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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 63 running from name Wordsworth to name Zuylestein.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 63 Wordsworth - Zuylestein. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.


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  1. ^ Charles Wordsworth (1806–1892), bishop of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dunblane; son of Christopher Wordsworth (1774-1846); of Harrow and Christ I Church, Oxford; won chancellor's prizes for Latin verse, 1827, and Latin essay, 1831; B.A., 1830; travelled as tutor on continent; second master of Winchester College, 1835-46; published Graecae Grammatical Rudimenta (accidence, 1839, syntax, 1843); warden of the new episcopalian Trinity college, at Glenalmond, 1846-54; elected bishop of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dunblane, 1852; took part in eucharistic controversy introduced into Scotland by Alexander Penrose Forbes, bishop of Brechin, in hisprimary charge 1867, and criticised Forbes's teaching as unauthorised; fellow of Winchester, 1871; member of company of New Testament revisers, 1870: hon. D.D. St. Andrews and Edinburgh, 1884; wrote Latin verses; published On Shakespeare's Knowledge and use of the Bible 1864, and many sermons, charges, and other writings, including The Case of Nonepiscopal Ordination fairly considered 1886, andEcclesiastical Union between England and Scotland 1888.
  2. ^ Christopher Wordsworth (1774–1846), master of Trinity College, Cambridge; brother of William Wordsworth; 1J.A. Trinity College, 1796; fellow, 1798: M.A., 1799: D.D., 1810; rector of Ashly with Oby and Thinne, Norfolk, 1804; domestic chaplain to Manners-Sutton, archbishop of Canterbury, 1805; dean and rector of Booking, Essex, 1808; chaplain of House of Commons, 1817; took part with Joshua Watson in founding National Society, 1811; master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1H20-11: vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, 1820-1 and 1826-7; heM living of Hunted with tJckfield, Sussex, 1820-46; us muster he wu* a i cipliiuirian ami earned some uuiopuUirily; publUhed Biography 181u, Who wVot.- IIHJN Iih '.JN BAilAIKH{ 1824 (supporting the claim of Charles I), aiid other works.
  3. ^ Christopher Wordsworth (1807–188*), bishop of Lincoln; son of Christopher Wordsworth (1774-1846); of Winchester College and Trinltv College, Cambridge; senior classic and fint chancellor* classical medallist, 18:)o; fellow, 1830; travelled In Greece, 1832-3; discovered the site of Dodona; priest, 181*; public orator at Cambridge, 1836; head- master of Harrow, 1836; canon of Westminster, 1844; received living of Stanford-in-the-Valc, Berkshire, 1860: proctor in convocation for chapter of Westminster, 1862; archdeacon of Westminster, 1865; bishop of Lincoln, 1868-86; took up a marked anti-Roman attitude. His publications inclu.lt-:i commentary on the whole bible, 1K66-70,Church Ht-tory toA.D. 451 1881-3, Athens and Attica," 1836, 4 Theocritus 1844 (fuller edition, 1877), and Include a series of etchings of published mpartefror?7*4, and-~
  4. ^ Dorothy Wordsworth (1804–1847). See Edward Quillinan.
  5. ^ John Wordsworth (1806–1838), classical scholar; sou of Christopher Wordsworth (1774-1846) q. v.: of Winchester College and Trinity College, mbridge; Person prizeman, 1827; B.A., 1828; fellow, 1830; classical lecturer, 1834; ordained deacon nnd priest, 1837.
  6. ^ William Wordsworth (1770–1850), poet; born at Cockermouth, Cumberland; sou of John Wordsworth (1741-83), an attorney of Cockermouth; educated at grammar school at Hawkshead, and St. John's College, Cambridge: made walking tour on continent, 1790: B.A., 1791; travelled in France, where he fostered his inclinations towards the principles of liberty, 1792; published Evening Walk* and Descriptive Sketches 1793; became acquainted with Coleridge, c. 1795, and published with himLyrical Ballads 1 798 (enlarged 2nd edit. 1800); lived at Goslar, Germany, 1798-9, beginning the Prelude and writing poems to Lucy: settled with his sister Dorothy at Grasmere, 1799, and there remained till end of his life; married, 1802, Mary Hutchinson (b. 1770); made tours in Scotland, 1801 and 1803, and began cordial friendship with Sir Walter Scott, 1803; published poems, including odes toDuty* and onIntimations of Immortality * Miscellaneous Sonnets and sonnets dedicated toLibert 1807; occupied Rydal Mount, Grasmere, 1818-50; held office of distributor of stamps for county of Westmoreland, c. 1813-42; again toured in Scotland, 1814; published The Excursion 1814, and Peter Bell and The Waggoner 1819; placed on commission of peace for Westmoreland, 1819; travelled on continent, 1820, 1823, and 1828, to Ireland, 1829, Scotland (visiting Scott at Abboteford, and writing Yarrow Revisited), 1831, Isle of Man and Scotland, 1833, and on the continent with Henry Crabbe Robinson, 1837; hon. D.C.L. Durham, 1838, and Oxford, 1839; resigned place in stamp office and received pension from civil list, 1842; succeeded Southey as poet laureate, 1843; buried in Grasmere churchyard. Wordsworth's aim as a poet was to find fit utterance for the primary and simple feelings, but his revolt against the artificial style of the previous school led him not infrequently to trivialities. His Poetical and Prose Works, together with Dorothy Wordsworth's Journals edited by Professor Knight, appeared, 1896.
  7. ^ John Worgan (1724–1790), organist and composer; organist at Vanxhall Gardens, London, 1751-74; composer to Vauxhall Gardens, 1753-61 and 1770-4; Mus.Bac. Cambridge, 1748; Mus.Doc., 1775; has been credited erroneously with bavin? composed the Easter hymn. His compositions include two oratorios.
  8. ^ John Worlidge or Woolridge (fl. 1669–1698), agricultural writer; compiled Systema Agriculture, 1669, the first systematic treatise on husbandry on large and comprehensive scale.
  9. ^ Thomas Worlidge (1700-1766), painter and etcher; pupil of Louis Peter Boitard; practised portrait-painting at Bath; settled in London, executed many plates in style of Rembrandt; his works
  10. ^ Thomab Wormald l ticed to John Abernethy IMtl BMMq I 3 L.M..III 1 v-4,1,.M,.,.,.fr i,r i LW~M.JTi Sr: .PH NICHOLSON (1111-1877), art the National Gallery; educate! at lectures, sermons, and other religious writings.
  11. ^ Ralph Nicholson Wornum, critic and keeper of the National Gallery; Untrenlty College, London; entered studio of Henry Bees; studied on continent; practised as portrait. painter In London: worked for tbe'Art Journal* from 1846; compiled official nitalogoe of National Gallery. 1847: lecturer on art to government school* of teles, is,,. IMM si RMtaMl Sdhn al MMteq t., B hiKlM, 18*4: chiefly instrumental in obtaining restoration of Turner collection* to National Gallery. 1810-1: etlited The Turner Gallery 1*51: publishedEpoch, of Painting 1847, - Analysis of Ornament; 18*6, and other t
  12. ^ James Worsdale (1692?–1767), portrait-painter : servant to Sir Godfrey KneUer, whose apprentice he be came: practised as portrait-painter; master-painter to board of ordnance; perhaps the author of several plays.
  13. ^ Charles Worsley (1622-16*6), major-general; parliamentary captain in Lancashire, 1644; lieutenant* colonel of regiment raised in Lancashire for CromweU, 1660; employed in reduction of Ule of Man. 16*1; commanded detachment used in expulsion of Long parliament, 1652; first member for Manchester. 16*4: majorgeneral for Lancashire, Cheshire, and Staffordshire, 16**.
  14. ^ Edward Worsley (1604–1676), Jesuit; entered Society of Jesus, 1626; professor of philosophy, logic, and sacred scripture at Liege; professed of the four vows. 1641; joined English minion in London; rector of college at Liege, 1668; acting English procurator and mbdooer, 1662, at Professed House, Antwerp, where he died: published religious writings.
  15. ^ Henry Worsley (1788–1820), lieutenant-colonel : ensign, 1799; served with 86th regiment In expedition to Scheldt, 1809; In Peninsula, 1811 and 1812-11; lieotvnaut-coloueL 1813; captain of Yarmouth Castle, Isle of Wight.
  16. ^ Sir Henry Worsley (1768–1841), major-general; went to Bengal as infantry cadet, 1780; ensign and lieutenant, 1781, adjutant, 1788; served In Sumatra, 1789: iu Mysore war, 1791: captain, 1798: fought at Delhi and Agra, 1803: major, 1804; served with distinction at Muttra; adjutant-general and lieutenant-colonel, 1806: military secretary to Francis Rawdon- Hastings, second earl of Molra, 1818; returned finally to Europe, 1819; major-general, 1880; K.C.B., 1821; G.O.B., 1888.
  17. ^ Israel Worsley 0768-18S6). Unitarian minister: sducated at Daventry academy: minister of Dunkirk. 1790; trtablished whool at Dunkirk; in England during war 1793-1802; minister of Lincoln, 1806-18 and 1888-1836. Plymouth, 1813-31. ParU, 1881-3; published theological and other writings.
  18. ^ Philip Stanhope Worsley (l88-1866) poet : M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1861; NewdSgate JriSnmn; 1867; fellow, 1868: published versions of ItEmS; 1861, and of flt twelve book, of DM.* 1865, In metre of Spenser..,
  19. ^ Sir Richard Worsley, seventh baronet (17*11805), antiquary and traveller: of Wincberter College ami Corpus Chrtati College, Oxford; succeeded to baronetcy, 1768; M* * clerks comDtroOen of the cloth, 1777; George Ill's BritUh realdent at Venice: of Isle of Wight: M.PjlwnIsleof and Newtown, Isle of Wight. 1790-8 1794-1801; leta* and gems, an
  20. ^ William Worsley (1435?–1499), dean of St. Paul's; possibly educated at Cambridge: collated prebendary of Lichfield, 1449, Southwell, 1453, and York, 1457: rector of Eakring, Nottinghamshire, 1407; archdeacon of Nottingham, 1476; dean of St. Paul's, London, 1479; archdeacon of Taunton, 1493-6; attainted of high treason for complicity in conspiracy in favour of Perkin Warbeck, 1494; pardoned, 1495.
  21. ^ Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895), dressmaker; apprenticed as linendraper to Messrs. Swan it Edgar, London: practised with great success in partnership as lady's tailor in Paris from 1868, and worked independently from 1870.
  22. ^ Richard Nicholls Worth (1837–1896), journalist and geologist: member of staff of Devouport and Plymouth 4 Telegraph 1858; on staff of Western Morning News,* 1863-6 and 1867; edited Northern Daily Express at Newcastle, 1866-7; joined publishing and printing firm of Brendou & Sou, Plymouth, 1877; published numerous historical and geological papers relating to Devon and Cornwall.
  23. ^ William Worth (1677–1742), classical scholar and divine: M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1698; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1702; archdeacon of Worcester, 1705-42: D.D., 1719; canon of Worcester, 1716-1742; held various rectories; published edition of Tatiani Oratio ad Graecos. Herrnise irrisio gentilium philosophorum 1700.
  24. ^ Hugh Worthington (1752–1813), Arian divine; studied at Daventry academy under Caleb Ashworth; pastor, SaltersHall, London, 1782: trustee of Dr. Williams's foundations, 1785, and was lecturer on classics and logic, 1786-9; published sermons and other writings.
  25. ^ John Worthington (1618–1671), master of Jesus College, Cambridge; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1639; fellow, 1642; university preacher, 1(J46; DJX, 1655: master of Jesus College, 1650; rector of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire, 1654-63; vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, 1657-8; displaced from mastership, 1660: held livings of Barking and Needham, Suffolk, and Moulton All Saints, Norfolk, 1663; preacher at St. Benet Fink's, London, 1664; rector of Ingoldsby, Lincolnshire, and prebendary of Lincoln, 1666; published religious and other writings, including an edition of the works of Joseph Mede
  26. ^ Thomas Worthington (1549–1622?), president of Douay College; born at Blaiusco, near Wigan; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1570; entered English college, Douay, 1573; B.D., 1577: removed with college to Rheims, 1578; joined English mission; imprisoned in Tower of London, 1584, and banished, 1585; D.D. Trier University, 1588; president of English College, Douay, 1599; removed owing to Jesuitical innovations which he introduced under influence of Robert Parsons (1546-1610); went to Rome and was made apostolic notary; came on the mission to England and there died; published theological and other works.
  27. ^ Thomas Worthington (1671–1754), Dominican friar; born at Blainsco; educated at St. Omer; entered Dominican order at Bornhem, Flanders, 1691; ordained priest, 1695; elected prior of Bornhem, 1705, 1708, 1718, and 1725: prior provincial in England, 1708-18, and 1725; D.D., 1718; published History of Convent of Bornhem 1719, and other works.
  28. ^ William Worthington (1703–1778), divine; B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1726; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1742; incorporated M.A. Oxford, 1758; B.D. and D.D. Oxford, 1758; chaplain to Archbishop Drummoml: received stall in cathedral of York, 1762; published theological works.
  29. ^ See Stuart-Wortley.
  30. ^ Sir Francis Wortley, first baronet (1591-1652), poet; of Magdalen College, Oxford; knighted, 1610; created baronet, 1611; M.P., East Retford, 1624 und 1625; supported Charles I in south Yorkshire, 1642; captured and imprisoned in Tower of London, 1644c. 1649; published Characters and Elegies 1646, and other works. He was a friend of Ben Jonson, and contributed to Jonson's Virbius 1638.
  31. ^ Edward Wortley-Montagu (1713–1776).
  32. ^ Wortley -MONTAGU, LADY MARY (1689-1 7G2
  33. ^ Baron Wotton L 1CS3). See KIRKHOVEN, CHARLES HENRY.
  34. ^ Anthony Wotton (,1561? –1626), divine : of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1587; B.D., 1594: fellow; first professor of divinity at Gresham College, 1596-8; lecturer at All Hallows, Barking, 1598-1626; accused of socinianism by George Walker (15H1?-1651) , a long controversy eiiMiiug; published theological works.
  35. ^ Sik Edward Wotton (1489–1551), treasurer of Calais; knighted, 1528; sheriff of Kent, 1529 and 1536; accompanied Henry VIII to Calais, 1532; treasurer of Calais, 1540; nominated by Henry VIII privy councillor to his sou Edward; took part iu Warwick's scheme for overthrowing Somerset, 1549.
  36. ^ Edward Wotton (1492–1555), physician and naturalist; educated at Magdalen College school and Magdalen College, Oxford; Ii.A.,1514; fellow, 151 G; first reader in Greek at Corpus Christi College, 1521; M.D. Padua; incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1526; F.R.C.P., 1528; censor, 1552, 1553, and 1555, and president, 1541, 1542, and 1543; acquired a European reputation by his De Differentiis Animalium 1552.
  37. ^ Edward Wotton , first Baron Wotton (1548–1626), son of Thomas Wotton (1521-1587); studied on continent; employed in diplomatic business by Walsiugham; secretary to embassy at Vieuua, 1575; knight of shire for Kent, 1584; envoy to James VI of Scotland to persuade him to enter offensive and defensive alliauce and take Dutch under his protection, 1585, but was unsuccessful; sent to France to explain to Henri III the intrigues of Mary Queen of Scots agaiust Queen Elizabeth, 1586; entered Gray's Inn, 1588; knighted, 1591: sheriff of Kent, 1595; privy councillor and comptroller of household, 1602; created Baron Wotton of Marley, 1603; lord-lieutenant of Kent; ambassador extraordinary to France, 1610; commissioner of treasury, 1612; treasurer of household, 1616-17.
  38. ^ Sir Henry Wotton (1568-1639), diplomatist and poet; son of Thomas Wottou (1521-1587) q. v.1; of Winchester and New and Queen's colleges, Oxford: B.A., 1588; travelled on continent; entered Middle Temple, 1595; became agent and secretary to Earl of Essex, 1595, and was employed by him in collecting foreign intelligence; settled at Venice, and there wrote * The State of Christendom(published, 1657): knighted, 1603: ambassador at court of Venice, 1604-12, 1616-19, and 1621-4; while on a visit to Augsburg, wrote in his host's album a definition of an ambassador peregre missus ad nientiendum Reipublicae causa which Scioppius mentioned in his printed diatribe against.lames I, 1611: M.P., Appleby, 1614; went on diplomatic missions to France, 1612, the Hague, 1614, and Vienna, 1620; provostof Eton, 1624-39: M.P., Sandwich, 1G25: received deacon's orders, 1627. He published Element* of Architecture 1624. A collection of his poetical and other writings appeared under the titleReliqnue VVottonianae (containing his famous Character of a Happy Life and On his Mistress, the Queen of Bohemia), 1G51 (enlarged editions, 1672 and 1685).
  39. ^ Nicholas Wotton (1497?–1567), secretary of state, diplomatist, and dean of Canterbury and York; brother of Sir Edward Wotton; perhaps graduated in civil and canon law at Oxford; studied in Italy and was D.C.L. and D.D.; held living of Boughton Malherbe, 1517; vicar of Sutton Valence, 1518-30; official to Tunstall, bishop of London: in France on business relating to Henry VIII's divorce, 1530: received living of Ivychurch, 1530; commissary of faculties to Cranmer, 1538: one of ambassadors sent to negotiate Henry VIII's marriage with Anne of Cleves, 1539; nominated archdeacon of Gloucester, 1539; sole ambassador to dukes of Saxony and Cleves, 1539; dean of Canterbury, 1641; dean of York, 1544; prebendary of York, 1546: sent to coiu-t of Charles V's sister Mary, regent of the Netherlands. 1543, and later to court of Charles V; privy councillor, UlG: commissioner to arrange peace with France, 154G: r-ident ambassador in France, 154G-9 and 1853-7; secretary of stiitr, 1549-50; ambassador to Charles V, 1551; again -o:ninis-ioner for peace with France, IMS; jolnt-anibo*su.tor to Scotland, 1560; sent to arrange commercial ith N tli er lands, 1665-6.
  40. ^ Thomas Wotton (1521–1587), son of Sir Edward Wotton; imprisoned, 16M, probably for hi. religions opinions; sheriff of Kent, 1558 and 1179. J5WL
  41. ^ Thomas Wotton (f. 1766), Baronetage bookseller In London; warden of Station.. Company, 1754, and master, 1767: pnblUhed English Baronetage. Being a Genealogical and Historical Amount of their Families 1727.
  42. ^ William Wotton (1666-l727), scholar; acquired at early age knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew; B.A. Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1679; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1683; M.A., 1683; B.D., 1691; F.R.S., 1687; published Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning (1694), a contribution on side of the moderns to the controversy between Sir William Temple and Monsieur Perrault; received living of Llandrillo-yn-Rhos, 1691; rector of Middleton Keynes; prebendary of Salisbury, 1705-26: D.D. Lambeth, 1707; published theological and other works.
  43. ^ William Woty (1731?–1791), versifier; worked as clerk to a solicitor in London, and later as a Grub-street writer; published poetical writings.
  44. ^ Peter Woulfe (1727?–1803), chemist and mineralogist; first discovered native tin in Cornwall, 1768; l.K.s., 17t57; invented Woulfe's bottle (an apparatus for the passing of gases through liquids); received Copley medal for paper (1767) on Experiments on Distillation of Acute &c., 1768; believer in alchemy.
  45. ^ Stephen Woulfe (1787–1840), Irish judge; educated at Stonyhurst and Trinity College, Dublin; called to Irish bar, 1814; took part in Irish politics as agitator for Roman catholic emancipation; crown counsel for Minister, 1830; third serjeant, 1834; M.P., Cashel, 1836-8; solicitor-general for Ireland, 1836, and attorney-general, 1837; chief-baron of Irish exchequer, 1838, being the first Roman catholic appointed.
