Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 58

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 58 running from name Ubaldini to name Wakefield.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 58 Ubaldini - Wakefield. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

1

YPetruccio Ubaldini^[1]
Uchtred^[2]^{[disambiguation needed]}
Uchtryd^[3]
Ephraim Udall^[4]
John Udall^[5]^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}
YNicholas Udall^[6]
YJohn de Ufford^[7]
Ralph de Ufford^[8]
Robert de Ufford^[9]
Robert de Ufford^[10]
William de Ufford^[11]

2

Anthony Ughtred^[12]
Thomas Ughtred^[13]
YUtred^[14]
YUhtred (Benedictine theologian)^[15]
Philip de Ulecot^[16]
Ulfcytel [dab page eventually] → Ulfcytel Snillingr ^[17]
YWilliam Bernard Ullathorne^[18]
YRichard Ullerston^[19]
Earls of Ulster^[20]
YUltan^[21]

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51 Notes

^ Petruccio Ubaldini (1524?–1600?), illuminator and scholar; native of Tuscany; came to England, 1545; employed by Henry VIII in Italy: employed by Edward VI; accompanied the English forces into Scotland, 1649; wrote a description of England, 1551; resided in Venice, f. 1552-62; resided in England, c. 1562-86; published, 1681, Vita dl Carlo Magno the first Italian book printed in England; went to the Low Countries, 1586; wrote narrative of the Spanish Armada, 1588: published lives of illustrious English and Scottish ladies, 1591; published accounts of Rome, Naples, and Tuscany, 1594 and 1597; published Rime 1596; works illuminated by him in British Museum Library.
^ Uhtred
^ Uchtryd (the Welsh form of Uhtred) (d. 1148), bishop; a Welshman; archdeacon of Llandaff, c. 1126; elected bishop of Llandaff, 1134, and consecrated, 1140; traditional uncle of Geoffrey of Mouniouth tq. v.
^ Bphraim Udall (d. 1647), royalist divine; son of John Udall; M.A, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1614; incumbent of Twldington, 1G15: rector of St Augustine's, Watling Street, London, 1634; a puritan, bat ejected by parliament for defending episcopacy, 1643; published theological tracts.
^ John Udall or Uvedale (1560?–1592), puritan; entered Cambridge University, 1578; M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, 1684; friend and fellow-student of John Penry; Incumbent of Kingston-on-Thames before 1584; published sermons, 1584-6; prosecuted for hostility to episcopacy, 1586; conferred with Penry, 1587; published anonymously, through Robert Waldegrave's press, The State of the Church andA Demonstration against the bishops, 1588: deprived of his benefice, July 1588; preacher at Newcastle-ou-Tyne, December 1588; imprisoned on suspicion of complicity in Penry's Mar-Prelate tracts, January 1590; sentenced to death, 1591; pardoned, June 1592, but died soon after. His commentary on the Lamentations of Jeremiah and Hebrew grammar and dictionary appeared posthumously, 1593.
^ Nicholas Udall or Uvedale (1505–1556), dramatist and scholar; a native of Hampshire; scholar of Winchester College, 1517; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1520; fellow, 1524; suspected of Lutheranism, 1526: M.A., 1534; published selections from Terence, with English version, 1533; head-master of Eton, 1534; a flogging master; dismissed for misconduct, 1541; perhaps had hisRalph Roister Doister (printed, 1566), the earliest known English comedy, acted by Eton boys before 1541; vicar of Braintree, 1537-44; published an English version of part of Erasmus'sApophthegms 1542, and took part in the English version of Erasmus's Paraphrase of the New Testament published, 1648; employed by Edward VI to reply to the Devonshire catholics, 1549; translated Peter Martyr's discourse on the Lord's Supper, 1550, and Thomas Gemini's 'Anatomia 1552; prebendary of Windsor, 1551; rector of Calborne, Isle of Wight, 1553; received into favour by Queen Mary and Stephen Gardiner: play-writer to Queen Mary, 1554; head-master of Westminster School, 1551 G.
^ John de Ufford (d. 1349). See Offord
^ Sir Ralph de Ufford (J. 1346) lord justice of Tn-lai.,1, Km.
^ Kohkrt Dk Tjfford (d. 1898), younger son of Suffolk landowner,.1,,,n; took bin mirname from his Innl-li.p.,! Uffonl. Suffolk: attended ) .iisu.lt-; loni -viand, 127C Roscoinmon Castle.
^ Earl of Suffolk .. i::i8; knighted; attended . ..-. i movement against Mortimer, 1330; reHIM! office*: summoned M a baroti, 1332; :i.hi.-f counsellor of Edward III: erred a* Scott, 1335-7; created Earl of Suffolk, 1837: envoy to France, 1337, 1S38; In attendance on Edwanl III in Brabant, 1839; taken prisoner near Lille, and ransomed, ;.: served in Brittany, 1343; envoy to Pope Clement VI at Avignon, 1343: admiral of tbe northern fleet, 1844-7; accompanied Edwanl III to Prance, 1346: fought at Crecy, 1846: a com i mil with the French, 1348-60: fought Spanish off WincheUwa, 1360: accompanied Black 1 litaine, 1356: led raids into French territory, 1355-6; distinguislied himself at Poitiers, 135C; employed ou embattles up to IMS: removed Leiston Abbey to a uew site, 1868.
^ William De Utforjd , second Earl of of his house (1339 7-1382), second sou of Robert de Ufford, earl of Suffolk; summoned as a baron, 1364: succeeded to earldom, 1369: nerved in France, 1370: accompanied John of Gaunt through France, 1373; K.6., 1375: opposed John of Gaunt in the Good parliament, 1376; employed under Richard II in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1377: served in France and Brittany, 1377-8, and in Scotland, 1880: sought by the revolted Norfolk peasants to be their leader, June 1381: employed in suppressing the rising, June-August, 1381: took a leading part against John of Gaunt, October 1381. The title died with him, aud the estates lapsed to the crown.
^ Sir Anthony Ughtred (d. 1634), soldier; marshal of Touraay, 1514; captain of Berwick, 1523-8; governor of Jersey.
^ Sir Thomas Ughtred, styled Baron Ughtred (1291?-1365), succeeded to his estates in Yorkshire, 1309; served at the siege of Berwick, 1319; M.P., Yorkshire, 1320, 1330, and 1332; supported Edwanl II against Thomas of Lancaster, 1322; knighted, 1324: accompanied Edward Baliol in his invasion of Scotland, 1332; made barou of Inuerwick by Baliol; covered Baliol's retreat, 1334; governor of Perth, 1338, but surrendered, 1339; served in France, 1340, 1347, 1360: said to have been summoned as a peer, 1343-64, but was probably only knight of the shire for Yorkshire, 1344 and 1352.
^ Uhtred or Uchtred (d. 1016), Earl of Northumbria; helped Bishop Kaldhnn to fix his see at Durham, 995: married Ecgfrida, Ealdhun's daughter; defeated an invasion of the Scots under Malcolm II, 1006: received his father's earldom from Ethelred II; married Ethelred's daughter Aelfgifu; submitted to King Sweyn, 1013; resisted Canute, 1015-10; Main by Canute's order.
^ Uhtred, Utred or Owtred (1315?–1396), Benedictine theologian; called also John Utred, and (from his birthplace, Boldon, North Durham) Uhtred Boledunus or Bolton; entered the Benedictine order, 1332 sent to London, 1337, to Oxford, 1340, to Stamford, 1344, and again to Oxford before 1347; said to be B.D.. 1354, aud D.D., 1357; attacked the friars; prior of Finchule Abbey, 1367, and afterwards: sub-prior of Durham, 1368 and 1381; envoy to Pope Gregory XI, 1373; attended the great council at Westminster, 1374: in Oxford, 1383; published monastic and religious treatises.
^ Philip de Ulecot (. 1220), judge; constable of Oliiuou, 1205: ransomed from the French, 1207: one of King John's evil counsellors: sheriff of Northumberland; employed by King John to bold the north for him; continued in office by Henry III; a justice itinerant in the north, 1219.
^ Ulfcytel or Ulfketel (rf. 1016), earl of the Ancles; made peace with King Sweyn. lum; .: I.,...-:.-.-.,.,...
^ William Bernard Ullathorne nt, V 1 man catholic prelate: son of a York, -. s m. mSK BOTH: tb ..,.-,to M . ! .-,..!... - 1 .. orwntry, IMI.. ..:.,: ,-V:,l...:, V .1.,, 1 f west England, 1846; tr : - dot, !-.- i,.,;,..f i: M v at* KWB..; Wj wrote and agitated against MWwiU, {. EOI EUBOl. 14J.-:, 1.1391-1403; tracts and ooounonal pamphlets.
^ Richard Ullerston (d. 1423), theological writer; 1896-7; DJ) M 1394; prebendary of Salisbury, 1401; of Beeford, 1407; chancellor of Oxford University, 1408.
^ Kaulh Ok Ulster . See Corn- Hugh de Lacy, d. 1242?: RUUOH. WALTER DK, called of Ui Earl .STKK. . ' iu DK, second E.UIL of the Burgh family, 18697-1326; BCRUII. VM.I.IAM DK, third KAHU 1312-1332; LIO.VKL ov ANTWKRF, .rat (VI i i.K, 1374-1398; MUUIIMKK, KIIMI.-MI (IV) I.K, 1391-1425.
^ Ultan (d. 666), of Anlnrecain; Irish saint; tribal bishop of central Meath; commemorated on 4 Sept.
^ Umfraville (JILHEUT DE, EARL or AJtOTO (1244 V-1307), sou of Matilda, heiress of tbe Celtic earto of Angus, and of Gilbert de Umfraville (d. 1246); of a 'revllle, " Norman stock (originally from Amfr Eure) long settled at Redesdale, Northumberland; ward of Simon de Moutfort, and compelled to side with him in the baronswan; fought against the barons, It64: styled J-irl of Angus, c. 1367; summoned to tbe English parlia: -rally as Gilbert de Umfraviue, and to the Scottish parliament: accepted Edward I as arbiter of Scotland, 1291; accepted John Baliol as king of Scotland. 1392: served in Gascony, 1294: fought for Edward I against Baliol and Wallace, 1296-8.
^ Gilbert De Umfeaville (1310–1381). son of Robert de Umfraville, earl of Angus; sum mono! to tbe English parliament as Earl of Angus; joined Edward Baliol In his attempt on Scotland, 1883-4: fought at Neville's Cross, 1846: entailed Redesdale on his naifbrother, 1378.
^ Gilbert Db Umfraville (1390–1431), popularly styled Earl of Kyme *: sou of Sir Tbonuw de Umfraville ( 13C2-1391), eldest son of Sir Thomas de Umfravllle : inherited, 1391. Harbottle and Redesdate, and Kyme In Kesteven: a royal ward in charge successively of his uncle, Robert de Umfraville (rf. I486), of Hotspur, and, 1403, of George Dunher, earl of March; came of age and was knighted, 14 ID: went to help Philip of Burgundy, 1411; served at Calais, 1413: fought In Henry V's French wars, 1416-19: granted AmfrertBe and other Norman estates; envoy to the French court, 1419; accompanied Henry V to Paris, 1430; marsliol of France, 1421; killed in battle at Bauge.
^ Robert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus (1277-1325), son of Gilbert de Umfraville, earl of Angus q. v.; succeeded, 1307; fought for Edward II against the Soote and tbe barons; taken prisoner at Bannockburn, 1314, and deprived of his Scottish title and estates; married tbe heiress of Kyme, Lincolnshire.
^ Robert de Umfraville (d. 14S6), younger son of Sir Thomas de Umfravllle; constantly engaged in border warfare with the Scots; nicknamed Robin Mcndmarkot; sheriff of Northumberland: inherited Redesdale and Kyme from his nephew, Gilbert de Umfraville (1390-1421); last of the male line of the Umfravilles of Redesdale, Iviii. 36)
^ Sir Thomas de Umfraville (d. 1386), half-brother of Gilbert de Umfraville (1310-1381), from whom he inherited Redesdale and Kyme.
^ Robert Ummarcote (d. 1241). See Somercotes.
^ Fanny Umpbelby (1788–1852), author of 'The Child's Guide to Knowledge 1825.
^ Thomas Underdown (fl. 1566–1587), poet and translator; published The excellent Historye of Theseus and Ariadne 1566, Heliodorus's Ethiopian Historie, 1569, and Ovid against Ibis with an appendix of legends, 1569.
^ Gave Underhill (1634–1710?), actor : son of a London clothworker; entered Merchant Taylors School, 1645; a leading member of the Duke of York's company, 1661, of the joint company, 16H2; a principal player of comic parts, 1661-1702; appeared occasionally, 1704-10.
^ Edward Underhill (. 1539–1562), the 'hot gospeller'; occurs as a gentleman pensioner, 1539-62; served in Hainault, 1543, and France, 1544; a forward protestant in Edward VI's reign; served at Boulogne, 1549; imprisoned for a lampoon on Queen Mary, 1553.
^ John Underhill (1545?–1592), bishop of Oxford; at Winchester School, 1556; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1561-76; M.A., 1568; chaplain to Dudley, earl of Leicester; rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, by Leicester's influence, 1577-90; D.D., 1581; after other benefices, rector of Witney, 1587; bishop of Oxford, 1589-92.
^ John Underhill (d. 1672), colonist; of a Warwickshire family; served in the Netherlands, and, 1G25, against Cadiz; taken as military instructor to New England, 1630; joint-leader against the Peqnot Indians, 1637; governor of Dover colony, Piscataqua; served the Dutch against the Indians in New Netherlands, 1643, and resided in other colonies.
^ Michael Underwood (1736–1820), man-midwife; studied in London and Paris: practised in London as a surgeon, and, from 1784, as man-midwife; published surgical treatises.
^ Sir Henry Unton or Umpton (1557?–1596), diplomatist and soldier; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1590; entered Middle Temple, 1575; travelled in France and Italy; M.P., New Woodstock, 1584-5; served in the Low Countries, 1585-6; knighted, 1586; envoy to Henry IV of France, 1591-2; M.P., Berkshire, 1593; envoy to France, 1695; died at La Fere; part of his official despatches published.
^ Mary (1724–1796), the friend of Cowper ; nie Cawtborne; married Morley Unwiu, 1744; resided hi Huntingdon, 1748; took William Cowper, the poet, as a boarder, October 1765; widowed, July 1767; took Oowper with her to Olney, September 1767, and to Weston, 1786; a marriage with Cowper projected in 1772 stopped by his insanity.
^ William Cawthorne Unwin (1745?-1786), correspondent of Oowper: eldest son of Mary Unwin q. v.; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1767; rector of Stock, 1769.
^ Unwona (d. 800?), sixth bishop of Leicester; succeeded, c. 781; reputed a Welshman and a scholar.
^ William Upcott (1779–1845), antiquary and autograph collector; natural son of Ozias Humphry , who bequeathed him his correspondence, engravings, etc.; assistant-librarian of the London Institution, 1808-34; his collections sold by auction, 1846; published a catalogue of his papers, 1836, and a bibliography of English topography, 1818; edited antiquarian works.
^ Edward Upbam (1776–1834), orientalist, bookseller in Exeter; mayor of Exeter, 1809; chief works, The History and Doctrine of Buddhism 1829, History of the Ottoman Empire from Its Establishment till the year 1828 1829, and a translation of the sacred and historical books of Ceylon, 1833.
^ Sir Thomas Upinoton (1846–1898), South African statesman; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1868; an Irish barrister. 1867; settled in Cape Colony, 1874; attorneygenerai there, 1878-81, 1886-90, 1896-8; premier, 1884-6; K.O.JU}., 1887; judge of the supreme court, 1892-6.
^ Ossory Upper , LOUD OF (1535?-1581). See FlTZPATRICK, SlH BARNABY.
^ Arthur Upton (1623–1706), Irish presbyterian ; a royalist; refused the Engagement; sat in the Irish parliament successively for Oarrickfergus and co. Antrim, 1661-1701: raised a foot regiment for William III;:it . tainted by James II's Irish parliament, 1689.
^ James Upton (1670–1749), schoolmaster; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1701; assistant-master at Eton; taught school at Ilminster, 1724-30; master of Taunton grammar school, 1730-49; beneflced in Somerset, 1711-49; edited classical texts, including Theodore Gulston's Latin version of Poetics of Aristotle (1623), 1696.
^ John Upton (1707–1760), editor of Spenser; younger son of James Upton; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1728-36; M.A., 1732; beneficed in Somerset and Gloucestershire; edited Spenser's Faerie Queen 1758.
^ Nicholas Upton (1400?-1457), writer on heraldry: at Winchester School, 1408; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1415; B.C.L.; a soldier in France; present at the siege of Orleans, 1428; perhaps B Oan.L. Oxford, 1438; held cathedral preferment at Wells, 1431, I St. Paul's, London, 1443, and Salisbury, 1446; rector successively of Chedsey, Stapylford, and Farleigh; solicited ! at Borne the canonisation of Bishop Osmund (d. 1099) 1, 1452-3; compiled a large treatisede officio militari (printed, 1654).
^ Upton Sm NICHOLAS (d. 1551), knight of St. John of Malta; killed by sunstroke while defending Malta against the Turks.
^ Sir Thomas Urchard (1611–1660). See URQUHART
^ Andrew Ure (1778–1857), chemist and scientific writer; educated at Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities; M.D. Glasgow, 1801; professor of chemistry in Anderson's College, Glasgow, 1804-30; director of Glasgow Observatory, 1809; inaugurated popular scientific lectures; F.R.S., 1822; analytical chemist in London, 1830-57: published 'Dictionary of Chemistry 1821,Dictionary of Arts, I Manufactures, and Mines 1853, and other works.
^ David Ure (d. 1798), geologist; a Glasgow weaver ; M.A. Glasgow, 1776; assistant-minister at East Kilbrlde: minister of Uphall, 1796-8; published geological tracts, 1793-7.
^ Joannes Uri (1726–1796), orientalist; born at Kbros, Hungary; studied at Leyden; edited a Hebrew etymology and the Burda (Arabic poem), 1761; resided in Oxford, 1766-96; compiled a defective Catalogue of Bodleian Oriental MSS. 1787; edited Persian, Turkish, and Hebrew pieces.
^ Urien (. 570), British prince ; historically ' Urbgen,' prince of part of North Britain; slain in battle with the Northumbrian Angles (appendix to NENNIUS, c. 690); mythologically he appears in Malory as King Vryeus of the land of Goire (Gower, according to Glamorganshire antiquaries).
^ David Urquhart (1805–1877), diplomatist; educated in France, Geneva, and Spain, 1817-21: at Oxford, 1822; travelled in the East; served in Greek navy, 1827-8: surveyed Greek frontier, 1830; attached to Sir Stratford Canning's Constantinople mission, 1831-2; sent to Con! stantinople to report on British trade, 1834; secretary of embassy at Constantinople, 1836; recalled, 1837, for hostility to Russia; M.P., Stafford, 1847-52; a bitter oppoi nent of Palmereton; wrote and agitated in favour of Turkish autonomy; withdrew, in ill heath, to Montreux, Switzerland, 1864; published notes of travel and political and diploma tical papers; died at Naples.
^ Thomas Urquhart (. 1650?), violin-maker; of London.
^ Sir Thomas Urqubart or Urchard (1611-1660), of Cromarty; author and translator; eldest son of Sir Thomas Urquhart; of King's College, Aberdeen; travelled in France, Spain, and Italy; fought at Turriflf against the Covenanters, 1639; withdrew to London, May 1639; knighted, 1641; publishedEpigrams 1641; returned to Scotland to arrange his affairs, 1642; went ioro:v 1 1 r, 2 s:, n.otetras a trigonometrical . aim CuarUs II. 1641*: fo. arU*H K. Vorce*whre inauy of hi* maim the parliamentarians, 1U61 :n*n,T in the IA rnf Im.l.iii..:. l )l b l 1 "-::..-ro;poi*ai). l'5l, iili.1:m:n,,::,, Kr7,.toaAvpoO against Scottish inns, 16&2; visited Scotland on parole, 1662-3; 1 scheme for a universal language in bis Logo. fl'v'M IMS. and part of hu translation of Kabe lots, 1653: died abroad. A furth.-r i-.rtion of Rabelais V_H- print,l. 10M; his mlsceUdiieoas works were collected. 1 134. MIL 461
^ John Urry or Hurry, (it. 1650), professional i'h.-r;..I I'itri.-hii-. AtM-ntaenshira: served abroad: lieutenant-colonel in Scotland; solicited to join, but fought at Marston Moor, 1644; surrendered to the parliament, but was soon released on parole, 1644; attached himself to the Scottish army: sent, with William Balllie, against Montrose, March 1645; routed at Auklcarn. May 1648; went back to the royalists; accompanied Hamilton's army to Preston, 1648; escaped to the continent; major-general in Moutrose's descent, January 1660; taken prisoner at Carbisdale; beheaded at Edinburgh.
^ John Urry (1666–1715), editor of Chaucer: student of Christ Church, Oxford: BJU 1686; a nonjuror, 1689; undertook to edit Chaucer, 1711; tampered with the text; his edition completed bj others and publUhed, 1711.
^ Urse D'Abetot(. 1086) sheriff of Worcestershire: occurs in Domesday as a great landowner in Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford, and Warwick; oppressed Worcester, Pershore, and Kveaham monasteries; reputed founder of Malvern priory; helped to crush the Earl of Hereford's revolt, 1074. The estates passed, through a daughter, to the Beauchamp family.
^ Saint Ursula (J. 238, or 283, or 451 X patroness of virgins; described as only daughter of Deonotus, a British priuce; sailed with ten virgin companions and eleven thousand virgin attendant* to Cologne: visited Home; massacred at Cologne on her return, with her company, by the Huns. The legend occurs in the eighth century, was developed in the twelfth century, and popularised by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The Ursuline nun?, named after her, were founded in 1537. Many attempts have been made to get rid of the difficulties involved in the number eleven thousand, culnmmting in Rcttberg's conjecture that XI.M.V. (meaningeleven martyred virgins was Iviii. misread eleven thousand virgins
^ Christopher Urswick (1448-1522), diplomatist and churchman; educated at Cambridge; LL.D.; confessor to Lady Margaret Beaufort, and to Henry VII: negotiated the marriage treaty between Henry (then Earl of Richmond) and Elizabeth of York, 1484; accompanied Henry to England, 1486: master of Kintr's Hall, Cambridge, 1485-8; envoy to Pope Innocent VIII, I486, to Castile, 1488, to France, 1489 and 1492, to Scotland, 1492 and 1493, to the king of the Romans, 1496: dean of York, 1488-91; dean of Windsor, 1496-1522; rector of Hackney, London, 1602-22: held much cathedral and parochial preferment; friend of Erasmus.
^ Sir Thomas Urswick (d. 1479) judge: Yorkist; re. -order of Ixindou, 1155; M.P., London, 1461 ami 1467; lulmittal Edward IV to London, 1471; knighted, 1471; chief-baron of the exchequer, 1472.
^ Thomas Urwick (1727–1807), independent divine ; of Glasgow University: pastor in Worcester, 1754-76, Nurborough, 1776-9, and Clapham, 1779-1807: published sermon*.
^ William Urwick (1791–1868). congregational divine; pastor at Sligo, 1816-26, and in Dublin, 1826-68; D.D. Connecticut, 1832; professor in the Dublin Theological Institute, 1832; published biographies of congregational worthies, autobiographical notes, hymns, and controversial pamphlets.
^ Uscytel or Usketillus (d. 971). See Oskytel.
^ Jamb Usher (1720–1771), schoolmaster; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; embraced Romansim; failed as a farmer, and as a linen draper in Dublin; kept a school for Roman Catholic youth aqt Kensington, 1767-72; published philosophical essays, 1764-71.
^ Richard Usher (1785–1843), clown; son of a j nttvaai.:.-..:..,.. i riviii &fti
^ Adam of Usk (fl.–1400). See Adam.
^ Thomas Usk (d. 1188), author of The Testament of Love, formerly ascribed to Chaucer; native of London; private secretary to John de Northampton q. v. U, the Wycliffite lord mayor of London. 1381-3; prisoner in Newgate, 1384; procured his pardon by turning informer against his patron; under-sheriff of London, by Richard II's mandate, October 1387; proceeded against by the Merciless parliament, February 1388: executed. The Testament of Love* is an allegorical prose work, written by Usk in prison to enlist sympathy printed as Chaucer's, 1681; the Chaucerian attribution disproved, 1866).
^ Ambrose Ussher (1581?–1619), scholar; M.A. and fellow of Trinity College. Dublin, 1601; his manuscript compilations, biblical. Hebrew, Arabic, and mathematical, in Trinity College Library.
^ Henry Ussher (1560?–1613), archbishop of Armagh: native of Dublin: educated at Cambridge (B.A., 1570), Paris, and Oxford (M.A., 1671); treasurer of Christ Church, Dublin, 1673; archdeacon of Dublin. 1580: sent to London to oppose a proposed university in Dublin, 1684: sent to London to solicit the foundation of Trinity College, Dublin, 1691: obtained the charter, 1691; archbishop of Armagh, 1596-1613.
^ Henry Ussher (d. 1790), astronomer: fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1764; D.D., 1779; professor of astronomy. 1783: F.1LS M 1786; started Dunsink observatory, Dublin; published astronomical papers.
^ James Ussher (1581–1656), archbishop of Armagh: sou of a Dublin lawyer: scholar of Trinity College, Dublin, 1694, at its foundation: fellow. 1599-1605; M.A., 1601: lay preacher at Christ Church, Dublin: sent to England to buy books for Trinity College Library, 1602; chancellor of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and rector of Finglas, 1606; professor of divinity, Dublin. 1607-11; rector of Assey, 161 1-26: published his first work, De... Ecclesiarum... Successione 1613: D.D., 1614; drafted the Irish convocation articles, 1615; vice-chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, 1617; rector of Trim, 162O: bishop of Meath, 1621; resided in England, studying. 1613-6; archbishop of Armagh, 1616: Incorporated D.D. at Oxford, 1626: defended the catholic penaflaws, 16281627: corresponded with Laud, 1618-40; discountenanced Bishop William Bedell's idea of reviving the Irish language in the service, 1629; accepted, at Stratford's command, the Enpli?h Thirty-nine Articles, but rejected the 1604 Anglican canons in favour of now Irish canons, 1634; drafted a scheme of modified episcopacy ac to the puritans (printed without his leave, 1641); with Charles I not to sacrifice Strafford: bishop of Carlisle in eommendam, February 1641 to autumn 1643; voted a pension by parliament, September 1643 (first payment made, December 1647); objected to the Westminster Assembly, 1643; preacher at Lincoln's Inn. 1647; offered a pension by Richelieu, e. 1649; buried in Westminster Abbey; hi* library bought by the state. 1656, and placed in Trinity Collage, Dublin, 1661; hia chronology still the standard adopted in editions ofthe English bible; learned in patristic literature and ancient Irish history; collected works published, 1847-64.
^ Robert Ussher (1592–1642), Irish bishop; son of Henry Dasher (1550?-1643); fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1611; B.D., 1611; elected provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1617, buiekotkm annulled: rector of Lurgan, 1619; provost of Trinity 1630-4; bishop of Kildare, 1635-42.
^ Sir Thomas Ussher (1779–1848), rear-admiral; -her ((. 1790): entered uiivy, 17M: lieutenant, 17H7: commander. IHoG; captain, 1m is; el Napoleon from Frejus to Elba, 1814; knighted, 1831; rear-admiral, 1846.
^ John Utenhove (d. 1565), reformer; native of Ghent; left Flanders for religion's sake, 1544; resident in England, 1548-63, co-operating with John Laski in organising churches for protestant refugees; planted a colony of Flemish weavers at Glastonhury; again in England, 1558; first elder of the Dutch church, London; published a Latin narrative of his church, some psalms in verse, and other writings.
^ Uther Pendragon, father of King Arthur; hero of romance, according to which he was brother of Aurelius Ambrosianus, who claimed descent from Constantine the Tyrant, and headed a war against the Saxons.
^ Utred (1315?–1396).
^ Edward Vernon Utterson (1776?–1856), literary antiquary; educated at Eton; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1801; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1802: one of the six clerks in chancery, 1815-42; edited reprints of scarce English books, 1812-39; issued similar reprints from his private Beldoruie press Ryde, 1840-3.
^ John Uvedale or Woodhall (d. 1549?), contractor and official; carrier for the royal household, 1488; commissariat officer at Flodden, 1513; clerk of the pells, 1516; speculated in crown leases of mines; secretary to Henry Fitzroy, duke of Richmond, 1525-8; secretary to Anne Boleyn, 1533-5; secretary to the council in the north, 1536-9, 1545; treasurer of the garrisons in the north, 1542 till death.
^ Richard Uvedale or Uvedall (d. 1556), conspirator; governor of Yarmouth Castle, Isle of Wight: a protestant; privy to Sir Henry Dudley's anti-Spanish plot, January 1555; sent to the Tower of London, March 1556; turned informer; exectuted.
^ Robert Uvedale (1642-1722) schoolmaster and horticulturist: educated at Westminster School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1664; M.A., 1666,; LL.D., 1682; master of the grammar school and proprietor of a boarding school at Enfield, 1664; non-resident rector of Orpington, 1()U6; cultivated exotic plants in hot-houses; his herbarium in the Sloane collection.
^ Thomas Uvedale (fl. 1712), translator of Philip de Comines's memoirs, 1712.
^ Uvedale Sm WILLIAM (1455–1524), soldier and ! courtier; of Wickham, Hampshire, and Titsey. Surrey: sheriff of Hampshire, 1480, 1487, and 1493; governor of Porchester, 1483; attainted by Richard III. 1184, but panloned; esquire of the body of Henry VII, c. 1486; K.B., 1489; employed on public service in Wales, 1512; a commissioner of musters for Hampshire, 1522.
^ Sir William Uvedale (d. 1542), of More Crichel : : comptroller of Poole port, 1515; customer of wools, London, 1622-35; knighted, 1533.
^ David Uwins (1780 P-1837), medical writer; studied in London hospitals: M.D. Edinburgh, 1803: practised at Aylesbury; physician to various London dispensaries, and, 1828, to Peckham lunatic asylum: i became a homowpathist; works include aTreatise OH i Nervous and Mental Disorders 1830.
^ Thomas Uwins (1782–1857), painter in oil and water colours; nrt student in London; apprenticed to an engraver, 1797; professional miniature portrwit painter from 1798: exhibited at tho 1 loyal Academy, 1799-1808, and from 1830; illustrated books from 1808; visited France to paint vintage scenes, 1817, and Scotland i to illustrate Sir Walter Scott's works, 1820-2, and Italy, I 1824-31; R.A., 1838; keeper of the National Gallery, j 1847-55.
^ Earls Uxbridge op. See PAGET, Henry, first Earl d. 1743 ; PAGET, HEXRY, second EARL, 1719–1769 ; i PAGET, HERY WILLIAM, first MARQUIS OF ANGLESEY, 1768-1854. V
^ Vacarius (1115?-1200?), civilian; probably of Bologna; called to England, c. 1143, in the interest of Archbishop Theobald; lectured on Justinian at Oxford, 1149; abridged Justinian, as a text-book for Oxford students; silenced by King Stephen, c. 1152; long in the service of Roger of Pont 1'Eveque; bendary of Southwell, 1167. -, Iviii.
^ Charles Vacher (1818–1883), painter in water*olonrg; art student in London: travelled in Italy, France, Germany, Algeria, Egypt: exhibited in London, 1838-81.
^ Aymer De Valence (d. 1260).
^ Aymer De Valence , EARL OF PEMBROKE (d. 1324).
^ William De Valence , titular EARL OF PEMBROKE (d. 1296).
^ Benjamin Valentine (d. 1652?), parliamentarian; M.P., St. Germans, 1629; joined in forcing Speaker Finch to allow Sir John Eliot to read his rcaolutiona against Charles I, 2 March 1629; imprisoned, 1629-80; condemned and fined, February 1630; prisoner, with considerable liberty, in the Gatehouse, London, 1630, but rigorously confined, 1680-40; M.P., St. (ferinuns, in the Long parliament; voted compensation by parliament before 1648.
^ Charles Vallangzy (1721–1812), antiquary; jn of a French protestant: officer of engineers; engineer in ordinary in Ireland, 1762; general, 1863; F.R.S., 1784; ignorant of Irish; published worthless tracts on Irish philology and history, 1772-1802.
^ William Vallans (fl. 1578–1590), poet ; a Hert! fordshire salter; published, in unrhymed hexameters,A j Talc of Two Swamies descriptive of places in Hertford! shire, 1590.
^ Valognes or VALONIIS, PHILIP ni: (d. 1215) r baron of Panmure; grandson of one of William the Conqueror's officers; migrated to Scotland lefore 11C5: an intimate friend of William the Lion, nnd hostage for him, 1174 and 1209: granted Panmnre and Beuvie; high clmmberlain of Scotland, 1180-1215.
^ Abraham John Valpy (1787–1854), editor nn.l printer; second son of Richard Valpy; educated at Reading grammar school and Pembroke Col lec. Oxford (M.A. and fellow, 1811); published excerpts from Cicero, 1804, and Latin verses, 1809; publisher and purteditor of numerous classical texts and journals, London, 1807-37; reprinted the Delphin classics, 1819-30.
^ Edward Valpy (1764–1832). classical scholar; B.D. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1S10: assistant-master at Reading; high master of Norwich school, 181(1: IHMICficed in Norfolk, 1819-32; edited an annotated Giwk testament and school books.
^ Francis Edward Jackson Valpy (1797 i 1882), schoolmaster: sou of Richard Valpy; educated at Reading school: M.A. Trinity Collect Cambridge, 1824; head-master of Heading school, IH:;D, l.nrproved a failure; master of Bnrton-on-Trent school: rector of Garveston, 1854; published classical schoolbook?.
^ Richard Valpy (1754–1836), schoolmaster : native of Jersey; educated partly in Normandy nnd partly at ( iuildford school: published verse, 1772; scholar t IVmbroke College, Oxford, 1773; B.A., 1776; D.D., 1792; 1331
^ Dyck Van assistant-master at iv~fui lieu 1-master n-l.-ut n-ctor of S and other school-book
^ Vanaken. See Van Haecken
^ Vanbrugh ('HA1M.KS i r. 1744), son of Vanbrngh: educated at Lausanne; ensijoi in the n L'u-ipU. 1739: mortally wounded nt Fontenoy. Don Quixote, 1 1738; pain: Iviii. 100)
^ Vanderbank or VANDREBANC, PKTRH (U41 697 X engraver, chiefly of portraits; born in Paris; came to England, 1674. UiiL iw) 7** DZ * D 00 **
^ DOETl. ABRAHAM (rf. Jf40X
^ Sir John Vanbrugh or Vanburgh , 17-Jt,, dramatist, architect, and herald: sou of a London tradesman; of Flemish descent; studied in France, 16K31685, forming archiUftur.il tastes; entered the army, 1686: prisoner in Franco, 1690-2, Utterly in the Bastille: captain, 1696; comptroller of the board of works, 170J-1J, and again, 1716: brought outThe Relapse,* 1696, with immense success,.Shop,* 1697 (adapted from the French of Edmond BoureaultX JThe Provok'd Wife, 1 1697; severely censured in Jeremy Collier's Short View,* 1698, and issued the same year a feeble -Vindication brought out, 1700, a prose version of Beaumont and Fletcher's Pilgrim and The False Friend,* 1702 (adapted from Le Sage); also Squire Trelooby,* 1704 (adapted, jointly with Congreve and Walsh, from Molierc): brought out The Country House 1705 (adapted from the French of Carton DancourtX The Confederacy one of the most licentious pieces of the comic drama after the Restoration, 1705 (also from DancourtX andThe Mistake 1705 (adapted, jointly with Bctterton, from Moliere): his 'Journey to London completed by Colley Gibber and brought out, 1728; manager of Hay market Theatre, London, 1705-7; designed Castle Howard, 1701 (completed, 1714), his own Haymarket Theatre, London, 1706, and Blenheim Palace, Woalstock, 1705 (completed by Sarah, duchess of Mnrlhorough, from Vanbrugh's designs, but without his help. 1724):restored Kimboiton Oastte, 1707, and designed the Clarendon Building, Broad Street, Oxfonl, 1711, jointly with Nicholas Hawksmoor; worked on country seats in a ponderous style of architecture:Carlisle* herald, to qualify for office, 1703, Clarenceux king-at-arms, 1704-20; knighted, 1714; acted as Garter, 1715-18, the claim of John Anstts the younger being allowed in 1718; disliked in the College of Arms, owing to his ridicule of its formalities. His correspondence is partly published (inGentleman's Magazine 1736-9, and Athennum 1890). His collected dramatic works appeared, 1730.
^ Alfred Glenville Vance (1838?–1888), actor and pan tomi mist;the great Vance real name AI.KKKD PKCK STKVKXS: originally a solicitor clerk in London; acted in the north of England: made his mark in London music-halls; died while performing at Sun Music Hall, Knightsbridge.
^ Ceulen Van , CORNELIUS JAXSSBN (1593 16C4V).
^ Charles Vancouver (*. 1785–181SX agriculturist; an American; published a compendium of science, 1785; invited English settlers to Kentucky, 1788; reported on English farming for the board of agriculture (Cambridgeshire, 1794: Essex, 1795); described the drainage of the fens, 1794 (published, 18ol); returned to Kentucky, r. 1798; again in England, 1806; reported on Devonshire, 1808, and Hampshire, 1813.
^ George Vancouver (1758–1798 explorer ; sailed on James Cook's (1728-1779) second voyage, 1772, as seaman; seaman (afterwards midshipman) on CookV third voyage; returnal, 1780; served a lieutenant in the West Indies, 1781-3, 1786-9; commander, 1790: captain.. 1794; sailed on a voyage, of discovery round the Cape of painter; came to England, r. 1673. Good Hope, 1791; surveyed the south- west of Australia and of New Zealand; surveyed tle Pacific coast of North America, sailing roundVancouver* island, 1798-4; returned by Cape Horn, 1795; hisVoyage* published posthumously, 1798.
^ Vandeleur Sm JOHN ORMSBY (1768–1849), general; infantry officer, 1781-92: exchanged into the d nurns, 1792: served in Flander*. 1794-5, and at the Cape of Good Hope, 1796; lieutenant-colonel, 179K; served with distinction in India, 1803-5; major-gvneral, lull; (n the Peninsular war commanded an infantry brigade, 1811, au. infantry division, 1812-13, a cavalry brigade, ..,.,,.. 18M; married Thoouu Swiobooroe, an actor, 16.
^ Vano nrHOFT. JOHN II. (17*M861X actor of Dutch decent: born at Balisborj; ednoMsd at Htonvburnt; acted in UM we*t of KngUnd, lw-ia. at Um. -SW, in London. l*auV Vciohr Bffl.r,:.. -: ifj tad.:.:- 5t?l.. Md In the country, 18W-68.
^ George Vandeput (d. 1900), dmlral : mate son of Sir George Vandeput. barooet (A T&). Utfn*ot; 17; in command of shipa, 1764W; n*radmiral, 1793; admiral, 1799: died at Ma. 1*11. 99
^ Vandkrbank Jims (1694?- 17J9), portraitpamtar; son of Peter Vanderbank; born In KDJT land: illustratedDn native of Holland; in the service of Henry, prince of Wales, 1612: designer of coinage, 16: teper of Charles I's collections, 1618-40; compiled a catalogue of the collections, 1638: committed suicfieT IvttL 101)
^ Ler Eyden Van , JEREMIAH (rf. 1695), portraitpainter; native of Brussels; assistant to Sir Peter Lely.
^ Der Ought Van , BENJAMIN (,. 174 painter: son of Gerard Van der Gucht; art-student in Loudon: painted theatrical portrait*; a noted picture-dealer, accidentally drowned.
^ Der Gucht Van , GERARD (1696–1776), engraver: son of Michael Van der Gucht q. v.); born in London; book-illUBtrator and picture-dealer.
^ Der Ought Van , JAN ( 1697-1 7S8?X engraver: son of Michael Van der Guebt
^ Der Ought Van , MICHAEL (1660-1 725 X engraver: born in Antwerp: came to London, 1890; bookillustrator; instructor of George Vertue q. T.)
^ Jacob Vanderlint (rf. 1740), antho?of MoVwy Answers all Things ( 1734), an economic treatise; a Loodon timber- merchant
^ Der Myn Van or VAN DER KLTV, HERMAN (1684-1741), portrait-painter; born in Amsterdam; re-idol in London, 1718-36 and 1741. IviiL 103}
^ Der Vaart Van , JAN (1647–1721), painter and mezzotint-engraver; born in Haarlem; came to London, 1674; a noted painter of landscapes, portraits, and stilllife: one of the earliest mc.zotint-eugravers; from 1713 specialised as a restorer of pictures.
^ De Velde Van . WILLEM, the elder (T610–1693), marine-painter; born in Leyden; originally a iai'or-hoy came to England, 1676.
^ De Velde Van , WILLEM, the younger (1633–1707), painter; son of Willem Van de Vekks the dder ; came to England, c. 1676; produced copies in oil of bis father's sketches. IvUi. 103)
^ Diest Van , ADRIAEN (1666–1704). landscapepainter; ran of Willed Van Dieet, a Dutch martoe
^ Dyck Van , SIR ANTHONY (ANTHOX18, ANToon ) (1699–1641), painter and etcher ; a younger mm of an Antwerp silk-mercer; pupil of the pointer JJendrU Van Balen, 1609; opened a studio in Antwerp, 1C16. painting portrait*, and heads for Chrirt and hi* apostles; freeman of St. Luke's Guild. Antwerp, 1619: intimate friend and assistant of Ruben*. 1619-ft); invited to England by Thomas Howard, seooiid earl of Anindd or bis countess, 162O: employed by James I, November 1620- February 1631; travelled in Italy, 1621-5; visited Aix; resided in Antwerp, painting and etching, e. e, 16W: brought to England by Charta I; had In niackfriar*. London, 10,32: knighted, 1632; pensioned, lr-,33- visited Antwerp. U;:: I; paintin? portraits in England, 1635-40; a liUTtinc: forced by Charles I to marry Mary Ruthven, 1640; went to Antwerp, 1640, and to Paris, IG41; ret it me 1 to London, 1611. His method of work was to mako:i first sketch and take notes for the guidance of the a-sNhmts who executed the portrait, after which be added the finishing touches.
^ Vandyke 1'KTKR (f. 1767), painter; native of Holland; assistant to Sir Joshua Reynolds; exhibited in :!!, 1762-7; settled in Bristol; painted portraits of Coleridge and Sonthey.
^ Anne Vane (1705–1736), the subject of Dr. Johnson's line, ' Yet Vane could tell what ills from beauty spring: daughter of Gilbert Vane, baron Barnard; maid of honour to Queen Caroline; mistress of Frederick, prince of Wales.
^ Frances Anne Vane, Viscountess Vane (1713-1783), nicknamed Lady Fanny nee Hawes; married, 1732, Lord William Douglas (rf. 1734); married, 1735, William, second viscount Vane; became infamous for gambling and profligacy; contributed chapter eighty-one to Smollett'sPeregrine Pickle a confirmed invalid from 1768.
^ Sir Henry Vane, the elder (1589–1655), secretary of state; originally styled Henry Fane, of Hadlow; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1604; entered at Gray's Inn, 16i6: knighted, 1611; purchased carver's place at i-ourt, 1612, share in tho subpoena office in chancery, 1613, and cofferership to Prince Charles, 1617; cofferer, 1625, comptroller, 1629, and treasurer, 1639-41, of the household; M.P., Lostwithiel, 1614, Carlisle, 1621, 1624-6, and Retfoni, 1628-9; sent to solicit help for the Palatinate to Holland, 1629-30, and to the king of Sweden, 1631, but was unsuccessful; sold Hadlow; accumulated wealth by court practices, and bought lands in Kent and Yorkshire, and Raby and Barnard Castles in Durham; privy councillor, 1630; constantly employed on administrative commissions, 1630-40: opposed the war with Scotland, 1639; personally aggrieved by Stratford, 1640; secretary of state, by the Marquis of Hamilton's influence, 1640-1: M.P., Wilton, and spokesman for Charles I in the Short parliament, May 1640-; employed in negotiations with the Scots, 1640; M.P., Wilton, in the Long parliament, 16401653; approved of the impeachment of Strafford; gave evidence, March 1641, implying that in May 1640 Strafford had advised Charles I to bring the Irish army into England; a commissioner of the treasury, 1641: accompanied Charles I to Scotland, August 1641; dismissed from all his places, November 1641; joined the parliamentary leaders; parliamentary lord-lieutenant of Durham, but powerless there, 1642; served on the committee of both kingdoms from 1644: compensated by parliament for damage to his Durham estates by the royal troops; M.P., Kent, 1654.
^ Sir Henty Vane, the younger (1613–1662), statesman; eldest son of Sir Henry Vane the elder: educated at Westminster School, at Oxford, 1629, and abroad: adopted decided puritan views, 1628; attached to the embassy at Vienna, 1631; returned to England, 1632; resolved to go to New England for freedom of conscience; resided in Boston, 1633-7; governor of Massachusetts, 1036-7; entangled in the doctrinal controversies of the colonists: returned to England, 1637; treasurer of the navy, 1639-41; M.P., Hull, in the Short parliament, April 1640; knighted, 1640; married, and received Raby Castle from his father, July 1640; showed Pym his father's memorandum of Stafford's advice (5 May 1640) to Charles I, September 1640; M.P., Hull, in the Long parliament, November 1640; Stratford's fate sealed by his copy of the memorandum, April 1641: advocated; abolition of episcopacy, May 1641; dismissed by Charles I ! from hi* treaarer*htp of the navy, December 1641; a leader of the war party in parliament; parliamentary I treasurer of the navy, 1642-50: conducted negotiations with Scots at Edinburgh, 1643; virtual leader of the j Hooae of Commons, 1643-6; rejected Charles I's overtare* to dissociate him from the parliament, 1644: a commissioner at the treaty of Uxbridge, 1645; urged the reorganisation of the army; offended the presbyterians by insisting on toleration; rejected fresh overtures by Charles I, 1646: a commissioner to treat with the army j leader* at Wyoombe, 1647; distrusted both by the presby terians and the levellers: a commissioner to treat with Charles I at Newjwrt, 1C 18; took no part in Charles 1's rrial; member of the parliamentary council of stata, 1649; a leading man in all affairs of the Commonwealth, home, colonial, military, and naval, 1649-53; a d friend of Cromwell, 1650-3: sent to Scotland to settle Scottish affairs, 1G51; came into collision with Cromwell, from wishing to perpetuate the Long parliament, 1653; retired to Belleau, 1653; imprisoned for a pamphlet against Cromwell's arbitrary government, 1656; M.P., Whitchurch, in Richard Cromwell's parliament, February 1659; effected the abolition of the protectorate: in the restored Long parliament was commissioner of the navy and virtual foreign minister, May 1659; laboured to reconcile the army and the parliament; became distrusted by all parties; expelled from the Long parliament, January 1660; put in custody, February; partially excluded from indemnity by theConvention 1 parliament, June 1660; prisoner in the Tower of London, anil in the Scilly islands; his death demanded by the Cavalier parliament, July 1661; condemned and executed on Tower Hill; a religious enthusiast; published several treatises of mystical divinity; published also speeches,
^ Sir Ralph Vane (d. 1552). See Fane.
^ Thomas Vane (fl. 1652), Romanist convert ; D.D. Christ's College, Cambridge; rector of Orayford; embraced Romanism; settled in Paris as a physician; published Romanist tracts, 1646-52.
^ William Harry Vane , first DUKE OP CLEVELand of the second creation and third EARL OF DARLINGTon (1766–1842); styled Viscount Barnard; of Christ Church, Oxford; M.P., Totnes, 1788-90, Wiuchelsea, 1790-1792; a whig; succeedel as Earl of Darlington, 1792; created marquis, 1827, and duke, 1833, of Cleveland; foxhunter and patrou of the turf.
^ Charles William Vane-Stewart, third Marquis of Londonderry (1778–1854).
^ Joseph Van Haecken (1699?-1749), painter; born in Antwerp; came to England, c. 1719; practised as portrait-pa'uter; assistant to various portrait-painters.
^ Esther Vanhomrigh (1690-1723), Vanessa; friend of Dean Swift; of Dutch descent; the intimacy between her and Swift recorded in Swift's poem Cadenus and Vanessa (written in 1713, published in 1726, after Vanessa's death, by her executors); conceived a hopeless passion for Swift; wrote a letter to Stella, see JOHNSON ESTHKR, or, according to another account, to Swift himself, asking if he was married to Stella, 1723; died of shock occasioned by Swift's anger at her action.
^ Jacob Van Huysum, (James) (1687?–1746), flower-painter; born in Amsterdam; came to England, c. 1721.
^ Philip Michael Scott Vankoughnet (1822-1869), Canadian statesman: born at Cornwall, Ontario; served in the militia, 1837; barrister, 1813; minister of agriculture, 1856; chief commissioner of crown lands, 1858; chancellor of Upper Canada, 1862-9.
^ Henri Van Laun, (1820–1896), author; born in Holland; educated in France: settled in England, 1848; teacher of French; examiner in French for various government departments; published a French grammar, 1863, a History of French Literature 1876, and a history of the French revolution, LS78; translated Taine's English Literature 1871, Moliere, 1875, La Bruy6re, 1885, I and Gil Bias 1886.
^ Remigius Van Leemput (1609?–1675), painter; often called M. Remy: born in- Antwerp: came to England before 1640; copied portraits by Lely and Van Dyck.
^ Balthasar Van Lemens (1637–1704), painter; born in Antwerp; made sketches for London engravers.
^ William Van Mildert (1765–1836), the last bishop of Durham with palatine dignity; of Dutch extraction; sou of a London distiller; at Merchant Taylor. School, 1779-84: B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1787; M.A., 1790; rector of Rrudden, 1795, and of St. Mary-le- j Bow, London, 1796-1820; Boyle lecturer, 1802-4; vicar of Farningham, 1807-13; preacher at Lincoln's luu, 1812-19; Bampton lecturer, 1.K13; D.D., IK13; professor oi -i,: I, 1M3-19; bishop of LUn d.itr, IMH M; dean..t 8t iMul's, London, 182O-6; bUImp of Durham, l.v.v. If;,,.,,-1: fou ity, isa-j; p.iMi-1,1 sermons, charged, and tbeologicml tracts.
