1934 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
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 County results La Follette: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Schmedeman: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Greene: 30–40% 40–50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Elections in Wisconsin |
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The 1934 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1934. Primary elections were held on September 18, 1934. Incumbent Democratic Governor Albert G. Schmedeman was defeated by Progressive nominee Philip La Follette.
As of 2022, this is the last time Green Lake County has voted for the Democratic nominee for governor. This is also the only gubernatorial election in which Waushara County did not vote for the Republican candidate.[a]
Background
[edit]With the onset of the Great Depression, Wisconsin's Republican factionalism had reached a breaking point, as Stalwarts and Progressives had grown increasingly estranged due to a growingly divergent outlook on the world. In 1928 the stalwarts had won the primary and nominated wealthy business leader Walter Kohler over Joseph Beck, defeating Madison mayor Albert Schmedemann. Two years later progressive scion Philip La Follette became governor, once again reasserting control of the party on the part of progressives. Despite taking several actions to curb the economic crisis, La Follette was unable to effectively articulate the achievements of his administration to primary voters, and with the factor of being outspent by the wealthy Kohler, went down in defeat in the primary, as Stalwarts once again retook control of the party. This time, in 1932, the Republicans went down in defeat against Schmedemann, who was propelled to victory by the election of New York governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
With this defeat, La Follette returned to his private life, but various factions within and beyond the Republican party began stirring for the formation of a new third party. This third party eventually culminated in the founding of the Wisconsin Progressive Party in 1934. After successfully suing the Secretary of State, La Follette and his supporters were able to hold a third party primary, and run under that label in the general election. Despite this, La Follette held reservations about running on the same ticket as his brother, Robert La Follette Jr., as he feared voters would reject "too much La Follette." In spite of this concern, he eventually threw his hat into the ring with tacit support from the Roosevelt administration.
Primary election
[edit]Democratic party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Richard F. Lehmann
- William B. Rubin, attorney[1] and unsuccessful candidate for Democratic nomination for governor in 1932[1]
- Albert G. Schmedeman, incumbent Governor
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Albert G. Schmedeman (inc.) | 166,001 | 74.72% | |
| Democratic | William B. Rubin | 41,985 | 18.90% | |
| Democratic | Richard F. Lehmann | 14,189 | 6.39% | |
| Total votes | 222,175 | 100.00% | ||
Republican party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Howard T. Greene, dairy farmer[4]
- James N. Tittemore, U.S. Marshal[4] and unsuccessful candidate for Republican nomination for governor in 1918 and 1920 and Independent candidate for U.S. Senate in 1926[4]
- Fred R. Zimmerman, former Governor
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Howard T. Greene | 84,020 | 56.45% | |
| Republican | Fred R. Zimmerman | 53,734 | 36.10% | |
| Republican | James N. Tittemore | 11,084 | 7.45% | |
| Total votes | 148,838 | 100.00% | ||
Progressive party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Philip La Follette, former Governor
- Henry O. Meisel, policeman[4]
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive | Philip La Follette | 154,454 | 95.36% | |
| Progressive | Henry O. Meisel | 7,520 | 4.64% | |
| Total votes | 161,974 | 100.00% | ||
Socialist party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- George A. Nelson, farmer and former Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly[7]
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socialist | George A. Nelson | 28,877 | 100.00% | |
| Total votes | 28,877 | 100.00% | ||
Other party nominations
[edit]- Morris Childs, Independent Communist, Communist Party district organizer[8][9][10][11]
- Joseph Ehrhardt, Independent Socialist Labor, Socialist Labor nominee for governor in 1928 and 1932
- Thomas W. North, Independent Prohibition, Prohibition nominee for Wisconsin's 1st congressional district in 1902
The Communist, Prohibition and Socialist Labor parties were forced to run candidates as independents, as they were not recognized as legal parties due to failing to poll the required number of votes in past primary elections.[12]
General election
[edit]Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive | Philip La Follette | 373,093 | 39.12% | ||
| Democratic | Albert G. Schmedeman (incumbent) | 359,467 | 37.69% | −14.79% | |
| Republican | Howard T. Greene | 172,980 | 18.14% | −23.73% | |
| Socialist | George A. Nelson | 44,589 | 4.68% | −0.39% | |
| Communist[b] | Morris Childs | 2,454 | 0.26% | −0.02% | |
| Prohibition[c] | Thomas W. North | 857 | 0.09% | −0.19% | |
| Socialist Labor[d] | Joseph Ehrhardt | 332 | 0.03% | +0.00% | |
| Scattering[e] | 25 | 0.00% | |||
| Majority | 13,626 | 1.43% | |||
| Turnout | 953,797 | 100.00% | |||
| Progressive gain from Democratic | Swing | ||||
Results by county
[edit]This was the only election between 1892 and 1966 in which Marinette County voted for the Democratic candidate. After this election, Marquette County would not vote Democratic again until 2002 and Fond du Lac County and Winnebago County would not do the same until 1982.