  46. ^ Francis Wrangham (1769 - 1842), classical scholar and miscellaneous writer; B.A., second Smith's prizeman, and senior chancellor's medallist, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1790, as third wrangler; M.A., 1793; rector of Huumanby-with-Muston, near Filey, and vicar of Folkton, Yorkshire, 1795; won several prizes for poems at Cambridge; F.R.S., 1804; examining chaplain to Vemon Harcourt, archbishop of York, 1814-34; archdeacon of Cleveland, 1820-8, and of East Riding, 1828-41; vicar of Thorpe Bassett, 1820-7; prebendary of York, 1823, and of Chester, 1827; member of Bannatyne and Roxburghe Clubs. His works include The British Plutarclt new edit., 1816, translations from Homer, Virgil, and Horace, and numerous theological, poetical, and other writings. He founded, 1842, a prize at Trinity College. Cambridge, whither he removed from Trinity Hall. c. 1792.
  47. ^ Albert Henry Wratislaw (1822–1892), Slavonic scholar; educated at Rugby and Trinity and Christ's colleges, Cambridge; B.A., 1844; fellow of Christ's College, 1844-53; M.A., 1847; visited Bohemia and studied Czech language; head-master of Feist school, 1850-5, and of King Edward VI's grammar school, Bury St. Edmunds, 1855-79; held living of Mauorbier, Pembrokeshire, 1879-89; published numerous prose ai verse translations from Slavonic languages, including Adventures of Baron Wenceslas Wratislaw of Mitrowitz, 1862, and The Queen's Court Manuscript, with other ancient Bohemian Poems (written 1290), 1862 UL 6g..
  48. ^ Sir Frederic Charles Las Wraxall, third baronet (1828–1865), miscellaneous writer; grandson of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall: of M Mary Hall, Oxford; first-class assistant commissary, with rank of captain, in Turkish contingent in Crimea, 1855; conducted Naval and Military Gazette, 1868, an The Welcome Guest 1860-1; published "The Life and Times of Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and way, 1864, several novels, and works on military matters.
  49. ^ Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall, first baronet (1751-1811), author of historical memoirs; joined civil service of East India Company and went to Bombay, 1769; judge-advocate and paymaster of forces in Guzerat expedition and that against Baroche, 1771; returned to England, 1772; engaged by Danish nobles in negotiations with George III with view to replacing George's sister Caroline Matilda (d. 1775) throne of Denmark, 1774-5; M.P., Hindon, 1780, Ludgershall, 1784, Waiting, ford. 1790-4; acted as agent for the nabob of Arcot; created baronet, 1813; published, 1815, Historical Memoirs of my own Time, 1772-1784, which excited much hostile criticism, though its portraits of minor historical characters are of real historical value. His other works include Posthumous Memoirs of his own Time, 1836, and several volumes relating to history of France, to continental courts, and to his travels. The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs were edited by Mr. H. B. Wheatley, 1884.
  50. ^ Sir Cecil Wray , thirteenth baronet (1714-1806), politician; cornet, 1st dragoons, 1766 7;,-mpUln of troop of yeomanry; M.P, Bast Kcdord, 17M-M, Westminster. 1782-4 contested Westminster nnsiinnsMfiiilj against Hood and Fox, 17W, the election attracting wide notice in satire and caricature.
  51. ^ Sir Christopher Wray (1524-1593) judge; educated at Buckingham (afterwards Ma*lalens) College, Cambridge, of which he became a liberal barrister, Lincoln's Inn. 1560, treasurer 1562 and 1587; serjeant-at-law, 1M7; 1567; M.P., Borooithbridje, Yorkshire, 1 idje, Y 166S-7. ,, *rrjut, 6U-8, lirwt ll, WUtnlilrr. (irinuby, Lincoln-hire, 156S-7. Ladgcmuall, WUtnlilrr. 1571; upraker of House of Commons, 1571: jastkv, 1579. hief- justice, 1574, of queen's bench: on i and I commission, 1589; assessor to tribuiml at FVAherincay liefore which Mary Queen of Soots pleadMl in vain for her life, 1586.
  52. ^ Sir Christopher Wray (1601–1646 grandson of Sir Christopher Wray (1524-1693); jcnigfctol, 1623: M.P. for Great Grimsby in Long parliament; commissioner of admiralty, 1646.
  53. ^ Danikl Weay (1701–1783), antiquary: M.V. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1728; Incorporated at oxford, 1731; F.Rk, 1729; FJBJU 1741; depatf-tdler of . exchequer to Philip Yorke (afterwards ssoood Earl of Hunlwicke), 1744-82: trustee of British Museum, 17G6; published and left writings on antiquarian sub jecte. He is among those Junlus. ho hare bewi idenUfled with
  54. ^ Sir Drdry Wray (16H-1710), sou of 8. r topher Wray (1601-1646); succeeded a* ninth baronrt of Glentworth, c. 1689; fought for James 11 at battle of Boyne.
  55. ^ Sib John Whay (1686–1666), baronet; psrllamentarlan: knighted, 1612: succeeded to baronet. M.P., Lincoln, in Charles IV first, third, and fourth twrliament-, aixl in Lonif parliament: hUrh lHTltT litfliirc: opposed forced loan and hip-mot* covenant. 1643; one of conwrvators of land,.1046; one of early patrons of
  56. ^ Sir Christopher Wren (16W-1723), son of Christopher Wren (1591-1668), who was dean of Windsor, 1636-58; born st East Knoyle; of Westminster School and Wadham College, Oxford: 1LA, 16M; fellow of All Souls College l6t-l: rofessor of astronomy at wit of Sonomy at Oxford 1WI-7I: D.C.L. Oxford and LL.D. Cambridge, 1661; Initiated experlmeute on sob)eot of variations of the barometer: devoted much attention to anatomical and medical subjects; prompt member of the circle which was incorporated as the Royal Society, SreTup preamble of the eWter, 1MO, was prer"1680-2, and made original oommunicatioi t.vtutv, Lf) built ( Sbeklontan , London5te7"ar; ! * ** w general and principal architect for the whole city: appointed sole deputy to Denham as surveyor general of royal work?, 1(569, and succeeded Deuham on bis death later in yi-ar: eni-d in pullin-r down anl it-building St. Paul's Cathedral, 1668; completed flrst design for new cathedral, 1673, but was compelled, after a start had been made, to abandon it: obtained roval approval, 1675, of design which he modified into that of* present existing cathedral (choir opened for service, 1697): dismissed from superintendence, the work being reported as finished, 1716: made designs for rebuilding of Temple Bar, 1670-2, and various works in the Temple: comptroller of works in Windsor Castle, 1684; M.P., Plymptou, 1685, Windsor in Convention parliament, 1689, Weymouth, 1701; built fifty-two churches in London, among the most notable of which were (1670-5) St. Benet Fink, St. Mary-at-Hill, St. Mary-le-Bow, St. Stephen Walbrook, and St. Dionis Backchurch( 1675-80), 8U Ann and St. Agnes, St. Bride, St. Lawrence, and St. S within, (1680-5) All Hallows, Thames Street, St. Antholin, St. Clement Danes, St. James, Garlickhithe, St. James, Westminster, St. Martin. Ludgate, St. Mary Magdalene, Old Fish Street, and St. Peter, Cornhill, (1685-90) St. Andrew, Holboru, St. Mary, Lothbury, and St. Mary Abchun-h, (1690-5) St. Michael Royal, St. Augustiu and St. Faith (spire), St. Mary Somerset (tower), St. Vedast (the steeple), (1700) steeple of St. Dunstan-iu-the-Eust, (1704) steeple of Christ Church, Newgate Street, (1705) and that of St. Magnus; steeple of St. Michael, Cornhill, built from his designs in 1722; was appointed surveyor to Westminster Abbey, 1698, and executed repairs and designs for additions, including the western towers (which, however, were completed with new details by his successors); built Monument commemorating fire of London, 1671-8, library of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1677-92, Chelsea Hospital, 1682, Marlborough House, London, and numerous additions to Hampton Court Palace; superseded iu office of surveyor general, 1718; buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. His portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller is in the National Portrait Gallery.
  57. ^ Christopher Wren (1675–1747), biographer; son of Sir Christopher Wren; of Eton and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; M.P., Windsor, 1713-15; collected documents which form the Parentalia published by Stephen Wren (1750).
  58. ^ Matthew Wren (1585–1667), bishop of Ely ; B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, J.805; fellow, 1605; M.A., 1608; incorporated at Oxford, 1608; chaplain to Prince Charles, 1622; D.D. Cambridge, 1623, Oxford, 1636; prebendary of Winchester, 1623; master of Peterhouse, 1635; dean of Windsor and registrar of the Garter, 1628; clerk of the closet, 1633: governor of Charterhouse, London, 1634; bishop of Hereford, 1634; prebendary of Westminster, 1635; bishop of Norwich. 1635; dean of Chapel Royal, London, 1636-41; bishop of Ely, 1638; acted under supervision of Laud, after whose impeachment he was imprisoned in Tower of London, 1642-60.
  59. ^ Matthew Wren (1629–1672), son of Matthew Wren (1685-1667); M.A. Oxford, 1661; secretary to Clarendon, 1660-7; M.P. for St. Michael, 1661-72; one of original council of Royal Society, 1662.
  60. ^ Benjamin Wrench (1778–1843), actor: joined Tate Wilkinson's company and played at York and Edinburgh, his parts including Othello; at Bath, 1805, at Drury Lane, London, 1809-15, playing, among other parts, Captain Absolute and Loveless Trip to Scarborough); made great success as Corinthian Tom in Moncriefl" s 'Tom and Jerryat Adelphi, London, 1821; in London at Covent Garden, 1826, Lyceum, 1830, and Olympic, 1840; last appeared at Haymarket, London.
  61. ^ Ralph Wrenn (d. 1692), commodore; lieutenant in Mediterranean, 1679-81; commander, 1681: at the Nore, 1688; commodore. 1690: in West Indies. 1691; died of sickness after bravely fought action with French.
  62. ^ Sir Bourchier Wrey (d. 1696), baronet; commanded regiment of horse after Restoration: M.P. for Liskeard, 1678-9 and 1689-96, Devonshire, 1685; fought two duels with members of parliament.
  63. ^ Sir Bourchier Wrey (1714–1784), dilettante; grandson of Sir Bourchier Wrey (d. 1696); baronet; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford: M.P. for Barnstaple, 1748; member of Society of Dilettanti, 1741.
  64. ^ Abraham Wright (1611–1690), divine and author; educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow, 1632; M.A., 1637; appointed vicar of Oakhuin, Rutland, 1645, but did not t;ikt- possession till 1660; expelled from fellowship by parliamentary commission; minister of St. Olave in Silver Street. London. 1655-9; published Delitiae Delitiarum (a collection of epigrams), 1637, Parnassus Biceps (a collection of poetical pieces), 1656, and several religious and other works.
  65. ^ Christopher Wright (1570?–1605), conspirator; employed in Spain to solicit aid for Roman catholics in England, 1G03; brother of John Wright (1568?-1605), with whom he was killed at Holbeche.
  66. ^ Edward Wright (1558?–1615), mathematician and hydrographer; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1584; fellow, 1587-96; accompanied George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland, in voyage to Azores, 1589; published, 1599, Certaine Errors in Navigation, arising either of the... sea chart, compasse, crosse staffe, and tables of declination of the sunne and fixed starres, detected and corrected which with other works by him effected a revolution in the science of navigation.
  67. ^ Edward Richard Wright (1813–1859), actor; in trade in London; appeared in London at Queen's Theatre, 1834, St. James's, 1837; acted chiefly at Adelphi, London, from 1838; successively at Princess's, Lyceum, Haymarket, and Sadler's Wells, London, 1852-5; among his best-known impersonations Master Grinnidge in Green Bushes and John Grumley in Domestic Economy
  68. ^ Fortunatus Wright (f. 1757), merchant and privateer; engaged in business at Liverpool; settled as merchant at Leghorn, c. 1741: commanded a privateer, 1746; imprisoned by Tuscan government for seizing Turkish property on board a French ship, 1747-8; again engaged as privateer on declaration of war, 1756, and after several prizes was probably lost at sea.
  69. ^ Frances Wright (1795–1852). See Frances Darusmont.
  70. ^ George Newenham Wright (1790?–1877), miscellaneous writer; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1814; M.A., 1817; M.A. Oxford, 1836; ordained priest, 1818; reader of St. Mary Woolnoth, London; master of Tewkesbury grammar school; published topographical, biographical, and other writings.
  71. ^ Ichabod Charles Wright (1795–1871), translator of Dante; of Eton and Obrist Church, Oxford; M.A., 1820; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1819-25; joint-manager of bank at Nottingham, 1825; published metrical translations of Dante's Divina Commedia 1833-40, and Homer's Iliad 1859-64, and works ou economical questions.
  72. ^ James Wright (1643–1713), antiquary and miscellaneous writer: son of Abraham Wright; entered New Inn, 1666; barrister, Middle Temple, 1672: publishedHistoria Histrionica 1699,Country Conversations 1694, History and Antiquities of... Rutland 1684, and other works.
  73. ^ Sir James Wright , first baronet (1716–1785), governor of Georgia; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1741; practised at Charleston and was attorney-general of South Carolina, c. 1739; agent for the colony in England; lieutenant-governor of Georgia, 1760: captain-general and governor-iu-chief 1761: exerted his influence in support of home government on passing of Stamp Act, 1765: in England, 1771-3; created baronet, 1772: compelled to fly from opposition of colonial patriots, 1776, and was in England, 1776-8; was sent, 1779, to reorganise government of Georgia on its recovery by (Sir) Archibald Campbell (1739-1791), but receiving orders to abandon the province, 1782, proceeded to England, where he died.
  74. ^ John Wright (1568?-1605), conspirator : became a Roman catholic, c. 1601, when he was implicated in Essex's rising; one of flrst initiated by Catesby into Gunpowder plot, 1604; died of wounds received from Sir Richard Walsh's men at Holbeche.
  75. ^ John Wright (1805–1843?), Scottish poet; son of a coal-driver of Sorn, Ayrshire; apprenticed as weaver; found patrons at Edinburgh, awl published, 1825, "The Retrospect and other po-m-, -.v)i:,-li attmcted considerable notice; hi.s Whole Poetical Works public
  76. ^ John Wright (1770–1844), bookseller and author; apprenticed to a silk-mercer; opened business as bookseller in Piccadilly, London, his shop becoming the general morn in i: resort of the friend- of 1'itf- m-.ntry published theAnti-Jacobin edited by WUUamCHflari (1756-1H26), 1797-8; came into contact with William Cobbett, became his hack, and supcrinu-ndi-d publication ofWeekly Political Register edited OobIxitt's Parliamentary History Parliamentary Del and State Trials but afterwards quarrelled with was employed in literary work by the publishers John Murray (1778-1843) fq. v. and Richard Bentley (17941871), and edited various works, includingSir Henry Cavendish's Debates of the House of Commons (forty-eight volumes of shorthand notes), 1839-4S.
  77. ^ John Masey Wright (1777–1866), water-coloar painter: apprenticed as organ-builder; worked on panoramas for Henry Aston Barker; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1812-18; member of Water-colour Society, 1HU5; illustrated Shakespeare and other poete.
  78. ^ John Michael Wright (1625?-1700), portraitpainter; perhaps pupil of George Jamesone; studied and resided in Italy; practised in England during Commonwealth and later, and became rival of Lely; painted many portraits of judges placed in Guildhall; major domo in suite of Roger Palmer, earl of Castlemaine, in embassy from James II to Innocent XI at Rome, 1686; signed his picturesJ. M. Hitu-. 1
  79. ^ John Wesley Wright (1769–1806), commander in navy; at siege of Gibraltar, 1781-3: in merchant's office in London, 1785; visited Russia; midshipman, with Sir William Sidney Smith, 1794; prisoner in France, 1796-8; lieutenant, 1800; was captured at Quiberon Bay, 1804, and died mysteriously in Paris.
  80. ^ John William Wright (1802–1848), watercolour-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1825; member of Water-colour Society, 1842, and secretary. 1844.
  81. ^ Joseph Wright (1756–1793), portrait-painter; sou of Mrs. Patience Wright; first draughtsman and die-sinker to mint at Philadelphia.
  82. ^ Joseph Wright (1734–1797), painter ; born at Derby, where he practised as portrait-painter; exhibited at Society of Artists in London, chiefly candlelight or firelight scenes, 1765-73, and chiefly scenes of conflagration from 1773; in Italy, 1773-5; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1778-82, chiefly scenes in Italy; A.R.A., 1781: was elected R.A., 1784, but declined honour; painted scene fromTempestfor Boydell'sShakespeare Gallery among his best-known works "The Orrery* (1766), 'The Gladiator* (1765),The Air-pump(1768, in National Gallery),Edwin* andMaria(e. 1780), and A Dead Soldier (1789). His portrait by himself is in the National Portrait Gallery.
  83. ^ Laurence Wright (1590–1657), physician: B.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1609: M.A., 1618; F.R.C.P., 1622, censor, 1628 and 16:19, and concihanus, 1647 and 1650-7; physician iu ordinary to Cromwell and to the London Charterhouse, 1624-43.
  84. ^ Lawrence Wright (d. 1713), commodore; lieutenant in 1665; captain, e. 1672 m " ore " d **: mander-in-chief of expedition to West Indies, 1689; with General Codrlngtoii reduced St. Christopher's took possessiou of St. Eustatius, and made unsuccessful attack on Guadeloupe: commissioner of. UM i ( 1 l 7 % r ?: extra commissioner on navy board, 1713. Ixiii. Ill
  85. ^ Leonard Wright (ft. 1591), controversialist; a prominent champion of the bishopscause in Martin Mar-Prelate controversy.
  86. ^ Sir Nathan Wright (1654–1721), judge : educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge; barrister, Innt Temple, 1677, bencher, 1692; recorder of Leicester, 161 and 1688; junior counsel for "own against i bishops, 1688: serjeant-at-law, 1692; knighted and made king's scrjcaiit, 1697; lord keeper of great teal and privy councillor, 1700: dtnii.ed from andQodofo D.,:: i:. 11 I
  87. ^ Patience Wright (1725-1786) waxa-modeller; nee Lovell; born at Bordentown, New Jersey; practised as portrait-modeller in wax and came to London, 1772.
  88. ^ Peter Wright (1603-1651), jesuit; born in Northamptonshire; enlited in the English army in Holland, but soon left it, and joined the jesuits at Watten, 1629; studied at Liege and was (1639) prefect in the English jesuit college at St, Omer; camp commissioner to the English and Irish forced at Ghent, 1642; missioner in England; condemned under the statute 27 Elizabeth and hanged at Tyburn
  89. ^ Rioha Wright llD (1735-1775?) n exhibited with Society of Artista, London, and 1773. between 17*,
  90. ^ Richard Wright ((1764-1836) Unitarian missionary; apprenticed to a shopkeeper: joined church at Guwtwick, 1780, but was exoomni rfflaH pnMhissj net rill a*Jesr 1 I Mpl and SabeUlan particular baptist congregations at Norwioh and Wlsbech: joined Unitarians and travelled M missionary in England, Wales, and Scotland: baptist minister at Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 189, and Kirkstead, Lincolnshire, 1827; published theological writing*.
  91. ^ Robert Wright (1553?-15M 71 Trinity College, Cambridge, 1171; M.A., 174: porated M.A. Oxford, 1677; tutor to Robert Noond earl of Bwex; clerk of stable* when EMU Queen Eliaibeth's master of the bone.
  92. ^ Robert Wright (1556?-1624), divine: MJL Trinity College, Cambridge, 1578: Inoorporatod M.A. Oxford, 1681; ordained hi Genevan form at Antwerp: chaplain to Robert, second lord Rich, e. It80: impriagned in Fleet by court of ecclesiastical oommlMion, 1681-2; rector of Dennington, Suffolk, 1184-1614.