^ Petk Vannes ll (-. 1663), diplomatist : born In ..-.-;:.., to Andrea Ammonlo q. v 1 1 1 secretary. 1513; seoretary to Wobey. 1614; Latin ftecretary u. Henry VIII und Edward VI; incorporated B.D. Can: visited Rome. 1526; accompanied Wolsey to France. 1527; resident in Rome, vainly soil. .it! ML- n,-nry VI I iv divorce, 1629: bdd various prebend* from 1629; envoy to Rome, 1633: archdeacon of Worcester, 1534: dean of Salisbury, 164O-7 and 1563-63; rector of Trading-Urn, 1542; EnglUh ambassador at Venice, 1650-6. MIL 134)
^ John Van Nost (*. 1780), sculptor; of Dublin.
^ Andrew Van Rymsdyk (d. 1790), engraver; son of Jan Van Rymsdyk
^ Jan Van Rymsdyk (.*. 1767–1778), painter and engraver; native of Holland; j" r; beg?.n iit-engraving, 1767; settled at Bristol.
^ Sir Patrick Vans , LOBOBaBXBAXBOCRfrf. 1517), Scottish judge; rector of Wigton; inherited BUnbumoh, Wigtownshire, 1668; lord of session as Lord Barnbarroch, 1576; privy councillor, 1587; an.ba-wa.lor to Denmark, 1687: accompanied James VI to Denmark, 1689; possibly the Sir Patrick Speiu of the old ballad.
^ George Henry Vansittart (1768–1824), general; studied nt Strasbourg and Brunswick; lieiiteuant, 1787; captain, 1790; lieutenant-colonel, 1794; served at Toulon, 1793, at the Cape, 1795, and in the West Indies, 1803; major-general, 1803; general, 1821.
^ Henry Vansittabt 0732–1770), governor of Bengal; of Dutch extraction; younger sou of a London merchant; a profligate youth; writer in the Kast India Company's service at Fort St. David.-*, 174G; made friendship there with Clive; visited England, 1761; Kent to negotiate with the French Bast India Company, 1764-5; member of the council, 1757; took part in the defence of Madras, 1759; temporary governor of Fort St. George, 1769-60; his governorship of Bengal (1 760-4 ) marked by i the deposition of Mir Jafar, snbadar of Bengal, and the appointment of Mir Kasim, 1760, by friction with tinmilitary officers of the company, 1761, by vain efforts to j check the corruption of the company's administration, and by war with Mir Jafar, 1763; returned to England, 1764; coldly received by the company and by Chvi-; ptiblished aNarrativeof hi** governorship, 1766; M.P., Heading, 1768; director of the East India Company, 1769; touched at the Cape, 1769, when on his way to India to report on the administration of Bengal; his ship never heard of afterwards.
^ Henry Vansittabt (1777–1843), vice-admiral; put on ship's book*, 1788; on service almost uninterruptedly, 1791-1814; lieutenant, 1796; captain, 1801; rear-admiral, 1830; vice-admiral, 1841.
^ Nicholas Vansittabt , flnt BARON BEXLEY (1766-1861 X Chancellor of the exchequer: a younger son of Henry Vansittart (1732-1770); M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1791; hon. D.C.L., 1814; barrister, Lincoln Inn, 1791; wrote iamphlcts in favour of Pitt's administration, 1793-6; M.P., 1796-1823. latterly for Harwich; supported Addiuton's administration: envoy to Denmark, 1801; secretary of the treasury, 1801-4 ami 1806-7; chief secretary for Ireland, 1805; chancellor of the exchequer, 1812-28; urged the union of tinand Irish exchequers, 1817; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1823-8; created Baron Bexlcy, 1823, and pensioned.
^ Vans irrART, ROBERT (1728–1789), jurist ; educated at Winchester School; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; D.C.L., 1767; barrister, Inner Temple, 1753; recorder of Maidenhead, 1763, of Windsor, 1770; regius professor of civil law, Oxford, 1767-89; F.S.A., 1767.
^ Van 80MEB, PAT I. (1176-1W1X born in Antwerp; liad a studio at Amsterdam, 16O4; mm:- mjml M rj r, h MM* p.- ol Jarne* !* court.
^ Bomxr Van , PAUL (. 164X mrtxoUnf engraver : came from Amsterdam to London, 1674.
^ Van 80V, m (PRANCISX erroneooriy of an Antwerp flower-painter i xjndon.
^ Charles Thomas Van Straubenzee (1812-IH92) general; of Dutch extraction MHi (B, IW:. Joe IMS i 1829-33, and in India, 1833-7 and 1841-4; colonel, 1851; In command at the Ptrwe ; bora .. .pmeral. May 1851; commanded 1H56-6; command British In the in sass Chinese war, 1887-60; K.C.B., 1868; major-general, 18M; held command in India. 1MJ-5; governor of Malta. 1872-8; general, 1875; retired, 1881.
^ Voeb Van 8T, ROBERT (1596–163X native of Holland; pupil of CriRpin dr ~ to England, 1628; engraved portrait*, partly after Van Dyck.
^ John Vardy (.1. 17C5), architect ; clerk of work* in London at the Horn-;...ml s 1761, and at Kcnsington Palace and Chelsea Hospital.
^ Cornelius Varley (1781–1873). water-colour painter and Inventor; sketched early in life: maker of philosophical instruments; invented improvements in lens-making; wait bock to art, 1800; exhibited at tluRoyal Academy, 1803 and 1821-69; exhibited at tinWater-colour Society, 1806-21; ex primented in electricity.
^ Cromwell Fleetwood Varley (1888–1883). electrical engineer; son of Cornelius Varley; employe of the International Telegraph Componj, 1M is.;s; intro-luoal improvement* in telegraphic apparatus isol 70; consulted as expert about laying the eoond Atlantic cable, c. 1860; F.K.S., 1871; published papera on electricity and telegraphy.
^ John Varley (1778–1842), landscape-palntcr ; worked for portrait-pointers 1792; sketched on th* Thames and about London; became an art-teacher in London, latterly very Rnooeatfiil, and boarding pupils; sketched in Wales and the north and west of Knglaud, 1798-1803; exhihiu-d at the Royal Academy. 1 7t8-1803, and at the Water-colour Society, 1806-42; published treatises on art, 1815-18; a clow friend of Wil limn Blake. 1819-27: believed in astrology; in constant difficulties through generosity to others.
^ William Flebtwood Varley (1785–1866), artist: exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1804-18; art teacher.
^ Charles Varlo or Varley (17?-179H agriculturist; native of Yorkshire; visited Ireland. 1746, and introduced flax-growing: fanned land in Lritrim, 1748; mobbed in Dublin. 1760, for exportincr Irish cattle*: invented a witmowing-inachino, 1772; being hoaxed by forged deeds went to America, 1784, to claim th governorship of New Jersey: retarned, c. 178; published treatises on agriculUirc, 1770-96. Mil. 153)
^ Vajbctj 8, JOHN (1490?-1638?).
^ Jamkj Vashon 3 (1742-18*7). admiral; erT*.l continuously in the navy, 1765-1808; lieutenant, 1774. commander, 1779; rear-admiral, 18O4; admiral, 1814.
^ John Vassall (.. 1625), colonial pfouo testant refujree from Nornuindy: apparently a dripmaster in 1677; commanded a ship against the Annad* 1688; member of the London Virginia Company, 16U9.
^ Vas 8ALL, SAMUEL (1686–1667), parliamentariaa . a younger son of John Vanall fq. v.: nvsrohu London, tnvlimj with America, Guinea, *c.: an orUinal member of the MaMchusetUi Company, 1638; refused to pay Charles I* demand of tonnage and M 162Tand 1630; imprisoned his goods retained; M.P n and of tonnage and Mandate. ed on that account, !n London, in the Short and fee Long parliaments, 1640; solicited parliament for com i rosi-tintf tonnairc and iwiimd:i-t, .tdvaneol money to puy tin- parliament troops ,n Ireland, It-JC. mid had difficulty in obtaining repay ment, it; 17; visited Carolina, 1663; probably died abroad.
^ Spencer Thomas Vassaw (1764 - 1807), Collier:.hraltar. 17M". and in Klander: ; t-colone!, IHol; served at the Oape, 1806; tnorfcilly wounded at Monte Video.
^ Vas 8ALL. WILLIAM (1592–1655), colonist : n younger sou of John Vassall fa. v.: visited Massachusett*. 1630; settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1635-46; resided iu Barbados, 1650-5.
^ Vaughan r.KNJAMLN (1751–1835), politician; educated at nonconformist seminaries, Cambridge, and Edinburgh; Unitarian: merchant in London; supporter of Lord Shi-lburne: sympathised with the American insurgents, the Irish conspirators, and the French revolutionists: visited Paris, 1790; M.P., Calne, 1792; fled to avoid persecution for treason to France, 1794; imprisoned by the Carmelites, but, owing to the goodwill of Robespierre, only for a short time; advised Robespierre to surround France with a fringe of free and allied states, 1794; emigrated to America, 1798: published political tracts, 1789-96.
^ Charles John Vaughan (1816–1897), dean of Llandaff; of Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge; senior classic, 1838; fellow, 1839; M.A., 1841; D.D., 1845; vicar of St. Martin's, Leicester, 1841-4; head-master of Harrow, 1844-59; vicar of Doncaster, 1860-9; for love of the church privately trained ordination candidates in ministerial work, 1861-97; master of the Temple, 18691894; dean of Llandaff, 1879-97; published scripture commentaries and devotional works, 1859-90.
^ Sir Charles Richard Vaughan (1774–1849), diplomatist; of Rugby and Merton College, Oxford; M.A., 1798; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1798; M.B., 1800; travelled on the continent, 1801-3, in Western and Central Asia, 1804-6, in Spain, 1808; secretary of embassy in Spain, 1810-19, in Paris, 1820-2; ambassador to Switzerland, 1823-4, to the United States, 1825-35; knighted, 1833; afterwards travelled on the continent
^ Edward Vaughan (d. 1522), bishop of St. David's; LL.D. Cambridge; vicar of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, 1487; vicar of Islington; prebendary, 1493-1509, and treasurer, 1503-9, of St Paul's, London; bishop, by papal provision, of St. David's, 1509; built much at St. David's.
^ Sir Griffith Vaughan or Vychan (d. 1447), soldier; son of Griffith ap leuan. who rebelled with Glendower(1403); styled Sir Griffith Vatighan i.e. the * younger 1406; inherited lands in Montgomeryshire; fought at Agincourt, 1415; captured Sir John Oldcastle In Montgomeryshire, 1417; outlawed and beheaded.
^ Sir Henry Vaughan , the elder (1587?–1659?), royalist; acquired Derwydd, Carmarthenshire, by marriage; M.P., Carmarthen, 1621-9, and Carmarthenshire, in the Short parliament, 1640, and in the Long parliament, November 1640, till expelled, February 1644; knighted, 1643; royalist major-general in Pembrokeshire, 643, but driven out by Rowland Laugharne 1644; fined as a delinquent, 1644 and 1645; taken prisoner at Naseby, 1645; in prison in London, 1645-. 1659.
^ Sir Henry Vaughan, the younger, royalist; son of Sir Henry Vaughan the elder q. v.l: taken prisoner at Tenby, 1648; knighted, 1661; M.P., Carmarthenshire, 1668-76.
^ Henry Vaughan, 'Silurist' (1622–1695), poet; entered Jesus College, Oxford, 1638; studied law in lxndon; medical practitioner iu Brecknock, 1645, and in Newton-by-Usk, 165O-95; published Poems 1646, Silex Scintillana(sacred poems), first part, 1650, Moond part, containing the magnificent They are all gone into the world of light 1656, Olor Iscanns Pn and prose translations, 1651, The Mount Olives 1652, and Flores Solitudinis 1654, the last two being English versions of Latin devotional tracts, Horinetical I'hysiek (from the Latin), 1G55; Thalia Rediviva (poem), l(i7H; Wordsworth's Ode on the Intimations of immortality suggested by his Retreat: his collected works published, 1871. He was culled Silurist from the fact that the county of his birth, Brecknockshire, was anciently inhabited by the Silures.
^ Henry Vaughan (1766–1844), physician. See Henry Halford.
^ Henry Vaughan (1809–1899), collector of works of art, and especially the pictures of Turner, Stothard, Flaxman, and Constable; F.S.A., 1879; one of founders of Burlington Fine Arts Club. By his will his collections were distributed among various public institutions.
^ Henry Halford Vaughan (1811–1885), historian; son of Sir John Vaughan (1769-1839); of Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford; fellow of Oriel, 18351812; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1840; regius professor of modern history, Oxford, 1848-58; published historical lectures, notes on Shakespeare, and versions of Welsh proverbs.
^ John Vaughan, first Earl of Carbery (1572?-1634), of Jesus College, Oxford; entered the Middle Temple, 1596; inherited Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire, 1598; served in Ireland, 1599; M.P., Carmarthenshire, 1601 and 1620-2: comptroller of the household to Prince Charles; accompanied Charles to Madrid, 1623; created, in the Irish peerage, Baron Vaughan, 1621, and Earl of Carbery, 1628.
^ Sir John Vaughan (1603–1674), judge ; of Christ Church, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1630: friend of John Selden: M.P., Cardigan, 1628, April 1640, and in the Long parliament, 1640 till expelled, 1645; consulted by Charles I at Newport, 1648; imprisoned; M.P., Cardiganshire, 1661 -8; a leader of the country party: active 1 in the impeachment of Clarendon, 1667; knighted, 1668; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1668.
^ John Vaughan , third and last EARL OF CARBERY (1640–1713), second son of Richard Vaughan, second earl of Carberg; of Christ Church, Oxford: entered the Inner Temple, 1658; knighted, 1661; M.P., Carmarthen, 1661-79, Carmarthenshire, 1679-81 and 1685-7: styled, by courtesy, Lord Vaughan from 1667; governor of Jamaica, 1674-8; succeeded as earl, 1686.
^ Sir Johx Vaughan (1748?–1795), lieutenantgeneral; captain of dragoons, 1765; served in Germany; major, 1759; served in America as lieutenant-colonel, 1760-7, and as major-general, 1776-9; M,P., Berwick, 1774-95; M.P. in the Irish parliament, 1776-83; governor of Berwick, 1779-95; served in the West Indies, 1780-2: accused of peculation at the taking of St. Kustatius; lieutenant-general, 1782; K.B., 1792; commander of the Leeward islands; died at Martinique.
^ Sir John Vaughan (1769–1839), judge; 0* Rugby and Queen's College, Oxford; hon. D.C.L., isi:;.barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1791; recorder of Leicester, 1798: serjeant-at-law, 1799; king's Serjeant, 1816; baron of the exchequer, 1827-34; knighted, 1828; justice of the common pleas, 1834-9.
^ Rice Vaughan (. 1638–1672), legal writer : entered Gray's Inn, 1638; author of Plea for tho Common Laws 1651,Practica WalliR? a guide to the Welsl courts, 1672, and a posthumous Discourse of Coin 1675.
^ Richard Vaughan (1550?–1607), bishop of London; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1577; D.D., 1689: chaplain to his relative, John Aylmer, bishop of London, who made him rector of Chipping Ongar, 1578, of Little Canfield, 1580, of Great Dunmow, 1592, Moreton, 1592, and of Stanford Rivers, 1594; prebendary of t. 1'aulV, Ijondon, 1583, of Wells, 1593; archdeacon of Middlesex, 1588; bishop of Bangor, 1595-7; arcln, of Anglesey, 1590; bishop of Chester, 1697-1604; bishop of London, 1604-7.
^ Richard Vaughan, second Earl of Carbery (1600?-1686), eldest son of John Vaughan, first earl of Carbery: styled Lord Vaughan; travelled, c. 1622: knighted, 1626; M.P., Carmarthenshire. K.iM: succeeded to earldom, 1634; created Baron Vaughan (English peerage), 1643; royalist commander in Pembrokeshire, 164, but dr veil out by Ko-.vUnd fq. v.. liH: tin.-d.-.1,Hi (in-lit. livi-iand h,4.s; pardoned iiy parliament, lii-17: aftrwardc remained neutral; gave :i-luiii to.li-n-nr, Taylor; lord pr.nid.-ut man-lies ir.in;_"; befriended ami.-l IlutliT. the author iifHtidibra-.
^ Robert Vaughan (lX92-lM7), Welsh antiquary; nn of n.-l c.!l, v. oi,,r.l: publisli.-t linti-h Antiquities hVviv.-d nw; hi* valiuM,- Nli. ..t IViiiurth, Merionethshire,
^ Vaughan Uoi ! 1H68J, congr. Hvine: pastor at Worcester, 1H10 2: pastor in K. ion, l: 3; professor of history, University College, London. IS34-48: D.D. Glasgow, 1834; president of the Independent College, Manchester, 1*43-57: :ift.Tw:ipN p.i-t..r at Uxbridge and Torquay: editor of tli- -i:rit:-li Mii.u-t.-rl-. 1K4&-65: published historic of tin- Stuart an. I Commonwealth period*, monograph* on Wy.-lifTe, and other work*.
^ Robert Alfred Vaughan (1823-1857), congregational divine;.-Mr-t.-on of ItolXTt Vaogban (1795i. v.: H.A. I.oM.ton, IMJ-J: -indent at the Lanca-liin- Iii'ljM'iid.-nf Coll.-f, Muaclioiter. 1848-8, and at H r.V. l-ii; 7; minUter at Bath. 1848-50, aud Rinnlngliani. lH5d f,; publish.-.! ver*-", 1S44: contributed to the Mrit i-h Quarterlyfrom 1845; publishedHours with tin- Mystics 1856.
^ Robert William Bede Vaughan (1834–1883), Roman catholic prelate; educated at Downside College, Ifcith. iiiHl at Koine: entered the Benedictine order, 1864; ordain-d pn-t, 1H59; professor at Bclmout, near Hereford, IXf.l, and principal, 1862-73: coadjutor to the archbishop of Sydney, 1873: archbishop of Sydney, 1877; published a life of Aquinas, 187*, and sermons, 1885-88.
^ Rowland Vaughan (fl. 1620–1658), Welsh author; studied at Oxford; Inherited Caer Gai, Merionethshire, 1629; a royalist captain; his house burnt and his estate forfeited, 1645; imprisoned, 1650; recoverel his estate, 1660; published Welsh versions of devotional books, 1630-1658; wrote Welsh verse.
^ Stephen Vaughan (d. 1549), diplomatist; a London merchant (governor of the Merchant Adventurers' Company, 1534), frequently visiting Antwerp: in the service of Thomas Cromwell, 1524; molested as a protestant, 1529 and 1532; agent at Antwerp for Henry VIII, 1530-445: employed on a mission to France, 1532, and to Germany, 1533; clerk in chancery, 1534; spy on Queen Catherine at Kimbolton, 1536; an official of the mint, 1537-49: envoy to Milan, 1538, to Flanders 1541; granted church lands, 1544; M.P., Lancaster, 1547.
^ Sir Thomas Vaughan (. 1483), soldier: a Yorkist partisan; iittainted, 1489: personal servant of Edward IV, 1461; chamberlain to Edward, prince of Wales. i471: knighted, 1475; executed at Pontefract by UK-hard II I.
^ Thomas Vaughan (1622–1666), alchemist and poet: twin brother of Henry Vaughan, Silurist: of Jesus College, Oxford: B.A. and fellow. 1642; rector of St Bridget's, Brecknockshire. 1640: withdrew to Oxford, 1642: hatl u controversy with Henry More (1614-1687), 1650-1; disciple of Cornelius Agrippa; published alchemical works under the pseudonym Kugenius Philalethes 1650-7; wrote Latin and English verse.
^ Thomas Vaughan (.ft. 1772–1820), dr. solicitor in VVstininUT: brought out two farces, 1776, lioiiablc Follies a uov.-l, 1782, and a comedy, 17M.
^ Thomas Vauohan (1781–184J), vocalist; chorister of Norwich: choinnim in tle Churx'l Koyal, London, 1799, at We-tinm-vr.;ind, 1HJ3, St. 1'aulX Loiuiou; leading tenor rololst from 1811.
^ William Vaughan ( 1577–1641), poet and colonial pioneer; M.A. Jesus CkUege, Oxford, 1597; travelled in l--r:in.-i-:ind Italy: LL.D. Vienna (incorponitetl at rixfoni, i a-iuireil Torcoel by niarrtage; publishedTlie -pi rit of Detraction Ifill, t clear himself of AM iKiuirht an int.-n-st in Nr.vfoundland. Ifil6, and sent ont yrtrl-rs. UU7 1H: vi*it.-l ln.-olonv. 1B22 J publish i }ol.U-n Kh-ccc 1626, (allegory in praise of his colony), and The 5evlaulera Cure 163U, an account of ito The Golden Grove porary manners, 1600,Directions for Health
^ Sir William Vaughan (d. 1649), royalist; served in Ireland, 1643, in Cheshire. 1644; governor of Shrawardine Castle, 1644: joined Charles I at Newport. 1645; fought at Naseby, 1645; in attendance on Charles I in Wales, autumn of 1645; cavalry commandant in Wales; defeated at Denbigh, Nov. 1645; fell back on Worcester, 1646; joined Lord Astley, 1646; crushed at Stow-on-the-Wold, 1646; escaped to Holland; major-general in Ireland, 1648; killed in battle at Rathmines.
^ William Vaughan (.. 1719), a Londoner; emigrated to Portsmouth, New England, 1667.
^ William Vaughan (171?–1780?), Jacobite soldier; a Herefordshire catholic: Joined Prince Charles Edward at Preston, 1746; lieutenant-colonel; Uloden to France, 1746; accompanied Charles to Madrid, 1747; entered the Spanish s major-general, 1777; went to Buenos Ayres. 1778.
^ William Vaughan (1752-1850), author; a director of the Royal Exchange Corporation, London, 17X3-1829; adv sion, 1791; published pamphlets urging extension of London docks, 1793-7. l7
^ John Vaus or Vascus (1490?–1588?), Scottish grammarian: native of Aberdeen: studied at Paris: Latin professor, Aberdeen, 1516, till death; published a Latin grammar, 16 W (valuable to the students of early Boots dialect).
^ Thomas Vautoe (. 1619), musician ; servant of Buekingham'R father; Mus.Bac. Oxford, 1616; ilrfllcatod M.ulrlgab to Buckingham, 1619.
^ Thomas Vautrolliek (d. 1587?X printer: Huguenot refugee; freeman of the StationersCompany. 1564; owned press in Blackf riar, 1570; fined for printing unlicensed books, 1578-9: left his press in hi-, wife's charge and started bookselling in Edinburgh, 1680: returned to London, but left to avoid prosecution; printed six works (including James VI's poetical Ksayes) at Edinburgh, 1584, and two works in 1586; returned to London; his impression of John Knox'a History of the Reformation suppressed; translated a French tractate onAposta*V1587.
^ Anne Vaux (.ft. 1608–1636). recusant: third daughter of William Vaux, third baron Vaux; tinder the name of Mrs. Perkins harboured the jenit Henr darnel t; her bouse frequented by the gunpowder plotters at Wands worth, 1604, and at En field, 1606; imprisoned at Hindlip, when Garuett was arrested there, 1606: her school, near Derby, for Homau catholic youth closed by the privy council, 1636.
^ Edward Vaux , fourth BARON VAUX or HARROWDEN (1591–1662), succeeded to the barony, 1696; lived chiefly on the continent.
^ Laurence Vaux (1619–1586), Roman catholic divine: B.D. Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 1556; fellow of Manchester collegiate church, and warden, 1668; withdr.-.v with the college vestments and plate to Ireland. 1559; visited England, 1661; withdrew to Louvain before 1664; visited Rome, 1666; brought to England papal decree forbidding attendance at Anglican services, 16M: published hisCatechismat Louvaiu, 1667: became an Augnstinian canon, 157J; cent on the Enirli'h mission, 1580; prisoner in London, 1580-6.
^ Vaux Bin NICHOLAS, first BARON VAUX of HARROWDEN (. 1523), courtier and soldier; son of Sir William Vaux; page to Margaret, countess of Richmond; restored to hJTestates by Henry VII's first parliament, 1486; fought against Lambert Sirnnel at Stoke, 1487; knighted; enclosed much common-land in Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire, 1490-1609; governor of Guisnes, near Calais, 1602-M; married Anne (ireen, a great territorial beireta, 1607; entertained H.-nry VIII at Harrawden, 1611; served in France, 1513-14: a member of the embassy to France, 1618; prosecuted for enclosing common-laud, 1619; in attendance on Henry VIII in France, 1690; created Baron Vaux , of Harrowden, 153. IviU. 1W}
^ Thomas Vattx , second BARON VAUX OF HARROWDEN (1510–1556), poet ; son of Sir Nicholas Vaux, first haron Vaux; educated at Cambridge; suco-de-l to Uirony, 1623; attended Wolscy to France, 16U7, and Henry VIII, 1532; resigned captaincy of Jersey, 1536; verses by him appeared posthumously in Tottel's Miscellany 1667, and The Paradyse of daynty deuises 1576.
^ Vatjx Pin WILLIAM (d. 1471), Lancastrian leader ; of Harrowdt'i), Northamptonshire; attainted and his estates confiscated by Edward IV's first parliament, 1461; killed in battle at Tewkesbury.
^ William Vaux , third BARON VAUX OF HARROWDEN (1642?–1595), son of Thomas Vaux, second baron Vanz: succeeded to barony, 1566; harboured Edmund Campioc, 1580; imprisoned and fined, 1581.
^ William Sandys Wright Vatjx (1818–1885), antiquary; entered Westminster School, 1831; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1842; entered British Museum service, 1841, and was keeper of coins and medals, 18611870: catalogued Bodleian coins, 1871-6; published works OD Greek, Egyptian, and Assyrian art and history.
^ John Vavasour (d. 1506?), judge; serjeant-atlaw, 1478; king's serjeant, 1483; recorder of York, 1486; justice of common pleas, 1490.
^ George Veal (ft. 1774–1818). See COLLIER,
^ David Vedder (1790–1854), Scottish poet ; native of Orkney: captain of a whaler, 1812; excise officer, 1880-62; published poems, 1828-42; edited Reynard the Fox 1862.
^ Veel or VEAL, EDWARD (1632?–1708), nonconformist tutor; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1654: preshyterian minister of Dunboyne. 1655: fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; B.D., 1661; left Ireland, 1662; had a church in Wappiug, 1668, and a school in Stepney; published sermons.
^ Veale Veel , or VEIL, ROBERT (1648–1674?), poetaster; of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; lived in London; publishedNew Court Songp 1672.
^ Thomas Veel (1591?–1663), royalist ; governor of Berkeley Castle, 1644; fined for delinquency; fought at Worcester, 1651; took part in the Gloucestershire rising, 1659, and had his estates confiscated; given a post at the Exchange, 1662.
^ James Veitch , LORD ELIOCK (1712–1793), Scottish judge; Scottish advocate, 1738; visited Germany and began a correspondence with Frederick the Great* 1739; sheriff-depute of Peebles, 1747; M.P., Dumfriesshire, 17551760; a lord of session, 1761.
^ John Veitch (1829–1894), man of letters : educated at Peebles, Edinburgh University, and Free Church college; influenced by Sir William Hamilton (1788-1856) : assistant to Hamilton when logic professor, Edinburgh, 1866-60: logic professor at St. Andrews, 1860, and at Glasgow, 1864-94; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1872; published memoirs of Dugald Stewart, 1857, and Sir William Hamilton, 1869; poems, 1875-89; philosophical works, 1885-96, including Dualism and Monism 1895, and critiques of Scottish border poetry, 1887-93.
^ William Veitch (1640–1722), covenanter; M.A. Glasgow, 1659; licensed to preach, 1664; outlawed, 1667; lived in England as * Mr. Johnson latterly as pastor in Northumberland (1671-9): prisoner on the Bass, 1679; aided the Earl of Argyll's escape, 1681: fled to Holland, 1683; tried to raise Northumberland against James II, 1685; pastor at Beverley: subsequently held charges in Scotland; published sermons and controversial tracts.
^ William Vzitch (1794–1888), classical scholar: rducated at Jedburgh and Edinburgh University; licentiate of the Scottish church; private tutor in Edinburgh from 1843; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1866; publistedGreek Verbs, Irregular and Defective 1848; edited classical text* f flviii. 201
^ Margaret Veley (1843–1887), novelist and poet r began to publish, 1870; issuedFor Percival her bett novel, 1878.
^ Thomas Velley (1748?–180C), botanist: D.C.L. I Oxford, 1787; studied the alga;; wrote on marine plant?-.
^ Edmund Venables (1819–1895), antiquary and I divine; of Merchant TaylorsSchool: M.A. Cambridge, i 1845; curate at Hurstmonceux, 1844-53: removed to I Bonchurch, 1853; precentor of Lincoln, 1867-95; published guide-books to the Isle of Wight and Lincoln City: contributed to encyclopaxlias and biblical and biographical dictionaries.
^ Edward Frederick Venables (1818–1858), a hero of the Indian mutiny; inherited a Shropshire estate, 1856; indigo- planter near Azimghur; rescued the Europeans there, July 1857; led the cavalry in the victory at Mandori, September 1857; mortally wounded in action.
^ George Stovtn Venables (1810–1888), journalist; educated at the Charterhouse, London: fellow and tutor of Jesus College, Cambridge; M.A., 1835; barrister, Inner Temple, 1836; retired from practice, 1882; contributed to the Saturday Review 1855, and to The Times 1857-88; friend of Alfred Tennyson.
^ Robert Venables (1612?–1687), soldier ; lieutenant-colonel in the parliamentary army: wounded at Chester, 1645; governor of Liverpool, 1648: served with success in Ireland. 1649-54; sent, with Admiral Penn, against the Spanish West Indies, 1654; routed at Hispaniola, 1655; successful at Jamaica, 1655; sent to the Tower of London, September 1666; cashiered, October 1655; governor of Chester, 1660; remained a nonconformist; bought Wiucham; published a treatise on angling, 1662.
^ Cadwaladr Vendigald (d. 664?). See CAD
^ Francesco Vendramini (fl. 1805), engraver ; settled at St. Petersburg, c. 1805.
^ Giovanni Vendramini (1769–1839), line and stipple engraver; an Italian; came to England, 1788; pupil of Bartolozzi; visited Russia, 1805-7. Iviii. 206}
^ Henry Venn (1725–1797), evangelical divine; son of Richard Venn; M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1749: fellow of Queens College, Cambridge, 1749-57; curate of Clapham, 1754; vicar of Huddersfield, 1759: rector of Yelling, 1771-97; published sermons and devotional works.
^ Henry Venn (1796–1873), divine ; son of John Venn (1759-1813); fellow of Queens College, Cambridge, 1819-29: B.D., 1828; vicar of Drypool. 1827: incumbent of St. John's, Holloway, London, 1834-46: honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society, 1841-73; published sermons, pamphlets, and memoir.
^ John Venn (1586–1650), regicide; warden of the Merchant Taylors Company, 1641; traded in wool with the west of England and Ireland; a member of the Massachusetts Company, 1629-44; captain in the artillery company, 1636; M.P., London, in the Long parliament, 1640; colonel of foot in the parliamentary army, 1642; governor of Windsor, 1642-5: in command at Northampton, 1646; afterwards resided at Hammersmith and attended parliament; signed Charles I's death warrant.
^ John Venn (1647–1687), master of Balliol College, Oxford, 1678-87; vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1686-7.
^ John Venn (1759–1813), divine; son of Henry Venn (1725-1797); M.A. Cambridge, 1784; rector of Clapham, 1792-1813; a founder of the Church Missionary Society, 1797, and member of the Clapham sect.
^ Richard Venn (1691–1740), divine; educated at Blundell's school, Tiverton, and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1716; rector of St. Antholin's, London, 1725-40; published sermons.
^ Richard Vennar or Vennard (d. 1615), author; of Balliol Collesre, Oxford; travelled; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1581; visited Scotland aixi flattered James VT, 1GOO; imprisoned on hin return; published Right Vuy to H.-.Mi.-i,;;. money for performed, beth; cheated many people by taking entrance money for a iii:i~.i:.-, wind,, though promised, was never loyat the Swan, 1603; publi Apology fur his conduct, 1614; died in a pri-un.
^ Thomas Venner (d, 1661), plotter; a cooper: resid. Mil in Massachusetts, 1638; Fifth-monarchy preacher in London; planned a rising, 1657; prisoner in the Tower of London, !,.:,; 9: li.-aded a rising to MA up the Fifth monarchy, 1661; executed.
^ Tobias Venner (1577–1660), medical writer; M.A. Oxford. 1G03; M.D., 1613; practised, from 1603, at Petbert..n. and. in ttie season, at Bath: published The Bathes of Bathe 1620, Via recta ad vitam longam 1630, and a polemic against tobacco, 1621.
^ John Venning (1776–1868), philanthropist; a London merchant; resident in St. Petersburg, 1793; settled in Norfolk, 1830; advocated prison reform.
^ Ralph Venning (1621?–1674), nonconformist divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1650; lecturer in Southwark; ejected, 1663; preacher at Pewterers' Hall, London, 1663-74; published sermons and tracts.
^ Walter Venning (1781–1821), philanthropist; a London merchant: resided at St. Petersburg, 1799-1807; advocated prison reform, 1815-21; died at St. Petersburg.
^ Henry George Vennor (1840–1884), Canadian meteorologist: born and educated at Montreal; attached to the Canadian geological survey, 1865-81: published theVernier Almanac 1877, and aMonthly Bulletin 1882, forecasting the weather; wrote on Canadian ornithology.
^ Ventbj 8, SIR PEYTON (1645–1691), jnd?e: barrister, Middle Temple, 1661: M.P., Ipswich. 19; justice of the common pleas, and knighted, 1689; his Reports from 1645 to 1691, published, 1696.
^ John Verbruggen (. 1688–1707?), a favourite actor on the London stage; nicknamed Alexander, 16881694.
^ Mrs Verbruggen . SUSANNA (1667?-1703), actress; daughter of Percival, a London actor: married, July 1686, William Mountfort; married secondly, e. 1693, John Verbruggen; the leading London actress in comedy from her first appearance in 1681.
^ Verdon or VERDUN, BERTRAM DK (d. 1192), fudge; sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 11681183: a justiciary, 1175-8; a justice itinerant, 1175-9; founded Croxden Abbey, 1176: seneschal of Ireland, 11 M1186; accompanied llichard I to Palestine, 1190-1: died atJoppa.
^ Theobald Dk Verdon , the elder (124SP-1309), baron; son and heir of John de Verdon: visited Ireland, 1275, 1285, 1295-9; personally attended the parliament at Lincoln, 1301.
^ Theobald Dk Verdon , the yoongcr (d. 1316), baron; son and heir of Theobald de Verdon the r.: substitute for his father in the Scottish campaign, ...J; knighted, 1298; summoned to parliament. 1299; succeeded to the estates, 1309; lieutenant of Ireland, 1313.
^ Family of Vere , derived from Ver, near Bayeux ; founded in England by Aubrey Albericus) de Verc. who received from the Conqueror the great est*te of thegn Wolf wine in Xx and neighbouring counties. The chief seat of the Veres was at Castle Hedingbam, Essex, where their great stone keep still stands. Iheir burial-place was Earl's Colne priory, founded by them. The badge was a blue boar verres), and the motto Vero nifvcrtu*. The house became extinct in 1703 in Aubrey de Vere, twentieth earl
^ Aubrky Dk Vere (d. 114 IX great chamberlain: successor of Albericus de Vere senior: joint-sheriff of London, 1125; joint-sheriff of eleven counties, 1130; appointed hereditary great chamberlain, 1133; adherent of King Stephen; killed in a riot in London. * V* *M*VUSB; VVt * V .-. !,...::.:...,. ....,:,.,:.: V. to FrMi.ce, 1376 and 1381; chamber
^ Vere vriiHBY DR, tr-t KARL or OXFORD Q nines in rightof his wife, 1 1S9 7-1 Ul: adopted tbt of Empress lUod: created earl by her. 1143, with tbr choice of Msowntitk; conflnntd by Henry II M CM! o* 1IW.
^ Aubrey Dc Vere , tenth KARL or Oxftwn (1340?1400), second MO of John d Tent, serenUi earl of Oxford; steward of Haverinff forest, 1KO, and of Hadley Oastle, Ac., 1378; to LqnriM, is..;; 1375-83; an envoy to 1 lain of the household, 1381; foutremoved from court by the Ueretiew parliament, 1188: was created Karl of Oxford, 1393, and iweived the muitat estates, but not the lord chmnbrrUliwhlp: beoune tenth earl by succession on the reversal of the attainder of his nephew, Robert d Vere, ninth ear!, 1S97; attainder replaosd, 1190.
^ Aubrey Dk Vere , twentieth R.ftf. or OxroKO do; UW m md bsir ol Roberl Ac v,:.. earl: succeeded, 16*3: brought up in FrinUnd: in th.- Dutch service till 164H: his ntate* wqnei by parliament, 1651; imprisoned a a royolUt, 1M and 1659; an envoy to recall Charles II. 1MO: lord-lieutenant of Eatex and colonel of the Oxfonl blues regiment, 1661; privy councillor, 1669; pensioned, 1670; opposed James ll's arbitrary measures, Itt88; joined the Prince of Orange, less; lieutenant-general, 1689; fought at ttw Boyne; a whig lord. Llvili
^ Vrb 8m AUBREY DR (1788–1846), See DB
^ Charles Broke Sir (1779-1*43), majorgeneral; named Charle* Broke: took the name Vere, 1833; ensign, 1796; major, 18u8: lientcnantolooel, 1813: quartermaster-general, 1815: served iu Holland. 1799, at Buenos Ayres, 1807, throughout the IVniusular war. 1809-14, and at Waterloo: K.C.B.. 1815: tory M.P. for East Suffolk, 1835-43; major-general, 1837.
^ Edward Uk Vere . seventeenth EARL or OXFORD (1550-1604), poet; only son of John de Vere, sixteenth carl of Oxford; styled Lord llulbeck; of Queens and St. John's Colleges, Cambridge, from 1558: succeeded to the earldom, 1562; a royal ward in Cecil's (Burghley's) household; a prominent figure at Elizabeth's court, 1564-82; married, 1671, Anne Cecil (Uuiyldey's daughter. who died 1588): angry at the prosecution of the Duke of Norfolk, 1572: withdrew to Flanders, but was brought back, 1574; travelled in Italy, 1575-6: jwtron of a company of players; quarrelled with Sir Philip Sidney. 1579; in disgrace at court on account of hi* violent temper, 1583-3; eat as judge of Mary Queen of Scou, 1586: served against the Armada, 1588; alienatol his estates: officiated as lord great cluuuberlain, 1603: verses by him I printed in miscellanies, 1576-1600; collected niitton, 1873.
^ Sir Francis Vere (1560–1609) soldier; brought up by Sir William Browne; visited Poland, 1580: accompanied Leicester's expedition to Holland, 1585; in Lord Willouguby de Krwby's horn; from 1586; ci 1586; distinguished himself iu the defence of Slays,. August, 1587, and of Bcrgen-op-Zoom, 1588: knighted: visited England, 1588: second in command of the English contingent in Holland, 1589: acting commander from August 1589 -..relieved Rheinberg, 1589; took part in a brilliant series of sieges and surprise*, from that of Breda, 15MU, to that of Groningen, 1594: iu the regular pay of the Dutch states from 1593; served with the Cadis expedition, 1596, and the Azores expedition, 1597: returuel to Holland, 1597; took part in the victory at Turnhout, 1698; negotiated agreement twtween Dutch states and Queen Elizabeth, 1598; appointed governor of Brill in the autumn of 1598; returned to Holland, 1599: took part in the victories at Bommcl, 1599, and Nlenport. 1600; successfully defended Ofttend, 1601-3: dangerously wounded at Grave, 1C02; retired from the Dutch service, 1601; paid a final vi-it to Holland, 1605-6: governor of 1'ortamoutu, 1G06: hl -Commentaries an account of his services, published, 1057; * benefactor of the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
^ Henry de Vere, eighteenth Earl of Oxford (1593-1625), son of Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford; succeeded, 1604: entered the Inner Temple, hon. M.A. Oxford, lijo:.; K.B., 1610: travelled, . -lik-fly in Italy, 1613-1*: admitted hereditary great chamberlain, 1619; served in the Palatinate, 1620; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1621 and 1622-3, through offence given to Buckingham; went to serve in Holland, 1624; died at the Hague.
^ Sir Horace Vere, Baron Vere of Tilbury 1566-1635), soldier; served under his brother. Sir Francis Vere, in Holland, 1590-4, and at Cadiz, 1596; knighted, 1596; distinguished himself at Nieuport, 1600 and Osteud, 1602; took over from Sir Francis Vere command of English in Holland, 1604: distinguished him--lf at the roj-ovi-ry of Sluys, 1604, and in the defeat of Mulheim, 1605: returned to England; governor of Brill, 1609-16; served at Juliers, 1610; governor of Utrecht, 1618; salted from England in command of the English troops for the Palatinate, 1620; garrisoned the Palatinate, winter, 1620; forced to capitulate at Mannheim, 1622; returned to England, 1623; master-general of the ordnance; repulsed by Spinola at Breda, 1625; returned to England; created Baron Vere, 1625; served at the sieges of Bois-le-Duc, 1629, and Maastricht, 1632.
^ John De Vere , seventh EARL op OXFORD (1313–1380), succeeded his uncle, April 1331; served in Scotland, 1333, 1335, and 1343, in Flanders, 1339, in Brittany, 1343, 1845, at Orecy, 1346, and at Poitiers, 1356; died in the Burgundy campaign.
^ John Dk Vere , twelfth EARI, OP OXPORD (1408?1462), succeeded his father, 1417: married the heiress of the barony of Plaiz before 1429; served in France, 1436 and 1441; executed on charge of planning a Lancastrian rising.
^ John De Vere , thirteenth EARL OP OXFORD (1443–1513), son of John de Vere, twelfth earl; succeeded, 1462: obtained the reversal of the attainder see AUBREY UK VKKE, tenth KAUL, 1464: imprisoned as a suspected Lancastrian, 1468; helped to restore Henry VI, 1470; escaped to France from Barnet field, 1471; seized St. Michael's Mount, 1473: prisoner in Hammes Castle, near Calais, 1474-84: attainted, 1475; joined Richmond Henry VII) in Paris, 1484; accompanied him to England: fought at Bos worth, 1485; obtained reversal of his attainder and the hereditary chamberlainship; constable of the Tower of London, i486, with many other places; fought at Stoke, 1487, and In Picardy, 1492; joined in suppressing the Cornish insurgents, 1497; entertained Henry VII at Castle Hediugham, 1498.
^ John Uk Vere , fifteenth EARL OP OXFORD (1490?1540), courtier of Henry VIII; knighted, 1513; succeeded his ancle, 1514; the first protestaut Earl of Oxford.
^ John Dk Vere , sixteenth EARL op OXFORD (1512?I562X son of John de Vere, fifteenth earl of Oxford ; succeeded, 1540; served in Prance, 1544; declared for Queen Mary, 1553; entertained Queen Elizabeth at Castle Hedingham, 1561.
^ Robert Dk Vere , third EARL op OXFORD (1170?12S1), second son of Aubrey de Vere, first earl of Oxford ; married, c. 1208, the heiress of the Buckinghamshire Bolehec*; succeeded his brother, 1214; one of the twenty-five executors of Magua Charta.
^ Robert Dk Vere , ninth EARL of OXFORD and duke of Ireland (1362–1392), succeeded his father, 1371 ; married Philippa de Couci, 1378; became a bosom friend of Richard II, 1381; granted lands and stewardships, 1382-5; accompanied Richard II to Scotland, 13H5; created Marquis of Dublin, 1385, with regal powers in Ireland, and Duke of Dublin, 1386; exercised these powers through a deputy, Sir John Stanley, 1385-H; attended Richard II during his summer progress, 1387: divorced his wife, 1387 (divorce annulled. 1389); charged jy the lords appellant with treason, 1387; escaped to Cheater, rained troops, and marched on London; deserted by his troops at Witney; escaped in disguise to London, and witlidrew to the Netberland*, and thence to Paris; attainted, 1388; settled at Louvain, e. 1389; killed in A boar-hunt; solemnly re-buried at Earl's Colne by Richard II. 1396.
^ Charles Vereker , second Viscount Gort (O7W-1842), entered the navy, 1782; M.P., Limerick, : 1790-1817; lieutenant-colonel of the Limerick militia; cheeked the French under HumlK'rt at Sligo, 17H; opposed the union, 1799; succeeded his uncle in the peerage, 1817; Irish representative peer. 1*211.
^ Harmen Verelst (1643?–1700?), painter; went to London, 1683.
^ Harry Verelst (d. 1785), governor of Bengal; went to Bengal, 1750; imprisoned by Suraj ud Dowlah, 1758; in charge of Chittagoug, 1761-5: governor of Bengal, 1767-9, carrying out Olive's policy: returned to England, 1770; ruined by litigation raised by corrupt Bengal influences; published a narrative of English Government in Bengal 1772; died at Boulogne.
^ Simon Verelst (1644–1721?), flower and portrait painter; native of the Hague; came to London, 1669, and was for a time highly popular.
^ Willem Verelst (fl. 1740), portrait-painter in London.
^ Polydore Vergil (1470?-1555?), historian; born at Urbino; studied at Bologna and Padua; secretary to the Duke of Urbiuo; chamberlain to Pope Alexander VI: published Proverbiorum Libellus Venice, 1498, anticipating Erasmus's Adagia; published De Inventoribus Reruin Venice, 1499 (enlarged, 1521); resided in England as sub-collector of Peter's pence, 1502-15; non-resident rector of Church Langtou, 1503; prebendary of Hereford, 1507-55, of Lincoln, 1507, and of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, 1513-55; archdeacon of Wells, 1508-54; asked by Henry VII to write the history of England, 1505; naturalised, 1510; visited Rome, 1514; imprisoned, at Wolsey's instance, 1515; visited Rome, 1516; returned to England, 1517; edited Gildas, 1525; published hisAnglicae Historiae Libri xxvi. Basle, 1534 (brought down to 1509, continued to 1538 in the 1555 edition), of special value for Henry VII's reign; returned to Italy, 1551; published other treatises and translations.
^ Pietro Martire Vermigli (1500–1562), reformer; known as Peter Martyr; born in Florence: Augustinian monk at Fiesole, 1516, and Padua, 1519; D.D. Padua; learnt Greek and Hebrew; sent to different towns as Lent or Advent preacher from 1527; head of the convent at Spoleto, 1530, and Naples, 1533; read Bucer and Zwingli; removed to Lucca, 1541; fled from Italy as a suspected heretic, 1542; divinity professor at Strasburg, 1542-7; married an ex-nun there; brought to London by Cranmer, 1547; incorporated D.D. and appointed divinity professor at Oxford, 1548; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1551; one of the commissioners to revise the ecclesiastical code, 1551 (this code was published, 1571); his wife buried in Christ Church Cathedral, 1553 (exhumed, 1557. reinterred, 1558); left England, 1553; divinity professor at Strasburg, 1554; Hebrew professor at ZUrich, 1556; corresponded with English protestants; attended the conference at Poissy, 1561; published theological treatises and commentaries from 1543; died at Zurich.
^ Sir Cornelius Vermuyden (1595?–1683?), engineer; native of Holland; repaired the Thames embankments in Essex, 1621: encountered much opposition in his drainage of part of the fens, 1622, and of Axholnae, 1626; grunted portions of the reclaimed lauds, 1625-9; knighted, 1629; engineer of theBedford levelto drain theGreat Fens 1629-37, 1649-56; sent by Cromwell to solicit a close alliance with Holland, 1653; projected the drainage of Sedgemoor, 1656.
^ John Verneuil (1583?–1647), sub-librarian (1618 till death) of the Bodleian Library; born in Bordeaux; M.A. Montauban; came to Oxford. 118; incorporated as M.A. 1625; catalogued sermons; published translations.
^ Sir Edmund Verney (1590 - 1642), soldier; studied at St. Alban Hall, Oxford; travell.-d in Holland and France; knighted, 1611; visited Madrid: servant of Prince Charles, Kil3; followed Charles to Madrid, 1623; M.P., Buckingham, 1624, Aylesbury, 1028, Chipping Wycombe in the Short and Long parliaments, keeper of Marshalsea prison, 162: attended diaries I to So iOo'J: uppoiiitul standaru n lull. 1 1 vi 1 1
^ Edmund Verney KiiMr.M) (U16-1649), soldi.-r; nn nf sir Edmund Verney (1590-1612): atW: i.:il,.i Magdalen Hall, Oxford. 1636; served in Srotland. LAM, m i Under* and Scotland. in In-land,: defended Chaster, 1644 1646: vitiidn--v tn Kirn beforo 1648; returned to Ireland with niM.n.ir, 1GI9; slain at Drogheda.
^ Francis Verney (1684–1615), pirate; of Trinity College, Oxford, 1600; knighted, 1604; sold his estate; deserted his wife and went abroad, 1608; joined the pirate of Algiers; died at Messina.
^ Sir Harry Verney, neooixl baronet (1801–1894), son of Sir Harry Culvert; sooceeded to his ronetcy, 1826: assumed UM name Veruey on raooeedinf In 1817 to the OUydon e*te* la Boaktaftanshire; educated at Harrow and Sandhurst; military attache at Stuttgart, 1818-20; travelled in America, l-7 u: studil in Cambridge. 1831-3: liberal M. P. for Buckingham, 1832-36. Iviii. 263)
^ John Verney (1699–1741 X judge : of New College, Oxford, 1714; )KU. D.C.L., 1737: barrister. Middle Temple, 1721; M.P., Downton, 1722-34; chief-justice of Chester, 1734; master of the roll*, 1738.
^ Verney Silt RALPH, first baronet (1613–1696), poUticiuii: eldest sou of Kir Kduiund Verney (1690-1642) ; educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford: M.P., Aylesbury, i" ttie Short and Long parliament*, 1640; opposed to Laud; knighted, 1641; took notes of proceedings in the Long parliament (published, 1845); refused the coveiiaut and went abroad, 1A48; his estates confiscated, 1646, but restored, 1650; returned to England, 166 3; imprisoned, 1666; created baronet, 1661; M.P., Buckingham, 1680, 1686, 1689.
^ Ralph Verney , second EABL VKRNEY and third Yiflcouxr FKRMANAUU in the peerage of Ireland (1712 ?1791), whig politician; succeeded his father, 1762; M.I. Wendover, 1763, and Buckinghamshire, 1768-91; patron of Edmund Burke; squandered bis estate.
^ Richard Verney , third UAKOS Wii.i.m .,ii' v DK BKOKK (1621-1711), of lu-lton; sheriff of Rutland, 1682; knighted, 1685; M.P., Warwickshire, 1GH5, 1690; established his claim to the barony, 1695.
^ Family of Vernon , named from Vernon, departement Eure, Normandy. Richard de Vernon cauie to England with William I, and settled nt Sliipbrook, Cheshire. William do Vernon, tempore Henry III, acquired Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, by marriage with the heiress of the Avenels. Dorothy Vernon (d. 1684), daughter ami heiress of Sir (ieorge Vernon (rf. 1567), tlie hist male representative of the family's main bniuch, eloped with Sir Jolin Maniu-rs. by whom she was ancestress of the Dukes of Rutluud, and thus Haddon Hall passed into their possession.
^ Augustus Henry Vernon , sixth BARON Vernon (1829-18H3), eldest son of George John Warren Yernon, fifth baron Vernon; born nt Rome; captain in the guards, retired, 1861; succeeded, 1866.
