Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 49

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 49 running from name Robinson to name Russell.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 49 Robinson - Russell. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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Rogers Ruding^[482]
YSir Benjamin Rudyerd^[483]
William Ruff^[484]
Owen Ruffhead^[485]
Rufus^[486]^{[disambiguation needed]}
YGeoffrey Rufus^[487]
Richard Rufus^[488]^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}
YWilliam Rugg^[489]
Robert Rugge^[490]
Thomas Rugge^[491]

50

YGeorge Ruggle^[492] NB needs own article
Thomas Ruggles^[493]
Earl of Ruglen^[494]^{[disambiguation needed]}
YSaint Rule^[495]
YGilbert Rule^[496]
William Harris Rule^[497]
Sir Arthur Carlos Henry Rumbold^[498]
Sir George Berriman Rumbold^[499]
Henry Rumbold^[500]
Richard Rumbold^[501]

51 Notes

^ Anastasia Robinson, afterwards Countess of Peterborough (d. 1755), singer ; studied under Dr. Croft and Sandoni; performed on operatic stage, 1714-1724; married Lord Peterborough secretly, c. 1722, and publicly at Bristol, 1735; conducted a musical academy at Parson's Green.
^ Anthony Robinson (1762–1827), Unitarian pastor of baptist church, Worship Street, London; sugar refiner in London, 1796; published historical and other writings.
^ Benjamin Robinson (1666–1724), presbyterian divine; minister at findern, 1688, Hungerford, 1693, and Little St. Helen, Bishopsgate Street, London, 1700; lecturer at Salters' Hall, 1705; published writings on doctrine of Trinity.
^ Bryan Robinson(1680–1754), physician; M.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1711: prof.or.f"pi,-. fellow. 1712, and president, 171*. 17V7,:m,l l;;;,,.f King and yuccu College of pr.i.-tiw-l m Untilin; published mathematical and medical works.;
^ Sir Bryan Robinson (1808–1887),colonial judge: educated at Trinity College, DuMm to bar in NOT* Scotia, 18)1; master of chancery, 1834: Q.C. and member of executive council, 1843; puisne judge, 1858-78; knighted, 1877; died in England.
^ Sir Christopher Robinson (1766 - 18MX admiralty lawyer; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1789: D.C.L., 1796: entered College of Advocates, 1796; knighted and appointed king's advocate, 1809; tory M.I for Cullington, 1818-20; chancellor of diocese of London, ami judge of consistory court, 1821; judge of high court of admiralty, 1828; privy counclllorlBSS; published legal writings.
^ Clement Robinson (fl. 1566–1684), song-writer; edited and probably contributed to A Boke of very pleasaunte Soncttes 1566 (not extant; reprinted, 15H4, with title, A HaiKlefull of pleasant Delltes).
^ Daniel George Robinson (1826–1877), colonel, royal engineers; studied at Addiscombe; first lu tiu-niint, Bengal engineers, 1847; appointed to Indian survey, 1850; lieutenant-ooloncl, 1862; director-general of India's telegraphs, 1865; colonel, 1874; died at sea.
^ Frederick John Robinson, Viscount Goderich afterwards first Earl of Ripon (1782–1859), son of Thomas Robinson, second baron Grantham; educated at Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1802; entered Lincoln's Inn, 181)2; tory M. P. for Carlow borough, 1806, and Ripon, 1807: under-sivrctary fur colonies, 1809; lord of admiralty, 1810: privy councillor, 1812: joint paymaster-general of forces, 1813-17; introduced bill (which was passed) prohibiting importation of corn until average price of wheat in England should be 80. per quarter, 1815: chancellor of exchequer, 1823-7; obtained grant towards erection of building at British Museum to receive Royal Library, 1823; introduced extensive fiscal reforms; created Viscount Goderich, 1827; secretary for war, commissioner for Indian affairs, and leader of House of Lords, 1827: prime minister after Canning's death, August 1827; resigned, 1828: secretary for war and colonies, 1830; resigned and accepted post of lord privy seal, 1833; created Earl of Ripon, 1K33: resigned office, 1834; president of the board of trade, 1841; president of the board of control for Indian affairs, 1843-6; D.C.L. Oxford, 1839; F.BS., 1828.
^ Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson (1763–1852), general; born near New York; ensign in loyal American regiment in war of independence, 1777; lieutenant, 38th foot, 1780; major, 127th foot, 1794; colonel, 1810; commanded brigade in Spain, 1812-14, and in Canada, 1814-16; major-general, 1814; commanded troops in Windward and Leeward island**, 1816-21; governor of Tobago: colonel, 69th regiment, 1827, and of 89th, 1840; G.C.B., 1838; general, 1841.
^ George Robinson (1737 - 1801), bookseller; worked before 1764 with Rivington the publisher.
^ Hastings Robinson (1792–1866), divine; of Rugby and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1818; D.D., 1836; fellow and assistant-tutor, 1816-27: held living of Great Warley, 1827; honorary canon of Rochester, 1862; F.S.A., 1824; edited classical and other works.
^ Henry Robinson (1553?–1616), bishop of Carlisle; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1575; fellow, 1575; D.D., 1590; principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 15761681; provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1581-98; bishop of Carlisle, 1598-1616; commissioner for ecclesiastical causes, 1599; entered Gray's Inn, 1601; took part la Hampton Court conference, 1603.
^ Henry Robinson (1605?-1664?), merchant and economical writer;..f M..l-.l.nV..!!,,-. (,f,, n; fr.iman.,( MerceniCompany, 16M: comptroller for ale of royal laud*, 1669: published work* on economical quotient, and in hU controversial writing* opposed William Pry.
^ Henry Crabb Robinson (1775-1867), diarist; articled as attorney at Colchester; entered office In London, 1796; travelled lu Germany and Bohemia, and met Ooetbe and Schiller, 1800-S; studied at Jena Unlrenity, 180*-*; Time correspondent at Alton*; foreign editor of Time*; special Time* in Peninsula, 1808-9; barrister, Uiddkt IMS; leader of the Norfolk be was a founder of the Atbciueum Club and of University College, London, and was acquainted with many notable persons of bis day: P&A- 1829; his Diary and Letters published posthumously.
^ Hercules Robinson (1789–1864), admiral; brother of Sir Bryan Robinson; entered navr, 1800; lieutenant, 1807; nerved In Baltic and Atlantic: post captain, 1814; commander-in-chief regnhting fishery on Labrador coast, 1820; retired, 1846; vice-admiral, 1866; admiral, 1862.
^ Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, first Baron Rosmead (1824-1897), colonial governor: son of Hercules Robinson; educated at Sandhurst; first lieutenant, 87th mriment, 1844: retired, 1846; I president of Monteerrat, West Indies, 1854: lieutenantI governor of St. Christopher, 1855; governor of Hongkonv 1869-66, Ceylon, 1865-72, and New South Wales, 1872-9; negotiatal cession of Fiji Islands, 187 1: governor of New Zcalanl, 1879-80; governor of Cape Colony and high oommisslonar of South Africa, 1880-9: negotiated term* of peace with the Boers, 1881: came to England to assist in settling revised convention, 1884; obtained despatch of Sir Charles Warren V expedition, which resulted in annexation of Bechuanaland to British dominions, 1886, concluded treaty with Lobviigula, largely due to energy of Cecil Rhodes, 1888; created baronet, 1891; returned to South Africa as governor, 1895; negotiated (1896) at Pretoria for release of men who, without Robinson's sanction or knowledge, had raided (1895), under Dr. Jameson, the frontier of the South African republic: i English peerage, 18WJ; retired from governorship. 1H&7; knighted, 1K59; G.C.M.G., 1876; privy councillor, 1882.
^ Hugh Robinson (1584?–1655), divine; of Winchester and New College, Oxford: M.A., 1611; D.D. 1627; chief master of Winchester School, 1613-27; canon of Lincoln, 1625: archdeacon of Gloucester, 16S4: lost canonry and archdeaconry during civil war; took covenant aiul accepted from parliament living of Hint on; published educational works.
^ John Robinson (d. 1598), divine; B.A. and fellow. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1654; M.A., 1657; incorporated at Oxford, 1663: president of St. John's College, Oxford, 1564-72; B.D., 1667; D.I). Cambridge, 168S; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1586; canon of Gloucester, 1694.
^ John Robinson (1576?–1625), pastor of the pilgrim fathers; probably studied at Cambridge: held a cure at Norwich, and is said to have held and been suspended from a U-iicficc in Norfolk; emigrated to Arnsterdain ami joined separatists, 1008; removed, with a section of the community, to Le.Mlen, and was ordained pastor, William Brewster being a ruling elder, 160; entered Leyden L'nivt -rsity, 1U15: *k r ned, with Brewster, 'seven articlespn-rntl to privy council detailing scheme for emigration to America, 1617; perhaps wrote address alleged to have been delivered on departure ol pilgrims in charge of Brewster, 1620; died at Leyden; published controversial works.
^ John Robinson (1617–1681), royalist; of Christ Church, Oxford; entered Gray's Inn, 1637; lieutenant-colonel of royalist forces, 1643; deprived of estates by parliament; fled to Isle of Man and France; returned on Restoration; M.P., Beaumaris, 1661-79; vice-admiral of North Wales, 1666-81.
^ John Robinson (1650–1723), bishop of London; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1684; fellow of Oriel College, 1675-86: D.D. Lambeth, 1696, and Oxford, 1710; chaplain (c. 168(1) to English embassy at Swedish court, where ho remained mon: than twenty-five years, and :isr absence of Philip Warwick, the envoy, filled aticcewlvely posts of resident and envoy extraordinary: ht-M benefice of Lastingham, 1607-1709; accompanied Charles XII to Narva, 1700; interpreter to Marlborough duriMi? negotiations with Sweden, 1707; returned to England, and was appointed dean of Windsor and of Wolverhampton and registrar of knights of Garter, 1709; bNhop of Bristol, 1710; governor of London Charterboose anil dean of Chapel Royal, London; lord privy seal, 1711; appointed first English plenipotentiary at peace conference at Utrecht, 1712, and was first to sign treaty, 1713; bishop of London, 1714-23; privy councillor, 1714; published sermons and an Account of Sweden (1695).
^ John Robinson (1715–1745), portrait-painter.
^ John Robinson (1682–1762), organist of Westminster Abbey, 1727 till death.
^ John Robinson (1727–1802), politician; articled to Richard Wordsworth, attorney, grandfather of the poet; practised as attorney in St. Lawrence, Appleby; entered Gray's Inn, 1759; tory M.P. for Westmoreland, 1784-74; secretary of treasury, 1770-82; M.P., Harwich, 1774-1802; D.C.L. Oxford, 1773; surveyor-general of woods and forests, 1787; mentioned in Rolliad, Probationary Odes, and Junius's letters.
^ John Robinson , D.D. (1774–1840), divine; master of Ravenstonedale grammar school, 1795-1818; held livings in Westmoreland, 1818-40; published scholastic and other works.
^ Sir John Beverley Robinson, first baronet 1791-1863), chief-justice of Upper Canada; born at Berthier, Quebec; entered attorney's office; volunteer in militia in American war; clerk of house of assembly for Upper Canada, 1814; called to bar, c. 1815; solicitorgeneral, 1815: attorney-general, 1818; member of assembly; speaker of legislative council, 1828-40; chiefjustice of Upper Canada, 1829; C.B., 1850; created baronet, 1854; D.C.L. Oxford, 1855.
^ John Henry Robinson (1796–1871), line engraver; practised as portrait-engraver and book-illustrator; with eight other engravers petitioned House of Commons for investigation into state of the art of engraving in this country, 1836; A.R.A., 1856; R.A., 1867.
^ Mrs Martha Walker Robinson (1822–1888), married the Rev. John Robinson, 1861; compiled, under maiden name (Freer) works on French history,
^ Mary Robinson (1758–1800), known as 'Perdita'; actress, author, and mistress of George, prince of Wales (afterwards George IV); nee Darby; bora at Bristol and educated there and at Chelsea (where she afterwards kept a school with her mother) and Marylebone; became acquainted with Thomas Hull and David Garrick secretly married Thomas Robinson, 1774; imprisoned for debt in King's Bench prison; through Garrick's influence appeared successfully as Juliet at Drury Lane, London 1776; played Lady Anne in Richard III 1777, and other Shakespearean parts; attracted (1778) attention of Prince of Wales and became his mistress; deserted by prince; received pension from Fox; devoted herself to literature; produced several poems, plays, and stories, and is said to have taken part under various signatures in the Delia Crusoan literature. Her portrait was painted by Reynolds, Romney, Hoppner, Gainsborough, and others,
^ Mary Robinson (fl. 1802), called 'Mary of Buttermere; a noted Cumberland beauty; was married under false pretences, by the impostor John Hatfield , 1802, and on account of the imposition practised upon her became the subject of numerous verses, dramas, tales,
^ Matthew Robinson (1628–1694), divine and physician; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge 1652; fellow, 1650; held living of BurnSton, 1661-Sf licenced as physician; published Annotations on New Testament 169U oynrsoir.
^ Nicholas Robinson (d. 1585), divine; M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge 1551; fellow; D.D. 1566; 51-8; dean, 1578; university proctor, 1552; vice-president, 1561; subscribed Roman catholic articles, 1555; ordained, 1557; archdeacon of Merioneth, 1562; bishop of Bangor, 1566-85; supported protestant cause; took considerable interest in Welsh history and made translations from Welsh.
^ Nicholas Robinson (1697?–1775), physician; native of Wales; M.D. Rheims, 1718; practised in London; L.R.C.P., 1727; published medical works.
^ Peter Frederick Robinson (1776–1858), architect; F.S.A., 1826; one of first vice-presidents of Institute of British Architects, 1835-9; published architectural works.
^ Ralph Robinson (fl. 1551), translator; M A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1544; fellow, 1542; liveryman of Goldsmiths Company; clerk in service of Cecil (afterwards Lord Burghley); published translation of More'sUtopia 1651.
^ Ralph Robinson (1614–1655), puritan divine; M.A. St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1642; presbyterian minister of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, London, c. 1642; imprisoned on charge of complicity in conspiracy of Christopher Love; pardoned.
^ Richard Robinson (fl. 1574), servant in household of Earl of Shrewsbury. Published poetical writings.
^ Richard Robinson (fl. 1576–1600), author and compiler; sometimes erroneously identified with preceding; freeman of Leathersellers Company; co-operated vith Thomas Churchyard in translating Meteren's Historicae Belgicae (1602), and published other works.
^ Richard Robinson , first Baron Rokeby in Irish peerage (1709-1794), divine; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1733; B.D. and D.D., 1748: prebendary of York, 1738; chaplain to Duke of Dorset; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1751; bishop of Killala, 1752. of Leighlin and Ferns, 1769, aud Kildare, 1761; dean of Christ Church, Dublin, 1761; archbishop of Armagh, 1765; vice-chancellor of Dublin University; created Baron Rokeby of Armagh, 1777; first prelate of order of St. Patrick; a lord justice for Ireland, 1787; did much to beautify the town and cathedral of Armagh,
^ Robert Robinson (1735–1790), baptist minister and hymn-writer; joined Calvinists, 1755; assistantminister at Norwich Tabernacle, c. 1758; seceded and formed independent church in St. Paul's parish, Norwich; pastor of Stone Yard Baptist Chapel, Cambridge, 1761; published religious controversial and other works; wrote eleven hymns issued by Whitefield, 1757.
^ Robert Robinson (1727? –1791), dissenting minister; educated at PlaisterersHall, London; minister at Old Chapel, Dukinfield, 1752-6, and at Dob Lane chapel, near Manchester, 1755-77; published several discourses.
^ Sir Robert Spencer Robinson (1809–1889), admiral; entered navy, 1821: commander, 1838; held command in Channel fleet, 1850-2, and in Baltic, 1855: controller of navy, 1861-71; lord of admiralty, 1868-71; vice-admiral, 1866; civil K.C.B., 1868; admiral, 1871.
^ Samuel Robinson (1794–1884), Persian scholar; educated at Manchester New College (then at York); in business as cotton manufacturer successively at Manchester and Dukinfield; retired, 1860; president of Manchester New College, 1867-71; published translations from the German and Persian.
^ Sir Septimus Robinson (1710–1766), brother of Richard Robinson, baron Rokeby; of Christ Church, Oxford; served with French army, and subsequently with English in Flanders; lieutenant-colonel, 1754; knighted, 1760.
^ Sir Tancred Robinson (d. 1748), physician and naturalist; M.B. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1679: F.R.S., 1684; M.D. Cambridge, 1685; F.R.C.P., 1687, and censor, 1693 and 1717; physician-in-ordinary to George I, by whom he was knighted; contributed to Philosophical Transactions and wrote on natural history,
^ Thomas Robinson (fl. 1520–1561). See Robertson.
^ Thomas Robinson (fl. 1588–1603), lutenist .nd -oii'H.-tT: lxrn in Knirlainl: practised profession at court of Ivimiark; published u book of mu.-i 1603.
^ Thomas Robinson (fl.–1622), pamphleteer; probably studied at Cambridge; went to MM; entered English nunnery at Lisbon as secretary and mass-priest: publi.-lit-l in Guidon an account of the immoral practical of the inmates, 1623.
^ Thomas Robinson (d. 1719), author: rector of Ousby, 1672-1719; published works on natural history.
^ Thomas Robinson (d. 1747), entered Lincoln's Inn, 1730; published Common Law of Kent I'll.
^ Thomas Robinson, first Baron Grantham (1695-1770), diplomatist; of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge; minor fellow, 1719; secretary to English embassy at Paris, 1723; M.P. for Thirsk, 1727-34: one of the three English reprewntativea at congress of Soissons, 1728-9; ambassador at Vienna, 1730-48: represented England in negotiations with Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great, 1740-8; joint-plenipotentiary of England in peace negotiations of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748; returned to England, 1748; one of lords commissioners of trade: M J M Christchurcb, 1748-61: privy councillor, 1750: secretary of state for southern department and leader of House of Commons, 1754-5: raised to peerage, 1761; xlix. joint postmaster-general, 1765-0.
^ Sir Thomas Robinson, first baronet (1700?-1777), calledLong Sir Thomas colonial governor; brother of Richard Robinson, boron Rokeby; studied architecture in Greece and Italy: M.P., Morpeth, 1727; married Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Howard, third earl of Carlisle, and widow of Nicholas, lord Lechmere, 1728; created baronet, 1731; resided at Rokeby in the North Riding, Yorkshire; commissioner of excise, 1735-42; governor of Barbados, 1742-7; acquired shares in Ranelagh Gardens, London, and became director of entertainments; practically made the Rokeby of which Scott wrote, but was compelled to dispose of it in 1769.
^ Thomas Robinson, second Baron Grantham (1738-1786), eldest son of Thomas Robinson, first baron Grantham; of Westminster and Christ's College, Cambridge; M.A.. 1757; M.P., Christchurch, 1761: secretary of British embassy to intended congress at Augsburg, 1761; commissioner of trade and plantations, 1766, and first commissioner, 1780-2: vice-chamberlain of household and privy councillor, 1770; ambassador at Madrid, 1771-9; foreign secretary, 1782 3.
^ Thomas Robinson (1749–1813), divine; M.A. and fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1776; vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester, 1778; published religious works.
^ Thomas Robinson (1790–1873), divine ; educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge; MJL, 1816; M.A. Oxford, 1839; D.D., 1844: ordained priest, 1816; chaplain to Reginald Heber, bishop of Calcutta, 1825; lord almoner's professor of Arabic, Cambridge, 1837-54: master of the Temple, 1845-69: rector of Therfleld, 1853-60; canon of Rochester, 1854: published Persian translation of Old Testament and other works.
^ Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882), astronomer; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1810; fellow, 1814; deputy-professor of natural philosophy. Trinity College, Dublin; in charge of Armagh Observatory, 1823: rector of Carrickmacross, 1824-82; prebendary of i?t. Patrick's, Dublin, 1872: member of nautical almanac committee, 1830; invented cup-anemometer, completed, 1846: F.R.A.S., 1830; P.R.S., 1856, and royal medallist, 1862: president, Royal Irish Academy, 1851-6; D.D., LL.D. (Dublin and Cambridge); D.O.L. (Oxford): wrote on astronomical, physical, and other subjects,
^ William Robinson (d. 1768), architect and surveyor; published two technical architectural treatises.