  93. ^ Robert Wright (1560–1643), bUbop of Bristol and of Lichfleld and Coventry; H.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1680; fellow, 1681: M.A., 1684; D.D., 1697; canon ridentiiiry and treasurer of Wells, 1601: rJMmiihi to Queen Elizabeth; chaplain in ordinary to James I; flnt wanlcn of Wadbatn CoUege, Oxford, 1611: bishop f Bristol, 1622, and of Lichfleld and Coventry, 1632; acted with Laud in crines of 1640 and after: committed to Tower of London for participation In the protest of the eleven bishops, 1641; died at Ecclesball Hall during siege by Sir William Brereton.
  94. ^ Robert Wright alias Danvers, called Viscount Purbeck (1621?–1674).
  95. ^ Sir Robert Wright (d. 1689), lord chief Justice : tcr, Uncotn 1 * M A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1661; i Inn; went Norfolk circuit; M.P., King's Lynn, 1668; counsel for Cambridge University. 1678: serjeant, 1679; king's serjeant, 1680; knighted, 16*0: chief-justice of Glamorgan, 1681; baron of exchequer, 1684; recorder of Cambridge, 1685; accompanied Jeffrey, on western assizes after Monmouth'n rebellion: removed to kingN bench. , 1686; chief-justice of common pleas, 1687; chief- juUce of king's bench, 1687; sent ax ecclesiastical ontnmissioimr t. Oxford, 1687; presided at trial of seven bishops, 1688; impeached of high treason by William of Orange, 1688; died in Newgate.
  96. ^ Samuel Wright (168J-1746), dissenting divine; studied at nonconformist academy of Timothy Jollie (1669?-1714) at Attercliffe; ordained minister of congregation at Meeting House Court, KniKbtndrr Street, London 1708; lecturer at Seller tlall. LO.R!OU, 1714; trustee of Dr. Williams foundation- Kdin hnnrh, 1729: removed to mUur IKM** in Carter Lane. Commons, London, 1734; published tbeokgeal IIXUL IT* j
  97. ^ Thomas Wright (fl.–1604), philosopher; protege of Henry Wriothesley, third earl of Southampton [q.v.]; published philosophical writings.
  98. ^ Thomas Wright (d. 1624 ?), Roman catholic controversialist; reader of divinity in English College, Douay, 1569; D.D.; worked on mision in Yorkshire, and was frequently imprisoned, 1577-85; vice-president of English College at Douay, when temporarily removed to Rbeims; dean of Courtmy.
  99. ^ Thomas Wright (1711–1786), natural philosopher: was offered, but declined, the professorship of mathematics at the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg; anticipated the modern physico-philosophical theory of the material universe; published Louthiana.or an introduction to the Antiquities of Ireland 1748, and other works.
  100. ^ Thomas Wright (1792–1849), engraver and portrait-painter; apprenticed to Henry Meyer; assistant to William Thomas Fry; associated with George Da we, whom he accompanied in St. Petersburg, 1822-6; again in Russia, 1830-45.
  101. ^ Thomas Wright (1789–1876), prison philanthropist; apprenticed to an iron-founder and became foreman; joined congregationalists, 1817; deacon of chapel in Grortveuor Street, Piccadilly, London, 1825-75; began work of reclamation of discharged prisoners, and obtained permission to visit Salford prison, c. 1838; offered, but declined, post of government travelling inspector of prisons.
  102. ^ Thomas Wright (1810–1877), antiquary; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1837; published History of Essex 1831-6; came to London, 1836, and devoted himself to literary work, chiefly antiquarian; F.S.A., 1837; honorary secretory of Camden Society, 1838; treasurer and secretary of Percy Society, 1841, editing for these and other societies, including the Historical Society of Science and Royal Society of Literature, many publications; produced several works in collaboration with James Orchard Halliwell (afterwards Halliwell-Philipps); assisted in founding British Archaeological Association, 1843; superintended work of excavating site of Roman city at Wroxeter, 1859. His publications include Queen Elizabeth and her Times 1838, and History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England during the Middle Ages, 1862.
  103. ^ Thomas Wright (1809–1884), physician and geologist; articled as surgeon in Paisley, Renfrewshire; studied at Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, and qualified, 1832; practised at Cheltenham, and was surgeon to the general hospital; M.D. St Andrews, 1846: studied palaeontology and formed valuable collection of Jurassic fossils; F.R.S.E., 1855; F.G.S., 1859, and Rollastou medallist, 1878; F.R.S., 1879; published geological writings.
  104. ^ Waller Rodwell Wright (d. 1826), author of Horae Ionicae; British consul-general for republic of Ionian Islands, 1800-4; president of court of appeals at Malta; published Horae Ionicae: a Poem descriptive of the Ionian Islands 1809.
  105. ^ William Wright (1563–1639), Jesuit; born at York; educated at English College, Rome; entered Society of Jesus, 1581; professed of four vows, 1602; professor of philosophy and theolosy at Grata.in Styria, and at Vienna; IXD. Ir.it.; joined Kuplish mission, 1606; founded missions, originally called Residence of St. Anne, in Leicestershire; rector of the college and in 1636 minister; vehemently opposed oath of allegiance and supremacy devised by James I's government; published theological writings.
  106. ^ William Wright (1735–1819), physician and botanist; apprenticed as surgeon at Falkirk; studied at Edinburgh University; served as surgeon's mate at Rhe, Lagos, and in West Indies; M.D. St. Andrews; settled in partnership at Hampden, Trelawny. Jamaica; honorary surgeon-general of Jamaica, 1774; came to England, 1777; sailed as regimental surgeon to Jamaica regiment, 1779; captured by French: again sailed for Jamaica, 1782: physician-general of Jamaica, 1784; returned to England, 1785, and settled at Edinburgh; physician to expedition to West Indies under Sir Ralph Abercromby, 1796-8; original member and vice-president of Wernerian Society, 1808; FJl.S.. 1778; president of Royal College of I'hyi-icmiiN Edinburgh, ISol: associate of Linnean Society, 1807; mad- valuable natural-history collections rdrtting largely to botany of Jamaica.
  107. ^ William Wright (1773–1860), aural surgeon; piactibtid in Bristol, and from 1817 in London; surgeou aurist in ordinary to Queen Charlotte, 1817; published works relating to diseases of the ear.
  108. ^ William Wright (1830–1889), orientalist; graduated at St. Andrews; studied oriental languages at Halle and Leyden; professor of Arabic at University College, London, 1855-6, and Trinity College, Dublin, 1856-61; held post in department of manuscripts at British Museum, 18G1-70, and prepared catalogue of Syriac manuscripts; Sir Thomas Adams's professor of Arabic at Cambridge, 1870-89; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge; member of Old Testament revision committee; works include (Arabic) Travels of Ibn Jubair (1852), Opuscula Arabica (1859), Kamil of Al-Mubarrad (1864-82), an Arabic Grammar(1859), and (Syriac) Book of Kalilah and Dimuah (1883).
  109. ^ William Wright (1837–1899), missionary and author; studied at Belfast Royal Academical Institution and Queen's College, Belfast; studied theology at Geneva; missionary to Jews at Damascus, c. 1865; editorial superintendent of British and Foreign Bible Society, 1876-99; published Empire of the Hittites 1884, having made casts of and investigated the Hamath inscriptions, and other works.
  110. ^ Lord Wrightsland (1569–1622). See Sir Lewis Craig.
  111. ^ Charles Wriothesley (1508?–1562), herald and chronicler: son of Sir Thomas Wriothesley (d. 1534) ; Rouge Oroix pursuivant, 1525; entered Gray's Inn, 1529; Windsor herald, 1534-62; wrote chronicle known as Wriothesley's Chronicle mainly a continuation of chronicle of Richard Arnold
  112. ^ Henry Wriothesley, second EARL OF SOUTHAmpton (1645–1581), sou of Sir Thomas Wriothesley, flrst earl of Southampton; succeeded to title, 1550; became involved in scheme for marrying Mary Queen of Scots to Duke of Norfolk, 1569; arrested and confined in Tower of London for conspiracy with Roman catholics, 1569-73.
  113. ^ Henry Wriothesley , third EARL OP SOUTHAmpton (1573–1624), Shakespeare's patron ; son of Henry Wriothesley, second earl of Southampton; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1589; entered Gray's Inn; became patron of John Florio; presented to Queen Elizabeth, 1590; patron of the poets, including Shakespeare, who dedicated to him Venus and Adonis 1593, and Lucrece 1694, and probably enjoyed relations of close intimacy with him; sometimes identified with the anonymous friend and patron described by Shakespeare in his sonnets (published, 1609, but circulated in manuscript earlier), the rival in the patron's esteem (see the Sonnets) perhaps being Barnabe Barnes; involved himself in intrigue with Elizabeth Veruou, one of the queen's waiting- women, 1595, and withdrew from court, 1596; volunteer under Essex in expeditions to Cadiz, 1596, and Azores, 1597; accompanied Sir Robert Cecil on embassy to Paris, 1598; secretly married Elizabeth Vernou and incurred Queen Elizabeth's displeasure; went with Essex to Ireland, 1699, and became involved in Essex's conspiracy; ordered performance at Globe Theatre, London, 7 Feb. 1601, of Shakespeare's Richard II to excite public feeling by presenting on the stage the deposition of a king, and took part in unsuccessful outbreak under Essex, 8 Feb.; imprisoned in Tower of London and condemned to death, but his punishment commuted to imprisonment for life; released by James I, 1603, and made K.G. and captain of Isle of Wight and Oarisbrooke Castle; recreated Earl of Southampton, 1603; joined the queen's council, 1604; helped to equip Weymouth's expedition to Virginia, 1605; member of Virginia Company's council, 1609, and treasurer, 1620-4; member of East India Company, 1609; incorporator of North-west Passage Company, 1612, and of Somers Island Company, 1615; volunteer in war in Oleves, 1614; privy councillor, 1619; joined opponents of Buckingham; took command of troop of English volunteers in Low Countries, and died of fever at Bergen-op-Zoom.
  114. ^ Wriothesley (more correctly WKITH or Wu VTHK), Sin JOHN (d. 1504), Garter klug-of-arms; faucou li.-ntM in reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV; Norroy kinuofarms, 1477; Garter kiug-of-aruis, 1479; head of College of Heralds on its incorporation, 1483.
  115. ^ Wriothesley (formerly WKITII), SIH THOMAS (d. 1534), Garter king-of-arms; HOD of Sir John Wriotbesley or Writh; Wallingfortl pursuivant, 1489; Garter king-of-anns, 1504; officiated at jouste held at Tournay, 1513; knighted by Ferdinand, archduke of Austria, at Nuremberg; left antiquarian and heraldic manuscripts and collections.
  116. ^ Sih Thomas Wriothesley , first BARON Wriothsley of Titchfield and EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON (1505-1650), lord chancellor of England: trraiidMin,,Jolin Wriothesley or Writh: of King's Hall or 8t John's College, Cambridge; clerk of signet, 1530; entered Gray's Inn, 1534;graverof the Tower of Lomlon, 1536; umb;is-;i'hr to regent of Netherlands, Mary, queen of 1 1 angary, to propose marriage between Henry VIII and Duchess of Milan, 1538; knight of shin- for Southampton, l.Vt'j; joint principal secretary, 1540; knighted, 1540; constable of Southampton Castle, 1541; formulated (1543) offensive and defensive league between Charles V ami Henry VUI, which resulted In joint Invasion of France, 1544; created Baron Wriothesley, 1644; lord chancellor, 1544; K.G., 1545; appointed by Henry VIII one of hU executors and privy councillor to Edward VI; created Earl of Southampton, 1547; deprived of office for issuing commission to four civilians to hear chancery cases in his absence without consulting his fellow executors; readmitted to council, e. 1548; joined Warwick's opposition to Thomas Seymour, baron Seymour of Suileley, and the Protector; abandoned by Warwick, and struck off list of councillors, 1550.
  117. ^ Thomas Wrjothesley , fourth EARL OF SOUTHAmpton (1607–1667), son of Henry Wriothesley, third earl of Southampton; succeeded to title, 1634; of Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford; supported resolution of House of Commons that redress of grievances should precede supply, but subsequently joined Charles I; privy councillor, 1642; became one of Charles I's closest advisers, making repeated efforts for peace; after Charles I's execution lived in retirement in country: privy councillor to Charles II and K.G.; lord high treasurer of England, 1660-7; opposed in council and parliament bill for liberty of conscience, 1663.
  118. ^ Clement Writer (fl. 1627–1658), 'anti-scripturist'; clothier in Worcester; originally a presbyterian; subsequently became notorious through his attacks on the infallibility of the bible; engaged in controversy with Richard Baxter
  119. ^ John Wroe (1782–1863), fanatic ; in business with his father as farmer, worsted manufacturer, and collier; set up independently, c. 1810; began to show symptoms of mania, 1817, and came under influence of George Turner of Leeds (d. 1821), who then led the followers of Joanna Southoott; claimed succession to Turner's leadership, 1822, and travelled in many parts of Europe, his followers calling themselvesChristian Israelites,* and employing a room at Ashton as sanctuary; being driven from Ashton, 1831, travelled in Australia, New Zealand, and America, and found numerous disciples; died at Melbourne. Hisdivine communications * were Issued In various publications by members of his sect.
  120. ^ Richard Wroe (1641–1717), warden of Manchester church; B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1661; M.A., 1665; B.D., 1672; D.D., 1686; incorporated M.A. Oxford, 1669; admitted fellow of college at Manchester, 1675; prebendary of Chester, 1678; warden of Manchester College, 1684; published sermons.
  121. ^ Sir Henry Wroth (d. 1671), royalist; grandson of Sir Robert Wroth; patron of Thomas Fuller.
  122. ^ Lady Mary Wroth (fl. 1621), author of Urania; eldest daughter of Robert Sidney, first earl of Leicester; married Sir Robert, eldest son of Sir Robert Wroth, 1604; patroness of contemporary literature; verses inscribed to her by many poets; published, 1621,The Couutesseof Mountgomerie's Urania, a close imitation of the Arcadia of her uncle, Sir Philip Sidney.
  123. ^ Sir Robert Wroth (1540?–1606), member of parliament; son of Sir Thomas Wroth (W16-1W3): entered St. John's College, Cambridge, 1553; M.P., St. Albans, 1563, Middlesex, 157:!, 1585, 1589, 1601, and
  124. ^ Sir Thomas Wroth (1516-1573), politician; to Morocco, IMi, being priTT to Snffoilrt Moood rM*. liH, fled to continent tUl boeeo WabUlrt rmSS 1IM: oommiMlooertOTUtdiooMiof Byud Nonrieh, 1M9; special commtsekmer to consult with tord depot* on government of Ireland, IMS; commissioner for lord-lieutenancy of London.
  125. ^ Sir Thomas Wroth (1584-1672), parliamentarian and author; entered Gloucester Hall (aYl cester OollegeX Oxford, 1600. and Inner Temple, 1606; knighted, 1618; subscribed to ~ A..r member of council for New England, 16JO: for government of Bermuda*, 16M: MP., 1627-8, In Long parliament, 1640, 16*6, 16*8, moved resolution that Cliaries I should be impeached and the kingdom settled without him, 1648; took engagement 1649, and wa one of judge* appointed to try Charles I, but attended only one
  126. ^ William Wroth (1576?-1642), Welsh nonconformist; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1605; held rectories in Monmouthshire; formed at Llan Faches first separatist church in Wales, 1639.
  127. ^ William de Wrotham (d. 1217), judge; probably custos of stannaries of Devonshire and Cornwall, 1199-1213; custos galearum, 1205; joint custodian of temporalities of bishopric of Bath and abbey of Glastonbury: custodian of temporalities of bishopric of Winchester, 1206; canon of Wells and archdeacon of Taunton, 1204; probably warden of seaports during King John's reign.
  128. ^ Sir John Wrottesley , first Baron Wrottesley (1771-1841); of Westminster School; whig M.P. for Lichfield, 1799 and 1802, Staffordshire, 1822, and southern Staffordshire, 1823-37; created Baron Wrottesley, 1838.
  129. ^ Sir John Wrottesley , second Baron Wrottesley (1798–1867), son of Sir John Wrottwley, first baron Wrottesley; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1823; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1823; assisted in founding Royal Astronomical 1820, and was secretary, 1831-41, president, 1841-1, gold medallist, 1839; F.RJS., 1841, and president, 18M-7; one of original poor-law oommibsionen; served on several royal commissions of scientific nature: D.O.L. Oxford, 1860; published scientific and other writings.
  130. ^ Sir Walter Wrottesley (d. 1471), captain of Calais: adherent of Warwick the king-maker' sheriff of Staffordshire, 1460; knighted, c. 1462; joined Warwick in attempt to overthrow the Woodvilles; captain of Calais, 1471; surrendered Calais to Edward IV on Warwick's defeat and was pardoned, 1471.
  131. ^ Richard Wroughton (1748–1821), actor: bred as surgeon in Bath; at Covent Garden, London, 1768-87. his parte including Prince Henry Henry II, King ot Emrlandby Bancroft or Mountfort), 1773, Lord Lovrnore(Kenrick'8'DucllbtV), 1773, and aidurnaj Mason's Oaractacus), 1776; joint- proprietor of Sadler's Wells, London, e. 1777-90: played chiefly at Drury Lane, London, 1787-98 and 1800-8; Charles Surface, Ghost ( HamkH*), Richard III, Antonio ( Merchant of 'X and Sir Peter Teazle, of Canterbury: Hamlet, Youee Jaqes, Edgar among his characters.
  132. ^ Wulfhelm (d. 942), archbishop of Canterbury; succeeded Athelm [q.v.] as bishop of Wells, 914, and in primacy, 923.
  133. ^ ofWeese., at Poeenteabyriir, 661 -jrimUy uTgedbSunds of Merck, planting OhrtottaiUty wfiwmr he conquered.
  134. ^ Ralph Wulford or Wilford (1479?–1499), pretender; as tool of Yorkists in their endeavours to overthrow Henry VII, impersonated Earl of Warwick, eldest son of Edward IV's brother, the Duke of Clarence, aud was executed.
  135. ^ Wulfred (.. S3i), archbishop of Canterbury ; conSU5; enjoyed large wealth and exercised wide political influence: quarrelled with Cenwulf, king of MtT.-i.t, who, from apprehension of his political influence, Uid false charges against him before Pope Leo III, having previously deprived him of monasteries of Minster and Reculver; on good terms with Ceol vnlf, who succeeded j Ceuwulf, 822, and with Egbert and.Sthelwulf.
  136. ^ Wttlfric called SPOT or SPUOT (d. 1010), founder of Burton Abbey; owned much laud, chiefly in West Mercia; killed fighting against Danes at Ringinere, near Ipswich. He founded Burton Abbey by will dated 1002, Ethelred II's charter of confirmation being dated 1004.
  137. ^ Wtjlfstan or WINCHKSTKII (fl. 1000), versifier; monk of St. Swithuu's, Winchester; became priest and precentor: probably author of versification of Lanferth's work on life and miracles of St. Swithun (Royal MS. 15, c. vii.), and other writings.
  138. ^ Wtjlfstan (d. 1023), archbishop of York ; monk, probably of Ely: succeeded Aldulf as archbishop of York, 1003, holding also see of Worcester; buried at Ely.
  139. ^ St Wtjlfstan . (1012?–1095), bishop of Worcester ; ordained deacon and priest before 1038: became monk of Worcester, and was successively schoolmaster, precentor, sacristan, and prior: bishop of Worcester, 1062; assisted Harold on his accession, but subsequently made submission to the Conqueror; rebuilt his cathedral church, 1084-9; preached at Bristol against the slave trade practised by the British merchants upon their fellow-countrymen, and procured its abandonment; buried at Worcester; canonised by Innocent III, 1203, his day in the calendar being 19 Jan.