^ Edward Vernon (1884–1757), admiral : second son of James Vernon; entered the navy, 17uo: engaged in active service, 17U 1-7, chiefly in the Mediterranean, 1707-12, chiefly in the West Indies, 1716-17, 171.* 1721, and 1726-8. chiefly in the Baltic, and 1739-42, in the West Indies; lieutenant. 1702: captuin, 1706: admiral, 1746: M.P., Penryn, 17l2: advocated war with Spain, 1731; took the defenceless Porto Bello, 1739, but, in conjunction with Brigadier-general Wentworth, failed miserUl.ly at Cartagena, in 1741. at Santiago in Cuba, and Manama: first to issue rum diluted with water ( grog), 1740; bought Nacton; M.I, Ipswich: given command in North Sou. 1745; attacked the admiralty in anonymous pamphlets, 1746-6; cashiered, 1746.
^ Sir Edward Vernon (1723–1794), admiral : educated at Portsmouth Royal Academy, 1736-9; OH active service, chiefly in the Mediterranean, 1739-62: lieutenant, 1743- captain, 1763; employed on harbour duty, 17G3-76; knighted, 1773; commauder-iu-chief in the Ka-t 1776-81: rear-admiral, 1779; admiral, 1794. Iviii.
^ Edward Venables Vernon (1767–1847). S,r HAKH-KT, EUWAKU. '37 7-1677), traretbT: edo M.it vv,-tm.!, to i..,:.. tv. i..,-.;M; M.A 16W: travelled: nrrrur to Sweden, 1M8, and at 1 :... ..: n -;..!..,!.. 8m OBOBOB (178?-1639), jodir. emple, 1604: baron of the exchequer aii :...:..: i,; I,,... pronounoed hip-money total, 1*17.
^ Okoiu Vernon lK(lM7-17JOXdlvlne: M.A. viwwiwt n io-i College, Oxford, 1660; chaplain of AD Oxford: rector of Sarsden, 1WS: r*. tor of Bo the- Water, Gloucester* hi re; wrote against John Owen the independent. 1670, and Sir Thomas Overbury the younger, 1677: pabUVhid Lite of Peter Heylin 1681.
^ Ok Vxrnon iiIMlB JOHN WARREN, fifth BAKOK (1803-1H66). of Ku.li.tiry, I* rt.ynhire: tyled George Joh u Venablw Vernon: M.K. IVrbyshlre. 1831-*; succeeded to barony, 1816; obamccd his name to George John Warren, 1837: lived mostly in Florence: pubUaned Dante texts and commentaries. Including L'Inferno di Daute Alighieri dipo*to in online grmmmatioale 18*81866. IvilL 176J
^ James Vernon (1646–1717), secretary of state : M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1669; incorporated M.A. Cambridge, 1676; political agent in Holland, 1671; attached to the Paris embassy, 1671: secretary to the Duke of Monmouth, 1674-8; edited the official London Oatette 1678-89: M.P., Cambridge University, 1678-9; assistant in the secretary of state's office, 1689. 1692, 1694; a commissioner of pruwa, 1691-1706: M.P., Penryn, 1696-8, Westminster, 1698-1702, Penryn, 1706-10: traced out Sir John Fi-nw i.-ki plot, 1696; principal secretary of state, 1698-1702; teller of Die exchequer, 1702-lu.
^ Joseph Vernon ( 1738?–1782 X actor and dnger: sang soprano at Drnry Lane, London, 1761; singer of tenor parts and actor of comedy at Drury Lane, 1764; married at the Savoy Chapel, London, 1754; withdrew to Dublin, to escape the odium incurred by hi* i annulled; "a favourite at Drury Lane, 1762-81 composed songs; compiled a song-book, 1782.
^ Vernon or PEMBRUOB, SIR RICHARD DK (d. 1451), of Haddon, Derbyshire; acquired tlie iVmhrugu estates by marriage: M.I, Derbyshire, 1422 and 1426; speaker of the House of Commons, 1426.
^ Richard Vernon (1796–1800), 'father of the turf some time captain in the guards; M.P. successively for Tavistock, Bedford, Okehampton, and Newcastle-under-Lyme, 1764-90; a founder of the Jockey Club; began training horseses at Newmarket, r. 1763.
^ Robert Vernon (1774–1849), art patron; contractor for army horses, r. 1799: bought pictures, mostly by British artists, from 1820; presented 157 of them to the nation, 1847.
^ Robert Vernon, Baron Lyveden (1800–1871).
^ Thomas Vernon (1664–1721), taw reporter: of Haiibury Hall. Won-e*tenhirf: barrister. Middle Temple. 1679; practised in chiuuvry: whig M.P Worcester, 17161721; coiuj.il.-i report* of chancery dedskns( 1681-1718), published in 1726-8.
^ Thomas Vzenon (1824?–1872), Une-engav*r. VfRON, JOHN (d. 1663), protertaut controvwrtftU*; born near Sens: stodied at Orleans, 1634; came to England, 1536: studied at Cambridge: rector of St. Alpbage. Cripplegate, London, 1661-4; Imprisoned for scditiou* preaching, 1663-8; prabendarv oTst. Paul's, London. 1869-61; rector of St. Martin's,, Ludgate, London, and I vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1*60-1; pi troversial tracts and translations, 1648-61; a Latin-English dictionary by him brought out, 1676.
^ Anton Verrio 10(1619?–1707),decoratlvepmintiT : born near Otranto; history-painter in Prance; employed by Cliarles II and James II to decorate Windsor Castle, Ac., and by William III and Anne to decorate Hampton
^ Verstegen " Oonrt: decorated many English nol.: -:iti rteed by Pope for thesprawlim:;i;iHMranee of the figures in bis decorative paintin-. lvii.
^ Richard Verstegen (. 1565-1C20). See Richard Rowlands .
^ Verttte (JKollGE (1684–1766), engraver and antiquary; worked for Michael Van der Gucht; set up for himself, 1709; a prolific engraver of portrait-:: travelled about England, engraving objects of antiquarian interest; official engraver to the Society of Antiquaries, 1717-66; designed the Oxford almanacs, 1723-51; collected materials fur the history of art in England.
^ Barox Verulam (1561 - 162(5). Sec BACON, Francis
^ Baroxs Vesci . See CLIFFORD, HEXIJY UK, first Baron 1455?-1523: CLIFFORD, HKXKY UK, second BARON, 1493-1542; CLIFFORD, HEXRY DK, third BARON, d. 1570.
^ Eustace de Vescy or Vesci (1170?-1216), baron; served with Richard I in Palestine, 1195; envoy from King John to William the Lion of Scotland, 1199; served in Ireland, 1210; fled to Scotland to escape a charge of treason, 1212; married an illegitimate daughter of William the Lion; recalled by King John, 1213; one of the barons who forced John to sign Magna Charta, and one of the twenty-five executors of it; excommunicated, 1216; killed at Barnard Castle.
^ John de Vescy (d. 1289), baron; of Alnwick; succeeded his father, 1263; supported Simon de Montfort; summoned to parliament, 1265: wounded at Evesham, 1265; in rebellion, 1267, but subdued by Prince Edward: accompanied Prince Edward to Palestine, 1270; served in Wales, 1277 and 1282; envoy to Aragon, 1282, and Holland, 1285.
^ William de Vescy (1249?–1297), baron; held Gloucester for the barons, 1265; served in Wales, 1277 and 1282; succeeded his brother, John de Vescy, in the estates, 1289; advanced a claim to the Scottish crown, 1290; inherited Kildare from his mother, Agnes Marshall, 1290: lord justice of Ireland, 1290-4: sent on a mission to Gascony, 1295; surrendered Kildare Castle to Edward I, 1297.
^ William Dk Vescy (d. 1314), styled 'of Kildare'; bastard son of William de Vescy (1249 ?-1297); given the De Vesci estates in Yorkshire by his father, 1397; served in Scotland, 1300: sold Alnwick to the Percies, 1309; summoned to parliament, 1313 and 1314; killed at Bannockburn.
^ Baron Vesey (1783–1843). See William Vesey FitzGerald.
^ Elizabeth Vesey (1715?–1791), leader of literary society; daughter of Sir Thomas Vesey; married William Handcock,and secondly, before 1746, Agmondesham Vesey, friend of Edmund Burke and member of Dr. Johnson's club; had a literary salon in London, 1770-84: became imbecile, 1789.
^ John Vesey (1638–1716), archbishop of Tuam; educated at Westminster School; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1667; D.D., 1672: beneficed in Cloyne diocese, 1661; archdeacon of Armagh, 1662-3; dean of Cork, 1667; bishop of Limerick, 1673; archbishop of Tuam, 1678; warden of Galway; withdrew to London, 1689; returned to Ireland, 1692; published sermons.
^ Sir Thomas Vesey, first baronet (1668?–1730), Irish bishop; son of John Vesey; entered Christ Church, Oxford, from Eton, 1689; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1695: M.A., 1697; married a Surrey heiress; created baronet, 1098; bishop of Killaloe, 1718, of Ossory, 1714.
^ Madame Vestris (1797-1856). See MATHEWS, LUCIA ELIZABETH.
^ James Vetch (1789–1869), engineer; educated at the military academies at Great Marlow and, 1805, Woolwich; served in the royal engineers, 1808-24: capta; n, *13: mining engineer in Mexico, 1824-9, 1832-5: K.H.S., 1830; resided in England after 1835, working on railways, drainage schemes, and harbours; projected a shipcanal at Suez, 1839-43, opposed by Palmerston:;published antiquarian and engineering treatises.
^ Samuel Vetch (168–1732 colonist; son of William Veitch (1640-1722); educated at Utrecht; officer in the Dutch army; accompanied the Prince of Orange to England, 1688; officer in the Cameronian regiment at Dunkeld, 1689, Steinkirk, 16J2, and Landen, 16!)o; captain in William Paterson's Darien colony, 1698; set tin I in Albany, New York, 1699; employed to negotiate with the Indians, 1700 and 1702, and with the Canadian French, 1705; visited London to urge the conquest of Canada. 1708 and 1709; colonel of the colonial troops at the conquest of Nova Scotia, 1710; governor of Nova Scotia, 1710-13, 1715-17; came to England to solicit his arrears of pay, 1719; neglected; died in a debtors' prison.
^ John Veysey or Voysey, alias Harman (1465?-1554), bishop of Exeter; son and heir of William Harman (d. 1470) of Moor Hall, Sutton Coldfield; took the name of Veysey or Voysey, c. 1488; fellow of Magdalen College. Oxford, 1486-7: LL.D., 14!)4: chaplain to Elizabeth, consort of Henry VII, 1489; rector of CliftonReynes, 1496-9; held chancellorship of Lichfield, 14981502; archdeacon of Chester, 1499-1515; canon of Exeter, 1503-9: vicar of St. Michael's, Coventry, 1507-20: dean of Exeter, 1509-19; canon of St. Stephen's, Westminster, 1514-18; dean of Windsor, 1515-19; dean of Wolverhampton, 1516-21: bishop of Exeter, 1519-51 and 1553-4; attended Henry VIII to France, 1520; president of the court of the marches of Wales, 1526; lived at Moor Hall, administering his diocese by deputy; forced by Edward Vl's courtiers to alienate to them much property of the see; removed, 1551, but was restored by Queen Mary; benefactor of Sutton-Coldfield.
^ De Sainbel Vial , CHARLES (1753–1793). See Sainbel
^ Hedley Shafto Johnstons Vicars (1826–1855), soldier; born in the Mauritius; entered the army, 1843; captain, 1854; from 1851 worked for the moral and religious welfare of the troops; killed in the trenches at Sebastopol.
^ John Vicars (1580?–1652), poetaster; usher at Christ's Hospital, London; presbyterian; published doggerel verses, 1617-41; wrote against episcopacy and j against the independents, 1641-8; printed a narrative of ! the civil war,Jehovah Jireh(1641-3) in 1644, continued in Gods Arke 1646; mentioned in Hudibras
^ Thomas Vicars ( ft. 1607–1641), divine; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford,i'l616; M.A., 1615; B.D., 1622; vicar of Cowfold and Guckfield, Somerset; published devotional works.
^ Thomas Vicary (d. 1561), surgeon; his name spelt also Vicars, Vikers; surgeon to Henry VIII, 152H. and sergeant-surgeon, 1536-61; several times m;ister of the Barber-Surgeons Company, London, from 1530; I granted church lands, 1542; governor of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1548, and resident director, 1554-C1. An anatomical treatise, wrongfully attributed to him, appeared, 1577.
^ John Viccars (1C04-1 660), biblical scholar; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1622; M.A. Lincoln College. Oxford, 1C25; rector of South Fambridgc, 1610, and of Battlesden; ejected, 164(J; went abroad: published, 163U, a commentary on the Psalms, drawn from ten languages.
^ Alfred Vtckers (1786–1868), landscape-painter; exhibited in London, 1813-59.
^ Alfred Gomersal Vickers (1810–1837). marine-painter; eon of Alfred Vickers
^ Richard Vickris (d. 1700), quaker; son of a Bristol merchant; visited France: prosecuted for recusancy, 1680; wrote pamphlets in defence of quakerism.
^ Benjamin Victor (?. 1778), theatrical manager; originally a London barber; tradesman in Norwich, 1722; linendraper in London; deputy-manager of a Dublin theatre, 1746-59; treasurer of Drury Lane, London, 1760-78; poet-laureate of Ireland, "l7, r r; published pamphlets and wretched verse, 1722-76, memoir of Barton Booth, 1733, and a history (covering 1710 to 1771) of the stage in London and Dublin, 1761-71.
^ Victor 1 KUDINAN!' i i A N'l IN Fl;ll.l!:ldl.. tmo, 1'itiM i:, (or many yvars known. i. admiral and sculi IM: of Priiicv Krn -t c: Hobenlobe-Laugcnburg, and of Princess Fcodnr.-..lau-i.t. -r ( Ernest Charier, gen. by Princes Victoria f Saxc-Cobnrg-Saalfeld, afterward* DoeheM of Kent; hi* mother was thus nalf-*istr to Quern Victoria; midshipman in British navy, 1848; flag-lWtennnt to Sir Harry Ki-ppel In Chin*, 18*6; retired on balf.pay owing to ill-health, 186: K.C.B. and governor and countable of Windsor Oastle, 1867; married, 1861, Launi Wllliamlna, of Admiral Sir George Francis Seymo.. and assumed title of Count i;i.-iolen; devoted himself utioccs- fully to sculpture; U.C.B. and admiral.:
^ Qukkn of The Ukitkd Kingdom of Victoria illllTAIN AMI Il(K(.M). (llld EMPRKHM OF INDIA (1810-1901). irranddaiu'ht.-r of George III, and only child of George Ill's fourth Mn, Edward Aofnttos, duke of 18JOX by Mary Louisa Victoria, fourth daughter nnd youngest child of Francis Frederick Antony (17501801 ratntBfetab tt Ba4)obariMlfaU (aftenrardi Ootha), and widow of Ernest Charles, reigning prince of Leiningen (d. 1814), was born at Kensington Palace, 24 Mry 1819. She was baptised, 24 June, Alcxandrina Victoria, the Brat name being after Alexander I, cxar of vho was one of her sponsors. She lived from 1820 with the DucheM of Kent at Kensington Palace. Her early education wa undertaken by Fraulein Louise Lehzen (create! Hanoverian baroness, 1827), and, from 18X7, by the Rev. George Davys, ami many tutors and mistrewe* who worked under hi* supervision. Music and art were favourite studies In 1830 the Duchess of Northumberland was appointed her governess. From 1832 onwards the Duchess of Kent nnd the prince** made extended tour* in England. She was confirmed at Chupd Koyal, St. James's, 1835, celebrated her coming of age, 4 May 1837. and on 20 June 1837 succeeded to the throne, on the death of her uncle, William IV. The queen met her first privy council on the day of the king's death, and she was formally proclaimed on the following day. On her accession the union U'twmi England and Hanover, which had existed since 1714, was dissolved She was instructed in the d-ities of he station by Lord Melbourne, the prime minister and leader of the whig party, who also undertook t lie duties of private secretary for all public business. Melbourne thus became the queen's constant companion. In private matters the Baroness Lehzen continued to fill till IKU the secretarial office for private business, which she had filled before the queen's accession. Baron Stockmar, v ho had been sent by King Leopold to direct the princess's political education as soon a* she reached her majority, was also in attendance on her. On 13 July she took up her official residence in Buckingham Palace. On 30 Nov. she opened her first parliament, reading her own speech, as was her custom until her widowhood, whenever she:itended in person. Parliament granted her an annuity of 385,UUO.,-le had in addition the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall (about 27,500. annually): the duchy of Cornwall, which passed to the Prince of Wale* at hi* birth in 1841, ultimately produced more than 66,OUU., while the yearly Income from the duchy of Lancaster rose to more than 6U,OUU. In 1839 the queen discliarged the debt* of her father, tlie late Duke of Kent The coronation took place on 2K June, 1838. In the early monthx of 1830 the queen was subjected to much unfavourable comment owing to her passive attitude towards Lady Flora Hastings, daughter of the Marquis of Hastings, who was lady-in-vaiting to the Duchess of Kent at Buckingham Palace, and was improperly suspected by fomc of the queen's attendant* of immoral conduct. In the name year, 183.Melbourne's -.vl.iif ministry resigned and the queen commissioned Sir Robert Peel, the leader of the conserrative opposition in the lower house, to form a government. Peel, in consultation with his friends, decided that the ladies holding the higher posts in the queen's household must be displaced if the conservative ministers were to receive adequate support from the crown. The queen, misunderetanding Peel's intentions, refused to accept hi* proposals. He accordingly declined to proceed to the formation of a eovcniment, and the whig* returned to office. In Octot)er 1839 the queen's first cousins, Prince Albert of SaxeCobu"? Gotha, and his elder brother Ernest, who had already stayed at Kensington in IBM, rUlted Windsor, u offered Prince Albert marriage. rr..- -;.:,.;-;, -....:.,, the quern guv - -,....-:.-,.-.....;,.. Tl,- rlr-t tu-t.,j,r on QOMD1 i.fc u* warrant, precedence next was found to be insane. Tbe queen's first child. Victoria Adelaide Mary LOOM, was born on tt Nor. 1840. In Palmerston, the foreign minister, whose Eastern nrJirr seemed likely to bring about a war between between RnctanU was diMolved and and the election nrodnoed a tory majority. Melbourne and Peal WM called opon to form a ministry. On 9 Nor. 1841, the qoeen's second child, Albert Edward! prince of Wales (now Edward VII). was born. In June 1845 the queen made her first railway journey, travelling to Paddlngton. On 80 May and S July Stongh 1 and t third attempts on her life were made by Johu Francis and John William Bean. In the autumn of this year the quern paid her first visit to Scotland, )oarneying by MM from Voohv ih to Granton. Prince* Alto was born on 25 April 184S. In September the queen visited Louis-Philippe at Chateau dTta, near Trrport. This was the first occasion on which the qnera had trodden foreign soil, and the first occasion on which a. fefl....... Nfcfl h 1 WM I Krv:. i.....,.-. BM Henry VIII appeared on the Field of the Cloth of Gold at the invitation of Francis I in 1520. Prince Alfred was born 6 Aug. 1844. Louis-Philippe returned the queen's visit in October 1844, this being the first time that a French monarch voluntarily landed on English there*, The queen opened the new Royal Exchange, London, 28 Oct. 1844. In the autumn of 1845 she visited Germany for the first time, and stayed at Bosenau, Prince Albert's birthplace. In 1845 the state of agricultural distras* which prevailed throughout the United Kingdom forced Peel to advocate the repeal of the corn laws, a.-top which be and his party were pledged to oppose. The queen firmly supported him, but Peel deemed it just that the opposite party, which bad lately championed the reform, should carry it out. He queen sent for Lord John unable to face difficulties chiefly arising from the distrust in which Palmerston was held by the queen and many members of bis own party. Peel resumed power, and on 26 June 1846 the corn-law bill passed its third rending in the Lords, but on the same night the government was defeated on the second reading of a coercion bill for Ireland, and Peel's resignation followed. Lord John Russell formed a new ministry, and the queen, with much misgirimr, agreed to Palmenton's return to the foreign office. In the meantime the Princess Helena was bora, 25 May 1846. In 1844 the queen bad purchased the estate of Osbornr. in the Isle of Wight; the foundations of her palace there were laid in 1845, and the whole was completed, 1851. In 1848 the queen leased Balmoral House, and purchased it in 1862, when Balmoral Oastle was begun: it was finished In 1854. Here a part of every spring and autumn was spent during the rest of the queen's life. In June 1849 the queen made her first vfeit to Ireland, going by sea from Cowcs to the Cove of Cork, on which she bestowed the name of QuceiiKtown. Subsequently she stayed four days in Dublin. Her third sou, Arthur, waa born on 1 May 1850. Meanwhile the breach between the foreign minister, Palmertton, and the crown had been growing wider, and in 1850 the queen was compelled to state definitely tar demand* in regard to his future conduct. Kite required, tir.-tly. tliat he hhouU inform her distinctly of hi* pro. posed course of action in any given ease, and, secondly. that be should not arbitrarily modify or alter any measure which had once received her sanction. Palmerrton affected pained surprUe: but his method of procedure underwent no permanent change. IB February 1851 the govern rnent was out voted on a question of electoral reform. and Lord John Russell resigned. The conservative leader, Lord Stanley, afterwards Lord Derby, declined to form a In this year the queen threw herself with great uplrit into the menu connected with the Great Exhibition. The removal of Palmerston from toe ministry followed at the end of this year, and WM a source of relief to the queen. On I Deo. Prince Louis Napoleon, by a coup ftint, made himself absolute head of the French government The Lord John viewed with detestation Napoleon's accession to power;inl tin- mean* ot" it- accomplishment. Palmerston, however, expressed his approbation to the French ain!a~sador Walewski, without communicating j either with the queen or with his colleagues. lrd John. who proposed that for the present Knirland should rxu-nd to Napoleon the coldest neutrality, summarily demanded Palmerston's resignation. The seals of the foreign office were accordingly transferred to the queen's friend. Lord Granville. Early in 1862 a militia bill occasioned tindefeat and consequent resignation of the ministry. Lord Derby formed a conservative government, with Disraeli as chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the House of Commons. A general election in July left the conservatives In the minority. The Duke of Wellington died on 14 Sept. In December Disraeli's budget was rejected by a small majority, and Lord Derby resigned. A coalition ministry of conservatives and liberals was formal by the queen's wish by Lord Aberdeen, the foreign and home offices being taken respectively by Clarendon and Palmers ton. An alliance between England mid France became inevitable kite in 1853, owing to the position of affairs in eastern Europe. In the autumn Russia pushed her claims to protect the Greek Christians of the Turkish empire with such violence as to extort from Turkey a declaration of war. British popular opinion demanded the immediate intervention of England in behalf of Turkey. Napoleon offered to join his army with that of England, and the king of Sardinia promised to follow his example. But other foreign sovereigns endeavoured privately to influence the queen in favour of peace. Her attitude to all her continental correspondents was irreproachable, but the rumour spread that she and her husband were employing their foreign intimacies against the country's interest: and as the winter of 1853-4 progressed without any signs of decisive action on the part of the English government, popular indignation burst in its fullest fury on the head of Prince Albert. The tide of abuse was temporarily checked when, 27 Feb. 1854, the queen announced in the House of Lords the breakdown of negotiations with Russia. War was formally declared next day, and France and Sardinia renewed their promises of alliance. The queen evinced great personal interest in the progress of the Crimean war, and initiated or supported all manner of voluntary measures for the comfort of the troops. In January 1855 the government was defeated on a hostile motion for inquiry into the management of the war, and the queen reluctantly bade Palmerston form an administration; subsequently, however, she gave him her full confidence, and when the treaty of peace was signed, 30 March 1856, she acknowledged that the successful issue of the war was mainly due to him. In April 1855 the Emperor Napoleon visited the queen at Windsor, and was dissuaded from his intention of taking command In person of the French troops in the Crimea. In May the queen distributed with her own hands war medals to the returned soldiers, a function that had not previously been performed by sovereigns. In August the queen and Prince Albert visited the emperor at Paris; this was the first occasion on which an English sovereign had entered the French capital since the infant Henry VI went to be crowned in 1422. In June 1856 the queen instituted the Victoria Cross for acts of conspicuous valour in war, and herself decorated the first recipients on 26 June 1857. On 26 June 1857 the queen conferred on Prince Albert the title of prince consort. During this year (1867) the progress of the Indian mutiny caused the queen acute distress. In February Palmerston resigned on the defeat of a bill making conspiracy to murder, hitherto a misdemeanor, a felony; this bad been introduced in consequence of a plot hatched in England to destroy the emperor and empress of the French by an explosive bomb which was thrown in the Opera House in i-iris. Lord Derby formal a new ministry. In August the queen visited Napoleon at Cherbourg, and afterwards made an extended tour in Germany. On 25 Jan. 1868 her eldest daughter, the princess royal, married Prince Frederick, afterwards Crown Prince of Prussia. While the Indian mutiny was in course of suppression the East India Company was abolished, ite territories and powers transferred to the crown, and the administration placed in the bands of the secretary of state, who was assisted by a council of fifteen. The scheme for the actual reorganisaf the Indian government, in which the queen was deeply interested, received the royal assent, 2 Aug. 18W. The queen's tranquillity of mind was at this time greatly disturbed by the part Napoleon was playing in European polities. He had threatened to join the king of Sardinia in an endeavour to expel Austria from Lombardy and Venetia. The prospect of war between France and A ust ria gave the queen peculiar anxiety owing to Austria's proximity to Prussia, with vlio-e reigning lions her daughter had recently become allied by marriage. Austria took the initiative by declaring war on Sardinia, and Napoleon immediately entered the field in behalf of Sardinia. The queen was successful in dissuading Prussia from interference. The prompt triumph of French arms brought hostilities to a close, but the queen's fears of tinsequel were increased by a change of ministry, whirl* brought Palmerston into power as premier, and Russell as foreign secretary. Palmerston and Russell agreed in a resolve to serve the interests of Italy at fche expense of Austria. The queen, however, contrived to persuade her ministers to adopt a policy of strict neutrality. In May 1859 a volunteer force was called into existence, und in July 1860 the queen personally inaugurated the National Ride Association as a complement to the volunteer movement; ii the same year she instituted the queen's prize (250Z.), which was thenceforth awarded annually. In September 1860 the queen and prince consort made a second journey to Coburg to visit Stockmar. who had lived there in retirement since 1857. On 4 Feb. 18(51 the queen opened parliament in person; this was the last occasion in which she delivered with her own voice the speech from the throne. On 16 March the queen's mother dial at Frogtnore after a brief illness. In the later mouths of this year the health of the prince consort gradually failed. Early in December he persuaded the British ministers to adopt a conciliatory attitude towards the United States respecting the Trent affair, and on 14 Dec. he died. The sense of desolation which the queen experienced on her husband's death never Vholly left her. She long remained in retirement, and never ceased to wear mourning for him. In the two years that followed her bereavement she lived in complete seclusion, but engaged assiduously in official work. General the Hon. Charles Grey, a younger son of the second Earl Grey, who had been since 1846 private secretary to the prince consort, was appointed to the same post in the queen's service, and continued in this capacity until his death in 1870. His place, was then taken by General Sir Henry Ponsonby, who died in 1895, and was succeeded by Colonel Sir Arthur Bigge, who survived the queen. On 1 July 1862 the queen attended, in deep mourning, the marriage of Princess Alice to Prince Louis of Hesse. At the close of this year it was proposed to confer the crown of Greece upon her second son. Prince Alfred. The offer caused her much perplexity. The crown was finally given to George, son of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-SonderburgGlucksburg (who became king of Denmark on 15 Nov. 1863); he was brother of the affianced bride of the Prince of Wales. The marriage of the Prince of Wales took place, 10 March 1863. The queen visited Germany in the autumn, and while at Coburg had an interview with the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, who was returning from Frankfurt, where a conference of German sovereigns had been held to consider a form of confederation of the German states, which seemed likely to exclude Prussia. The queen endeavoured to influence the emperor of Austria in behalf of Prussia. Towards the close of 1863. the queen gave close attention to the struggle brought about by the conflicting claims of Germany and Denmark to the duchies of Schleswig-Holstein. Her 93'mpathies were with Germany, while those of her ministers and people were with the Dane-!. J U February 1864 hostilities broke out between Austria and Prussia on the one hand and Denmark on the other. The Danes wcrr promptly defeated. The queen succeeded in enforcing oi her government a policy of strict neutrality. In June the German allies occupied the disputed duchies. Meanwhile a feeling had been growing throughout the country that the queen's prolonged.seclusion was contrary to the nation's interest. She replied guardedly tothe popular outcry in a letter to The Times newspaper (1864), stating her desire to meet the wishes of her subjects so far as her health, strength, and spirits might allow. The queen was acutely distressed at the deaths of Palmerston on 18 Oct. 1865, and of King Leopold oi 10 Dec. Palmorston's place as prime minister was: by Lord John Russell. On 10 Feb. 1860 the queen opened
^ Victoria 1343
^ Victoria parliam.-iit in JHT-OII. LuU-r in the year the dispute* between 1'ru-siu and Au-trui in rtv.irl io tin- Anal allotment of Hi.: conquers.In,-!. o power*. m:ill. pivv.-ut war. In June war wan doolaml, and the queen's perplexity was increased by the defeat and ubquent on of Russell's government on the qumtiou o( n-lunn..: t),,-:. he dil.Inn,, l.srs. I,, July tlir con Lord Derby, formed a nev. -rueli a* flume* !.. iiequer and leader of the liotue of Commons. I'mssia 1.! tritmiph in the war WM quickly n cou verted Into a Prussian province, and b the -.L.-tory at Hadowa. near K motto which aiowl at a complete reform * the civil Use. The propoeal WM rejected by a !an majority,: -:..,...--.:-..., t:.-,.... i....:.... ,:.:-.!....-:.-... -. . to take hU place be return In Jaii.hir, r tbe qumrssramd son. Prtnoe Alfred. and Dot-he* Mart* ..-..-.,-.:....;.:.. .:....,,-:; -....;.-..., ;..trliamrnt WM dissolved ant a conservative ,-..., n.u.nt MM,..,.,.r. i t.,,.;.,.;,... minuter. With DivaeU the queen WM la eoaipUt lHt by. aud it WM In conformity with bis new* in .::...,......... :: July I--.i-.). Ti---.t was rin:illy pla.-od at Uie uofl ! l.-r...tiuencc in 1875 to M vert tbe i'r M "f V;.:,-.. r-; -..:.,,J:!.,-:.,:,.:,. !.. 4 ) ject of perpetuating her huRbaod's memory, state tour through Indiu, aud in Kay 1x76 the deajflisued In 1867 a minute account of the early nation of Bmprees of India WM conferred en her by prince consort, which bad been prepared the Royal Titles BilL In February Iff*, and aain te the whole o; north iermany. and Austria WM OOmpeUed to retire from the German confederation. Wit lithe ob ji the.,;i,vn published hi 1867 a minute at the - direction by her private secretary, General Grey. :, continuation of this biography irtiu; this work appeared in five 1874 11. The queen'sLeave* from a Journal of our Life in the Highlands, 1848-61 appeared privately in 1867, and,.-.ibb-ly in 1868. A second port,More Leaves followed in 1883, covering the years 1862-88. lu February 1867 tbe queen opened parliament in l-r-..n. In May of the same year she laid the foundation of the Royal Albert Hall, which WM erecteU in her husband's memory. I n this year she encouraged the threatened between Fraoov and Germany. la 187 the rebrmrj 18TT, fee In 1876-8 tbe queen gave much attention to the of affairs in eastern Europe. Tbe subject race* c , Turkish empire in the Balkans had threatened tbe with revolt in 1874, and there WM the likelihood that ..i, to serve her own end*, might come to the i rescue of tin? insurgent-. uton's policy of 18*4, and derlarud that British required the maintenance of the sultan's authority Inviolate. Gladstone, who had in 1876 announced his i ment from public life, emerged from bis ment to settle the question of franchise, and DUraelti's I oppose the bestowal on Turkey of any the,,iuvii received visit* fromthe kbedive of Egypt aud dissuade Russia from interference, and on Russia's deok reform snd Disraeli's oppose tbe bestowal on In July 1867 I Tbe queen used, without of Egypt and dissuade Russia from int ,_...!: w.*i. *.* -...;i. TV.. success, her Wh M to the sultan of Turkey. In February 1868 Disraeli became ! ration of war with Turkey, April 1877, she firmly *m primc minister in succession to Lord Derby. In April ported Beaconsfleld in a diplomatic straggle which Gladstone brought forward his first utid main resolution in favour of tbe disestablishment of the Irish rhnrcb. The government rwuted him aud was defeated, and DiMu.ii tendered his resignation. On 6 May Disraeli announced in parliament that the queen had decided, on her own responsibility, to reject bis resignation, and to dissolve parliament as soon as the arrangement* for appeal to tbe electors, newly enfranchised under the reform bill, v, r. complete. Disraeli's action in giving the queen tlie choice of two alternatives excited hostile comment. In August she paid lier first visit to Switzerland, travelling incognito under the name of the Countess of Kent. In a general election at the close of this year Disraeli's government wa* defeated. In December Gladstone became prime minister. The first measure wbi-b be introduced wu tbe bill for the disestablishment of tbe Irish church, and despite her disapproval of it the queen recogni.-ed that its adoption was inevitable. Accordingly ehe exerted, through Archbishop Tait, her influence against the opposition of tbe House of Lords, and the bill was passed (June 1869). hi 187U the queen watched with close attention the struggle between France and Germany, and when, in .;ioleon declared war, she regarded his action as wholly unjustified. On his overthrow, however, she welcomed tbe Empnss Kuuvnie to England, ami wlu-n the -mpiTor joined tbe empress at Chislehnrst, 1871, the queen extruded to him a sympathy which continued until bis death, 9 Jan. Ih7:i. In 1870 Oardwell, tbe secretary for war, instituted a scheme for the reorganisation of the army, and on 28 June, with some reluctance, the quwn brought Russia to the brink of boxtilitir* witb ITlntort The qu.-t u.n WM settled by tbe congress of Berlin, June 1878, when Beaoonsfield, who acted M English envoy, obtained, in bis own phrase. * peace with honour In April 1879 the queen paid her first vteit to Italy, staying at Baveno on Lago Maggiore. Tbe queen again opened parliament in person in February 1880, and in ilHi-ch, after the dissolution, *be visited Germany. The ciiMiing election brought tbe liberals into power, and the queen reluctantly commissioned Gladstone to form a ! government. She WM seriously perturbed by plan* for the further reorganisation of the army. BbewM unre , milling in her admonitions to tbe government to take vigorous steps in Afghanistan. 188(1, and in the Transvaal. 1H80-1, and the policy of peace which followed the defeat ,f i,, n-TaU-olley at Majubn Hill, 28 Feb. 1881., with her views. On 10 April 1881 ~ the queen treated his. lorn M During the war in Kgypt occasioned by Arabi Pwlia'a rebellion (1882) tbe queen t-ontiuued to urge her minister* to energetic action. After UK pacification of Egypt he devised a new decoration of the royal red crow for nurses who bad rendered efficient service in war. The queen's life was for the fifth time threatened by assMsinatioo at Windsor on 2 March 1883, when Roderick Maclean, a lunatic, fired a pistol at her, fortunately without.-fleet. On 4 Doc. 1882 the queen inaugurated tbe new law court* in tbe.-traud. In 1883-4 Egypt, which WM now cally administered by England, became the ee . anxieties. In 1883 the inhabitant* of tbe revolted. Tbe English ministry deokied to Signed an order in council deposing the commnndcr-in- territory, but undertook to relieve several Egyptian garchief from his place of sole and immediate dcK-iiiltiin% risons remaining in the Soudan in portions of groat peril. immediate depe 6n the crown. Later in the year her mini prerogative to be exercised in order to circumvent the i of the House of Lords to a bill passed in the House of Commons for the abolition of military promotion by purchase. She opened parliament in pen r i;iry I.s71. On 21 March Princess Louise was married i taienil Gordon WM despatched to Khartoum, the capital of the disturbed district, -*itha vte- to negotiation with the rebels. He WM besieged in Khartoum by the malidiV forces. Tbe queen repeatedly wanted tbe government of the necessity for sending him relief, and in the autumn of 1884 a British army WM sent out under Ixmi Marquis of Lome, eldest son of the Duke of but Gordon was killed before a rescue could be uueuew. Argyll: this was the first time in English history tliat I The queen reproached her minister, with the.death of the sovereign sanctioned the union of a princess with one who was not a member of a reiguiug house since Mary. sist. r of limn VIII, married, in 1518, Cbarlea Ir.iiVion. duke of Suffolk. During this period much ant i tostered in oertaiu clansro of the coumiuii 1. In March 1872 Sir ChudM W. -csi, introduced into parliament a Gordon, which she regarded as a public dimeter. Through, out 1885 she maintained her intend in the operations in the Soudan. The queen U-nt IK r upjmrt to the Franchise Bill, which, after some opposition from the lords, WM passed concurrently with the Redistribution of Seat* BUI I,, tor. tJM.!M-i:." PH MM - Be* tb.- -;" " of 1886 ut Aix-le*-Baiiu,aud on her return jouruej vWti Darmstadt and made the acquaintance of Prince Henry of Itattenberir. who on23 July married the queen's youngest daughter. Princess Beatrice. lu June the government was defeatel on its budget proposals, and Gladstone resigned. Lord Salisbury at once took office as prime minuter, but the fSMMl elwtiou which followed the dissolution iu November loft the conservatives in a minority, and in January 1S86 Salisbury's government was outvoted. Five day* previously the queen had opened parliament in person, as it proved, for the last time. Gladstone resumed power, and at once committed his party to the policy of home rule for Ireland. The queen disliked the proposal, and Gladstone's Home Rule Bill wa* decisively rejected by the House of Commons (7 June). At Gladstone's instance parliament was dissolved; be resigned without meeting the new parliament, where his party was small, and Lord Salisbury for the second time formed a government. In this year (1886) the queen manifested great interest in the Colonial and India exhibition at South Kensington organised by the Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward VII). On 21 June 1887 and the following days she took part in the public ceremonies in celebration of her jubilee, and on 6 July abe laid the foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute, which wan erected by public subscription to commemorate the fifty years of her reign. In March 1888 the queen for the first time visited Florence, anil afterwards proceeded to Charlottenburg, the palace of the dying Emperor Frederick. In March 1889 she stayed at Biarritz, and thence visited the queenregent of Spain at San Sebastian. This was the first occasion on which an English sovereign had visited that country, though Charles I and Charles II went thither as princes. In July the approaching majority of the Prince of Wales's eldest son and the approaching marriage of his eldest daughter compelled the queen to appeal to parliament on the question of suitable provision for the third generation of her family. Precedent justified public provision for all children of the sovereign's sons, and the queen agreed to forego any demand in behalf of her daughterschildren. The matter was settled, with Gladstone's assistance, by a grant to the Prince of Wale3 of 36.000J. annually for his children's support. Gladstone's intervention was always remembered by the queen with gratitude. In August 1889 she welcomed her grandson, the German emperor, William 1 1, on his first visit to England since his accession to the throne. The emperor caused the queen to be gazetted honorary colonel of his first regiment of horse guard-, on which he bestowed the title of Queen of Englandt- Own. In 1802 a general election returned a majority of home rulers, and Gladstone filled the post of prime minister for the fourth time. In September 1893 bis Home llule Bill, which had passed through the House of Commons, was rejected by the House of Lords. In March 1894 the queen accepted Gladstone's resignation and chose Lord Kosebery to succeed him. In this year the government made further changes in the war office, which strictly limited to five years the tenure of the post of Commander-in-chief, and thus finally disposed of the queen's cherished fiction that the head of the army was her permanent personal deputy. The ministry fell in Jane, and Lord Salisbury resumed office as premier and foreign secretary, with Mr. Chamberlain as colonial secretary. In the spring of 1895 the queen was at Cannes, in 189C and 1897 at Nice, and in 1898 and 1899 at Cimiez. On 22 June 1897 she took part in a state procession through London to celebrate her diamond Jubilee the completion of the sixtieth year of her rule. During the closing years of her reign the queen gave close attention to the numerous expeditious in which her armies were engaged, and she was gratified when the rebellion in the Soudan was finally crashed at the battle of Orndurman, 2 Sept. 1898. On the outbreak of the Boer war in 1899, when she was convinced that the peace which she was always anxious to preserve could not be maintained, she exerted her utmost energy to urge her ministers to conduct hostilities with all possible promptitude and effect. To encourage her soldiers he went, in the spring of 1900, for tlie fourth time to Ireland, whence the armies in the field had been largely recruited. She held her last drawing-room in Buckingbam Palace, 4 May. She gave her assent to the Australian commonwealth bill, 27 Aug. In October a general election was deemed necessary by the government, and on the return of a conservative majority Lord Salisbury remained prime minister, but resigned the foreign secreteiysuip to Lord Lanado-.vne, formerly iaiaiter of war. Throughout the summer the queen experienced acute distress at the accounts of suffering which reached her from South Africa, and her personal sympathy with her troop* Wai intensifiedby the death of her grandson, Prince Christian Victor of Schlcswi-Holstoin, from enter, c fever contracted in active service. In the autumu of 1900 the queen showed signs of general physical decay, and on 22 Jan. 1901 she died. Her body was conveyed with military honours from Osborue through London to Windsor, and was placed (4 Feb.) in the mausoleum at Frogmore, which had been completed in 1868, and already contained the remains of her husband. On the day following her death her eldest son was proclaimed King Edward VII. Among the most notable portraits of the queen are paintings or drawings by Sir William Beechey, R.A., 1821; Sir George Hayter, 1833 and 1838; Sir David Wilkie, 1839; Sir Edwin Landseer, 1839 and 1866; F. Winterhalter, 1845 and other years; Baron H. von Angeli, 1875 (of which a copy by Lady Abercromby is iu j the National Portrait Gallery, London), 1885, and 1897; and M. Benjamin Constant, 1900. Sculptured presentations include a bust by Behnes, 1827; a plaster bust by Sir Edgar Boehm (in National Portrait Gallery); a statue at Winchester by Mr. Alfred Gilbert, R.A.; and a statue at Manchester by Mr. Onslow Ford, R.A. A. national memorial in sculpture to be designed by Mr. Thomas Brock, K.A., with an architectural setting by Mr. Aston Webb, A.R.A., is to be placed in the Mall opposite Buckingham Palace.
^ Robert Studley Vidai (1770–1841), antiquary; a Devonshire squire; barrister, Middle Temple; benefactor of St. John's College, Cambridge.
^ William Vidlee (1758–1816), universalist : in dependent preacher, 1777; baptist minister, 1780; adopted universalist views, 1792; became a Unitarian, 1802; minister of a chapel, Battle, 1780-96, and in London, 1794-1815; a bookseller, 1796-1806; joint-editor of a theological magazine, 1797-1805.
^ Robert de Vieuxpont or Vipont (de Veteriponte) (d. 1228), baron of Westmorland; one of King John's evil counsellors; gaoler of Arthur of Brittany at Rouen, 1203; granted barony of Appleby or Westmorland, and lordships in Yorkshire and Normandy, 1 203; sheriff of various English counties, 1207-13: in attendance on John in Ireland, 1210; fought in Wales, 1212; supported John against the barons; joint-custodian for John of Yorkshire castles, 1216; surrendered the castles he held, 1223; justice itinerant, 1219 and 1226.
^ John Francis Vigani (1650?–1712), chemist; born at Verona; travelled in Spain, France, Holland; published Medulla Chymite Danzig, 1682; taught chemistry at Cambridge from 1683; professor of chemistry, 1703-12.
^ Denis Benjamin Viger (1774–1861), Canadian statesman; educated at Montreal: a barrister; member f the Montreal legislature, 1808-38; came to England to state the French Canadian case, 1828-30; imprisoned for seditious newspaper articles, 1838-40; member of the Canadian legislature, 1841-55; in the ministry, 1843-6; LL.D., 1855; published pamphlets.
^ Jacques Viger (1787–1858), Canadian antiquary: educated at Montreal; served in the militia, 1812-15: lieutenant-colonel: mayor of Montreal, 1833; collected materials for the history of Canada.
^ Gudbrandr Vigfxjsson (1828–1889), Icelandic scholar; born and educated in Iceland; went to Copenhagen, 1843; worked in the Arna-Maguxan Scandinavian library; publishedTimatul a chronology of Icelandic literature, 1855; edited sagas and folk-lore, 1858-87; came to Oxford, 1866: edited Richard Clcasby's Icelandic dictionary, 1873; joint-editor of theCorpus Poeticum Boreale 1883: lecturer on Icelandic, Oxford University. 1884; published philological papers.
^ Vighard (d. 664). See Wighard
^ Godfrey Thomas Vigne (1801–1863), traveller ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1824; published narratives of his travels in the United States, 1831, Central Asia, 1832-9, Mexico and Central America, 1852.
^ Vignoles Cimil.r.- I'.LUKKH 0798–1876), ; urti.-l.-l to H -olu-itor. I*i7; entered Sandhurst, lulu: N-rvi-i in tl.-army, ISlft-lfi lieutenant, 1S15:.-iitfaged on the South Carolina surrey, 1816-23; u l.-u.liiur.nUay -. -.5: professor . University College, London, 1-1. : published geographical and
^ Vigor 3, NICHOLAS AYLWARD zoologist; of Trinity College, Oxford; ensign m t,,Peninsula, 1809-11; M.A. Oxford, 1818; D.C.I*, 1811; S26; F.S.A.; u oo. Carlow, 1828; Irish kp.,0arlow. 1831, oo. Carlow, 1837-40; puhlUhai papers on birds, 1815-89.
^ William Anne Villettes (1764–1808), lieotenantr-general: educated at Bath and St Andrews l mv.rsity; entered the army, 1775; lieut ty: 1791; lieutenant-general, 1806"; served at Toulon, 1791, In Corsica, 1794-*, and In Portugal, 1796; governor of Malta, 1801-7; governor of Jamaica, 1807; died there.