| County[13][14] | Philip La Follette Progressive |
Albert G. Schmedeman Democratic |
Howard T. Greene Republican |
George A. Nelson Socialist |
All Others Various |
Margin[f] | Total votes cast | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 1,469 | 50.03% | 924 | 31.47% | 513 | 17.47% | 28 | 0.95% | 2 | 0.07% | 545 | 18.56% | 2,936 |
| Ashland | 3,906 | 50.70% | 2,425 | 31.48% | 1,077 | 13.98% | 217 | 2.82% | 79 | 1.03% | 1,481 | 19.22% | 7,704 |
| Barron | 5,517 | 53.18% | 2,364 | 22.79% | 1,755 | 16.92% | 676 | 6.52% | 63 | 0.61% | 3,153 | 30.39% | 10,375 |
| Bayfield | 3,213 | 56.22% | 1,217 | 21.29% | 998 | 17.46% | 175 | 3.06% | 112 | 1.96% | 1,996 | 34.93% | 5,715 |
| Brown | 8,144 | 37.12% | 11,004 | 50.15% | 2,336 | 10.65% | 447 | 2.04% | 10 | 0.05% | -2,860 | -13.03% | 21,941 |
| Buffalo | 2,592 | 55.65% | 1,035 | 22.22% | 918 | 19.71% | 111 | 2.38% | 2 | 0.04% | 1,557 | 33.43% | 4,658 |
| Burnett | 1,938 | 50.10% | 1,147 | 29.65% | 623 | 16.11% | 133 | 3.44% | 27 | 0.70% | 791 | 20.45% | 3,868 |
| Calumet | 2,204 | 39.57% | 2,853 | 51.22% | 475 | 8.53% | 35 | 0.63% | 3 | 0.05% | -649 | -11.65% | 5,570 |
| Chippewa | 3,922 | 37.89% | 3,443 | 33.27% | 2,797 | 27.02% | 171 | 1.65% | 17 | 0.16% | 479 | 4.63% | 10,350 |
| Clark | 5,816 | 53.69% | 3,270 | 30.19% | 1,445 | 13.34% | 207 | 1.91% | 94 | 0.87% | 2,546 | 23.50% | 10,832 |
| Columbia | 5,354 | 40.65% | 4,199 | 31.88% | 3,553 | 26.98% | 60 | 0.46% | 5 | 0.04% | 1,155 | 8.77% | 13,171 |
| Crawford | 2,185 | 35.18% | 2,354 | 37.90% | 1,657 | 26.68% | 14 | 0.23% | 1 | 0.02% | -169 | -2.72% | 6,211 |
| Dane | 21,469 | 51.00% | 10,188 | 24.20% | 9,837 | 23.37% | 491 | 1.17% | 114 | 0.27% | 11,281 | 26.80% | 42,099 |
| Dodge | 7,378 | 41.28% | 7,517 | 42.06% | 2,599 | 14.54% | 363 | 2.03% | 14 | 0.08% | -139 | -0.78% | 17,871 |
| Door | 2,807 | 44.92% | 2,431 | 38.90% | 978 | 15.65% | 26 | 0.42% | 7 | 0.11% | 376 | 6.02% | 6,249 |
| Douglas | 9,045 | 47.91% | 6,254 | 33.12% | 3,278 | 17.36% | 162 | 0.86% | 142 | 0.75% | 2,791 | 14.78% | 18,881 |
| Dunn | 3,797 | 43.41% | 2,165 | 24.75% | 2,383 | 27.25% | 376 | 4.30% | 25 | 0.29% | 1,414[g] | 16.17% | 8,746 |
| Eau Claire | 4,957 | 38.45% | 4,379 | 33.97% | 3,381 | 26.23% | 169 | 1.31% | 5 | 0.04% | 578 | 4.48% | 12,891 |
| Florence | 645 | 38.17% | 528 | 31.24% | 417 | 24.67% | 93 | 5.50% | 7 | 0.41% | 117 | 6.92% | 1,690 |
| Fond du Lac | 7,315 | 36.22% | 8,980 | 44.46% | 3,734 | 18.49% | 122 | 0.60% | 47 | 0.23% | -1,665 | -8.24% | 20,198 |
| Forest | 1,828 | 49.35% | 1,411 | 38.09% | 417 | 11.26% | 36 | 0.97% | 12 | 0.32% | 417 | 11.26% | 3,704 |
| Grant | 5,040 | 37.83% | 3,734 | 28.03% | 4,490 | 33.70% | 35 | 0.26% | 24 | 0.18% | 550[g] | 4.13% | 13,323 |
| Green | 3,634 | 46.22% | 1,730 | 22.00% | 2,445 | 31.10% | 27 | 0.34% | 26 | 0.33% | 1,189[g] | 15.12% | 7,862 |
| Green Lake | 1,259 | 22.71% | 2,924 | 52.73% | 1,334 | 24.06% | 23 | 0.41% | 5 | 0.09% | -1,665 | -30.03% | 5,545 |