  140. ^ Wtjlfwio or WTJLFWY (d. 1067), bishop of Dorchester; consecrated, 1053; buried at Dorchester.
  141. ^ Benjamin Dean Wyatt (1775–1850?), architect; son of James Wyatt; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; surveyor of Westminster Abbey, 1813-27. His works include Drury Lane Theatre, London, 1811, and Crockford's Club House, St. James's, Street, London, 1827.
  142. ^ Wyatt or WYAT, Sm FRANCIS (1575?–1644), ! governor of Virginia; knighted, 1603; governor of Vir- j ginia, 1621; continued in office by royal commission on annulling of Virginia Company's charter, 1625; returned to England, 1626, but again held governorship, 1639-42.
  143. ^ Wyatt Sm HENRY (d. 1537), courtier ; imprisoned in Tower of London for resisting pretensions of Richard III; liberated, 1485, by Henry VII, whose favour he enjoyed; privy councillor, 1485; K.B., 1509; joint con- j stable with Sir Thomas Holey n of Norwich Castle,; 1511; treasurer to king's chamber, 1524-8.
  144. ^ Henry Wyatt (1794–1840), painter ; studied at I Royal Academy; practised as portrait-painter successively in Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester; exhibited at Royal Academy between 1817 and 1838.
  145. ^ James Wyatt (1746–1813), architect; attracted notice of Lord Bagot, who took him to Rome, where, and at Venice-, he studied architecture: adapted old Pantheon in Oxford Street, London, for dramatic performances, i 1770-2; surveyor of Westminster Abbey, 1776; executed restorations at Salisbury, Lincoln, Hereford, and Lichfield cathedrals; built Royal Military College, Woolwich, 1796; burveyor-geueral to board of works, 1796: architect to board of ordnance, 1806; R.A., 1785, and temporarily president, 1805. Working at first in the Greco-Italian style, he gradually turned his attention to the Gothic, and originated the revival of interest iu that form of architecture.
  146. ^ John Wyatt (1700–1766), inventor ; carpenter at Thickbrooui, near Lichfleld: in vented a spinning-machine, which was exploited with ainall success at Birmingham, c. 1738; brrenttd and perfected compound-lever weigHu; machinc, similar to those now used by most railway companies, c. 1744.
  147. ^ John Wyatt (1825–1874), army surgeon; M.R.O.S., 1848; F.R.O.S., 1866; assistant-surgeon in army, 1851; surgeon, 1857; served iu Crimea: medical commissioner at headquarters of French army during Franco-German war, 1870; O.B., 1873.
  148. ^ Matthew Uote Wyatt ri ( 1777–1862), sculptor ; son of James Wyatt; educated at Eton; studied at Royal Academy and exhibited, 1803-14; enjoyed patronage of George III; executed equestrian statues of George III in Pall Mall East, and of Wellington, now at Aldershot
  149. ^ Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt (1820–1877), architect and writer on art; brother of Thomas Henry Wyatt; publishedGeometric Mosaics of Middle Ages 1848; secretary to executive committee of Great Exhibition, 1851; designed, with Owen Jones (1809-1874) , courts characteristic of various periods of art, at Crystal Palace, Sydenham; surveyor to East India Company, 1855; knighted, 1855; honorary secretary of Royal Institute of British Architects, 1855-9, and gold medallist, 1866; first Slade professor of fine arts, Cambridge, 1869; honorary M.A. Cambridge, 1869.
  150. ^ Richard James Wyatt (1795–1850), sculptor ; cousin of Matthew Cotes Wyatt; studied at Royal Academy, where he exhibited from 1818; settled in Rome, 1821.
  151. ^ Wyatt Sin THOMAS (1503?–1542), poet ; sou of Sir Henry Wyatt; M.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1520; esquire of body to Henry VIII; clerk of king's jewels, 1524; accompanied Sir John Russell, ambassador to papal court, 1527; high marshal of Calais, c. 1529; privy councillor, 1533; a lover of Anne Boleyu before her marriage with Henry VIII, aud temporarily imprisoned in Tower of London on discovery of Anne's post-nuptial infidelities, 1536: knighted, 1637; sheriff of Kent, 1537; ambassador to Charles V. 1537-9; engaged in negotiations with Charles V, 1540; imprisoned in Tower as ally of Cromwell, but released, 1641; knight of shire for Kent, 1542. His portrait after Holbein is in the National Portrait Gallery. He was a close student of foreign literature, and first introduced the sonnet from Italy into England. His first published works appeared as Certayne Psaluies... drawen into Euglyshe meter 1549, and many of his poems, which include rondeaus, lyrics, and satires in heroic couplets, were first issued in 'Songes and Souettes printed by Henry Tottel, and known as Tottel's Miscellany 1557.
  152. ^ Wyatt Siu THOMAS, the younger (1521?-1564), conspirator; son of Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503?-1542) ; formed friendship with Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, whom he accompanied in military opeHtious at Landrecies and Boulogne, 1543-4: joined English council at Boulogne, 1545; joined Edward Courteiiay, earl of Devonshire, in insurrection to prevent marriage of Queen Mary with Philip of Spain. 1554, undertaking to raise Kent; fixed headquarters at Rochester, marched to Blackheath, entered Southwark. and, having penetrated into London, was deserted by his followers and surrendered; executed for high treason ou Tower Hill, London.
  153. ^ Thomas Wyatt (1799?–1859), portrait-painter; brother of Henry Wyatt; studied at Royal Academy.
  154. ^ Thomas Henry Wyatt (1807–1880), architect; brother of Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt; in office of Philip Charles Hardwick; opened practice independently, 1832; district surveyor of Hackney, 1832-61; president of Royal Institute of British Architects, 18701873, and gold medallist, 1873; A.I.C.E., 1845: built the liy.antiue church at Wilton, Kiiightsbridge barracks, and Adelphi Theatre, London.
  155. ^ William Wyatt (1016–1685), scholar and friend of Jeremy Taylor; entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1638; assisted Taylor at his school at Newton liall, Llanfihangel-Aberbythych, Carmarthenshire, aud in lii.Institution of Grammar 1647; B.D. Oxford, 161: prebendary of Lincoln, 16t;8. aud precentor, 1669-81; held living of Nuueatou, 1681-5.
  156. ^ Wyatville Sm JEFPRY (1786–1840), architect; nephew of James Wyatt. with whom he wnrknl. 1792-9; began practice Independently, 1799: exhibited at Royal Academy trnm 17M,;: it. A.. ivj,;; executed addition* to Sidney su.-*-x Collctn*. Cambridge, 1R51-3S, and transformation of Windsor Castlr from 1834, when bit uamc was augmented to Wyntville; kniu'lit*-.!, 18S8.
  157. '^ Perceval Wybttrn (1633?-1606?). See Wiburn
  158. ^ Wyohe Sm CYRIL (1638?-1707), state-man and niiiu ff sciriice; son of Sir Peter Wyche; M.A. Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1655; D.C.L., 166ft; knighted. 1660; F.K.S., 1663, and president, 1683: clerk in chaneery, 1662-75; barrister, Gray'B Inn, 1670; M.P..Ci ton, 1GG1-78, Kn?t Griiwtead, 1681, Saitoh, 1686-7. and Preston, 1702-6; secretary to Henry Sidney (afterwards Earl of Romney) when lonl-lieutenant of Ireland, 1692; privy councillor of Ireland: one of three lordu just it-os entrusted with government of 1 re-land, 1693-6; ambassador in Turkey, 1698.
  159. ^ Sir Pe Wyche 1ER (rf. 1643), English ambassador at the Porte; knighted, 1626; gentleman of priTy chamber, 1628; English ambassador at Constantinople, 1627-41; privy councillor and comptroller of king's household, 1641.
  160. ^ Sir Peter Wyche (1628–1699?), diplomatist : son of Sir Feter Wyche (d. 1643); matriculated from Exeter College, Oxfonl, 1643: M.A. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1648; entered Middle Temple, 1649; knighted by Charles II at the Hague, 1660; incorporated M.A. Oxford, 1660; original P.RS., 1662; envoy extraordinary to Russia, 1669; English resident at Hamburg; published translations from Portuguese and other works.  !
  161. ^ Richard Wyche (1197?–1263). See Rl- '
  162. ^ William de Wycheham or Wickwane (fl. 1285).
  163. ^ William Wycherley (1640?-1716), dramatist ; born at Clive; admitted member of Inner Temple, 1659; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1660: published, 1672 or; pud of 1671, his first play, Love in a Wood, or St James's Park which was acted, 1671, and secured for him the intimacy of Charles II's mistress, the Duchess of Cleveland; lieutenant in Duke of Buckingham's foot regiment, 1672, and equerry to the duke as master of horse; published, 1673,The Gentleman Dancing-master acted at Dorset Gardens, London, 1671 or 1872; perhaps served at sea against the Dutch, 1672; producedThe Country Wife performed 1672 or 1673, at Portugal Street Theatre, London, and published, 1675: his last play, The Plain Dealer(indebted to Mollere'sMisanthropefr the general idea), acted at theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, probably early in 1674, and printed, 1677: secretly married widowed Countess of Drogheda (d. c. 1681), daughter of Sir John Robartes, first carl of Radnor, c. 1079, and earned the displeasure of Charles II, who had offered him the tutorship of his son, the Duke of Richmond; published, 1704, Miscellany Poems which led to a friendship with Pope, who revised many of his writings; married again eleven days before his death. His Posthumous Works appeared, 1728.
  164. ^ John Wyck (1652–1700), painter; born at Haarlem; came to England when young; enjoyed great reputation for battle and hunting scenes.
  165. ^ John Wycliffe (d. 1384), religious reformer and theologian; born at Hipswell; probably fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, and subsequently (in 1361) master; probably not identical with John Wyclif, who was appointed warden of Canterbury Hall, Oxford, 1365, and who was perhaps at Merton College, Oxfonl, and rector of Mayfield: vicar of Flllingham; prebendary of Westbury, 1361; held benefice of Ludgershall, 1368; wrote, 1366 or 1376, controversial tract. Determinatio quedam de Dominio contra unum monachum; graduated doctor c theology, c. 1372; received as canon of Lincoln li from Pope Gregory XI to keep Westbury prebend after obtaining prebend at Lincoln, 1373; as ambassador to treat with papal legates non-observance of statute of provisors an 1374; rector of Lutterworth, e. 1374; gained farour of Duke of Lancaster and Henry, lord Percy, by hia opinions on him, 1177; again tried, at r,.:;-., hit aewrtion thai the aooWl llomun pontiff. nu l.v t t,,,t,!v I d bynbjMteand laymen) *iHrite4 bybfc boMMtv ,-. k -:..: 'poor preacher and the tranriaUon of Uw bote Mb* into KnglUh for the fir* tin*, hlmwtf tramtoUn* the tin, probably the whole New TnUramil and portbty of the Old Testament, the work being lUei byJoba Purvey and completed by him before 1400; peremptorily rejected trmnMhetentbtfon. e. 1S. and w*. forbidden to tench hU doctrine In Oxford UnlTerelty. 1S81, while a court, mmnoMl by the rehbtobop, ISM. condemned them of hi* which Implied that he held that all authority, wcnter and ecckriMtk*!, WM God, and wan forfeited when the pan MI or of It WM in -tut.- of mortal *in, that he denied the doctrine of tmosubstantialon, on which the power of Uie prtothood fiiiMlamoiititlly baaed, and that beoondtl In all It* forniK: left Oxford, where, in i occlesianical command*, he wa* not tm ami rvtirwl to Lutterworth, occapylng pr.-a.hmg, translating Uie bible, and writing controrental pamphlet*; buriiil at Liutrworth. but hU body dlin ii-rr.d. 142K, and thrown Into the river Swift. He WM famous M a philosopher before be became famous M a theologian, and famotu M a theologian before be became a herwlarch, and the connection between his philosophy andhiB theology WM neither external nor aceidenUL He discovered in nominalism the teat of all theological error, and his practical religious teaching wa above all thing* The more important of hit motion* have been pnbl ; L (in early life) De Logic* De ComportiWXIII Quwtione. logic, et puilowphW De Ente PnedicamtnUli: 1 1. ( up to 1K9) De Incejnatioae VerbUDe Dominio Divlno De Dominio OiTittY ethical. "The more important of hit Latin works (which with two exception* have been published by the W : I. (in en * De Ecclesia De Offlcio Pa*torall ( pablUbed byLechler. 1863), nnd DC Offlcio Regis; III. (from 1179)Dialogm* orSpeculum Ecclc*ie MlliUntU," De EucuarUtia I Simonia De ApontaaiA De gclicum an.l Trinlogtu (published by 'Select English Works of Wyclif edited by T. Ai appeared 1869-71. and KnglUh Work* of Wyclif hitherto imprinted by F. D. Matthew, 1880 (Early English Text Society).
  166. ^ William Wycumbe (. 11W).
  167. ^ Osborn Wyddel (. 1J80X t** OBBOR*. See Wyddel Osborn.
  168. ^ William of Wydfobd (. 1381–1890). See William of Woodford.
  169. ^ Robert Wydow (d. 1604), poet; first recorded Mus.Bac. Oxford; incorporated at Cambridge, 1608; schoolmaster and vicar of Thaxted. 1481rector of Chalfont St. (iile*. 14W: canon and woointorol Wells Cathedral, 1497; subnlean, 1499- vicer of Bockland Newton; wrote Latin poem* awl other wta.
  170. ^ Robert Wyex (f. 15J9-1566), P worked with Hlchanl Pj-neon, and printing basine*. r. 1529. & P-WloaUon. iBotate a imnnlation, powibly by hlnuelf, Chr1tin de PtaanJ 'C. Hj-storyes of Trm, (after 1636, Andrew BotnVj Boke for to lerne a man to be wye f (after U*l tud Lonl BwnerCactell of Lore (r. 164J).
  171. ^ Joskph Wyeth (166–1731),qo*ker writer:
  172. ^ Sir Charles Lennox Wyke (1815-1897), diplomatist; vice-consul at Port-au-Prince, 1847; consul-general in Central America, 1852, charge d'affaires, 1854, and envoy extrordinary, 1859; plenipotentiary in Mexico, 1860-1; K.C.B., 1859; minister to Hanover, 1866, Copenhagen, 1866-81, and Portugal, 1881-4; G.C.M.G., 1879; pricy councillor, 1886.
  173. ^ William of Wykeham (1324–1404), bishop of Winchester, chancellor of Knulund, and founder of New College, Oxford; born at Wickham: educated at Winchester; entered royal service, r. 1347, and was made king's chaplain; joint-surveyor of Windsor forest and chief warden and surveyor of royal castles of Windsor, Leeds, Dover, and Hadleigb, 1359; prebendary of Lichtil.l, 1369; joint-warden of forests south of Trent, 1361: keeper of privy seal, 1364; dean of St. Martin-lc-Grand, London, 1360; prebendary at St. Paul's, London, Hereford, Salisbury, St. David's, Beverley, Bromyard, Wherwell, Anergwili, and Llanddewi Brewi, 1361, and at Lincoln, York, Wells, and Hasting, 1362: priest, 1362: archdeacon of Lincoln, 136:5; bishop of Winchester, 1367-1404; chancellor, 1368-71; took leading part in opposing John of Gaunt in Good parliament, 1373: charged before council at Westminster with malversation and misgovernment during his chancellorship, and was deprived of temporalities, 1373; pardoned on accession of Richard II; obtained papal bull for endowment of Winchester College, 1378, and issued charter of foundation of Seinte Marie College of Wynchestre in Oxenforde (New College), 1379; his college built, 1380-6, and his school, 1387-94: on commission of regency, 1386, but took no part in proceedings; chancellor, 1389-91.
  174. ^ William Wykeham or more correctly Wickham ( 1564; B.D., 11539–1595), successively bishop of Lincoln and Winchester: of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1559; MJL,569: fellow of Eton, 1568; vice-provost of Eton College, c. 1570; prebendary of Westminster, 1570: canon of Windsor, 1571; royal chaplain, before 1574; archdeacon of Surrey, 1574-80; dean and prebendary of Lincoln, 1577; prebendary of Lichfield, 1679; bishop of Lincoln, 1584, and of Winchester, 1595; left verses and other writings. _
  175. ^ Thomas De Wyxes (fl. 1258–1293), chronicler: canon regular of Osney Abbey, near Oxford, 1282; became official chronicler of the abbey, 1285, having previously composed history on his own account, history which he extended till 1293; the part of his work which deals with 1258 to 1288 of great importance, and written from the point of view of a progressive royalist.
  176. ^ James Wyld , the elder (1790–1836), geographer royal; introduced lithography into England, first applying it to plans of actions fought in Peninsula. _
  177. ^ James Wyld , the younger (1812–1887), geographer; son of James Wyld the elder; educated at Woolwich; joined Royal Geographical Society. 1830; exhibited hisgreat globein London, 1851-62; liberal M.P. for Bodmin, 1847-52 and 1857-68; took leading part in promotion of technical education; produced maps bearing on pointe of strategical and political importance at the time; published Popular Atlas and Atlas of Battles
  178. ^ Henry Wylde (1822–1890), Gresham professor of music, London; studied at Royal Academy of Music, where he became professor of harmony; Mus.Bac. and Mus.Doc. Cambridge, 1851; one of founders of New Philharmonic Society, 1852; founded London Academy of Music, 1861; Gresham professor. 1863-90; published musical compositions and works relating to music.
  179. ^ John Wylde (1590–1669).
  180. ^ Robert Wylde (1609–1679).
  181. ^ Alexander Wylie (1815–1887), missionary and Chinese scholar; apprenticed as cabinet-maker; studied Chinese and became superintendent of London Missionary Society's printing establishment at Shanghai, 1847; showed that Homer's method for solving equations of all orders had been anticipated by the Chinese mathematicians of the fourteenth century, 1852; temporary agent of Bible Society in Lord Elgin's expedition up the Yang-tfze, 1858; permanent agent of the society, 1863-77; accompanied Griffith John, the Wesleyan missionary, up Yang-teze to source of Han and thence to Shanghai, 1868; wrote and translated numerous works in Chinese and English.
  182. ^ JAMES (1768-1854), physician: M.D. King's College, Aberdeen, 1794: entered Russian service as senior surgeon in Eletsky regiment, 1790; physician to imperial court at St. Petersburg, 1798; surgeon-inordinary to tsar and physician to heir-apparent, the Grand-duke Alexander, 1799; founder, 1804, and president, 1804-34, of Medical Academy of St. Petersburg and Moscow; inspector-general of army board of health, 1806: director of medical department of ministry of war, 1812; physician in ordinary, 1814, to Tsar Alexander I, whom he accompanied to England, being knighted by prince regent; published medical works.
  183. ^ James Aitken Wylie (1808–1890), protestant writer; educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and St. Andrews: entered Original Secession Divinity Hall, Edinburgh, 1827: renewed the covenants in Kdinburgh, 1828; ordained, 1831; sub-editor of Edinburgh Witness 1846; joined Free church of Scotland, 1852; edited Free Church Record 1852-60; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1856; lecturer on popery at Protestant Institute, 18601890; published miscellaneous works.
  184. ^ William Howie Wylie (1833–1891), baptist minister and journalist; sub-editor of Ayr Advertiser 1847-50; edited Nottingham Journal 1850-2; subeditor of Liverpool Courier 1862-3; editor of Falkirk Heraldand sub-editor ofGlasgow Commonwealth 1854-5; sub-editor of EdinburghDaily Express 1865; baptist minister of Ramsey, Huntingdonshire, 1860, and of Accrington, Lancashire, 1865: pastor at Blackpool; sub-editor of Christian World 1870-7: one of original promoters and editor ofGreenock Telegraph the first halfpenny evening paper in Britain: founded, 1882, and was editor and proprietor, 1882-91, of Glasgow Christian Leader."