^ Villiers (afterwards P.VLMKII), BARBAIIA, countess OF CASTLEMAINK and Duchess of CLEVKLAND ( 1641-1709), daoghter of William Villiers, Grandisou (t. 1648); a London beauty, 1666: married Roger Palmer (d. 1706), 1W9; mistress of Charles II, 1660; Countess of Castlemalne by band's elevation to the Irish peerage, 1661; I liuly of the bedchamber on Queen Catherine, 1662: assigned rooms in Whitehall; procured the dismissal of Sir Edward Nicholas, secretary of state, 1661; her miscellaneous amours notorious, 1662: embraced Romanism, 1663: accompanied the court to Oxford, 1666; instrumental in securing Clarendon's dismissal, 1667; trafficked In the sale of court places and offices; pensioned, 1669; created Ducbes* of Cleveland, 1670; supplanted In Charles IFs graces by Louise Henee de Keroualle. 1674: resided In Paris, 1677-84; obtained the dismissal of Hulph Montagu, ambassador at Paris, 1678: married Robert FeiMinir, 17U6 (marriage annulled, 1707); resided Utterly at Chiswick. Of her children Charlc* II acknowledged the paternity of (1) Anne (afterwards Countess of Sussex), born 1661: (2) Charles (duke of Southampton X born 1662: (8) Henry (duke of Grafton), born 163; (4) Charlotte (afterwards countess of Lichfield), bom 16C4: (6) George (duke of Northumberland X born 1665. Parbara, born 1678, was popularly assigned to John Churchill; and a boy, born 1686, to Oardounell Goodman, an actor.
^ Charles Pelh Am Villiers (1802–1898), statesman: educated at HaiUybury ami St. Jolin's College, Cambridge (B.A.. 1824): adopted Jeremy Bentham's political views, 1825: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1827; assistant poor-law commissioner, 1832: official of the court of clianccry, 1833-52: M.P., Wolverhampton, 18351898; declared for free-trade, 1x36: moved a resolution against the corn-law. 1838, repeating it year by year till its abolition in 1846: sat on the parliamentary committee on the import duties on corn, iH-to: juh?e-advocate p-m.-r.xl, 1852-8: privy councillor, 1853; president of the poor-law board, 1859-66: in receipt of an ex-minister pension, 180fi till death: his statute erected in Wolverhampton, 187'J: opposed home rule for Ireland: last speech in parliament, 1883. 1691; envoy to Holland. 16M, 1697. and to Paris, 1 W-i: oreated Karl of Jersey. lft7; a lent in*tioeof Irdaad 1607-9; secretary of state, 1700-1; kmi chamberlain. hrniH
^ VrLLEERS, CHRISTOPHER, first EAUL OK 8KY (153?-1630), younger brother of George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham: gentleman of the bedchamber to James I, 1617: master of the robes: enriched by a pension, by traffic in places, by Illegal monopolies, and patent*; created Barou Villlers of DavtMitry ami hail vf Anglesey, 1C23.
^ Sir Edward Villiers (1585?–162C). president , half-brother of George Villiers, first (: knighUii. 1616; master of theniut, i."J md lf.24-5; comptroller of the court . Westminster, 1620-5: envoy to the elector palatine, 1690 and 1621: president of Munster, :.jx)lies and patents.
^ Edward Villiers, first Earl of Jersey (1666 171.. bnkLer of Blixabeth Villiers: master of :urM to Qneen Mary II. 1689: knight marshal of the hou. created Viscount Villiers of Dartford,
^ Villiers I.LIXBETH. (1657 7-1788). styled* Mrs. V OomrraM or OUKKT .., Mary to HHland M mali of hoooor, 1677; at !,- PriMi -I On -..... to Hhsji A. (!, 1689; granted portion of JaoMS Hit Irish esUtes, *b (grant MMOWT !); poisoosa William Ill's mind against Marlborough; oa*t off by William, 1IN; mariia..,.:l...i Z v.:. ifa Pm 'Pimm I-': V ;':'; ;ntm
^ Fhanooi Villiers 8HUBT (1772?-1813). portrait-painter ami etcher; born In Paris; son of a French n-.r,,...- i; k i.t, H I!... SjAMMJ:.l Ms, l'V9 m. MMfcdil I.M,.I,,:: AoUMMthOTt MM 13. riviii.317
^ Villiers 8m GEORGB (d, 1606), knight, of Brooksby; sheriff of Leicestershire, 1891; marrisdf second wife) Mary Beaumont (created in 1618 Countess of Buckingham, L 1680
^ George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham; (1592-1628), court favourite; for a page's place; risited France, duced to James I, 1614; appointed cupbearer. 1614; gentleman of the bedchamber, 1616; knighted and psnsioned; marter of the bone, 1616; K.O., 1616; Viscount Villiers, 1616, and given an Karl of Buckingham, 1617, and Marquis of Ingham, 1618; "married a Romanist, Lady Katherint Manners, 162O: obtained the dismissal of his court rivals, the Howard family. 1618; undertook the administration, acting himself as lord high admiral. 1619; advl.l an expedition to the Palatinate, 1620, but intrigued with Gondomar. thei dor, to defeat it, 1610 and 1611; parUaw.. u, its censure of the monopolies In which hi* brother, had speculated, by his disowning bis broth* himself behind James 1% name, and shrank from supporting Bacon, 1611; by Laud from professing Romanism, 1611; forced James I ami Prince Charles to the Madrid journey. 1628; Jarrived with Charles at Madrid; quarrelled with the SpanWTcooTt, and left Madrid, August 1623; had been created Duke of Buckingham, 1623, in his absence; fading to force the council into war with Spain, 1614, had. , and the Spanish negotiations broken off; became warden of the Cinque ports, 1624; originally urged on the match with Henrietta Maria, 1624-5; took offence, 162ft, on Richelieu's refusal of his terms, and grossly liwulted King I Louis: the expedition under Count Mansfeki sent by him 1 to the Palatinate a few months before (January 161ft) a failure; supplies refused by parliament if he was to have the sole conduct of the war. July, on which it was dissolved, August 162; the squadron tent by him to Richelieu used contrary to his hopes by the French minister against Rochelle, 1625: irritated the French by setting on . foot search for contraband of war; the Cadi* expedition under his favourite, Sir Edward Cecil, a failure, October I 1625: promised large subsidies to Denmark and Holland. IS, and planned the reh, f of Rochdle. 1626; the parliament of Februar ed, June 16, to prevent it carrying out bis impeachment: bis overture* to Spain for peace rejected, February 1617: sent Feunlnftoa to makeTar on French -hipping in March 1627; personally sailed to relieve Rochelle, June, but failed shamefully. July-October 1627, and was Infatuated enough to reject French propoflil* for pence, December 1627; urged Charles I to raise a standing army, partly of German mercenaries, January 128; l-y th of the ction against him prerenteii parliament which had votal lad June 1628; urged on a new RooheUa expedition ts assassinated by John Fdton (169ft 7-1628) q. T.) r, at PorUmouth.
^ George Villieks , second Don or BOCK (1628-1687), son of George Vtttion, first duke of Buckingham; succeeded. August U; brought up with Cbarl Ps children: studied at Trinity Ooltap.Gambridge; M.A., 1642; joined Charles I In Oxford, winter, 1642; served under Rupert, IMS; travelled In Italy; received back hi sequestered estates, on the plea of youth, 1647: joined the Surrey insurgents, wus routed at St. Neot*, and fled to Holland, 16-18; his estates definitely confiscated, 1651; admitted privy councillor, 1650; nrirtil conciliation of the presbyterians; accompanied Charles 1 1 to Scotland, 1660, and to Worcester, 1651; escaped to Holland, 1651; tried to make peace with parliament, 1652 and 1653; was in disgrace with the queen-mother. 1G52, with Charles II, 1654, and Clarendon, 1656: returned to England, 1667; married Fairfax's daughter, 1657; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1658-9; recovered estates at the Restoration; gentleman of the bedchamber, 1660-7; lordlieutenant of the West Hiding, 1661-7; privy councillor, 166fr-7: intrigued against Clarendon, 1663-7; served at sea against the Dutch, 1665; influential member of the Cabal administration, 1667-9; advocated alliance with France and toleration at home: seduced the Countess of Shrewsbury and mortally wounded the earl in a duel, January 1668, but was pardoned, February; master of the horse, by pur chase, July 1668; at feud with York and with Ormonde; displaced by Arlington in Charles II's confidence and kept ignorant of the private negotiations with Louis, April 1669, and the secret treaty of Dover, May 1670; euvoy to PAris, July 1670, to the Prince of Orange, and to Paris, June 1672: lieutenant-general, May 1673; quarrelled openly with Arlington, 1673, whom Charles supported; being attacked by the Lords for the Shrewsbury scandal, and by the Commons for the French treaty, January 1674, was dismissed from his offices; joined the country party; opposed the non-resistance oath, and moved a bill to relieve protestant dissenters, 1675; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1677; intrigued against Charles II getting supplies, 1678-9, and laboured to have a whig parliament; disapproved of the Exclusion Bill, 1680-1; the Zimri of Dryden'sAbsalom and Achitophel 1681; restored to court favour, 1683; published pamphlets in favour of toleration, 1685; lived in retirement in Yorkshire, 1686. He had dabbled in chemistry, and spent much in building and laying out gardens. He wrote verses, satires, and some pieces for the stage, particularly The Rehearsal brought out 1671, ridiculing contemporary dramatists. His Miscellaneous Works were first collected, 1704-6.
^ George Bussy Villiees , fourth EARL OF J HUSKY and seventh VISCOUNT GRANDISON (1735-1805), styled * Viscount Grandison by courtesy; M.P., Tarnworth, 1756-65, Aldborough, 1765-8, Dover, 1768-9; vice-chamberlain of the household, 1765; succeeded to the earldom, 1769; held various offices at court from 1769.
^ George Child Villiees -, fifth EARL OF JERSEY and eighth VISCOUNT GRANDISON (1773-1859), son of George Bussy Villiers, fourth earl of Jersey; stj'led by courtesy Viscount Grandison; educated at Harrow; % M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1794; married, 1804, the prospective heiress of the banker Robert Child, and assumed, 1819, Child as an additional name; succeeded to earldom, 1805 held court offices.
^ George William Frederick Villiees , fourth EARL OF CLARENDON and fourth BARON HYDE (1800-1870), entered the diplomatic service; attache at St. Petersburg, 1820; a commissioner of customs, 1823; negotiated a commercial treaty with France, 1831; ambassador at Madrid, 1833-9; succeeded his uncle in the peerage, 1838; lord privy seal, 1839-41; president of the board of trade, 1846; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1847-52; foreign minister, 1853-8, and so responsible for the Crimean war and the terms of the treaty of Paris (1856); chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1864; foreign minister, 1865-6 and 1868-70, and so responsible (1869) for the terms of the Alabama settlement.
^ Henry Montagu Villiers (1813–1861), bishop of Durham; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1830-8; M.A., 1837; D.D., 1856: vicar of Kenilworth, 1837; rector of 8k George's, Bloomsbury, London, 1841-56; canon of St. Paul's, London, 1847-56; bishop of Carlisle, 1856: translated to Durham, 1860; published sermons and charges.
^ John Villiers, Viscount Purbeck (1591?–1657), elder brother of George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham fa. v:; knighted, 1616; groom of the bedchamber to Prince Charles, 1616: created Viscount Purbeck, 1619; insane, 1620; deserted (1621) by his wife, who had a son by Sir Robert Howard, 1624 see Robert Danvers, called Viscount Purbeck; married again.
^ John Villiees (1677?–1723), styling himself Viscount Purbeck and, after 1687, third earl of Buckingham married, c. 1700; unsuccessfully claimed the earldom, 1709 and 1720.
^ John Charles Villiers, third Earl of Clarendon (1757–1838), second son of Thomas Villiers, first earl of Clarendon; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1776: LL.D., 1833; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1779; M.P., Old Sarum, 1784-90, Dartmouth, 1790-1802, Wick burghs, 1802-5, Queenborough, 1807-12 and 1820-4; privy councillor, 1787; comptroller of the household, 1787; warden of forests north of Trent, 1790; colonel of yeomanry, 1794; ambassador to Portugal, 1808-10: succeeded his brother hi the peerage, 1824.
^ Robert Villiees, called Viscount Purbeck, 1621?-1674.
^ Thomas Villiers, first Earl of Clarendon (1709-1786), second son of William Villiers, second earl of Jersey; educated at Cambridge: envoy to Warsaw, 1737, to Dresden, 1740, to Vienna, 1742, and to Warsaw, 1744; arranged peace between Frederick the Great and Augustus of Saxony, 1745; ambassador at Berlin, 1746-8; M.P., Tamworth, 1747-56; created Baron Hyde of Hindon, June 1756; privy councillor, 1763; held minor ministerial offices; created Earl of Clarendon, 1776; created a count in Prussia, 1782.
^ Thomas Hyde Villiers (1801–1832), politician; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1825; in the colonial office, 1822-5; agent for Berbice and Newfoundland; disciple of John Stuart Mill; M.P., Hedon, 1826-30, Wootton Bassett, 1830, and Bletchingley, 1831; travelled in Ireland, 1828.
^ William Villiers, second Earl of Jersey (1682?-1721), son of Edward Villiers, first earl of Jersey ; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1700; M.P., Kent, 1705-8.
^ Henry Windsor Villiers Stuart (1827-1895).
^ John de Villula (d. 1122), bishop of Bath. See John.
^ Robert Vilvain (1575?–1663), physician: born and educated in Exeter; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1599-1611; M.A., 1600; M.D., 1611; practitioner in Exeter, 1612-63; published English and Latin trifles; benefactor of Exeter College, Oxford, and of Exeter Cathedral library.
^ Samuel Vince (1749–1821), mathematician and astronomer; a Suffolk bricklayer: usher at Harleston, Norfolk; senior wrangler, 1775; fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1778; beneficed in Norfolk, 1784; F.R.S., 1786; astronomy professor, Cambridge, 1796; archdeacon of Bedford, 1809; published mathematical and astronomical works.
^ Augustine Vincent (1584?–1626), herald; studied the records in the Tower of London; Rouge Rose pursuivant, 1616; acted as deputy for Camden, 1618; Rouge Croix pursuivant, 1621; Windsor herald, 1624; wrote against Ralph Brooke, 1621.
^ George Vincent (1796–1836?), landscapepainter; born and educated in Norwich; pupil of John Crome; exhibited, chiefly Norfolk views, at Norwich, 1811-31, and in London, 1814-31; resided in Loudon from 1818; published etchings, 1821-7.
^ Henry Vincent (1813–1878), political agitator; printer's apprentice at Hull, 1828; came to London, c. 1835; abandoned his trade: chartist agitator, 1838; his conviction at the Monmouth assizes, Aug;ist 1839, the occasion of the great Newport minersriot, November 1839: imprisoned again, 1840-1; journalist, lay-preacher, and lecturer on social questions from 1841; unsuccessful parliamentary candidate, 1841-52; lectured in the United States, 1866, 1867, 1869, and 1875.
^ John Vincent (1591–1646), puritan; of New College, Oxford, 1609; beneficed in Cornwall, but ejected for nonconformity; intruded rector of Sedgefield, 1643.
^ John Painter Vincent (1776–186IX train. ! in London:;i- i-n.n tost Bartholomew Hospital London;. IAS and 1840.
^ Nathaniel Vincent (1619?–1697), nonoonfonni-t.i:.n.: third son of John Vincent; -lioriM,.risti College, Oxf Christ bnreh, Oxford, I...-.7; chaplain of Corp. .; 1 1..initiated fellow of 1 h;.7; intruded rector of I*ngley Marisb, 1660; ejected, 1662 nonconformist preacher in Southwark, 18M; tm gain, 1681 and 1686: pub
^ Vincent rill F.I IMA 1638), author of A narrative iitin -t f:, N..v England colonist* lv.Hiot Indian*, nndnfaitawrintioii of Ue desolation of Germany, loth published iu 16SH; appear* to liuve vinitcd England (c. 16M), and South Germany iuim.
^ Richard Budd Vincent (1770?–1831 0 "erred .-. 17M 1816; lu-utenant, 1790: captain, !&: MT, ov by wcrincing bia unseaworthy Ktoop-of. 1HI5.
^ Thomas Vincent (1614–1678), nonconformist liviiw; s.iiiii.1 HOD of John Vincent: M.A. Christ Chim-li, Oxford, 1664; intruded rector of St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, London, 1666; ejected, 1662; preacher and schoolmaster, at Hoxton; published an account of the great plague, 1667, and Beruion-.
^ William Vincent (1739–1815), dean of Westminster; at Westminster School, 1747-57; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1764; D.D., 1776; usher at Westminster, 1701, second master, 1771, and head-master, 1788"ii.v.1 in Londiui, 1778-1807; sub-almoner, 1784: Cation, ixol.iinil.kiln of Westminster, 1802-16; rector of Islip, Oxfordshire, 1807-16; superintended restoration works in Westminster Abbey from 1807; some of his Latin verse translated by Cowper; published pamphlets, sermons, and, 1797-1813, treatises on ancient geography.
^ Charles Viner (1678–1756), jurist; of Hart Hall, Oxford, 1696; published Abridgment of Law and Equity 23 vols., 1742-53 (the index by Robert Kclham , produced, 1758): founder of the Vinerian common law professorship, scholarships, and fellowships at Oxford.
^ Sir Robert Viner, first baronet (1631–1688), lord mayor of Loudon; apprentice and then partner with his uncle, Sir Thomas Viner, goldsmith and bunker of London; alderman of London, 1606; sheriff, 1666; lord mayor, 1674; knighted, 1665: created baronet, 1666; erected the equestrian statue of Charles II in Stocks Market, Londun, May 1672 (taken down, 1730): li.l u large business for government; ruined by the dishonesty of the exchequer. 1672: bankrupt; his bankruptcy finally settled by act of parliament, 1699.
^ Sir Thomas Viner, baronet (1588–1665), lord mayor of London; came to London, 1600: brought up t Samuel Moore, goldsmith; alderman of Loii'i 1660, sheriff, 1648, lord mayor, 1653; knighted, 1664; created baronet, 1661; did much government banking business from James I's to Charles II's time: benefactor of the Goldsmiths Company.
^ William Litton Viner (1790–1867), composer of church music; organist at Bath, 1820, and at Penzauce, 1835; emigrated, 1859; died in Massachusetts.
^ Richard Vines (1585–1651), colonist; born in Devonshire; studied medicine; explored Maine, 1609; agent for Sir Ferdinando Gorges in Massachusetts, 16 15-4(i: acting-governor of Massachusetts, 1643-5; planter in Barbados, c. 1646-61.
^ Richard Vines (1600?–1666), puritan divine; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1627: school master at Hiuckley, 1624-c. 1642; non-resident rector of Weil, dington, 1628, and of Caldecote, 1630: preacher at Nancaton: an active member of the Westminster Assembly from June 1643; intruded rector of St. Clement Danes, London, 1643-6; intruded master of Pembroke Hall, the BU Lawrence Jewry, London 16MHI:"pob vnraro,
^ Frederick Vining (i?9o?-i87i) LondoTOl? 00 P"-i 1V James Vinlng; bankterk: first TbeaUe), 1847. . J. (IM4-1876), actor: eon of ! ranee; a London in London (VUryleboue ClvuL 171
^ James Vinino (17M-1870) actor; appeared on the London stage, 1808-40. also An on vine-culture, f
^ Geoffrey de Vinsauf (. 1JOO), poet; de Vino BeJvo from a t t,..:;; once popular art of poetry, * Poetrla Novella of lUchard I; visited Italy and was favoured by Pope Innocent 1 1U
^ William Vint (1768–1814, congregational divine; minister at Idle, near Leeds, 1790-1814; divinity tutor of a nonconformist seminary at Idle (known from 1826 as Airedale Independent College) 1800-14; published sermons and theological pieces at a private press 1824-34.
^ Pierre Violet (1749-1 810 ), miniature-painter and .-t-h.-r; in Paris, 1789; exhibited in London, K miniatures and fancy subjects; pubUobed etchings, 1810, and a treatise on miniature-painting before 1788.
^ Thomas Violet (Jl. 163I-1CC2), goUunith and alderman of London; imprisoned f., silver, 1G34: turned informer against oilier m 1636; imprisoned as a royalist, 1642, 1644-8: informer against exporters of silver, 1662-3; published j,. against the exportation of coin.
^ Eva Ma Hi Violetti A (1724–1822), wife of (Jarrick; reputed daughter of Veigd, a Viennese citizen; came to London, 1746; dancer at the Haymarket; guest I of the Earl and Countess of BoriinftOB, who, ou her marriage (1749) to Garrick, settled 6.000. on her.
^ Virghju 8, SAINT (d. 785),
^ George Virttje (1791?–1868), London P u 1 brought out books illustrated by flue copper and n-e engravings; proprietor of the Art Journal
^ James Virtue 8PRENT (1829–1892), art publisher: son of (ieorge Virtue; manager of the New York branch, 1848-66; manager of the London publishing house, 1U56; proprietor of the Art Journal 1866-92.
^ Vttali 8, ORDERICUS (1076–1143?X See oa
^ Vitell or VTTELL8, CHRISTOPHER (Jl. 1566–1679), famillst; originally a joiner of Delft: came to England before 1655; prisoner for A nanism in London, e. 1668; apostle of the family of love in Cambridgeshire and Essex; issued translations of familixt tracts, 1574.
^ Cornblio Vttelii (Jl. 1489), earliest teacher of Greek at Oxford: born in the Homagna; lectured on Greek in New College, Oxford, 1475-89, in Paris, 1489, and In Exeter College, Oxford, 1491; published classical commentaries.
^ Francois Vtvares (1700–1780), landsoapeHOgraver: a Frenchman; came to London, 1727; from landscape-painters for John Boydell; kept a printshop, 1750-80.
^ Vivare 8. THOMAS (Jl. 1770–1790), engraver: son and assistant of Francois Vivares
^ Johannes Ludovious Vives (149S-1640), scholar; born at Vakntia in Spain: went to Paris, 16o9; resided chiedy at Bruges, 1612-31; published his ArU book, Paris, 1614; lectured on Latin authors at Louvain, 1520, 1621-2: wrote a commentary on Augustine's *De Civitate Dei 1521-2; introduced to Henry VIII and his Spanish consort at Bmges, 1621; invited by Henry VIII to England, 1621; D.C.L. Oxford: in cw at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1621; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; went to Bruges; again visited England, 1527: offended Henry VIII by supporting Queen Catherine, ami the queen by withdrawing his advocacy afti-r imprisonment, 1528; withdrew to Bruges; published hi8 chief philosophical treatises, includinc those on education, 1529-31; died at Bruges; a voluminous writer in theology, philology, philosophy, law, and history; collected works first published, 1555; a fuller edition, 1782UM,
^ Sir Charles Crespigny Vivian , second Baron Vivian (1808–1886), son of Sir Richard Hussey Vivian, first baron Vivian; served in the army, 1825-34; major, 1834: M.P., Bodmin, 1835-42; succeeded to barony, 1843; lord-lieutenant of Cornwall, 1866-77.
^ Sir Henry Hussey Vivian, first Baron Swansea ( 1831–1894), educated at Eton, Cambridge, and abroad ; copper merchant in Liverpool, 1842; patented metallurgical processes, 1843-69; director of smelting works at Swansea, 1845-94; took an active part in public affairs in South Wales; liberal M.P., Truro, 1852-7, Glamorganshire, 1857-85, Swansea, 1886, 1886, and 1892-3; created baronet, 1852; Baron Swansea, 1893.
^ Sir Hussey Crespigny Vivian , third Baron (1834–1893), diplomatist; eldest son of Sir Charles Crespigny Vivian, second baron Vivian; clerk in foreign office, 1851-73; agent at Alexandria, 1873, 1876-9, at Bucharest, 1874-6; ambassador at European courts, 1879-93; British plenipotentiary to the slave-trade conference at Brussels, 1889, and G.O.M.G.
^ Sir Richard Hussey Vivian , first BARON Vivian (1775–1842), lieutenant-general ; entered the army, 1793; captain, 1794; lieutenant-colonel, 1804; lieutenantgeneral, 1827; served in Flanders, 1794-5, Holland, 1799, Spain, 1808-9, 1813-14, at Waterloo and in France, 18151818; commander of the forces in Ireland, 1831; mastergeneral of the ordnance, 1835; K.C.B., 1816; M.P., Truro, 1820-5, Windsor, 1826-31,Eaat Cornwall, 1837-41; created baronet, 1828; privy councillor, 1835; created Baron Vivian, 1841; died at Baden-Baden.
^ Sir Robert John Hussey Vivian (1802–1887) general; natural son of Sir Richard Hussey Vivian; lieutenant in the East India Company's service, 1819; captain, 1825; major-general, 1854; general, 1870; served in the Burmese war, 1824-6; served, with frequent furloughs, in India, 1827-54; commanded Turkish contingent in Crimea, 1855-6; K.O.B., 1857; retired, 1877.
^ Frank Vizetelly (1830–1883?), artist: first worked for the Pictorial Times; editor of Le Monde Illustre Paris, 1857-9; war correspondent of theIllustrated London New? 1859 till death; perished with Hicks Pasha in the Sudan.
^ Henry Vizetelly (1820–1894), artist and publisher; of Italian extraction; son of a London publisher; wood-engraver; started the Pictorial Times1843, and the Illustrated Times 1855; correspondent of the Illustrated London News at Paris, 1866-72, and Berlin, 1872; wrote much and translated much, 1867-90; publisher in London, 1879, issuing translations of French fiction: fined for issuing an English version of Zola's La Terre 1888; imprisoned for repeating his offence, 1889: published an autobiography, 1893.
^ John Christopher Augustus Voelcker (1 822-1 884), agricultural chemist; pharmacist at Frankfort-on-Maln: studied chemistry at Gbttingen, 1844-6; Ph.D.; went to Edinburgh, 1847; chemistry professor at j Clrencester Agricultural College, 1849-63; consulting agricultural chemist, 1855-84; resided in London from 1863; F.R.S., 1870; contributed to scientific journals.
^ Sir Julius Vogel (1836–1899), premier of New Zealand; educated at University College School, London, I and Royal School of Mines; emigrated to Victoria goldflelda; settled in Dunedin, New Zealand, 1861; started 'Otago Daily Times member of Otago provincial I council, 1862: head of provincial executive, 1866-9; I member of New Zealand House of Representatives, 1863; i colonial treasurer, 1869, in cabinet of Sir William Fox , and later head of post office and of departments I of customs and telegraphs; premier; adopted policy of j borrowing money in London for development of natural resource* of the island, and when, 1876, he nMifrini premtership and came to England as agent-general, left New Zealand prosperous; knighted, 1875; resigned agentgeneralsliipand returned to colonial parliament as member for Christ Church, 1884; treasurer under radical chief, Sir Robert Stout, 1884-7; leader of opposition, 1887; published Great Britain and her Colonies 1865, and other works; died in Knirland.
^ Frederick Mortimer Vokes (1846–1888 actor in burlesque and dancer; went on the stage, 1854; appeared jointly with his sisters as The Vokes Children 1861, and afterwards as tle Vokcs family; met with great success in London, the provinces, France, and America.
^ Jessie Catherine Biddulph Vokes (1851–1884), actress and dancer.
^ Rosina Vokes (1858–1894), actress in burlesque: married Cecil Clay, 1870; toured in the United States, 1885-93.
^ Victoria Vokes (1853–1894), actress and singer.
^ Joan Vokins (f. 1690), quakeress ; nee Bunce; married Richard Vokins of West Challow; preached in, America and the West Indies, 1680-1, and in Ireland, 1686; her writings published, 1691.
^ Thomas Volentius (1582–1660?).
^ Florence Volusene (1604?–1647?), scholar, whose surname wns possibly Wolson or Wolsey; born in Elginshire; educated at Aberdeen; resided in Paris, 1528-36, first as tutor to Wolsey's son (Thomas Wynter), then as political agent for Thomas Cromwell; lecturer on Latin authors at Carpentras, near Avignon, 1536-16: died at Vienne, Dauphiue; published, at Lyons,Commeutatio quaedam (devotional tract) andDe Animi Tranquillitate (philosophical dialogue), 1543; wrote Latin verses
^ Holst Von , THEODOR (1810–1844), historical painter; of Livonian extraction; born and trained in London; exhibited in London, 1827-44.
^ Vortigern (fl. 450), philologically ' supreme lord ' ; historically, according to Gildas, supplemented by Bede r the prince of south-east Britain, who called in the Saxon.to repel the northern tribes; traditionally, according to Nennius and Geoffrey of Monmouth, the traitor who, for love of the beautiful Saxon, Roweua, ruined the British cause; conjectured by some modern writers to have been leader of a native, at feud with a Roman, party amongp the Britons.
^ Vos or VOSSIUS, GERARD JOHN (1577–1649), scholar; born near Heidelberg; professor at Leyden, 1622; invited to England and made canon of Canterbury, 1629; history professor at Amsterdam, 1633; author of a 'Historia Pelagiana
^ Isaac Vossius (1618–1689), scholar ; son of Gerard John Vos; born at Leyden; edited the Periplus of Scylax, 1639: visited Italy, 1642; edited seven epistles of St. Ignatius, 1646; royal librarian at Stockholm, 1649-52; supported the Septuagiut against the received chronology, 1659-01; wrote against Cartesianism, 1662-3; edited Pliny's Natural History," 1669; invited to England by Dr. John Pearson, 1670; hon. D.O.L. Oxford. 1670; canon of Windsor, 1673-89; publishedDe Poematum cantu a treatise on prosody. 1673, andDe... Oraculis 1679; edited Catullus, 1684, and Juvenal, 1686: published Observations on classical topics, 1685; worked also on Lucretius, Anacreon, Hesychius of Alexandria, and Arriaiv. His library of manuscripts went to Leyden, 1710; his correspondence is largely in the Bodleian.
^ John Vowell (1526?–1601).
^ Voysey alias HARMAN, JOHN (1465?–1554). See Veysey
^ Benjamin Lewis Vuillamy (1780-1 854), clockmaker, of London; published treatises on clock-work, 1828-48.
^ George John Vttluamy (1817–1886), architect ; second son of Benjamin Lewis Vulliamy; pupil of Sir Charles Barry, 1836-41; settled in London, 1843; architect to the metropolitan board of works, 18611886.
^ Lewis Vulliamy (1791–1871), architect : pupil of Sir Robert Sniirke; settled in London, 1822; designed many churches and mansions.
^ Vychan
^ Vychan (1231–1210).
^ Vychan ,howel (d. 825
^ Simwnt Vychan (1530?-1606),
^ Richard Vyse S to Xortl VY8Z, HH HAI:I) (1746-1825), general; entered the army, 1763: colonel of dragoons, 171; served 17'Jt; M.P., Beverley, 1806; general, 1812.
^ Richard William Howard Vyse (1853), major-general: son of Richard Burned Howard as additional name, 181}.
'^ Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan jr, 8m RICHARD RAWLIN8OX, baronet (1800-1879). of Trelowamn: of (
^ Armagil Waad or Wade (d. 1568), styled the English Columbus; native of Yorkshire; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1532: sailed to Cape Breton and Newfoundland. lS3i;: i-lrrk of the council at Calais, 1MO; chief clerk to tlie privy council, 1582-3: M.P., Wycombe, 1647-63; gnvnu-d Milton Grunge, Oxfordshire, 1664: nvoy to Hol.-tdu, 1659; employed on the public service. 1662 and 16G6.
^ Sir William Waad (1546–1623), diplomatist; a younger son of Armagil Waad; succeeded to the estate, 1668: entered Gray Inn, 1671: travelled: coltooted news for Burghley in Paris "76, Italy, 1678-9, at Strasburg, 1680, and in Paris, 1680; ambassador to Portugal, 1580; returned to England, 15K1; clerk of the privy council, 1683-1013; employed on foreign missions, 1683-6; seized Mary smart's papers, 15KO; envoy to France, 1687; M.P., Thetford, 1688, Preston, 1601, West Looe, 1606; tracked out Roderigo Lopez's plot, 1694, and other catholic schemes: knighted, 1603; investigated the Main and By plots, 1603, and Gunpowder plot, 1UU6; lieutenant of the Tower, 1608-13; a member of the Virginia Company, 1609.
^ Wace (fl. 1170), chronicler: born in Jersey: eduated at Caen; wrote many narrative poems in French (remains printed, 1836-79); began, at Henry II's instance, Roman de Kou (a history of the ruling Norman house c. 1107), 1160; prebendary of Bayeux, 1169.
^ William Wadd (1776–1829), surgeon; educated at Merchant Taylors School and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; practised surgery in London; published surgical treatises, 1809-24, and professional chit-chat, 1824-7; accidentally killed at Killarney.
^ Peter Hately Waddell (1817–1891), Scottish divine; educated at (tlastrow; free church minister at frirvan, 1844-61; Independent minister in Glasgow, 18624888; American D.D.: edited Burns, 1867-9, and the Waverley novels, 1882-5; turned the Psalms, 1871, and Jaalab, 1879, into Scottish.
^ Robert Darley Waddilove (1736–1828), dean of Ripon; originally Robert Darley; added Waddilove on succession to property; of Westminster and Clare Hall, Cambridge: M.A., 17C2; uon-nidiMitinciiment in Yorkshire: embassy chaplain at Madrid, 1771-9: examined manuscripts and pictures in Spain: prebendary of Ripon, 1780, of York, 1782; archdeacon of East Riding, 1786; deau of Ripon, 1791-1828; LL.D. Lambeth.
^ Luke Wadding (1588–1667), Franciscan : native of Waterford: educated in Portugal: became a Franciscan, 1607; president of the Irish College, Salamanca, 1617: chaplain to the Spanish embassy at Home, 1618-57; founder and first rector of St. Isidore's College (for Irish students), Rome, 1625-40: instigated Irish rebellion of 1641: published history of Franciscans and theological tractates.
^ Peter Wadding (1.W1 7-161IX Jesuit; native of Waterford: edm-atol at poimy: M.A., D.D., and LL.D.; 'became a Jesuit, 1601: theology profespor successively at Louvain, Antwerp, Prague, Giatz; published theological .works.
^ Charles Waddington (1796–1868), military engineer; educated at Addiacombe; second lieutenant, Born bay engineers, 1813; captain, 1825: major-general, 1 Ml; aerved in India, 1814-47, 1864-8, and at Aden, 1847-44.
^ Edward Waddinotok (1670?–1731 bUbop of Colchester: educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1695. D.D.. 1710; rector of We.ham, 1702. of All Hallows the Great, London. 1712; fellow of Eton, 1720; bishop of Chicherter, 1724-31: published sermons.
^ George Waddinoton (1793–1869), traveller ami church historian: at the Tl artcrhotue, London, 18U8-11; fellow of Trinity Coll.y, Cambridge. 1*17: M.A-.1818; 1)1)., 1840; travelled In Ethiopia, 1821, and Greece, 1H23-4; published a rburch history, 1833, and an account of the reformation in Germany, 1H41; vicar of MM b*n, , 1833-40: dean of Durham, 1840-69.
^ John Waddington (1810–1880), congregational divine; studied at Airedale College: pastor at Stockport, and in Soutlnvark, 1846; D.D.; published memoir* of oongregatlonaUsto, histories of Congregationalism, and
^ Samuel Ferraxd Waddiwgtoh (. 1790–1812), politicimi; educated in Germany: hop merchant near Tonbridire: oppoe*il war with the French republic, 1795: UIIS-A,T"l I.liiiuiKi liurke. 1796; published pamphlets on the hop trade and on political questions. 411
^ Sir Claude Martine Wade (1794–1861 X colonel; served in India. 1809-44; captain. 1826; lieutenant-colonel and knighted, 1839; etnpU-yed in negotiations with Kanjit MH-.-II. 1H23-4I: fontd the Kbaibar Pan and entered Kabul, 1839; political agent at Iniurc, 1840-t.
^ George Wade (1673–1748) field-marshal: an Irishman; ensign, 1690; lieuttuunt-colouel, 1703; nerved in Flandrrs. l.J2 aiwl 1702-3. in Spnin. 17U4-10; dUtinguishol himself in the battle, of Almanr.a, 1707, and Saragoeaa, 1710, and at the taking of Minorca, 1708; major-general, 1714; M.P.. Hindon, 1715; stationed at Bath to ovni'M- the wnu*rn Jacoblt**, 1715; served in the Vigo i-xilition. 171'J: M.P.. Bnth. 1722-48: sent to tlie liiKlilaihls. 1724, where he made military n1733: lieutenant-general, 1727; field-manual, 174*; cuminaii.lol in Flanders, 1744-6: commauder-iu-chief in England, 1745: rent against Prince Charlea Edward; superr.r fuilinir to ston his uuirch. IviiL 4131 twded for foiling to stop his march
^ John Wade (1788–1875). author; leader-writer in the Spectator 1868-68: published The Black Book an lire of minx-iins. 1H2O-S, a British history, 1839, a :teer of the worl.1. 1863, ami popular trrU* on I eoclal questions; granted a civil-list pension, 1862.
^ Joseph Augustixb Wade (1796?-IH45), composer; native of Dublin: opera-conductor in London: among other works brought out an oratorio, 1824, and an opera, 1826; died insane, llriii. 417
^ Nathaniel Wade (d. 1718) conspirator : entered the Middle Temple, 16H1: privy to the Rye House plot, 1683: escaped to Iloilainl: served as major In Monmouth's Invasion, June 1686: taken prisoner, October 1685; turned king's evidence: pardoned, 1C8C; townclerk of Bristol. by James ll's appointment, 1G87.
^ Thomas Wade (1806–1875), poet : resided in London: published poeins, showing Shelley's influence, 1..;ni,l MiiiKli rt cordis... CarmiiKi 1835; brought out Woman's Love" (otherwise Duke Andrea), a romantic drama, 1828, * The Phrenolo.rista (farce), :mdThe Jew of Arragon (train-dy ), 1X30; published pamphlets, 1837-9: editedBell's Weekly Messenger: withdrew to Jersey and edited there Tbe h Press; died at Jersey.
^ Sir Thomas Francis Wade (1818–1895), diplomatist; brought up at Mauritius, 1823-7, and the Cape, 1829-32; at Harrow, 1832-7, and Trinity College, Cambridge, 1837-8; entered the army, 1838; lieutenant, 1841; studied Chinese during the voyage to Hongkong, 1841-2; interpreter at Hong-Kong, 1843-51: vice-consul at Shanghai, 1852; Chinese secretary at Hong-Kong, 1855; attached to Lord Elgin's Chinese missions, 1857 and I860; member of the Pekin legation, 1861-71, and ambassador there, 1871-83: K.O.B., 1876; Chinese professor, Cambridge, 1888; bequeathed his Chinese books to Cambridge University: published papers on China and the Chinese language, 1849-81.
^ Walter Wade d. 1825), Irish botanist ; M.D., practising in Dublin, 1790; lectured on botany; made botanical tours in Ireland; published papers on Irish flora, 1794-1804, synopses of his lectures, and other botanical papers.
^ Wade or WAAD, Sm WILLIAM (1546–1623). See
^ Ralph Wader , EARL OF NORFOLK ( . 1070). See
^ Wade 80N, ANTHONY (. 1600), playwright; author probably of Look about you a comedy, 1600; wrote also a sequel, 1601,The... humorous Earle of Gloster, with his conquest of Portugall now lost.
^ Richard Wadeson (1826–1885), colonel ; private soldier, 1843; serjeant-major, 1854: lieutenant, 1857: V.O.; captain, 1864; brevet-colonel, 1880; distinguished himself, especially in the Delhi campaign, 1857; lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1885.
^ John Wadham (d. 1411), justice of the common pleas, 1388-97.
^ Wadhaj f, NICHOLAS (1532–1609), founder of Wadbam College, Oxford; married Dorothy Petre (15341618), 1555: lived retiredly at Merefield: built an almshouse at Ilton, 1606; his plans for a college at Oxford carried on by his widow, 1610, and Wadham College completed, July 1613.
^ James Wadmore (1782–1853), collector of objects of vertu; a land-surveyor.
^ James Wadsworth , the elder (1572?–1623), Jesuit; B.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1600; beneflced in Suffolk, 1598-1604; embassy chaplain at Madrid, 1605; official of the inquisition, Seville; English tutor to the infanta Maria, 1623.
'^ James Wadsworth, the younger (1604–1656?), Spanish scholar; son of James Wadsworth the elder ; token to Spain, 1610; educated at Seville, Madrid, and, 1618-22,St. Omcr; prisoner in Algiers, 1623; namedcaptainin the Spanish service a government spy in England, 1625, and in Brussels and Paris, 1626; prisoner at Calais, 1627; published his English-Spanish Pilgrim 1629 (enlarged, 1630); a common informer against Romanists from 1630; published translations from the Spanish.
^ Thomas Wadsworth (1630–1676), nonconf...-nnst divine; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1652-4; M.A., 1654; intruded rector of St. Mary's, Neu ington, 1653-60;lecturerin London, 1660-2; pub ed sermons.
^ Lionel Wafer (1660?–1705?), buccaneer; ship's Burgeon, 1677-9, in a voyage to Java; surgeon at Port .Royal, Jamaica, 180; surgeon on board an Kn-rlish pirate to the Pacific: lamed while craning tin* Isthmus of Dftrien, 1681, and resided for some months among the Darien Indians; picked up by William Dampier, with whom he sutiseqiii'iitlj -cruised in theet Indies; went a buccaneering voyage with 1-Mwanl Davis. 10831702), 1683; settled in Virginia; rcumie 1 to Kngland, 1691; published his narrative, 1099; urged the colonisation of Darien, 1704.
^ Sir Charles Wager (1666–174:!), admiral : served in the navy, 1690-9, 1701-6, chiefly in the Mediterruiu'iui: in command at Jamaica, 1 707-9; enriched prize-money, defeating a Spanish treasure-fleet, 170K, oi'l Cartagena; rear-admiral, 1707; knighted, 1709; employed at the admiralty office, 1715-33; blockaded Cadiz, 1727-8; admiral, 1731; first lord of the admiralty, 17331742.
^ Lewis Wager (fl. 1566), author of an interlude (15G6), Repentaunce of Marie Magdalene; rector of St. James's, Garlickbithe, 1560.
^ William Wager (. 1566), author of two interludes, The longer thou livest, the more foole thou art r andThe cruell Debtter ( 1566); other pieces attributed to him.
^ Martin Waghorn (d. 1787), navy captain; served in the navy, 1762-4 and 1778-86; captain of the Royal George when she sank, 29 Aug. 1782; acquitted by a competent court-martial.
^ Thomas Waghorn (1800–1850), pioneer of the overland route (from Cairo to Suez) to India; served in the navy, 1812-17; pilot in the Bengal service, 1819-24: commanded a sloop in the Burmese war, 1824-5; advocated the overland route, 1827; established its feasibility, 1829; organised the transport service for it, before 1841; lieutenant, R.N., 1842; published pamphlets, 1831-46.
^ John Wagstaffe (1633–1677), author of 'Witchcraft Debated(1669), questioning the possibility of witchcraft; educated at St. Paul's School, London; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1656.
^ Sir Joseph Wagstaffe (. 1642), royalist: major in the French service; lieutenant-colonel "in Unparliamentary army, 1642; changed sides, 1643; royalist major-general; knighted, 1644; headed the Wiltshirerising, 1655; petitioned for reward, 1662.
^ Thomas Wagstaffe , the elder (1645–1712), nonjuror; educated at Charterhouse, London, and New luni Hall, Oxford; M.A., 1667; incumbent of Martinsthorpe. 1669; chancellor of Lichfield, 1684; rector of St. Gabriel Fencburch, London, 1684; ejected as a nonjuror, 1691; physician; consecrated nonjuriug bishop of Ipswich. 1694; published pamphlets.
^ Thomas Wagstaffe , the younger (1692–1770), nonjuror; second son of Thomas "Wagstaffe the elder ; ordained nonjuring priests 1719: keeper of tlie nonjurorschurch registers: Anglican chaplain to the Chevalier St. George and Prince Charles Edward at Rome, before 1738; collated manuscripts at the Vatican; published pamphlets.
^ William Wagstaffe (1685–1725), physician; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1707; M.D., 1714*; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1720; bis Miscellaneous Works published, 1725.
^ Thomas Griffiths Wainewright (1794–1852), poisoner and art critic; art-student in London, 1814: wrote art critiques for theLondon Magazine 1820-3; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1821-5: forged an order on the Bank of England, 1826; poisoned several relatives to secure money, 1828-30; imprisoned at Paris: transported for the 1826 forgery, 1837; died, a convict, in Tasmania.
^ William of Wainfleet (1395?–1486). See William Waynflete.
^ Daniel Guilford Wait (1789–1850), hebraist; educated at University College, Oxford, and St. John's College, Cambridge; LL.D. Cambridge, 182*: rector of Blagdon, 1819; published sermons and works of textual criticism, 1811-48; issued Jewish... Antiquities 1823.
^ Thomas Waite or Waite (fl. 1634–1668), regicide: colonel in the parliamentary army, 1643; governor of Burley House, 1644-5; M.P., Rutland, 1646-1653; suppressed the Peterborough rising, 1648; gave evidence against the Duke of Hamilton; one of Charles I's judges; imprisoned from 1660.
^ Robert Waithman (1764–1833), politician; a competence as a London linendraper; agitated against. war with the French republic, 1794; alderman of London, iKls, slu-riff. l.H2u, lord mayor, 18J8, and M.P, London, 1818-20, 1820-33; published pamphlets.
^ Hereward the Wake (fl. 1070). See Hereward.
^ Sir Isaac Wake (1580?-1632), diplomatist; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1593; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1598; M.A., 1603; public orator, 1604; welcomed James I to Oxford, 1606 (the event described in his Rex Platonicus 1607); secretary of embassy at Venice, c.1610, and Turin, c. 1614; ambassador, with occasional absences on missions, at Turin, 1616-30: knighted, 1619: M.P., Oxford University, 1624: ambassador at Paris, 1631; published Latin speeches, etc.; died at Paris.
^ Thomas Wake (1297–1349), baron; succeeded his father, 1300; his chief estates in Lincolnshire; a royal ward married Blanche, daughter of Henry of Lancaster; given possession of his estates, 1317; joined the rising against Edward II and the Despensers, 1326: constable of the Tower of London, 1326; joined the rising against Isabella and Mortimer, 1328; fined and deprived of his offices, 1329; restored to his lands and offices, 1331; governor of the Channel islands; imprisoned, 1340.
^ William Wake (1657–1737), archbishop of Canterbury; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1679; D.D., 1689; chaplain to the embassy at Paris, 1682-5; preacher at Gray's Inn, 1688-96; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1689-1702; dean of Exeter, 1703; rector of St. James's, Westminster, 1693-1701; bishop of Lincoln, 1705; translated to Canterbury, 1716: negotiated for union with the French Jansenists, 1717-20; published theological treatises; bequeathed his library to Christ Church, Oxford.
^ Felix Wakefield (1807–1875), engineer; 1847; visited New Zealand. and oonstrnctor of the Bala18M; returned MU. 4*7) iron. W i. elara to Sebastopol railway, ..:,,. 1,1-.:. n
^ Gilbert (1756-1801). r..:.!..-! ft feOow, 1776-9; and Liverpool: adoptnl Unitarian views; el at Warrlngton onlterian college, 1779-81; private tutor at Nottingham, and afterwards at Hackney: pubbabed 8Uva crittca 1789: maintained the lm accents; edited the Georgic* 1788, some Greek plays, and Horace, 1794, and Lucretius, 1796-t: conceived a violent hatred of Pitt and of Porton, assailing Ponon's Hecuba C1797) in aDiatribe Bxtemporalis; Imprisoned for a seditious pamphlet, 1799-1801; published also theological ; idHM-. Pan* MtfctfOh WB.4W
^ Peter of Wakefield (d. 1213), hermit; known also as Peter of Pontefract; predicted, 1212, that before Ascension day, 1213, King John's crown would pass to another; prediction fulfilled in John's submission to the pope; put to death by John at Wareham.
^ Mrs. Priscilla Wakefield ( 1751-1832), author and philanthropist; a qnakeress; married, 1771, Bdwaift aki-neld (1750-18J6), a London merchant: resided at Tottenham, where she instituted a lying-in charity, 1791, hed educational worta and a savings bank, 1798; published for children.
^ Robert Wakefeld (d. 1537), orientalist; studied at Cambridge before 1514, and abroad: Hebrew professor at Louvain, 1619, Tubingen, 1520-3; taught Hebrew at Cambridge, 1524, and Oxford, 1530; wrote in favour of Henry VIII's divorce, 1628; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1532; his treatises the first In England (1524) to employ Hebrew and Arabic type.
^ Thomas Wakefeld (fl. 1575), hebraist; M.A. Cambridge: first regius professor of Hebrew, Cambridge, 1540- taught, 1540-9 and 1553-69; probably rejected protestantism.
^ Arthur Wakefield (1799–1843), colonist ; son of Edward Wakefield: captain in the navy; founded Nelson, New Zealand, 1841; killed in battle with the Maoris.
^ Daniel Wakefield (1776–1846), writer on political economy, son of Priscilla Wakefleld; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1802; equity draughtsman.
^ Edward Wakefield (1774–1864), author of Ireland: statistical and political 1812; son of Priscilla _ Wakefield; farmer at Romf ord; land-agent in bishop of Norwich, 1416: joint-envoy to the council of London. rjonstHnce. 1416-1H: persecuted the lollards; much n
^ Edward Gibbon Wakefield (1796–1862), colonial statesman; son of Edward Wakefield: employed at the embassy at Turin, 1814-16: eloped with a ward of court, 1816; attached to the embassy at 1820-6; abducted an heiress, 1826; imprisoned, 1826-9, j and his marriage cancelled by parliament: urge* forms in the administration of the Australian colonies, 1839-49 procured the discontinuance of free grants of i__j; So,,. nf, WnlPs. 1831: secured formation of i the Portuguese army, ; went to Sew Zealand d Company, 1840: his
^ William Hayward Wakefield (180J-1848), colonist; son of Edward Wakefield: imprisoned 1826-9, for abetting an abduction by his brother. Kdv Giblxm Wakefleld q. v.; entered 1829; colonel In the Spanish army; as agent for the New Zealand Land Company, large purchases of Maori lands annulled by the colonial government, 1840-1; founded Wellington, 1840, and settled there. 0*11. *