| Iowa | 3,515 | 46.80% | 1,793 | 23.87% | 2,148 | 28.60% | 15 | 0.20% | 39 | 0.52% | 1,367[g] | 18.20% | 7,510 |
| Iron | 1,957 | 49.46% | 1,491 | 37.68% | 354 | 8.95% | 14 | 0.35% | 141 | 3.56% | 466 | 11.78% | 3,957 |
| Jackson | 3,361 | 61.10% | 1,423 | 25.87% | 625 | 11.36% | 85 | 1.55% | 7 | 0.13% | 1,938 | 35.23% | 5,501 |
| Jefferson | 5,590 | 41.52% | 5,416 | 40.23% | 2,378 | 17.66% | 53 | 0.39% | 25 | 0.19% | 174 | 1.29% | 13,462 |
| Juneau | 3,358 | 48.58% | 2,353 | 34.04% | 1,155 | 16.71% | 39 | 0.56% | 8 | 0.12% | 1,005 | 14.54% | 6,913 |
| Kenosha | 8,562 | 39.30% | 7,961 | 36.55% | 4,093 | 18.79% | 1,042 | 4.78% | 126 | 0.58% | 601 | 2.76% | 21,784 |
| Kewaunee | 2,356 | 40.91% | 2,689 | 46.69% | 665 | 11.55% | 45 | 0.78% | 4 | 0.07% | -333 | -5.78% | 5,759 |
| La Crosse | 7,732 | 42.77% | 5,855 | 32.38% | 4,445 | 24.59% | 34 | 0.19% | 14 | 0.08% | 1,877 | 10.38% | 18,080 |
| Lafayette | 2,968 | 39.45% | 2,304 | 30.63% | 2,232 | 29.67% | 12 | 0.16% | 7 | 0.09% | 664 | 8.83% | 7,523 |
| Langlade | 2,445 | 31.86% | 3,824 | 49.83% | 1,288 | 16.78% | 74 | 0.96% | 43 | 0.56% | -1,379 | -17.97% | 7,674 |
| Lincoln | 3,480 | 44.10% | 2,434 | 30.84% | 1,645 | 20.84% | 317 | 4.02% | 16 | 0.20% | 1,046 | 13.25% | 7,892 |
| Manitowoc | 9,088 | 48.58% | 7,629 | 40.78% | 1,818 | 9.72% | 161 | 0.86% | 11 | 0.06% | 1,459 | 7.80% | 18,707 |
| Marathon | 8,917 | 45.21% | 7,146 | 36.23% | 3,006 | 15.24% | 640 | 3.25% | 13 | 0.07% | 1,771 | 8.98% | 19,722 |
| Marinette | 3,261 | 31.80% | 4,800 | 46.80% | 1,952 | 19.03% | 231 | 2.25% | 12 | 0.12% | -1,539 | -15.01% | 10,256 |
| Marquette | 1,140 | 31.65% | 1,273 | 35.34% | 1,169 | 32.45% | 15 | 0.42% | 5 | 0.14% | -104[h] | -2.89% | 3,602 |
| Milwaukee | 55,300 | 28.74% | 87,943 | 45.70% | 18,975 | 9.86% | 29,012 | 15.08% | 1,215 | 0.63% | -32,643 | -16.96% | 192,445 |
| Monroe | 5,065 | 52.16% | 2,567 | 26.44% | 1,929 | 19.87% | 130 | 1.34% | 19 | 0.20% | 2,498 | 25.73% | 9,710 |
| Oconto | 3,946 | 43.10% | 3,230 | 35.28% | 1,554 | 16.97% | 416 | 4.54% | 9 | 0.10% | 716 | 7.82% | 9,155 |
| Oneida | 3,184 | 49.43% | 2,140 | 33.22% | 708 | 10.99% | 401 | 6.22% | 9 | 0.14% | 1,044 | 16.21% | 6,442 |
| Outagamie | 8,184 | 38.68% | 9,085 | 42.94% | 3,643 | 17.22% | 238 | 1.12% | 9 | 0.04% | -901 | -4.26% | 21,159 |
| Ozaukee | 2,674 | 42.99% | 2,959 | 47.57% | 482 | 7.75% | 103 | 1.66% | 2 | 0.03% | -285 | -4.58% | 6,220 |
| Pepin | 1,104 | 37.78% | 1,041 | 35.63% | 725 | 24.81% | 37 | 1.27% | 15 | 0.51% | 63 | 2.16% | 2,922 |
| Pierce | 3,383 | 46.71% | 1,742 | 24.05% | 1,916 | 26.45% | 184 | 2.54% | 18 | 0.25% | 1,467[g] | 20.25% | 7,243 |
| Polk | 4,183 | 47.08% | 1,649 | 18.56% | 1,191 | 13.40% | 1,837 | 20.68% | 25 | 0.28% | 2,346[i] | 26.40% | 8,885 |
| Portage | 3,145 | 26.68% | 6,613 | 56.09% | 1,923 | 16.31% | 102 | 0.87% | 7 | 0.06% | -3,468 | -29.41% | 11,790 |
| Price | 3,192 | 50.18% | 1,963 | 30.86% | 986 | 15.50% | 155 | 2.44% | 65 | 1.02% | 1,229 | 19.32% | 6,361 |