  185. ^ John William Shaw Wyllie (1835–1870), Indian civilian; son of Sir William Wyllie; of Trinity College, Oxford; third assistant political agent in Kathiawar, 1858; assistant-secretary to Sir George Yule, 1861: secretary at Calcutta, 1862-7; C.S.I., 1869: published political writings.
  186. ^ Sir William Wyllie (1802–1891), general ; lieutenant, Bombay native infantry, 1819; captain, 1833: brigade-major to Malwa field force, 1826, and of first brigade of Bombay column for invasion of Afghanistan, 1838; served with distinction at capture of Kalat, 1839: brigade-major of second brigade in Sind force, 1840; assistant adjutant-general in Sind and Baluchistan, 1842; C.B. (military), 1843: deputy adjutant-general of Bombay army, 1849: brigadier-general of second class, commanding Bombay garrison, 1850; commanded brigade at Ahmadnagar, 1855; colonel, 1857: left India, 1858; lieutenant-general, 1862; K.O.B. (military), 1865; general, 1871; colonel of royal Dublin fusiliers, 1873; G.O.B. (military), 1877; retired, 1877.
  187. ^ Wyndham or WINDHAM, Sm CHARLES, second Earl of Egremont (1710–1763), statesman; son and heir of Sir William Wyndkam, third baronet; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; tory M.P. for Bridgewater, 1735, but soon became whig; M.P., Taunton, 1747; succeeded his uncle Algernon Seymour, seventh duke of Somerset, as Earl of Egremont and Baron Oockermouth, 1750; lord-lieutenant of Cumberland, 1751; privy councillor and secretary of state for southern department, 1761-3; conducted negotiations with Spain, 1761-2, andwith France, 1762, coming into conflict with Bute and Bedford: associated with Halifax in prosecution of Wilkes; enjoyed with Halifax and George Grenville, who married his sister Elizabeth, close confidence of George III.
  188. ^ Wyndham or WINDHAM, FRANCIS (rf. 1592), judge; educated at Cambridge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; bencher, 1569; autumn reader, 1672; M.P., Norfolk, 1672-83; serjeant, 1577; recorder of Norwich, 1578: judge of common pleas, 1579; consulted concerning trial of Mary Stuart, 1586.
  189. ^ Sir George Wyndham O'BRIEN, third EARL OP EGREMONT (1751-1837), patron of fine art; son of Sir Charles Wyndham, second earl of Egremont; of Westminster School; in early years acted with whig?, but later inclined to tories; member of board of agriculture, 1793; lord-lieutenant of Sussex, 1819-35; a successful stock-breeder at Petworth and patron of art: one of first to appreciate Turner, who had a studio at Petworth. Among the artists whom he patronised were Benjamin Robert Haydon, Johu Flaxman, Joseph Nollekins, John Charles Felix Rossi, and John Constable
  190. ^ Hkxky Pknk Wyndham riM i('KK( me-lR19), topographer; Kn-ut-L'rainlHnii (if Sir Viulham Vyudham : f Eton ami Va4lmin College, Oxfor: 1759: travelled on continent. 175 7. mayor f Salisbury, 1770-1: sheriff of Wiltshire, 1772; M.I. Wiltshire, 179*1812: F.S.A., 1777; F.H.S., 17H.V. contributed Obwrvations on an ancient Building at Warnford, Hampshire to the ArohflBotogia.( v. 367-66), and On a Roman Pave 5 i:,-. il Vale-, and other writings.
  191. ^ Sir Hugh Wyndham (1603? –1684). judge; brother of Sir Wadham Vyudham: entered Wadham College, Oxford, 1622; M.A., 1643: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1629: bencher, 1648; ?erjeant-at-law, 1654: temporary judire on northern circuit, 1654; deprived of office at Reiteration, but reinstated serjeant-at-law and judge, 1660: baron of exchequer, 1670: knighted, 1670; moved to court of common pleas, 1673.
  192. ^ Sir John Wyndham (d. 1502), conspirator ; kniirhti-d for bravery at Stoke, 1487; executed for complicity in conspiracy of Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suf
  193. ^ Robert Henry Wyndham (1814–1894), Scottish actor-manager; first appeared on stage at Salisbury, 1836; at Adelphi, Glasgow, 1844, and Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, 1845: actor-manager at Adelphi, Edinburgh, 1851 till 1853, when theatre was destroyed by fire: manaeed Royal Theatre, Edinburgh, 1853-9, and Adelphi, renamed The Queen 1855 till 1865 (when it was again burned, being reopened as The RoyalX and 1865 till 1875, when it was burned for third time; (Sir) Henry Irving became a member of his company in 1857 Wyndham's parts include Charles Surface, Mercutio, Captain Absolute, Macbeth, and Prince Henry Henry IT. L lxiu * 4 J
  194. ^ Thomas Wyndham , BARON WYNDHAM OF Finglass (1681–1745), grandson of Sir Wadham Wyndham entered Wadham College, Oxford, 1698; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1705: recorder of Sarum, 1706 chief- justice of court of common pleas in Ireland, 1724 and lord chancellor, 1726-39; raised to peerage, 173l!.
  195. ^ Sir Wadham Wyndham (1610–1668), judge ; brother of Sir Hugh Wyndham; fellow commoner. of Wadham College, Oxford, 1626; barrister, Lincoln s Inn, 1636; serjeant, 1660; counsel for prosecution of regicides -.judge of king's bench, 1660-8; 1758; published legal treatise*. IxllL J61,
  196. ^ Sir William Wyndham , third baronet (1687–1740) politician: educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford tory M.P. for Somerset, 1710; secretary at i war, 1712; chancellor of exchequer, 1713-14: Bappo" 'Schism Act arrested for complicity in rebellion oi 1715 but was liberated on ball and never brought up for trial; maintained strong Jacobite opinions, and was firm ally of Bolingbroke: one of founders of the Brothers Club, of which Swift became member 1711.
  197. ^ Edwin Richard Windham Wyndham-Quin, third Earl of Dunraven (1812-1871)
  198. ^ Quin
  199. ^ Wynford, first Baron (1767–1846). See WILLIAM DRAPER BEST,
  200. ^ Charles Watkin Williams Wynn (1771W polltioian; of We*tmiMtar School and Ohrfct cium-h. oxfonl: M.A.. 1798; 1X0.1*, U10; formed and .,;,-,;, iOM Mind:..; I.. -,:.t.,-,. bl AM UMrii Inn, 1798: bencher, I8tt; M.P.. Old Sarum, 17f7. and Montgomeryshire, 1799-1MO; undcr-wcretary far home d.-irtii,.-nu IM.M; 7;;, r,-,l.-i. * --r I tfMaM, I rnt in cabinet, 18M-8; privy councillor. Ittt; Moratory at war. without seat in cabinet, 18MM; nhModtor of duchy of Lancaster, 18S4-4: FAX.. 1800; flrrt pmMtnf
  201. ^ Charlotte Williams-Wynn (1807-1869). diarist; daughter of Charles Watkin Williams Wynn [q. v.]; travelled much in ENgland and on continent; 'Memorials of Charlotte Watkins-Wynn' published, 1877
  202. ^ Sir Henry Watkin Williams Wynn (17tt-1856), diplomatist; brother of Charles Watkin Williams; envoy extraordinary and mlnl-trr plenipotentiary to Switzerland, 18M, Wurtemberg, S. and OopenhM, 1824-53; privy councillor, I8tt: K.G.O.H., 18S1: CO.R, 1851. 0*IU. tM
  203. ^ Sir John Wynn, first baronet (1IM-16MX) anti antiquities; left manuscript History of the Owydlr Family (printed by Dalnet Barrington, 1770) and otter writings.
  204. ^ Sir Richard Wynn (d. 1649), baronet; son of Sir John Wynn; groom of chamber to Charles I while prince of Wales, whom he accompanied in Spain. 1623; treasurer to Queen Henrietta.
  205. ^ Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, third baronet; grandson of Sir William Williams; Jo. v.; of Wynn, 1719: D.C.L, Jmm College, North Sea, 1544, and Solent, 1545: master of ordnance in king's ships; vice-admiral of fleet sent to enforce Protector's policy in Scotland, 1547; constructed Wyndham's bulwark at Haddington; engaged in trade and explora-
  206. ^ William Wynn (1710?–1761), Welsh poet; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1735; rector of Manafon, 1747-6 and of Llan Oynhafal, 1750-61; poem, by him included in various collections.
  207. ^ Edward Wynne (1734-1784), law writer; entered Jesus College, Oxford, 1735; rector of Manafon, 1747-61, and of Llan Gynhafal, 1750-61; poems by him included in various collections.
  208. ^ Ellis Wynne (1671–1734), WV} !! *=2SLBr a2 book (London, 1710); rector of Visions of the Steeping prose clawioa.
  209. ^ John Wykne (1667–1743), bishop of St. Asaph and of Bath and Wells; B.A. and fellow, Jesus College, Oxford, 1685; M.A., 1688; B.D., 1696: D.D., 1706; chaplain to Earl of Pembroke; Lady Margaret professor of divinity, Oxford, 1705-15, and canon of Worcester; principal of Jesus College, Oxford 1712-20; bishop of St. Asaph. 1715-27, and of Bath and Wells, 1727-43.
  210. ^ John Huddlestone Wynne (1743-1788), miscellaneous writer... published Abridgement of Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding 1696.
  211. ^ Warren Richard Colvin Wynne (1843-1879), catain, royal engineers Ulli. J6: H l H cSS D a ( 7 rjJ3j:5as;s py tattngfaTpWiodiSSne* andOawtteer com (!.. r.il s s as lieutenant, royal 1866-71; captain, 1875; and built fort at Kkowe
  212. ^ Watkin Edward William (1801–1880) atiticitiarv of Westminster School and Jesus College, Oxford:" M.P., Merioneth, 1852-65: high sheriff, 1867: came into possession, by legacy, of the Hengwrt collection of manuscripts formed originally hy Robert V;iiiL'h:ui (1592-1667), and published a catalogue, 186-71. in Archaeologia Cambrenste to which journal he contribated largely: left manuscript collections for history of Merionethshire.
  213. ^ Thomas Wynnyffe (1576–1664). See Winiffe.
  214. ^ Andrew Wynter (1819–1876), physician and author: studied at St. George's Hospital, London: M.D. St. Andrews, 1852; edited, 1856-60,Association Medical Journal (called British Medical Journal from 1868); M.R.C.P., 1861; published writings on insanity and miscellaneous subjects.
  215. ^ Sir William Wynter (d. 1589).
  216. ^ Andrew Op Wyntottn (1350?–1420?), Scottish historian; canon regular of St. Andrews; prior of St. Serfs Inch in Loch Leven, where he probably wrote his chronicles, The Oryginale a vernacular metrical history of Scotland from the beginning of the world to accession of James I, 1406 (first published from manuscript in Royal Library, 1796).
  217. ^ Robert Henry Wykyard (1802–1864). majorgeneral: ensign, 58th foot, 1819; captain, 1826: lieutenantcolonel, 1842: served in Maori war, 1845-7, and commanded forces in New Zealand, 1851: lieutenant-governor of New Ulster division of New Zealand, 1851-3; first superintendent of province of Auckland; colonel, 1854: temporary governor of New Zealand, 1864-5; major-general, 1858; commander of troops in Gape Colony, 1859; temporarily governor-in-chief and high commissioner, 1859-60 and 1861-2; O.B., 1862; colonel, 98th foot, 1863.
  218. ^ Ninian Wynzet (1518–1592).
  219. ^ Alfred Benjamin Wyon (1837–1884), engraver; brother of Joseph Shepherd Wyon, with whom he was associated as chief engraver of seals from 1865, and was sole engraver, 1873-84: compiled work on Great Seals of England published, 1887.
  220. ^ Benjamin Wyon (1802–1858), chief engraver of seals; son of Thomas Wyon the elder; appointed chief engraver of seals, 1831.
  221. ^ George Wyon (d. 1796), die-engraver and chaser ; designer and modeller to Silver Plate Company, Birmingham.
  222. ^ Joseph Shepherd Wyon (1836–1873), chief engraver of seals; son of Benjamin Wyon; studied at Royal Academy; appointed chief engraver of seals, 1858.
  223. ^ Leonard Charles Wyon (1826–1891), chief engraver at royal mint; son of William Wyon; second engraver to royal mint: chief engraver, 1851.
  224. ^ Thomas Wyon , the younger (1792–1817), chief engmver at royal mint: sou of Thomas Wyon the elder , to whom he was apprenticed: studied at Royal Academy: probationer engraver at royal mint, 1811, and chief engraver, 1815; gold medallist, Society of Artfl, the society adopting his design for its prize medals. Victoria, 1837, visit of Queen Victoria to Guildhall, and the Cheselden medal for St. Thomas's Hospital. London.
  225. ^ Thomas Wyon , the elder (1767–1830), chief engraver of seals; pon of George Wyon; engaged as general die-engraver at Birmingham, and from 1800 in London: appointed chief engraver of the seals, 1816. Ixiii. 2691
  226. ^ William Wyon (1795–1851), chief engraver at royal mint: nephew of Thomas Wyon the elder; obtained gold medal of Society of Art*, 1813, for medal die with head of Ceres, the society purchasing the die for its prize gold medal in agriculture; settled in London, 1816, and assisted his uncle; second engraver to royal mint, 1816: chief engraver, 1 828; R.A., 1838. His medals include coronation of William IV, 1831, accession of Queen i'RANOIS (1634?
  227. ^ Wyrce 8TER, WILLIAM (1415–1482
  228. ^ William Wyrley (1565–1018), antiquary and herald; employed as amanuensis to Sampson Enleswicke :; publishedThe trvc Vse of Armorie 1592; i matriculated from Balliol College. Oxford, 1594; Rouge ! Oroix pursuivant at College of Arms, 1604; left antiquarian manuscripts.
  229. ^ Napoleon Alfred Bonaparte Wyse (1H221895), son of Sir Thomas Wyse; high sheriff of Waterford, 1870.
  230. ^ Sir Thomas Wyse (1791–1862), politician and j diplomatist: educated at Jesuit college at Stonyhurst ami Trinity College, Dublin; B.A., 1812: entered Lincoln's Inn, 1813; travelled abroad; married, 1821, Lsetitia, daughter of Napoleon's brother Lucien, prince of Canino, but was separated from her, 1828; took active part in agitation for catholic emancipation in Ireland, 1825; M.P., co. Tipperary, 1830; M.P. for Waterford, 1835-47; introduced bill for national education in Ireland, 1835; publishedEducation Reform 1837; lord of treasury, 1839-41; member of royal commission for decoration of houses of parliament: secretary for board of control , (India), 1846-9: privy councillor, 1849; British minister at Athens, 1849; successfully conducted negotiations occasioned by claims on Greek government made by David Pacifico, George Finlay, and others. and was made C.B., 1850: K.C.B. and envoy extraordinary for successful management of Greek affairs during Crimean i war, 1857; president of commission to inquire into financial resources of Greece, 1857-9; published works relating to his travels and political questions.
  231. ^ William Charles Bonaparte Wyse (1826–1892), poetical writer: son of Sir Thomas Wyse; high sheriff of Waterford, 1855; published, 1868, Parpaioun Blu (lyrics in Provencal) and other writings.
  232. ^ Sir Francis Wythens or Withens ( 1704), judge; entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1660; barrister, Middle Temple, 1660; bencher, 1680; M.P., Westminster, 1679; knighted, 1680, for presenting address to Charles II testifying abhorrence of citizens of Westminster to recent petition for a parliament, but was ejected from House of Commons as an abhorrer; Serjeant and judge of king's bench, 1683; on commission for trial of Rye House conspirators; recorder of Kingston-on-Thames, 1685; tried and pronounced sentence on Titus Oates, 1685; accompanied Jeffreys on the western assize; removed from bench, 1687; exempted from Act of Indemnity, 1689, but apparently not visited with any penalty.
  233. ^ Sir Christopher Wyvill (1614–1672?), baronet; M.P., Richmond, Yorkshire, 1660; probably author of Certaine serious Thoughts (1647), a rare volume of verse.
  234. ^ Christopher Wyvill (1740–1822), advocate of parliamentary reform; educated at Queens' College, Cambridge: hon. LL.D., 1764: rector of Black Notley, Essex; secretary, 1779, and afterwards chairman of Yorkshire Association, an association formed to promote shortening of duration of parliaments and equalisation of representation; took leading part in drawing up Yorkshire petition presented to parliament, 1780: advocated in later life cause of universal toleration; published Political Papers chiefly respecting the Attempt of the County of York... to effect a Reformation of the Parliament of Great Britain 1794-5, and other works relating to religious and political questions.
  235. ^ Christopher Wyvill (1792–1863), rear-admiral; son of Christopher Wyvill (1740-1822): entered navy, 1805; commander, 1824: served on coast of Greece: captain, 1832; on North American station, 1840-4, and at Cape of Good Hope, 1844-7 and 1849-53; superintendent of Chatham dockyard, 1854-6; rear-admiral, 1856.
  236. ^ Thomas Yalden (1870–1736), poet; educated at Magdalen College school and Magdalen College, Oxford: H.A., ICtl; M.A., 14: H.D., 170.;; U.U., 1708; fellow, 1699-1713; vicar of Willoughby 1700-9; lecturer on moral philosophy at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1705-13; bursar, 1707: dean of divinity, 1709; rector of Sopworth, 1711-11; prebendary of collegiate church of Chulmleigh, 1712; rector of Chalton-cum-Clanfield; chaplain of Bridewell Hospital, London, 17l:; his Hymn to Darkness written in imitation of Cowley, highly esteemed by Dr. Johnson; most of his poems, collected, 1796, in vol. vii. of Works of the British Poets by Robert Anderson (1750-1830)
  237. ^ Elihu Tale (1648–1721), governor of Madras; born at Boston, Massachusetts; came to England, 1662; entered service of East India Company, 1672: governor of settlement at Fort St. George (Madras X 1687-92: returned to England and was made a governor of East India Company, 1699; his name commemorated by Yale University, Newhaven, Connecticut, of which he was a liberal benefactor.
  238. ^ Thomas Yale (1526?–1577), civilian; B.A. Cambridge, 1543; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1544: M.A., 1546; bursar, 1549-61; commissary of diocese of Ely, 1554; LL.D., 1557; advocate of court of arches, 1559; prebendary of Lichfield, 1560; rector of Leverington, 1560; judge of court of audience, official principal, chancellor, and vicar-general to archbishop of Canterbury, 1561; chancellor of diocese of Bangor, 1562; prebendary of St. Asaph, 1666; dean of the arches, 1567-73; joint keeper of prerogative court of Canterbury, 1571; for many years ecclesiastical high commissioner.
  239. ^ Edward Yallop (d. 1767).
  240. ^ Felix Yaniewicz (1762–1848).
  241. ^ Robert Tarington (ft. 1601), dramatist ; according to one conjecture Robert Yarington only a fictitious name author of Two Lamentable Tragedies 1601, perhaps an amalgamation of the lostTragedy of Thomas Merrye by Haughton and Day, 1599, and the lost Orphanes Tragedy by Chettle.
  242. ^ Earls of Tarmouth . See PASTON, ROBERT, first Earl 1631–1683 ; PASTON, WILLIAM, second EARL, 1652–1732.
  243. ^ Codxtkss of Tarmouth (1704–1765). See Amalie Sophie Marianne Wallmoden.
  244. ^ Andrew Tarranton (1616–1684?), engineer and agriculturist; apprenticed as linendraper at Worcester; captain in parliamentary forces: engaged in projects for cutting canals and rendering rivers guotadlaf the Salwarp and Stour, the latter from Stourbndge to Kidderminster) navigable; wrote pamphlets recommending use of clover for agricultural purposes: imprisoned on false evidence as concerned in intended presbyterian rising, 1662; studied in Saxony secrets of tinplate industry, c. 1667, but was forestalled in manufacture by Ei lisa patentees: consulting engineer; published worta relating to various schemes for improvement of English manufactures and commerce, and other 8Ub.:j 3g4,
  245. ^ William Tarrell (1784–1856), zoologist: engaged in business as newspaper agent and bookseller in London: member of Royal Institution, It F.L.S., 1825 and treasurer, 1849-56: original member of ZoologUal fsoSty, 1826; published History of Br,t,,h Fishes 1836, and History of Bntish Birds, 1843.