^ William Robinson : (1720?–1775), architect; clerk of works to Greenwich Hospital, 1746; assisted ValH)le in executing the plans for Strawberry Hill, 1750-75; secretary to board of works.
^ William Robinson (1726?-18033), friend of Thomas Gray the poet; educated at Westminster and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1752; held various livings.
^ William Robinson (1799–1839), portrait-painter; pupil of Sir Thomas Lawrence
^ William Robinson (1777–1848). topographer and solicitor; barrister, Middle Temple, 1817; PJU., 1819: LL.D. Aberdeen, 1822: published legal writings.
^ William Robinson (d. 1870), reporter in the admiralty court: son of Sir Christopher Robinson; D.C.L., Balliol College, Oxford. 1829; entered Cottage of Advocates, 1830; published reports.
^ Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson (1834-1897). colonial governor; brother of (Sir) Hercules Robinson, afterwards first baron Rosmead; held various administrative positions and was governor of I Island (whose political he assisted to bring about), 1870-3, Western Australia, Prince Edward Island i litieal union with Canada 1874-7, 1880-3, and 1890-6, Strait! Settlements, 1877-80, and Sooth Australia, 1883-9, and acting governor of Victoria, 1889; Q.O.M.G.,1887; published musical composition-.
^ Henry Robinson-Montagu, sixth Baron Rokeby in Irish peerage (1798–1883), general; colonel, 1846; commanded division in Crimea; general, 1869; succeeded to peerage, 1847; G.C.B., 1876.
^ Matthew Robinson-Morris, second Baron Rokeby in Irish peerage (1713-1800), son of Matthew Robinson; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1734: fellow: M.P. for Canterbury, 1747 ami 1764; assumed name of Morris; succeeded his cousin, Ricluml Robinson, in title, 1794; published political pamphlet*,
^ Morris Robinson-Morris, third Baron Rokeby (d. 1829), nephew of preceding, whom he succeeded as third Baron Rokeby; published a political pamphlet.
^ John Robison (1739–1805), scientific writer; M.A. Glasgow, 175G; appointed by board of longitude to make trial voyage to Jamaica in charge of John Harrison's chronometer, 1762: returned to Glasgow and became acquainted with James Watt; lecturer on chemistry, Glasgow, 176G; anticipated Mayer in discovery that law of force is approximately in inverse square, 1769: held, with rank of colonel, mathematical chair attached to sea cadet corps, St. Petersburg, 1772: professor of natural philosophy, Edinburgh, 1773: first general secretary. Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783; published scientific works and contributed to Encyclopaedia Britannica
^ Sir John Robison (1778–1843), inventor; son of John Robison; educated at Edinburgh; entered service of nizam of Hyderabad as contractor for the establishment and maintenance of military service: left India, 1815: one of the foun.lers of Scottish Society of Arts, 1821, secretary, 1822-4, and president, 1841-2: knighted, 1838; invented many ingenious contrivances, and wrote extensively on scientific subject*,
^ John Robothom (fl. 1654), divine; minister of Rumbold's Wyke, c. 1648-51: preacher at Dover, 1654: subsequently minister of Upminster, whence he was ejected, 1660; published religious works.
^ Amy Robsart (1532?–1560). See Amye Dudley.
^ Charles Robson (1598–1638), divine; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1619; B.D.. 1G29 fellow, 1620-31; chaplain at Aleppo, 1624-:to: vicar of Holme-Cultram, 1632-8; published account of journey to Aleppo (162H).
^ Edward Robson (1763–1813), author; nephew of Stephen Robson; associate of Linnean Society, 1789; published botanical writings.
^ George Fennell Robson (1788–1833), watercolour painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1807: president of Oil and Water-colour Society (now Royal Society of Painters in Water-colours), 1819-20.
^ James Robson (1733-1806), bookseller; ente;ed (c.1749) shop of J. Brindley, New Bond Street, London, whom he succeeded 1769; high sheriff of Westminster, 1797* member of the Booksellers Dining Club at the Shakspeare Tavern.
^ Stephen Robson (1741–1779), botanist; linen manufacturer and grocer at Darlington: published botanical work*.
^ Thomas Frederick Robson (1H227-18G4). actor; his real name Thomas Robson Brownhill; worked as copperplate engraver; joined acting profession and was engaged under House at Grecian Saloon, London, f. 1845; in Dublin, 1880- 3, playing Bottom in 1851; joined Olympic company, London, 1863; showed remarkable power in burlesque and farce, and in some serious parts; undertook with Emden management of Olympic, 1867. His most successful parts were in the Yellow Dwarf (Blanche, 1864), Medea in Brough Medea(1856), and Sampson Barr in the Porter's Knot (1858).
^ William Robson (1786–1863), schoolmaster; published historical and other works and translations from Fmu-li.
^ John Roby (1793–1860), organist; organist at independent chapel, Rochdale; managing partner in banking firm at Rochdale, 1819; retired, 1847; published poetical and other writings, including Traditions of Lancashire 1829 and 1831.
^ William Roby (1766–1830), congregational divine; brother of John Roby; classical master at Bretherton grammar school, Lancashire; minister in Manchester, 1795-1830; published religious writings.
^ Simon Jacques Rochard (1788–1872), miniature-painter; born in Paris; patronised by Napoleon I and by court at Brussels; came to London, c. 1815; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1816-45; retired (1846) to Brussels, where he died.
^ Francois Theodore Rochard (d. 1858), portrait-painter; brother of Simon Jacques Rocbard; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1820-55.
^ Sir Boyle Roche, baronet (1743–1807), politician; entered army; served in American war; obtained office in Irish revenue department, c. 1775; M.P. (Irish parliament) for Tralee, and subsequently for Gowran, 1777-83, Portarlington, 1783-90, Tralee, 1790-7, and Old Leighlin, 1798 till the union; created baronet, 1782; chamberlain to rice-regal court; rendered government great services in connection with volunteer convention of 1783; celebrated as a perpetrator of bulls.
^ David Roche, Viscount Fermoy (1573?–1635), succeeded to title, 1600; loyal during the rebellion of Hugh O'Neill, second earl of Tyrone; rewarded by James I.
^ Eugenius Roche (1786–1829), journalist; born in Paris; came to London, c. 1804; engaged in several unsuccessful journalistic enterprises: editor of the Day 1810, later ofNational Register and (c. 1813) of the Morning Post
^ James Roche (1770–1853), the 'Roscoe of Cork'; born at Cork; wine merchant at Bordeaux; left France, 1797; established (1800) bank at Cork, which suspended payment, 1819; commercial and parliamentary agent for counties Cork, Youghal, and Limerick, 1819-26; local director at Cork of National Bank of Ireland, 1832-53; contributed to magazines under initials essays on literary topics which evinced much literary taste.
^ Maurice Roche, Viscount Fermoy (1595?-1660?), rebel son of David Roche, viscount Fermoy; imprisoned in Dublin for papistical inclinations, 1624; outlawed for share In rebellion, 1643; excepted from pardon, 1652, his estates being sequestrated,
^ Michael de la Roche (fl. 1710–1731), French protestant refugee; engaged in literary work in London; conducted periodical Memoirs of Literature 1710-14 and 1717; edited (1717-19) Bibliotheque Angloise (a periodical written in French and published at Amsterdam), and subsequently other periodicals.
^ Philip Roche (d. 1798), Irish rebel; Roman Catholic,priest at Poulpearsay, co. Wexford; joined rebels before battle of Tubbemeering, 4 June 1798; elected commander of rebels at Slyeeve-Keelter, near New Ross; captured after battle of Vinegar Hill, and hanged.
^ Mrs Regina Maria Roche Roche, (1764?-1845), novelist; born in Ireland of parents named Dalton; published (1793-1834) sixteen novels, including Children of the Abbey 1798. "
^ Robert Roche (1576–1629), poetaster; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1699; vicar of Hilton, 1617-29; published didactic doggerel verse.
^ John Thomas Rochead (1814–1878), architect; practised in Glasgow, 1841-70.
^ Peter des Roches (d. 1238). See Peter
^ Earls of Rochester . See WILMOT, HKMIY, first EARL, 1612 ?-1658; WILMOT, JoHN,sec*ond KAH i., 16471680; HYDE, LAURENCE, first EARL of the Hyde family. 1641-1711.
^ Countess of Rochester (d. 1725). See Jane Hyde.
^ Viscount Rochester (d. 1645). See Robert Carr.
^ Sir Robert Rochester (1494?–1557), comptroller of the household to Queen Mary; attached to Princess Mary's household, of which he managed the finances, 1647, and was appointed comptroller, 1551; imprisoned for refusing to carry the council's orders to Mary forbidding mass in her household, 1551-2; K.B. and comptroller of the royal household 1553; knight of the shire for Essex, 1563-5; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1654; on royal commission for treaty regarding Queea Mary's marriage with Philip II of Spain.
^ Solomon de Rochester (d. 1294), judge; took orders; justice in eyre for Middlesex, 1274, Worcestershire, 1275, and subsequently for Essex and other counties; dismissed and fined for maladministration of justice and corruption, 1289; prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral; probably died by poison.
^ Earls of Rochford . See ZUYLESTEIN, WILLIAM Henry, first EARL, 1645–1709; ZUYLESTEIN, WILLIAM De Nassau, second EARL, 1681–1710 ; ZUYLESTEIN, Nassau De Frederick, third EARL, 1682–1738; Zuylestein, William Henry Stein, fourth EARL, 1717–1781.
^ Viscount Rochford (d. 1536). See George Boleyn.
^ Sir John de Rochford (fl. 1390–1410), medieval writer; knighted before 1386; accompanied Henry IV to Wales, 1405; wroteNotabilia extracta... de vipinti uno libris Flavii Josephi (finished, 1406).
^ Robert Rochfort (1652–1727), Irish judge: recorder of Londonderry, 1680; joint-commissioner for great seal, 1690; attorney-general of Ireland, M.P., co. Westmeath, and speaker of the Irish House of Common::, 1695; chief baron of exchequer, 1707-14; friend of Swift.
^ Simon Rochfort (fl. 1224), first English bishop of Meath, 1194; one of judges in suit for possession of body of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1186)
^ Daniel Rock (1799–1871), ecclesiologist; educated at St. Edmund's College, near Ware, and at English College, Rome; ordained priest, 1824; D.D.; engaged onLondon mission 1825-7; priest of Roman catholic congregation of Buckland, 1840-54; one of first canons of Southwark Cathedral, 1852; published religious and archaeological works.
^ Buckingham, second Marquis of (1730–1782). See Charles Watson-Wentworth.
^ Rockingham, first Baron (1584–1653). See Sir Lewis Watson.
^ Edmund Rockray (d. 1597), puritan divine; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1564; B.D., 1670; fellow, c. 1560; canon of Rochester, 1577; suspended for nonconformity, 1584-8.
^ William Smith Rockstro (1823–1895), musician; pupil of Mendelssohn, Hauptman, ami Plaidy; studied at Leipzig, 1845-6; pianist, teacher, and composer in London; devoted his attention to musical archaeology and ecclesiastical music; teacher of counterpoint and plain-song in Royal College of Music, 1831: published General History of Music 1886. Among his best compositions la the madrigal too cruel fair (1883) in the manner of Palestrina.
^ Edward Hearle Rodd (1810–1880), ornithologist; qualified as solicitor, 1832: practised in partnership, 1833-78, at Penzance; published works on ornithology.
^ Horatio Rodd (fl. 1859), brother of Thomas Rodd the younger, with whom he was In partnership; subsequently picture-dealer and printseller In London; published miscellaneous writings.
^ Thomas Rodd , the elder (1763–1829), bookseller; educated at Charterhouse School, London, and in France; opened bookseller's shop in London, retiring 1821; published poetical and other writings.
^ Thomas Rodd , the younger (1796–1849), bookseller: son of Thomas Rodd the elder, whom he assisted; carried on the business from 1821; published miscellaneous writings.
^ Robert Roddam (1719–1808), admiral : entered navy, 1735; lieutenant, 1741: commander. 1746; poutcaptain, 1747; serred successively in North Sea, at New York, and in the West Indies, where he was captured by French, 1757; exchanged, 1759; rear-admiral of white, 1778; commnnder-in-chief at Nore; admiral of the blue, 1793; senior admiral of the red.
^ Earls of Roden . See JOCRLTV, ROBERT, first Earl 1731–1797 ; JOCKLYJ?. RORKRT, third EARL, 1788–1870.
^ William Thomas Roden (1817–1892), engraver and portrait-painter.
'^ Roderic the Great (d. 877). See Rhodri Mawr.
^ Roderic O'Connor (1116?–1198). See O'Connor.
^ Richard Roderick (*. 1756), critic and versifier ; M.A. QueensCollege.- Cambridge, 1736; F.R.S., 1750: F.S.A., 1752; coadjutor of Thomas Edwards (1699-1757) (q. v. in Canons of Criticism
^ Francis Rodes (1530?–1588), judge : educated at St John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Oray's Inn, 1552; raised to degree of coif, 1578; justice of common pleas, 1*85; took part in trial of Mary Queen of Scots, 1586.
^ Alexander Rodger (1784–1846), minor poet; son of a farmer at Mid-Calder, Midlothian; worked successively as silversmith at Edinburgh and handloom weaver at Glasgow; joined staff of Spirit of the Union a seditious weekly paper at Glasgow; imprisoned as suspected person; on staff of Glasgow Chronicle c. 1832, and subsequently of the Reformer's Gazette; published poetical writings.
^ John Rodington (d. 1348), Franciscan of convent of Stamford; D.D. Oxford; provincial minister of order in England; left manuscripts.
^ George Brydges Rodney, first Baron Rodney (1719-1792), admiral; educated at Harrow; entered navy as volunteer per order, 1732; captain, 1742; in Nprth Sea, 1744; took part in defeat of French under L'Etenduere, 1747; governor of Newfoundland, 1748-52; rear-admiral, 1759; bombarded and blockaded Havre, 1759 and 1760; oimnander-in-chief on Leeward Islands station, 1761; reduced Martinique and took possession of St. Lucia, Grenada, and St. Vincent, 1762: baronet, 1764: governor of Greenwich Hospital, 1765-70; M.P., 1751; M.P., Northampton, 1768; held command at Jamaica, 1771-4; rear-admiral, 1771; being in pecuniary difficulties owing to his pay being in arrears, lived at Paris, 1775-8; admiral, 1778; defeated Spanish off Cape St. Vincent, and was nominated extra K.B., 1780: proceeded to West Indies and took command of fleet on Leeward Islands station: foii'ht indecisive battle off Martinique with French under jriiichen; seized St. Eustatiu*, 1781; resigned command, owing to ill-health, to Sir Samuel (afterwards Viscount) Hood, 1781: rejoined Hood, 1782: defeated Frvm h under De Grasse off Dominica, received thanks of parliament, and was raised to peerage as Baron Rodney of Stoke-Rodney. Hi? portrait was painted by Reynolds and Gainsborough.
^ John Rodney (1765–1847), chief secretary to government of Ceylon: ton of George Brydffe* Rodney, flrst baron Rodney; studied at Royal Academy, Port* mouth; served under hU father at St. Vincent and in other engagement*; lieutenant, commander, and captain. 1780: Io*t his kv owing to an accident, 179*. and WM superseded; chief secretary to government of Ceylon. 1803-3J.
^ George Herbert Buonaparte Rodwell (1800-1852). author and musician; pupil of Vincent Novello and Sir Henry Bishop; professor of harmony and composition at Royal Academy of Mosie, 1828; proprietor of Addphi Theatre, London. 1825: director of music at Covent Garden Theatre. London, IBM; composed dramatic pieces and songs, and published work* on music, and other writings.
^ John Medows Rodwell (1808–1900), orientalist ; M.A. Gonville and Caiiw College, Cambridge, 1831; honorary fellow. 1886: rector of St. Peter's, Saffron Hill, London, 1836-43; held rectory of St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate, London, 1843 till death, bat retired from residential duty, e. 1878; translated the Koran into English, 1861.
^ George Hamilton Roe (1796–1873). physician; M.I). Kdinhurgh. 1821: L.R.C.P. London, 1828; IfJL and M.I). (1827) Trinity College, Dublin: incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1828; F.R.C.P., 1838: physician to Westminster Hospital, 1825-54; Harveian orator, Royal College of Surgeon*, 185G, and conciliarius, 1864, 1865, and 1866. xlix. 881
^ John Septimus Roe (1797–1878), explorer; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; midshipman, 1813: accompanied Captain F. P. King in expeditions to northwest coast of Australia, 1818 and 1821; served In Burmese war, 1825-7; surveyor-general of Western Australia, 1828r. 1870; member of executive and legislative council of the colony; F.L.S., 1828.
^ Richard Roe (d. 1853), author ; probably B.A. Dublin, 1789: took holy orders; published New System of Shorthand poetical and other works.
^ Sir Thomas Roe (1581?–1644), ambassador: commonerof Magdalen College, Oxford, 1693; esquire of the body to Queen Elizabeth during hut years of reign; knighted, 1605; sent by Henry, prince of Wales, on voyage of discovery in search of gold to West Indies and South America, 1610-1 1, and twice subsequently; served in Netherlands, 1613; M.P., Taniworth, 1614; carried out successful mission as lord ambassador to court of Jehanglr, Mogul emperor of Hindustan, with object of arranging commercial treaty, 1615-18, and laid foundation of greatness of British India: visited Persia on homeward journey: as ambassador to Ottoman Porte, 1621-8, secured privileges of English merchants and improved relations between England and Algiers; succeeded in attaching Bethlen Gabor, prince of Transylvania, to the protestant alliance; mediated successfully between kings of Sweden and Poland, 1629-30: chancellor of order of Garter, 1637; ambassador in negotiations with imperial, French, and Swedish plenipotentiaries for settlement of terms of general peace, 1638-42; privy councillor and M.P. for Oxford university, 1640; ambassador extraordinary at Vienna, 1642-3: left diplomatic memoirs and correspondence (part published X
^ John Roebuck (1718–1794), inventor; studied chemistry and medicine at Edinburgh: M.D. Leyden, 1742; established a chemical laboratory at Birmingham; invented improved methods of refining precious metals and several improvements in processes for production of chemicals, including manufacture of sulphuric acid: established manufactory of sulphuric acid at Preston pans, 1749; formed company for manufacture of iron on river Carron, Stirlingshire, r. 1760, the Carron manufactory subsequently becoming famous for production of ordnance (hence name canronade), and in 1762 patented a process of iron manufacture Involving the use of pit coal; lost large sums of money owing to lack of success with coal-mines and salt-works leased at Borrowstounness, Linlithgowshlre, where he was afterwards employed by his creditors as manager; member of I loyal Societies of London and Edinburgh; friend and patron of James Watt.
^ John Arthur Roebuck (1801 -1879), politician; grandson of John Roebuck; bom at Madras; 1 in Canada: barrister. Inner Temple, 1831: joined i circuit; Q.C. and bencher of his inn, 1K43: airent j England for bouse of assembly of Lower Canada, IMS; M.P.. Bath. 1882-7 and 1841-7; published weekly pamphlet* supporting his political views as anindependent member: member of Reform Club, 18:16-64; M.I., Sheffield, 1849-68 and 1874-9: moved, 1865, for committee j-.iiry into conduct of Crimean war, with result that Aberdeen's government resigned and Palmerston, whosuccceded as premier, appointed Sebastopol committee, with Roebuck as chairman: chairman of Administrative 11. form Association, 1866; a supporter of Lord Beaconsfield's policy, 1877-9; privy councillor, 1878; published political works.
^ Thomas Roebuck (1781-1819), orientalist; cadet in East India Company's service, 1801; captain. 1815; published works in or relating to Hindustani and Persian.
^ Pieter van Roestraten (1627–1700), painter; born at Haarlem, Holland: worked successfully in England as painter of portraits and still life.
^ James Roettiers(1663–1698), medallist ; son of John Roettiers, whom he assisted at the mint; assistant-engraver, 1690-7.