[1] Petruccio Ubaldini (1524?–1600?), illuminator and scholar; native of Tuscany; came to England, 1545; employed by Henry VIII in Italy: employed by Edward VI; accompanied the English forces into Scotland, 1649; wrote a description of England, 1551; resided in Venice, f. 1552-62; resided in England, c. 1562-86; published, 1681, Vita dl Carlo Magno the first Italian book printed in England; went to the Low Countries, 1586; wrote narrative of the Spanish Armada, 1588: published lives of illustrious English and Scottish ladies, 1591; published accounts of Rome, Naples, and Tuscany, 1594 and 1597; published Rime 1596; works illuminated by him in British Museum Library.

[2] Uhtred

[3] Uchtryd (the Welsh form of Uhtred) (d. 1148), bishop; a Welshman; archdeacon of Llandaff, c. 1126; elected bishop of Llandaff, 1134, and consecrated, 1140; traditional uncle of Geoffrey of Mouniouth tq. v.

[4] Bphraim Udall (d. 1647), royalist divine; son of John Udall; M.A, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1614; incumbent of Twldington, 1G15: rector of St Augustine's, Watling Street, London, 1634; a puritan, bat ejected by parliament for defending episcopacy, 1643; published theological tracts.

[5] John Udall or Uvedale (1560?–1592), puritan; entered Cambridge University, 1578; M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, 1684; friend and fellow-student of John Penry; Incumbent of Kingston-on-Thames before 1584; published sermons, 1584-6; prosecuted for hostility to episcopacy, 1586; conferred with Penry, 1587; published anonymously, through Robert Waldegrave's press, The State of the Church andA Demonstration against the bishops, 1588: deprived of his benefice, July 1588; preacher at Newcastle-ou-Tyne, December 1588; imprisoned on suspicion of complicity in Penry's Mar-Prelate tracts, January 1590; sentenced to death, 1591; pardoned, June 1592, but died soon after. His commentary on the Lamentations of Jeremiah and Hebrew grammar and dictionary appeared posthumously, 1593.

[6] Nicholas Udall or Uvedale (1505–1556), dramatist and scholar; a native of Hampshire; scholar of Winchester College, 1517; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1520; fellow, 1524; suspected of Lutheranism, 1526: M.A., 1534; published selections from Terence, with English version, 1533; head-master of Eton, 1534; a flogging master; dismissed for misconduct, 1541; perhaps had hisRalph Roister Doister (printed, 1566), the earliest known English comedy, acted by Eton boys before 1541; vicar of Braintree, 1537-44; published an English version of part of Erasmus'sApophthegms 1542, and took part in the English version of Erasmus's Paraphrase of the New Testament published, 1648; employed by Edward VI to reply to the Devonshire catholics, 1549; translated Peter Martyr's discourse on the Lord's Supper, 1550, and Thomas Gemini's 'Anatomia 1552; prebendary of Windsor, 1551; rector of Calborne, Isle of Wight, 1553; received into favour by Queen Mary and Stephen Gardiner: play-writer to Queen Mary, 1554; head-master of Westminster School, 1551 G.

[7] John de Ufford (d. 1349). See Offord

[8] Sir Ralph de Ufford (J. 1346) lord justice of Tn-lai.,1, Km.

[9] Kohkrt Dk Tjfford (d. 1898), younger son of Suffolk landowner,.1,,,n; took bin mirname from his Innl-li.p.,! Uffonl. Suffolk: attended ) .iisu.lt-; loni -viand, 127C Roscoinmon Castle.

[10] Earl of Suffolk .. i::i8; knighted; attended . ..-. i movement against Mortimer, 1330; reHIM! office*: summoned M a baroti, 1332; :i.hi.-f counsellor of Edward III: erred a* Scott, 1335-7; created Earl of Suffolk, 1837: envoy to France, 1337, 1S38; In attendance on Edwanl III in Brabant, 1839; taken prisoner near Lille, and ransomed, ;.: served in Brittany, 1343; envoy to Pope Clement VI at Avignon, 1343: admiral of tbe northern fleet, 1844-7; accompanied Edwanl III to Prance, 1346: fought at Crecy, 1846: a com i mil with the French, 1348-60: fought Spanish off WincheUwa, 1360: accompanied Black 1 litaine, 1356: led raids into French territory, 1355-6; distinguislied himself at Poitiers, 135C; employed ou embattles up to IMS: removed Leiston Abbey to a uew site, 1868.

[11] William De Utforjd , second Earl of of his house (1339 7-1382), second sou of Robert de Ufford, earl of Suffolk; summoned as a baron, 1364: succeeded to earldom, 1369: nerved in France, 1370: accompanied John of Gaunt through France, 1373; K.6., 1375: opposed John of Gaunt in the Good parliament, 1376; employed under Richard II in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1377: served in France and Brittany, 1377-8, and in Scotland, 1880: sought by the revolted Norfolk peasants to be their leader, June 1381: employed in suppressing the rising, June-August, 1381: took a leading part against John of Gaunt, October 1381. The title died with him, aud the estates lapsed to the crown.

[12] Sir Anthony Ughtred (d. 1634), soldier; marshal of Touraay, 1514; captain of Berwick, 1523-8; governor of Jersey.

[13] Sir Thomas Ughtred, styled Baron Ughtred (1291?-1365), succeeded to his estates in Yorkshire, 1309; served at the siege of Berwick, 1319; M.P., Yorkshire, 1320, 1330, and 1332; supported Edwanl II against Thomas of Lancaster, 1322; knighted, 1324: accompanied Edward Baliol in his invasion of Scotland, 1332; made barou of Inuerwick by Baliol; covered Baliol's retreat, 1334; governor of Perth, 1338, but surrendered, 1339; served in France, 1340, 1347, 1360: said to have been summoned as a peer, 1343-64, but was probably only knight of the shire for Yorkshire, 1344 and 1352.

[14] Uhtred or Uchtred (d. 1016), Earl of Northumbria; helped Bishop Kaldhnn to fix his see at Durham, 995: married Ecgfrida, Ealdhun's daughter; defeated an invasion of the Scots under Malcolm II, 1006: received his father's earldom from Ethelred II; married Ethelred's daughter Aelfgifu; submitted to King Sweyn, 1013; resisted Canute, 1015-10; Main by Canute's order.

[15] Uhtred, Utred or Owtred (1315?–1396), Benedictine theologian; called also John Utred, and (from his birthplace, Boldon, North Durham) Uhtred Boledunus or Bolton; entered the Benedictine order, 1332 sent to London, 1337, to Oxford, 1340, to Stamford, 1344, and again to Oxford before 1347; said to be B.D.. 1354, aud D.D., 1357; attacked the friars; prior of Finchule Abbey, 1367, and afterwards: sub-prior of Durham, 1368 and 1381; envoy to Pope Gregory XI, 1373; attended the great council at Westminster, 1374: in Oxford, 1383; published monastic and religious treatises.

[16] Philip de Ulecot (. 1220), judge; constable of Oliiuou, 1205: ransomed from the French, 1207: one of King John's evil counsellors: sheriff of Northumberland; employed by King John to bold the north for him; continued in office by Henry III; a justice itinerant in the north, 1219.

[17] Ulfcytel or Ulfketel (rf. 1016), earl of the Ancles; made peace with King Sweyn. lum; .: I.,...-:.-.-.,.,...

[18] William Bernard Ullathorne nt, V 1 man catholic prelate: son of a York, -. s m. mSK BOTH: tb ..,.-,to M . ! .-,..!... - 1 .. orwntry, IMI.. ..:.,: ,-V:,l...:, V .1.,, 1 f west England, 1846; tr : - dot, !-.- i,.,;,..f i: M v at* KWB..; Wj wrote and agitated against MWwiU, {. EOI EUBOl. 14J.-:, 1.1391-1403; tracts and ooounonal pamphlets.

[19] Richard Ullerston (d. 1423), theological writer; 1896-7; DJ) M 1394; prebendary of Salisbury, 1401; of Beeford, 1407; chancellor of Oxford University, 1408.

[20] Kaulh Ok Ulster . See Corn- Hugh de Lacy, d. 1242?: RUUOH. WALTER DK, called of Ui Earl .STKK. . ' iu DK, second E.UIL of the Burgh family, 18697-1326; BCRUII. VM.I.IAM DK, third KAHU 1312-1332; LIO.VKL ov ANTWKRF, .rat (VI i i.K, 1374-1398; MUUIIMKK, KIIMI.-MI (IV) I.K, 1391-1425.

[21] Ultan (d. 666), of Anlnrecain; Irish saint; tribal bishop of central Meath; commemorated on 4 Sept.

[22] Umfraville (JILHEUT DE, EARL or AJtOTO (1244 V-1307), sou of Matilda, heiress of tbe Celtic earto of Angus, and of Gilbert de Umfraville (d. 1246); of a 'revllle, " Norman stock (originally from Amfr Eure) long settled at Redesdale, Northumberland; ward of Simon de Moutfort, and compelled to side with him in the baronswan; fought against the barons, It64: styled J-irl of Angus, c. 1367; summoned to tbe English parlia: -rally as Gilbert de Umfraviue, and to the Scottish parliament: accepted Edward I as arbiter of Scotland, 1291; accepted John Baliol as king of Scotland. 1392: served in Gascony, 1294: fought for Edward I against Baliol and Wallace, 1296-8.

[23] Gilbert De Umfeaville (1310–1381). son of Robert de Umfraville, earl of Angus; sum mono! to tbe English parliament as Earl of Angus; joined Edward Baliol In his attempt on Scotland, 1883-4: fought at Neville's Cross, 1846: entailed Redesdale on his naifbrother, 1378.

[24] Gilbert Db Umfraville (1390–1431), popularly styled Earl of Kyme *: sou of Sir Tbonuw de Umfraville ( 13C2-1391), eldest son of Sir Thomas de Umfravllle : inherited, 1391. Harbottle and Redesdate, and Kyme In Kesteven: a royal ward in charge successively of his uncle, Robert de Umfraville (rf. I486), of Hotspur, and, 1403, of George Dunher, earl of March; came of age and was knighted, 14 ID: went to help Philip of Burgundy, 1411; served at Calais, 1413: fought In Henry V's French wars, 1416-19: granted AmfrertBe and other Norman estates; envoy to the French court, 1419; accompanied Henry V to Paris, 1430; marsliol of France, 1421; killed in battle at Bauge.

[25] Robert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus (1277-1325), son of Gilbert de Umfraville, earl of Angus q. v.; succeeded, 1307; fought for Edward II against the Soote and tbe barons; taken prisoner at Bannockburn, 1314, and deprived of his Scottish title and estates; married tbe heiress of Kyme, Lincolnshire.

[26] Robert de Umfraville (d. 14S6), younger son of Sir Thomas de Umfravllle; constantly engaged in border warfare with the Scots; nicknamed Robin Mcndmarkot; sheriff of Northumberland: inherited Redesdale and Kyme from his nephew, Gilbert de Umfraville (1390-1421); last of the male line of the Umfravilles of Redesdale, Iviii. 36)

[27] Sir Thomas de Umfraville (d. 1386), half-brother of Gilbert de Umfraville (1310-1381), from whom he inherited Redesdale and Kyme.

[28] Robert Ummarcote (d. 1241). See Somercotes.

[29] Fanny Umpbelby (1788–1852), author of 'The Child's Guide to Knowledge 1825.

[30] Thomas Underdown (fl. 1566–1587), poet and translator; published The excellent Historye of Theseus and Ariadne 1566, Heliodorus's Ethiopian Historie, 1569, and Ovid against Ibis with an appendix of legends, 1569.

[31] Gave Underhill (1634–1710?), actor : son of a London clothworker; entered Merchant Taylors School, 1645; a leading member of the Duke of York's company, 1661, of the joint company, 16H2; a principal player of comic parts, 1661-1702; appeared occasionally, 1704-10.

[32] Edward Underhill (. 1539–1562), the 'hot gospeller'; occurs as a gentleman pensioner, 1539-62; served in Hainault, 1543, and France, 1544; a forward protestant in Edward VI's reign; served at Boulogne, 1549; imprisoned for a lampoon on Queen Mary, 1553.

[33] John Underhill (1545?–1592), bishop of Oxford; at Winchester School, 1556; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1561-76; M.A., 1568; chaplain to Dudley, earl of Leicester; rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, by Leicester's influence, 1577-90; D.D., 1581; after other benefices, rector of Witney, 1587; bishop of Oxford, 1589-92.

[34] John Underhill (d. 1672), colonist; of a Warwickshire family; served in the Netherlands, and, 1G25, against Cadiz; taken as military instructor to New England, 1630; joint-leader against the Peqnot Indians, 1637; governor of Dover colony, Piscataqua; served the Dutch against the Indians in New Netherlands, 1643, and resided in other colonies.

[35] Michael Underwood (1736–1820), man-midwife; studied in London and Paris: practised in London as a surgeon, and, from 1784, as man-midwife; published surgical treatises.

[36] Sir Henry Unton or Umpton (1557?–1596), diplomatist and soldier; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1590; entered Middle Temple, 1575; travelled in France and Italy; M.P., New Woodstock, 1584-5; served in the Low Countries, 1585-6; knighted, 1586; envoy to Henry IV of France, 1591-2; M.P., Berkshire, 1593; envoy to France, 1695; died at La Fere; part of his official despatches published.

[37] Mary (1724–1796), the friend of Cowper ; nie Cawtborne; married Morley Unwiu, 1744; resided hi Huntingdon, 1748; took William Cowper, the poet, as a boarder, October 1765; widowed, July 1767; took Oowper with her to Olney, September 1767, and to Weston, 1786; a marriage with Cowper projected in 1772 stopped by his insanity.

[38] William Cawthorne Unwin (1745?-1786), correspondent of Oowper: eldest son of Mary Unwin q. v.; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1767; rector of Stock, 1769.

[39] Unwona (d. 800?), sixth bishop of Leicester; succeeded, c. 781; reputed a Welshman and a scholar.

[40] William Upcott (1779–1845), antiquary and autograph collector; natural son of Ozias Humphry , who bequeathed him his correspondence, engravings, etc.; assistant-librarian of the London Institution, 1808-34; his collections sold by auction, 1846; published a catalogue of his papers, 1836, and a bibliography of English topography, 1818; edited antiquarian works.

[41] Edward Upbam (1776–1834), orientalist, bookseller in Exeter; mayor of Exeter, 1809; chief works, The History and Doctrine of Buddhism 1829, History of the Ottoman Empire from Its Establishment till the year 1828 1829, and a translation of the sacred and historical books of Ceylon, 1833.

[42] Sir Thomas Upinoton (1846–1898), South African statesman; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1868; an Irish barrister. 1867; settled in Cape Colony, 1874; attorneygenerai there, 1878-81, 1886-90, 1896-8; premier, 1884-6; K.O.JU}., 1887; judge of the supreme court, 1892-6.

[43] Ossory Upper , LOUD OF (1535?-1581). See FlTZPATRICK, SlH BARNABY.

[44] Arthur Upton (1623–1706), Irish presbyterian ; a royalist; refused the Engagement; sat in the Irish parliament successively for Oarrickfergus and co. Antrim, 1661-1701: raised a foot regiment for William III;:it . tainted by James II's Irish parliament, 1689.

[45] James Upton (1670–1749), schoolmaster; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1701; assistant-master at Eton; taught school at Ilminster, 1724-30; master of Taunton grammar school, 1730-49; beneflced in Somerset, 1711-49; edited classical texts, including Theodore Gulston's Latin version of Poetics of Aristotle (1623), 1696.

[46] John Upton (1707–1760), editor of Spenser; younger son of James Upton; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1728-36; M.A., 1732; beneficed in Somerset and Gloucestershire; edited Spenser's Faerie Queen 1758.

[47] Nicholas Upton (1400?-1457), writer on heraldry: at Winchester School, 1408; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1415; B.C.L.; a soldier in France; present at the siege of Orleans, 1428; perhaps B Oan.L. Oxford, 1438; held cathedral preferment at Wells, 1431, I St. Paul's, London, 1443, and Salisbury, 1446; rector successively of Chedsey, Stapylford, and Farleigh; solicited ! at Borne the canonisation of Bishop Osmund (d. 1099) 1, 1452-3; compiled a large treatisede officio militari (printed, 1654).

[48] Upton Sm NICHOLAS (d. 1551), knight of St. John of Malta; killed by sunstroke while defending Malta against the Turks.

[49] Sir Thomas Urchard (1611–1660). See URQUHART

[50] Andrew Ure (1778–1857), chemist and scientific writer; educated at Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities; M.D. Glasgow, 1801; professor of chemistry in Anderson's College, Glasgow, 1804-30; director of Glasgow Observatory, 1809; inaugurated popular scientific lectures; F.R.S., 1822; analytical chemist in London, 1830-57: published 'Dictionary of Chemistry 1821,Dictionary of Arts, I Manufactures, and Mines 1853, and other works.

[51] David Ure (d. 1798), geologist; a Glasgow weaver ; M.A. Glasgow, 1776; assistant-minister at East Kilbrlde: minister of Uphall, 1796-8; published geological tracts, 1793-7.

[52] Joannes Uri (1726–1796), orientalist; born at Kbros, Hungary; studied at Leyden; edited a Hebrew etymology and the Burda (Arabic poem), 1761; resided in Oxford, 1766-96; compiled a defective Catalogue of Bodleian Oriental MSS. 1787; edited Persian, Turkish, and Hebrew pieces.

[53] Urien (. 570), British prince ; historically ' Urbgen,' prince of part of North Britain; slain in battle with the Northumbrian Angles (appendix to NENNIUS, c. 690); mythologically he appears in Malory as King Vryeus of the land of Goire (Gower, according to Glamorganshire antiquaries).

[54] David Urquhart (1805–1877), diplomatist; educated in France, Geneva, and Spain, 1817-21: at Oxford, 1822; travelled in the East; served in Greek navy, 1827-8: surveyed Greek frontier, 1830; attached to Sir Stratford Canning's Constantinople mission, 1831-2; sent to Con! stantinople to report on British trade, 1834; secretary of embassy at Constantinople, 1836; recalled, 1837, for hostility to Russia; M.P., Stafford, 1847-52; a bitter oppoi nent of Palmereton; wrote and agitated in favour of Turkish autonomy; withdrew, in ill heath, to Montreux, Switzerland, 1864; published notes of travel and political and diploma tical papers; died at Naples.

[55] Thomas Urquhart (. 1650?), violin-maker; of London.

[56] Sir Thomas Urqubart or Urchard (1611-1660), of Cromarty; author and translator; eldest son of Sir Thomas Urquhart; of King's College, Aberdeen; travelled in France, Spain, and Italy; fought at Turriflf against the Covenanters, 1639; withdrew to London, May 1639; knighted, 1641; publishedEpigrams 1641; returned to Scotland to arrange his affairs, 1642; went ioro:v 1 1 r, 2 s:, n.otetras a trigonometrical . aim CuarUs II. 1641*: fo. arU*H K. Vorce*whre inauy of hi* maim the parliamentarians, 1U61 :n*n,T in the IA rnf Im.l.iii..:. l )l b l 1 "-::..-ro;poi*ai). l'5l, iili.1:m:n,,::,, Kr7,.toaAvpoO against Scottish inns, 16&2; visited Scotland on parole, 1662-3; 1 scheme for a universal language in bis Logo. fl'v'M IMS. and part of hu translation of Kabe lots, 1653: died abroad. A furth.-r i-.rtion of Rabelais V_H- print,l. 10M; his mlsceUdiieoas works were collected. 1 134. MIL 461

[57] John Urry or Hurry, (it. 1650), professional i'h.-r;..I I'itri.-hii-. AtM-ntaenshira: served abroad: lieutenant-colonel in Scotland; solicited to join, but fought at Marston Moor, 1644; surrendered to the parliament, but was soon released on parole, 1644; attached himself to the Scottish army: sent, with William Balllie, against Montrose, March 1645; routed at Auklcarn. May 1648; went back to the royalists; accompanied Hamilton's army to Preston, 1648; escaped to the continent; major-general in Moutrose's descent, January 1660; taken prisoner at Carbisdale; beheaded at Edinburgh.

[58] John Urry (1666–1715), editor of Chaucer: student of Christ Church, Oxford: BJU 1686; a nonjuror, 1689; undertook to edit Chaucer, 1711; tampered with the text; his edition completed bj others and publUhed, 1711.

[59] Urse D'Abetot(. 1086) sheriff of Worcestershire: occurs in Domesday as a great landowner in Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford, and Warwick; oppressed Worcester, Pershore, and Kveaham monasteries; reputed founder of Malvern priory; helped to crush the Earl of Hereford's revolt, 1074. The estates passed, through a daughter, to the Beauchamp family.

[60] Saint Ursula (J. 238, or 283, or 451 X patroness of virgins; described as only daughter of Deonotus, a British priuce; sailed with ten virgin companions and eleven thousand virgin attendant* to Cologne: visited Home; massacred at Cologne on her return, with her company, by the Huns. The legend occurs in the eighth century, was developed in the twelfth century, and popularised by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The Ursuline nun?, named after her, were founded in 1537. Many attempts have been made to get rid of the difficulties involved in the number eleven thousand, culnmmting in Rcttberg's conjecture that XI.M.V. (meaningeleven martyred virgins was Iviii. misread eleven thousand virgins

[61] Christopher Urswick (1448-1522), diplomatist and churchman; educated at Cambridge; LL.D.; confessor to Lady Margaret Beaufort, and to Henry VII: negotiated the marriage treaty between Henry (then Earl of Richmond) and Elizabeth of York, 1484; accompanied Henry to England, 1486: master of Kintr's Hall, Cambridge, 1485-8; envoy to Pope Innocent VIII, I486, to Castile, 1488, to France, 1489 and 1492, to Scotland, 1492 and 1493, to the king of the Romans, 1496: dean of York, 1488-91; dean of Windsor, 1496-1522; rector of Hackney, London, 1602-22: held much cathedral and parochial preferment; friend of Erasmus.

[62] Sir Thomas Urswick (d. 1479) judge: Yorkist; re. -order of Ixindou, 1155; M.P., London, 1461 ami 1467; lulmittal Edward IV to London, 1471; knighted, 1471; chief-baron of the exchequer, 1472.

[63] Thomas Urwick (1727–1807), independent divine ; of Glasgow University: pastor in Worcester, 1754-76, Nurborough, 1776-9, and Clapham, 1779-1807: published sermon*.

[64] William Urwick (1791–1868). congregational divine; pastor at Sligo, 1816-26, and in Dublin, 1826-68; D.D. Connecticut, 1832; professor in the Dublin Theological Institute, 1832; published biographies of congregational worthies, autobiographical notes, hymns, and controversial pamphlets.

[65] Uscytel or Usketillus (d. 971). See Oskytel.

[66] Jamb Usher (1720–1771), schoolmaster; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; embraced Romansim; failed as a farmer, and as a linen draper in Dublin; kept a school for Roman Catholic youth aqt Kensington, 1767-72; published philosophical essays, 1764-71.

[67] Richard Usher (1785–1843), clown; son of a j nttvaai.:.-..:..,.. i riviii &fti

[68] Adam of Usk (fl.–1400). See Adam.

[69] Thomas Usk (d. 1188), author of The Testament of Love, formerly ascribed to Chaucer; native of London; private secretary to John de Northampton q. v. U, the Wycliffite lord mayor of London. 1381-3; prisoner in Newgate, 1384; procured his pardon by turning informer against his patron; under-sheriff of London, by Richard II's mandate, October 1387; proceeded against by the Merciless parliament, February 1388: executed. The Testament of Love* is an allegorical prose work, written by Usk in prison to enlist sympathy printed as Chaucer's, 1681; the Chaucerian attribution disproved, 1866).

[70] Ambrose Ussher (1581?–1619), scholar; M.A. and fellow of Trinity College. Dublin, 1601; his manuscript compilations, biblical. Hebrew, Arabic, and mathematical, in Trinity College Library.

[71] Henry Ussher (1560?–1613), archbishop of Armagh: native of Dublin: educated at Cambridge (B.A., 1570), Paris, and Oxford (M.A., 1671); treasurer of Christ Church, Dublin, 1673; archdeacon of Dublin. 1580: sent to London to oppose a proposed university in Dublin, 1684: sent to London to solicit the foundation of Trinity College, Dublin, 1691: obtained the charter, 1691; archbishop of Armagh, 1596-1613.

[72] Henry Ussher (d. 1790), astronomer: fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1764; D.D., 1779; professor of astronomy. 1783: F.1LS M 1786; started Dunsink observatory, Dublin; published astronomical papers.

[73] James Ussher (1581–1656), archbishop of Armagh: sou of a Dublin lawyer: scholar of Trinity College, Dublin, 1694, at its foundation: fellow. 1599-1605; M.A., 1601: lay preacher at Christ Church, Dublin: sent to England to buy books for Trinity College Library, 1602; chancellor of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and rector of Finglas, 1606; professor of divinity, Dublin. 1607-11; rector of Assey, 161 1-26: published his first work, De... Ecclesiarum... Successione 1613: D.D., 1614; drafted the Irish convocation articles, 1615; vice-chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, 1617; rector of Trim, 162O: bishop of Meath, 1621; resided in England, studying. 1613-6; archbishop of Armagh, 1616: Incorporated D.D. at Oxford, 1626: defended the catholic penaflaws, 16281627: corresponded with Laud, 1618-40; discountenanced Bishop William Bedell's idea of reviving the Irish language in the service, 1629; accepted, at Stratford's command, the Enpli?h Thirty-nine Articles, but rejected the 1604 Anglican canons in favour of now Irish canons, 1634; drafted a scheme of modified episcopacy ac to the puritans (printed without his leave, 1641); with Charles I not to sacrifice Strafford: bishop of Carlisle in eommendam, February 1641 to autumn 1643; voted a pension by parliament, September 1643 (first payment made, December 1647); objected to the Westminster Assembly, 1643; preacher at Lincoln's Inn. 1647; offered a pension by Richelieu, e. 1649; buried in Westminster Abbey; hi* library bought by the state. 1656, and placed in Trinity Collage, Dublin, 1661; hia chronology still the standard adopted in editions ofthe English bible; learned in patristic literature and ancient Irish history; collected works published, 1847-64.

[74] Robert Ussher (1592–1642), Irish bishop; son of Henry Dasher (1550?-1643); fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1611; B.D., 1611; elected provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1617, buiekotkm annulled: rector of Lurgan, 1619; provost of Trinity 1630-4; bishop of Kildare, 1635-42.

[75] Sir Thomas Ussher (1779–1848), rear-admiral; -her ((. 1790): entered uiivy, 17M: lieutenant, 17H7: commander. IHoG; captain, 1m is; el Napoleon from Frejus to Elba, 1814; knighted, 1831; rear-admiral, 1846.

[76] John Utenhove (d. 1565), reformer; native of Ghent; left Flanders for religion's sake, 1544; resident in England, 1548-63, co-operating with John Laski in organising churches for protestant refugees; planted a colony of Flemish weavers at Glastonhury; again in England, 1558; first elder of the Dutch church, London; published a Latin narrative of his church, some psalms in verse, and other writings.

[77] Uther Pendragon, father of King Arthur; hero of romance, according to which he was brother of Aurelius Ambrosianus, who claimed descent from Constantine the Tyrant, and headed a war against the Saxons.

[78] Utred (1315?–1396).

[79] Edward Vernon Utterson (1776?–1856), literary antiquary; educated at Eton; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1801; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1802: one of the six clerks in chancery, 1815-42; edited reprints of scarce English books, 1812-39; issued similar reprints from his private Beldoruie press Ryde, 1840-3.

[80] John Uvedale or Woodhall (d. 1549?), contractor and official; carrier for the royal household, 1488; commissariat officer at Flodden, 1513; clerk of the pells, 1516; speculated in crown leases of mines; secretary to Henry Fitzroy, duke of Richmond, 1525-8; secretary to Anne Boleyn, 1533-5; secretary to the council in the north, 1536-9, 1545; treasurer of the garrisons in the north, 1542 till death.

[81] Richard Uvedale or Uvedall (d. 1556), conspirator; governor of Yarmouth Castle, Isle of Wight: a protestant; privy to Sir Henry Dudley's anti-Spanish plot, January 1555; sent to the Tower of London, March 1556; turned informer; exectuted.

[82] Robert Uvedale (1642-1722) schoolmaster and horticulturist: educated at Westminster School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1664; M.A., 1666,; LL.D., 1682; master of the grammar school and proprietor of a boarding school at Enfield, 1664; non-resident rector of Orpington, 1()U6; cultivated exotic plants in hot-houses; his herbarium in the Sloane collection.

[83] Thomas Uvedale (fl. 1712), translator of Philip de Comines's memoirs, 1712.

[84] Uvedale Sm WILLIAM (1455–1524), soldier and ! courtier; of Wickham, Hampshire, and Titsey. Surrey: sheriff of Hampshire, 1480, 1487, and 1493; governor of Porchester, 1483; attainted by Richard III. 1184, but panloned; esquire of the body of Henry VII, c. 1486; K.B., 1489; employed on public service in Wales, 1512; a commissioner of musters for Hampshire, 1522.

[85] Sir William Uvedale (d. 1542), of More Crichel : : comptroller of Poole port, 1515; customer of wools, London, 1622-35; knighted, 1533.

[86] David Uwins (1780 P-1837), medical writer; studied in London hospitals: M.D. Edinburgh, 1803: practised at Aylesbury; physician to various London dispensaries, and, 1828, to Peckham lunatic asylum: i became a homowpathist; works include aTreatise OH i Nervous and Mental Disorders 1830.

[87] Thomas Uwins (1782–1857), painter in oil and water colours; nrt student in London; apprenticed to an engraver, 1797; professional miniature portrwit painter from 1798: exhibited at tho 1 loyal Academy, 1799-1808, and from 1830; illustrated books from 1808; visited France to paint vintage scenes, 1817, and Scotland i to illustrate Sir Walter Scott's works, 1820-2, and Italy, I 1824-31; R.A., 1838; keeper of the National Gallery, j 1847-55.

[88] Earls Uxbridge op. See PAGET, Henry, first Earl d. 1743 ; PAGET, HEXRY, second EARL, 1719–1769 ; i PAGET, HERY WILLIAM, first MARQUIS OF ANGLESEY, 1768-1854. V

[89] Vacarius (1115?-1200?), civilian; probably of Bologna; called to England, c. 1143, in the interest of Archbishop Theobald; lectured on Justinian at Oxford, 1149; abridged Justinian, as a text-book for Oxford students; silenced by King Stephen, c. 1152; long in the service of Roger of Pont 1'Eveque; bendary of Southwell, 1167. -, Iviii.

[90] Charles Vacher (1818–1883), painter in water*olonrg; art student in London: travelled in Italy, France, Germany, Algeria, Egypt: exhibited in London, 1838-81.

[91] Aymer De Valence (d. 1260).

[92] Aymer De Valence , EARL OF PEMBROKE (d. 1324).

[93] William De Valence , titular EARL OF PEMBROKE (d. 1296).

[94] Benjamin Valentine (d. 1652?), parliamentarian; M.P., St. Germans, 1629; joined in forcing Speaker Finch to allow Sir John Eliot to read his rcaolutiona against Charles I, 2 March 1629; imprisoned, 1629-80; condemned and fined, February 1630; prisoner, with considerable liberty, in the Gatehouse, London, 1630, but rigorously confined, 1680-40; M.P., St. (ferinuns, in the Long parliament; voted compensation by parliament before 1648.

[95] Charles Vallangzy (1721–1812), antiquary; jn of a French protestant: officer of engineers; engineer in ordinary in Ireland, 1762; general, 1863; F.R.S., 1784; ignorant of Irish; published worthless tracts on Irish philology and history, 1772-1802.

[96] William Vallans (fl. 1578–1590), poet ; a Hert! fordshire salter; published, in unrhymed hexameters,A j Talc of Two Swamies descriptive of places in Hertford! shire, 1590.

[97] Valognes or VALONIIS, PHILIP ni: (d. 1215) r baron of Panmure; grandson of one of William the Conqueror's officers; migrated to Scotland lefore 11C5: an intimate friend of William the Lion, nnd hostage for him, 1174 and 1209: granted Panmnre and Beuvie; high clmmberlain of Scotland, 1180-1215.

[98] Abraham John Valpy (1787–1854), editor nn.l printer; second son of Richard Valpy; educated at Reading grammar school and Pembroke Col lec. Oxford (M.A. and fellow, 1811); published excerpts from Cicero, 1804, and Latin verses, 1809; publisher and purteditor of numerous classical texts and journals, London, 1807-37; reprinted the Delphin classics, 1819-30.

[99] Edward Valpy (1764–1832). classical scholar; B.D. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1S10: assistant-master at Reading; high master of Norwich school, 181(1: IHMICficed in Norfolk, 1819-32; edited an annotated Giwk testament and school books.

[100] Francis Edward Jackson Valpy (1797 i 1882), schoolmaster: sou of Richard Valpy; educated at Reading school: M.A. Trinity Collect Cambridge, 1824; head-master of Heading school, IH:;D, l.nrproved a failure; master of Bnrton-on-Trent school: rector of Garveston, 1854; published classical schoolbook?.

[101] Richard Valpy (1754–1836), schoolmaster : native of Jersey; educated partly in Normandy nnd partly at ( iuildford school: published verse, 1772; scholar t IVmbroke College, Oxford, 1773; B.A., 1776; D.D., 1792; 1331

[102] Dyck Van assistant-master at iv~fui lieu 1-master n-l.-ut n-ctor of S and other school-book

[103] Vanaken. See Van Haecken

[104] Vanbrugh ('HA1M.KS i r. 1744), son of Vanbrngh: educated at Lausanne; ensijoi in the n L'u-ipU. 1739: mortally wounded nt Fontenoy. Don Quixote, 1 1738; pain: Iviii. 100)

[105] Vanderbank or VANDREBANC, PKTRH (U41 697 X engraver, chiefly of portraits; born in Paris; came to England, 1674. UiiL iw) 7** DZ * D 00 **

[106] DOETl. ABRAHAM (rf. Jf40X

[107] Sir John Vanbrugh or Vanburgh , 17-Jt,, dramatist, architect, and herald: sou of a London tradesman; of Flemish descent; studied in France, 16K31685, forming archiUftur.il tastes; entered the army, 1686: prisoner in Franco, 1690-2, Utterly in the Bastille: captain, 1696; comptroller of the board of works, 170J-1J, and again, 1716: brought outThe Relapse,* 1696, with immense success,.Shop,* 1697 (adapted from the French of Edmond BoureaultX JThe Provok'd Wife, 1 1697; severely censured in Jeremy Collier's Short View,* 1698, and issued the same year a feeble -Vindication brought out, 1700, a prose version of Beaumont and Fletcher's Pilgrim and The False Friend,* 1702 (adapted from Le Sage); also Squire Trelooby,* 1704 (adapted, jointly with Congreve and Walsh, from Molierc): brought out The Country House 1705 (adapted from the French of Carton DancourtX The Confederacy one of the most licentious pieces of the comic drama after the Restoration, 1705 (also from DancourtX andThe Mistake 1705 (adapted, jointly with Bctterton, from Moliere): his 'Journey to London completed by Colley Gibber and brought out, 1728; manager of Hay market Theatre, London, 1705-7; designed Castle Howard, 1701 (completed, 1714), his own Haymarket Theatre, London, 1706, and Blenheim Palace, Woalstock, 1705 (completed by Sarah, duchess of Mnrlhorough, from Vanbrugh's designs, but without his help. 1724):restored Kimboiton Oastte, 1707, and designed the Clarendon Building, Broad Street, Oxfonl, 1711, jointly with Nicholas Hawksmoor; worked on country seats in a ponderous style of architecture:Carlisle* herald, to qualify for office, 1703, Clarenceux king-at-arms, 1704-20; knighted, 1714; acted as Garter, 1715-18, the claim of John Anstts the younger being allowed in 1718; disliked in the College of Arms, owing to his ridicule of its formalities. His correspondence is partly published (inGentleman's Magazine 1736-9, and Athennum 1890). His collected dramatic works appeared, 1730.

[108] Alfred Glenville Vance (1838?–1888), actor and pan tomi mist;the great Vance real name AI.KKKD PKCK STKVKXS: originally a solicitor clerk in London; acted in the north of England: made his mark in London music-halls; died while performing at Sun Music Hall, Knightsbridge.

[109] Ceulen Van , CORNELIUS JAXSSBN (1593 16C4V).

[110] Charles Vancouver (*. 1785–181SX agriculturist; an American; published a compendium of science, 1785; invited English settlers to Kentucky, 1788; reported on English farming for the board of agriculture (Cambridgeshire, 1794: Essex, 1795); described the drainage of the fens, 1794 (published, 18ol); returned to Kentucky, r. 1798; again in England, 1806; reported on Devonshire, 1808, and Hampshire, 1813.

[111] George Vancouver (1758–1798 explorer ; sailed on James Cook's (1728-1779) second voyage, 1772, as seaman; seaman (afterwards midshipman) on CookV third voyage; returnal, 1780; served a lieutenant in the West Indies, 1781-3, 1786-9; commander, 1790: captain.. 1794; sailed on a voyage, of discovery round the Cape of painter; came to England, r. 1673. Good Hope, 1791; surveyed the south- west of Australia and of New Zealand; surveyed tle Pacific coast of North America, sailing roundVancouver* island, 1798-4; returned by Cape Horn, 1795; hisVoyage* published posthumously, 1798.

[112] Vandeleur Sm JOHN ORMSBY (1768–1849), general; infantry officer, 1781-92: exchanged into the d nurns, 1792: served in Flander*. 1794-5, and at the Cape of Good Hope, 1796; lieutenant-colonel, 179K; served with distinction in India, 1803-5; major-gvneral, lull; (n the Peninsular war commanded an infantry brigade, 1811, au. infantry division, 1812-13, a cavalry brigade, ..,.,,.. 18M; married Thoouu Swiobooroe, an actor, 16.

[113] Vano nrHOFT. JOHN II. (17*M861X actor of Dutch decent: born at Balisborj; ednoMsd at Htonvburnt; acted in UM we*t of KngUnd, lw-ia. at Um. -SW, in London. l*auV Vciohr Bffl.r,:.. -: ifj tad.:.:- 5t?l.. Md In the country, 18W-68.

[114] George Vandeput (d. 1900), dmlral : mate son of Sir George Vandeput. barooet (A T&). Utfn*ot; 17; in command of shipa, 1764W; n*radmiral, 1793; admiral, 1799: died at Ma. 1*11. 99

[115] Vandkrbank Jims (1694?- 17J9), portraitpamtar; son of Peter Vanderbank; born In KDJT land: illustratedDn native of Holland; in the service of Henry, prince of Wales, 1612: designer of coinage, 16: teper of Charles I's collections, 1618-40; compiled a catalogue of the collections, 1638: committed suicfieT IvttL 101)

[116] Ler Eyden Van , JEREMIAH (rf. 1695), portraitpainter; native of Brussels; assistant to Sir Peter Lely.

[117] Der Ought Van , BENJAMIN (,. 174 painter: son of Gerard Van der Gucht; art-student in Loudon: painted theatrical portrait*; a noted picture-dealer, accidentally drowned.

[118] Der Gucht Van , GERARD (1696–1776), engraver: son of Michael Van der Gucht q. v.); born in London; book-illUBtrator and picture-dealer.

[119] Der Ought Van , JAN ( 1697-1 7S8?X engraver: son of Michael Van der Guebt

[120] Der Ought Van , MICHAEL (1660-1 725 X engraver: born in Antwerp: came to London, 1890; bookillustrator; instructor of George Vertue q. T.)

[121] Jacob Vanderlint (rf. 1740), antho?of MoVwy Answers all Things ( 1734), an economic treatise; a Loodon timber- merchant

[122] Der Myn Van or VAN DER KLTV, HERMAN (1684-1741), portrait-painter; born in Amsterdam; re-idol in London, 1718-36 and 1741. IviiL 103}

[123] Der Vaart Van , JAN (1647–1721), painter and mezzotint-engraver; born in Haarlem; came to London, 1674; a noted painter of landscapes, portraits, and stilllife: one of the earliest mc.zotint-eugravers; from 1713 specialised as a restorer of pictures.

[124] De Velde Van . WILLEM, the elder (T610–1693), marine-painter; born in Leyden; originally a iai'or-hoy came to England, 1676.

[125] De Velde Van , WILLEM, the younger (1633–1707), painter; son of Willem Van de Vekks the dder ; came to England, c. 1676; produced copies in oil of bis father's sketches. IvUi. 103)

[126] Diest Van , ADRIAEN (1666–1704). landscapepainter; ran of Willed Van Dieet, a Dutch martoe

[127] Dyck Van , SIR ANTHONY (ANTHOX18, ANToon ) (1699–1641), painter and etcher ; a younger mm of an Antwerp silk-mercer; pupil of the pointer JJendrU Van Balen, 1609; opened a studio in Antwerp, 1C16. painting portrait*, and heads for Chrirt and hi* apostles; freeman of St. Luke's Guild. Antwerp, 1619: intimate friend and assistant of Ruben*. 1619-ft); invited to England by Thomas Howard, seooiid earl of Anindd or bis countess, 162O: employed by James I, November 1620- February 1631; travelled in Italy, 1621-5; visited Aix; resided in Antwerp, painting and etching, e. e, 16W: brought to England by Charta I; had In niackfriar*. London, 10,32: knighted, 1632; pensioned, lr-,33- visited Antwerp. U;:: I; paintin? portraits in England, 1635-40; a liUTtinc: forced by Charles I to marry Mary Ruthven, 1640; went to Antwerp, 1640, and to Paris, IG41; ret it me 1 to London, 1611. His method of work was to mako:i first sketch and take notes for the guidance of the a-sNhmts who executed the portrait, after which be added the finishing touches.

[128] Vandyke 1'KTKR (f. 1767), painter; native of Holland; assistant to Sir Joshua Reynolds; exhibited in :!!, 1762-7; settled in Bristol; painted portraits of Coleridge and Sonthey.

[129] Anne Vane (1705–1736), the subject of Dr. Johnson's line, ' Yet Vane could tell what ills from beauty spring: daughter of Gilbert Vane, baron Barnard; maid of honour to Queen Caroline; mistress of Frederick, prince of Wales.

[130] Frances Anne Vane, Viscountess Vane (1713-1783), nicknamed Lady Fanny nee Hawes; married, 1732, Lord William Douglas (rf. 1734); married, 1735, William, second viscount Vane; became infamous for gambling and profligacy; contributed chapter eighty-one to Smollett'sPeregrine Pickle a confirmed invalid from 1768.

[131] Sir Henry Vane, the elder (1589–1655), secretary of state; originally styled Henry Fane, of Hadlow; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1604; entered at Gray's Inn, 16i6: knighted, 1611; purchased carver's place at i-ourt, 1612, share in tho subpoena office in chancery, 1613, and cofferership to Prince Charles, 1617; cofferer, 1625, comptroller, 1629, and treasurer, 1639-41, of the household; M.P., Lostwithiel, 1614, Carlisle, 1621, 1624-6, and Retfoni, 1628-9; sent to solicit help for the Palatinate to Holland, 1629-30, and to the king of Sweden, 1631, but was unsuccessful; sold Hadlow; accumulated wealth by court practices, and bought lands in Kent and Yorkshire, and Raby and Barnard Castles in Durham; privy councillor, 1630; constantly employed on administrative commissions, 1630-40: opposed the war with Scotland, 1639; personally aggrieved by Stratford, 1640; secretary of state, by the Marquis of Hamilton's influence, 1640-1: M.P., Wilton, and spokesman for Charles I in the Short parliament, May 1640-; employed in negotiations with the Scots, 1640; M.P., Wilton, in the Long parliament, 16401653; approved of the impeachment of Strafford; gave evidence, March 1641, implying that in May 1640 Strafford had advised Charles I to bring the Irish army into England; a commissioner of the treasury, 1641: accompanied Charles I to Scotland, August 1641; dismissed from all his places, November 1641; joined the parliamentary leaders; parliamentary lord-lieutenant of Durham, but powerless there, 1642; served on the committee of both kingdoms from 1644: compensated by parliament for damage to his Durham estates by the royal troops; M.P., Kent, 1654.

[132] Sir Henty Vane, the younger (1613–1662), statesman; eldest son of Sir Henry Vane the elder: educated at Westminster School, at Oxford, 1629, and abroad: adopted decided puritan views, 1628; attached to the embassy at Vienna, 1631; returned to England, 1632; resolved to go to New England for freedom of conscience; resided in Boston, 1633-7; governor of Massachusetts, 1036-7; entangled in the doctrinal controversies of the colonists: returned to England, 1637; treasurer of the navy, 1639-41; M.P., Hull, in the Short parliament, April 1640; knighted, 1640; married, and received Raby Castle from his father, July 1640; showed Pym his father's memorandum of Stafford's advice (5 May 1640) to Charles I, September 1640; M.P., Hull, in the Long parliament, November 1640; Stratford's fate sealed by his copy of the memorandum, April 1641: advocated; abolition of episcopacy, May 1641; dismissed by Charles I ! from hi* treaarer*htp of the navy, December 1641; a leader of the war party in parliament; parliamentary I treasurer of the navy, 1642-50: conducted negotiations with Scots at Edinburgh, 1643; virtual leader of the j Hooae of Commons, 1643-6; rejected Charles I's overtare* to dissociate him from the parliament, 1644: a commissioner at the treaty of Uxbridge, 1645; urged the reorganisation of the army; offended the presbyterians by insisting on toleration; rejected fresh overtures by Charles I, 1646: a commissioner to treat with the army j leader* at Wyoombe, 1647; distrusted both by the presby terians and the levellers: a commissioner to treat with Charles I at Newjwrt, 1C 18; took no part in Charles 1's rrial; member of the parliamentary council of stata, 1649; a leading man in all affairs of the Commonwealth, home, colonial, military, and naval, 1649-53; a d friend of Cromwell, 1650-3: sent to Scotland to settle Scottish affairs, 1G51; came into collision with Cromwell, from wishing to perpetuate the Long parliament, 1653; retired to Belleau, 1653; imprisoned for a pamphlet against Cromwell's arbitrary government, 1656; M.P., Whitchurch, in Richard Cromwell's parliament, February 1659; effected the abolition of the protectorate: in the restored Long parliament was commissioner of the navy and virtual foreign minister, May 1659; laboured to reconcile the army and the parliament; became distrusted by all parties; expelled from the Long parliament, January 1660; put in custody, February; partially excluded from indemnity by theConvention 1 parliament, June 1660; prisoner in the Tower of London, anil in the Scilly islands; his death demanded by the Cavalier parliament, July 1661; condemned and executed on Tower Hill; a religious enthusiast; published several treatises of mystical divinity; published also speeches,

[133] Sir Ralph Vane (d. 1552). See Fane.

[134] Thomas Vane (fl. 1652), Romanist convert ; D.D. Christ's College, Cambridge; rector of Orayford; embraced Romanism; settled in Paris as a physician; published Romanist tracts, 1646-52.

[135] William Harry Vane , first DUKE OP CLEVELand of the second creation and third EARL OF DARLINGTon (1766–1842); styled Viscount Barnard; of Christ Church, Oxford; M.P., Totnes, 1788-90, Wiuchelsea, 1790-1792; a whig; succeedel as Earl of Darlington, 1792; created marquis, 1827, and duke, 1833, of Cleveland; foxhunter and patrou of the turf.

[136] Charles William Vane-Stewart, third Marquis of Londonderry (1778–1854).

[137] Joseph Van Haecken (1699?-1749), painter; born in Antwerp; came to England, c. 1719; practised as portrait-pa'uter; assistant to various portrait-painters.

[138] Esther Vanhomrigh (1690-1723), Vanessa; friend of Dean Swift; of Dutch descent; the intimacy between her and Swift recorded in Swift's poem Cadenus and Vanessa (written in 1713, published in 1726, after Vanessa's death, by her executors); conceived a hopeless passion for Swift; wrote a letter to Stella, see JOHNSON ESTHKR, or, according to another account, to Swift himself, asking if he was married to Stella, 1723; died of shock occasioned by Swift's anger at her action.

[139] Jacob Van Huysum, (James) (1687?–1746), flower-painter; born in Amsterdam; came to England, c. 1721.

[140] Philip Michael Scott Vankoughnet (1822-1869), Canadian statesman: born at Cornwall, Ontario; served in the militia, 1837; barrister, 1813; minister of agriculture, 1856; chief commissioner of crown lands, 1858; chancellor of Upper Canada, 1862-9.

[141] Henri Van Laun, (1820–1896), author; born in Holland; educated in France: settled in England, 1848; teacher of French; examiner in French for various government departments; published a French grammar, 1863, a History of French Literature 1876, and a history of the French revolution, LS78; translated Taine's English Literature 1871, Moliere, 1875, La Bruy6re, 1885, I and Gil Bias 1886.

[142] Remigius Van Leemput (1609?–1675), painter; often called M. Remy: born in- Antwerp: came to England before 1640; copied portraits by Lely and Van Dyck.

[143] Balthasar Van Lemens (1637–1704), painter; born in Antwerp; made sketches for London engravers.

[144] William Van Mildert (1765–1836), the last bishop of Durham with palatine dignity; of Dutch extraction; sou of a London distiller; at Merchant Taylor. School, 1779-84: B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1787; M.A., 1790; rector of Rrudden, 1795, and of St. Mary-le- j Bow, London, 1796-1820; Boyle lecturer, 1802-4; vicar of Farningham, 1807-13; preacher at Lincoln's luu, 1812-19; Bampton lecturer, 1.K13; D.D., IK13; professor oi -i,: I, 1M3-19; bishop of LUn d.itr, IMH M; dean..t 8t iMul's, London, 182O-6; bUImp of Durham, l.v.v. If;,,.,,-1: fou ity, isa-j; p.iMi-1,1 sermons, charged, and tbeologicml tracts.