  246. ^ Edmund Yates (1831–1894), novelist and founder of The World; son of Frederick Henry Yates ai Elizabeth Yates; obtained appointment in * tary's department at general post office, 1847, and head of missing-letter department, 186S journalistic work: dramatic critic and wfwerto Daily News c. 1854-60; wrote several drama oes Clah, Iftf nnder Frank Iw1870-t: 101
  247. ^ Elizabeth Yates (ITtt-lMOX), appeared flnt M DcMtenoo* to OhMta KMoWfe at Lynn, 18U; enffaged at 1817-20, her parU indttllng Much Ado, HIM! Imogen: Yatan. 1821; appearai at Drarjr Lane, London. ; joint manager oFAdelphl. London, 184J; at 1817-20, her parts Including Rosalind. Viola, Beatrk* 1824; joint manager Lyceum, London. 1848-9: retired, 1849.
  248. ^ Frederick Henry Yates (1797–184) actor; ednoated -at Oharterbce, London; wrrM In Ptninrak 1 appeared on rt*g*. 1818, at Edinburgh, and later at Covent (iarden, London, whew be played lago to Chartae Kembte'd Cawio and Yonng'n Othello; at Cerent { London, 1819-26; purchaMri with Terry Theatre, London: condncted Addpbi Mathews, 1826-S5; ntage manager. Dniry Lane, London. 18S6; sole manager of Adelphi, 188C-41, and with Otedstane, 1841: Shylock, Richard III, PalsUff. and Jowpb Surface among hi* parts. pabUahed "The
  249. ^ James Yates (ft. 1682). poet: Castell of Courtesie. Wberennto t* adioyned the Hoide of Humilitie: with the Chariot of CbasttUe thereunto annexed 1582.
  250. ^ James Yates (1789–1871), unitarian antiquary; studied at Glasgow University and 1 College (at York), and Edinburgh: M.A. Glasgow. 1812; nnordatned minister of uniUrian congregation at ilgow, 1812; founded with Thomas Southwood Smith Scottish Unitarian Association, 1813; eofafed in controversy with Ralph Wardlaw fq. v.), 1814-U -.Joint. pastor at new meeting, Birmingham, 1817-26: P.GJS-, 1819; F.LJB., 1822; F.1LS., 1831; secretary to ooonoil of British Association, 1831: minister of Carter Lane Chapel, DoctorsCommoni, London, 1 83J-6: left mhUetry. c. 1836; contributed largely to Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 1842, edited by (Sir) William Smith (1813-1898): wrote on antiquarian, edncatlMial. and other subjects.
  251. ^ John Yates (ft. 1622–1668), porttan divine; BJX Emmanuel College. Cambridge: rector of SL Mary with St. John Stiff key, Norfolk, 1621-68; "writing?.
  252. ^ Sir Joseph Yates (1722–1770), judge: Qneen'8 College, Oxford, 17S9: barrister, Inner Temple, 1763: employed by crown against John WUtoe, 17 king's counsel for duchy of Lancaster. Ii61: ing's bench, 1764: knighted, 1763; chancellor o liam, 1765: removed to court of common P*"*
  253. ^ Joseph Brooks Yates (1780–1856), me) au.l anti.nikry brother of James Yates (17S9-1871) ? y HV. t Rtnn: entered house of West India
  254. ^ Mrs Mary Ann Yates (1728-1797), actress; nee Graham; appeared as ... Isabella Measure for MeasureX and Portia Merchant of Venice; married Richard Yates ( 17i)ti V179G), e. 1756: joint-manager of Haymarket Opera House, London, 1774: at Drury Lane. London, 1771. mid played original Borinthia in Sheridan'sTrip to Scarborough 1777; last appeared at Drury Lane, 1785. She was one of the greatest English tragic actresses, one of her finest characters being Medea in (Mover's tragedy, 1767.
  255. ^ Richard Yates (1706?–1796), comedian; probably first played at the Haymarket; in Ixindon at Covent Harden, 1737-9, Drury Lane, 1739, Goodman's Fields, 1740-1, and again at Drury Lane, 1742-67; his most notable characters Kastril Alchemist), Clown Twelfth Night* andMeasure for Measure, Shylock, Malvolio, Touchstone, Shallow, DogbeiTy, Bobadil, Launce, Falstaff, and Bottom: married Mary Ann Graham see YATKS, c. 1756: at Covent Garden, 1767-72, and again at Drury Lane, 1775: played original Sir Oliver Surface in 'School for Scandal at Drury Lane, 1777: with his wife at Edinburgh, 1784-5: Autolycus among his best parts.
  256. ^ Richard Yates (1769–1834), divine and antiquary; worked as usher in various schools; ordained deacon, 1796; priest, 1797: curate of Chelsea Hospital, 1796, and chaplain, 179, rector of Ashen, Essex, 1804; DJ). Cambridge, 18.13; one of treasurers of Literary Fund, 1805-34; edited Monastic Remains of Town and Abbey of St. Edmunds Bury (1st part, 1805, 2nd, 1843), collections for which were made by his father.
  257. ^ William Yates (1792–1845), baptist missionary and orientalist; studied at baptist college at Bristol; went to India under Baptist Missionary Society, 1815; published numerous educational works in Sanskrit, Hindustani, and Bengalee: pastor of English church, Circular Road, Calcutta, 1829-39; his publications include a complete version of the bible in Bengalee, Sanskrit and Hindustani dictionaries, and an edition of the Nalodaya 1840.
  258. ^ Francis Yaxley (d. 1565), conspirator ; introduced at court by Cecil; employed by privy council, c. 1547; attached to embassy of Peter Vannes, 1550-2; M.P., Dunwich, 1563; joinal Nicholas Wotton , ambassador in France, 1553; M.P., Stamford, 1655, and Saltash, 1668; clerk of signet, c. 1557; employed as agent by Lady Margaret Douglas, countess of Lennox, to further project of marriage between her son Darnley and Mary Queen of Scots; wrecked at pea while returning from mission from Mary Queen of Soots to Philip II.
  259. ^ Peter of Ycxham (fl. 1290?).
  260. ^ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (1808–1855), colonel ; educated at Eton: ensign, 1825; captain, 1836; major, 1842; lieutenant-colonel, 1850; commanded regiment in Turkey and Crimea, 1854; served with distinction at Alma; brevet colonel, 1864; killed in assault of the Rian
  261. ^ Sir John Yeamans , first baronet (1610?–1674), colonial governor; colonel in royalist army; migrated to Barbados, 1650, and was member of council of the colony, 1660; was made baronet and first governor of new colony at Cape Fear, Carolina, 1665, but soon returned to Barbados, leaving a deputy; again governor, 1672-4.
  262. ^ Yeamans or YEOMANS, ROBERT 1X (!J!' S), royalist; merchant and councillor of Bristol; sheriff, 1641-2; hanged as traitor for plotting to betray Bristol toroyaliite.
  263. ^ Sir George Yeardley (1580P-1627), governor of Virginia; landed in Virginia, 1610; deputy-governor, 1616-17; visited England, 1618, and was appointed governor and knighted; held office till 1621, and again, 86-7. During his governorship the first representative assembly in the western hemisphere met at Jamestown, 1619, and the first negro slaves brought into an English colony were lauded by a Dutch man-of-war, 1620.
  264. ^ John Yeardley (1 786–1858), quaker mTinary ; egan preaching as quaker in northern counties, 1815; ettled at Pynnont, Germany, 1821; made missionary nnt w iuo?" p*" 8 f Eur p e and in k Min r: ried, 1826, Martha Savory, author of several works inarnni, 1826, Ma in verw and prose.
  265. ^ Mrs Yearsley . ANN (1756–1806), verse-writer ; known as Lactilla or as the Bristol milkwoman: gained patronage of Hannah.More, under whoso guidance she publishedPoems on Several Occasions 1 1784; her claims to control of trust-money (subscriptions  ; collected for her by Hannah More) the occasion ot a I breach with her patroness. Her works include Karl Goodwin an historical tragedy in verse ( 171 ), and Tin Royal Captives an historical novel (1795).
  266. ^ James Yearsley (1805–1869), aural sunreon : studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; M.R.C.S. and US. A., 1827; L.R.C.P. Edinburgh, 1860; M.D. St. Andrews. 1862; aural surgeon in London from r. 1837: joint-founder ofMedical Directory published works relating to aural surgery.
  267. ^ Thomas Yeates (1768-J839), orientalist; apprenticed as turner; matriculated at All Souls College, Oxford, 1802; employed by Claudius Buchanan to i catalogue and describe oriental manuscripts brought by ; him from India, c. 1808-15; secretary of London Society I of Literature; assistant in printed-book department of British Museum, 1823-39; published works, relating to biblical and oriental history and other writings.
  268. ^ Grant David Yeats (1773–1836), medical writer ; i born in Florida; B.A. Hertford College, Oxford, 1793; ! M.A., 1796; M.B., 1797; M.B. Dublin, 1807; M.D. Trinity College, Oxford, 1814; private physician to Duke of Bedford when lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1806-7: F.R.O.P., 1815; F.R.S., 1819; published Observations on Claims of the Moderns to some Discoveries in Chemistry and Physiology 1798, and other works.
  269. ^ Arthur Yeldard (d. 1599), president of Trinity College, Oxford; B.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1548; M.A., 1552; fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1551-4; original fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and incorporated M.A., 1556; appointed president, 1559; B.D., 1563; D.D., 1566; vice-chancellor, 1580; left writings in manuscript.
  270. ^ John Yelloly (1774–1842), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1799; physician to London Hospital, 18071818; one of originators of Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1805; physician to Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, 1820-32; F.R.S.; published treatises on calculous diseases and other subjects.
  271. ^ Barry Yelverton , first Viscount Avonmore (1736-1805); B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1757: worked as usher; called to Irish bar, 1764; K.O., 1772; bencher of King's Inns, 1772; Irish M.P. for Donegal, 1774, and Carrickfergus, 1776-83; attorney-general, 1782; chiefbaron of court of exchequer, 1783; raised to peerage as Baron Avonmore, 1795; created viscount of Ireland and baron of United Kingdom, 1800.
  272. ^ Sir Christopher Yelverton (1535?–1612), judge; entered Gray's Inn, 1552: treasurer, 1579 and 1585; M.P., Brackley, 1563; recorder of Northampton before 1572; M.P., Northampton, 1572; serjeant-at-law, 1689; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1593 and 1597; speaker, 1597; queen's Serjeant, 1598: took part in indictment of Essex, 1600; justice of queen's bench, 1602; K.B., 1603.
  273. ^ Sir Henry Yelverton (1566–1629), judge; son of Sir Christopher Yelverton; studied at Gray's Inn; called to bar, 1593; ancient, 1593; Lent reader, 1607; M.P., Northampton, 1603 and 1614: attorney-general, 1617; suspended from office on ground of having officially passed a charter to city of London containing unauthorised provisions, 1620, and imprisoned in Tower of London, 1620-1; fifth judge of common pleas, 1625-9.
  274. ^ Sir William Yelverton (1400?–1472?), judge ; justice of peace for Norwich, 1427, and recorder, 1433-50; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1435 and 1436; serjeant-at-law, 1439; judge of king's bench, 1443; executor to Sir John Fastolf, 1459; knighted, 1461; transferred to bench of common pleas, 1471.
  275. ^ William Charles Yelverton , fourth Viscount Avonmore (1824–1883), grandson of Barry Yelverton, first viscount Avonmore; at Woolwich; entered royal artillery and became major: in Crimea; engaged in litigation, 1859-68, respecting validity of marriage, against which the House of Lords finally decided, and which it was alleged he had contracted In 18*7 in Scotland and Ireland; suspended from military duties, 1801.
  276. ^ Yeo Sin JAMES LUCAS (1782–1818), commodore: entered uavy, 1793; lieutenant, 1797; at *lege of Genoa and in Adriatic, 1800; with Frederick Lewi* MattUnd at Muros Bay, 1805; commander of privateer, 1805; captain, 1807; took Cayenne, 1809; knighted, 1810; on Jamaica station, 1811; commodore and commanderin-chief of ships of war on American lake*, 1813; took Oswego, 1814, and unsuccessfully blockaded Kuckett'n harbour, bein handicapped by indisposition toco-operate shown by Sir (Ji-orge Prevent (1767-1816) q. v.J: commander-in-chief on west coast of Africa, 1815; in Jamaica, 1S17: died on passage home.
  277. ^ Richard Yeo (d. 1779), medallist: produced im-dals for battle of Culloden, 1746; assistant-engraver to royal mint, 1749; chief engraver, 1775-9; foundation member of Uoyal Academy.
  278. ^ James Yeowell (1803?–1875) antiquary; subeditor under William John Thoms of Notes and Queries c. 1852-72, supplying answers under heading Queries with Answers; nominated, 1872, a poor brother at London Charterhouse, where he died: published Memoir of Oldys 1862, and antiquarian writings. His MSS. now in British Museum.
  279. ^ Yester fifth BARON (d. 1576). See William Hay.
  280. ^ Henry Dk Yevele (d. 1400), master-mason and architect; director of king's works at Westminster, e. 1356, and at Westminster and the Tower of London, 1369-89; appointed to superintend projected works at Southampton, 1378; executed tombs of Richard II (1395) and Cardinal Langham (I..!) in Westminster Abbey, and alterations in Westminster Hall, 1395.
  281. ^ Hugh Ynge (d. 1528). See Hugh Inge.
  282. ^ William Yolland (1810–1885), lieutenantcolonel, royal engineers: second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1828; in Canada, 1831-6; lieutenant, 1833: brevet colonel, 1858; appointed to ordnance survey, 1838; first captain, 1847; inspector of railways under board of trade, 1854; lieutenant-colonel, 1855: member of commission to consider training of candidates for scientific corps of army, 1866; retired from military service, 1863; chief inspector of railways, 1877-85; C.B. (civil), 1881; F.R.A.S., 1840; F.R.S., 1859.
  283. ^ John Yong (d. 1504).
  284. ^ Charles Duke Yonge (1812–1891), historical and miscellaneous writer; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge, and St. Mary Hall, Oxford; M.A., 1874; regius professor of modern history and English literature at Queen's College, Belfast, 1866-91; published numerous educational and other works.
  285. ^ Sir George Yonge , fifth baronet (1731–1812), governor of Cape of Good Hope; son of Sir William Yonge; educated at Eton and Leipzig; M.P., Honiton, 1754-61 and 1763-96; lord of admiralty, 17661770; vice-treasurer for Ireland, 1782; secretary for war, 1782-3 and 1783-94; master of mint, 1794-9; governor of Cape of Good Hope, 1799; K.B., 1788; superseded in governorship owing to various complaints against his administration, 1801.
  286. ^ James Yonge or John (fl. 1423), translator; servant to James Butler, fourth earl of Ormonde, at whose request he translated, c. 1423, the Secrete Secretorum attributed to Aristotle.
  287. ^ James Yonge (1646–1721), medical writer : apprenticed as surgeon in navy; surgeon's mate at ineffectual bombardment of Algiers, 1662; captive In Dutch hands, 1665-6; practised at Plymouth, 1666-8 and 1670; L.R.C.P., 1702; F.R.S., 1702; surgeon to naval hospital, Plymouth; published work on use of turpentine in control of haemorrhage, 1679, and other works.
  288. ^ James Yonge (1794–1870), physician; at Eton and Exeter College, Oxford; M.A., 1817; M.D., 1821; F.R.C.P., 1822; practised in Plymouth.
  289. ^ John Yonge (1467-U14X), master of the rolls; -.,.....,... Wto*** Mary.le.Bow. 1*04-14: TL'ofIiS: 11 *** * lary collegiate church of St. held living of Tberfleld, U1S-16: Bmpero, njaximlMan at Brusseta, 1*19: for formation of holy kagoe, 1*19 IS; prebendary and dean of York. 1*14; on political oUssfcttat Tour. nay, 161*.;,:;;.
  290. ^ John Yonge (1465–1496), bishop of Callipoli; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford: fallow. 1489-1609; D.D.; warden of borttaTO 8t Thomas of Aeon in the Cheap, London. 1 1*10; suffragan to Richard Fitzjames, bishop of London, with tttie of bishop of Callipoli in Thrace, 1*13; warden of New College, Oxford, 1521; dean of Chicbester. He has been confused with John Yonge (1467-1*16) and John Yonge, who was fellow of New College, Oxford, 1*19, and root of Newton Longville. c. 1*96.
  291. ^ Nicholas Yonge (d. 1619), musician ; rrHMrrt under title Mnsica Transalpina two volumes of madrigals, translated from Italian and Flemish composers. 1688 and 1697. (IxiiL S99
  292. ^ Thomas Yonoe fU05?-H76), judge: stodied at Middle Temple; MJ n Bristol, 143*, 14S6, 1449, 144T. 1449, 1460, and 1455: presented petition to effect that the Duke of York should be recognised as heir to throne, 14*1, and was imprisoned in Tower of London, 14*1-2; M.P., Gloucestershire, 1460; serjeant-at-law and king's Serjeant, 1463; justice of king's bench, 147*. . IMZ-B; left mano04-97 (published by 'fcrar
  293. ^ Walter Yonge (1681?-1649), Magdalen College, Oxford, 1699. and Middle called to bar; sheriff of Devonshire. 1698; M.P,1 1040: one of victualler* of navy, c. 1649-8; left script diaries relating to years 1604-97 (published Camden Society, 1848) and 1649-* (c ings of Long parliament).
  294. ^ Sir William Yonoe , fourth baronet (*. 17ft* i. politician: whig M.P. for Honiton. 1716-64, and Tirerton. 1764; commissioner of revenue in Ireland, 1793; commissioner of treasury in Great Britain, 1794-7 and 173U; K.B., 1726; on commission for executing office of lord high admiral, 1728; secretary at war, 173*: joint vicetreasurer of Ireland, 1746: P.R, 1748; ban. I.L.D. Cambridge, 1749; a firm supporter of Sir Robert Waipole; collaborated with Roome and Ooncanen In converting the old comedy, The Jovial Crew by Richard Brome , into a comic opera (produced at Dmry Lane, London, 1731), and had some reputation as a rhyming wit.
  295. ^ York Dura OF. See LAXOLKT, KOMI-MI PK, first DUKE, 1341-1409; PLANT AUKXKT HOWARD, second DUKE, 1S737-1416; RICHARD, 1411-1460; RICHARD, 1472-1483; JAMES II, KINO OP BNSUAND, 16SS-1701.
  296. ^ Duchess of York .
  297. ^ Cardinal of York (1794–1807).
  298. ^ Sir John York (d. 1569?), master of the mint; great-grandson of Sir Richard York; assay-master to mint, 1544; master of mint at Southwark, 1547; sheriff of London, 1549: supported John Dudley, earl of Warwick, and was knighted by Edward VI, 1549; master of the king's woods; employed on secret missions abroad, 1550; under-treasurer of mint in the Tower of London, 1550, and master, 1551-3; member of Russian company or merchant adventurers to Moscovy 1553; prominent supporter of Lady Jane Grey, and on that account imprisoned in Tower of London, 1553.
  299. ^ Laurence York (1 l:l t-.; iMpJtollH MMl 11687-1770). of St. Orcsjonr College, Donay, 1705; ordained priest, 1711; joined English mission at Bath, 1730: bishop of Nisibis, 1741; vicar-apostolic of western district, 1750-64.
  300. ^ Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge (d. 1415).