^ James Roettiers (1698–1772), medallist : son of James Hoettiers (1663-1698); engraver-general of Low Countries, 1783-73.
^ James Roettiers (1707–1784), medallist and goldsmith; son of Norbert Roettiers; engraver of mint* to Pretender, 1727.
^ John Roettiers, Roettier or Rotier (1631-1703), medallist; perhaps born at Antwerp; engraver at mint, 1661: appointed one of chief engravers, 1662: assisted at different periods by Joseph, James, and Norbert, his sons: produced medals commemorating Restoration nnd official coronation medals for James II and William and Mary; removed from office owing to theft by labourers of dies for coins, 1697.
^ Norbert Roettiers (1665?–1727), medallist; son of John Hoettiers: official assistant-engraver at mint, K.9U: attached himself to Stuarts at St. Germain,. li.i:: appointed engraver to mint by James Kdward, the Old Pretender, lor whom he made English and Scottish coins inscribed James III und James VIII; engraver-general of French mint, 1703.
^ Roger of Breteuil, Earl of Hereford (fl. 1071-1075). See Roger Fitzwilliam.
^ Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel (d. 1093?), son of Roger the Great, who was cousin of William the Conqueror, Ralph de Mortimer ; trusted supporter of Duke William; fought at Domfront, 1048 contributed sixty ships for English invasion, which he accompanied: returned to Normandy, 1067, and was left as guardian of the duchy jointly with Matilda; obtained earldom of Shrewsbury, 1071; founded Shrewsbury Abbey 1083-7; secretly supported Robert against William Rufus but fought with William Rufus at Rochester, 1088; became monk at Shrewsbury; built many castles on the Welsh borders; benefactor to the monks.
^ Roger the Poitevin (fl. 1088–1102), Earl of Lancaster; son of Roger de Montgomery; fought against William Unfa* at Rochester, 1088, but was afterwards 'to favour; joined his brother, Robert of Belleme against Henry I, 1102; expelled from England.
^ Roger Bigod (d. 1107), founder of the 'house" 1 of I "trod in England afUr the Conquest: endowed by 1079 with the forfeited estates of Ralph de Guader, earl of Norfolk; appears in Domesday as holdin ir six lordships in Essex and 117 in Suffolk; received from Henry I gift of Framlingham, which became nrinci- I pal stronghold of himself and descendants.
^ Roger Infans (fl. 1124), chronologer; wrote, c. 1124, a method of computing the calendar.
^ Roger of Salisbury (d. 1139), called Roger the Great; originally a priest near Caen ; entered service of Hoary I a oteward; chancellor, 1101; appointed bishop I * l* bu iry. 1102, but not consecrated till 1107; justiciar; took Stephen's side, 1135, and contributed largely to his Mtinm-d as justiciar, and exercised great inmienci- over government of kingdom, and consequently excited enmity of barons of his party: summoned l. .-tcphen to Oxfonl and arrested. 1189; his castles surrendered and his power curtailed. He renewal and adorned the cathedral of Salisbury and built several castles, iueludii.p Devizes. The administrative system of secular government was remodelled under his direction.
^ Roger Pauper (fl. 1139), chancellor; son of Roger of Salisbury; chancellor to King Stephen till 1139.
^ Roger of Ford (fl. 1170), called also Roger Gostum, Gustum, and Roger of Citeaux; Cistercian monk of Ford, Devonshire; wrote Account of Revelations of St Elizabeth of Schonau and other works.
^ Roger of Hereford (fl. 1178), writer on mathematics and judicial astrology; probably educated at Cambridge.
^ Roger (d. 1179), divine: son of Robert, earl of Gloucester (d. 1147); cousin of Henry II, who appointed him bishop of Worcester, 1163: one ot bishopcharged to- convey to Pope Alexander III Henry II.appeal against Archbishop Thomas Becket; denounced for supporting Thomas, whom he followed into exile; contrived to regain in some measure Henry II's favour, whilecontinuing his friendship with Thomas; sent, after inurder of Thomas, to intercede in Henry IPs behalf with the legate, Archbishop William of Sens, and afterwardswith Pope Alexander III, 1171; died at Tours.
^ Roger of Pont L'Evêque (d. 1181), archbishop of York; Neustrian scholar, brought up in court of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; one of KingStephen's chaplains; sent by King Stephen on mission toRome, 1152; archbishop of York, 1154: present at conn cil of Tours, 1163; joinel Henry II in contest with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury; papal legate in England, 1164; performed coronation ceremony for Henry II's son, 1170, in spite of Becket's protests nnd express orders of Pope Alexander III; was probably ultimately responsible for murder of Becket; obtained decision in Lateran council, 1179, that no profession of obedience was due from York to Canterbury; legate for Scotland, 1180; excommunicated William the Lion for contumacy, 1181; buried at York.
^ Roger of Hoveden or Howden (d. 1201?). See Hoveden.
^ Roger (d. 1202), bishop of St Andrews; son of Robert de Beaumont, third carl of Leicester (rf. 1190 ; high chancellor of Scotland, 1178-89; elected bishop of St Andrews, 1189, and consecrated, 1198: perhaps abbot of Melrose.
^ Roger of Croyland (d. 1214?), prior of Preston. c. 1213; revised (1213) a life of Becket made by an Evesham monk.
^ Roger de Wendover (d. 1236). See Wendover.
^ Roger de Wesham or Weseham (d. 1257). See Wesham.
^ Roger de Thurkilbi (d. 1260). See Thurkilbi.
^ Roger de Leybourne (d. 1271). See Leybourne.
^ Roger of Waltham (d. 1336), clerk in service of Antony Bek (d. 1310), bishop of Durham; prebendary of St Paul's, London, 131(5; keeper of Edward II V wardrobe, 1322-3; wrote philosophical and other works.
^ Roger of Chester (fl. 1339). See Chester.
^ Roger of St Albans (fl. 1450), Carmelite friar in London: wrote genealogical table showing descent of Henry VI from Adam.
^ Benjamin Rogers (1614–1698), musician; chorister of St. George's Chapel. Windsor; organist of Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin, 1639-41; driven away by Irish rebellion, 1641; lay clerk of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1660; organist to Eton College, 166:: inform.,tor choristarum, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1665-85: M 11 -. Doc. Oxford, 1669; composed several services and other church music, besides glees and songs.
^ Charles Rogers (1711–1784), art collector; custom house, 1731;,-1,-rk nf certificate, 1 175-2; F.U.S., 1757. Cull.s-toi work-i 01 art, incladinK pictures, prints,:m,l illuimnut.-.l maun,, ri;. Ins death, jius-ol to Willhini Cotton. ultimately bequeathed to tti- Plymouth I'n.Library; published collection of ungnn drawings, aud other works. xlix.
^ Charles Rogers (1825–1890), Scottish author; educated at St. Andrews, and was licensed by the 1 8 ! tribution of tracts, the Grampian Club, 1868, for issue of Scottish antiquarian work*, and claimed to Royal Historical Society ( IK;, of which he was secretary and historiographer till 1880; D.D. St. Andrews, 1881: wrote and edited miscellaneous work*.
^ Daniel Rogers (1538?–1591), diplomatist; son of John Rogers (1500?-1555): born in Wittenberg; came to England, 154H: naturalised, 1652; studied at Wittenberg aud Oxfonl ( B.A., 1561): secretory of fellowship of English merchants at Antwerp, 1575; engaged in diplomatic business in Low Countries, 1676-8; went on mission to Duke of Saxony, 1580, but wan arrested on imperial territory and imprisoned till c. 1584; clerk of privy council, 1587.
^ Daniel Rogers (1573–1652), divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1599; fellow, 1600-8; strongly advocated puritanism: successively minister of Haversham, and lecturer at Wethersfleld; suspended by Laud, 16*9; published religious works from the Calvlnlstic standpoint.
^ Sir Edward Rogers (1498?–1567?), squire of body to Henry VIII: M.P., Somerset, 1553, 1558, 1559, and 1503-7; knighted, 1649; abroad during Queen Mary reign; vice-chamberlain, captain of guard, ami privy councillor, 1558; comptroller of household, 1560-5.
^ Ezekiel Rogers (1584?–1661), divine; son of Richard Rogers (1550?-1618); M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1604; private chaplain: held living of Rowley; suspended for puritanism; emigrated to New England, 1638; pastor of township of Rowley, established by fellow colonists.
^ Francis James Newman Rogers (1791–1851), legal writer; educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1815; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816, and Inner Temple, 1820: K.O., 1837: deputy judge-advocate-general, 1842; published legal works.
^ Frederic Rogers, Baron Blachford (1811–1889), educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford, where he was intimate with Fronde and John Henry Newman; Craven scholar, 1829; MA., 1835; B.O.L., 1838; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1833; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1831; Vinerian scholar, 1834, and fellow, 1840; in sympathy with and (1845) contributor to the tractarian movement; one of founders of Guardian newspaper, 1846; registrar of joint-stock companies, 1844; commissioner of lauds and emigration; permanent undersecretary of state for colonies, 1H60-71; G.C.M.G., 1883; privy councillor, 1871; raised to peerage, 1871.
^ George Rogers (1618–1697), physician; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1641; M.B., 1642; M.D. Padua, where he became English consul; incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1648; practised in London from c. 1U54: F.R.C.P., 1664, and president, 1688.
^ Henry Rogers (1585?–1658), divine : M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1608; D.D., 1637; prebendary of Hereford, 1616; deprived by parliamentarians, 1645; published theological works.
^ Henry Rogers (1806?–1877), 'Edinburgh' reviewer and Christian apologist; apprenticed as surgeon; entered congregationalist ministry, 1829; lecturer on rhetoric and logic, Highbury College, 1832; professor of English language and literature, University College, London, 1836, and of English, mathematics, and mental philosophy, Spring Hill College, Birmingham, 1839; began connection with Edinburgh Review 1839. Contributed The Eclipse of Faith 18M, a piece of clever dialectics, which achieved large popularity.
^ Isaac Rogers (1764–1819), watchmaker; ticed in.man of Oloekmakers 1776; ma-u-r. 1824; member of Levant MK'n. lUro rsfkUi it,,.
^ James Edwin Thorold Rogers (1823-1890) political economist; of King's College, London, and i:ii-. Hall, oxfort: MJL, 1*9: enrate of 8t Company. pany; de Oxford: abandoned clerical profession; first Tooke hMrd rtB*MisaM! MM&H -:,.,-. * London. 1869-90; Drummond jiiaftsiM economy, Oxford, 18S1-T; t Tooke proing's College, of political economy, Worcester College, Oxford, 1888: reected mmoud professor, 1888; published works on economic. economic history, including History of Agriculture Prices (6 vols.), 1866-87. . u.loptoi; Clerical Disabilities Belief Act, of which he was first to avail himself, 1870; engaged in political agitation; M.P., southwark, 1880-5, Bennondse v, 1886-: lecturer in political economy, Worcester College, Oxford, 1888: rejected Drummoud and and Prices
^ John Rogers (1500?-1555), martyr: B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1626; rector of Holy Trinity. London, 1532-4; chaplain to English merchant adventurers at Antwerp, 1534; became intimate with Tindal, was converted to protestantism, and took charge of protestant congregation at Wittenberg, c. 1537; supplied with prefatory matter and marginal notes and for publication Tindal's version of the bibl,-, lished at Antwerp, 1637, known as Matthew's dedication being signed with pseudonym, Thomas thf.v; rector of St. Margaret Moyses, London, and vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1650; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1551: divinity lecturer at St. Paul's, London; temporarily suspended for declining to conform to ordinances respecting vestments; deprived of emoluments of his benefices for preaching against popery, 1553; imprisoned in Newgate, 1554; sentenced to death as heretic, 1555; burnt at Smithfield, the first victim of the Marian persecution.
^ John Rogers (1540?–1603?), diplomatist; son of John Rogers (1500?-1555); born at Wittenberg; came to England, 1548; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1567; fellow; LL.D., 1574; joined College of Advocates, 1574; M.P., Wareham, 1585, 1586, and 1589; chancellor of Wells Cathedral, 1596-1603; employed on several diplomatic missions abroad.
^ John Rogers (1572?–1636) puritan divine; educated at Cambridge; vicar of Dedham, 1605-36, his lecture being suppressed, on ground of his nonconformity, 1629-31.
^ John Rogers (1627–1665?), Fifth-monarchy man; son of Nehemiah Rogers; joined advanced puritans, and was turned out of doors by his father; servitor at King's College, Cambridge; received presbyterian ordination, 1647; minister of Purleigh; went to London and joined independents: lecturer at St. Thomas Apostle's, London: sent by parliament to Dublin as preacher, 1660; returned to England. 1652: joined Fifth-monarchy men; denounced as a conspirator, 1654, and imprisoned; released, 1657; sent to Tower of London on charges of con. spiracy, 1658: proceeded to Ireland; became chaplain in Fairfax's regiment, and subsequently took refuge in Hoiland: studied medicine at Leyden and Utrecht; M.D. Utrecht; returned to England, 1662; admitted M.D. Oxford, 1664; published controversial works.
^ John Rogers (1610–1680), nonconformist divine; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1688; vicar of Croglin, 1661; ejected, 1662.
^ John Rogers (1630–1684), divine; son of Nathaniel Rogers, with whom he emigrated to New England. 1636; graduated in theology and medicine at Harvard University; president of Harvard, 1682.
^ John Rogers (1679–1729), divine: M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1700; took orders; fellow, 1706; D.D., 1719; vicar of Buckland, 1704; rector of Wrington, 1716; chaplain in ordinary to George II, then prince of Wales, 1726; vicar of St. Giles Cripplegate. London, 1728; published sermons aud controversial works.
^ John Rogers (1740?–1814), Irish seceding divine; minister at Cahans, Co. Monaghan, 1707: opposed relaxation of penal laws against Roman catholics, 1782; professor of divinity for Irish burgher synod, 1796; clerk of synod, 1779-1814; published religious writings.
^ John Rogers (1778–1856), divine; of Eton and Trinity College, Oxford: M.A., 1810; rector of Mawnan, 1807-38; canon-residentiary of Exeter, 1820; supervised, Hebrew bible, published by Society for Promoting Conversion of Jews, 1813; published religious works.
^ Joseph Rogers (1821-1889), medical practitioner; brother of James Edwin Thorold Rogers; medical officer to Strand workhouse, London, 1856-68, and of Westminster infirmary, 1872; founder and president of Poor Law Medical Officers Association.
^ Josias Rogers (1755–1795), navy captain; entered navy, 1771; commander, 1780: wounded and captured in engagement off Oape May, 1782; exchanged; caouin. 1787 flag-captain to Sir John Jervis (afterwards Earl of St. Vincent), 1790; joined fleet in West Indies, 1793, and died of yellow fever.
^ Nathaniel Rogers (1598–1655), divine; M.A. Emmanuel College. Cambridge, 1621; curate at Bocking; adopted puritan views; rector of Assington; sailed for New England, 1636; pastor of Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1638; member of synod.
^ Nehemiah Rogers (1593–1660), divine; brother of Timothy Rogers (1589-1650?): of Merchant Taylors School, London, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: M.A., 1618; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge; prebendary of Ely, 1636; rector of St. Botolph'a, Bishopsgate, London, 1642; sequestered of rectory and prebend, 1643; pastor at St. Osyth, near Colchester; held living of Doddinghurst, near Brentwood, c. 1657: published treatises on the parables.
^ Philip Hutchings Rogers (1786?–1853), painter; educated under John Bidlake, Plymouth; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1808-51.
^ Richard Rogers (1532?–1597), divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1552: B.D., 1562: M.A. Oxford, 1660; archdeacon of St. Asaph, c. 1559; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1566; suffragan bishop of Dover, 1568; dean of Canterbury, 1584-97; master of Eastgate Hospital, Canterbury, 1595.
^ Richard Rogers (1550?–1618), puritan divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1574; lecturer at Wethersfield, c. 1577: temporarily suspended for petitioning against Whitgift's three articles, 1583: joined Cartwright's presbyterian movement, signed Book of Discipline, and in consequence frequently suffered persecution; published religious works.
^ Robert Rogers (1727–1800), colonel; born at Dunbarton, New Hampshire; commanded Rogers's Rangers in war with French in North America, 1755-60; visited England, where he came to attract George III's notice by publishing his journals; governor of Mackinaw, Michigan, 1765; after various misfortunes became colonel in the British army in America and raised queen's rangers; published topographical and historical memoirs and other works; died in England.
^ Samuel Rogers (1763–1855), poet; entered bank in which his father was partner, in Cornhill, London; began contributing to Gentleman's Magazine 1781; published, 1792, Pleasures of Memory which achieved popularity; on death of his father, 1793, he became possessed of comfortable means and grew intimate with most eminent men of his day; visited Paris, where he cultivated tastes as an art connoisseur; attained high position among men of letters, many of whom were indebted to his influence or personal generosity; printed privately, 1808, and published, 1810, a fragmentary epic onColumbus and other poems in following years, including Human Life (1819) and Jacqueline which was printed in the same volume with Byron's Lara (1814); was offered but declined the laureateship, 1850.
^ Thomas Rogers (d. 1616), protestant divine: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1676: rector of Horningsheath, 1581-1616: opposed Dr. Bound in Sabbatarian controversy; chaplain to Bancroft, whom he aided in literary work; published two works on the English creed, and other writings.
^ Thomas Rogers (1660–1694), divine; of Trinity College and H:irt Hall, Oxford; M.A., 1682; rector of Slapton, near Towcester, 1690; published miscellaneous writings.
^ Thomas Rogers (1760–1832), divine; H.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1783; head-master, Wakefield grammar school, 1795-1814; chaplain of West Riding house of correction, 1817; published lectures.
^ Timothy Rogers (1589–1650?), puritan divine; preacher at Steeple, 1621; vicar of All Saints Sudbury, 1636; published writings.
^ Timothy Rogers (1658–1728), nonconformist minister; educated at Glasgow University; assistant to John Shower in London, 1690-1707; published sermons and other writings.
^ William Rogers (ft. 1580–1610), engraver: probably studied copper-plate engraving in school of Wierix family, Antwerp, and is first Englishman who is known to have practised the art. Among plates by him are some rare portraits of Queen Elizabeth,
^ William Rogers (1819–1896), educational reformer: educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1844; studied theoloary at Durham; perpetual curate, 1845, of St. Thomas's, Charterhouse, London, where he did much to ameliorate social condition of his parishioners by means of education; member of royal commission on popular education, 1858; chaplain in ordinary to Queen Victoria, 1857; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1862; rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London, 1863. He founded numerous schools, and was active in reconstructing Alleyn's charity at Dulwich, 1871.
^ William Gibbs Rogers (1792–1875), woodcarver; studied style of Griuiing Gibbons, and gained considerable reputation; employed on carvings in Kensington Palace and Pavilion, Brighton,
^ Woodes Rogers (d. 1732), commander-in-chief of two private men-of-war fitted out by Bristol merchants to cruise against Spaniards in South Sea, 1708: reached Juan Fernandez, 1709, and found Alexander Selkirk; proceeded to coast of Peru, sacked Guayaquil, and after several engagements returned to England, 1711; published journal of the voyage, 1712; rented Bahama islands from lords proprietors and obtained commission as governor, 1717: arrived at Nassau, 1718, and, after facing serious opposition from pirates, returned, 1721; appointed (1728) captain-general and governor-in-chief of Bahama islands, where he died.
^ John Bolton Rogerson (1809–1859), poet; worked in mercantile firm and afterwards with solicitor in Manchester; kept bookshop, 1834-41; contributed to newspapers, and subsequently engaged in journalistic and other enterprises; published poems.
^ Peter Mark Roget (1779–1869), physician and savant; studied medicine at Edinburgh (M.D., 1798) and in London: physician to infirmary at Manchester, 1805; L.R.C.P., 1809; physician to Northern Dispensary, which he projected, 1810; physician to Spanish embassy, 1820, and to Milbank penitentiary, 1823; commissioned by government to inquire into water supply of metropolis, 1827-8; first Fullerian professor of physiolopy. Royal Institution, 1833-6: F.R.S., 1816, after reading of paper on a new sliding rule which he contrived; secretary to Royal Society and editor of the Proceedings 1827-49; F.R.C.P., 1831, Gulstonian lecturer, 1831, and censor, 1834 and 1835: took active part (1837) in establishment of University of London; published Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases 1852.