[145] Petk Vannes ll (-. 1663), diplomatist : born In ..-.-;:.., to Andrea Ammonlo q. v 1 1 1 secretary. 1513; seoretary to Wobey. 1614; Latin ftecretary u. Henry VIII und Edward VI; incorporated B.D. Can: visited Rome. 1526; accompanied Wolsey to France. 1527; resident in Rome, vainly soil. .it! ML- n,-nry VI I iv divorce, 1629: bdd various prebend* from 1629; envoy to Rome, 1633: archdeacon of Worcester, 1534: dean of Salisbury, 164O-7 and 1563-63; rector of Trading-Urn, 1542; EnglUh ambassador at Venice, 1650-6. MIL 134)

[146] John Van Nost (*. 1780), sculptor; of Dublin.

[147] Andrew Van Rymsdyk (d. 1790), engraver; son of Jan Van Rymsdyk

[148] Jan Van Rymsdyk (.*. 1767–1778), painter and engraver; native of Holland; j" r; beg?.n iit-engraving, 1767; settled at Bristol.

[149] Sir Patrick Vans , LOBOBaBXBAXBOCRfrf. 1517), Scottish judge; rector of Wigton; inherited BUnbumoh, Wigtownshire, 1668; lord of session as Lord Barnbarroch, 1576; privy councillor, 1587; an.ba-wa.lor to Denmark, 1687: accompanied James VI to Denmark, 1689; possibly the Sir Patrick Speiu of the old ballad.

[150] George Henry Vansittart (1768–1824), general; studied nt Strasbourg and Brunswick; lieiiteuant, 1787; captain, 1790; lieutenant-colonel, 1794; served at Toulon, 1793, at the Cape, 1795, and in the West Indies, 1803; major-general, 1803; general, 1821.

[151] Henry Vansittabt 0732–1770), governor of Bengal; of Dutch extraction; younger sou of a London merchant; a profligate youth; writer in the Kast India Company's service at Fort St. David.-*, 174G; made friendship there with Clive; visited England, 1761; Kent to negotiate with the French Bast India Company, 1764-5; member of the council, 1757; took part in the defence of Madras, 1759; temporary governor of Fort St. George, 1769-60; his governorship of Bengal (1 760-4 ) marked by i the deposition of Mir Jafar, snbadar of Bengal, and the appointment of Mir Kasim, 1760, by friction with tinmilitary officers of the company, 1761, by vain efforts to j check the corruption of the company's administration, and by war with Mir Jafar, 1763; returned to England, 1764; coldly received by the company and by Chvi-; ptiblished aNarrativeof hi** governorship, 1766; M.P., Heading, 1768; director of the East India Company, 1769; touched at the Cape, 1769, when on his way to India to report on the administration of Bengal; his ship never heard of afterwards.

[152] Henry Vansittabt (1777–1843), vice-admiral; put on ship's book*, 1788; on service almost uninterruptedly, 1791-1814; lieutenant, 1796; captain, 1801; rear-admiral, 1830; vice-admiral, 1841.

[153] Nicholas Vansittabt , flnt BARON BEXLEY (1766-1861 X Chancellor of the exchequer: a younger son of Henry Vansittart (1732-1770); M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1791; hon. D.C.L., 1814; barrister, Lincoln Inn, 1791; wrote iamphlcts in favour of Pitt's administration, 1793-6; M.P., 1796-1823. latterly for Harwich; supported Addiuton's administration: envoy to Denmark, 1801; secretary of the treasury, 1801-4 ami 1806-7; chief secretary for Ireland, 1805; chancellor of the exchequer, 1812-28; urged the union of tinand Irish exchequers, 1817; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1823-8; created Baron Bexlcy, 1823, and pensioned.

[154] Vans irrART, ROBERT (1728–1789), jurist ; educated at Winchester School; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; D.C.L., 1767; barrister, Inner Temple, 1753; recorder of Maidenhead, 1763, of Windsor, 1770; regius professor of civil law, Oxford, 1767-89; F.S.A., 1767.

[155] Van 80MEB, PAT I. (1176-1W1X born in Antwerp; liad a studio at Amsterdam, 16O4; mm:- mjml M rj r, h MM* p.- ol Jarne* !* court.

[156] Bomxr Van , PAUL (. 164X mrtxoUnf engraver : came from Amsterdam to London, 1674.

[157] Van 80V, m (PRANCISX erroneooriy of an Antwerp flower-painter i xjndon.

[158] Charles Thomas Van Straubenzee (1812-IH92) general; of Dutch extraction MHi (B, IW:. Joe IMS i 1829-33, and in India, 1833-7 and 1841-4; colonel, 1851; In command at the Ptrwe ; bora .. .pmeral. May 1851; commanded 1H56-6; command British In the in sass Chinese war, 1887-60; K.C.B., 1868; major-general, 18M; held command in India. 1MJ-5; governor of Malta. 1872-8; general, 1875; retired, 1881.

[159] Voeb Van 8T, ROBERT (1596–163X native of Holland; pupil of CriRpin dr ~ to England, 1628; engraved portrait*, partly after Van Dyck.

[160] John Vardy (.1. 17C5), architect ; clerk of work* in London at the Horn-;...ml s 1761, and at Kcnsington Palace and Chelsea Hospital.

[161] Cornelius Varley (1781–1873). water-colour painter and Inventor; sketched early in life: maker of philosophical instruments; invented improvements in lens-making; wait bock to art, 1800; exhibited at tluRoyal Academy, 1803 and 1821-69; exhibited at tinWater-colour Society, 1806-21; ex primented in electricity.

[162] Cromwell Fleetwood Varley (1888–1883). electrical engineer; son of Cornelius Varley; employe of the International Telegraph Componj, 1M is.;s; intro-luoal improvement* in telegraphic apparatus isol 70; consulted as expert about laying the eoond Atlantic cable, c. 1860; F.K.S., 1871; published papera on electricity and telegraphy.

[163] John Varley (1778–1842), landscape-palntcr ; worked for portrait-pointers 1792; sketched on th* Thames and about London; became an art-teacher in London, latterly very Rnooeatfiil, and boarding pupils; sketched in Wales and the north and west of Knglaud, 1798-1803; exhihiu-d at the Royal Academy. 1 7t8-1803, and at the Water-colour Society, 1806-42; published treatises on art, 1815-18; a clow friend of Wil limn Blake. 1819-27: believed in astrology; in constant difficulties through generosity to others.

[164] William Flebtwood Varley (1785–1866), artist: exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1804-18; art teacher.

[165] Charles Varlo or Varley (17?-179H agriculturist; native of Yorkshire; visited Ireland. 1746, and introduced flax-growing: fanned land in Lritrim, 1748; mobbed in Dublin. 1760, for exportincr Irish cattle*: invented a witmowing-inachino, 1772; being hoaxed by forged deeds went to America, 1784, to claim th governorship of New Jersey: retarned, c. 178; published treatises on agriculUirc, 1770-96. Mil. 153)

[166] Vajbctj 8, JOHN (1490?-1638?).

[167] Jamkj Vashon 3 (1742-18*7). admiral; erT*.l continuously in the navy, 1765-1808; lieutenant, 1774. commander, 1779; rear-admiral, 18O4; admiral, 1814.

[168] John Vassall (.. 1625), colonial pfouo testant refujree from Nornuindy: apparently a dripmaster in 1677; commanded a ship against the Annad* 1688; member of the London Virginia Company, 16U9.

[169] Vas 8ALL, SAMUEL (1686–1667), parliamentariaa . a younger son of John Vanall fq. v.: nvsrohu London, tnvlimj with America, Guinea, *c.: an orUinal member of the MaMchusetUi Company, 1638; refused to pay Charles I* demand of tonnage and M 162Tand 1630; imprisoned his goods retained; M.P n and of tonnage and Mandate. ed on that account, !n London, in the Short and fee Long parliaments, 1640; solicited parliament for com i rosi-tintf tonnairc and iwiimd:i-t, .tdvaneol money to puy tin- parliament troops ,n Ireland, It-JC. mid had difficulty in obtaining repay ment, it; 17; visited Carolina, 1663; probably died abroad.

[170] Spencer Thomas Vassaw (1764 - 1807), Collier:.hraltar. 17M". and in Klander: ; t-colone!, IHol; served at the Oape, 1806; tnorfcilly wounded at Monte Video.

[171] Vas 8ALL. WILLIAM (1592–1655), colonist : n younger sou of John Vassall fa. v.: visited Massachusett*. 1630; settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1635-46; resided iu Barbados, 1650-5.

[172] Vaughan r.KNJAMLN (1751–1835), politician; educated at nonconformist seminaries, Cambridge, and Edinburgh; Unitarian: merchant in London; supporter of Lord Shi-lburne: sympathised with the American insurgents, the Irish conspirators, and the French revolutionists: visited Paris, 1790; M.P., Calne, 1792; fled to avoid persecution for treason to France, 1794; imprisoned by the Carmelites, but, owing to the goodwill of Robespierre, only for a short time; advised Robespierre to surround France with a fringe of free and allied states, 1794; emigrated to America, 1798: published political tracts, 1789-96.

[173] Charles John Vaughan (1816–1897), dean of Llandaff; of Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge; senior classic, 1838; fellow, 1839; M.A., 1841; D.D., 1845; vicar of St. Martin's, Leicester, 1841-4; head-master of Harrow, 1844-59; vicar of Doncaster, 1860-9; for love of the church privately trained ordination candidates in ministerial work, 1861-97; master of the Temple, 18691894; dean of Llandaff, 1879-97; published scripture commentaries and devotional works, 1859-90.

[174] Sir Charles Richard Vaughan (1774–1849), diplomatist; of Rugby and Merton College, Oxford; M.A., 1798; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1798; M.B., 1800; travelled on the continent, 1801-3, in Western and Central Asia, 1804-6, in Spain, 1808; secretary of embassy in Spain, 1810-19, in Paris, 1820-2; ambassador to Switzerland, 1823-4, to the United States, 1825-35; knighted, 1833; afterwards travelled on the continent

[175] Edward Vaughan (d. 1522), bishop of St. David's; LL.D. Cambridge; vicar of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, 1487; vicar of Islington; prebendary, 1493-1509, and treasurer, 1503-9, of St Paul's, London; bishop, by papal provision, of St. David's, 1509; built much at St. David's.

[176] Sir Griffith Vaughan or Vychan (d. 1447), soldier; son of Griffith ap leuan. who rebelled with Glendower(1403); styled Sir Griffith Vatighan i.e. the * younger 1406; inherited lands in Montgomeryshire; fought at Agincourt, 1415; captured Sir John Oldcastle In Montgomeryshire, 1417; outlawed and beheaded.

[177] Sir Henry Vaughan , the elder (1587?–1659?), royalist; acquired Derwydd, Carmarthenshire, by marriage; M.P., Carmarthen, 1621-9, and Carmarthenshire, in the Short parliament, 1640, and in the Long parliament, November 1640, till expelled, February 1644; knighted, 1643; royalist major-general in Pembrokeshire, 643, but driven out by Rowland Laugharne 1644; fined as a delinquent, 1644 and 1645; taken prisoner at Naseby, 1645; in prison in London, 1645-. 1659.

[178] Sir Henry Vaughan, the younger, royalist; son of Sir Henry Vaughan the elder q. v.l: taken prisoner at Tenby, 1648; knighted, 1661; M.P., Carmarthenshire, 1668-76.

[179] Henry Vaughan, 'Silurist' (1622–1695), poet; entered Jesus College, Oxford, 1638; studied law in lxndon; medical practitioner iu Brecknock, 1645, and in Newton-by-Usk, 165O-95; published Poems 1646, Silex Scintillana(sacred poems), first part, 1650, Moond part, containing the magnificent They are all gone into the world of light 1656, Olor Iscanns Pn and prose translations, 1651, The Mount Olives 1652, and Flores Solitudinis 1654, the last two being English versions of Latin devotional tracts, Horinetical I'hysiek (from the Latin), 1G55; Thalia Rediviva (poem), l(i7H; Wordsworth's Ode on the Intimations of immortality suggested by his Retreat: his collected works published, 1871. He was culled Silurist from the fact that the county of his birth, Brecknockshire, was anciently inhabited by the Silures.

[180] Henry Vaughan (1766–1844), physician. See Henry Halford.

[181] Henry Vaughan (1809–1899), collector of works of art, and especially the pictures of Turner, Stothard, Flaxman, and Constable; F.S.A., 1879; one of founders of Burlington Fine Arts Club. By his will his collections were distributed among various public institutions.

[182] Henry Halford Vaughan (1811–1885), historian; son of Sir John Vaughan (1769-1839); of Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford; fellow of Oriel, 18351812; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1840; regius professor of modern history, Oxford, 1848-58; published historical lectures, notes on Shakespeare, and versions of Welsh proverbs.

[183] John Vaughan, first Earl of Carbery (1572?-1634), of Jesus College, Oxford; entered the Middle Temple, 1596; inherited Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire, 1598; served in Ireland, 1599; M.P., Carmarthenshire, 1601 and 1620-2: comptroller of the household to Prince Charles; accompanied Charles to Madrid, 1623; created, in the Irish peerage, Baron Vaughan, 1621, and Earl of Carbery, 1628.

[184] Sir John Vaughan (1603–1674), judge ; of Christ Church, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1630: friend of John Selden: M.P., Cardigan, 1628, April 1640, and in the Long parliament, 1640 till expelled, 1645; consulted by Charles I at Newport, 1648; imprisoned; M.P., Cardiganshire, 1661 -8; a leader of the country party: active 1 in the impeachment of Clarendon, 1667; knighted, 1668; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1668.

[185] John Vaughan , third and last EARL OF CARBERY (1640–1713), second son of Richard Vaughan, second earl of Carberg; of Christ Church, Oxford: entered the Inner Temple, 1658; knighted, 1661; M.P., Carmarthen, 1661-79, Carmarthenshire, 1679-81 and 1685-7: styled, by courtesy, Lord Vaughan from 1667; governor of Jamaica, 1674-8; succeeded as earl, 1686.

[186] Sir Johx Vaughan (1748?–1795), lieutenantgeneral; captain of dragoons, 1765; served in Germany; major, 1759; served in America as lieutenant-colonel, 1760-7, and as major-general, 1776-9; M,P., Berwick, 1774-95; M.P. in the Irish parliament, 1776-83; governor of Berwick, 1779-95; served in the West Indies, 1780-2: accused of peculation at the taking of St. Kustatius; lieutenant-general, 1782; K.B., 1792; commander of the Leeward islands; died at Martinique.

[187] Sir John Vaughan (1769–1839), judge; 0* Rugby and Queen's College, Oxford; hon. D.C.L., isi:;.barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1791; recorder of Leicester, 1798: serjeant-at-law, 1799; king's Serjeant, 1816; baron of the exchequer, 1827-34; knighted, 1828; justice of the common pleas, 1834-9.

[188] Rice Vaughan (. 1638–1672), legal writer : entered Gray's Inn, 1638; author of Plea for tho Common Laws 1651,Practica WalliR? a guide to the Welsl courts, 1672, and a posthumous Discourse of Coin 1675.

[189] Richard Vaughan (1550?–1607), bishop of London; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1577; D.D., 1689: chaplain to his relative, John Aylmer, bishop of London, who made him rector of Chipping Ongar, 1578, of Little Canfield, 1580, of Great Dunmow, 1592, Moreton, 1592, and of Stanford Rivers, 1594; prebendary of t. 1'aulV, Ijondon, 1583, of Wells, 1593; archdeacon of Middlesex, 1588; bishop of Bangor, 1595-7; arcln, of Anglesey, 1590; bishop of Chester, 1697-1604; bishop of London, 1604-7.

[190] Richard Vaughan, second Earl of Carbery (1600?-1686), eldest son of John Vaughan, first earl of Carbery: styled Lord Vaughan; travelled, c. 1622: knighted, 1626; M.P., Carmarthenshire. K.iM: succeeded to earldom, 1634; created Baron Vaughan (English peerage), 1643; royalist commander in Pembrokeshire, 164, but dr veil out by Ko-.vUnd fq. v.. liH: tin.-d.-.1,Hi (in-lit. livi-iand h,4.s; pardoned iiy parliament, lii-17: aftrwardc remained neutral; gave :i-luiii to.li-n-nr, Taylor; lord pr.nid.-ut man-lies ir.in;_"; befriended ami.-l IlutliT. the author iifHtidibra-.

[191] Robert Vaughan (lX92-lM7), Welsh antiquary; nn of n.-l c.!l, v. oi,,r.l: publisli.-t linti-h Antiquities hVviv.-d nw; hi* valiuM,- Nli. ..t IViiiurth, Merionethshire,

[192] Vaughan Uoi ! 1H68J, congr. Hvine: pastor at Worcester, 1H10 2: pastor in K. ion, l: 3; professor of history, University College, London. IS34-48: D.D. Glasgow, 1834; president of the Independent College, Manchester, 1*43-57: :ift.Tw:ipN p.i-t..r at Uxbridge and Torquay: editor of tli- -i:rit:-li Mii.u-t.-rl-. 1K4&-65: published historic of tin- Stuart an. I Commonwealth period*, monograph* on Wy.-lifTe, and other work*.

[193] Robert Alfred Vaughan (1823-1857), congregational divine;.-Mr-t.-on of ItolXTt Vaogban (1795i. v.: H.A. I.oM.ton, IMJ-J: -indent at the Lanca-liin- Iii'ljM'iid.-nf Coll.-f, Muaclioiter. 1848-8, and at H r.V. l-ii; 7; minUter at Bath. 1848-50, aud Rinnlngliani. lH5d f,; publish.-.! ver*-", 1S44: contributed to the Mrit i-h Quarterlyfrom 1845; publishedHours with tin- Mystics 1856.

[194] Robert William Bede Vaughan (1834–1883), Roman catholic prelate; educated at Downside College, Ifcith. iiiHl at Koine: entered the Benedictine order, 1864; ordain-d pn-t, 1H59; professor at Bclmout, near Hereford, IXf.l, and principal, 1862-73: coadjutor to the archbishop of Sydney, 1873: archbishop of Sydney, 1877; published a life of Aquinas, 187*, and sermons, 1885-88.

[195] Rowland Vaughan (fl. 1620–1658), Welsh author; studied at Oxford; Inherited Caer Gai, Merionethshire, 1629; a royalist captain; his house burnt and his estate forfeited, 1645; imprisoned, 1650; recoverel his estate, 1660; published Welsh versions of devotional books, 1630-1658; wrote Welsh verse.

[196] Stephen Vaughan (d. 1549), diplomatist; a London merchant (governor of the Merchant Adventurers' Company, 1534), frequently visiting Antwerp: in the service of Thomas Cromwell, 1524; molested as a protestant, 1529 and 1532; agent at Antwerp for Henry VIII, 1530-445: employed on a mission to France, 1532, and to Germany, 1533; clerk in chancery, 1534; spy on Queen Catherine at Kimbolton, 1536; an official of the mint, 1537-49: envoy to Milan, 1538, to Flanders 1541; granted church lands, 1544; M.P., Lancaster, 1547.

[197] Sir Thomas Vaughan (. 1483), soldier: a Yorkist partisan; iittainted, 1489: personal servant of Edward IV, 1461; chamberlain to Edward, prince of Wales. i471: knighted, 1475; executed at Pontefract by UK-hard II I.

[198] Thomas Vaughan (1622–1666), alchemist and poet: twin brother of Henry Vaughan, Silurist: of Jesus College, Oxford: B.A. and fellow. 1642; rector of St Bridget's, Brecknockshire. 1640: withdrew to Oxford, 1642: hatl u controversy with Henry More (1614-1687), 1650-1; disciple of Cornelius Agrippa; published alchemical works under the pseudonym Kugenius Philalethes 1650-7; wrote Latin and English verse.

[199] Thomas Vaughan (.ft. 1772–1820), dr. solicitor in VVstininUT: brought out two farces, 1776, lioiiablc Follies a uov.-l, 1782, and a comedy, 17M.

[200] Thomas Vauohan (1781–184J), vocalist; chorister of Norwich: choinnim in tle Churx'l Koyal, London, 1799, at We-tinm-vr.;ind, 1HJ3, St. 1'aulX Loiuiou; leading tenor rololst from 1811.

[201] William Vaughan ( 1577–1641), poet and colonial pioneer; M.A. Jesus CkUege, Oxford, 1597; travelled in l--r:in.-i-:ind Italy: LL.D. Vienna (incorponitetl at rixfoni, i a-iuireil Torcoel by niarrtage; publishedTlie -pi rit of Detraction Ifill, t clear himself of AM iKiuirht an int.-n-st in Nr.vfoundland. Ifil6, and sent ont yrtrl-rs. UU7 1H: vi*it.-l ln.-olonv. 1B22 J publish i }ol.U-n Kh-ccc 1626, (allegory in praise of his colony), and The 5evlaulera Cure 163U, an account of ito The Golden Grove porary manners, 1600,Directions for Health

[202] Sir William Vaughan (d. 1649), royalist; served in Ireland, 1643, in Cheshire. 1644; governor of Shrawardine Castle, 1644: joined Charles I at Newport. 1645; fought at Naseby, 1645; in attendance on Charles I in Wales, autumn of 1645; cavalry commandant in Wales; defeated at Denbigh, Nov. 1645; fell back on Worcester, 1646; joined Lord Astley, 1646; crushed at Stow-on-the-Wold, 1646; escaped to Holland; major-general in Ireland, 1648; killed in battle at Rathmines.

[203] William Vaughan (.. 1719), a Londoner; emigrated to Portsmouth, New England, 1667.

[204] William Vaughan (171?–1780?), Jacobite soldier; a Herefordshire catholic: Joined Prince Charles Edward at Preston, 1746; lieutenant-colonel; Uloden to France, 1746; accompanied Charles to Madrid, 1747; entered the Spanish s major-general, 1777; went to Buenos Ayres. 1778.

[205] William Vaughan (1752-1850), author; a director of the Royal Exchange Corporation, London, 17X3-1829; adv sion, 1791; published pamphlets urging extension of London docks, 1793-7. l7

[206] John Vaus or Vascus (1490?–1588?), Scottish grammarian: native of Aberdeen: studied at Paris: Latin professor, Aberdeen, 1516, till death; published a Latin grammar, 16 W (valuable to the students of early Boots dialect).

[207] Thomas Vautoe (. 1619), musician ; servant of Buekingham'R father; Mus.Bac. Oxford, 1616; ilrfllcatod M.ulrlgab to Buckingham, 1619.

[208] Thomas Vautrolliek (d. 1587?X printer: Huguenot refugee; freeman of the StationersCompany. 1564; owned press in Blackf riar, 1570; fined for printing unlicensed books, 1578-9: left his press in hi-, wife's charge and started bookselling in Edinburgh, 1680: returned to London, but left to avoid prosecution; printed six works (including James VI's poetical Ksayes) at Edinburgh, 1584, and two works in 1586; returned to London; his impression of John Knox'a History of the Reformation suppressed; translated a French tractate onAposta*V1587.

[209] Anne Vaux (.ft. 1608–1636). recusant: third daughter of William Vaux, third baron Vaux; tinder the name of Mrs. Perkins harboured the jenit Henr darnel t; her bouse frequented by the gunpowder plotters at Wands worth, 1604, and at En field, 1606; imprisoned at Hindlip, when Garuett was arrested there, 1606: her school, near Derby, for Homau catholic youth closed by the privy council, 1636.

[210] Edward Vaux , fourth BARON VAUX or HARROWDEN (1591–1662), succeeded to the barony, 1696; lived chiefly on the continent.

[211] Laurence Vaux (1619–1586), Roman catholic divine: B.D. Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 1556; fellow of Manchester collegiate church, and warden, 1668; withdr.-.v with the college vestments and plate to Ireland. 1559; visited England, 1661; withdrew to Louvain before 1664; visited Rome, 1666; brought to England papal decree forbidding attendance at Anglican services, 16M: published hisCatechismat Louvaiu, 1667: became an Augnstinian canon, 157J; cent on the Enirli'h mission, 1580; prisoner in London, 1580-6.

[212] Vaux Bin NICHOLAS, first BARON VAUX of HARROWDEN (. 1523), courtier and soldier; son of Sir William Vaux; page to Margaret, countess of Richmond; restored to hJTestates by Henry VII's first parliament, 1486; fought against Lambert Sirnnel at Stoke, 1487; knighted; enclosed much common-land in Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire, 1490-1609; governor of Guisnes, near Calais, 1602-M; married Anne (ireen, a great territorial beireta, 1607; entertained H.-nry VIII at Harrawden, 1611; served in France, 1513-14: a member of the embassy to France, 1618; prosecuted for enclosing common-laud, 1619; in attendance on Henry VIII in France, 1690; created Baron Vaux , of Harrowden, 153. IviU. 1W}

[213] Thomas Vattx , second BARON VAUX OF HARROWDEN (1510–1556), poet ; son of Sir Nicholas Vaux, first haron Vaux; educated at Cambridge; suco-de-l to Uirony, 1623; attended Wolscy to France, 16U7, and Henry VIII, 1532; resigned captaincy of Jersey, 1536; verses by him appeared posthumously in Tottel's Miscellany 1667, and The Paradyse of daynty deuises 1576.

[214] Vatjx Pin WILLIAM (d. 1471), Lancastrian leader ; of Harrowdt'i), Northamptonshire; attainted and his estates confiscated by Edward IV's first parliament, 1461; killed in battle at Tewkesbury.

[215] William Vaux , third BARON VAUX OF HARROWDEN (1642?–1595), son of Thomas Vaux, second baron Vanz: succeeded to barony, 1566; harboured Edmund Campioc, 1580; imprisoned and fined, 1581.

[216] William Sandys Wright Vatjx (1818–1885), antiquary; entered Westminster School, 1831; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1842; entered British Museum service, 1841, and was keeper of coins and medals, 18611870: catalogued Bodleian coins, 1871-6; published works OD Greek, Egyptian, and Assyrian art and history.

[217] John Vavasour (d. 1506?), judge; serjeant-atlaw, 1478; king's serjeant, 1483; recorder of York, 1486; justice of common pleas, 1490.

[218] George Veal (ft. 1774–1818). See COLLIER,

[219] David Vedder (1790–1854), Scottish poet ; native of Orkney: captain of a whaler, 1812; excise officer, 1880-62; published poems, 1828-42; edited Reynard the Fox 1862.

[220] Veel or VEAL, EDWARD (1632?–1708), nonconformist tutor; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1654: preshyterian minister of Dunboyne. 1655: fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; B.D., 1661; left Ireland, 1662; had a church in Wappiug, 1668, and a school in Stepney; published sermons.

[221] Veale Veel , or VEIL, ROBERT (1648–1674?), poetaster; of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; lived in London; publishedNew Court Songp 1672.

[222] Thomas Veel (1591?–1663), royalist ; governor of Berkeley Castle, 1644; fined for delinquency; fought at Worcester, 1651; took part in the Gloucestershire rising, 1659, and had his estates confiscated; given a post at the Exchange, 1662.

[223] James Veitch , LORD ELIOCK (1712–1793), Scottish judge; Scottish advocate, 1738; visited Germany and began a correspondence with Frederick the Great* 1739; sheriff-depute of Peebles, 1747; M.P., Dumfriesshire, 17551760; a lord of session, 1761.

[224] John Veitch (1829–1894), man of letters : educated at Peebles, Edinburgh University, and Free Church college; influenced by Sir William Hamilton (1788-1856) : assistant to Hamilton when logic professor, Edinburgh, 1866-60: logic professor at St. Andrews, 1860, and at Glasgow, 1864-94; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1872; published memoirs of Dugald Stewart, 1857, and Sir William Hamilton, 1869; poems, 1875-89; philosophical works, 1885-96, including Dualism and Monism 1895, and critiques of Scottish border poetry, 1887-93.

[225] William Veitch (1640–1722), covenanter; M.A. Glasgow, 1659; licensed to preach, 1664; outlawed, 1667; lived in England as * Mr. Johnson latterly as pastor in Northumberland (1671-9): prisoner on the Bass, 1679; aided the Earl of Argyll's escape, 1681: fled to Holland, 1683; tried to raise Northumberland against James II, 1685; pastor at Beverley: subsequently held charges in Scotland; published sermons and controversial tracts.

[226] William Vzitch (1794–1888), classical scholar: rducated at Jedburgh and Edinburgh University; licentiate of the Scottish church; private tutor in Edinburgh from 1843; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1866; publistedGreek Verbs, Irregular and Defective 1848; edited classical text* f flviii. 201

[227] Margaret Veley (1843–1887), novelist and poet r began to publish, 1870; issuedFor Percival her bett novel, 1878.

[228] Thomas Velley (1748?–180C), botanist: D.C.L. I Oxford, 1787; studied the alga;; wrote on marine plant?-.

[229] Edmund Venables (1819–1895), antiquary and I divine; of Merchant TaylorsSchool: M.A. Cambridge, i 1845; curate at Hurstmonceux, 1844-53: removed to I Bonchurch, 1853; precentor of Lincoln, 1867-95; published guide-books to the Isle of Wight and Lincoln City: contributed to encyclopaxlias and biblical and biographical dictionaries.

[230] Edward Frederick Venables (1818–1858), a hero of the Indian mutiny; inherited a Shropshire estate, 1856; indigo- planter near Azimghur; rescued the Europeans there, July 1857; led the cavalry in the victory at Mandori, September 1857; mortally wounded in action.

[231] George Stovtn Venables (1810–1888), journalist; educated at the Charterhouse, London: fellow and tutor of Jesus College, Cambridge; M.A., 1835; barrister, Inner Temple, 1836; retired from practice, 1882; contributed to the Saturday Review 1855, and to The Times 1857-88; friend of Alfred Tennyson.

[232] Robert Venables (1612?–1687), soldier ; lieutenant-colonel in the parliamentary army: wounded at Chester, 1645; governor of Liverpool, 1648: served with success in Ireland. 1649-54; sent, with Admiral Penn, against the Spanish West Indies, 1654; routed at Hispaniola, 1655; successful at Jamaica, 1655; sent to the Tower of London, September 1666; cashiered, October 1655; governor of Chester, 1660; remained a nonconformist; bought Wiucham; published a treatise on angling, 1662.

[233] Cadwaladr Vendigald (d. 664?). See CAD

[234] Francesco Vendramini (fl. 1805), engraver ; settled at St. Petersburg, c. 1805.

[235] Giovanni Vendramini (1769–1839), line and stipple engraver; an Italian; came to England, 1788; pupil of Bartolozzi; visited Russia, 1805-7. Iviii. 206}

[236] Henry Venn (1725–1797), evangelical divine; son of Richard Venn; M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1749: fellow of Queens College, Cambridge, 1749-57; curate of Clapham, 1754; vicar of Huddersfield, 1759: rector of Yelling, 1771-97; published sermons and devotional works.

[237] Henry Venn (1796–1873), divine ; son of John Venn (1759-1813); fellow of Queens College, Cambridge, 1819-29: B.D., 1828; vicar of Drypool. 1827: incumbent of St. John's, Holloway, London, 1834-46: honorary secretary of the Church Missionary Society, 1841-73; published sermons, pamphlets, and memoir.

[238] John Venn (1586–1650), regicide; warden of the Merchant Taylors Company, 1641; traded in wool with the west of England and Ireland; a member of the Massachusetts Company, 1629-44; captain in the artillery company, 1636; M.P., London, in the Long parliament, 1640; colonel of foot in the parliamentary army, 1642; governor of Windsor, 1642-5: in command at Northampton, 1646; afterwards resided at Hammersmith and attended parliament; signed Charles I's death warrant.

[239] John Venn (1647–1687), master of Balliol College, Oxford, 1678-87; vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1686-7.

[240] John Venn (1759–1813), divine; son of Henry Venn (1725-1797); M.A. Cambridge, 1784; rector of Clapham, 1792-1813; a founder of the Church Missionary Society, 1797, and member of the Clapham sect.

[241] Richard Venn (1691–1740), divine; educated at Blundell's school, Tiverton, and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1716; rector of St. Antholin's, London, 1725-40; published sermons.

[242] Richard Vennar or Vennard (d. 1615), author; of Balliol Collesre, Oxford; travelled; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1581; visited Scotland aixi flattered James VT, 1GOO; imprisoned on hin return; published Right Vuy to H.-.Mi.-i,;;. money for performed, beth; cheated many people by taking entrance money for a iii:i~.i:.-, wind,, though promised, was never loyat the Swan, 1603; publi Apology fur his conduct, 1614; died in a pri-un.

[243] Thomas Venner (d, 1661), plotter; a cooper: resid. Mil in Massachusetts, 1638; Fifth-monarchy preacher in London; planned a rising, 1657; prisoner in the Tower of London, !,.:,; 9: li.-aded a rising to MA up the Fifth monarchy, 1661; executed.

[244] Tobias Venner (1577–1660), medical writer; M.A. Oxford. 1G03; M.D., 1613; practised, from 1603, at Petbert..n. and. in ttie season, at Bath: published The Bathes of Bathe 1620, Via recta ad vitam longam 1630, and a polemic against tobacco, 1621.

[245] John Venning (1776–1868), philanthropist; a London merchant; resident in St. Petersburg, 1793; settled in Norfolk, 1830; advocated prison reform.

[246] Ralph Venning (1621?–1674), nonconformist divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1650; lecturer in Southwark; ejected, 1663; preacher at Pewterers' Hall, London, 1663-74; published sermons and tracts.

[247] Walter Venning (1781–1821), philanthropist; a London merchant: resided at St. Petersburg, 1799-1807; advocated prison reform, 1815-21; died at St. Petersburg.

[248] Henry George Vennor (1840–1884), Canadian meteorologist: born and educated at Montreal; attached to the Canadian geological survey, 1865-81: published theVernier Almanac 1877, and aMonthly Bulletin 1882, forecasting the weather; wrote on Canadian ornithology.

[249] Ventbj 8, SIR PEYTON (1645–1691), jnd?e: barrister, Middle Temple, 1661: M.P., Ipswich. 19; justice of the common pleas, and knighted, 1689; his Reports from 1645 to 1691, published, 1696.

[250] John Verbruggen (. 1688–1707?), a favourite actor on the London stage; nicknamed Alexander, 16881694.

[251] Mrs Verbruggen . SUSANNA (1667?-1703), actress; daughter of Percival, a London actor: married, July 1686, William Mountfort; married secondly, e. 1693, John Verbruggen; the leading London actress in comedy from her first appearance in 1681.

[252] Verdon or VERDUN, BERTRAM DK (d. 1192), fudge; sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 11681183: a justiciary, 1175-8; a justice itinerant, 1175-9; founded Croxden Abbey, 1176: seneschal of Ireland, 11 M1186; accompanied llichard I to Palestine, 1190-1: died atJoppa.

[253] Theobald Dk Verdon , the elder (124SP-1309), baron; son and heir of John de Verdon: visited Ireland, 1275, 1285, 1295-9; personally attended the parliament at Lincoln, 1301.

[254] Theobald Dk Verdon , the yoongcr (d. 1316), baron; son and heir of Theobald de Verdon the r.: substitute for his father in the Scottish campaign, ...J; knighted, 1298; summoned to parliament. 1299; succeeded to the estates, 1309; lieutenant of Ireland, 1313.

[255] Family of Vere , derived from Ver, near Bayeux ; founded in England by Aubrey Albericus) de Verc. who received from the Conqueror the great est*te of thegn Wolf wine in Xx and neighbouring counties. The chief seat of the Veres was at Castle Hedingbam, Essex, where their great stone keep still stands. Iheir burial-place was Earl's Colne priory, founded by them. The badge was a blue boar verres), and the motto Vero nifvcrtu*. The house became extinct in 1703 in Aubrey de Vere, twentieth earl

[256] Aubrky Dk Vere (d. 114 IX great chamberlain: successor of Albericus de Vere senior: joint-sheriff of London, 1125; joint-sheriff of eleven counties, 1130; appointed hereditary great chamberlain, 1133; adherent of King Stephen; killed in a riot in London. * V* *M*VUSB; VVt * V .-. !,...::.:...,. ....,:,.,:.: V. to FrMi.ce, 1376 and 1381; chamber

[257] Vere vriiHBY DR, tr-t KARL or OXFORD Q nines in rightof his wife, 1 1S9 7-1 Ul: adopted tbt of Empress lUod: created earl by her. 1143, with tbr choice of Msowntitk; conflnntd by Henry II M CM! o* 1IW.

[258] Aubrey Dc Vere , tenth KARL or Oxftwn (1340?1400), second MO of John d Tent, serenUi earl of Oxford; steward of Haverinff forest, 1KO, and of Hadley Oastle, Ac., 1378; to LqnriM, is..;; 1375-83; an envoy to 1 lain of the household, 1381; foutremoved from court by the Ueretiew parliament, 1188: was created Karl of Oxford, 1393, and iweived the muitat estates, but not the lord chmnbrrUliwhlp: beoune tenth earl by succession on the reversal of the attainder of his nephew, Robert d Vere, ninth ear!, 1S97; attainder replaosd, 1190.

[259] Aubrey Dk Vere , twentieth R.ftf. or OxroKO do; UW m md bsir ol Roberl Ac v,:.. earl: succeeded, 16*3: brought up in FrinUnd: in th.- Dutch service till 164H: his ntate* wqnei by parliament, 1651; imprisoned a a royolUt, 1M and 1659; an envoy to recall Charles II. 1MO: lord-lieutenant of Eatex and colonel of the Oxfonl blues regiment, 1661; privy councillor, 1669; pensioned, 1670; opposed James ll's arbitrary measures, Itt88; joined the Prince of Orange, less; lieutenant-general, 1689; fought at ttw Boyne; a whig lord. Llvili

[260] Vrb 8m AUBREY DR (1788–1846), See DB

[261] Charles Broke Sir (1779-1*43), majorgeneral; named Charle* Broke: took the name Vere, 1833; ensign, 1796; major, 18u8: lientcnantolooel, 1813: quartermaster-general, 1815: served iu Holland. 1799, at Buenos Ayres, 1807, throughout the IVniusular war. 1809-14, and at Waterloo: K.C.B.. 1815: tory M.P. for East Suffolk, 1835-43; major-general, 1837.

[262] Edward Uk Vere . seventeenth EARL or OXFORD (1550-1604), poet; only son of John de Vere, sixteenth carl of Oxford; styled Lord llulbeck; of Queens and St. John's Colleges, Cambridge, from 1558: succeeded to the earldom, 1562; a royal ward in Cecil's (Burghley's) household; a prominent figure at Elizabeth's court, 1564-82; married, 1671, Anne Cecil (Uuiyldey's daughter. who died 1588): angry at the prosecution of the Duke of Norfolk, 1572: withdrew to Flanders, but was brought back, 1574; travelled in Italy, 1575-6: jwtron of a company of players; quarrelled with Sir Philip Sidney. 1579; in disgrace at court on account of hi* violent temper, 1583-3; eat as judge of Mary Queen of Scou, 1586: served against the Armada, 1588; alienatol his estates: officiated as lord great cluuuberlain, 1603: verses by him I printed in miscellanies, 1576-1600; collected niitton, 1873.

[263] Sir Francis Vere (1560–1609) soldier; brought up by Sir William Browne; visited Poland, 1580: accompanied Leicester's expedition to Holland, 1585; in Lord Willouguby de Krwby's horn; from 1586; ci 1586; distinguished himself iu the defence of Slays,. August, 1587, and of Bcrgen-op-Zoom, 1588: knighted: visited England, 1588: second in command of the English contingent in Holland, 1589: acting commander from August 1589 -..relieved Rheinberg, 1589; took part in a brilliant series of sieges and surprise*, from that of Breda, 15MU, to that of Groningen, 1594: iu the regular pay of the Dutch states from 1593; served with the Cadis expedition, 1596, and the Azores expedition, 1597: returuel to Holland, 1597; took part in the victory at Turnhout, 1698; negotiated agreement twtween Dutch states and Queen Elizabeth, 1598; appointed governor of Brill in the autumn of 1598; returned to Holland, 1599: took part in the victories at Bommcl, 1599, and Nlenport. 1600; successfully defended Ofttend, 1601-3: dangerously wounded at Grave, 1C02; retired from the Dutch service, 1601; paid a final vi-it to Holland, 1605-6: governor of 1'ortamoutu, 1G06: hl -Commentaries an account of his services, published, 1057; * benefactor of the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

[264] Henry de Vere, eighteenth Earl of Oxford (1593-1625), son of Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford; succeeded, 1604: entered the Inner Temple, hon. M.A. Oxford, lijo:.; K.B., 1610: travelled, . -lik-fly in Italy, 1613-1*: admitted hereditary great chamberlain, 1619; served in the Palatinate, 1620; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1621 and 1622-3, through offence given to Buckingham; went to serve in Holland, 1624; died at the Hague.

[265] Sir Horace Vere, Baron Vere of Tilbury 1566-1635), soldier; served under his brother. Sir Francis Vere, in Holland, 1590-4, and at Cadiz, 1596; knighted, 1596; distinguished himself at Nieuport, 1600 and Osteud, 1602; took over from Sir Francis Vere command of English in Holland, 1604: distinguished him--lf at the roj-ovi-ry of Sluys, 1604, and in the defeat of Mulheim, 1605: returned to England; governor of Brill, 1609-16; served at Juliers, 1610; governor of Utrecht, 1618; salted from England in command of the English troops for the Palatinate, 1620; garrisoned the Palatinate, winter, 1620; forced to capitulate at Mannheim, 1622; returned to England, 1623; master-general of the ordnance; repulsed by Spinola at Breda, 1625; returned to England; created Baron Vere, 1625; served at the sieges of Bois-le-Duc, 1629, and Maastricht, 1632.

[266] John De Vere , seventh EARL op OXFORD (1313–1380), succeeded his uncle, April 1331; served in Scotland, 1333, 1335, and 1343, in Flanders, 1339, in Brittany, 1343, 1845, at Orecy, 1346, and at Poitiers, 1356; died in the Burgundy campaign.

[267] John Dk Vere , twelfth EARI, OP OXPORD (1408?1462), succeeded his father, 1417: married the heiress of the barony of Plaiz before 1429; served in France, 1436 and 1441; executed on charge of planning a Lancastrian rising.

[268] John De Vere , thirteenth EARL OP OXFORD (1443–1513), son of John de Vere, twelfth earl; succeeded, 1462: obtained the reversal of the attainder see AUBREY UK VKKE, tenth KAUL, 1464: imprisoned as a suspected Lancastrian, 1468; helped to restore Henry VI, 1470; escaped to France from Barnet field, 1471; seized St. Michael's Mount, 1473: prisoner in Hammes Castle, near Calais, 1474-84: attainted, 1475; joined Richmond Henry VII) in Paris, 1484; accompanied him to England: fought at Bos worth, 1485; obtained reversal of his attainder and the hereditary chamberlainship; constable of the Tower of London, i486, with many other places; fought at Stoke, 1487, and In Picardy, 1492; joined in suppressing the Cornish insurgents, 1497; entertained Henry VII at Castle Hediugham, 1498.

[269] John Uk Vere , fifteenth EARL OP OXFORD (1490?1540), courtier of Henry VIII; knighted, 1513; succeeded his ancle, 1514; the first protestaut Earl of Oxford.

[270] John Dk Vere , sixteenth EARL op OXFORD (1512?I562X son of John de Vere, fifteenth earl of Oxford ; succeeded, 1540; served in Prance, 1544; declared for Queen Mary, 1553; entertained Queen Elizabeth at Castle Hedingham, 1561.

[271] Robert Dk Vere , third EARL op OXFORD (1170?12S1), second son of Aubrey de Vere, first earl of Oxford ; married, c. 1208, the heiress of the Buckinghamshire Bolehec*; succeeded his brother, 1214; one of the twenty-five executors of Magua Charta.

[272] Robert Dk Vere , ninth EARL of OXFORD and duke of Ireland (1362–1392), succeeded his father, 1371 ; married Philippa de Couci, 1378; became a bosom friend of Richard II, 1381; granted lands and stewardships, 1382-5; accompanied Richard II to Scotland, 13H5; created Marquis of Dublin, 1385, with regal powers in Ireland, and Duke of Dublin, 1386; exercised these powers through a deputy, Sir John Stanley, 1385-H; attended Richard II during his summer progress, 1387: divorced his wife, 1387 (divorce annulled. 1389); charged jy the lords appellant with treason, 1387; escaped to Cheater, rained troops, and marched on London; deserted by his troops at Witney; escaped in disguise to London, and witlidrew to the Netberland*, and thence to Paris; attainted, 1388; settled at Louvain, e. 1389; killed in A boar-hunt; solemnly re-buried at Earl's Colne by Richard II. 1396.

[273] Charles Vereker , second Viscount Gort (O7W-1842), entered the navy, 1782; M.P., Limerick, : 1790-1817; lieutenant-colonel of the Limerick militia; cheeked the French under HumlK'rt at Sligo, 17H; opposed the union, 1799; succeeded his uncle in the peerage, 1817; Irish representative peer. 1*211.

[274] Harmen Verelst (1643?–1700?), painter; went to London, 1683.

[275] Harry Verelst (d. 1785), governor of Bengal; went to Bengal, 1750; imprisoned by Suraj ud Dowlah, 1758; in charge of Chittagoug, 1761-5: governor of Bengal, 1767-9, carrying out Olive's policy: returned to England, 1770; ruined by litigation raised by corrupt Bengal influences; published a narrative of English Government in Bengal 1772; died at Boulogne.

[276] Simon Verelst (1644–1721?), flower and portrait painter; native of the Hague; came to London, 1669, and was for a time highly popular.

[277] Willem Verelst (fl. 1740), portrait-painter in London.

[278] Polydore Vergil (1470?-1555?), historian; born at Urbino; studied at Bologna and Padua; secretary to the Duke of Urbiuo; chamberlain to Pope Alexander VI: published Proverbiorum Libellus Venice, 1498, anticipating Erasmus's Adagia; published De Inventoribus Reruin Venice, 1499 (enlarged, 1521); resided in England as sub-collector of Peter's pence, 1502-15; non-resident rector of Church Langtou, 1503; prebendary of Hereford, 1507-55, of Lincoln, 1507, and of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, 1513-55; archdeacon of Wells, 1508-54; asked by Henry VII to write the history of England, 1505; naturalised, 1510; visited Rome, 1514; imprisoned, at Wolsey's instance, 1515; visited Rome, 1516; returned to England, 1517; edited Gildas, 1525; published hisAnglicae Historiae Libri xxvi. Basle, 1534 (brought down to 1509, continued to 1538 in the 1555 edition), of special value for Henry VII's reign; returned to Italy, 1551; published other treatises and translations.

[279] Pietro Martire Vermigli (1500–1562), reformer; known as Peter Martyr; born in Florence: Augustinian monk at Fiesole, 1516, and Padua, 1519; D.D. Padua; learnt Greek and Hebrew; sent to different towns as Lent or Advent preacher from 1527; head of the convent at Spoleto, 1530, and Naples, 1533; read Bucer and Zwingli; removed to Lucca, 1541; fled from Italy as a suspected heretic, 1542; divinity professor at Strasburg, 1542-7; married an ex-nun there; brought to London by Cranmer, 1547; incorporated D.D. and appointed divinity professor at Oxford, 1548; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1551; one of the commissioners to revise the ecclesiastical code, 1551 (this code was published, 1571); his wife buried in Christ Church Cathedral, 1553 (exhumed, 1557. reinterred, 1558); left England, 1553; divinity professor at Strasburg, 1554; Hebrew professor at ZUrich, 1556; corresponded with English protestants; attended the conference at Poissy, 1561; published theological treatises and commentaries from 1543; died at Zurich.

[280] Sir Cornelius Vermuyden (1595?–1683?), engineer; native of Holland; repaired the Thames embankments in Essex, 1621: encountered much opposition in his drainage of part of the fens, 1622, and of Axholnae, 1626; grunted portions of the reclaimed lauds, 1625-9; knighted, 1629; engineer of theBedford levelto drain theGreat Fens 1629-37, 1649-56; sent by Cromwell to solicit a close alliance with Holland, 1653; projected the drainage of Sedgemoor, 1656.

[281] John Verneuil (1583?–1647), sub-librarian (1618 till death) of the Bodleian Library; born in Bordeaux; M.A. Montauban; came to Oxford. 118; incorporated as M.A. 1625; catalogued sermons; published translations.

[282] Sir Edmund Verney (1590 - 1642), soldier; studied at St. Alban Hall, Oxford; travell.-d in Holland and France; knighted, 1611; visited Madrid: servant of Prince Charles, Kil3; followed Charles to Madrid, 1623; M.P., Buckingham, 1624, Aylesbury, 1028, Chipping Wycombe in the Short and Long parliaments, keeper of Marshalsea prison, 162: attended diaries I to So iOo'J: uppoiiitul standaru n lull. 1 1 vi 1 1

[283] Edmund Verney KiiMr.M) (U16-1649), soldi.-r; nn nf sir Edmund Verney (1590-1612): atW: i.:il,.i Magdalen Hall, Oxford. 1636; served in Srotland. LAM, m i Under* and Scotland. in In-land,: defended Chaster, 1644 1646: vitiidn--v tn Kirn beforo 1648; returned to Ireland with niM.n.ir, 1GI9; slain at Drogheda.

[284] Francis Verney (1684–1615), pirate; of Trinity College, Oxford, 1600; knighted, 1604; sold his estate; deserted his wife and went abroad, 1608; joined the pirate of Algiers; died at Messina.