  301. ^ Sir Richard York (d. 1498), politician ; chamberlain of York, 1459: sheriff and mayor of staple of Calais at York, 1466; mayor of York, 1469-82; M.P., York, 1478: knighted, 1487.
  302. ^ Rowland York or York(d. 1688), soldier of fortune: probably sou of Sir John York; served as volunteer in Netherlands from 1672; imprisoned at Brussels for conspiring to betray Ghent to Duke of Parma, 1580-6; appointed by Leicester to command of Zutphen ooonce, which lie delivered to Spaniards; became captain of troop of lancers in Spanish service, and was perhaps ptinmH by Spaniards as safeguard against treachery.
  303. ^ William Op York (d. 1256).
  304. ^ Charles Yorke (1722–1770), lord chancellor; son of Philip Yorke, first earl of Hardwicke; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1749; barrister, Lincoin's Inn, 1746, bencher, 1764; contributed largely to Athenian Letters; joint clerk of crown in chancery, 1747; M.P., Reigate, 1747-68, Cambridge University, 1 768; counsel for East India Company, 1751: K.C. and solicitorgeneral to George, prince of Wales, 1754; solicitor-general, 1766-61; attorney-general, 1762; dealt officially with question of Wilkes's lilel inNorth Briton No. 45; resigned, 1763; left Pitt's party and adhered to Rockingham whigs; recorder of Dover and Gloucester, 1764; again attorney-general, 1765-7; drafted constitution for province of Quebec, which was embodied in Quebec Act, 1774; lord chancellor and privy councillor, 1770; F.R.S. field-marshal;
  305. ^ Sir Charles Yorke (1790–1880), ensign, 1807; lieutenant, 52nd foot, 1808; served in Peninsular war; captain, 1813; commanded brigade at Waterloo, 1815; lieutenant-colonel and inspecting field officer of militia, 1826; colonel, 1841; major-general, 1851; second in command in Kaffir war, 1862; military secretary at head-quarters, 1854-60; colonel, 33rd foot, 1865; K.O.B., 1866: G.C.B., 1860; general, 1865; constable of Tower of London, 1875; field-marshal, 1877.
  306. ^ Charles Philip Yorke (1764–1834), politician ; son of Charles Yorke (1722-1770); of Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., per literas regias, 1783; barrister, Middle Temple, 1787; M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1790-1810, St. Germains, 1810, and Liskeard, 1812-18; privy councillor, 1801; secretary at war, 1801-3; home secretary, 1803-4; a teller of the exchequer, 1810; gained notoriety by his responsibility for enforcement of standing order for exclusion of strangers during debate on Walcheren expedition, 1810; first lord of admiralty, 1810-11; F.RJS., 1801; F.S.A..
  307. ^ Charles Philip Yorke , fourth EARL OF Hardwicke (1799–1873), admiral ; son of Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke; educated at Harrow and Royal Naval College, Portsmouth; lieutenant, 1819; commander, 1822; captain, 1825; in Mediterranean, 1828-31; M.P., Reigate, 1831-2, Cambridgeshire, 1832-4; succeeded his uncle, Philip Yorke, third earl of Hardwicke, 1834; oommaiKled Black Eagle yacht, 1844-5; rear-admiral, 1864; admiral, 1863; postmaster-general, with seat in cabinet, 1852.
  308. ^ Henry Redhead Yorke (1772–1813), publicist; joined radical society at Derby, c. 1793; imprisoned for conspiracy, sedition, and libel, 1795-8; subsequently renounced revolutionary sympathies; published writings on political and historical subjects.
  309. ^ James Yorke (ft. 1640), heraldic writer ; worked as blacksmith at Lincoln; published a genealogical and heraldic compilation entitled The Union of Honour 1640.
  310. ^ Joseph Yorke , BARON Do VKR( 1724–1792)' diplomatist; son of Philip Yorke, first earl of Hardwicke ; ensign, 1741: lieutenant-colonel in 1st footguard*, 1746; served an aide-de-camp to Cumberland at Pontenoy, and during Scottish campaign, 1745-6; aidede-camp to George II, 1747; colonel of 9th foot, 1756, 6th dragoon*, 1760. llth dragoons, 1787, and 1st lifeguards, 1789; general, 1777; secretary of embassy at Paris, 1749; British minister at the Hague, 1751, and ambassador, 1761-80; K.B., 1761; M.P. for East Grinstead, 1751-61, Dover, 1761-74, and Grampound, 1774-80; created Baron Dover, 1788.
  311. ^ Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke (1768–1831), admiral; son of Charles Yorke (1722-1770); entered navy, 1780: lieutenant, 1789; commander, 1790; M.P., Reigate, 1790-1806 and 1818-31, having in the interval represented St. Germains, West Looe, and Sandwich; captain, 1793; lord of admiralty, 1810-18; knighted, 1810: rear-admiral, 1810; at Lisbon, 1810; K.O.B., 1815; admiral, 1830.
  312. ^ Philip Yorke , first Earl of Hardwicke (1690–1764), lord chancellor; worked in office of a London solicitor, 1706-8; barrister, Middle Temple, 1715; joined Lincoln's Inn, and was bencher and treasurer, 1724; M.I, Lewes, 1719, Seaford, 1722-34; solicitor-general, 1720; knighted, 1720; recorder of Dover, 1720-64; attorney. general, 1724; conducted prosecutions of Edmund Curll !, 1727, Thomas Woolston, Thomas Bambridge j, 1729; invested with coif and appointed chicf; justice and privy councillor, and created Baron Hard1 wicke, 1733; recorder of Gloucester, 1735; lord clian! cellor, 1737; member of council of regency during j George IPs absence from realm, 1740; responsible for insertion of attainder clauses in act of 1744 making correspondence with Young Pretender or his brothers punishable as an act of high treason; presided as lord high steward at trials of rebel lords, 1745, and was responsible for subsequent legislative measures directed against Scotland, including proscription of the tartan and the abolition of heritable jurisdictions; created Earl of Hardwicke and Viscount Royston, 1754; resigned office in crisis following loss of Minorca, 1756; LL.D. Cambridge, 1753; P.R.S., 1753; published speeches and legal writings. He did much to transform en uty from a chaos of precedents into a scientific system.
  313. ^ Philip Yorke , second Earl of Hardwicke (1720-1790), son of Philip Yorke, first earl of Hardwicke; LL.D. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1749; F.R.S., 1741; F.S.A., 1745; wrote with his brother Charles most ofAthenian Letters: or the Epistolary Correspondence of an Agent of the King of Persia, residing at Athens during the Peloponnesian War printed privately, 1741, and published, 1798; M.P., Reigate, 1741-7, Cambridgeshire, 1747-64; privy councillor, 1760; succeeded as Earl Hardwicke, 1764; teller of exchequer, 1738; lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, 1757, high steward of Cambridge University, 1764-90; edited several political collections, including Walpoliana: or a few Anecdotes of Sir Robert Walpole 1783.
  314. ^ Philip Yorke (1743–1804), author ; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1765; F.S.A., 1768; M.P., Helston, 1774-81, Grantham, 1792-3; published The Royal Tribes of Wales 1779, a valuable account of the five regal tribes.
  315. ^ Philip Yorke , third Earl of Hardwicke (1767-1834), son of Charles Yorke; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1776; LL.D., 1811; high steward of the university, 1806; M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1780-90: succeeded his uncle, Philip Yorke, second earl of Hardwicke q. r.l, 1790; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1801-6; K.G., 1803F.R.S.; F.S.A.
  316. ^ Philip James Yorke (1799–1874), chemist, mineralogist, and meteorologist; educated at Harrow: joined Scots fusilier guards and became lieutenant-colonel, 1852; colonel of Herefordshire militia during Crimean war; original member of Chemical Society, 1841, and president, 1853-5; F.R.S., 1849.
  317. ^ William Youatt (1776–1847), veterinary surgeon; educated for nonconformist ministry; conducted in partnership a veterinary infirmary in Wells Street, Oxford Street, London, from c. 1812, and indepen I dently from c. 1824; delivered lectures to veterin ! ary students at University College, 1830-5; founded and conducted Veterinarian monthly periodical, 1828; I original member of Royal Agricultural Society, 1838; received diploma of Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, 1844; wrote several treatises on animals.
  318. ^ Thomas Youlding (1670–1736).
  319. ^ Henry Youil (fl. 1608), musician: published 'Canzonets to three Voyces 1608.
  320. ^ Andrew Young (1807–1889), schoolmaster and poet; educated at Edinburgh University; bead-master o( Niddric Street School, Edinburgh. l3u 10; head English master of Madras College, St. Anln-v.-. 1 840-63; superintendent of Orcciisiile parish Sabbath school, Edinburgh. 1853-88; wrote many hymn-, iiu-liiding There is a happy land(1838), first published in James Gall's 'Sacred Songs llxiii.B8
  321. ^ Anthony Young (ft. 1700–1730), organist of St. Clemeut D.UK-S, London; published aougii, 1707: said, though on insufficient evidence, to have oompoted the national anthem.
  322. ^ Sir Aretas William Young (1778?–188), soldier and colonial governor; ensign in Karl of Portmore's regiment, 1795: lieutenant, 13th foot, 179ft; captain, 1796; major, 97th regiment, 1807; served in Peninsula, 1808-10 and 1811; lieutenant-colonel, 3nl West India regiment at Trinidad, 1813; member of council of Trinidad, 1820: temporary governor, 1830 and 1821-3; protector of slaves in Dcmerara, 1836; lieutenantgovernor of Prince Edward's island, 1831; knighted, 1834.
  323. ^ Arthur Young (1693–1759), divine; LL.D. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1728: prebendary of Canterbury, 1746; vicar of Exning, 1748; chaplain to Arthur ( tiulow ; published religious works.
  324. ^ Arthur Young (1741–1820), agriculturist and author ofTravels in France son of Arthur Young (1693-1759); apprenticed for mercantile career at Lynn: started, 1762, in London,Universal Museum monthly magazine, which failed after five mouths; engaged in farming at Bradfield, Berkshire, 1763-6; published The Farmer's Letters to the People of England, 1 1767; took farm at North Minims, Hertfordshire, 1768; published numerous works on agricultural and political subjects, including Observations on the present State of the Waste Lands of Great Britain 1773, and Political Arithmetic 1774; F.R.S., 1773; agent to Lord Kingsborough in co. Cork, 1777-9; publishedTour in Ireland 1780; began Annals of Agriculture 1784, forty-seven volumes appearing continuously till 1809; went with M. de Lazowski and Count de la Rochefoucauld on tour to Pyrenees, 1787; deputed by wool-growers of Suffolk to support petition against wool bill, 1788, but was unsuccessful, the bill being passed; made second journey in France, 1788, and third, proceeding to Italy, 1789; published Travels in France (containing the famous phrase 'the magic of property turns sand into gold, 1792; secretary to board of agriculture, 1793, issuing numerous treatises relating to agriculture of English counties; left materials for a great work, entitled Elements and Practice of Agriculture
  325. ^ Young or YONG, BARTHOLOMEW (ft. 1577–1598), translator of Montemayor's Spanish romance of Diana, published, 1598; studied at Middle Temple: in Spam, f. 1577; translated from Boccaccio; bis version of Diana used by Shakespeare in writingTwo Gentlemen of Verona
  326. ^ Young Sm CHARLES GEORGE (1795–1869), Garter kiug-of-arms; educated at Charterhouse, London; rouge dragon pursuivant, 1813; York herald, 1820; registrar, 1K22-42; Garter principal kiui?-of-arius, 1842: knighted, 1842: F.S.A., 1822: hou. D.C.L. Oxford, 1854: wrote heraldic works, printed privately. His report (135) on the heraldic grievances of the baronets wus utilucd by Disraeli inSybil
  327. ^ Charles Mayne Young (1777–1866), comedian ; educated at Eton and Merchant TaylorsSchool; clerk in a city house; appeared on stage at Liverpool, iae, playing subsequently at Manchester and at Edinburgh, where he formed friendship with Sir WalterScott; played Hamlet at the Haymarket, Londou, 1807, and i also Hotspur and Petruchio; with John Philip Kenible Ooveut Garden Company, 1808, his parts icludiui Othello, Macbeth, lachimo, Prospero, Jaques, Joseph Surface, Coriolaims Mark Antony u*pL*&?; patra'J Richard 111, Oassius, lago, Falstaff, Mug John, and King Lear; with Kean at Drury Lane, London, 1822, original Rienzi in Miss Mitford's Rienzi at Drury Lane 1828: retire-i from stage, 1832. His most popular comic parts were Sir Pertiiiax Macsycophaut and Megrim in
  328. ^ j52Tib4SS v j pr " ! i: j (2 h -: ... A:. B.OL, 1714; DJC.L*. 1719; , and (ieuiv* Uobb ItnfllMbM q.Y.J.and manner of Addtnrt III patronage of Wbarton; produced at Drury Lana, ITlt. and the Rt duced at tame theatre, 1731; published series 'TheUnlvtrPass4co173:obaplaitoOorr rector of Wdwyn, 17W: narriai Lady EumJ daughter of George Henry Lee, second earl of 1731; published, 1743,The Complaint: Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality. 1 wbi _ diately achieved popularity: brought eat The Brother* tragedy played at Drury Lane, 1761; clerk of the closet Usbed, 1757-78, 7 vote.
  329. ^ Sir George Youno (1733–1810), shipman, 1767; at Louisbonrg, 1768, an lieutenant, 1761; on Jamaica tattoo; on West African station; flag captain to Bir Vernon in Bast Indies, 1777: appointed to and Mary yacht, 1779: knighted, 1781; roj 1794; admiral, 1799; F.RA, 1781; F.SJL; activ ported proposal of Jean Maria Matra for estabfUfcii colony in New South Wales, 1784; promoter and one first proprietorsof Sierra Leone Company, 1791.
  330. ^ George Young (1777–1848). theologian, topographer, and geologist; M.A. Edinburgh, 1819; pastor of united associate presbyterian oongreKation, Whitby, 18061848; published theological writing* and works relating to Yorkshire.
  331. ^ George Renny Young (ft. 1834–1847), *ut brother of Sir William Young (1799-1887); in Scotland: establishedNova Sootian 1824; published political, historical, and other works.
  332. ^ Sir Henry Edward Fox Young (1808–1870), colonial governor; son of Sir Arcto* William Young v.: entered Inner Temple, 1831; treasurer of tft. 1833; government secretary of British Guiana, 1835; lieutenant-governor of eastern province of Cape Colony, 1847; governor of South Australia, 1848, and Tasmania, 1855-61; knighted, 1847.
  333. ^ James Young (d. 1789), admiral; lieutenant, 1739; commander, 1743; captain, 1743; served in batik near Minorca ( By ng attributing to him disorder In rear divl-ion of fleet), 1766; in expedition against Rocbefort, 1767. and off Brest, 1769; rear-admiral of red. 1763: vice-admiral of white, 1770; commander-in-chief on Leeward islands station, 1776; admiral of white, 1778. IxliL S76)
  334. ^ James Young (181 1- 1883), chemist and originator of paraffin industry; studied under Thomas Graham (180*1869) at Andersouiau University, Glasgow, and was hia assistant, 1R31 -2, accompuuyiug him to University College, Londou, 18117; manager to Mesers. Tennant at Manchester, 1841; set on foot movement for establishing Manchester Examiner ncwopupcr, first published. 1846: engaged in manufacture of oik from petroteuui pring "t Alfreton, Derbyshire. 1848-41: in partomh Edward Meldrum and Edward William Biuiwy q. v.J. for manufacture of oils fromTorbane Hill mlneraVor Boghead coal i 1856, with sucows, aimed chiefly at a repeal he had been forestalled: took over whole I partners, 1866, and sold it to Young 1 * raramnUfbt and Mineral Oil Company 1866: president, Andoraon-i College, 1868-77: F.kS., 1873: settled at Kelly, J blgan, at Pitlocbry, with Profa-or pcrimeuts on velocity of light: LLJ). St. generous friend of 5 ~ * re of oils from Torbane liiu mineral, 01 at Bathgate, 1860: began sale of paraffin. cess, occasioning much litigation, which rVrcpeal of bis patent on groand.tbmt
  335. ^ John Young (1514-1580), master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; 1U8;, College. Otobridfic, 16: original member of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546; B.D., 1553, ami incorporated at Oxford, 1554; master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1554; canon of Ely, 1554; vice-chancellor of Cambridge, 1553-6; regius professor of divinity, 1555; deprived of mastership and imprisoned for refusing oath to Queen Elizabeth, 1559.
  336. ^ John Young (1534?–1605), master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and bishop of Rochester; educated at Mercers School, London; B.A. Cambridge, 1552; fellow of Pembroke Hall, 1553-68; M.A., 1555; ordained, 1561; B.D., 1563; prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1564, and Southwell, 1566; master of Pembroke Hall, 1567; D.D. and vice-chancellor, 1569; canon of Windsor, 1572; bishop of Rochester (celebrated In Spenser's Shepheard's Calendar as Roffey an abbreviation of Roffensis), 1578.
  337. ^ John Young (1760?–1820), professor of Greek at Glasgow; M.A. Glasgow, 1769; professor of Greek, 17741820, proving a very efficient and popular teacher.
  338. ^ John Young (1756–1825), mezzotint engraver; mezzotint engraver to Prince of Wales, 1789: keeper of British Institution, 1813-25.
  339. ^ John Young (1773–1837), agricultural writer ; educated at Glasgow; emigrated to Nova Scotia, c. 1815; published letters on state of agriculture, procured establishment of board of agriculture in Nova Scotia and became ite secretary.
  340. ^ Sir John Young , second baronet, BARON LISQAU (1807-1876), born at Bombay; of Eton and Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford; B.A., 1829; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1834; tory M.P. for co. Cavan, 1831-55; lord of treasury, 1841; secretary of treasury, 1844-6; privy councillor, 1852; chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-5; lord high commissioner of Ionian islands, 1855-9; G.O.M.G., 1855; opposed project of union with Greece; governor-general and commander-in-chief of Ner South Wales, 1861-7; G.C.B., 1868; governor-general of Canada and governor of Prince Edward's island, 1869-72; created Baron Lisgar, 1870; resigned office, 1872.
  341. ^ John Young (1811–1878), Canadian economist ; born at Ayr, Scotland; went to Canada, c. 1825; became partner in mercantile firm in Quebec, and from 1841 in Montreal; identified himself with the Free Trade Association (Montreal), 1842, and did much to promote commercial progress; commissioner of public works with seat in cabinet, 1861-2, in Hincks-Morin ministry: inspector at Montreal and chairman of harbour commission, 1874; published writings relating to Canadian economy.
  342. ^ John Radford Young (1799–1885), mathematician; almost entirely self-educated; published Elementary Treatise on Algebra 1823, and subsequently issued a series of elementary works; professor of mathematics at Belfast College, 1833-49; made several original discoveries, including a proof, 1844, of Newton's rule for determining number of imaginary roots in an equation.
  343. ^ Matthew Young (1750–1800), bishop of Clonfert; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1774; fellow, 1775; D.D., 1786; professor of natural philosophy, 1786; bishop of Clonfert, 1798; his works includeEnquiry into Principal Phamomena of Sounds and Musical Strings 1784; and an amended version of the Psalms printed at Dublin University press (to Psalm cxli.), but not published.
  344. ^ Patrick Young (1584–1662), biblical writer ; son of Sir Peter Young;
  345. ^ Sir Peter Young (1544–1628), tutor to James VI; probably M.A., St Andrews; studied on continent, 1562-8; joint-instructor with George Buchanan (1506-1582) of infant king James VI, 1570; won king's affection and became his favourite counsellor; master almoner, 1577; sent on embassy to Frederick II of Denmark, 1586 and 1587; privy councillor, 1586; sent to complete negotiations for marriage of James VI and Princess Anne, daughter of Frederick, the Elector Palatine, 1589; one of King James's eight councillors (Octavians), 1595; on special embassy to Christian of Denmark to obtain support on question of succession to throne of England, 1598; accompanied King James to London, 1603; tutor and chief overseer in establishment of Prince Charles, 1604; knighted, 1605; master of St. Cross Hospital, Winchester, 1616.