^ Barons Rokeby . See Romxsox, RICHARD, first Baron 1709–1794 : ROBINSOX-MOHUIS, MATTHKW, second Baron 1713–1800; RoBixsox-MoxTAUU, HENRY, sixth Baron 1798–1883.
^ John Rokeby (d. 1573?) canonist: D.O.L. St. Nicholas's Hostel, Cambridge, 1533; member of Doctors Commons, 1537; counsel for Henry VIII in his divorce; held prebends in York and Southwell.
^ Ralph Rokeby (d. 1575), secretary of council of th: cdiionN.,! nt Omii.ruii ru.*ia, w~_ n~,il- i!..1... north: nliicatol at yueeu College, Cambridge; ot Lincoln 8 Inn.
^ Ralph Rokeby(1527?-1596). mauler of requests; atW :it C-.m-r. .;,'; barrister, Lincoln'* Inn clii.-fjustice of Counaught, 1570; bencher.f I.mo.ln Inn, 1572: master of requests, 1676; master of SL Catherine 1 Hospttal, Londoii, 1580.
^ Rokeby Sir THOMAS nr (rf. 13*6), justiolar of land; knighted by Edward III, 1327; commanded royal escort in Scotland, 1336; governor of St 1336-42. and Edinburgh Castle, 1338-43; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1337 and 1343; justiciar of Ireland, 1349-66, and "*
^ Thomas de Rokeby (d. 1418 1 soldier: M.P., Yorkshlre, 1406, and sheriff, 1408 and 1412: defeated Percy, carl of Northumberland, at Bramham Moor, 1408.
^ Sir Thomas Rokeby (1631?–1699), judge; Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1650; fellow, 1650-1; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1657; ancient, 1676; serjeant-at-law and puisne jndir.- in common pleas, 1689; knighted, 1689; removed to king's bench, 195.
^ William Rokeby (d. 1521), archbishop of Dublin; doctor of canon law, Oxford; fellow of Kind's Hall, Cambridge: held stall of St. Andrew's at Bev. rl, y. 1503: bishop of Mcath and privy councillor, Ireland, 1507: archbishop of Dublin, 1512-21; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1812.
^ Gregory de Rokesley (d. 1291), goldsmith and wool merchant; alderman of Dowgate ward, London: sheriff, 1264 and 1270; mayor of London, 1274-81 and 1285; king's chamberlain, 1276; master of exchange throughout England, or chief director of royal mint, 127K; one of representatives of London at parliament hel-l at Shrewsbury to conduct trial of David of Wales, 12K3; dismissel for answering summons to royal commission without robes of office, 1285.
^ Ambrose Rokewode (1578?–1606). See Rookwood.
^ John Gage Rokewode (1786-1842), antiquary; educated at Jesuit college, Stonyhurst: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1818; F.S.A., 1818; F.R.S.; director of Society of Antiquaries, 1829 till death; published topographical works relating to Suffolk.
^ John Rolfe (1586–1622), colonist; sailed from England, 1609, and, having been wrecked on Bermudas, reached Virginia, 1609, and there introduced regular cultivation of tobacco, 1612; married, 16i:i, Pocahontas (1595-1617), the newly converted daughter of Powhattan, overking of Indian tribes from Atlantic coast to falls of the rivers; came, IGlti, to England with his wife, who died, 1617; returned to Virginia, where he died. Pocuhontas was introduced into Ben Jensen's Staple of News (1625).
^ Henry Rolle (1589?-1656), judge; of Exeter College, Oxford; barrister. I . 1637 and 1638; 1618, S 1665. pribB M
^ John Rolle (1598-1648), merchant and politician; nM l 5Llf ndon PVciJSSiiS and 1628, and Truro in Short and Long parliaments; his brother of compensation made to him, 1644.
^ John Rolle, Baron Rolle of Stevenstone (1750-1842), MP, Devonshire, 1780, 1784, and 1790; rtuiinrh adh.Mv,,t,,f Pitt; hero of tin.- Roll lad?; received title of Baron Itolle of Steveustone, 1796.
^ Richard de Hampole Rolle (1290?-1149), hermit and author; educated at Oxford; took op abode as hermit in a wood at Thornton, his native place In Yorkshire, subsequently establishing himself snccesataly at Dulton, near Rotherham, and Hampole, i where he dial, his grave being said to L lous healing powers. He translated portions of bible into English, and occasionally wrote in the Northumbrian dialect. His works include two Latin ethical treatises, DC Emendatione Vita? and Du Incendio Amorls translated by Richard Misyn in 1434 and 1436 respectively, an English poem,The Prickc of Conscience (printed by Richard Morris for Philological Society, 1863), and an English paraphrase of Psalms and Canticles (Clarendon press, 1884).
^ Samuel Rolle or Rolls (fl. 1657–1678), divine; of Trinity College, Cambridge: held benefice of Dunton; ejected, 1662; doctor of physic, Cambridge, 1676; chaplain in ordinary to Charles II, 1678; published religious works.
^ George Rolleston (1829–1881), physician; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1853; Sheppard fellow, 1861-62: studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Louden; M.D., 1857; F.R.C.P., 1859; physician to British civil hospital at Smyrna, 1855-7: assistant-physician, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, 1857; physician to Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and Lee's reader in anatomy at Christ Church, Oxford; Linacre professor of anatomy and physiology, 1860-81; sided with Huxley in dispute with Owen in reference to Darwinian theory; published Forms of Animal Life 1870; F.R,S., 1862; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1872; Harveian orator, Royal College of Surgeons, 1873; published papers and addresses.
^ Andrew Rollo fifth Baron Rollo (1700–1765), soldier; distinguished himself at Dettingen, 1742. lieutenant-colonel, 1756; served in Louisburg expedition.
^ Robert Monsey Rolfe, Baron Cranworth (1790-1868), lawyer; of Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1815: fellow of Downing College; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; appointed K.O. and called within bar, 1832: bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1832-9; Ferjeant-otrlaw, 1839; M.P., Penryn and Falmouth, 1832: solicitor-general, 1834, in Melbourne's first administration, and in 18:55, when he was knighted; baron of exchequer; took seat on bench, 1839; comnilsbioner of great seal, 1850; vice-chancellor and privy councillor, 1860; created Baron Cranworth of Cranworth, Norfolk, 1850; one of the first lords justices on creation of court of appeal in chancery, 1851; lord chancellor, 1852; presided over royal commission for consolidation of statutes, 1864; a governor of the Charterhouse, London, 1855; resigned office on Lori Derby's accession to power, 1.858: brought forward Cran worth's! Act for shortening of conveyances, 1860: reappointed lord chancellor on Lord Westbury's retirement, 1865; resigned, 1866.
^ John Rolland (fl. 1560), Scottish poet : presbyter of diocese of Glasgow; notary at Dalkeith, 1566; wrote Court of Venus (c. 1560) and The Seven Sages (1660), two poems, published probably posthumously. and conquest of Canada, 1768-60: colonel and brigadier general in America, 1760: in West Indies, 1761-2.
^ John Rollo (d. 1809), surgeon; studied medicine at Edinburgh; surgeon in artillery, 1776: served fh West I in lies; returned to Woolwich as surgeon-general. e. 1781; M.D.; published surgical works.
^ Sir William Rollo sometimes called Rollock (d. 1645), royalist; captain in General King's lifeguards; major in Montrose's army, 1644; captured by Argyll, but released, it is said, on promise to assassinate Montrose, to whom, however, he disclosed the scheme; taken prisoner at Philiphaugh and executed.
^ Hercules Rollock (jf. 1577–1619), schoolmaster; brother of Robert Rollock; graduated at St. Andrews; master of high school, Edinburgh, 1684; wrote Latin verses.
^ Peter Rollock (d. 1626?), Scottish divine and lawyer: passed advocate before 1673; titular bishop of Dunkeld. 1586: extraordinary lord of council, 1687; ordinary lord of session, 1698-1610; accompanied James VI of Scotland to Enu'lund, 1603, and was naturalised; re timed bishopric. 1G06: displaced from privy council and bench UJM but w reared to sent in privy council, 1616, and renppointed extraordinary lord of session, _16 19.
^ Robert Rollock or Rollok (1555?–1599), divine; brother of Hercules Rollock; M.A. St. Salvator's College,8t. Andrews: p.-oiVssur: examiner of art*, and director of faculty of arts, 1580; first principal f newly founded college, afterwards Edinburgh University 168J till death: professor of theology, 1587: one of three ministers chosen to remonstrate with James VI for hishard dealing with the kirk 1596, but subsequently supported James VI's policy: minister of Upper Tolbooth and of Magdalen Church, afterwards Un-yf riars, Edinburgh, 1598; published theological rri JJ
^ John Rolph (1793–1870), Canadian politician; bom at Thornbury, Gloucestershire; studied medicine in London; barrister, Inner Temple; went to Canada, 1820; called to bar, 1821: member of assembly for Middlesex, Upoef Canada. 1825: member of executive council, 18S; joined William Lyon Mackenzie in plot against existing government, 1837, and on its failure tied to Russia: returned to Canada on declaration of amnesty, 1843; member of assembly for Norfolk, 1845; retired from political life, 1857.
^ Sir John Rolt (1804–1871), judge : born at Calcutta apprenticed as woollendraper In London; clerk in DoctorsCommons, 1827; barrister. Inner Temple, 1837; Q.C., 1846; M.P., Western Gloucestershire, 1857-67; appointed attorney-general and knighted, 1866; lord justice of appeal and privy councillor, 1867.
^ Richard Rolt (1725?–1770), author; held post in excise, but lost it through joining Jacobites, 1745; went to Dublin and subsequently gained living in London by miscellaneous authorship: composed many cantatas and other pieces for Vauxhall, Drury Lane, and other London theatres; engaged with Christopher Smart to write monthly miscellany, The Universal Visitor; published miscellaneous works, including A Dictionary of Trade and Commerce for which Dr. Johnson wrote the preface, 1756.
^ William Romaine (1714–1795), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1737; chaplain to Sir Daniel Lambert during year of office as lord-mayor of London, 1741; lecturer in united parishes of St. George's, Botolph Lane, London, awl St. Botolph's, Billingsgate, London, 1748; lecturer at St. Duustan's-lu- the- West, London, 1749: additional preacher at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, 1750; professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London: became supporter of Whitefield, 1755, and consequently was compelled to resign lectureship at St. George's; chaplain to Lady Huntingdon; held curacies in London and (1766-95) the living of St. Anne's, Blackfriars; published religious treatises and pamphlets.
^ William Govett Romaine (1815 - 1893), lawyer; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1859; barrister, Inner Temple, 1839; deputy judge-advocate of army in east, 1854; C.B. and second secretary to admiralty, 1857; judge-advocate-geueral in India, 1869-73; member, 1876, and, later, president of Egyptian Couseil du Trcsor; comptroller-general in Egypt.
^ George John Romanes (1848-1894), man of science; was born at Kingston, Canada West, 1848, but came with his parents to England at an early age: B.A. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1870: honorary fellow, 1892; Burney prizeman, 1873; formed friendship with Darwin; studied physiology at University College, London, 1874-6; engaged in researches on medusa? and echinoderms; F.R.S., 1879; made investigations respecting mental faculties of animals in relation to those of man, 1881-1; held professorship at Edinburgh, 1886-90; Fnllerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution, 18HH-91; expounded in paper contributed to Linnean Society, 1886, theory of physiological isolation, dealing with the possible evolution of a distinct species from an group of an original species; zoological secretary an Society; incorporated M.A. Oxford; founded B lecture at Oxford, 1891; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen, 1881. HI* publications include Candid Examination of Theism 1878, Animal Intelligence 1881, Mental Evolution in Animals 1888, Mental Evolution in Man 1888, and Darwin and after Darwin 1892.
^ Bernard Romans (1720?-1784?), oii.L'ini-cr : born in Holland; educated in England; employed by British irovernment as civil engineer in North America; government botanist in East Florida, 1760-71: joined provincials on outbreak of revolution; constructed fortifications of Fork Constitution, 1775; captain of Pennsylvania artillery, 1776; captured by British, 1779. and subsequently practised as engineer in England: Disappeared mysteriously on voyage to New York. 1784; published works on natural history of Florida, history of Netherlands, and other subjects.
^ Romanus (fl. 624), bishop of Rochester, 621; probably came to Britain us missionary with Augustine.
^ John Romanus or Le Romeyn, the elder (d. 1255), ecclesiastic; canon of York before l'J18: archdeacon of Richmond, 1211 till c. 1247; treasurer of York, 1247.
^ John Romanus or Le Romeyn, the younger (d. 1296), divine; son of John Uomumi- the elder; educated at Oxford; prebendary of Lincoln, 1258; chancellor of Lincoln, 1275: professor of theology at Paris; prebendary of York, 1279; archbishop of York, 1285; summoned to render military service against Scotland, 1291; engaged in dispute with Antony Bek I concerning relations of sue of Durham to that of York.
^ Emma Romer , afterwards Mrs. Almond (1814-1868), vocalist; first appeared at Covent Garden, London, 1830; at English Opera House (Lyceum), London, and later again at Covent Garden, where she gained great reputation, 1835; married George Almond, 1835; took chief parts in opera at Drury Lane, London, 1837; undertook management of Surrey Theatre, London. 1852.
^ Isabella Frances Romer (d. 1852), miscellaneous writer.
^ John Lambertus Romer (1680–1754?), engineer; son of Wolfgang William Romer: served in artillery train in Flanders and Spain; ensign, 1708; lieutenant. 1713; engineer at Sheerness, 1715; engineer in charge of northern district and Scotland, 1720; captain, 1739; director of engineers, 1742.
^ Wolfgang William Romer (1640–1713), military engineer; born at the Hague; entered service of Prince of Orange, whom he accompanied to England, having gained rank of colonel; engineer in Ireland, 16901692; took part in campaigns of 1690 and 1691; chief engineer to ordnance train of Mediterranean expedition, 1693; reported on defences of Guernsey, 1694; as chief engineer, accompanied Lord Bellamont to New York, 1697: fortified Boston harbour, 1701-3; engaged in fortifying Portsmouth, 1708.
^ Hugh Hastings Romilly (1856-1 892), explorer : of Winchester, Repton, and Christ Church. Oxford; entered mercantile firm in Liverpool; held government appointments in Fiji islands: deputy -commissioner for Western Pacific, 1881; acted as administrator of New Guinea, 1885-6; O.M.G., 1886; deputy-commissioner and consul of New Hebrides and Solomon islands, 1887-90; published topographical works.
^ John Romilly , first Baron Romilly (1802–1874), lawyer; son of Sir Samuel Romilly: M.A. Trinity Collwrc, Cambridge, 1826; barrister. Gray's Inn. 1827; bencher; liberal M.P., Bridport, 1832-5 and 1846, and Devonport, 1847-52; Q.C., 1843; solicitor-general, 1843: attorney-general, 1850; privy councillor, 1851: master of rolls, 1851-73; created Baron Romilly of Barry, Gloucestershire, 1865.
^ Joseph Romilly (1791–1864), divine; fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1815; M.A., 1816; took holy orders; opposed catholic emancipation, 1829; registrary of the university, 1832-61; arranged and catalogued all university papers.
^ Sir Samuel Romilly (1757–1818), law reformer; embraced Rousseau's doctrines at an early age; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1783, treasurer, 1803; made acquaintance of Dumont, the Genevese preacher; exposed several anomalies of criminal law in anonymous Observations on " Thoughts on Executive Justice " 1786: published, 1790, translation of letters by Dumont on events of 1789; K.O., 1800; chancellor of county lala.t.inc of Durham, Isii.".,; solicitor-i." iieral to administnitiun,,f All tlu- Talent-: knighi.-d. 1 ! QueeilborOUgh, sui;-7, Hi.r-ham. 1HI7 nn-eat.-l..n M-tition), Wan-ham, 1808-12, Arundcl,1812,ui IMIH; effected great reform* in ! i cmmii.i inent: favoured tin- emancipation of Kmuan and abolition of.-la very: published 4 Obcrvuticiii- M O-iminul iiwm Kr..i-rworln: com jnitu.il suicide on death ut his wife. His in..: jeared iM.rthumously.
^ Earl of Romney (1641–1701). See Henry Sidney.
^ Sir George Rooke (1650–1709), admiral; nephew of Lawrence Kooke txrted revolution of 1888: rear-admiral of red, 16o: took part in battle of Beoch H-*t:, i.x-odmiral of blue, 1693: fought with dUUnctlon In bottle of Bar r: appointed to conTojr outv omuUtlug of KngU*h and Dut treated before French fleet off Cape St. Vincent, losing many merchant Si HI
^ George Romney (1734–1802), painter: son of a builder and cabinet-maker of Dalton-in-Fi l.prcnr,-,,!. 1755, to Edward Steak (d. 1760?). a jwrtruit-paintcr then at Kendal: married Mar. 1756: started independently a* portrait-painter at Kcndul; come to London, leaving hU wife, from whom he remained separated, 1762; perhaps gained prize from N Arts for picture Death of General Wolfe 1763; studied in Paris, 1701; gained second premium, fifty u'nin. M-, from Society of Arts for Death of King Edmund, 1 17r,5; visited Italy, 1772: made acquaintance of William Hayley , whose friend he remained till death: copied various works, Including Raphael's Transfiguration then the altar-piece of San Pietro in Montorio; settled nt 3 1 CavendMi Square, London: patronised by Duke of Richmond, Georiana, duchess of Devonshire, and other I'a-hionablc sitters: professional rival of Reynold-, who .-Lowed him marked hostility, between 1783 and 17W be produced many Krtraits and sketches of Emma Hart, Afterwards Lady Hamilton, and after her marriage lie painted her with her child in the picture known as -The Sempstress visited Paris, 1790: contributed thr.v -orks to Uoydell's Shakespeare Gallery 1791, a project wliich he warmly supported. His portrait (17s-. i- in the National Portrait Gallery.
^ John Romney (1758–1832), son of George Romney; M.A. and fellow, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1785; H.D., 1792: non-resident rector of Southen. 17ss1799; rector of Thurgarton and Cockley Clay, 1804; published memoir of his father, the painter, 1830.
^ John Romney (1786–1863), engraver.
^ Peter Romney (1743–1777), painter: brother of George Romney, to whom he was apprenticed at Kendal: made various efforts to establish connection a* portrait-painter, but was unsuccessful in consequence of liia irregular habits.
^ Sir William Romney (d. 1611), governor of Merchant Adventurers Company; incorporator and one of first directors of East India Company; governor, 1606: alderman of London, 1602, sheriff, 1603: knighted, 1603: (actively promoted expeditions to discover North-west Passage, 1601 and 1610.
^ Edmund Ronalds (1819–1889), chemist : n-pl.ew of Sir Francis Ronalds; studied on continent: 1'h.D. Giessen; lecturer in chemistry at St. Mary's and Middlesex Hospitals; professor of chemistry. Queen's College, Galway, 1849-50; director of TJonnington chemival works, 1850-78; published writings.
^ Sir Francis Ronalds (1788–1873). el-trii-ian nnd meteorologist; studied practical electricity under Jean André de Luc; made experiments (1810) which resulted in invention of a telegraphic instrument based on principle of synchronously revolving discs; published an account of the invention, 1823: invented and patented i perspective tracing instrument, 1825: honorary director and superintendent, Meteorological Observatory, Kew, 1843-52: F.R.S., 1844: devised system of automatic registration for meteorological instruments by means of photography, 1844-5; subsequently lived chieHy on continent; knighted, 1871; left valuable library of electrical works containing some manuscripts by himself.
^ Joseph Philip Ronayne (1822–1876), engineer; . ntcred office of Sir John Benjamin McNeill, civil * ntfineer, of London and Glasgow: subsequently engaged ;n many railway and hydraulic enterprises in British islands and in California; M.LO.E., 1856; M.P., Cork, 1872-6. 40M of MM and lor!..:.. .,,.,:.,., M.F., I fleet in Sound to rapport Ob LTOQ Oadix expedition of BngUah ami Dntohthlpa, 1703: failed Spanish fleet at Vigo; returned to KngUnd: privy oillor: commauiler-in-chief of grand fleet, 1703; captured (Jibniltnr: engaged French fleet in battle off Gibraltar, which, though indecUlre. resulted in retreat of French: returned to England, and owing to party prejudice wu superseded in command.