| Racine | 9,023 | 32.08% | 13,293 | 47.26% | 4,934 | 17.54% | 676 | 2.40% | 204 | 0.73% | -4,270 | -15.18% | 28,130 |
| Richland | 1,876 | 27.04% | 1,787 | 25.75% | 3,170 | 45.68% | 80 | 1.15% | 26 | 0.37% | -1,294[j] | -18.65% | 6,939 |
| Rock | 6,838 | 28.52% | 9,167 | 38.24% | 7,846 | 32.73% | 87 | 0.36% | 37 | 0.15% | -1,321[h] | -5.51% | 23,975 |
| Rusk | 2,210 | 42.03% | 1,780 | 33.85% | 929 | 17.67% | 318 | 6.05% | 21 | 0.40% | 430 | 8.18% | 5,258 |
| Sauk | 5,950 | 45.91% | 3,420 | 26.39% | 3,316 | 25.59% | 178 | 1.37% | 96 | 0.74% | 2,530 | 19.52% | 12,960 |
| Sawyer | 1,377 | 36.54% | 1,639 | 43.50% | 708 | 18.79% | 32 | 0.85% | 12 | 0.32% | -262 | -6.95% | 3,768 |
| Shawano | 5,159 | 54.00% | 2,622 | 27.45% | 1,409 | 14.75% | 355 | 3.72% | 8 | 0.08% | 2,537 | 26.56% | 9,553 |
| Sheboygan | 7,159 | 32.17% | 10,217 | 45.91% | 3,966 | 17.82% | 876 | 3.94% | 35 | 0.16% | -3,058 | -13.74% | 22,253 |
| St. Croix | 4,010 | 42.04% | 3,236 | 33.92% | 2,042 | 21.41% | 237 | 2.48% | 14 | 0.15% | 774 | 8.11% | 9,539 |
| Taylor | 2,638 | 46.08% | 1,682 | 29.38% | 607 | 10.60% | 719 | 12.56% | 79 | 1.38% | 956 | 16.70% | 5,725 |
| Trempealeau | 4,478 | 53.42% | 2,549 | 30.41% | 1,291 | 15.40% | 50 | 0.60% | 14 | 0.17% | 1,929 | 23.01% | 8,382 |
| Vernon | 4,473 | 51.20% | 1,800 | 20.60% | 2,412 | 27.61% | 37 | 0.42% | 15 | 0.17% | 2,061[g] | 23.59% | 8,737 |
| Vilas | 1,488 | 39.62% | 1,634 | 43.50% | 546 | 14.54% | 36 | 0.96% | 52 | 1.38% | -146 | -3.89% | 3,756 |
| Walworth | 3,089 | 26.28% | 4,020 | 34.20% | 4,593 | 39.08% | 34 | 0.29% | 18 | 0.15% | -573[k] | -4.88% | 11,754 |
| Washburn | 2,507 | 62.19% | 757 | 18.78% | 723 | 17.94% | 33 | 0.82% | 11 | 0.27% | 1,750 | 43.41% | 4,031 |
| Washington | 4,940 | 46.94% | 3,997 | 37.98% | 1,465 | 13.92% | 120 | 1.14% | 3 | 0.03% | 943 | 8.96% | 10,525 |
| Waukesha | 6,692 | 32.68% | 9,009 | 43.99% | 4,387 | 21.42% | 363 | 1.77% | 27 | 0.13% | -2,317 | -11.31% | 20,478 |
| Waupaca | 6,001 | 48.63% | 3,201 | 25.94% | 2,982 | 24.17% | 147 | 1.19% | 8 | 0.06% | 2,800 | 22.69% | 12,339 |
| Waushara | 2,523 | 39.97% | 1,971 | 31.22% | 1,694 | 26.83% | 103 | 1.63% | 22 | 0.35% | 552 | 8.74% | 6,313 |
| Winnebago | 8,569 | 35.54% | 9,148 | 37.94% | 5,817 | 24.12% | 341 | 1.41% | 237 | 0.98% | -579 | -2.40% | 24,112 |
| Wood | 5,569 | 45.63% | 4,739 | 38.83% | 1,698 | 13.91% | 178 | 1.46% | 22 | 0.18% | 830 | 6.80% | 12,206 |
| Total | 373,093 | 39.12% | 359,467 | 37.69% | 172,980 | 18.14% | 44,589 | 4.67% | 3,668 | 0.38% | 13,626 | 1.43% | 953,797 |
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Progressive
[edit]- Adams
- Ashland
- Barron
- Bayfield
- Buffalo
- Burnett
- Chippewa
- Clark
- Columbia
- Dane
- Forest
- Grant
- Green
- Iowa
- Iron
- Jackson
- Jefferson
- Juneau
- Kenosha
- Lafayette
- Lincoln
- Manitowoc
- Marathon
- Monroe
- Oconto
- Oneida
- Pepin
- Polk
- Price
- Rusk
- Sauk
- Shawano
- St. Croix
- Taylor
- Trempealeau
- Vernon
- Washburn
- Washington
- Waupaca
- Wood
Counties that flipped from Republican to Progressive