  346. ^ Robert Young (1657–1700), forger and cheat; claimed to have been educated at Trinity College, Dublin; procured admission to deacon's orders by means of forged certificates of learning and moral character, c. 1680, and held successively several Irish curacies; imprisoned for bigamy; realised considerable sums of money by forged letters to wealthy clergymen, a fraud which was discovered by archbishop of Canterbury, whose handwriting he had counterfeited; imprisoned for this in Newgate, 1690-2; fabricated, while in Newgate, a sham plot for restoring the exiled James II, and prepared document containing forged signatures of Marlborough, Cornbury, Salisbury, Sancroft, and Thomas Sprat, bishop of Rochester; succeeded temporarily in imposing on governi ment, but the scheme being discovered was imprisoned in King's Bench, whence, 1698, he escaped, turning to coining for livelihood; arrested and found guilty, 1700; executed.
  347. ^ Robert Young (1822–1888), theologian and orientalist; apprenticed as printer; opened business as printer and bookseller, 1847; studied oriental and other languages; literary missionary and superintendent of mission press at Surat, 1856-61; chief work, Analytical Concordance to the Bible 1879.
  348. ^ Thomas Young or Yonge (1507–1568), archbishop of York; B.A. Broadgates Hall, Oxford, 1529: M.A., 1533; D.O.L., 1564; principal, 1542-6; precentor of St. David's Cathedral, 1542; publicly announced adherence to Reformation; resigned preferments and retired to Germany, 1553; restored, 1559; bishop of St. David's, 1559; archbishop of York, 1561; sat on commission at Lambeth which drew up the articles, 1561.
  349. ^ Thomas Young (1587–1655), master of Jesus College, Cambridge; M.A. St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, 1606; private tutor in London, one of hia pupils being John Milton; chaplain to English merchants at Hamburg, 1622-8; vicar of St. Peter and St. Mary, Stowmarket, 1628; took leading part in controversy occasioned by Humble Remonstrance of Joseph Hall, bishop of Norwich, 1640; member of assembly of divines at Westminster, 1643; master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1644; deprived, 1650, on refusal to comply with new test; published Dies Dominica a work on observance of Sabbath, 1639.
  350. ^ Thomas Young (1773–1829), physician, physicist, and Egyptologist; acquired at early age great knowledge of ancient and modern languages: studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1793; elected member of Royal Society, 1794, in recognition of paper, 1793, in which he attributed accommodating power of eye to a muscular structure of the crystalline lens; proceeded to Edinburgh and Gbttingeu; created doctor of physic, Gbttingen, 1796; fellow commoner at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1797; opened practice as physician in London, 1799; professor of natural philosophy at Royal Institu of Sir Peter Young; M.A. St. Andrews, 1603; in- tion, editor of the Journals and superintendent of the corporated at Oxford; appointed chaplain of All Souls College, Oxford, 1605; employed at court as correspondent with foreign rulers, the diplomatic language being then Latin; librarian successively to Prince Henry, James I, and Charles I; prebendary of Chester Cathedral, 1613; incorporated M.A. Cambridge, 1620; prebendary and treasurer of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1621, and Latin secretary, 1624; rector of Hayes, 1623; sequestered, 1647; entrusted with revision of Alexandrian codex of Septuagint (his annotationes being printed in vol. vi. of Brian Walton's 'Polyglot Bible 1657), and other Greek manuscripte. house, 1801; resigned professorship, 1803: foreign secretary to Royal Society, 1802-29; M.B. Cambridge, 1803; M.D., 1808; F.R.O.P., 1809; censor, 1813 and 1823, and Croonian lecturer, 1822 and 1823; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1811-29; superintendent of Nautical Almanac and secretary of reconstituted board of longitude,- 1818: retired. from practice, 1814. Memoir by him On the Mechanism of the Eye Phil. Trans 1801), contained the first description and measurement of astigmatism, and a table of optical constants of the eye in close agreement with modern determinations. He first explained colour sensation as due to the presence in the retina of structures which correspond to the three colours red, green, and violet respectively. He expounded in his paper 0n the Theory of Light and Colours(t*. 1801) his doctrine of interference of light, marking an epoch in the history of the subject, and in his * Btsay on Cohesion of Fluids (ib. 1H4) gave the theory of capillary action brought forwunl imk-pcn.lently ( 1H05) by Laplace, and now known by hi mum l- rriil.-rcl valuable assistant in trandattaC the demotic text of theRosetta stone, and coittribiiteil the article onEgyptto the Encyclopaedia Hritanuica 1818, publinhing aluoAn Account of Remit Discoveries In Hieroglypuical Literature and Egyptian Antiquities 18*3, and -Enchorial Egyptian Di.-tionary appended to Egyptian Grammar by Henry Tattam, 1830.
  351. ^ William Young ( fl. 1663), musician : vioHut in household of Co:iut of Iniiripruck; said to have publishwl musical compositions, 1663; left rauaical works in manuscript.
  352. ^ Yotjno Sm WILLIAM, second baronet (1749–1816), colonial governor; matriculated at University College, oxford, 1768; travelled on continent; publishedThe Spirit of Athens 1777; M.P. for St. Mawes, Cornwall, 1784-1806, and Buckingham, 1806; follower of Pitt till 1801, after which be went over to Grenville's party: F.R., 1786; F.S.A., 1791; secretary to Association for promoting Discovery of Interior Parts of Africa; governor of Tobago, 1807-16. His publications include political writings and autobiographical memoirs.
  353. ^ Sir William Young (1761 - 1821), admiral ; entered navy, 1761: lieutenant, 1770: captain, 1778; in Mediterranean, 1793; made unsuccessful attempt to destroy a tower jn Mortella Bay, on north-west coast of Corsica, 1794; rear-admiral, 1795; lord of admiralty, 1795-1801; admiral, 1806; coinmander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1804-7; commanded fleet in North Sea, 1811; G.C.B., 1816; vice-admiral of United Kingdom, 1819.
  354. ^ Sir William Young (1799–1887), chief-justice of Nova Scotia; son of John Young (1773-1837); born in Scotland; educated at Glasgow; joined his father in Nova Scotia; called to bar of Nova Scotia, 1826, and of Prince Edward's Island, 1836; Q.C., 1843: liberal member for Cape Breton iu legislative assembly of Nova Scotia, 1832, for Inverness, 1837-59, and for Cumberland, 1869; took prominent part in negotiations arising from rebellion of French Canadians, 1838-9, and in quarrel between legislative assembly and Sir Colin Campbell (1776-1847), 1839; member of executive council, 1842; speaker of legislative assembly, 1843-64; premier and attorney-general, 1854-7; premier and president of executive council, 1859-60: chief- justice of Nova Scotia, 1860-81; knighted, 1868; judge of court of vice-admiralty.
  355. ^ Elizabeth Younge (1T44 T-lTtT). See Ton.}
  356. ^ Richard Younge or Young (fl. 1U7-U7IX), Calvinist tract writer; pabiMarf, Ittf 5l
  357. ^ Elizabeth Younger (ltt9T-17l) actress; sister of M Blckndl fa. r.1: SSrtr JJS* * 1706, and with Drury Lane and 1711; at Lincoln-, Inn FWd. OB anffllng, at 8L Bo*
  358. ^ John Younger (17M-1 writer on angling and poet ; MtUed M well* near Loognewtou, 1811: pabUthsd -ThoafhUa. they Rise a volume of poems, 1814, nd River Anffting for Salmon and Trout,* 1819; lift manuscript mSSR published in Autobiography of John Younger? 1881.
  359. ^ Ypre 8, WILLIAM or, erroneously styled Earl of Kent (d. 1165?).
  360. ^ Yule 8m GEORGE UDNKY M81I-18M), civilian; brother of 6ir Henry Yufc q. T.I; with corps of mounted European volunteer* in Indian mutiny; member of governor-general council.
  361. ^ Yule sm HENRY (1810–1889 1 freofrapber ; eda Addboombe, and development of irrigation *y*tem of -Went province*, 1841-9; in bikh van, -9; under-aecretary to Indian pubUc cated at Edinburgh High School, Addl* I ham; appointed to Bengal engineers, 1840; worked on  : restoration and f  ! Moguls in North j 1846-6 aud 1818-9; works department, 1866: secretary to Colonel (afterward* 1 Sir Arthur) Pbayre embassy to Banna, 18U; pub : liahed Narrative of Minion to Ava 18M; retired from service, 1862; O.B., 1863; raided at Palermo. 1881-71: member of Indian council, 1871-89: K.O-S.I., 188*. His publications inclnde Mirabllia descripta. The Wooden of the East by Jordanus, 1861, Cathay and the Way MB thither 1866, and Diary of Sir William Hedge* 1887 (all edited for Hakluyt Society X an edition of Marco Polo 1871, and Hobson Jobson, Glossary of AngloIndian Colloquial Word, and Phrases 1888.
  362. ^ Robert Yule (1817–1867), soldier ; brother of Sir Henry Yule: publishedOn Cavalry Movements,* 1866, aud other work*: died in action before Delhi. z
  363. ^ Zadkiel (pseudouym). See Richard James Morrison James 1795–1874.
  364. ^ Joseph Zaehnsdorf (1816–1886), bookbinder : born in Pesth, Austria-Hungary: apprenticed as bookbinder at Stuttgart; went to London, 1837; opened business, 1842; his work ranked with that of Bedford aud Riviere.
  365. ^ Enoch Zeeman (1694–1744).
  366. ^ George Gu Zerffi 8TAVUS (1821–1892), writer on history and art; born in Hungary; came to England on failure of revolution, 1849; employed in art department, South Kensington, and became lecturer, II publishedManual of Historical Development of Art, 1876,Studies in Science of General History 1887-9, and other work..
  367. ^ Christian Friedr Zincke 10H (1684?–1767), enamel-painter; born in Dresden: came to England, 1706; pupil of Charles Boit; cabmet-pamter tc Frederick, prince of Wales: enjoyed wide practice as painter of portraits in enamels.
  368. ^ Foster Barh Am Zincke (1817–1893). antiquary ; K)rn at Kardley, Jamaica; B.A. Wadhara College, Oxford, 13; vicar of WhersU-ad, 1847; one of Queen Victorias chaplains, c. 1862: tni veiled widely in various parted world, publishing works relating to ooantriM visltod, and other writings.
  369. ^ Zoe 8T, GERARD (1637?-1681).
  370. ^ Zoffanji Zoffany . or ZAJFANn. JOHN or Johann Johann ( 1733–1810), painter ; born at RaUftboo ; tudii at Rome; lived in Italy; ruim- to Kngland. 17M: worked successively for Stephen Uiiulwult, tlie clockmaker. and for Benjamin Wilson (a* drapery painter): attracted notice aa portraitpainter; membrr of BoeMj Of Artiste of Great Britain, 1781; painted Garnck and Samuel Poole and other acton in numerous cbaracton; member of Royal Academy, 1769: in Italy, 177S-9. and in India, 1 783-90, obtaining several lucrative nnm His skill lay chiefly in dramatic soenai and oon pieces, the background, being other artiste.
  371. ^ Jan Franz Van Zoon (IW8-1718 1-). Sox.
  372. ^ William Zoone (A 1MO-167I). See
  373. ^ Henry Zouoh (17M T-179iX antiquary an reformer; brother of Tboma. Zooch q. v.); 1LA. College, Cambridire. 17*0: vicar of Sandal Majroa, l.M1789; iiovenior of Wakcflcld nchooJ, 174H-44; rector o( Swillington, 1788-96: cliapUiii to Marchkmew of Rockingham; publibd work, on cial question.
  374. ^ Thomas Zouch (1737–1815), divine and antiquary: brother of Henry Zouch; pensioner of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1756; Craven scholar, 1760; M.A., 1764; D.D., 1805; minor fellow, 1762; major fellow, 1764; lector linguie Latin*, 1768; rector of Wveliffc, 1770-93; F.L.S., 1788; chaplain to Richard Pepper Arden, master of rolls, 1788; deputy commMooer of arc-lideaconry of Richmond, 1791; rector of Scrayingham, Yorkshire, 1793; governor of Wakefleld school, 1799-1805: prebendary of Durham, 1805; refused bishopric of Carlisle, 1807; published religious and other works, including an edition of Walton's Lives 1796, with a Life of Isaac Walton (separately issued, 1823).
  375. ^ Zouche, fourteenth Baron (1810–1873). See Robert Curzon.
  376. ^ Alan (de) la Zouche or Zouch, Baron Zouche (d. 1270), served with Henry III in Gascony, 1242; justice of Chester and of the four cautreds in North Wales, r. 1250; justice of Ireland under Henry's son Edward, 1255-8; adhered to Henry 111 during barons wars; sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1261-4; justice of forests south of Trent, 1261; king's seneschal, 1263; one of committee of arbitrators appointed to arrange terms of surrender of Kenllworth, 1266; warden of London and constable of the Tower, 1267-8; benefactor of the Knights Templars.
  377. ^ Edward la Zouche, eleventh Baron Zouche of Harringworth (1556?–1625), succeeded his father, 1569; educated under Whitgift at Trinity College, Cambridge; one of peers who tried Mary Queen of Scots, 1586; lived on continent, 1587-93; envoy extraordinary to James VI of Scotland, 1593-4; on commercial mission to Denmark, 1598; deputy-governor of Guernsey, 1600-1; president of Wales, 1602-15; one of commissioners for treasury, 1612; member of council of Virginia, 1609, and of New England council, 1620; lord warden of Cinque ports, 1615-24; patron of Ben Jonson and William Browne and other poets.
  378. ^ Richard Zouche (1690–1661), civilian; cousin of Edward la niche, eleventh baron Zouche; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1609-22; D.O.L., 1619; advocate of DoctorsCommons, 1617; regius professor of civil law at Oxford, 1620-61; fellow commoner at Wadham College, 1623-5; principal of St. Alban Hall, 1625-41; M.P., Hythe, 1621 and 1624; judge of high court of admiralty, 1641; sided with Charles I in civil war; deprived of judgeship, 1649, though retaining professorship at Oxford; member of university commission, 1660; was restored to judgesbip, 1661, but died less than a month later; published The Dove, or Passages of Cosmography 1613,Elementa Jurisprudentia.- 1629, a work mapping out the whole field of law and examining in detail its various departments, and numerous legal treatises; his treatise on Jus Feciale the first work which exhibits the law of nations as a well-ordered system.
  379. ^ William la Zouche or Zouch (or de la) (d. 1352), archbishop of York; M.A. and B.C.L.; chaplain to Edward III: clerk and purveyor of the great wardrobe, 1330, and, later, keeper of the wardrobe; keeper of privy seal, 1:536; treasurer of exchequer, 1337-8; treasurer of England, 1338-40: canon of Exeter, 1328; archdeacon of Exeter, 1330: canon of Southwell, 1333; prebendary of York, 1335; dean of York, 1336; prebendary of Lincoln, 1340; raiion of Ripon; elected archbishop of York, 1340,and, Edward urging claims of William de Kildesby, Zouche proceeded to Avignon to obtain Pope Benedict XII's confirmation; captured by brigands in diocese of Lausanne; arrived at Avignon, 1341, but with his rival was kept by Pope Benedict XII in suspense till his death; appointed to archbishopric by Clement VI; returned to England, 1342; excommunicated for opposing pope in question of succession to deanery of York, 1349-62; warden of Scottish march, 1346; took part in victory of Neville's Cross, 1346.
  380. ^ Francesco Zuccarelli or Zuccerelli(1702-1788), landscape-painter; born at Pitigliano, Tuscany; became renowned for decorative landscapes; scenepainter at the Opera House, London; foundation member of Royal Academy; patronised by royal family; returned to Italy, 1778.
  381. ^ Federig Zuccaro, Zucharo, or Zucchero (1542?-1609), painter; born at St. Anpelo in Vado, Tuscany: worked on paintings in Vatican, Home, and cathedral at Florence; came to England, 1574, and though he obtained some influential patronage, probably found but scanty employment; returned to Italy, 1578; founded, ami was first president of the Accademia S. Luca, Rome numerous portmits of his period attributed to him without much foundation; perhaps painted the Rainbow portrait of Queen Elizabeth at Hatfield, and that at Siena.
  382. ^ Antonio Pietro Zucchi (1726–1795), painter; born at Venice: accompanied Robert Adam and Charles Louis Clerisseau in travels through Italy and Dalmatia, 1754; came to England, 1766, and was employed by Adam on interior decorations of several mansions; A.R.A., 1770; married Angelica Kauffman , 1781; died at Rome.
  383. ^ Giuseppe Zucchi (. 1770), line-engraver, younger brother of Antonio Pietro Zucchi; practised as line-engraver in England; employed on Adam's Works in Architecture
  384. ^ John Hermann Zukektoet (1842–1888), chess master; born in province of Riga: graduated in medicine at Breslau, 1866; studied chess and became pupil of Anderssen: edited with Aiulerssen and, later, independently, Neue Berliner Schachzeitung; associated with Jean Dufresne in editing Grosses Schach-Handbuch; pubishedLeitfaden des Schachspiels a collection of problems; defeated Anders&eu, 1871; came to England, 1872, and was naturalised; founded and co-edited with Mr. L. Hoffer theChess Monthly 1879; defeated Rosenthal, 1880, Blackburue, 1881, and Steinitz (the effort hastening the breakdown of his health), 1883, but was defeated by Steinitz, 1886.
  385. ^ Frederick Nassau de Zuylestein (1608–1672), soldier; natural son of Henry Frederick, prince of Orange; governor to William (afterwards king of England), whom he accompanied to England, 1670; general of foot in Dutch army, 1672; slain at Woerden. iU DK, third , OF ROCHFORD (1646-1709), born at Zuylestein, cht; son of Frederick Nassau de Zuylesteiu
  386. ^ Frederick Nassa Zuylestein third Earl of Rochford (1682–1738), brother of William Nassau de Zuylestein, second earl of Rochford, whom he succeeded; member of whig opposition in House of Lords, 1710-14.
  387. ^ Zuylestein or ZULESTEIN, WILLIAM HENRY, first EARL near Utrecht; (1608-1672); entered Dutch cavalry, 1672: sent by William of Orange on missions of observation to England, 1687 and 1688, when he intrigued effectively with prominent malcontents; major-general in Dutch army, 1688; accompanied William of Orange to England, 1688; naturalised in England, 1689; master of robes to William III, 1689-95; lieutenant-general in English army, 1690: accompanied William III in Holland, 1693; created Baron Enfield, Viscount Tunbridge, and Earl of Rochford, 1695.
  388. ^ Zuylestein or ZULESTEIN, WILLIAM HENRY , fourth EARL OF ROCHFORD (1717-1781). son of Frederick Nassau de Zuylestein, third earl of Rochford: educated at Westminster School; lord of bedchamber, 1738; vice-admiral of Essex, 1748; envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary to king of Sardinia, 1749-66: groom of stole and first lord of bedchamber, 1755; privy councillor, 1766; ambassador extraordinary to court of Spain, 1763-6; British ambassador at Paris, 1766; secretary of state for northern department, 1768; opposed repeal of obnoxious American duties, 1769; promoted to southern department, 1770: resigned in view of the American difficulties, 1775; a master of the Trinity House; K.G., 1778.
  389. ^ Zuylestein or ZULESTEIN, WILLIAM HENRY , second EARL OF ROCHFORD (1681-1710), on of William Henry, first earl of Rochford; served as aide-de-camp to Marlborough in Flanders, 1704; returned to Irish parliament for Kilkenny, 1705; colonel, 3rd dragoons, 1707; whig M.P. for Steyning, Susex, 1708; served in Spain, 1709; brigadier-general, 1710; killed at Almenara
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