^ Sir Giles Rooke (1743-1808), judge; educated at Harrow and St. John's College, OxfordTM.A 1766; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1 766-84; barriiiter, Lincoln's Inn. 1766; king's serjeaut, 1793: knighted and appointed to puisne judgeship of common pleas, 1781.
^ John Rooke (1780–1856), writer on political economy and geology; originally a farmer; studied political economy and became zealous advocate of free trade.
^ Lawrence Rooke (1622–1662), astronomer; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1648; M.A., 1647: fellow commoner, Wadham College, Oxford, 16W); profes.or of astronomy, 1652-7, and of geometry, 1W7-6*, i ire.-ham College, London: assisted in formation of Royal Society; published astronomical works, and left similar writin'trs which appeared posthumously.
^ William Michael Rooke (1794–1847), musician; born at Dublin, where he worked with his father, a tradesman: deputy-leader at Dublin Theatre Hoyal18l7; went to London: perhaps director at English opera, Drury Lane, London. 1821; produced his most successful opera, Auiilic at Oovcnt Garden, London, 1837.
^ Edward Rooker (1718?–1774), engraver in London; became celebrated for architectural plates: exhibited, 1760-8, at Incorporated Society of Artists, of which he was an original member.
^ Michael Rooker , called Michael Angelo (1743–1801), engraver and painter: son of Edward Hooker, under whom and Paul Sandby he studied: A.K.A., 1770; contributed plates to Kean-ley's Copper-Plate Magazine (1776-7) and other publications: scene-painter at Haymarket Theatre, Iondon: exhibited water-colour landscapes at Itoyal Academy,
^ Ambrose Rookwood or Rokewode (1578?-1606), conspirator: educated in Flanders, whither his family, who were Roman catholics, hod tied from persecution; succeeded to his father's -tati- at Manningneld, 1600: indicted for recusancy, 1605: joined Robert Catesby in gunpowder plot; arrested at Holbeach, and executed at Old Palace Yard, Westminster, with Winter, Keys, and Fawkes.
^ Ambrose Rookwood (1664–1696), Jacobite; brigadier under James II; executed at Tyburn.
^ Henry Room (1802–1850), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1826.
^ Edward Roome (d. 1729), song-writer: brought up as lawyer; solicitor to treasury. 1728; aroused by his writings enmity of Pope, who satirised htm in Dunctad; wrote some songs in Jovial Crew produced at Drury Lane, London, 1731.
^ David Rooth (1573-1650). See Rothe.
^ Abel Roper (1665–1726), tory journalist; apprenticed as publisher in London, and subsequently set up business independently: said to hare been first printer of Lilliburlero; imprisoned on charge of aiding revolutionary conspirators by his publication?, 1696; started, 1695, Post Boy tory newspaper, with which he was count-etui till c. 1714.
^ Margaret Roper (1505-1544), daughter of Sir Thomas More; married William Roper, e. 1W5: according to Stnpleton, privately purchased the head of her dead father a month after it had been expand on London bridge, and preserved it in spices till her death: burial in Chelsea church. An ancient leaden box dbcorered in the Roper vault at St. Dunstan's church, Canterbury, where her husband was buried, was opened in June 1*21, and contained a head which was sfumed to be More.
^ Roper Stote Donnison Roper (1771–1823?), legal writer: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1799; his works include Treatise upon Law of Legacies 1799.
^ Samuel Roper (d. 1658), antiquary; hided Dugdale in his history of Warwickshire; probably served as colonel in parliamentary army.
^ William Roper (1496–1578), biographer of Sir Thomas More; held jointly with his father, and afterwards alone, till 1577, clerkship of pleas of court of king's bench; married, 1525, Margaret see ROPER, M AKi. U;KT, daughter of Sir Thomas More, whose biography lie subsequently compiled (published, Paris, 1626); M.P., Bramber, 1529, Rochester, 1545 and 1554, Winchelsea, 1*53, Canterbury, 1555 and 1558; summoned before privy council for sympathy with Roman catholics, 1568, but discharged on bond for his good behaviour,
^ Rory or Rury Oge. (d. 1578). See Rory O'More.
^ Rory O'MORE (ft. 1C20-1652). See O'More.
^ Baron Ros of Hamlake (d. 1543). See Thomas Manners.
^ John de Ros or Rosse (d. 1332), bishop of Carlisle; prebendary of Hereford: archdeacon of Salop before 1308 till 1318; papal chaplain and auditor, c. 1317; canon of Wells and Salisbury, c. 1318; bishop of Carlisle, 1325-32.
^ John de Ros, Baron Ros (d. 1338), admiral; second son of William de Ros; in Edward Il's household, r. 1322; joined Queen Isabella, 1326; seneschal of Edward Ill's household; joint-admiral of fleets in Thames awl northwards, 1337.
^ Robert de Ros (. 1227), surnamed Furfan, baron; bailiff and castellan of Bonueville-snr-Touques, Lower Normandy, 1195: sent with others by King John to arrange meeting with William the Lion, c. 1199; received grant of lauds in Northumberland, including Wark, where he built a castle, 1200; assumed temporarily the monastic habit, 1212; joined barons against King John, c. 1215; excommunicated by Innocent IV, 1216; one of last barons who continued resistance: submitted to Henry III; witnessed thinl issue of Great Charter, 1226; again took monastic habit, c. 1227; married Isabella, daughter of William the Lion.
^ Robert de Ros, Baron Ros of Wark (d. 1274), son of Robert de Ros (d. 1227); justice itinerant, 1284: marshal of household to Henry III; one of guardians of Alexander Ill's queen, Margaret, daughter of Henry III, 1252; deprived of lands for cruelty to Margaret, e. 1255; joined barons in civil war, c. 1263.
^ William de Ros, second Baron Ros (d. 1317), born before 1260; son of Robert de Ros, first baron Ros of Helmsley or Hamlake (d. 1285), nephew of Robert de Ron (d. 1274); accompanied Edward I to Wales, 1277; one of claimants to Scottish crown, 1291, but withdrew claim: served in Gascony, 1297; joinudefender of Northumberland against Scots, 1307.
^ Carl August Nicholas Rosa (1843-1889), musician; born at Hamburg, his surname being Rose studied at Leipzig and Paris; formed Carl Rosa Opera Company in London, 1875, when he changed his name to Bwa; subsequently played successfully at many theatres.
^ Thomas Rosa (1575?–1618). See Thomas Ross.
^ Rosamund the Fair (d. 1176?). See Rosamund Clifford.
^ Nicholas Roscarrock (1549?–1634?), poetical writer; B.A. (? Exeter College), Oxford, 156S; entered Inner Temple, 1572; imprisoned in Tower of London as Roman catholic, 1680-6. and in Fleet, London, 1594; lived nt Haworth Castle from 1607; contributed verses toTottell's edition of John Bossewell's Workes of Armorie * (1572) and other publications.
^ Henry Roscoe (1800-1836), biographer; son of William Roscoe; articled as solicitor in Liverpool, 1817; barrister, Inner Temple, 1826; his works include life of William Roscoe (1833).
^ Thomas Roscoe (1791–1871), author and translator; eon of William Roscoe; published miscellaneous writings,
^ William Roscoe (1763–1831), historian; assisted his father in market-gardening; articled as attorney at Liverpool: admitted attorney of court of king's bench, 1774: retired from profession and devoted himself to literary studies; engaged as partner and manager m banking business in Liverpool, 1799; studied botany; F.L.S., 1805; whig M.P. for Liverpool, 1806-7; lost money owing to run on and subsequent suspension of payment by his bank, 1816: promoter and first president of Liverpool Royal Institution, 1817; was declared bankrupt, 1820, and provided for by benevolence of friends. His works includeLife of Lorenzo deMedici 1795, Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth 1805; an edition of Pope's works and several volumes of verse, includingThe Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast 1807 (now a children's classic). He formed collection of books and prints, part of which went, after his pecuniary disaster, to the Liverpool Athenaeum.
^ William Caldwell Roscoe (1823–1859), poet and essayist: son of William Stanley Roscoe; educated at University College, London; graduated, London, 1843; called to bar, 1850; works include two tragedies..
^ William Stanley Roscoe (1782–1843), minor poet; son of William Roscoe; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; partner in his father's bank.
^ Earl of Roscommon (1633?–1685). See Wentworth Dillon.
^ Alexander Rose or Ross (1647?–1720). See Ross.
^ Caleb Burrell Rose (1790–1872), geologist: apprenticed as surgeon; studied medicine at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London; F.R.C.S., 1846; published writings on Norfolk geology.
^ George Rose (1744–1818), statesman : educated at Westminster School; entered navy; served principally in West Indies; left navy, 1 762; clerk in record office of exchequer; secretary to board of taxes, 1777; secretary to treasury during Shelburue's ministry, 1782-3. and during Pitt's ministry, 1784-1801: M.P., Launceston, 1784; appointed for life master of pleas in court of exchequer: M.P., Lymington, 1788, and Christchurch, 1790-1818; privy councillor, 1802: vice-president of board of trade and joint-paymaster-general during Pitt's second administration, 1804-6; vice-president of board of trade and treasurer of navy, 1807-12; deputy-warden of New Forest, 1808; subsequently again treasurer of navy; wrote chiefly on financial subjects. xlix. 226}
^ Sir George Rose (1782–1873), judge: of humblte parentage; educated at Westminster and Peterhouse and! Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1835; barrister, Inner Temple, 1809; K.C. and bencher of his inn, 1827; reader, 1834, and treasurer, 1835; appointed judge of court of review and knighted, 1831; master in chancery, 1840-58: F.R.S., 1834; F.G.S.: first chairman of Law Life Insurance Society, 1844; published legal writings.
^ George Rose (1817–1882), dramatist, novelist, and humorous entertainer: clerk in custom house; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1841: M.A., 1848; held curacies at Camberwell and Christ Church, Hoxton; assistantreader at Temple; joined Roman catholic church, 1865-: adopted literary career and produced several suecessfuf dramatic pieces; contributed, under pseudonym Arthur 8ketchley toRoutledge's Annual 1866, and subsequently to Fun," monologue* of Mrs. Hro MI. which were published in book form: afterwards toured rouu I tinworld as public entertainer.
^ Sir George Henry Rose (1771–1865), diplomatist: son of George Rose (1744-1818 ) q. v.); M. -. John's College, Cambridge. 1795; held diplomatic Appointmi-lit at the Hague, 179?, and Berlin, 1798-4: M.P.. Southampton, 17J4 1813; deputy paymaster-general of land forces, 1806; British minister at Munich, 1813, and Berlin, 1816; M.P., Chri-t.-l.nrch, 1H18 4J; privy oouncillor, 1818; published religious pamphleU and other writing!,
^ Henry John Rose (1800–1871), theologian: educated at St. Peter's and St. John College*, Cambridge; M.A., 1884: B.D.. 1831: fellow of St. John's Ool'ege, Cambridge, 1824-38; B.I). Oxford, 1861: minister of St. Edward's, Cambridge, 1832-3; Hulsean lecturer, 1833; rector of Houghton onquo 1837-73; archdeacon of Bedford, 1866-73: puhlishtl rvlik'ious works, and assisted his brother, Hugh Jama Rose (1796-1838).ln many publications; one of revisers of authorised Old Testament,
^ Hugh Henry Rose, Baron Strathnairn (1801-1886), field-marshal; born and educated at Berlin: enKiirn, 1R20: major, 1826: lieutenant-colonel, 1839: selected, 1840, for special service in Syria, against Mehemet All's Egyptian army: deputy adjutant-general to Omar Paslia; colonel (local rank) and commander of British deUchments in Syria; consul-general for Syria, 1841: secretary of embassy at Constantinople and brevet-colonel, 1861; charge d'affaires in place of Sir Stratford Canning, 1862: appointed, on declaration of war against Russia by England and France, queen's commissioner at headquarters of French Commander-in-chief, with local rank of brigadier-general; served at Alma and Inkerman: majorgeneral, 1864; K.C.B., 1855; commander of legion of honour; volunteered for service in India, 1857; took RAthgarh and Garhakota, relieved Sagar, and captured important pass of Maltun, 1858; defeated Tantia Topi; took Kunch and Kalpl: won victory at Moriir: retook Gwuliar; resigned command to Napier and took command at Bombay of Puna division; G.O.B. ami colonel, lieutenant-general and commander-in-chief of Bombay army, and, later, commauder-in-chief in India, with local rank of general, 1860; K.O.S.I., 1861: G.O.S.I., 1866; returned to England, 1864: D.O.L. Oxford, 1865; commander of forces in Ireland, 1866-70: created Baron Strathnalrn of Strathnairn and Jansl, 1866; president of army transport committee; general, 1867: colonel, royal horse guards, 1869; hon. LL.D. Dublin, 1870; field-marshal, 1877.
^ Hugh James Rose (1795–1838), theologian; brother of Henry John Rose: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1817; frequently select preacher at Cambridge between 1825 and 18:!4: prebenlnry of Chichester, 18271833; perpetual curate of St. Thomas's, Southwark, 18381838; foundedBritish Magazine... of Ecclesiastical Information 1832: professor of divinity at Durham, 1833-4: principal of King's College, London, 1836: left England for his health; died at Fiesole. He engaged in many literary undertakings, including Encyclopedia Metropolitana which he edited from 1836. Row's New Biographical Dictionary (12 vols., 1840-8), prelected by him, was edited by others after his death.
^ Hugh James Rose (1840–1878), military chaplain; son of Henry John Rose: M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1867; held several posts as military chapiain: Times correspondent in Spain; published works on Spain.
^ John (?) Augustus Rose or Auguste (1757-1841), usher to the French national convention in 1793; perhaps born in Scotland; said to have served in American war; usher to French national assembly, c. 1790; was entrusted with duty of arresting two brothers Robespierre and their comrades, 1794, and had to escape after executing his mission, but returned later; attached to French chamber of peers, 1814.
^ Sir John Rose (1820–1888), Canadian statesman born in Aberdeenshire; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; went to Canada, 1836; called to bar of Lower Canada, 1842; Q.C., 1848: member for Montreal, 1867 solicitor-general for Lower Canada, 1857; minister of public works 1868-41: t London conference on Canadian federation, 1*67; privy :..r and first minister of finance for Dominion: resigned office and settled in England, e. 186* : rivy councillor, 1886; receiver-general for l of Lancaster, 188S.
^ Samuel Rose (1767–1804), friend of Oowper: son of William Rose: educated at Glasgow; barrister. Lincoln Inn, 1796; counsel to Duke of Kent; aalsteJ Cowper after 1787; edited legal and other works.
^ William Rose (1719–1786), translator; educated at Mariscbal College. Aberdeen: conducted school at Ke w, in.l, from 1758, at Chi* wick; published translations from Sallust (1767).
^ William Stewart Rose (1775–1848), poet ; too of George Rose (1744-1818); educated at Eton; M.P., Chrlstchurch, 1796, Chlltero Hundred*. 1800: read .-k of House of Lords and clerk of private com . 1800-24: formal friendship with Scott, 1803; travelled on continent, 1814-18. His publications include a rhymed translation from the Amadis of Herbemy dec Essarts (1803) and a metrical version of Ariosto (1823-3l,
^ Earls of Rosebery. See PRIMROSE, ARCHIBALD, first EARU 1661-1723; PIUMKO.HK, ARCHIBALD JOHN, fourth EARL, 1783-1868.
^ Daniel Roseinorave (1655?–1727), musician: organist at Winchester Cathedral, 1681-92, Sal'sbury Cathedral, 1692-1700, and St. Patrick's and Christchurch Cathedrals, Dublin, from 1698; wrote vocal music.
^ Ralph Rcbeingrave (1695–1747) organist; son of Daniel Roseingrave; succeeded bis father at Dublin, 1727.
^ Thomas Roseinorave (1690?–1755?), musician; brother of Ralph Roseingrave; studied harpsichord under Domenico Scarlatti in Italy; organist of St. George's, Hanover Square, London, 1725-37: for some time a successful teacher. His compositions include sonatas, fugues, and three anthems.
^ Friedrich August Rosen (1806-1837), Sanskrit scholar: born in Hanover; studied at Leipzig, Berlin, and Paris; profe-wor of oriental languages at University College, London, 1888-30, of Sanskrit, 18J6: prepared text and Latin translation of the Rigveda (vol. i. published, 1838).
^ George Frederic Rosenberg (1825–1869), painter; associate of Old Water-colour Society.
^ Philip Rosenhagen (1737?–1798), divine; of St. Paul's School, London, and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1763; Platt fellow, 1761-71; rector of Mountnessing: military chaplain; retired to continent owing to gambling excesses, r. 1770-80; rector of Little Easton, 1781: archdeacon of Colombo, where he died; wrote in Wilkes's cause and claimed authorship of Junius in hopes of getting pension to cease writing.
^ Samuel Rosewell (1679-1722), divine; son of Thomas Rosewell: ordained, 1706: lecturer at Founders* Hall, Lothbury, London, 1718-19.
^ Thomas Rosewell (1630–1698), nonconformist minister; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1651: rector of Uoude, 1653. and of Sutton-Mandeville, 1667; ejected, 1662; chaplain to Lady Hungerford, 1663-71, and to Philip Wharton, fourth baron Wharton, 1674: presbyterian minister at Rotberhithe, 1674: arrested on false charge of treasonable preaching, 1684; found guilty by Judge Jeffreys, but discharged on bail; published pamphlets,
^ James Rosier (1576–1636), voyager : sailed with Bartholomew Gosnofcl to New England, MM. and with George Weymouth, 1606. Published account of latter voyage.
^ Baron Rosmead (1824–1897). See Hercules George Robert Robinson.
^ Dukk of Ross (1476?-1604). See James Stewart.
^ Ross nuo. I MM.- OK. See MArnoNAi.n. INAI.I, ninth Vu-i 14901 MAI IIMNAI.P, Ai.KXANM'Ki:, tnith KAKI., M v, -I...VAI.I.. JOHN, eleventh KAKI.,. 149S V ROSS, MOTUKR (1M7-1739). See DAVIES, CHIUS
^ Alexander Ross (1591–1654), divine; educated , at King College, Aberdeen: schoolmaster at Southampton, 1616: chaplain, c. 1622, to Charles I, who presented him to vicarage of Carisbrooke: published, in Latin and English, poetical and other works. He is mentioned in Hndibras, pt. i. canto ii.
^ Alexander Ross or Rose (1647?-1720), Scottish divine; M.A., King's College, Aberdeen, 1667; minister at Old Church, Perth, 1672-83: professor of divinity at Glasgow, 1683: D.D. and principal of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews: bishop of Moray, 1687: bishop of Edinburgh, 1688: refused allegiance to William and Mary: deprived by act abolishing episcopacy, 1689; pursued policy of consecrating bishops without jurisdiction,
^ Alexander Ross (1699–1784), Scottish poet; M.A. Marischal College, Abenieen, 1718; schoolmaster, 1732-84, at Lochlee, Angus, where he was also session clerk, precentor, ami notary public; published volume of veree containing The Fortunate Shepherdess 1768, and ! left poetical manuscripts.
^ Alexander Ross (1742–1827), general; ensign, 1760; captain, 1775: served in American war; aide-decamp, 1780, to Cornwallis, whose intimate friend he became; major, 1780: served in India; colonel, 1793; sur- i veyor-general of ordnance, 1795; general, 1812; governor of Fort George.
^ Alexander Ross (1783–1856), fur trader; born in Nairnshire: emigrated to Canada, 1805: accompanied Pacific Fur Company's expedition to Oregon, 1810-12; joim-d (1813) North- West Company, to whom Astoria (founded, 1811) had been made over by Pacific Company, and received command of Oakinacken; commanded fort of Nez Perces, 1818; joined Hudson Bay Company, 1821; settled in Red River settlement, and subsequently took prominent part in its organisation; published topographical works.