[edit]Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Waushara County did vote for the Whig candidate in 1851 and the opposition (non-Democratic) candidate in 1853; both elections took place prior to the establishment of the Republican Party in 1854. Waushara County has never voted for a Democrat in a gubernatorial election, although it has done so four times in presidential elections.
- ^ "Independent Communist"
- ^ "Independent Prohibition"
- ^ "Independent Socialist Labor"
- ^ These are not listed in the Blue Book but are listed in the Board of Canvassers report.
- ^ All margins are La Follette over Schmedeman unless otherwise noted
- ^ a b c d e f La Follette's margin over Greene
- ^ a b Schmedeman's margin over Greene
- ^ La Follette's margin over Nelson
- ^ Greene's margin over La Follette
- ^ Greene's margin over Schmedeman
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Double Test For New Deal In Two States". The Daily Banner. Greencastle, Indiana. September 18, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Wisconsin Blue Book 1935, p. 543.
- ^ "WI Governor, 1934 - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "New Political Party Gets Test". The Daily Banner. Greencastle, Indiana. September 15, 1934. p. 4. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "WI Governor, 1934 - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "WI Governor, 1934 - PRG Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "Nelson To Be Speaker Here". The Rhinelander Daily News. Rhinelander, Wisconsin. October 31, 1934. p. 2. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "Kenosha Workers Hold Lenin Meeting". The daily worker. Chicago, Ill. January 18, 1934. p. 6. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "Communists Name Full State Ticket". Marshfield News-Herald. Marshfield, Wisconsin. July 2, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "Milwaukee Will Hold State Campaign Rally". The daily worker. Chicago, Ill. August 9, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "State Communists Prepare For Battle". The Daily Tribune. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. December 14, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ "16 Candidates Seeking Offices As Independents Represent Communist, Social Labor, Prohibition Parties in November Election". La Crosse Tribune And Leader Press. La Crosse, Wisconsin. October 11, 1934. p. 8. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers - Election of State Officers - November 6, 1934
- ^ a b The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1935). "Summary Vote For Governor By Counties". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1935. Madison, Wisconsin: Democrat Printing Company. p. 613.
Bibliography
[edit]- Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. ISBN 1-56802-396-0.
- Ohm, Howard F.; Bryhan, Leone G., eds. (1935). The Wisconsin Blue Book, 1935. Madison, Wisconsin: Democrat Printing Company, State Printer.