[285] Sir Harry Verney, neooixl baronet (1801–1894), son of Sir Harry Culvert; sooceeded to his ronetcy, 1826: assumed UM name Veruey on raooeedinf In 1817 to the OUydon e*te* la Boaktaftanshire; educated at Harrow and Sandhurst; military attache at Stuttgart, 1818-20; travelled in America, l-7 u: studil in Cambridge. 1831-3: liberal M. P. for Buckingham, 1832-36. Iviii. 263)

[286] John Verney (1699–1741 X judge : of New College, Oxford, 1714; )KU. D.C.L., 1737: barrister. Middle Temple, 1721; M.P., Downton, 1722-34; chief-justice of Chester, 1734; master of the roll*, 1738.

[287] Verney Silt RALPH, first baronet (1613–1696), poUticiuii: eldest sou of Kir Kduiund Verney (1690-1642) ; educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford: M.P., Aylesbury, i" ttie Short and Long parliament*, 1640; opposed to Laud; knighted, 1641; took notes of proceedings in the Long parliament (published, 1845); refused the coveiiaut and went abroad, 1A48; his estates confiscated, 1646, but restored, 1650; returned to England, 166 3; imprisoned, 1666; created baronet, 1661; M.P., Buckingham, 1680, 1686, 1689.

[288] Ralph Verney , second EABL VKRNEY and third Yiflcouxr FKRMANAUU in the peerage of Ireland (1712 ?1791), whig politician; succeeded his father, 1762; M.I. Wendover, 1763, and Buckinghamshire, 1768-91; patron of Edmund Burke; squandered bis estate.

[289] Richard Verney , third UAKOS Wii.i.m .,ii' v DK BKOKK (1621-1711), of lu-lton; sheriff of Rutland, 1682; knighted, 1685; M.P., Warwickshire, 1GH5, 1690; established his claim to the barony, 1695.

[290] Family of Vernon , named from Vernon, departement Eure, Normandy. Richard de Vernon cauie to England with William I, and settled nt Sliipbrook, Cheshire. William do Vernon, tempore Henry III, acquired Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, by marriage with the heiress of the Avenels. Dorothy Vernon (d. 1684), daughter ami heiress of Sir (ieorge Vernon (rf. 1567), tlie hist male representative of the family's main bniuch, eloped with Sir Jolin Maniu-rs. by whom she was ancestress of the Dukes of Rutluud, and thus Haddon Hall passed into their possession.

[291] Augustus Henry Vernon , sixth BARON Vernon (1829-18H3), eldest son of George John Warren Yernon, fifth baron Vernon; born nt Rome; captain in the guards, retired, 1861; succeeded, 1866.

[292] Edward Vernon (1884–1757), admiral : second son of James Vernon; entered the navy, 17uo: engaged in active service, 17U 1-7, chiefly in the Mediterranean, 1707-12, chiefly in the West Indies, 1716-17, 171.* 1721, and 1726-8. chiefly in the Baltic, and 1739-42, in the West Indies; lieutenant. 1702: captuin, 1706: admiral, 1746: M.P., Penryn, 17l2: advocated war with Spain, 1731; took the defenceless Porto Bello, 1739, but, in conjunction with Brigadier-general Wentworth, failed miserUl.ly at Cartagena, in 1741. at Santiago in Cuba, and Manama: first to issue rum diluted with water ( grog), 1740; bought Nacton; M.I, Ipswich: given command in North Sou. 1745; attacked the admiralty in anonymous pamphlets, 1746-6; cashiered, 1746.

[293] Sir Edward Vernon (1723–1794), admiral : educated at Portsmouth Royal Academy, 1736-9; OH active service, chiefly in the Mediterranean, 1739-62: lieutenant, 1743- captain, 1763; employed on harbour duty, 17G3-76; knighted, 1773; commauder-iu-chief in the Ka-t 1776-81: rear-admiral, 1779; admiral, 1794. Iviii.

[294] Edward Venables Vernon (1767–1847). S,r HAKH-KT, EUWAKU. '37 7-1677), traretbT: edo M.it vv,-tm.!, to i..,:.. tv. i..,-.;M; M.A 16W: travelled: nrrrur to Sweden, 1M8, and at 1 :... ..: n -;..!..,!.. 8m OBOBOB (178?-1639), jodir. emple, 1604: baron of the exchequer aii :...:..: i,; I,,... pronounoed hip-money total, 1*17.

[295] Okoiu Vernon lK(lM7-17JOXdlvlne: M.A. viwwiwt n io-i College, Oxford, 1660; chaplain of AD Oxford: rector of Sarsden, 1WS: r*. tor of Bo the- Water, Gloucester* hi re; wrote against John Owen the independent. 1670, and Sir Thomas Overbury the younger, 1677: pabUVhid Lite of Peter Heylin 1681.

[296] Ok Vxrnon iiIMlB JOHN WARREN, fifth BAKOK (1803-1H66). of Ku.li.tiry, I* rt.ynhire: tyled George Joh u Venablw Vernon: M.K. IVrbyshlre. 1831-*; succeeded to barony, 1816; obamccd his name to George John Warren, 1837: lived mostly in Florence: pubUaned Dante texts and commentaries. Including L'Inferno di Daute Alighieri dipo*to in online grmmmatioale 18*81866. IvilL 176J

[297] James Vernon (1646–1717), secretary of state : M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1669; incorporated M.A. Cambridge, 1676; political agent in Holland, 1671; attached to the Paris embassy, 1671: secretary to the Duke of Monmouth, 1674-8; edited the official London Oatette 1678-89: M.P., Cambridge University, 1678-9; assistant in the secretary of state's office, 1689. 1692, 1694; a commissioner of pruwa, 1691-1706: M.P., Penryn, 1696-8, Westminster, 1698-1702, Penryn, 1706-10: traced out Sir John Fi-nw i.-ki plot, 1696; principal secretary of state, 1698-1702; teller of Die exchequer, 1702-lu.

[298] Joseph Vernon ( 1738?–1782 X actor and dnger: sang soprano at Drnry Lane, London, 1761; singer of tenor parts and actor of comedy at Drury Lane, 1764; married at the Savoy Chapel, London, 1754; withdrew to Dublin, to escape the odium incurred by hi* i annulled; "a favourite at Drury Lane, 1762-81 composed songs; compiled a song-book, 1782.

[299] Vernon or PEMBRUOB, SIR RICHARD DK (d. 1451), of Haddon, Derbyshire; acquired tlie iVmhrugu estates by marriage: M.I, Derbyshire, 1422 and 1426; speaker of the House of Commons, 1426.

[300] Richard Vernon (1796–1800), 'father of the turf some time captain in the guards; M.P. successively for Tavistock, Bedford, Okehampton, and Newcastle-under-Lyme, 1764-90; a founder of the Jockey Club; began training horseses at Newmarket, r. 1763.

[301] Robert Vernon (1774–1849), art patron; contractor for army horses, r. 1799: bought pictures, mostly by British artists, from 1820; presented 157 of them to the nation, 1847.

[302] Robert Vernon, Baron Lyveden (1800–1871).

[303] Thomas Vernon (1664–1721), taw reporter: of Haiibury Hall. Won-e*tenhirf: barrister. Middle Temple. 1679; practised in chiuuvry: whig M.P Worcester, 17161721; coiuj.il.-i report* of chancery dedskns( 1681-1718), published in 1726-8.

[304] Thomas Vzenon (1824?–1872), Une-engav*r. VfRON, JOHN (d. 1663), protertaut controvwrtftU*; born near Sens: stodied at Orleans, 1634; came to England, 1536: studied at Cambridge: rector of St. Alpbage. Cripplegate, London, 1661-4; Imprisoned for scditiou* preaching, 1663-8; prabendarv oTst. Paul's, London. 1869-61; rector of St. Martin's,, Ludgate, London, and I vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1*60-1; pi troversial tracts and translations, 1648-61; a Latin-English dictionary by him brought out, 1676.

[305] Anton Verrio 10(1619?–1707),decoratlvepmintiT : born near Otranto; history-painter in Prance; employed by Cliarles II and James II to decorate Windsor Castle, Ac., and by William III and Anne to decorate Hampton

[306] Verstegen " Oonrt: decorated many English nol.: -:iti rteed by Pope for thesprawlim:;i;iHMranee of the figures in bis decorative paintin-. lvii.

[307] Richard Verstegen (. 1565-1C20). See Richard Rowlands .

[308] Verttte (JKollGE (1684–1766), engraver and antiquary; worked for Michael Van der Gucht; set up for himself, 1709; a prolific engraver of portrait-:: travelled about England, engraving objects of antiquarian interest; official engraver to the Society of Antiquaries, 1717-66; designed the Oxford almanacs, 1723-51; collected materials fur the history of art in England.

[309] Barox Verulam (1561 - 162(5). Sec BACON, Francis

[310] Baroxs Vesci . See CLIFFORD, HEXIJY UK, first Baron 1455?-1523: CLIFFORD, HKXKY UK, second BARON, 1493-1542; CLIFFORD, HEXRY DK, third BARON, d. 1570.

[311] Eustace de Vescy or Vesci (1170?-1216), baron; served with Richard I in Palestine, 1195; envoy from King John to William the Lion of Scotland, 1199; served in Ireland, 1210; fled to Scotland to escape a charge of treason, 1212; married an illegitimate daughter of William the Lion; recalled by King John, 1213; one of the barons who forced John to sign Magna Charta, and one of the twenty-five executors of it; excommunicated, 1216; killed at Barnard Castle.

[312] John de Vescy (d. 1289), baron; of Alnwick; succeeded his father, 1263; supported Simon de Montfort; summoned to parliament, 1265: wounded at Evesham, 1265; in rebellion, 1267, but subdued by Prince Edward: accompanied Prince Edward to Palestine, 1270; served in Wales, 1277 and 1282; envoy to Aragon, 1282, and Holland, 1285.

[313] William de Vescy (1249?–1297), baron; held Gloucester for the barons, 1265; served in Wales, 1277 and 1282; succeeded his brother, John de Vescy, in the estates, 1289; advanced a claim to the Scottish crown, 1290; inherited Kildare from his mother, Agnes Marshall, 1290: lord justice of Ireland, 1290-4: sent on a mission to Gascony, 1295; surrendered Kildare Castle to Edward I, 1297.

[314] William Dk Vescy (d. 1314), styled 'of Kildare'; bastard son of William de Vescy (1249 ?-1297); given the De Vesci estates in Yorkshire by his father, 1397; served in Scotland, 1300: sold Alnwick to the Percies, 1309; summoned to parliament, 1313 and 1314; killed at Bannockburn.

[315] Baron Vesey (1783–1843). See William Vesey FitzGerald.

[316] Elizabeth Vesey (1715?–1791), leader of literary society; daughter of Sir Thomas Vesey; married William Handcock,and secondly, before 1746, Agmondesham Vesey, friend of Edmund Burke and member of Dr. Johnson's club; had a literary salon in London, 1770-84: became imbecile, 1789.

[317] John Vesey (1638–1716), archbishop of Tuam; educated at Westminster School; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1667; D.D., 1672: beneficed in Cloyne diocese, 1661; archdeacon of Armagh, 1662-3; dean of Cork, 1667; bishop of Limerick, 1673; archbishop of Tuam, 1678; warden of Galway; withdrew to London, 1689; returned to Ireland, 1692; published sermons.

[318] Sir Thomas Vesey, first baronet (1668?–1730), Irish bishop; son of John Vesey; entered Christ Church, Oxford, from Eton, 1689; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1695: M.A., 1697; married a Surrey heiress; created baronet, 1098; bishop of Killaloe, 1718, of Ossory, 1714.

[319] Madame Vestris (1797-1856). See MATHEWS, LUCIA ELIZABETH.

[320] James Vetch (1789–1869), engineer; educated at the military academies at Great Marlow and, 1805, Woolwich; served in the royal engineers, 1808-24: capta; n, *13: mining engineer in Mexico, 1824-9, 1832-5: K.H.S., 1830; resided in England after 1835, working on railways, drainage schemes, and harbours; projected a shipcanal at Suez, 1839-43, opposed by Palmerston:;published antiquarian and engineering treatises.

[321] Samuel Vetch (168–1732 colonist; son of William Veitch (1640-1722); educated at Utrecht; officer in the Dutch army; accompanied the Prince of Orange to England, 1688; officer in the Cameronian regiment at Dunkeld, 1689, Steinkirk, 16J2, and Landen, 16!)o; captain in William Paterson's Darien colony, 1698; set tin I in Albany, New York, 1699; employed to negotiate with the Indians, 1700 and 1702, and with the Canadian French, 1705; visited London to urge the conquest of Canada. 1708 and 1709; colonel of the colonial troops at the conquest of Nova Scotia, 1710; governor of Nova Scotia, 1710-13, 1715-17; came to England to solicit his arrears of pay, 1719; neglected; died in a debtors' prison.

[322] John Veysey or Voysey, alias Harman (1465?-1554), bishop of Exeter; son and heir of William Harman (d. 1470) of Moor Hall, Sutton Coldfield; took the name of Veysey or Voysey, c. 1488; fellow of Magdalen College. Oxford, 1486-7: LL.D., 14!)4: chaplain to Elizabeth, consort of Henry VII, 1489; rector of CliftonReynes, 1496-9; held chancellorship of Lichfield, 14981502; archdeacon of Chester, 1499-1515; canon of Exeter, 1503-9: vicar of St. Michael's, Coventry, 1507-20: dean of Exeter, 1509-19; canon of St. Stephen's, Westminster, 1514-18; dean of Windsor, 1515-19; dean of Wolverhampton, 1516-21: bishop of Exeter, 1519-51 and 1553-4; attended Henry VIII to France, 1520; president of the court of the marches of Wales, 1526; lived at Moor Hall, administering his diocese by deputy; forced by Edward Vl's courtiers to alienate to them much property of the see; removed, 1551, but was restored by Queen Mary; benefactor of Sutton-Coldfield.

[323] De Sainbel Vial , CHARLES (1753–1793). See Sainbel

[324] Hedley Shafto Johnstons Vicars (1826–1855), soldier; born in the Mauritius; entered the army, 1843; captain, 1854; from 1851 worked for the moral and religious welfare of the troops; killed in the trenches at Sebastopol.

[325] John Vicars (1580?–1652), poetaster; usher at Christ's Hospital, London; presbyterian; published doggerel verses, 1617-41; wrote against episcopacy and j against the independents, 1641-8; printed a narrative of ! the civil war,Jehovah Jireh(1641-3) in 1644, continued in Gods Arke 1646; mentioned in Hudibras

[326] Thomas Vicars ( ft. 1607–1641), divine; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford,i'l616; M.A., 1615; B.D., 1622; vicar of Cowfold and Guckfield, Somerset; published devotional works.

[327] Thomas Vicary (d. 1561), surgeon; his name spelt also Vicars, Vikers; surgeon to Henry VIII, 152H. and sergeant-surgeon, 1536-61; several times m;ister of the Barber-Surgeons Company, London, from 1530; I granted church lands, 1542; governor of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1548, and resident director, 1554-C1. An anatomical treatise, wrongfully attributed to him, appeared, 1577.

[328] John Viccars (1C04-1 660), biblical scholar; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1622; M.A. Lincoln College. Oxford, 1C25; rector of South Fambridgc, 1610, and of Battlesden; ejected, 164(J; went abroad: published, 163U, a commentary on the Psalms, drawn from ten languages.

[329] Alfred Vtckers (1786–1868), landscape-painter; exhibited in London, 1813-59.

[330] Alfred Gomersal Vickers (1810–1837). marine-painter; eon of Alfred Vickers

[331] Richard Vickris (d. 1700), quaker; son of a Bristol merchant; visited France: prosecuted for recusancy, 1680; wrote pamphlets in defence of quakerism.

[332] Benjamin Victor (?. 1778), theatrical manager; originally a London barber; tradesman in Norwich, 1722; linendraper in London; deputy-manager of a Dublin theatre, 1746-59; treasurer of Drury Lane, London, 1760-78; poet-laureate of Ireland, "l7, r r; published pamphlets and wretched verse, 1722-76, memoir of Barton Booth, 1733, and a history (covering 1710 to 1771) of the stage in London and Dublin, 1761-71.

[333] Victor 1 KUDINAN!' i i A N'l IN Fl;ll.l!:ldl.. tmo, 1'itiM i:, (or many yvars known. i. admiral and sculi IM: of Priiicv Krn -t c: Hobenlobe-Laugcnburg, and of Princess Fcodnr.-..lau-i.t. -r ( Ernest Charier, gen. by Princes Victoria f Saxc-Cobnrg-Saalfeld, afterward* DoeheM of Kent; hi* mother was thus nalf-*istr to Quern Victoria; midshipman in British navy, 1848; flag-lWtennnt to Sir Harry Ki-ppel In Chin*, 18*6; retired on balf.pay owing to ill-health, 186: K.C.B. and governor and countable of Windsor Oastle, 1867; married, 1861, Launi Wllliamlna, of Admiral Sir George Francis Seymo.. and assumed title of Count i;i.-iolen; devoted himself utioccs- fully to sculpture; U.C.B. and admiral.:

[334] Qukkn of The Ukitkd Kingdom of Victoria illllTAIN AMI Il(K(.M). (llld EMPRKHM OF INDIA (1810-1901). irranddaiu'ht.-r of George III, and only child of George Ill's fourth Mn, Edward Aofnttos, duke of 18JOX by Mary Louisa Victoria, fourth daughter nnd youngest child of Francis Frederick Antony (17501801 ratntBfetab tt Ba4)obariMlfaU (aftenrardi Ootha), and widow of Ernest Charles, reigning prince of Leiningen (d. 1814), was born at Kensington Palace, 24 Mry 1819. She was baptised, 24 June, Alcxandrina Victoria, the Brat name being after Alexander I, cxar of vho was one of her sponsors. She lived from 1820 with the DucheM of Kent at Kensington Palace. Her early education wa undertaken by Fraulein Louise Lehzen (create! Hanoverian baroness, 1827), and, from 18X7, by the Rev. George Davys, ami many tutors and mistrewe* who worked under hi* supervision. Music and art were favourite studies In 1830 the Duchess of Northumberland was appointed her governess. From 1832 onwards the Duchess of Kent nnd the prince** made extended tour* in England. She was confirmed at Chupd Koyal, St. James's, 1835, celebrated her coming of age, 4 May 1837. and on 20 June 1837 succeeded to the throne, on the death of her uncle, William IV. The queen met her first privy council on the day of the king's death, and she was formally proclaimed on the following day. On her accession the union U'twmi England and Hanover, which had existed since 1714, was dissolved She was instructed in the d-ities of he station by Lord Melbourne, the prime minister and leader of the whig party, who also undertook t lie duties of private secretary for all public business. Melbourne thus became the queen's constant companion. In private matters the Baroness Lehzen continued to fill till IKU the secretarial office for private business, which she had filled before the queen's accession. Baron Stockmar, v ho had been sent by King Leopold to direct the princess's political education as soon a* she reached her majority, was also in attendance on her. On 13 July she took up her official residence in Buckingham Palace. On 30 Nov. she opened her first parliament, reading her own speech, as was her custom until her widowhood, whenever she:itended in person. Parliament granted her an annuity of 385,UUO.,-le had in addition the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall (about 27,500. annually): the duchy of Cornwall, which passed to the Prince of Wale* at hi* birth in 1841, ultimately produced more than 66,OUU., while the yearly Income from the duchy of Lancaster rose to more than 6U,OUU. In 1839 the queen discliarged the debt* of her father, tlie late Duke of Kent The coronation took place on 2K June, 1838. In the early monthx of 1830 the queen was subjected to much unfavourable comment owing to her passive attitude towards Lady Flora Hastings, daughter of the Marquis of Hastings, who was lady-in-vaiting to the Duchess of Kent at Buckingham Palace, and was improperly suspected by fomc of the queen's attendant* of immoral conduct. In the name year, 183.Melbourne's -.vl.iif ministry resigned and the queen commissioned Sir Robert Peel, the leader of the conserrative opposition in the lower house, to form a government. Peel, in consultation with his friends, decided that the ladies holding the higher posts in the queen's household must be displaced if the conservative ministers were to receive adequate support from the crown. The queen, misunderetanding Peel's intentions, refused to accept hi* proposals. He accordingly declined to proceed to the formation of a eovcniment, and the whig* returned to office. In Octot)er 1839 the queen's first cousins, Prince Albert of SaxeCobu"? Gotha, and his elder brother Ernest, who had already stayed at Kensington in IBM, rUlted Windsor, u offered Prince Albert marriage. rr..- -;.:,.;-;, -....:.,, the quern guv - -,....-:.-,.-.....;,.. Tl,- rlr-t tu-t.,j,r on QOMD1 i.fc u* warrant, precedence next was found to be insane. Tbe queen's first child. Victoria Adelaide Mary LOOM, was born on tt Nor. 1840. In Palmerston, the foreign minister, whose Eastern nrJirr seemed likely to bring about a war between between RnctanU was diMolved and and the election nrodnoed a tory majority. Melbourne and Peal WM called opon to form a ministry. On 9 Nor. 1841, the qoeen's second child, Albert Edward! prince of Wales (now Edward VII). was born. In June 1845 the queen made her first railway journey, travelling to Paddlngton. On 80 May and S July Stongh 1 and t third attempts on her life were made by Johu Francis and John William Bean. In the autumn of this year the quern paid her first visit to Scotland, )oarneying by MM from Voohv ih to Granton. Prince* Alto was born on 25 April 184S. In September the queen visited Louis-Philippe at Chateau dTta, near Trrport. This was the first occasion on which the qnera had trodden foreign soil, and the first occasion on which a. fefl....... Nfcfl h 1 WM I Krv:. i.....,.-. BM Henry VIII appeared on the Field of the Cloth of Gold at the invitation of Francis I in 1520. Prince Alfred was born 6 Aug. 1844. Louis-Philippe returned the queen's visit in October 1844, this being the first time that a French monarch voluntarily landed on English there*, The queen opened the new Royal Exchange, London, 28 Oct. 1844. In the autumn of 1845 she visited Germany for the first time, and stayed at Bosenau, Prince Albert's birthplace. In 1845 the state of agricultural distras* which prevailed throughout the United Kingdom forced Peel to advocate the repeal of the corn laws, a.-top which be and his party were pledged to oppose. The queen firmly supported him, but Peel deemed it just that the opposite party, which bad lately championed the reform, should carry it out. He queen sent for Lord John unable to face difficulties chiefly arising from the distrust in which Palmerston was held by the queen and many members of bis own party. Peel resumed power, and on 26 June 1846 the corn-law bill passed its third rending in the Lords, but on the same night the government was defeated on the second reading of a coercion bill for Ireland, and Peel's resignation followed. Lord John Russell formed a new ministry, and the queen, with much misgirimr, agreed to Palmenton's return to the foreign office. In the meantime the Princess Helena was bora, 25 May 1846. In 1844 the queen bad purchased the estate of Osbornr. in the Isle of Wight; the foundations of her palace there were laid in 1845, and the whole was completed, 1851. In 1848 the queen leased Balmoral House, and purchased it in 1862, when Balmoral Oastle was begun: it was finished In 1854. Here a part of every spring and autumn was spent during the rest of the queen's life. In June 1849 the queen made her first vfeit to Ireland, going by sea from Cowcs to the Cove of Cork, on which she bestowed the name of QuceiiKtown. Subsequently she stayed four days in Dublin. Her third sou, Arthur, waa born on 1 May 1850. Meanwhile the breach between the foreign minister, Palmertton, and the crown had been growing wider, and in 1850 the queen was compelled to state definitely tar demand* in regard to his future conduct. Kite required, tir.-tly. tliat he hhouU inform her distinctly of hi* pro. posed course of action in any given ease, and, secondly. that be should not arbitrarily modify or alter any measure which had once received her sanction. Palmerrton affected pained surprUe: but his method of procedure underwent no permanent change. IB February 1851 the govern rnent was out voted on a question of electoral reform. and Lord John Russell resigned. The conservative leader, Lord Stanley, afterwards Lord Derby, declined to form a In this year the queen threw herself with great uplrit into the menu connected with the Great Exhibition. The removal of Palmerston from toe ministry followed at the end of this year, and WM a source of relief to the queen. On I Deo. Prince Louis Napoleon, by a coup ftint, made himself absolute head of the French government The Lord John viewed with detestation Napoleon's accession to power;inl tin- mean* ot" it- accomplishment. Palmerston, however, expressed his approbation to the French ain!a~sador Walewski, without communicating j either with the queen or with his colleagues. lrd John. who proposed that for the present Knirland should rxu-nd to Napoleon the coldest neutrality, summarily demanded Palmerston's resignation. The seals of the foreign office were accordingly transferred to the queen's friend. Lord Granville. Early in 1862 a militia bill occasioned tindefeat and consequent resignation of the ministry. Lord Derby formed a conservative government, with Disraeli as chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the House of Commons. A general election in July left the conservatives In the minority. The Duke of Wellington died on 14 Sept. In December Disraeli's budget was rejected by a small majority, and Lord Derby resigned. A coalition ministry of conservatives and liberals was formal by the queen's wish by Lord Aberdeen, the foreign and home offices being taken respectively by Clarendon and Palmers ton. An alliance between England mid France became inevitable kite in 1853, owing to the position of affairs in eastern Europe. In the autumn Russia pushed her claims to protect the Greek Christians of the Turkish empire with such violence as to extort from Turkey a declaration of war. British popular opinion demanded the immediate intervention of England in behalf of Turkey. Napoleon offered to join his army with that of England, and the king of Sardinia promised to follow his example. But other foreign sovereigns endeavoured privately to influence the queen in favour of peace. Her attitude to all her continental correspondents was irreproachable, but the rumour spread that she and her husband were employing their foreign intimacies against the country's interest: and as the winter of 1853-4 progressed without any signs of decisive action on the part of the English government, popular indignation burst in its fullest fury on the head of Prince Albert. The tide of abuse was temporarily checked when, 27 Feb. 1854, the queen announced in the House of Lords the breakdown of negotiations with Russia. War was formally declared next day, and France and Sardinia renewed their promises of alliance. The queen evinced great personal interest in the progress of the Crimean war, and initiated or supported all manner of voluntary measures for the comfort of the troops. In January 1855 the government was defeated on a hostile motion for inquiry into the management of the war, and the queen reluctantly bade Palmerston form an administration; subsequently, however, she gave him her full confidence, and when the treaty of peace was signed, 30 March 1856, she acknowledged that the successful issue of the war was mainly due to him. In April 1855 the Emperor Napoleon visited the queen at Windsor, and was dissuaded from his intention of taking command In person of the French troops in the Crimea. In May the queen distributed with her own hands war medals to the returned soldiers, a function that had not previously been performed by sovereigns. In August the queen and Prince Albert visited the emperor at Paris; this was the first occasion on which an English sovereign had entered the French capital since the infant Henry VI went to be crowned in 1422. In June 1856 the queen instituted the Victoria Cross for acts of conspicuous valour in war, and herself decorated the first recipients on 26 June 1857. On 26 June 1857 the queen conferred on Prince Albert the title of prince consort. During this year (1867) the progress of the Indian mutiny caused the queen acute distress. In February Palmerston resigned on the defeat of a bill making conspiracy to murder, hitherto a misdemeanor, a felony; this bad been introduced in consequence of a plot hatched in England to destroy the emperor and empress of the French by an explosive bomb which was thrown in the Opera House in i-iris. Lord Derby formal a new ministry. In August the queen visited Napoleon at Cherbourg, and afterwards made an extended tour in Germany. On 25 Jan. 1868 her eldest daughter, the princess royal, married Prince Frederick, afterwards Crown Prince of Prussia. While the Indian mutiny was in course of suppression the East India Company was abolished, ite territories and powers transferred to the crown, and the administration placed in the bands of the secretary of state, who was assisted by a council of fifteen. The scheme for the actual reorganisaf the Indian government, in which the queen was deeply interested, received the royal assent, 2 Aug. 18W. The queen's tranquillity of mind was at this time greatly disturbed by the part Napoleon was playing in European polities. He had threatened to join the king of Sardinia in an endeavour to expel Austria from Lombardy and Venetia. The prospect of war between France and A ust ria gave the queen peculiar anxiety owing to Austria's proximity to Prussia, with vlio-e reigning lions her daughter had recently become allied by marriage. Austria took the initiative by declaring war on Sardinia, and Napoleon immediately entered the field in behalf of Sardinia. The queen was successful in dissuading Prussia from interference. The prompt triumph of French arms brought hostilities to a close, but the queen's fears of tinsequel were increased by a change of ministry, whirl* brought Palmerston into power as premier, and Russell as foreign secretary. Palmerston and Russell agreed in a resolve to serve the interests of Italy at fche expense of Austria. The queen, however, contrived to persuade her ministers to adopt a policy of strict neutrality. In May 1859 a volunteer force was called into existence, und in July 1860 the queen personally inaugurated the National Ride Association as a complement to the volunteer movement; ii the same year she instituted the queen's prize (250Z.), which was thenceforth awarded annually. In September 1860 the queen and prince consort made a second journey to Coburg to visit Stockmar. who had lived there in retirement since 1857. On 4 Feb. 18(51 the queen opened parliament in person; this was the last occasion in which she delivered with her own voice the speech from the throne. On 16 March the queen's mother dial at Frogtnore after a brief illness. In the later mouths of this year the health of the prince consort gradually failed. Early in December he persuaded the British ministers to adopt a conciliatory attitude towards the United States respecting the Trent affair, and on 14 Dec. he died. The sense of desolation which the queen experienced on her husband's death never Vholly left her. She long remained in retirement, and never ceased to wear mourning for him. In the two years that followed her bereavement she lived in complete seclusion, but engaged assiduously in official work. General the Hon. Charles Grey, a younger son of the second Earl Grey, who had been since 1846 private secretary to the prince consort, was appointed to the same post in the queen's service, and continued in this capacity until his death in 1870. His place, was then taken by General Sir Henry Ponsonby, who died in 1895, and was succeeded by Colonel Sir Arthur Bigge, who survived the queen. On 1 July 1862 the queen attended, in deep mourning, the marriage of Princess Alice to Prince Louis of Hesse. At the close of this year it was proposed to confer the crown of Greece upon her second son. Prince Alfred. The offer caused her much perplexity. The crown was finally given to George, son of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-SonderburgGlucksburg (who became king of Denmark on 15 Nov. 1863); he was brother of the affianced bride of the Prince of Wales. The marriage of the Prince of Wales took place, 10 March 1863. The queen visited Germany in the autumn, and while at Coburg had an interview with the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, who was returning from Frankfurt, where a conference of German sovereigns had been held to consider a form of confederation of the German states, which seemed likely to exclude Prussia. The queen endeavoured to influence the emperor of Austria in behalf of Prussia. Towards the close of 1863. the queen gave close attention to the struggle brought about by the conflicting claims of Germany and Denmark to the duchies of Schleswig-Holstein. Her 93'mpathies were with Germany, while those of her ministers and people were with the Dane-!. J U February 1864 hostilities broke out between Austria and Prussia on the one hand and Denmark on the other. The Danes wcrr promptly defeated. The queen succeeded in enforcing oi her government a policy of strict neutrality. In June the German allies occupied the disputed duchies. Meanwhile a feeling had been growing throughout the country that the queen's prolonged.seclusion was contrary to the nation's interest. She replied guardedly tothe popular outcry in a letter to The Times newspaper (1864), stating her desire to meet the wishes of her subjects so far as her health, strength, and spirits might allow. The queen was acutely distressed at the deaths of Palmerston on 18 Oct. 1865, and of King Leopold oi 10 Dec. Palmorston's place as prime minister was: by Lord John Russell. On 10 Feb. 1860 the queen opened

[335] Victoria 1343

[336] Victoria parliam.-iit in JHT-OII. LuU-r in the year the dispute* between 1'ru-siu and Au-trui in rtv.irl io tin- Anal allotment of Hi.: conquers.In,-!. o power*. m:ill. pivv.-ut war. In June war wan doolaml, and the queen's perplexity was increased by the defeat and ubquent on of Russell's government on the qumtiou o( n-lunn..: t),,-:. he dil.Inn,, l.srs. I,, July tlir con Lord Derby, formed a nev. -rueli a* flume* !.. iiequer and leader of the liotue of Commons. I'mssia 1.! tritmiph in the war WM quickly n cou verted Into a Prussian province, and b the -.L.-tory at Hadowa. near K motto which aiowl at a complete reform * the civil Use. The propoeal WM rejected by a !an majority,: -:..,...--.:-..., t:.-,.... i....:.... ,:.:-.!....-:.-... -. . to take hU place be return In Jaii.hir, r tbe qumrssramd son. Prtnoe Alfred. and Dot-he* Mart* ..-..-.,-.:....;.:.. .:....,,-:; -....;.-..., ;..trliamrnt WM dissolved ant a conservative ,-..., n.u.nt MM,..,.,.r. i t.,,.;.,.;,... minuter. With DivaeU the queen WM la eoaipUt lHt by. aud it WM In conformity with bis new* in .::...,......... :: July I--.i-.). Ti---.t was rin:illy pla.-od at Uie uofl ! l.-r...tiuencc in 1875 to M vert tbe i'r M "f V;.:,-.. r-; -..:.,,J:!.,-:.,:,.:,. !.. 4 ) ject of perpetuating her huRbaod's memory, state tour through Indiu, aud in Kay 1x76 the deajflisued In 1867 a minute account of the early nation of Bmprees of India WM conferred en her by prince consort, which bad been prepared the Royal Titles BilL In February Iff*, and aain te the whole o; north iermany. and Austria WM OOmpeUed to retire from the German confederation. Wit lithe ob ji the.,;i,vn published hi 1867 a minute at the - direction by her private secretary, General Grey. :, continuation of this biography irtiu; this work appeared in five 1874 11. The queen'sLeave* from a Journal of our Life in the Highlands, 1848-61 appeared privately in 1867, and,.-.ibb-ly in 1868. A second port,More Leaves followed in 1883, covering the years 1862-88. lu February 1867 tbe queen opened parliament in l-r-..n. In May of the same year she laid the foundation of the Royal Albert Hall, which WM erecteU in her husband's memory. I n this year she encouraged the threatened between Fraoov and Germany. la 187 the rebrmrj 18TT, fee In 1876-8 tbe queen gave much attention to the of affairs in eastern Europe. Tbe subject race* c , Turkish empire in the Balkans had threatened tbe with revolt in 1874, and there WM the likelihood that ..i, to serve her own end*, might come to the i rescue of tin? insurgent-. uton's policy of 18*4, and derlarud that British required the maintenance of the sultan's authority Inviolate. Gladstone, who had in 1876 announced his i ment from public life, emerged from bis ment to settle the question of franchise, and DUraelti's I oppose the bestowal on Turkey of any the,,iuvii received visit* fromthe kbedive of Egypt aud dissuade Russia from interference, and on Russia's deok reform snd Disraeli's oppose tbe bestowal on In July 1867 I Tbe queen used, without of Egypt and dissuade Russia from int ,_...!: w.*i. *.* -...;i. TV.. success, her Wh M to the sultan of Turkey. In February 1868 Disraeli became ! ration of war with Turkey, April 1877, she firmly *m primc minister in succession to Lord Derby. In April ported Beaconsfleld in a diplomatic straggle which Gladstone brought forward his first utid main resolution in favour of tbe disestablishment of the Irish rhnrcb. The government rwuted him aud was defeated, and DiMu.ii tendered his resignation. On 6 May Disraeli announced in parliament that the queen had decided, on her own responsibility, to reject bis resignation, and to dissolve parliament as soon as the arrangement* for appeal to tbe electors, newly enfranchised under the reform bill, v, r. complete. Disraeli's action in giving the queen tlie choice of two alternatives excited hostile comment. In August she paid lier first visit to Switzerland, travelling incognito under the name of the Countess of Kent. In a general election at the close of this year Disraeli's government wa* defeated. In December Gladstone became prime minister. The first measure wbi-b be introduced wu tbe bill for the disestablishment of tbe Irish church, and despite her disapproval of it the queen recogni.-ed that its adoption was inevitable. Accordingly ehe exerted, through Archbishop Tait, her influence against the opposition of tbe House of Lords, and the bill was passed (June 1869). hi 187U the queen watched with close attention the struggle between France and Germany, and when, in .;ioleon declared war, she regarded his action as wholly unjustified. On his overthrow, however, she welcomed tbe Empnss Kuuvnie to England, ami wlu-n the -mpiTor joined tbe empress at Chislehnrst, 1871, the queen extruded to him a sympathy which continued until bis death, 9 Jan. Ih7:i. In 1870 Oardwell, tbe secretary for war, instituted a scheme for the reorganisation of the army, and on 28 June, with some reluctance, the quwn brought Russia to the brink of boxtilitir* witb ITlntort The qu.-t u.n WM settled by tbe congress of Berlin, June 1878, when Beaoonsfield, who acted M English envoy, obtained, in bis own phrase. * peace with honour In April 1879 the queen paid her first vteit to Italy, staying at Baveno on Lago Maggiore. Tbe queen again opened parliament in person in February 1880, and in ilHi-ch, after the dissolution, *be visited Germany. The ciiMiing election brought tbe liberals into power, and the queen reluctantly commissioned Gladstone to form a ! government. She WM seriously perturbed by plan* for the further reorganisation of the army. BbewM unre , milling in her admonitions to tbe government to take vigorous steps in Afghanistan. 188(1, and in the Transvaal. 1H80-1, and the policy of peace which followed the defeat ,f i,, n-TaU-olley at Majubn Hill, 28 Feb. 1881., with her views. On 10 April 1881 ~ the queen treated his. lorn M During the war in Kgypt occasioned by Arabi Pwlia'a rebellion (1882) tbe queen t-ontiuued to urge her minister* to energetic action. After UK pacification of Egypt he devised a new decoration of the royal red crow for nurses who bad rendered efficient service in war. The queen's life was for the fifth time threatened by assMsinatioo at Windsor on 2 March 1883, when Roderick Maclean, a lunatic, fired a pistol at her, fortunately without.-fleet. On 4 Doc. 1882 the queen inaugurated tbe new law court* in tbe.-traud. In 1883-4 Egypt, which WM now cally administered by England, became the ee . anxieties. In 1883 the inhabitant* of tbe revolted. Tbe English ministry deokied to Signed an order in council deposing the commnndcr-in- territory, but undertook to relieve several Egyptian garchief from his place of sole and immediate dcK-iiiltiin% risons remaining in the Soudan in portions of groat peril. immediate depe 6n the crown. Later in the year her mini prerogative to be exercised in order to circumvent the i of the House of Lords to a bill passed in the House of Commons for the abolition of military promotion by purchase. She opened parliament in pen r i;iry I.s71. On 21 March Princess Louise was married i taienil Gordon WM despatched to Khartoum, the capital of the disturbed district, -*itha vte- to negotiation with the rebels. He WM besieged in Khartoum by the malidiV forces. Tbe queen repeatedly wanted tbe government of the necessity for sending him relief, and in the autumn of 1884 a British army WM sent out under Ixmi Marquis of Lome, eldest son of the Duke of but Gordon was killed before a rescue could be uueuew. Argyll: this was the first time in English history tliat I The queen reproached her minister, with the.death of the sovereign sanctioned the union of a princess with one who was not a member of a reiguiug house since Mary. sist. r of limn VIII, married, in 1518, Cbarlea Ir.iiVion. duke of Suffolk. During this period much ant i tostered in oertaiu clansro of the coumiuii 1. In March 1872 Sir ChudM W. -csi, introduced into parliament a Gordon, which she regarded as a public dimeter. Through, out 1885 she maintained her intend in the operations in the Soudan. The queen U-nt IK r upjmrt to the Franchise Bill, which, after some opposition from the lords, WM passed concurrently with the Redistribution of Seat* BUI I,, tor. tJM.!M-i:." PH MM - Be* tb.- -;" " of 1886 ut Aix-le*-Baiiu,aud on her return jouruej vWti Darmstadt and made the acquaintance of Prince Henry of Itattenberir. who on23 July married the queen's youngest daughter. Princess Beatrice. lu June the government was defeatel on its budget proposals, and Gladstone resigned. Lord Salisbury at once took office as prime minuter, but the fSMMl elwtiou which followed the dissolution iu November loft the conservatives in a minority, and in January 1S86 Salisbury's government was outvoted. Five day* previously the queen had opened parliament in person, as it proved, for the last time. Gladstone resumed power, and at once committed his party to the policy of home rule for Ireland. The queen disliked the proposal, and Gladstone's Home Rule Bill wa* decisively rejected by the House of Commons (7 June). At Gladstone's instance parliament was dissolved; be resigned without meeting the new parliament, where his party was small, and Lord Salisbury for the second time formed a government. In this year (1886) the queen manifested great interest in the Colonial and India exhibition at South Kensington organised by the Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward VII). On 21 June 1887 and the following days she took part in the public ceremonies in celebration of her jubilee, and on 6 July abe laid the foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute, which wan erected by public subscription to commemorate the fifty years of her reign. In March 1888 the queen for the first time visited Florence, anil afterwards proceeded to Charlottenburg, the palace of the dying Emperor Frederick. In March 1889 she stayed at Biarritz, and thence visited the queenregent of Spain at San Sebastian. This was the first occasion on which an English sovereign had visited that country, though Charles I and Charles II went thither as princes. In July the approaching majority of the Prince of Wales's eldest son and the approaching marriage of his eldest daughter compelled the queen to appeal to parliament on the question of suitable provision for the third generation of her family. Precedent justified public provision for all children of the sovereign's sons, and the queen agreed to forego any demand in behalf of her daughterschildren. The matter was settled, with Gladstone's assistance, by a grant to the Prince of Wale3 of 36.000J. annually for his children's support. Gladstone's intervention was always remembered by the queen with gratitude. In August 1889 she welcomed her grandson, the German emperor, William 1 1, on his first visit to England since his accession to the throne. The emperor caused the queen to be gazetted honorary colonel of his first regiment of horse guard-, on which he bestowed the title of Queen of Englandt- Own. In 1802 a general election returned a majority of home rulers, and Gladstone filled the post of prime minister for the fourth time. In September 1893 bis Home llule Bill, which had passed through the House of Commons, was rejected by the House of Lords. In March 1894 the queen accepted Gladstone's resignation and chose Lord Kosebery to succeed him. In this year the government made further changes in the war office, which strictly limited to five years the tenure of the post of Commander-in-chief, and thus finally disposed of the queen's cherished fiction that the head of the army was her permanent personal deputy. The ministry fell in Jane, and Lord Salisbury resumed office as premier and foreign secretary, with Mr. Chamberlain as colonial secretary. In the spring of 1895 the queen was at Cannes, in 189C and 1897 at Nice, and in 1898 and 1899 at Cimiez. On 22 June 1897 she took part in a state procession through London to celebrate her diamond Jubilee the completion of the sixtieth year of her rule. During the closing years of her reign the queen gave close attention to the numerous expeditious in which her armies were engaged, and she was gratified when the rebellion in the Soudan was finally crashed at the battle of Orndurman, 2 Sept. 1898. On the outbreak of the Boer war in 1899, when she was convinced that the peace which she was always anxious to preserve could not be maintained, she exerted her utmost energy to urge her ministers to conduct hostilities with all possible promptitude and effect. To encourage her soldiers he went, in the spring of 1900, for tlie fourth time to Ireland, whence the armies in the field had been largely recruited. She held her last drawing-room in Buckingbam Palace, 4 May. She gave her assent to the Australian commonwealth bill, 27 Aug. In October a general election was deemed necessary by the government, and on the return of a conservative majority Lord Salisbury remained prime minister, but resigned the foreign secreteiysuip to Lord Lanado-.vne, formerly iaiaiter of war. Throughout the summer the queen experienced acute distress at the accounts of suffering which reached her from South Africa, and her personal sympathy with her troop* Wai intensifiedby the death of her grandson, Prince Christian Victor of Schlcswi-Holstoin, from enter, c fever contracted in active service. In the autumu of 1900 the queen showed signs of general physical decay, and on 22 Jan. 1901 she died. Her body was conveyed with military honours from Osborue through London to Windsor, and was placed (4 Feb.) in the mausoleum at Frogmore, which had been completed in 1868, and already contained the remains of her husband. On the day following her death her eldest son was proclaimed King Edward VII. Among the most notable portraits of the queen are paintings or drawings by Sir William Beechey, R.A., 1821; Sir George Hayter, 1833 and 1838; Sir David Wilkie, 1839; Sir Edwin Landseer, 1839 and 1866; F. Winterhalter, 1845 and other years; Baron H. von Angeli, 1875 (of which a copy by Lady Abercromby is iu j the National Portrait Gallery, London), 1885, and 1897; and M. Benjamin Constant, 1900. Sculptured presentations include a bust by Behnes, 1827; a plaster bust by Sir Edgar Boehm (in National Portrait Gallery); a statue at Winchester by Mr. Alfred Gilbert, R.A.; and a statue at Manchester by Mr. Onslow Ford, R.A. A. national memorial in sculpture to be designed by Mr. Thomas Brock, K.A., with an architectural setting by Mr. Aston Webb, A.R.A., is to be placed in the Mall opposite Buckingham Palace.

[337] Robert Studley Vidai (1770–1841), antiquary; a Devonshire squire; barrister, Middle Temple; benefactor of St. John's College, Cambridge.

[338] William Vidlee (1758–1816), universalist : in dependent preacher, 1777; baptist minister, 1780; adopted universalist views, 1792; became a Unitarian, 1802; minister of a chapel, Battle, 1780-96, and in London, 1794-1815; a bookseller, 1796-1806; joint-editor of a theological magazine, 1797-1805.

[339] Robert de Vieuxpont or Vipont (de Veteriponte) (d. 1228), baron of Westmorland; one of King John's evil counsellors; gaoler of Arthur of Brittany at Rouen, 1203; granted barony of Appleby or Westmorland, and lordships in Yorkshire and Normandy, 1 203; sheriff of various English counties, 1207-13: in attendance on John in Ireland, 1210; fought in Wales, 1212; supported John against the barons; joint-custodian for John of Yorkshire castles, 1216; surrendered the castles he held, 1223; justice itinerant, 1219 and 1226.

[340] John Francis Vigani (1650?–1712), chemist; born at Verona; travelled in Spain, France, Holland; published Medulla Chymite Danzig, 1682; taught chemistry at Cambridge from 1683; professor of chemistry, 1703-12.

[341] Denis Benjamin Viger (1774–1861), Canadian statesman; educated at Montreal: a barrister; member f the Montreal legislature, 1808-38; came to England to state the French Canadian case, 1828-30; imprisoned for seditious newspaper articles, 1838-40; member of the Canadian legislature, 1841-55; in the ministry, 1843-6; LL.D., 1855; published pamphlets.

[342] Jacques Viger (1787–1858), Canadian antiquary: educated at Montreal; served in the militia, 1812-15: lieutenant-colonel: mayor of Montreal, 1833; collected materials for the history of Canada.

[343] Gudbrandr Vigfxjsson (1828–1889), Icelandic scholar; born and educated in Iceland; went to Copenhagen, 1843; worked in the Arna-Maguxan Scandinavian library; publishedTimatul a chronology of Icelandic literature, 1855; edited sagas and folk-lore, 1858-87; came to Oxford, 1866: edited Richard Clcasby's Icelandic dictionary, 1873; joint-editor of theCorpus Poeticum Boreale 1883: lecturer on Icelandic, Oxford University. 1884; published philological papers.

[344] Vighard (d. 664). See Wighard

[345] Godfrey Thomas Vigne (1801–1863), traveller ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1824; published narratives of his travels in the United States, 1831, Central Asia, 1832-9, Mexico and Central America, 1852.

[346] Vignoles Cimil.r.- I'.LUKKH 0798–1876), ; urti.-l.-l to H -olu-itor. I*i7; entered Sandhurst, lulu: N-rvi-i in tl.-army, ISlft-lfi lieutenant, 1S15:.-iitfaged on the South Carolina surrey, 1816-23; u l.-u.liiur.nUay -. -.5: professor . University College, London, 1-1. : published geographical and

[347] Vigor 3, NICHOLAS AYLWARD zoologist; of Trinity College, Oxford; ensign m t,,Peninsula, 1809-11; M.A. Oxford, 1818; D.C.I*, 1811; S26; F.S.A.; u oo. Carlow, 1828; Irish kp.,0arlow. 1831, oo. Carlow, 1837-40; puhlUhai papers on birds, 1815-89.

[348] William Anne Villettes (1764–1808), lieotenantr-general: educated at Bath and St Andrews l mv.rsity; entered the army, 1775; lieut ty: 1791; lieutenant-general, 1806"; served at Toulon, 1791, In Corsica, 1794-*, and In Portugal, 1796; governor of Malta, 1801-7; governor of Jamaica, 1807; died there.

[349] Villiers (afterwards P.VLMKII), BARBAIIA, countess OF CASTLEMAINK and Duchess of CLEVKLAND ( 1641-1709), daoghter of William Villiers, Grandisou (t. 1648); a London beauty, 1666: married Roger Palmer (d. 1706), 1W9; mistress of Charles II, 1660; Countess of Castlemalne by band's elevation to the Irish peerage, 1661; I liuly of the bedchamber on Queen Catherine, 1662: assigned rooms in Whitehall; procured the dismissal of Sir Edward Nicholas, secretary of state, 1661; her miscellaneous amours notorious, 1662: embraced Romanism, 1663: accompanied the court to Oxford, 1666; instrumental in securing Clarendon's dismissal, 1667; trafficked In the sale of court places and offices; pensioned, 1669; created Ducbes* of Cleveland, 1670; supplanted In Charles IFs graces by Louise Henee de Keroualle. 1674: resided In Paris, 1677-84; obtained the dismissal of Hulph Montagu, ambassador at Paris, 1678: married Robert FeiMinir, 17U6 (marriage annulled, 1707); resided Utterly at Chiswick. Of her children Charlc* II acknowledged the paternity of (1) Anne (afterwards Countess of Sussex), born 1661: (2) Charles (duke of Southampton X born 1662: (8) Henry (duke of Grafton), born 163; (4) Charlotte (afterwards countess of Lichfield), bom 16C4: (6) George (duke of Northumberland X born 1665. Parbara, born 1678, was popularly assigned to John Churchill; and a boy, born 1686, to Oardounell Goodman, an actor.