^ Andrew Ross (1773–1812), colonel; ensign, 1789; captain of an independent company of foot, 1792: served in Ireland: major, 1794; aide-de-camp to Sir Hew Whitefoord Dalrymple, 1795-7; lieutenant-colonel, 1800; at Gibraltar, 1802; active in suppressing mutiny; colonel and aide-de-camp to George III, 1809.
^ Arthur Ross (d. 1704), Scottish divine : educated j at St. Andrews; minister of Kinernie; signed declaration of synod of Abenieen in favour of establishing episcopacy, 1C60; bishop of Argyll, 1675, and of Galloway, 1679; i archbishop of Glasgow, 1679, and of St. Andrews, 1684; favoured toleration of Roman catholics, 1686; refused allegiance to William III; deprived of see by act abolishing episcopacy, 1689; published sermons.
^ David Ross (1728–1790), actor: educated at Westminster; played in Dublin, 1749; engaged by Garrick at Drury Lane, London, 1751-6, and achievedconsiderable popularity, his parts including Buckingham Henry VIII), Banquo, and Edgar ( Lear): at Covent Garden, Ixuidoii, 1757-67, playing Othello, Hamlet, and other Shakespearean characters; patentee and manager of a theatn- in Kdinburgh, 1767; reappeared at Covent Garden, London, 1770; last appeared, 1778.
^ George Ross (1814–1863), legal writer; grandson of Sir John Lockhart Ross; called to Scottish bar, 1835; professor of Scots law, Edinburgh University, 1861.
^ Sir Hew Dalrymple Ross (1779–1868), field-marshal; cadet at Woolwich, 1793; sub-lieutenant, royal artillery, 1796; captain-lieutenant and adjutant at Woolwich, 180:;; captain, 1806; commandedChestnuttroop in Peninsula, 1809-14; brevet-major, 1811; in Waterloo campaign, 1814-15; lieutenant-colonel, 1825; commanded royal artillery in northern district under Sir John BY UK (afterwards fxml Strafford), 1828: held delegated command in four northern counties of the district; coloiu-1, 07: depmy adjutant-general of artillery at headquarters, -4; lieutcnant-areneral of ordnance, 1854; prepared artillery for rrinira: trenoral, 1854; on comma ndor-i nchtef 8 staff as adjutant-general of artillery, 18S5-8;G.OJB 1855; field-marshal and UeutenantgbventOT of Chelsea Hospital, 1868.
^ Horatio Ross (1801–1886), sportsman; joined light dragoons, 1819; retired with rank of captain, 1826; M.l. Aberdeen boroughs, 1881, and Montrose, 1832-4; captain of Scottish team in match for Elcho Shield, 1862, and took part in the match five times; published, 1880, introduction to Macrae's Deerstalking.
^ James Ross (1835–1871), chief-justice of Manitoba; son of Alexander Ross (1783-1856); educated at Toronto University; took part in administration of Manitoba (Red River Settlement); chief -justice, 1870.
^ James Ross (1837–1892), physician; M.D. Aberdeen, 1864; practised at Newchurch, Rossendale; removed, 1876, to Manchester, where he became pathologist to the infirmary, assistant-physician, 1878, and physician, 1888; F.R.C.P., 1882; professor of medicine, Owens College. Manchester, 1887; published Treatise on Diseases of Nervous System 1881.
^ Sir James Clark Ross (1800–1862), rear-admiral ; entered navy, 1812; lieutenant, 1822; accompanied Sir William Edward Parry in voyages in 1819-20, 1821-3, 1824-5, and 1827; commander, 1827; accompanied Felix Booth expedition, 1829-33, and discovered magnetic pole, 1831; post-captain, 1834; employed on magnetic survey of United Kingdom, 1838; commanded expedition for geographical discovery in Antarctic, 1839-43; published account of voyage, 1847; gold medallist, geographical societies, London and Paris, 1842; knighted, 1843; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1844; held command in expedition to relieve Franklin, 1848-9; rear-admiral; F.R.S., 1828.
^ John Ross (1411?–1491). See Rous.
^ John Ross or Rosse (1719–1792), bishop of Exeter : M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1744; incorporated at Oxford, 1744; D.D. Cambridge, 1756; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1744-70; preacher at the Rolls, and king's chaplain, 1757: held benefice of Frome, 17601792; canon of Durham, 1769-78; bishop of Exeter, 1778; F.R.S., 1758; edited Cicero's Letters 1749.
^ John Ross (1763–1837), musician; organist of St Paul's Episcopal Church, Aberdeen, 1783-1836; composed pianoforte and vocal pieces.
^ Sir John Ross (1777–1856), Arctic navigator: brother of Andrew Ross: entered service of East India Company, 1794; lieutenant in navy, 1805; commander, 1812; in Baltic and North Sea, 1812-17: went in search of North- West Passasre, 1818 and 1829-33, when Boothia peninsula, Kins? William Land, and Gulf of Boothia were surveyed; post-captain, 1818: K.C.B., 1834; published accounts of voyages, 1819 and 1835; gold medallist, geographical societies of London and Paris, 1834; consul at Stockholm, 1839-46; went on unsuccessful private expedition in search of Franklin, 1850; rearadmiral; published works on nautical subjects.
^ John Ross (1800?–1865?). See Dix.
^ Sir John Lockhart Ross (1721–1790), vice-admiral; son of Sir James Lockhart: entered navy, 1735; commander, 1755: post-captain, 1756: in Channel, 1756-7; in North Sen, Channel, and Quiberon Bay, 1758-60: assumed name of Ross on succeeding to Ross estate of Balnagowan, 1760; M.P., Lanark boroughs, 1761: rear-admiral, 1779: served in Channel, North Sea, and Mediterranean, 1779-82; vice-admiral, 1787.
^ John Merry Ross (1833–1883), Scottish writer; LL.D. Glasgow, 1874; sub-editor of Chambers*Encyclopaedia 1859; a work by him onScottish History and Literature appeared posthumously (1884).
^ John Wilson Ross (1818–1887), author; born at Belmout, St. Vincent; educated at King's College, London; secretary to vendue-master of Berbice, British Guiana: subsequently engaged in literary work in London; published Tacitus and Bracciolini: the Annals forged in Fifteenth century 1878, and other works in prose and verse.
^ Patrick Ross (1740?–1804), practitioner-engineer and ensign in corps of engineers, 1758; lieutenant, 1760; Kiiiflnecr extraordinary ami captain-liciitt mint, 1763; Ii-uttMiant-coloncl and chief engineer at M;idra-. 177(1; member of L'ovcrnor's council; chief emrimvr in campaigns against Tan tore, 1771-5: reconstruct,-!.ln.-nc.-s oi,,n i, accompanied Commodore Johustonu's abortive expedition aMinst Dutch settlements at Cape of Good Hope, 17-1. accompaniiil Major-i inn-nil Muart's army aruliut Tipu, sultan of Malsur, 17*3; colonel in company's service, 17*::; joined army under Corn vallis acting against Tipu, 1791-2 nt siege of Scringapatam, 1792: in England, 1793-5; brevet colonel iu India, 1794, and in army, 1796: niaior-k'eneral, 1797; superintended at M.dras engineering operations in campaigns of 1798 and 1799: returnol to England; retired, 1803; M.P., Tfimiilll 1801-4.
^ Robert Ross (1766–1814), soldier: educated at Trinity College, Dublin; ensign, 1789; captain and major, 1795; as major in 10th foot served in Holland under Duke of York, 1799: brevet lleutenant-colond, IHul:.., Italy, 1806; greatly assisted iu defeat of French at Malda; lieutenant-colonel of 10th, 18O8: with Sir John Mo..r. m Ooruna campaign, 1808: at Walcheren, 1809; brevet colonel and akie-de-camp to George III, 1810; again in Peninsula, 1811; commanded expeditionary force, in cooperation with Admiral Sir A. Coehranc, rent rgifarH coasts of United States. 1814; won buttle of Bludeit.nnr and took Washington, 24 Aug. 1814: died from wound received at Baltimore. A monument to him is in St. Paul's Cathedral; the name Ross of Bladeusburg was given to bis widow aud descendants.
^ Sir Robert Dalrtmple Ross (1828–1887), Australian statesman: Ixirn at St. Vincent; educated in England; clerk in commissariat department in Crimea. 1855: senior commissariat officer at Capo Coast Castle, 1856-9: deputy assistant-commissary-general, 1858; served in China, 1860, in South Australia, 1862, New Zealand, 1864-5: returned to England, 1869: commissary -general 1870; retired to South Australia, 1H71: member of asaembly, 1875, speaker, 1881; knighted, 1886.
^ Thomas Ross (1575?–1618), Scottish divine; M.A. Edinburgh, 1595; minister at Gargill, Perthshire, 1606: went to Oxford, c. 1615, and being in destitution and perhaps crazed, affixed, 1618, a libellous Latin thesis on door of St. Mary's church; tried aud executed at Edinburgh,
^ Thomas Ross (d. 1675), translator: B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1642; adhered to Charles II in exile: keeper of Charles IPs library, 1661: M.A. Oxford, 1663; secretary to Henry Coventry (1619-1686) on embassy to Swedish court, 1663; published a translation from Silius I talicus, and other writings.
^ William Ross, twelfth Baron Ross of Hawkhead (1656 7-1738), took part in opposition to covenanters, c. 1679: major nnder Graham of Claverhousc, 1683; made member of Scottish privy council, 1686, but dismissed by James II; supported claims of William and Mary at the revolution; temporarily imprisoned on charge of connection with Montgomery plot, 1690; apiminted, after Queen Anne's , lord high commissioner to church of Scotland: commissioner for the union.
^ William Ross (1762–1790), Gaelic poet; schoolmaster at Gairloch; two volumes of his poems were published posthumously.
^ Sir William Charles Ross (1794–1860), miniature-painter: studied at Royal Academy, 1808: assistant to Andrew Robertson, c. 1814; patronised by English and other royal families: R.A., 1842; obtained extra premium in Westminster Hall competition, 1843. His miniatures include portraits of Queen Victoria, Duchess of Kent, Prince Albert, and Queen Adelaide.
^ Eari Rosse .H OK. See PARSONS, SIR LAWUKNTK, second EARL, 1768-1841; PARSONS, WILLIAM, third EARL, 1800-1867.
^ John de Rosse (d. 1332). See Ros.
^ Philip Rosseter (1575?–1623), lutenist: one of James I's musicians, c. 1604; joint-patentee of company ofChildren of the Revels to the Queen 1610; published books of music and instruction for lute and other instruments.
^ Christina Georgina Rossetti (1830-1894), poet; M*W: -,-t..,.,! London: her tint mini IStti MlMM Mi nymEllen Aileyne I860; pabHsbsdGoblin ( I,, r !--t MrfObl Soug (nnmry rhymes). 1871, and ,;,,. v.; printed pi mm* Market ). ! -;....-::u votional literature; for many year* an Invalid.
^ Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), painter and poet; son of Gabriele Rossetti. who can* to England, and poet; sou of Gabriele Rossetti. who cam* t ltN,ml VMfMtaMVd lt:,l,..n. KmgVi oil,.1881; educated at King's CoU*re,Loadon, studied drawing nnder John 8eU Cotman: adopted published in 1861 trait Retro me Sathana* and stndieil painting under Ford art as profewion, 1841; itudted at Royal Academy, 1M46: begun, 1846, translation* from Dante and oontemporariM. published in 1861; wroteBteaMd Damoari "The PorTbe Oboiee e. 147: Brawn. 1848: met linan Hunt, und Millaia. and founded preRaphaeiite aclMol of painting: exhibitedGirlhood of Mary Virgin 1849; lived at 14 Chatham Place, Blackfriar* Bridge, London, from 1869; gained patronage of Rmkin. who had defeiid.-d pre-Raphaelite in "The Time; made acquaintance of Sir Edward liunie-Jones, Mr. Swinburne, ami William Morris; between 1850 and 1860 painted move of his best works, including the illustration* to the Vita N no va; married, 1860, Elizabeth Eleanor Sid.lal i.. 1861): removed to Tudor House, C'heyne Walk, where be lived with his brother (W. M. RossettiX Mr. Swinburne, ami Mr. George Meredith: painted Beata Beatrix,* * Manna Yanno and other famous pictures, chiefly single figures; published Poems 1870: suffered from neuralgia and consequent insomnia, ami became enslaved to habit of taking chloral; his last great picture, Dante's Dream painted 1869-71: published Ballads and Sonnets 1881. His portrait by his own hand is in the National Portrait Gallery.
^ Lucy Madox Rossetti (1843 1894), painter: daughter of Ford Madox Brown, under whom she studied; married W. M. lUwactti, 1874.
^ Maria Francesca Rossetti (1827–187GJ. author of * A Shadow of Dante 1871; sister of Dante Gabriel Rossctti; published religious works; entered Anglican sisterhood at All SaintsHome, Margaret Street, London, 1874.
^ John Charles Felix Rossi (1761–1839), sculptor: studied, 17x1. at Royal Academy, where he gained a travllinir studentship and went to Rome, 17851788; ILA., 1802: sculptor to prince-regent aud William IV; executed many monuments in St. Paul's Cathedral.
^ R088LTK, EARLS op. See WEDDERBURN, ALEXANDER, first Earl, 1733-1805: EIUKIXK, Sm JAMES ST. CLAIR, second EARL, 1762 1837.
^ Richard Rosso (fl. 1238-1259). See Richard of Cornwall.
^ Reinhold Rost (1822-1896), orientalist; born at Eisenburg, Saxen-Altenburg: Ph J). Jena, 1847; oriental lecturer at St. Augustine's Missionary College, Canterbury, 1861-96: secretary to Royal Asiatic Society, 1863; librarian at India office, 1869; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1877: companion of Indian Empire, 1888; was familiar with over twenty oriental languages, and published and edited oriental work*.
^ John Rosworme or Rosworm (fl. 1630-1660), military engineer: bora in Germany: served M military engineer on continent aud iu Ireland; settled, 1641, in Manchester, which town he contracted to defend against James Stanley, lord Strange (afterwards seventh earl of Derby); withstood siege and secured Manchester for parliamentarians; lieutenant-colonel of Album's foot regiment, 1643; directed siege of Liverpool, taken 144; engineer-general of all garrisons and forte in England, 1661; colonel, 1655; published account of his services in Manchester, 1649.
^ Hue Dk Rotelande , or Hugh of Rutland (fl. 1185), Anglo-Norman poet: connected with English di.-tnct on W.-l-li border: wrote two Anglo-Norman romances in verae, Ipomedon and ProtbeBilaua Txlix. 191
^ Bernard Rothe (1695–1768). See Routh.
^ David Rothe or Roth (1573–1650), Roman catholic divine; born at Kilkenny: graduated BJ. at Douay; returned to Ireland, c. 1609; vicar-general of Armagh: deputy to Peter Lombard, primate of Ireland; bishop of Osfory, 1618; vice-primate; senior bishop of Ireland; obtained deanery of Kilkenny, 1641; regulated catholic confederacy, 1642; attempted to escape from Cromwell when marching on Kilkenny, but vus captured and died soon after; published treatise*, and left unfinished manuscript history of diocese of Ossory.
^ Michael Rothe (1661–1741), Jacobite; lieutenant James 11*8 royal Irish footguanls, under Duke of Ormonde, 1686; continued allegiance to James II, and was promoted captain at the revolution: served in campaign of 1689-91, and fought at battle of Boyne, 1690; joined French service, 1691: served in Flanders, 1693, and Germany, 1694; with Moselle army, 1695; colonel, 1701; served in Germany, 1701, in Vosges. 1703, and at Blenheim, 1704; brevet-brigadier, 1706; with Rhine army, 1706-9 and 1713; at Malplaquet, 1709; brevet major-general, 1710; in Flanders, 1710-12; obtained command of his regiment, which became known by his name, 1718: in Spain, 1719-20; lieutenant-general of armies of George 1, 1720; died at Paris.
^ Robert Rothe (1550–1622), antiquary; cousin of David Rothe: Dublin barrister; M.P., co. Kilkenny, 1685: recorder of Kilkenny, 1609; bencher of King's Inns, Dublin, and treasurer, 1620: left manuscript Register of Pedigree of late Thomas, Earl of Ormond and Ossory (1616), and Register of Antiquities of Kilkenny.
^ Caleb Rotheram (1694–1752), minister of dissenting congregation at Kendal, 1716: conducted dissenting academy at Kundnl, 1733-51; M.A. and D.D. Edinburgh, 1743; published a religious dissertation.
^ Edward Rotheram (1753?–1830), navy captain; brother of John Rotheram (1750 V-1804); eeaman in navy, 1777: acting lieutenant, 1780-3, in West Indies; lieutenant, 1783; in action of 1 June 1794; commander, 1794; captain, 1800; at Trafalgar, 1805; in Channel, 1806-8; C.B., 1815; captain of Greenwich Hospital, 1828.
^ John Rotheram (1725–1789), theologian; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1749; assistant at Codrington College, Barbados; returned to England, 1767; Percy fellow. University College, Oxford, 1760-7; preacher at Chapel Royal, Whitehall; published religious works.
^ John Rotheram (1750?-1804), natural philosopher; born at Newcastle: studied under Linnaeus and Bergmann at university of Upsala, Sweden, where he Kr;u hinted; assistant-professor of chemistry, Edinburgh, 1793: professor of natural philosophy, St. Andrews, 17951804; published works on natural philosophy.
^ Sir John Rotherham (1630–1696?) judge; felow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1648; M.A., 1652; incorporated at Cambridge, 1653; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1665; ancient, 1671, treasurer, 1686; one of counsel for defence of Richard Baxter, 1685; serjeant-at-law and baron of exchequer, 1687; knighted, 1687.
^ Thomas Rotherham (1423–1500), archbishop of York; known as Thomas Scot; educated at King's College, Cambridge (perhaps also at Eton and Oxford)D.D. Oxford and Cambridge, 1463; prebendary of Lincoln 1462, and of Salisbury, 1465; keeper of privy seal to Edward IV, 1467; bishop of Rochester, 1468-71; provost of college of Beverley, c. 1468-72; ambassador to Louis XI of France, 1468; joint-ambassador to Charles of Burgundy, 1471; bishop of Lincoln, 1471-80; chancellor, 1474; accompanied Edward on French expedition 1475 archbishop of York, 1480-1500: deprived of chancellorship and temporarily imprisoned for adherence to Queen Elizabeth Woodville on Edward IV's death, 1483; several times chancellor of Cambridge University: benefactor
^ William Rothery (1775–1864), lawyer; chief of office of king's proctor in Doctors Commons; admiralty referee on slave trade matters. 1821-60.
^ Dl Rothes -KE OF (1630–1681). See LESLIE, JOHN.,
^ Earls of Rothes . See LESLIK, GEORGE, fourth 'Earl rf. 1658 ; LESLIE, AXDBBW, fifth EARL, d. 1611, John Leslie John Leslie , sixth EARL, 1600–1641 ; LESLIE, JOHN, seventh EARL and first DUKE, 1630-1681; LESLIE, JOHN, eighth EARL, 1679-1722; LESLIE, JOHN, ninth EARL, 1698?-1767. * %S*MUWA tug v j in vtrrsivy; UcuCiaCtOr f Oxford, and particularly of Lincoln College master of Pembroke Hall, Oxford, 1480.
^ Henry Cadogan Rothery (1817-1888), lawyer; son of William Rothery; M.A. St John's College Cambridge, 1845; entered DoctorsCommons; from 55 employed in ecclesiastical and admiralty courts bterof privy council in ecclesiastical and maritime 53; wreck commhwioner, 1876; publish
^ Master of Rothes (d. 1564). See Norman Leslie.
^ Duke of Rothesay (1378?–1402 See David Stewart.
^ Sir Anthony de Rothschild (1810–1876), second son of Nathan Meyer Rothschild; in business under his brother Lionel Nathan de Rothschild ; created baronet, 1847; Austrian consul-general, 1858; presiding warden of great synagogue, London, 1855-75; first president of newly instituted united synagogue iii London, 1870.
^ Ferdinand James de Rothschild (1839-1898), virtuoso; great grandson of Meyer Amschel Rothschild; born in Paris; settled in England, 1860; resided at Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, where he collected works of art, left by his will to the British Museum; liberal-unionist M.P., Aylesbury division, 1885-98.
^ Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1808–1879), banker; eldest son of Nathan Meyer Rothschild; educated at Gbttingen; succeeded, 1836, to chief management of Rothschild banking-house in England; assumed, 1838, dignity of Austrian baron conferred on his father; negotiated loans for Irish famine, 1847, Crimean expenses, 1856, and Turkey, 1858, and engaged in many other national financial transactions: elected whig M.P. for city of London, 1847, but not allowed to sit, owing to refusal as a Jew of the necessary oath; repeatedly reelected, and finally allowed to sit, 1858; re-elected, 1859, 1865, and 1869; interested himself in many philanthropic movements; for some time president of the great synagogue, London; he is the original of Sidonia in Disraeli's Coningsby
^ Meyer Amschel deRothschild (1818-1874), sportsman and collector of art treasures: fourth son of Nathan Meyer Rothschild; known as Baron Meyer; lived at Mentmore; liberal M.P. for Hythe, 1869-74. His daughter Hannah (d. 1890) married, 1878, Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth earl of Rosebery.
^ Nathan Meyer Rothschild (1777–1836), financier and merchant; born at Frankfort-on-Maine, where his father conducted business as banker, moneychanger, and dealer in curiosities; attracted notice of William IX, landgrave of Hesse Cassel (known after 1803 as Elector William I), who appointed him court agent, 1801, and supported him in his career as loan contractor to European governments; established a branch of the business in London in 1805, while his brothers, James and Solomon, settled respectively in Paris and Vienna; came to England first in 1797, and was natnralised, 1804; opened business house at New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, London; engaged by government in payment of : oreign subsidies; acted as agent for English government n Peninsular war; undertook loans for many European countries; made baron of Austrian empire, 1822, but never assumed title; consul-general of Austria in England, 1822.
^ Edward Rothwell (d. 1731), dissenting minister; ordained minister of Poulton-ln-tbe-Fylde, 1693, and subsequently held other charges; published theological treatises.
^ Richard Rothwell (1800–1868), painter: assistant to Sir Thomas Lawrence in London; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1830.
^ Louis François Roubiliac or Roubillac (1695-1762), sculptor; born at Lyons; probably settled permanently in Eiudand after 1730; gained patronage of Horace Walpole's brother Kdwurd; assistant to Cheere at his stoneyard at Hyde Park Corner, Ixm.lun,.tn.l later to Jonathan Tyers; executed statue of Handel erected at Vauxhall, London, 17is; opt-m-d humnes* independently, and executM monuments anl .l many celebrated persons. Many of bin work-, in.-ln.lin the well-known NiKhtmiMle inoinnn.-nt, are at Westminster; his. full-1-iik'ih of Shakespeare, execU-l for Uarriek, 1758, is in tin: British Museum.
^ Sir Brian Roucliffe (d. 1494), judge: third baron of exchequer, 1458; frequently counsel to Sir William Plumpton; second baron, 1481.
^ John Rough (d. 1557), Scottish protentant minister: educated at Bt. Leonard Collide, St. Andrews; entered monastery at Stirling, but left It to become chaplain to Regent Arnui, 1543; prohibited from preaching: chaplain to garrison at St. Andrews; went to Kngland, 1547, and entered service of Lord-protector Somerset; inimM.T of stvivt society of protestuuts in London, 1657; arrested and burned at Smithfleld.
^ William Rough (d. 1838), lawyer and poet; of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1799; barrister, Inner Temple, 1801; serjeant-at-law, 1808; president of court of justice for united colony of Demerura and Essequibo, 1816-21; puisne judge in Ceylon, 1830-6; chief-justice of supreme court, 1836-8; knighted, 1837; published dramatic and other poetical works; died in Ceylon.
^ William Dk Roumare, Earl of Lincoln (;f. 1140), supported Henry I in rebellion of Hugh de Gouruay, 1118-19; rebelled against Henry I in Normandy, but was reconciled, 1128; one of justiciary entrusted with the duchy of Normandy, 1 137; created Earl of Lincoln, 1138, but was probably subsequently deprived of earldom.
^ George Leith Roupell (1797–1854), physician; educated at Greenwich and Gonville and Cains Allege, Cambridge; M.D., 1825; F.R.C.P., 1826; censor, 1829, 1837, and 1838; Croonian lecturer, 1832 and 1833; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1834; published medical works.
^ Rou 8, FRANCIS (1579–1659), puritan ; B.A. Broadgates Hall (afterwards Pembroke College), Oxford, 1597; graduated at Leyclen, 1599; entered Middle Temple, 1601, but retired to Landrake, where be produced several theological works; M.P., Truro, 1626, In Short and Long parliaments, 1640, and also hi 1654, Tregony, 1628-9, Devonshire, 1653, and Cornwall, 1656; took covenant, 1643; provost of Eton College, 1644; member of Derby house committee, 1648; joined independents, 1649; speaker of Little parliament, and member of Protector's council of state, 1653; published writings.
^ Henry John Rous (1795–1877), admiral and sportsman; educated at Westminster: entered navy, 808; post-captain, 1823: retired from active service, 1835, and devoted himself to horseraclng: steward of Jockey Club; became public handicapper, c. 1855; conservative M.P. for Westminster, 1841: lord of admiralty, 1846; admiral of blue, 1863, and of white, 1864.
^ John Rous or Ross (1411?–1491), antiquary of Warwick; educated at Oxford; chaplain, o. 1445 till death, of chapel at Guy's Cliffe. near Warwick, built by Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, in 1423; wrote historical works, disfigured by party leanings, including accounts of earls of Warwick, and Historia Regum AugliaV of which manuscripts are extant.
^ John Rous (1584–1644), diarist: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1607: presented to living of StantonDowuham, 1623; kept, from 1625-41, a diary, edited for Camden Society, 1856.
^ John Rous (fl. 1656–1695), quaker ; born in Barbados; went to Rhode island, America, 1657, to preach and proselytise, and after suffering much persecution came to England, 1659; settled in London as West India merchant; joint-author of pamphlets,
^ Clara Marion Jessie Rousby (1852/-1879), actress : i-owae, Intpeetor-general of hospital.; married Wybert Rousby, a Jeney actor and manager. 1868; dm appeared in London, 1869. at Queen's Tl.i-utrc, Long Acre, where she remained till 1x71;.Momently played at Prinoett's, Olympic, and Drury Lane; her characters include Rosalind and Cordelia.
^ John Rouse or Russe (1574–1652), librarian; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1599; fellow of Oriel College, 1600; M.A., 1604; chief librarian of Bodleian 1620; formed friendship with Milton, who wrote a mock-heroic ode to him, 1647.
^ Jacques Rousseau (1626-1694), painter; born in Paris; studied under the Dutch painter, Herman van Swanevelt: member of French Academy; went to Switzerland and Holland, and, later, came to England on revocation of edict of Nantes; aaristed In decorating Montagu House (afterwurdo British Museum); employed by Willium 1 1 1 at Hampton Court.
^ Samuel Rousseau (1763–1820), printer and orientalist: apprenticed to John Nichols the printer; ta.u'ht himsflf several classical, oriental, and modern language*; opened printing office in London, where be produced many oriental books.
^ Theodore Rousseel (1614–1689). See Russel.
^ Bernard Routh (1695–1768), Irish Jesuit; entered Society of Jesus, 1716; professed of four vows, 1734; professor in Irish College, Poitiers; on editorial staff of Journal de Trevoux Paris, 1739-43; confessor of Princess Charlotte de Lorraine at Mons, 1764; published poetical and critical works.
^ Martha Routh (1743–1817), quakeress; nee Winter; principal of Friends boarding-school at Nottingham; acknowledged minister 1773; married Richard Routh of Manchester, 1776: made missionary tours in British islands and America; left journal (part published, 1822).
^ Martin Joseph Routh (1755–1854), divine; fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1775; M.A., 1776; senior proctor, 17K4; D.D. and president of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1791 till death: instituted rector and vicar of Tilehurst, and received priest's orders, 1810; edited Reliquue Sacne a collection of writings of ecclesiastical authors of second and third centuries, and other works.
^ Sir Randolph Isham Routh (1785?–1858), commissary-general in the army; educated at Eton; entered commissariat department of army; saw much foreign service, and was senior commissariat officer at Waterloo, 1815: knighted, 1841; K.C.B., 1848: published work on commissariat service.
^ George Routledge (1812–1888), publisher; apprenticed to bookseller at Carlisle; opened bookseller's business in London, 1836; started as publisher at 36 Solio Square, 1843; established branch in New York, 1854; retired from business, 1887. His publications include the 4 Railway Library ultimately numbering 1,060 volume*, at one shilling each, Routledge's Universal Library edited by Henry Morley, andShakespeare edited by , Howard Stannton, illustrated by Sir John Gilbert.
^ John Row (1525?–1680), Scottish reformer: M.A. St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews: practised as advocate in St. Andrewscouslstorial court; represented John Hamilton, archbishop of St. Andrews, at papal court, 1550: licentiate of laws, university of Rome, 1556; LL.D. Padua; returned to Scotland as pnpal nuncio to exam. ne causes of spread of heretical opinions, 1558-9: converted to protestantism; minister and vicar of Kennowuy. l&oo; minister of Middle Church, Perth: on commission* which drew up first and second * Books of Discipline
^ John Row (1568–1646), Scottish ecclesiastical historian; son of John Row (15257-1580): M.A. Edinburgh. 1590; ordained minister of Carnpck, lunfermliiie. 1592; prominent member of the Erty. Wrote and circulated in manuscript Historie of Kirk of Scotland, 1558-1687 (printed, 1842).
^ John Row (1598?-1672?), divine; son of John Row (1568-1646); M.A. St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews. 1617; master of irnuimur srhool, Kirki-aldy, 1619 rector of grammar school, Perth, 1M2- tl: minister of St. Nicholas Chun-h, Aberdeen. 1641; teacher of Hebrew at Mariwshal College, Aberdeen; strongly adYocated subscription tocovenaut; appointed to revise n.-v metrical version of Psalms 90 to 120, 1647; appointed by I'romwell'B parliament principal of King's College, Aberdeen 168*: deposed, 1661; published Hebrew grammar andlexicon, and wrote continuation (1687-9) to his father's history of the kirk.
^ Thomas Row (1786–1864), baptist minister; published hymns and religious writings.
^ William Row (1663–1634), Scottish presbyterian divine; son of John Row (1525 ?-1580); graduated at Perth, 1687; minister of Forgandenuy; protested against restoration of episcopacy, 1602-6; Imprisoned, 1607-14, for opposing appointment of permanent moderator. C 331 J
^ Archibald Hamilton Rowan (1751–1834), United Irishman; son of Qawlu Hamilton; adopted name of Kowan on inheriting property from his grandfather, e. 1767; educated at Queens' College, Cambridge; nerved as lieutenant-colonel in Portugal, 1777; lived in Paris, 1781-4; removed to Ireland, 1784; brought himself into notice, e. 1788, by publication of * Investigation of Sufferings of Mary Seal whose seduction by a person of hiirh station had been allowed to pass unpunished; original member of Northern Whig Club, Belfast, 1790; joined Society of United Irishmen, 1791; arrested on unfounded charge of distributing a seditious pamphlet, 1792; received bail, but on being brought to trial was found guilty, though defended by Curran, and imprisoned at Dublin, 1794; escaped to France and subsequently proceeded to America; obtained pardon, and returned to England, 1803; resided at Killyleagh Castle, Ireland; warmly supported catholic emancipation.
^ Arthur Blennerhassett Rowan (1800-1861), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1827; D.D., 1854; rector of Kilgobbin, Cloufert, 1854; archdeacon of Ardfert, 1856; published antiquarian and other works.
^ Sir Charles Rowan (1782?–1852), chief commissioner of police; ensign in 52nd foot, 1797; captain, 18i3: served in Sicily, 1806-7, Sweden, 1808, and Peninsular and Waterloo campaigns; major, 52nd regiment, 1H l; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1812; first chief commissioner of police, 1829; K.C.B., 1848.
^ Frederica Maclean Rowan (1814–1882), author; niece of Sir Charles Rowan; born in West Indies and lived successively In Copenhagen, Weimar, Paris, and London; secretary to Sir Francis Henry GoldBmld; published History of French Revolution 1844, and translations from French, Swedish, and German, including Stundeu der Audacht (attributed to Zschokke)!
^ Gawin William Rowan Hamilton Rowan (1783-1834), son of Archibald Hamilton Rowan; entered navy, 1801; lieutenant, 1809: post-captain, 1812; on south American station, c. 1824; retired owing to ill health,
^ Sir Wil Rowan 'LIAM (1789–1879), field-marshal ; brother of Sir Charles Rowan: ensign in 52nd foot, 1X03; lieutenant, 1804; in Sicily, 180C-7, Sweden, 1808, :ui.l Peninsula, France, and Waterloo campaigns; lieutenant-colonel, 1819: civil and military secretary in Canada, 1823-8, and commanded forces there, 1849-65; general, 1862; field-marshal, 1877; O.C.B., 1856.
^ Thomas Charles Leeson Rowbotham (1823-1876), painter: born in Dublin; member of New Society (now Royal Institute) of Painters in Watercolours, 1861; professor of drawing at Royal Naval School; published volumes of views in British islands.
^ Benoni Rowe (1658–1706), nonconformist minister; brother of Thomas Rowe (1667-1705): pastor in Fetter Lane, London, 1699.
^ Mrs Elizabeth Rowe (1674–1737), author; nee Singer; married Thomas Rowe (1687-1715), 1710; published, 169G, poem- ly Plr.lomela; nit::i-iastioally praisol by Klopstoc-k, Wieland, and Dr. Johnson. Her writings, the most popular of which cn- compositions in epistolary form, include Friendship in Death(1728) and I,, tt.r "Moral and Entertaining (172l)-o3); hrr Miscellaneous Works published, 1739.
^ George Robert Rowe (1792-1861), physician; M.C.S. London, 1812; served as surgeon in Peninsular war; M.R.C.P., 1840: practised at Chigwell, and, later. In London; published medical works.
^ Harry Rowe (1726–1800), showman; born of poor parents; trumpeter in Duke of Kingston's light horse; fought at Culloden, 1746; gained living as puppet showman; patronised by John Croft, who caused to be printed, and probably furnished annotations for, Macbeth, with notes by Harry Rowe 1797; published also a musical farce.
^ John Rowe (1626–1677), nonconformist divine; B.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 164C: incorporated U.A. Oxford, and M.A., 1648: fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1649; preacher at Westminster Abbey, 1654; deprived at Restoration; published religious works.
^ John Rowe (1764–1832), Unitarian minister; joint pastor, 1787, and sole pastor, 1789, at High Street Chapel, Shrewsbury; joint-pastor at Lewin's Mead Chapel, Bristol, 1798; founded Western Unitarian Society.
^ Nicholas Rowe (1674–1718), poet and dramatist; educated at Westminster School: barrister, Middle, Temple; abandoned legal profession for that of playwright, and made the acquaintance of Pope and Addison; produced at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, his tragedies, The Ambitious Stepmother 1700, Tamerlane 1702, and Fair Penitent (adapted from Massinger's Fatal Dowry, 1703: his Ulysses was staged in 1706, his Royal Convert at the Haymarket, London, in 1707, andJane Shore* andLady Jane Grey in 1714 and 1715 respectively, at Drury Lane, London; produced an unsuccessful comedy, The Biter at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 1704: published, 1709, an edition of Shakespeare's plays, with biographical preface and emendations of the text of the fourth folio, which his edition followed; divided and numbered acts and scenes on rational principles, and modernised grammar, spelling, and punctuation: undersecretary to Duke of Queensberry, 1709-11; poet laureate, 1715; land surveyor of customs of port of London, 1715; clerk of council of George, Prince of Wales; clerk of presentations to Thomas Parker, first earl of Macclesfleld , 1718; buried in Westminster Abbey. His portrait was twice painted by Kneller. His poetical works include a famous translation of Lucan (1718). His collected works appeared, 1727.
^ Owen Rowe or Roe (1593?-1661), regicide; worked as haberdasher in London; took part in foundation of colonies of Massachusetts and the Bermudas; captain of green regiment of London trained bands, 1642; colonel, 1646; member of court which triel Charles I, and signed death-warrant; deputy-governor of the Bermudas, 1655; acted with Mouck's opponents, 1(559; convicted as regicide, 1660; died in prison in Tower of London.
^ Richard Rowe (1828–1879), journalist successively in Edinburgh (onScotsman and in London; published stories for children under pseudonyms Charles Camden and Edward Howe.
^ Samuel Rowe (1793–1853), topographer; apprenticed to bookseller at Kiupsbridge; started business at Plymouth, 1813; entered Jesus College, Cambridge, c. 1822; M.A., 1833; took holy orders; vicar of Crediton, 1886; chief work,Perambulation of... Dartmoor* (1848).
^ Sir Samuel Rowe (1835–1888), colonial governor and surgeon; qualified as medical practitioner, 1856; appointed on army medical staff, 1862, and after wards acted as colonial surgeon at Lagos; returned on leave, 18 graduated in medicine and surgery, Aberdeen, 1865; magistrate and clerk of council at Lagos 180: st:itYMir_ron in army, 1870; surgeon-major, 1S7.: Ashanti war, 1873: brigade-surgeon, 187C: uovernor snctvssively of Gambia, Sierra Leone, 187C-7, Wwt Africa settlements, 1877 and 1884, and Gold Coast and Lagos, 1881; K.C.M.G., 1880; LL.D. Aberdeen, 188C.
^ Thomas Rowe (1657–1705), independent divine and philosophical teacher; jm.-tnr Mn--t--,.-iv ( indo-: M portrait-painter, pendent church in Hollx.rn. I...M.I..H; lecturer at Pinnera* Hull, Ixmdon. 1699. xl. 1771; wUled in Ixmdon
^ Thomas Rowe T1MMAS (1687-1715, author; son of Benoni Rowe (i. V: htlcUi: til lt"We; educated;it Cliartcriioinr ainl Lcy-h-n; wrt- live* of classical heroes overlooked by Plutarch ipul.u-hwl posthumously, 1728),
^ George Augustus Rowell (1804–1892), meteorologist; originally followed trade of cabinet-maker; studied astronomy; published letters and papers on meteorological subjects; assistant in Ashmolean Muaeum, and, 1800, In Oxford Uulrendty Museum.
^ Daniel Rowland (1778–1859), antiquary; educated at Shrewsbury; barrister in London; settled in London, 1846; F.S.A.; printed privately account of Nevill family.
^ David Rowland (fl. 1569–1586), author; educated at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford; travelled as private tutor, and subsequently taught Greek and Latin: published translation from Mendoza's Lazarillo de Tormes 1576.
^ John Rowland (1606–1660), divine; M. A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1626: rector of Foot's Cray, Kent 1634; chaplain in Sir Jacob Astley's royalist regiment; probably took refuge in Netherlands; published at Antwerp two attacks on Milton, 1651 and lGjl.
^ Daniel Rowlands (1713–1790), Welsh methodist; ordained deacon, 1735; priest, 1735; with Howel Harris founded Welsh Calvinistic methodism; deputy moderator, 1743. and subsequently chairman of methodist association for control of societies; quarrelled with Harris, 1746, and finally separated from him, 1751; suspended by Bishop Squire from exercise of clerical functions, 1763: preached at new church Llongeitho; published religious works in Welsh and English.
^ Henry Rowlands (1551–1616), Welsh divine; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxfonl, 1577: D.D., 1605: prebendary of Bangor, 1584-94; dean, 1593, and bishop, 1598, of Bangor.
^ Henry Rowlands (1655–1723), Welsh divine; held living of Llanidan, 1696; published work on antiquities of Anglesey.
^ Richard Rowlands alias Richard Verstegen (fl. 1565-1620), antiquary; educated at Christ Church, Oxford; svt up printing business in Antwerp and assumed his grandfather's name of Verstegen; removed, c. 1587, to Paris, where he published a work against Queen Elizabeth's treatment of Roman catholics in England, ami was imprisoned. His works include Antiquities concerning UK KiurlNh Nation 1G05.
