 | 41.85% | 0 | 0.00% | 324 | 16.30% | 1,988 |
| Iowa | 765 | 45.54% | 915 | 54.46% | 0 | 0.00% | -150 | -8.93% | 1,680 |
| Jackson | 336 | 50.91% | 324 | 49.09% | 0 | 0.00% | 12 | 1.82% | 660 |
| Jefferson | 1,804 | 51.32% | 1,711 | 48.68% | 0 | 0.00% | 93 | 2.65% | 3,515 |
| Juneau | 499 | 49.70% | 505 | 50.30% | 0 | 0.00% | -6 | -0.60% | 1,004 |
| Kenosha | 932 | 57.35% | 693 | 42.65% | 0 | 0.00% | 239 | 14.71% | 1,625 |
| Kewaunee | 51 | 22.27% | 178 | 77.73% | 0 | 0.00% | -127 | -55.46% | 229 |
| La Crosse | 684 | 44.19% | 861 | 55.62% | 3 | 0.19% | -177 | -11.43% | 1,548 |
| La Pointe | 0 | 0.00% | 43 | 100.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -43 | -100.00% | 43 |
| Lafayette | 758 | 35.79% | 1,360 | 64.21% | 0 | 0.00% | -602 | -28.42% | 2,118 |
| Manitowoc | 631 | 33.67% | 1,241 | 66.22% | 2 | 0.11% | -610 | -32.55% | 1,874 |
| Marathon | 197 | 48.52% | 209 | 51.48% | 0 | 0.00% | -12 | -2.96% | 406 |
| Marquette | 1,475 | 55.10% | 1,202 | 44.90% | 0 | 0.00% | 273 | 10.20% | 2,677 |
| Milwaukee | 2,248 | 28.81% | 5,531 | 70.89% | 23 | 0.29% | -3,283 | -42.08% | 7,802 |
| Monroe | 555 | 56.12% | 434 | 43.88% | 0 | 0.00% | 121 | 12.23% | 989 |
| Oconto | 160 | 46.24% | 186 | 53.76% | 0 | 0.00% | -26 | -7.51% | 346 |
| Outagamie | 416 | 42.06% | 573 | 57.94% | 0 | 0.00% | -157 | -15.87% | 989 |
| Ozaukee | 266 | 18.56% | 1,167 | 81.44% | 0 | 0.00% | -901 | -62.88% | 1,433 |
| Pierce | 306 | 64.15% | 171 | 35.85% | 0 | 0.00% | 135 | 28.30% | 477 |
| Polk | 111 | 41.89% | 154 | 58.11% | 0 | 0.00% | -43 | -16.23% | 265 |
| Portage | 571 | 53.62% | 494 | 46.38% | 0 | 0.00% | 77 | 7.23% | 1,065 |
| Racine | 1,752 | 54.68% | 1,452 | 45.32% | 0 | 0.00% | 300 | 9.36% | 3,204 |
| Richland | 538 | 46.95% | 608 | 53.05% | 0 | 0.00% | -70 | -6.11% | 1,146 |
| Rock | 3,425 | 67.71% | 1,633 | 32.29% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,792 | 35.43% | 5,058 |
| Sauk | 1,239 | 59.74% | 835 | 40.26% | 0 | 0.00% | 404 | 19.48% | 2,074 |
| Shawano | 15 | 20.27% | 59 | 79.73% | 0 | 0.00% | -44 | -59.46% | 74 |
| Sheboygan | 1,276 | 54.91% | 1,047 | 45.05% | 1 | 0.04% | 229 | 9.85% | 2,324 |
| St. Croix | 358 | 47.99% | 388 | 52.01% | 0 | 0.00% | -30 | -4.02% | 746 |
| Trempealeau | 164 | 75.23% | 54 | 24.77% | 0 | 0.00% | 110 | 50.46% | 218 |
| Walworth | 2,335 | 68.16% | 1,089 | 31.79% | 2 | 0.06% | 1,246 | 36.38% | 3,426 |
| Washington | 341 | 19.10% | 1,433 | 80.28% | 11 | 0.62% | -1,092 | -61.18% | 1,785 |
| Waukesha | 2,269 | 54.83% | 1,869 | 45.17% | 0 | 0.00% | 400 | 9.67% | 4,138 |
| Waupaca | 936 | 65.27% | 498 | 34.73% | 0 | 0.00% | 438 | 30.54% | 1,434 |
| Waushara | 978 | 77.25% | 288 | 22.75% | 0 | 0.00% | 690 | 54.50% | 1,266 |
| Winnebago | 2,058 | 59.00% | 1,430 | 41.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 628 | 18.00% | 3,488 |
| Wood | 124 | 52.77% | 111 | 47.23% | 0 | 0.00% | 13 | 5.53% | 235 |
| Total | 45,059 | 50.03% | 44,941 | 49.90% | 58 | 0.06% | 118 | 0.13% | 90,058 |
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
[edit]Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ There are two certificates from the Board of State Canvassers for the 1857 election. The second one includes additional votes from Adams County and Dodge County. These additional votes did not affect the final outcome, although the final result is significantly closer in the latter canvass and Cross wins Dodge County instead of Randall. The figures below are from the second canvass, including the additional votes.
References
[edit]- ^ Joint Committee on Legislative Organization, Wisconsin Legislature (2015). Wisconsin Blue Book 2015-2016. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Department of Administration. pp. 699–701. ISBN 978-0-9752820-7-6.
- ^ Tuttle, Charles R. (1875). An Illustrated History of the State of Wisconsin. B. B. Russell & Co. p. 341. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Historical Society, Tabular Statement Of the Votes polled for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Seceretary of State, Treasurer, Attorney General, State Superintendent, Bank Comptroller and State Prison Commissioner, at a General Election held in the several Counties in the State of Wisconsin on Tuesday succeeding the first Monday, being the 3rd day of November 1857