[350] Charles Pelh Am Villiers (1802–1898), statesman: educated at HaiUybury ami St. Jolin's College, Cambridge (B.A.. 1824): adopted Jeremy Bentham's political views, 1825: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1827; assistant poor-law commissioner, 1832: official of the court of clianccry, 1833-52: M.P., Wolverhampton, 18351898; declared for free-trade, 1x36: moved a resolution against the corn-law. 1838, repeating it year by year till its abolition in 1846: sat on the parliamentary committee on the import duties on corn, iH-to: juh?e-advocate p-m.-r.xl, 1852-8: privy councillor, 1853; president of the poor-law board, 1859-66: in receipt of an ex-minister pension, 180fi till death: his statute erected in Wolverhampton, 187'J: opposed home rule for Ireland: last speech in parliament, 1883. 1691; envoy to Holland. 16M, 1697. and to Paris, 1 W-i: oreated Karl of Jersey. lft7; a lent in*tioeof Irdaad 1607-9; secretary of state, 1700-1; kmi chamberlain. hrniH

[351] VrLLEERS, CHRISTOPHER, first EAUL OK 8KY (153?-1630), younger brother of George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham: gentleman of the bedchamber to James I, 1617: master of the robes: enriched by a pension, by traffic in places, by Illegal monopolies, and patent*; created Barou Villlers of DavtMitry ami hail vf Anglesey, 1C23.

[352] Sir Edward Villiers (1585?–162C). president , half-brother of George Villiers, first (: knighUii. 1616; master of theniut, i."J md lf.24-5; comptroller of the court . Westminster, 1620-5: envoy to the elector palatine, 1690 and 1621: president of Munster, :.jx)lies and patents.

[353] Edward Villiers, first Earl of Jersey (1666 171.. bnkLer of Blixabeth Villiers: master of :urM to Qneen Mary II. 1689: knight marshal of the hou. created Viscount Villiers of Dartford,

[354] Villiers I.LIXBETH. (1657 7-1788). styled* Mrs. V OomrraM or OUKKT .., Mary to HHland M mali of hoooor, 1677; at !,- PriMi -I On -..... to Hhsji A. (!, 1689; granted portion of JaoMS Hit Irish esUtes, *b (grant MMOWT !); poisoosa William Ill's mind against Marlborough; oa*t off by William, 1IN; mariia..,.:l...i Z v.:. ifa Pm 'Pimm I-': V ;':'; ;ntm

[355] Fhanooi Villiers 8HUBT (1772?-1813). portrait-painter ami etcher; born In Paris; son of a French n-.r,,...- i; k i.t, H I!... SjAMMJ:.l Ms, l'V9 m. MMfcdil I.M,.I,,:: AoUMMthOTt MM 13. riviii.317

[356] Villiers 8m GEORGB (d, 1606), knight, of Brooksby; sheriff of Leicestershire, 1891; marrisdf second wife) Mary Beaumont (created in 1618 Countess of Buckingham, L 1680

[357] George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham; (1592-1628), court favourite; for a page's place; risited France, duced to James I, 1614; appointed cupbearer. 1614; gentleman of the bedchamber, 1616; knighted and psnsioned; marter of the bone, 1616; K.O., 1616; Viscount Villiers, 1616, and given an Karl of Buckingham, 1617, and Marquis of Ingham, 1618; "married a Romanist, Lady Katherint Manners, 162O: obtained the dismissal of his court rivals, the Howard family. 1618; undertook the administration, acting himself as lord high admiral. 1619; advl.l an expedition to the Palatinate, 1620, but intrigued with Gondomar. thei dor, to defeat it, 1610 and 1611; parUaw.. u, its censure of the monopolies In which hi* brother, had speculated, by his disowning bis broth* himself behind James 1% name, and shrank from supporting Bacon, 1611; by Laud from professing Romanism, 1611; forced James I ami Prince Charles to the Madrid journey. 1628; Jarrived with Charles at Madrid; quarrelled with the SpanWTcooTt, and left Madrid, August 1623; had been created Duke of Buckingham, 1623, in his absence; fading to force the council into war with Spain, 1614, had. , and the Spanish negotiations broken off; became warden of the Cinque ports, 1624; originally urged on the match with Henrietta Maria, 1624-5; took offence, 162ft, on Richelieu's refusal of his terms, and grossly liwulted King I Louis: the expedition under Count Mansfeki sent by him 1 to the Palatinate a few months before (January 161ft) a failure; supplies refused by parliament if he was to have the sole conduct of the war. July, on which it was dissolved, August 162; the squadron tent by him to Richelieu used contrary to his hopes by the French minister against Rochelle, 1625: irritated the French by setting on . foot search for contraband of war; the Cadi* expedition under his favourite, Sir Edward Cecil, a failure, October I 1625: promised large subsidies to Denmark and Holland. IS, and planned the reh, f of Rochdle. 1626; the parliament of Februar ed, June 16, to prevent it carrying out bis impeachment: bis overture* to Spain for peace rejected, February 1617: sent Feunlnftoa to makeTar on French -hipping in March 1627; personally sailed to relieve Rochelle, June, but failed shamefully. July-October 1627, and was Infatuated enough to reject French propoflil* for pence, December 1627; urged Charles I to raise a standing army, partly of German mercenaries, January 128; l-y th of the ction against him prerenteii parliament which had votal lad June 1628; urged on a new RooheUa expedition ts assassinated by John Fdton (169ft 7-1628) q. T.) r, at PorUmouth.

[358] George Villieks , second Don or BOCK (1628-1687), son of George Vtttion, first duke of Buckingham; succeeded. August U; brought up with Cbarl Ps children: studied at Trinity Ooltap.Gambridge; M.A., 1642; joined Charles I In Oxford, winter, 1642; served under Rupert, IMS; travelled In Italy; received back hi sequestered estates, on the plea of youth, 1647: joined the Surrey insurgents, wus routed at St. Neot*, and fled to Holland, 16-18; his estates definitely confiscated, 1651; admitted privy councillor, 1650; nrirtil conciliation of the presbyterians; accompanied Charles 1 1 to Scotland, 1660, and to Worcester, 1651; escaped to Holland, 1651; tried to make peace with parliament, 1652 and 1653; was in disgrace with the queen-mother. 1G52, with Charles II, 1654, and Clarendon, 1656: returned to England, 1667; married Fairfax's daughter, 1657; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1658-9; recovered estates at the Restoration; gentleman of the bedchamber, 1660-7; lordlieutenant of the West Hiding, 1661-7; privy councillor, 166fr-7: intrigued against Clarendon, 1663-7; served at sea against the Dutch, 1665; influential member of the Cabal administration, 1667-9; advocated alliance with France and toleration at home: seduced the Countess of Shrewsbury and mortally wounded the earl in a duel, January 1668, but was pardoned, February; master of the horse, by pur chase, July 1668; at feud with York and with Ormonde; displaced by Arlington in Charles II's confidence and kept ignorant of the private negotiations with Louis, April 1669, and the secret treaty of Dover, May 1670; euvoy to PAris, July 1670, to the Prince of Orange, and to Paris, June 1672: lieutenant-general, May 1673; quarrelled openly with Arlington, 1673, whom Charles supported; being attacked by the Lords for the Shrewsbury scandal, and by the Commons for the French treaty, January 1674, was dismissed from his offices; joined the country party; opposed the non-resistance oath, and moved a bill to relieve protestant dissenters, 1675; prisoner in the Tower of London, 1677; intrigued against Charles II getting supplies, 1678-9, and laboured to have a whig parliament; disapproved of the Exclusion Bill, 1680-1; the Zimri of Dryden'sAbsalom and Achitophel 1681; restored to court favour, 1683; published pamphlets in favour of toleration, 1685; lived in retirement in Yorkshire, 1686. He had dabbled in chemistry, and spent much in building and laying out gardens. He wrote verses, satires, and some pieces for the stage, particularly The Rehearsal brought out 1671, ridiculing contemporary dramatists. His Miscellaneous Works were first collected, 1704-6.

[359] George Bussy Villiees , fourth EARL OF J HUSKY and seventh VISCOUNT GRANDISON (1735-1805), styled * Viscount Grandison by courtesy; M.P., Tarnworth, 1756-65, Aldborough, 1765-8, Dover, 1768-9; vice-chamberlain of the household, 1765; succeeded to the earldom, 1769; held various offices at court from 1769.

[360] George Child Villiees -, fifth EARL OF JERSEY and eighth VISCOUNT GRANDISON (1773-1859), son of George Bussy Villiers, fourth earl of Jersey; stj'led by courtesy Viscount Grandison; educated at Harrow; % M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1794; married, 1804, the prospective heiress of the banker Robert Child, and assumed, 1819, Child as an additional name; succeeded to earldom, 1805 held court offices.

[361] George William Frederick Villiees , fourth EARL OF CLARENDON and fourth BARON HYDE (1800-1870), entered the diplomatic service; attache at St. Petersburg, 1820; a commissioner of customs, 1823; negotiated a commercial treaty with France, 1831; ambassador at Madrid, 1833-9; succeeded his uncle in the peerage, 1838; lord privy seal, 1839-41; president of the board of trade, 1846; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1847-52; foreign minister, 1853-8, and so responsible for the Crimean war and the terms of the treaty of Paris (1856); chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1864; foreign minister, 1865-6 and 1868-70, and so responsible (1869) for the terms of the Alabama settlement.

[362] Henry Montagu Villiers (1813–1861), bishop of Durham; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1830-8; M.A., 1837; D.D., 1856: vicar of Kenilworth, 1837; rector of 8k George's, Bloomsbury, London, 1841-56; canon of St. Paul's, London, 1847-56; bishop of Carlisle, 1856: translated to Durham, 1860; published sermons and charges.

[363] John Villiers, Viscount Purbeck (1591?–1657), elder brother of George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham fa. v:; knighted, 1616; groom of the bedchamber to Prince Charles, 1616: created Viscount Purbeck, 1619; insane, 1620; deserted (1621) by his wife, who had a son by Sir Robert Howard, 1624 see Robert Danvers, called Viscount Purbeck; married again.

[364] John Villiees (1677?–1723), styling himself Viscount Purbeck and, after 1687, third earl of Buckingham married, c. 1700; unsuccessfully claimed the earldom, 1709 and 1720.

[365] John Charles Villiers, third Earl of Clarendon (1757–1838), second son of Thomas Villiers, first earl of Clarendon; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1776: LL.D., 1833; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1779; M.P., Old Sarum, 1784-90, Dartmouth, 1790-1802, Wick burghs, 1802-5, Queenborough, 1807-12 and 1820-4; privy councillor, 1787; comptroller of the household, 1787; warden of forests north of Trent, 1790; colonel of yeomanry, 1794; ambassador to Portugal, 1808-10: succeeded his brother hi the peerage, 1824.

[366] Robert Villiees, called Viscount Purbeck, 1621?-1674.

[367] Thomas Villiers, first Earl of Clarendon (1709-1786), second son of William Villiers, second earl of Jersey; educated at Cambridge: envoy to Warsaw, 1737, to Dresden, 1740, to Vienna, 1742, and to Warsaw, 1744; arranged peace between Frederick the Great and Augustus of Saxony, 1745; ambassador at Berlin, 1746-8; M.P., Tamworth, 1747-56; created Baron Hyde of Hindon, June 1756; privy councillor, 1763; held minor ministerial offices; created Earl of Clarendon, 1776; created a count in Prussia, 1782.

[368] Thomas Hyde Villiers (1801–1832), politician; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1825; in the colonial office, 1822-5; agent for Berbice and Newfoundland; disciple of John Stuart Mill; M.P., Hedon, 1826-30, Wootton Bassett, 1830, and Bletchingley, 1831; travelled in Ireland, 1828.

[369] William Villiers, second Earl of Jersey (1682?-1721), son of Edward Villiers, first earl of Jersey ; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1700; M.P., Kent, 1705-8.

[370] Henry Windsor Villiers Stuart (1827-1895).

[371] John de Villula (d. 1122), bishop of Bath. See John.

[372] Robert Vilvain (1575?–1663), physician: born and educated in Exeter; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1599-1611; M.A., 1600; M.D., 1611; practitioner in Exeter, 1612-63; published English and Latin trifles; benefactor of Exeter College, Oxford, and of Exeter Cathedral library.

[373] Samuel Vince (1749–1821), mathematician and astronomer; a Suffolk bricklayer: usher at Harleston, Norfolk; senior wrangler, 1775; fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1778; beneficed in Norfolk, 1784; F.R.S., 1786; astronomy professor, Cambridge, 1796; archdeacon of Bedford, 1809; published mathematical and astronomical works.

[374] Augustine Vincent (1584?–1626), herald; studied the records in the Tower of London; Rouge Rose pursuivant, 1616; acted as deputy for Camden, 1618; Rouge Croix pursuivant, 1621; Windsor herald, 1624; wrote against Ralph Brooke, 1621.

[375] George Vincent (1796–1836?), landscapepainter; born and educated in Norwich; pupil of John Crome; exhibited, chiefly Norfolk views, at Norwich, 1811-31, and in London, 1814-31; resided in Loudon from 1818; published etchings, 1821-7.

[376] Henry Vincent (1813–1878), political agitator; printer's apprentice at Hull, 1828; came to London, c. 1835; abandoned his trade: chartist agitator, 1838; his conviction at the Monmouth assizes, Aug;ist 1839, the occasion of the great Newport minersriot, November 1839: imprisoned again, 1840-1; journalist, lay-preacher, and lecturer on social questions from 1841; unsuccessful parliamentary candidate, 1841-52; lectured in the United States, 1866, 1867, 1869, and 1875.

[377] John Vincent (1591–1646), puritan; of New College, Oxford, 1609; beneficed in Cornwall, but ejected for nonconformity; intruded rector of Sedgefield, 1643.

[378] John Painter Vincent (1776–186IX train. ! in London:;i- i-n.n tost Bartholomew Hospital London;. IAS and 1840.

[379] Nathaniel Vincent (1619?–1697), nonoonfonni-t.i:.n.: third son of John Vincent; -lioriM,.risti College, Oxf Christ bnreh, Oxford, I...-.7; chaplain of Corp. .; 1 1..initiated fellow of 1 h;.7; intruded rector of I*ngley Marisb, 1660; ejected, 1662 nonconformist preacher in Southwark, 18M; tm gain, 1681 and 1686: pub

[380] Vincent rill F.I IMA 1638), author of A narrative iitin -t f:, N..v England colonist* lv.Hiot Indian*, nndnfaitawrintioii of Ue desolation of Germany, loth published iu 16SH; appear* to liuve vinitcd England (c. 16M), and South Germany iuim.

[381] Richard Budd Vincent (1770?–1831 0 "erred .-. 17M 1816; lu-utenant, 1790: captain, !&: MT, ov by wcrincing bia unseaworthy Ktoop-of. 1HI5.

[382] Thomas Vincent (1614–1678), nonconformist liviiw; s.iiiii.1 HOD of John Vincent: M.A. Christ Chim-li, Oxford, 1664; intruded rector of St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, London, 1666; ejected, 1662; preacher and schoolmaster, at Hoxton; published an account of the great plague, 1667, and Beruion-.

[383] William Vincent (1739–1815), dean of Westminster; at Westminster School, 1747-57; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1764; D.D., 1776; usher at Westminster, 1701, second master, 1771, and head-master, 1788"ii.v.1 in Londiui, 1778-1807; sub-almoner, 1784: Cation, ixol.iinil.kiln of Westminster, 1802-16; rector of Islip, Oxfordshire, 1807-16; superintended restoration works in Westminster Abbey from 1807; some of his Latin verse translated by Cowper; published pamphlets, sermons, and, 1797-1813, treatises on ancient geography.

[384] Charles Viner (1678–1756), jurist; of Hart Hall, Oxford, 1696; published Abridgment of Law and Equity 23 vols., 1742-53 (the index by Robert Kclham , produced, 1758): founder of the Vinerian common law professorship, scholarships, and fellowships at Oxford.

[385] Sir Robert Viner, first baronet (1631–1688), lord mayor of Loudon; apprentice and then partner with his uncle, Sir Thomas Viner, goldsmith and bunker of London; alderman of London, 1606; sheriff, 1666; lord mayor, 1674; knighted, 1665: created baronet, 1666; erected the equestrian statue of Charles II in Stocks Market, Londun, May 1672 (taken down, 1730): li.l u large business for government; ruined by the dishonesty of the exchequer. 1672: bankrupt; his bankruptcy finally settled by act of parliament, 1699.

[386] Sir Thomas Viner, baronet (1588–1665), lord mayor of London; came to London, 1600: brought up t Samuel Moore, goldsmith; alderman of Loii'i 1660, sheriff, 1648, lord mayor, 1653; knighted, 1664; created baronet, 1661; did much government banking business from James I's to Charles II's time: benefactor of the Goldsmiths Company.

[387] William Litton Viner (1790–1867), composer of church music; organist at Bath, 1820, and at Penzauce, 1835; emigrated, 1859; died in Massachusetts.

[388] Richard Vines (1585–1651), colonist; born in Devonshire; studied medicine; explored Maine, 1609; agent for Sir Ferdinando Gorges in Massachusetts, 16 15-4(i: acting-governor of Massachusetts, 1643-5; planter in Barbados, c. 1646-61.

[389] Richard Vines (1600?–1666), puritan divine; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1627: school master at Hiuckley, 1624-c. 1642; non-resident rector of Weil, dington, 1628, and of Caldecote, 1630: preacher at Nancaton: an active member of the Westminster Assembly from June 1643; intruded rector of St. Clement Danes, London, 1643-6; intruded master of Pembroke Hall, the BU Lawrence Jewry, London 16MHI:"pob vnraro,

[390] Frederick Vining (i?9o?-i87i) LondoTOl? 00 P"-i 1V James Vinlng; bankterk: first TbeaUe), 1847. . J. (IM4-1876), actor: eon of ! ranee; a London in London (VUryleboue ClvuL 171

[391] James Vinino (17M-1870) actor; appeared on the London stage, 1808-40. also An on vine-culture, f

[392] Geoffrey de Vinsauf (. 1JOO), poet; de Vino BeJvo from a t t,..:;; once popular art of poetry, * Poetrla Novella of lUchard I; visited Italy and was favoured by Pope Innocent 1 1U

[393] William Vint (1768–1814, congregational divine; minister at Idle, near Leeds, 1790-1814; divinity tutor of a nonconformist seminary at Idle (known from 1826 as Airedale Independent College) 1800-14; published sermons and theological pieces at a private press 1824-34.

[394] Pierre Violet (1749-1 810 ), miniature-painter and .-t-h.-r; in Paris, 1789; exhibited in London, K miniatures and fancy subjects; pubUobed etchings, 1810, and a treatise on miniature-painting before 1788.

[395] Thomas Violet (Jl. 163I-1CC2), goUunith and alderman of London; imprisoned f., silver, 1G34: turned informer against oilier m 1636; imprisoned as a royalist, 1642, 1644-8: informer against exporters of silver, 1662-3; published j,. against the exportation of coin.

[396] Eva Ma Hi Violetti A (1724–1822), wife of (Jarrick; reputed daughter of Veigd, a Viennese citizen; came to London, 1746; dancer at the Haymarket; guest I of the Earl and Countess of BoriinftOB, who, ou her marriage (1749) to Garrick, settled 6.000. on her.

[397] Virghju 8, SAINT (d. 785),

[398] George Virttje (1791?–1868), London P u 1 brought out books illustrated by flue copper and n-e engravings; proprietor of the Art Journal

[399] James Virtue 8PRENT (1829–1892), art publisher: son of (ieorge Virtue; manager of the New York branch, 1848-66; manager of the London publishing house, 1U56; proprietor of the Art Journal 1866-92.

[400] Vttali 8, ORDERICUS (1076–1143?X See oa

[401] Vitell or VTTELL8, CHRISTOPHER (Jl. 1566–1679), famillst; originally a joiner of Delft: came to England before 1655; prisoner for A nanism in London, e. 1668; apostle of the family of love in Cambridgeshire and Essex; issued translations of familixt tracts, 1574.

[402] Cornblio Vttelii (Jl. 1489), earliest teacher of Greek at Oxford: born in the Homagna; lectured on Greek in New College, Oxford, 1475-89, in Paris, 1489, and In Exeter College, Oxford, 1491; published classical commentaries.

[403] Francois Vtvares (1700–1780), landsoapeHOgraver: a Frenchman; came to London, 1727; from landscape-painters for John Boydell; kept a printshop, 1750-80.

[404] Vivare 8. THOMAS (Jl. 1770–1790), engraver: son and assistant of Francois Vivares

[405] Johannes Ludovious Vives (149S-1640), scholar; born at Vakntia in Spain: went to Paris, 16o9; resided chiedy at Bruges, 1612-31; published his ArU book, Paris, 1614; lectured on Latin authors at Louvain, 1520, 1621-2: wrote a commentary on Augustine's *De Civitate Dei 1521-2; introduced to Henry VIII and his Spanish consort at Bmges, 1621; invited by Henry VIII to England, 1621; D.C.L. Oxford: in cw at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1621; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; went to Bruges; again visited England, 1527: offended Henry VIII by supporting Queen Catherine, ami the queen by withdrawing his advocacy afti-r imprisonment, 1528; withdrew to Bruges; published hi8 chief philosophical treatises, includinc those on education, 1529-31; died at Bruges; a voluminous writer in theology, philology, philosophy, law, and history; collected works first published, 1555; a fuller edition, 1782UM,

[406] Sir Charles Crespigny Vivian , second Baron Vivian (1808–1886), son of Sir Richard Hussey Vivian, first baron Vivian; served in the army, 1825-34; major, 1834: M.P., Bodmin, 1835-42; succeeded to barony, 1843; lord-lieutenant of Cornwall, 1866-77.

[407] Sir Henry Hussey Vivian, first Baron Swansea ( 1831–1894), educated at Eton, Cambridge, and abroad ; copper merchant in Liverpool, 1842; patented metallurgical processes, 1843-69; director of smelting works at Swansea, 1845-94; took an active part in public affairs in South Wales; liberal M.P., Truro, 1852-7, Glamorganshire, 1857-85, Swansea, 1886, 1886, and 1892-3; created baronet, 1852; Baron Swansea, 1893.

[408] Sir Hussey Crespigny Vivian , third Baron (1834–1893), diplomatist; eldest son of Sir Charles Crespigny Vivian, second baron Vivian; clerk in foreign office, 1851-73; agent at Alexandria, 1873, 1876-9, at Bucharest, 1874-6; ambassador at European courts, 1879-93; British plenipotentiary to the slave-trade conference at Brussels, 1889, and G.O.M.G.

[409] Sir Richard Hussey Vivian , first BARON Vivian (1775–1842), lieutenant-general ; entered the army, 1793; captain, 1794; lieutenant-colonel, 1804; lieutenantgeneral, 1827; served in Flanders, 1794-5, Holland, 1799, Spain, 1808-9, 1813-14, at Waterloo and in France, 18151818; commander of the forces in Ireland, 1831; mastergeneral of the ordnance, 1835; K.C.B., 1816; M.P., Truro, 1820-5, Windsor, 1826-31,Eaat Cornwall, 1837-41; created baronet, 1828; privy councillor, 1835; created Baron Vivian, 1841; died at Baden-Baden.

[410] Sir Robert John Hussey Vivian (1802–1887) general; natural son of Sir Richard Hussey Vivian; lieutenant in the East India Company's service, 1819; captain, 1825; major-general, 1854; general, 1870; served in the Burmese war, 1824-6; served, with frequent furloughs, in India, 1827-54; commanded Turkish contingent in Crimea, 1855-6; K.O.B., 1857; retired, 1877.

[411] Frank Vizetelly (1830–1883?), artist: first worked for the Pictorial Times; editor of Le Monde Illustre Paris, 1857-9; war correspondent of theIllustrated London New? 1859 till death; perished with Hicks Pasha in the Sudan.

[412] Henry Vizetelly (1820–1894), artist and publisher; of Italian extraction; son of a London publisher; wood-engraver; started the Pictorial Times1843, and the Illustrated Times 1855; correspondent of the Illustrated London News at Paris, 1866-72, and Berlin, 1872; wrote much and translated much, 1867-90; publisher in London, 1879, issuing translations of French fiction: fined for issuing an English version of Zola's La Terre 1888; imprisoned for repeating his offence, 1889: published an autobiography, 1893.

[413] John Christopher Augustus Voelcker (1 822-1 884), agricultural chemist; pharmacist at Frankfort-on-Maln: studied chemistry at Gbttingen, 1844-6; Ph.D.; went to Edinburgh, 1847; chemistry professor at j Clrencester Agricultural College, 1849-63; consulting agricultural chemist, 1855-84; resided in London from 1863; F.R.S., 1870; contributed to scientific journals.

[414] Sir Julius Vogel (1836–1899), premier of New Zealand; educated at University College School, London, I and Royal School of Mines; emigrated to Victoria goldflelda; settled in Dunedin, New Zealand, 1861; started 'Otago Daily Times member of Otago provincial I council, 1862: head of provincial executive, 1866-9; I member of New Zealand House of Representatives, 1863; i colonial treasurer, 1869, in cabinet of Sir William Fox , and later head of post office and of departments I of customs and telegraphs; premier; adopted policy of j borrowing money in London for development of natural resource* of the island, and when, 1876, he nMifrini premtership and came to England as agent-general, left New Zealand prosperous; knighted, 1875; resigned agentgeneralsliipand returned to colonial parliament as member for Christ Church, 1884; treasurer under radical chief, Sir Robert Stout, 1884-7; leader of opposition, 1887; published Great Britain and her Colonies 1865, and other works; died in Knirland.

[415] Frederick Mortimer Vokes (1846–1888 actor in burlesque and dancer; went on the stage, 1854; appeared jointly with his sisters as The Vokes Children 1861, and afterwards as tle Vokcs family; met with great success in London, the provinces, France, and America.

[416] Jessie Catherine Biddulph Vokes (1851–1884), actress and dancer.

[417] Rosina Vokes (1858–1894), actress in burlesque: married Cecil Clay, 1870; toured in the United States, 1885-93.

[418] Victoria Vokes (1853–1894), actress and singer.

[419] Joan Vokins (f. 1690), quakeress ; nee Bunce; married Richard Vokins of West Challow; preached in, America and the West Indies, 1680-1, and in Ireland, 1686; her writings published, 1691.

[420] Thomas Volentius (1582–1660?).

[421] Florence Volusene (1604?–1647?), scholar, whose surname wns possibly Wolson or Wolsey; born in Elginshire; educated at Aberdeen; resided in Paris, 1528-36, first as tutor to Wolsey's son (Thomas Wynter), then as political agent for Thomas Cromwell; lecturer on Latin authors at Carpentras, near Avignon, 1536-16: died at Vienne, Dauphiue; published, at Lyons,Commeutatio quaedam (devotional tract) andDe Animi Tranquillitate (philosophical dialogue), 1543; wrote Latin verses

[422] Holst Von , THEODOR (1810–1844), historical painter; of Livonian extraction; born and trained in London; exhibited in London, 1827-44.

[423] Vortigern (fl. 450), philologically ' supreme lord ' ; historically, according to Gildas, supplemented by Bede r the prince of south-east Britain, who called in the Saxon.to repel the northern tribes; traditionally, according to Nennius and Geoffrey of Monmouth, the traitor who, for love of the beautiful Saxon, Roweua, ruined the British cause; conjectured by some modern writers to have been leader of a native, at feud with a Roman, party amongp the Britons.

[424] Vos or VOSSIUS, GERARD JOHN (1577–1649), scholar; born near Heidelberg; professor at Leyden, 1622; invited to England and made canon of Canterbury, 1629; history professor at Amsterdam, 1633; author of a 'Historia Pelagiana

[425] Isaac Vossius (1618–1689), scholar ; son of Gerard John Vos; born at Leyden; edited the Periplus of Scylax, 1639: visited Italy, 1642; edited seven epistles of St. Ignatius, 1646; royal librarian at Stockholm, 1649-52; supported the Septuagiut against the received chronology, 1659-01; wrote against Cartesianism, 1662-3; edited Pliny's Natural History," 1669; invited to England by Dr. John Pearson, 1670; hon. D.O.L. Oxford. 1670; canon of Windsor, 1673-89; publishedDe Poematum cantu a treatise on prosody. 1673, andDe... Oraculis 1679; edited Catullus, 1684, and Juvenal, 1686: published Observations on classical topics, 1685; worked also on Lucretius, Anacreon, Hesychius of Alexandria, and Arriaiv. His library of manuscripts went to Leyden, 1710; his correspondence is largely in the Bodleian.

[426] John Vowell (1526?–1601).

[427] Voysey alias HARMAN, JOHN (1465?–1554). See Veysey

[428] Benjamin Lewis Vuillamy (1780-1 854), clockmaker, of London; published treatises on clock-work, 1828-48.

[429] George John Vttluamy (1817–1886), architect ; second son of Benjamin Lewis Vulliamy; pupil of Sir Charles Barry, 1836-41; settled in London, 1843; architect to the metropolitan board of works, 18611886.

[430] Lewis Vulliamy (1791–1871), architect : pupil of Sir Robert Sniirke; settled in London, 1822; designed many churches and mansions.

[431] Vychan

[432] Vychan (1231–1210).

[433] Vychan ,howel (d. 825

[434] Simwnt Vychan (1530?-1606),

[435] Richard Vyse S to Xortl VY8Z, HH HAI:I) (1746-1825), general; entered the army, 1763: colonel of dragoons, 171; served 17'Jt; M.P., Beverley, 1806; general, 1812.

[436] Richard William Howard Vyse (1853), major-general: son of Richard Burned Howard as additional name, 181}.

[437] '^ Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan jr, 8m RICHARD RAWLIN8OX, baronet (1800-1879). of Trelowamn: of (

[438] Armagil Waad or Wade (d. 1568), styled the English Columbus; native of Yorkshire; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1532: sailed to Cape Breton and Newfoundland. lS3i;: i-lrrk of the council at Calais, 1MO; chief clerk to tlie privy council, 1582-3: M.P., Wycombe, 1647-63; gnvnu-d Milton Grunge, Oxfordshire, 1664: nvoy to Hol.-tdu, 1659; employed on the public service. 1662 and 16G6.

[439] Sir William Waad (1546–1623), diplomatist; a younger son of Armagil Waad; succeeded to the estate, 1668: entered Gray Inn, 1671: travelled: coltooted news for Burghley in Paris "76, Italy, 1678-9, at Strasburg, 1680, and in Paris, 1680; ambassador to Portugal, 1580; returned to England, 15K1; clerk of the privy council, 1683-1013; employed on foreign missions, 1683-6; seized Mary smart's papers, 15KO; envoy to France, 1687; M.P., Thetford, 1688, Preston, 1601, West Looe, 1606; tracked out Roderigo Lopez's plot, 1694, and other catholic schemes: knighted, 1603; investigated the Main and By plots, 1603, and Gunpowder plot, 1UU6; lieutenant of the Tower, 1608-13; a member of the Virginia Company, 1609.

[440] Wace (fl. 1170), chronicler: born in Jersey: eduated at Caen; wrote many narrative poems in French (remains printed, 1836-79); began, at Henry II's instance, Roman de Kou (a history of the ruling Norman house c. 1107), 1160; prebendary of Bayeux, 1169.

[441] William Wadd (1776–1829), surgeon; educated at Merchant Taylors School and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; practised surgery in London; published surgical treatises, 1809-24, and professional chit-chat, 1824-7; accidentally killed at Killarney.

[442] Peter Hately Waddell (1817–1891), Scottish divine; educated at (tlastrow; free church minister at frirvan, 1844-61; Independent minister in Glasgow, 18624888; American D.D.: edited Burns, 1867-9, and the Waverley novels, 1882-5; turned the Psalms, 1871, and Jaalab, 1879, into Scottish.

[443] Robert Darley Waddilove (1736–1828), dean of Ripon; originally Robert Darley; added Waddilove on succession to property; of Westminster and Clare Hall, Cambridge: M.A., 17C2; uon-nidiMitinciiment in Yorkshire: embassy chaplain at Madrid, 1771-9: examined manuscripts and pictures in Spain: prebendary of Ripon, 1780, of York, 1782; archdeacon of East Riding, 1786; deau of Ripon, 1791-1828; LL.D. Lambeth.

[444] Luke Wadding (1588–1667), Franciscan : native of Waterford: educated in Portugal: became a Franciscan, 1607; president of the Irish College, Salamanca, 1617: chaplain to the Spanish embassy at Home, 1618-57; founder and first rector of St. Isidore's College (for Irish students), Rome, 1625-40: instigated Irish rebellion of 1641: published history of Franciscans and theological tractates.

[445] Peter Wadding (1.W1 7-161IX Jesuit; native of Waterford: edm-atol at poimy: M.A., D.D., and LL.D.; 'became a Jesuit, 1601: theology profespor successively at Louvain, Antwerp, Prague, Giatz; published theological .works.

[446] Charles Waddington (1796–1868), military engineer; educated at Addiacombe; second lieutenant, Born bay engineers, 1813; captain, 1825: major-general, 1 Ml; aerved in India, 1814-47, 1864-8, and at Aden, 1847-44.

[447] Edward Waddinotok (1670?–1731 bUbop of Colchester: educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1695. D.D.. 1710; rector of We.ham, 1702. of All Hallows the Great, London. 1712; fellow of Eton, 1720; bishop of Chicherter, 1724-31: published sermons.

[448] George Waddinoton (1793–1869), traveller ami church historian: at the Tl artcrhotue, London, 18U8-11; fellow of Trinity Coll.y, Cambridge. 1*17: M.A-.1818; 1)1)., 1840; travelled In Ethiopia, 1821, and Greece, 1H23-4; published a rburch history, 1833, and an account of the reformation in Germany, 1H41; vicar of MM b*n, , 1833-40: dean of Durham, 1840-69.

[449] John Waddington (1810–1880), congregational divine; studied at Airedale College: pastor at Stockport, and in Soutlnvark, 1846; D.D.; published memoir* of oongregatlonaUsto, histories of Congregationalism, and

[450] Samuel Ferraxd Waddiwgtoh (. 1790–1812), politicimi; educated in Germany: hop merchant near Tonbridire: oppoe*il war with the French republic, 1795: UIIS-A,T"l I.liiiuiKi liurke. 1796; published pamphlets on the hop trade and on political questions. 411

[451] Sir Claude Martine Wade (1794–1861 X colonel; served in India. 1809-44; captain. 1826; lieutenant-colonel and knighted, 1839; etnpU-yed in negotiations with Kanjit MH-.-II. 1H23-4I: fontd the Kbaibar Pan and entered Kabul, 1839; political agent at Iniurc, 1840-t.

[452] George Wade (1673–1748) field-marshal: an Irishman; ensign, 1690; lieuttuunt-colouel, 1703; nerved in Flandrrs. l.J2 aiwl 1702-3. in Spnin. 17U4-10; dUtinguishol himself in the battle, of Almanr.a, 1707, and Saragoeaa, 1710, and at the taking of Minorca, 1708; major-general, 1714; M.P.. Hindon, 1715; stationed at Bath to ovni'M- the wnu*rn Jacoblt**, 1715; served in the Vigo i-xilition. 171'J: M.P.. Bnth. 1722-48: sent to tlie liiKlilaihls. 1724, where he made military n1733: lieutenant-general, 1727; field-manual, 174*; cuminaii.lol in Flanders, 1744-6: commauder-iu-chief in England, 1745: rent against Prince Charlea Edward; superr.r fuilinir to ston his uuirch. IviiL 4131 twded for foiling to stop his march

[453] John Wade (1788–1875). author; leader-writer in the Spectator 1868-68: published The Black Book an lire of minx-iins. 1H2O-S, a British history, 1839, a :teer of the worl.1. 1863, ami popular trrU* on I eoclal questions; granted a civil-list pension, 1862.

[454] Joseph Augustixb Wade (1796?-IH45), composer; native of Dublin: opera-conductor in London: among other works brought out an oratorio, 1824, and an opera, 1826; died insane, llriii. 417

[455] Nathaniel Wade (d. 1718) conspirator : entered the Middle Temple, 16H1: privy to the Rye House plot, 1683: escaped to Iloilainl: served as major In Monmouth's Invasion, June 1686: taken prisoner, October 1685; turned king's evidence: pardoned, 1C8C; townclerk of Bristol. by James ll's appointment, 1G87.

[456] Thomas Wade (1806–1875), poet : resided in London: published poeins, showing Shelley's influence, 1..;ni,l MiiiKli rt cordis... CarmiiKi 1835; brought out Woman's Love" (otherwise Duke Andrea), a romantic drama, 1828, * The Phrenolo.rista (farce), :mdThe Jew of Arragon (train-dy ), 1X30; published pamphlets, 1837-9: editedBell's Weekly Messenger: withdrew to Jersey and edited there Tbe h Press; died at Jersey.

[457] Sir Thomas Francis Wade (1818–1895), diplomatist; brought up at Mauritius, 1823-7, and the Cape, 1829-32; at Harrow, 1832-7, and Trinity College, Cambridge, 1837-8; entered the army, 1838; lieutenant, 1841; studied Chinese during the voyage to Hongkong, 1841-2; interpreter at Hong-Kong, 1843-51: vice-consul at Shanghai, 1852; Chinese secretary at Hong-Kong, 1855; attached to Lord Elgin's Chinese missions, 1857 and I860; member of the Pekin legation, 1861-71, and ambassador there, 1871-83: K.O.B., 1876; Chinese professor, Cambridge, 1888; bequeathed his Chinese books to Cambridge University: published papers on China and the Chinese language, 1849-81.

[458] Walter Wade d. 1825), Irish botanist ; M.D., practising in Dublin, 1790; lectured on botany; made botanical tours in Ireland; published papers on Irish flora, 1794-1804, synopses of his lectures, and other botanical papers.

[459] Wade or WAAD, Sm WILLIAM (1546–1623). See

[460] Ralph Wader , EARL OF NORFOLK ( . 1070). See

[461] Wade 80N, ANTHONY (. 1600), playwright; author probably of Look about you a comedy, 1600; wrote also a sequel, 1601,The... humorous Earle of Gloster, with his conquest of Portugall now lost.

[462] Richard Wadeson (1826–1885), colonel ; private soldier, 1843; serjeant-major, 1854: lieutenant, 1857: V.O.; captain, 1864; brevet-colonel, 1880; distinguished himself, especially in the Delhi campaign, 1857; lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1885.

[463] John Wadham (d. 1411), justice of the common pleas, 1388-97.

[464] Wadhaj f, NICHOLAS (1532–1609), founder of Wadbam College, Oxford; married Dorothy Petre (15341618), 1555: lived retiredly at Merefield: built an almshouse at Ilton, 1606; his plans for a college at Oxford carried on by his widow, 1610, and Wadham College completed, July 1613.

[465] James Wadmore (1782–1853), collector of objects of vertu; a land-surveyor.

[466] James Wadsworth , the elder (1572?–1623), Jesuit; B.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1600; beneflced in Suffolk, 1598-1604; embassy chaplain at Madrid, 1605; official of the inquisition, Seville; English tutor to the infanta Maria, 1623.

[467] '^ James Wadsworth, the younger (1604–1656?), Spanish scholar; son of James Wadsworth the elder ; token to Spain, 1610; educated at Seville, Madrid, and, 1618-22,St. Omcr; prisoner in Algiers, 1623; namedcaptainin the Spanish service a government spy in England, 1625, and in Brussels and Paris, 1626; prisoner at Calais, 1627; published his English-Spanish Pilgrim 1629 (enlarged, 1630); a common informer against Romanists from 1630; published translations from the Spanish.

[468] Thomas Wadsworth (1630–1676), nonconf...-nnst divine; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1652-4; M.A., 1654; intruded rector of St. Mary's, Neu ington, 1653-60;lecturerin London, 1660-2; pub ed sermons.

[469] Lionel Wafer (1660?–1705?), buccaneer; ship's Burgeon, 1677-9, in a voyage to Java; surgeon at Port .Royal, Jamaica, 180; surgeon on board an Kn-rlish pirate to the Pacific: lamed while craning tin* Isthmus of Dftrien, 1681, and resided for some months among the Darien Indians; picked up by William Dampier, with whom he sutiseqiii'iitlj -cruised in theet Indies; went a buccaneering voyage with 1-Mwanl Davis. 10831702), 1683; settled in Virginia; rcumie 1 to Kngland, 1691; published his narrative, 1099; urged the colonisation of Darien, 1704.

[470] Sir Charles Wager (1666–174:!), admiral : served in the navy, 1690-9, 1701-6, chiefly in the Mediterruiu'iui: in command at Jamaica, 1 707-9; enriched prize-money, defeating a Spanish treasure-fleet, 170K, oi'l Cartagena; rear-admiral, 1707; knighted, 1709; employed at the admiralty office, 1715-33; blockaded Cadiz, 1727-8; admiral, 1731; first lord of the admiralty, 17331742.

[471] Lewis Wager (fl. 1566), author of an interlude (15G6), Repentaunce of Marie Magdalene; rector of St. James's, Garlickbithe, 1560.

[472] William Wager (. 1566), author of two interludes, The longer thou livest, the more foole thou art r andThe cruell Debtter ( 1566); other pieces attributed to him.

[473] Martin Waghorn (d. 1787), navy captain; served in the navy, 1762-4 and 1778-86; captain of the Royal George when she sank, 29 Aug. 1782; acquitted by a competent court-martial.

[474] Thomas Waghorn (1800–1850), pioneer of the overland route (from Cairo to Suez) to India; served in the navy, 1812-17; pilot in the Bengal service, 1819-24: commanded a sloop in the Burmese war, 1824-5; advocated the overland route, 1827; established its feasibility, 1829; organised the transport service for it, before 1841; lieutenant, R.N., 1842; published pamphlets, 1831-46.

[475] John Wagstaffe (1633–1677), author of 'Witchcraft Debated(1669), questioning the possibility of witchcraft; educated at St. Paul's School, London; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1656.

[476] Sir Joseph Wagstaffe (. 1642), royalist: major in the French service; lieutenant-colonel "in Unparliamentary army, 1642; changed sides, 1643; royalist major-general; knighted, 1644; headed the Wiltshirerising, 1655; petitioned for reward, 1662.

[477] Thomas Wagstaffe , the elder (1645–1712), nonjuror; educated at Charterhouse, London, and New luni Hall, Oxford; M.A., 1667; incumbent of Martinsthorpe. 1669; chancellor of Lichfield, 1684; rector of St. Gabriel Fencburch, London, 1684; ejected as a nonjuror, 1691; physician; consecrated nonjuriug bishop of Ipswich. 1694; published pamphlets.

[478] Thomas Wagstaffe , the younger (1692–1770), nonjuror; second son of Thomas "Wagstaffe the elder ; ordained nonjuring priests 1719: keeper of tlie nonjurorschurch registers: Anglican chaplain to the Chevalier St. George and Prince Charles Edward at Rome, before 1738; collated manuscripts at the Vatican; published pamphlets.

[479] William Wagstaffe (1685–1725), physician; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1707; M.D., 1714*; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1720; bis Miscellaneous Works published, 1725.

[480] Thomas Griffiths Wainewright (1794–1852), poisoner and art critic; art-student in London, 1814: wrote art critiques for theLondon Magazine 1820-3; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1821-5: forged an order on the Bank of England, 1826; poisoned several relatives to secure money, 1828-30; imprisoned at Paris: transported for the 1826 forgery, 1837; died, a convict, in Tasmania.

[481] William of Wainfleet (1395?–1486). See William Waynflete.

[482] Daniel Guilford Wait (1789–1850), hebraist; educated at University College, Oxford, and St. John's College, Cambridge; LL.D. Cambridge, 182*: rector of Blagdon, 1819; published sermons and works of textual criticism, 1811-48; issued Jewish... Antiquities 1823.

[483] Thomas Waite or Waite (fl. 1634–1668), regicide: colonel in the parliamentary army, 1643; governor of Burley House, 1644-5; M.P., Rutland, 1646-1653; suppressed the Peterborough rising, 1648; gave evidence against the Duke of Hamilton; one of Charles I's judges; imprisoned from 1660.

[484] Robert Waithman (1764–1833), politician; a competence as a London linendraper; agitated against. war with the French republic, 1794; alderman of London, iKls, slu-riff. l.H2u, lord mayor, 18J8, and M.P, London, 1818-20, 1820-33; published pamphlets.

[485] Hereward the Wake (fl. 1070). See Hereward.

[486] Sir Isaac Wake (1580?-1632), diplomatist; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1593; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1598; M.A., 1603; public orator, 1604; welcomed James I to Oxford, 1606 (the event described in his Rex Platonicus 1607); secretary of embassy at Venice, c.1610, and Turin, c. 1614; ambassador, with occasional absences on missions, at Turin, 1616-30: knighted, 1619: M.P., Oxford University, 1624: ambassador at Paris, 1631; published Latin speeches, etc.; died at Paris.

[487] Thomas Wake (1297–1349), baron; succeeded his father, 1300; his chief estates in Lincolnshire; a royal ward married Blanche, daughter of Henry of Lancaster; given possession of his estates, 1317; joined the rising against Edward II and the Despensers, 1326: constable of the Tower of London, 1326; joined the rising against Isabella and Mortimer, 1328; fined and deprived of his offices, 1329; restored to his lands and offices, 1331; governor of the Channel islands; imprisoned, 1340.

[488] William Wake (1657–1737), archbishop of Canterbury; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1679; D.D., 1689; chaplain to the embassy at Paris, 1682-5; preacher at Gray's Inn, 1688-96; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1689-1702; dean of Exeter, 1703; rector of St. James's, Westminster, 1693-1701; bishop of Lincoln, 1705; translated to Canterbury, 1716: negotiated for union with the French Jansenists, 1717-20; published theological treatises; bequeathed his library to Christ Church, Oxford.

[489] Felix Wakefield (1807–1875), engineer; 1847; visited New Zealand. and oonstrnctor of the Bala18M; returned MU. 4*7) iron. W i. elara to Sebastopol railway, ..:,,. 1,1-.:. n

[490] Gilbert (1756-1801). r..:.!..-! ft feOow, 1776-9; and Liverpool: adoptnl Unitarian views; el at Warrlngton onlterian college, 1779-81; private tutor at Nottingham, and afterwards at Hackney: pubbabed 8Uva crittca 1789: maintained the lm accents; edited the Georgic* 1788, some Greek plays, and Horace, 1794, and Lucretius, 1796-t: conceived a violent hatred of Pitt and of Porton, assailing Ponon's Hecuba C1797) in aDiatribe Bxtemporalis; Imprisoned for a seditious pamphlet, 1799-1801; published also theological ; idHM-. Pan* MtfctfOh WB.4W

[491] Peter of Wakefield (d. 1213), hermit; known also as Peter of Pontefract; predicted, 1212, that before Ascension day, 1213, King John's crown would pass to another; prediction fulfilled in John's submission to the pope; put to death by John at Wareham.

[492] Mrs. Priscilla Wakefield ( 1751-1832), author and philanthropist; a qnakeress; married, 1771, Bdwaift aki-neld (1750-18J6), a London merchant: resided at Tottenham, where she instituted a lying-in charity, 1791, hed educational worta and a savings bank, 1798; published for children.

[493] Robert Wakefeld (d. 1537), orientalist; studied at Cambridge before 1514, and abroad: Hebrew professor at Louvain, 1619, Tubingen, 1520-3; taught Hebrew at Cambridge, 1524, and Oxford, 1530; wrote in favour of Henry VIII's divorce, 1628; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1532; his treatises the first In England (1524) to employ Hebrew and Arabic type.

[494] Thomas Wakefeld (fl. 1575), hebraist; M.A. Cambridge: first regius professor of Hebrew, Cambridge, 1540- taught, 1540-9 and 1553-69; probably rejected protestantism.

[495] Arthur Wakefield (1799–1843), colonist ; son of Edward Wakefield: captain in the navy; founded Nelson, New Zealand, 1841; killed in battle with the Maoris.

[496] Daniel Wakefield (1776–1846), writer on political economy, son of Priscilla Wakefleld; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1802; equity draughtsman.

[497] Edward Wakefield (1774–1864), author of Ireland: statistical and political 1812; son of Priscilla _ Wakefield; farmer at Romf ord; land-agent in bishop of Norwich, 1416: joint-envoy to the council of London. rjonstHnce. 1416-1H: persecuted the lollards; much n

[498] Edward Gibbon Wakefield (1796–1862), colonial statesman; son of Edward Wakefield: employed at the embassy at Turin, 1814-16: eloped with a ward of court, 1816; attached to the embassy at 1820-6; abducted an heiress, 1826; imprisoned, 1826-9, j and his marriage cancelled by parliament: urge* forms in the administration of the Australian colonies, 1839-49 procured the discontinuance of free grants of i__j; So,,. nf, WnlPs. 1831: secured formation of i the Portuguese army, ; went to Sew Zealand d Company, 1840: his

[499] William Hayward Wakefield (180J-1848), colonist; son of Edward Wakefield: imprisoned 1826-9, for abetting an abduction by his brother. Kdv Giblxm Wakefleld q. v.; entered 1829; colonel In the Spanish army; as agent for the New Zealand Land Company, large purchases of Maori lands annulled by the colonial government, 1840-1; founded Wellington, 1840, and settled there. 0*11. *

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