^ Samuel Rowlands (1570?–1630?), writer of tracts in prose and verse between 1598 and 1628; his works all of which are labliographical rarities, iiu-lude *lhe Betraying of Christ 1598;Greenes Ghost 1602, Hrir* Broke Loose 1605, Democritua. or Doctor Mcrryman hb Medicines against Melancholy Humor- Ifo7,Humors Looking Glasse 1608, aivl Martin Mark-all (an account of the habits and language of thieves), 1610, and The Melancholic Knight loir..
^ William Rowlands (1802–1865), known as Gwilym Leyn, Welsh bibliographer; weaver in Carnarvonshire: joined Wesleyans, c. 1820; acted as lay-preacher, and (1831-64) served many chapels in Cardiff circuit: settled at Oswestry, 1864: published religious ork-. anl a bibliographical record of books printed in and relating to Wales from 1546 to 1800.
^ Mary Rowlandson (fl. 1682 colonist: daughter of John White of New England: married Joseph Rowlandson, first minister of Lancaster, Massachusetts; captured by Indians, 1675; published account: tivity.
^ Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827), artist and caricaturist; studied at Royal Academy and in Paris: nn.i.t; developed tendency to caricature, e. 17*1. awl rapidly won iflchnty; ex. . plate* for Combe q. v.) -ii.,li,-l verve*, rppablblmi volume-form MTour of Dr. Syntax second ami ... IK2U and 18J1; produced Mveral erie* of humorou. platen
^ Charles Rowley, baronet (1770-1845), admiral; son of Sir Joshua Rowley: entered navy, 1785: lieutenant, 1789: flag-captain uieft ad i., I MO. In Adriatic, isi i: created ban.. - 10: admiral, 1841; command- 1'orMinouth. 184J-*.
^ John Rowley (1768?-1824), major-general; educated at Royal Military Academy, SVoolwicb: Mcowl heutcn;.m. n.yl artill.-ry. 1* transferred to engineer*. i:-;: first lieutenant, 1792; adjutant of engineer* at Woolwich, 1795 -w: cl.lef engineer's alde-de-anp at boanl of ordnnnce, 1799; deputy-inspector-geuera! of fortifications, 1811; major-general, 1821.
^ Sir Joshua Rowley, baronet (1730?-1790), vice-admiral; son of Sir William Rowley: lieutenant. 1747; captain; commanded reinforcement to Byron in West Indies, 1779; renr-admtral of blue, 1779; commanded Jamaica station, 1782-3; created baronet, 1786; viceadmiral of white, 1787.
^ Sir Josias Rowley, baronet (1765–1812), viceadmiral; grandson of Sir William Rowley: mld.-.hipinan, 1780; lieutenant, 17X3: cnnnijan.ier, 1794: post,-aptain, 17-J5; served in Emit Indies, 1799-1802: fought at I inisterre, 1805, and Bueww Ayres and Monte Video: took part in capture of Itourbon, 1810; created baronet, 1813; rear-admiral, 1814: K.C.B.. 1816: vice-admiral, 182ft; commander-in-chief in Mediterranean, 1833-7: C..C.M.O., H., 1840.
^ Samuel Rowley (d. 1633?), dramatist; attached, before 1598, to service of Philip Henslowe, theatrical manager, probably as reviser of manuscript plays; produced independently or in collaboration several plays on biblical history and other subjects, none of which I* extant, excepting When yon see me you know me, or Chronicle Historic of Henric VIII 1605: with William Ovid was paid 4. by Henslowe for making addition to Marlowe's Faustus 1602; The Noble Sovldier 1034, has lowe's Faustus, Urn attributed to him.
^ Thomas Rowley (pseudonym). See Thomas Chatterton, 1752-1770.
^ William Rowley (1585?–1642?), dramatist: actor in Queen Anne's company before 1610; met Thomas Middleton, 1614, in collaboration with whom hi* be*t i work was done; played tinder Henslowe's management I at theHope retlml from acting profi-s-ion, r. 16*7. Hi wrote, unareUted,A new Wonder 1632, All lost ! hy Lnst, 1633.A Match at Midnight 1833, undA I shoemaker a Gentleman 1638. He collaborated inA Fair Quarrel 1617,The Changeling performed. 1621. and others with Middleton, The Birth of Merlin. 1 printed. i 1662, perhaps with Shakespeare,Fortune by Land and S-a printed, 1655, with Heywood "The Thracian Wonder prinu-1. ItiCl. with Webster, and other piece* with Ford, Malinger, and Dekker.
^ Sir William Rowley (1690?–1768), admiral; fiiten-1 navy, 1704: lieutenant, 17o8; capUin, 1718: in Mediterranean, 1741: rear-admiral of white, K3: nt Toulon, 1744; admiral of the fleet, 1744: admiral of bine, 1747. and of white, 1748; rear-admiral of (ireat Britain. 1747; lord of admiralty, 1751: K.B., 1763; admiral of fleet and oommander-in-chlef, 1782.
^ William Rowley (1742–1806), surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London: in army,, 1760-5; began practice in London aman-midvif.V,ff: M.l M. Andrews, 1774: L.U.C.P.. 17X4: M.I:.. 17.v. St. Albnn Hall, Oxford: published medical works.
^ John Rowning (1701?-1771). divine; M..A. Magdalene College, Cambridge. 1728; fellow: i. S&fVlSUSSystem of Natural PI 178ft, and other work*.
^ Joseph Rowntree (1801–1859), quaker; grocer In York; member of MerchantsCompany; interested In educational schemes of Society of Friends; mayor of York, 1*5*; published pamphlets.
^ Richard Rowse (fl. 1238–1259). See Richard of Cornwall.
^ Susanna Rowson (1762–1824), nee Haswell : bora at Portsmouth, but went to America at early age: rvtiini.-.! to Knglund, 1778: married William Kowson. 1788: published novels which achieved considerable success, * most popular being Charlotte Temple(1790), but her husband becoming bankrupt, went on the staire; appeared at Edinburgh, 1792-3; toured in America, 17931797; opened schoaL 1797, at Boston, where she diet.
^ Thomas Rowthall (d. 1523). see Ruthall.
^ Dukes of Roxburgh . See KER, JOHN, first< Dckk rf. 1741 : KKU, JOHN, third DUKK, 1740–1804 ; KER James Ixxra-, fifth DXTKK, 1738–1823.
^ Earl of Roxburgh (1670?–1650). See Robert Ker.
^ William Roxburgh (1751–1815), botanist; educated at Edinburgh University; qualified as surgeon, and served on one of East India Company's ships; M.I). 1776; surgeon on Madras establishment, 1780: appointed by the company botanist in Carnatic: superintendent of Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1793: R.A.S.: F.L.S.; fellow of Royal Society of Arts; published works relating to Indian botany; left botanical manuscripts,
^ Robert Roxby (1809?–1866), actor; son of William Roxby Beverley; appeared at St. James's Theatre, London, 1839; managed Theatre Royal, Manchester, 1843; at Lyceum, London, 1847-55: played subsequently at Drury Lane, London (of which he was during eleven years stage- manager) and Princess's, London,
^ John Roy (1700–1752). See John Stewart.
^ William Boy (fl. 1527-31), friar; educated at Cambridge; friar observant in Franciscan cloister at Greenwich; acted as Tyndale's amanuensis at Cologne and Worms in translating New Testament, 1525-6: published religious works; probably burned in Portugal, c. 1531.
^ William Roy (1726–1790), colonel in engineers; assistant to Lieutenant-colonel Watson, deputy quartermaster-general under Duke of Cumberland, 1746; aided Watson in making military map of Scotland; commissioned as practitioner-engineer, 1755; employed in reconnaissance of coasts of Kent and Sussex threatened by French invasion, 1755: took part in expedition against Rochefort,1757; sub-engineer, lieutenant, and captain in corps of engineers, 1769; major and deputy quartermaster-general of South Britain, 1761; surveyor-general of coasts and engineer for military surveys for Great Britain, 1766: F.R.S., 1767: F.S.A.; major-general, 1781; director and lieutenant-colonel of royal engineers, and colonel in engineers, 1783; colonel of 30th foot, 1786; Copley medallist for work in connection with determining relative positions of observatories of Paris and Greenwich, 1785. Left in manuscript Military Antiquities of Romans in Britain; published archaeological and scientific writings.
^ Sir Marmaduke Roydon (1583–1646), merchant nnd royalist; apprenticed to Bordeaux merchant in I-on.l.-n and became his factor in France; freeman of Clothworkers Company; one of first planters in Barbados; fought for Charles I in civil war; knighted, 1643; governor of Faringdon, 1645.
^ Matthew Roydon (. 1580–1622), poet; M.A. Oxford, 1680; intimate with Sidney, Marlowe, Spenser Lodge, and Chapman. His most celebrated poem is his Elegie, or Friends passion for his Astrophill (on Sidney's death), printed in Spenser's Colin Clout 1595, anl inall later editions of Spenser's works.
^ John Forbes Boyle (1799–1858), surgeon and MWilhJt; educated at Military Academy at Addiscombe; uiveon i n East India Company's service; joined medical Uff of Bengal army, 1819; superintendent of garden at owianmpore, 1898; made valuable collection of economic )UnU; returned to England, 1881; professor of materia King's College, London; F.R.S., 1887; F.L.S., 1833; fellow and secretary of Geological and Royal Horticultural societies; one of founders of Philosophical Club, 1847; work? include Illustrations of Botany and Natural History of Himalayan Mountains(1839).
^ Richard Royston (1599–1686), bookseller to Charles I, Charles II, and James II; confined in Fleet prison for printing books against parliament, 1645; published Eikon Basilike 1648; received from Charles II monopoly of printing Charles I's works, 1660; master of Stationers Company, 1673 and 1674.
^ Ruadhan (d. 585?), Irish saint; son of Fergus; studied in St. Finnian's school at Clonard, co. Meath; founded religious community of Lothra, co. Tippernry; entered into dispute concerning a fugitive, whom he protected, with Diarmait, king of Ireland, on whose residence, Tura, he laid the curse that it should be uninhabited after Diarmait's time. His day is 15 April.
^ Thomas Rud (1668–1733), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1691; head-master at Newcastle grammar school and master of St. Mary's Hospital, Newcastle, 1699-1710; rector of Washington, 1729; prebendary of Ripon collegiate church, 1728; published several works and left manuscript catalogue of manuscripts at Durham Cathedral.
^ Thomas Rudborne or Rodeburne (d. 1442), bishop of St. David's; bursar, Merton College, Oxford, 1399-1400; dean of Tamworth, 1413; warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1416; chaplain to Henry V in Normandy, 1417; prebendary of Sarum, 1419; chancellor of Oxford University, 1420; bishop of St. David's, 1433.
^ Thomas Rudborne (fl. 1460), monk of St. Swithun's, Winchester; wrote historical works, including 'Historia Major 1454, and Annales Breves Ecclesia Wintoniensis a Bruto ad Henricum VI regem 1440.
^ Anthony Rudd (1549?–1615), bishop of St. David's; M.A. and major fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1570; D.D., 1583; dean of Gloucester, 1584-94; bishop of St. David's, 1594-1615; summoned to Hampton Court conference; published sermons.
^ Sayer Rudd (d. 1757), divine; minister at Turners' Hall, Philpot Lane, London, 1725-33; studied midwifery at Paris; M.D. Leyden; practised in London; disowned by Calvinistic baptists owing to alleged unitarianism, 1735; conformed to established church, 1738, and held livings in Kent; kept school at Deal; published religious and other works.
^ Thomas Rudd (1584–1656), captain and military engineer; served in Low Countries: chief military engineer for Wales, 1627; superintended defence and harbour works at Portsmouth and Dover, 1639-42: chief engineer to royalists during civil war; published mathematical and other works.
^ Samuel Rudder (d. 1801), printer at Cirencester; published topographical works relating to Gloucestershire.
^ Thomas Ruddiman (1674–1757), philologist; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; M.A., 1694; employed in AdvocatesLibrary, Edinburgh, 1700; assistantlibrarian, 1702; started ns book auctioneer, 1707; prepared for press editions of several well-known books, including George Buchanan's works (1715); opened printing business, 1715; acquired, 1729,Caledonian Mercury (which be had printed since 1724), the organ of Prince Charles Edward in 1746; joint-printer to Edinburgh University. 1728; chief librarian, 1730-62, to Advocates Library, of which, with assistance of Walter Goodall (1706?-1766), he began to issue a catalogue; joined controversy with the Rev. George Logan on subject of hereditary succession to throne, 1747-50; assisted Ames inTypographical Antiquities 1749; published 4 Rudiments of Latin Tongue 1714.
^ Edward Budge (1763–1846), botanist and antiquary: educated at Queen's College, Oxford: studied and published work on botany of Guiana, 1806-7; F.S.A.; member of Linnean Society, 1802; F.R.S., 1805; conducted excavations at Evesham Abbey.
^ Edward John Budge (1792–1861), antiquary; son of Edward Rudge; M.A. Caius College, Can bridge; barrster; F.S.A.
^ Thomas Rudge (1754-1825), divine; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 17.i; H.I)., I7v; ar.-h.lcu.iin f ( iloueester, 1814; chancellor of diocese of Hereford, Inl7; published historical works relating to Gloucestershire.
^ Abraham Rudhall, the younger (1680–1735), bell-founder; son of Abraham Rudhall the elder, with whom he worked; the biuiocM carried on after his death by his son and graudxon.
^ Abraham Rudhall , the elder (1667–1786), bell-founder; cast, with his son, bells for St. Bride's, Fleet Stnvt (1710 and 1718), St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, London, and St. Sepulchre's, London.
^ Rogers Rudino (1751–1820), numismatist; M.A. and fellow, Merton College, Oxford, 1775; B.D., 1782: held living of Malden, 1793; F.S.A.; published Annals of Coinage of Britain 1817-19.
^ Sir Benjamin Rudyerd (1572–1688), politician and poet; educated at Winchester College and St. John's College, Oxfonl: barrister. Inner Temple, 1600; intimate friend of Ben Jonson and William Herbert, earl of Pembroke; knighted and appointed surveyor for life of court of wards, 1618: M.P. tor Portsmouth, 1680, 1624, 1625, Old Sarum, 1626, Dowuton, 1628, Wilton, 1640 (twice); supported Buckingltam and the government from 1623, but (c. 1628) assumed part of mediator between Charles I and parliament, and ( 1642) vigorously attacked Charles I's evil counsellors; took the two covenants. He interested himself in colonial enterprise, and was one of incorporators of Providence Company, 1630. His works were published posthumously.
^ William Ruff (1801–1856), educated for law; sporting reporter forBell's Life 1821-53; published annual Guide to Turf 1842-54.
^ Owen Ruffhead (1723–1769), miscellaneous writer; barrister, Middle Temple, 1747; started ConTest periodical in support of government, 1757. He published an edition of Statutes at Large from Magna Charta to 1763 1762-5, Life of Pope (digested from Bishop Warburton's materials at his request), 1769, and other works.
^ Rufus (d. 1128). See Richard de Belmeis.
^ Geoffrey Rufus (d. 1140), chancellor to Henry I, 1124; bishop of Durham, 1133; supported Stephen.
^ Richard Rufus (fl. 1238–1259). See Richard of Cornwall.
^ William Rugg or Reppes (d. 1560), divine; D.D. Caius College, Cambridge, 1513; prior of cell of Yarmouth, 1520; sub-prior of Norwich, 1526; abbot of St. Bennet's, Hulme, 1530; favoured Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Arragon; bishop of Norwich, 1536: concerned in compilation of Bishops Book; resigned bishopric through financial embarrassment, 1549.
^ Robert Rugge (d. 1410). See Rygge.
^ Thomas Rugge (d. 1672?), kept manuscript diary entitled Mercurius Politicus Redivivus 1659-72, now in British Museum,
^ George Ruggle (1575–1622), author of Ignoramus; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1597; fellow of Clare Hall, 1598-1620; one of two taxors of university, 1604: M.A, Oxford, 1605; wrote Latin comedy, Ignoramus, ridiculing pettifogging lawyers on occasion of dispute (1611-12) as to precedence between mayor of Cambridge and vice-chancellor of the university; the play twice performed before James I in 1615, and aroused considerable resentment among lawyers. Ignoramus was printed in 1630; English translations by Robert Codrington and Edward Ravenscroft were issned in 1662 and 1678 respectively.
^ Thomas Ruggles (1737?–1813), writer on poor law.
^ Earl of Ruglen (1724–1810). See William Douglas.
^ Saint Rule (fl. 8th cent?). See Regulus.
^ Gilbert Rule (1629?–1701), Nonconformist divine; educated at Glasgow University; sub-principal. King College, Aberdeen, 1661; perpetual curate at Alnwlck. 1666; ejected, 1669; M.D. Leyden, 1666: practised at Berwick; preached at meeting-house at Lintoo Bridge, 1679; imprisoned on Bass Book for lecturing at St. Oiks Church, Edinburgh, 1680; kingdom: colleague of Daniel 1683-7; discharged and banished from niel Williams at Dublin, became minister at Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh, 1688: principal of Edinburgh University, 1690: pui.u-i.ed religion* work*... 393 after Tillage Newington, Kent, he was ordained Wesleyan preacher, 1896: resident missionary at Malta, 1836-7; missionary In 8t Vincent, 18*7-31: Wesleyan pastor at Gibraltar, 183*; returned home, 1842, and
^ William Harris Rule (1802–1890), divine; trying to make living as portrait-painter, and vi schoolmaster at Newington, Kent, he was ordi engaged in ministerial duty in England, 1841-68; joint editor at Wesleyan conference office. 1861-7; minister to W.-Man MUferi.it AM.-r-l..,M*,7 ff; I,,I!,!*!,M Hi editor at Wwleyan conference Wesleyan soldiers at Akiershot lory of Inquisition (1874) and other works,
^ Sir Arthur Carlos Henry Rumbold, fifth baronet (1890-1869), colonial administrator; grandson of Sir George Berriman Rumbold: ensign, 1887: served in Crimea, 1866; colonel in the imperial Ottoman army; administrator of St Christopher and Aqnilla, 1867. AN,
^ Sir George Berriman Rumbold baronet (1764-1807), diplomatist; born at Calcutta: son of Sir Thomas Rumbold; succeeded to baronetcy, 1791; ambassador to Hanse Towns, and minister residentiary of Great Britain at Hamburg, 1808; arrested by order of Fouche on charge of conspiring against French: conveyed to Paris and thence to England, 1804; replaced at Hamburg, 1806.
^ Henry Rumbold (1617–1690), diplomatist; resided chiefly in Spain as wine-merchant during civil war: consul at Cadiz and Puerto Sta Maria, 1660-8; returned to England, 1663; held as sinecures consulates of Malaga, San Lucar, and Seville.
^ Richard Rumbold (1622?–1685), conspirator; soldier in parliamentary army, c. 1641; served at Dunbar and Worcester; lieutenant in Colonel Packer's horse, 1669; carried on trade of maltster at Rye House, Hertfordshire; indicted of high treason for complicity in Rye House plot, 1683: fled to Holland; colonel of horse regiment in Argyll's expedition to Scotland, 1685; captured and executed.
^ Sir Thomas Rumbold, first baronet (1736–1791), Indian administrator; writer in East India Company's service, 1762: joined company's military service, and served under Lawrence and dive: captain, 1757; aide-decamp to Olive at Plassey; chief of Patna, r. 1763: member of Bengal council, 1766-9: M.P., New Shoreljam, 1770: governor of Madras, 1777; created baronet, 1779; readjusted system of payment of rents from Northern sircars, and the nabob of Arcot; reduced Pomlicherry and Mabe, and occupied the Guntur sircar: made preparations to resist invasion of Carnatic by Haidar All, and resigned on account of ill-health, 1780; dismissed from service of company by court of directors, who held him responsible for invasion of Carnatic; on parliamentary inquiry being instituted he was defended by George Hanlinge and acquitted: M.P., Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 1781, and Weyuiouth, 1784-90.
^ William Rumbold (1613–1667), cavalier; brother of Henry Rumbold; attended Charte I until after the battle of Naseby, when he retired to Spain; returned, 1649, nnd acted as Charles 1 1fl nandal agent and secretary to secret royalist council; imprisoned about two years by Cromwell: engaged in Sir George Booth's plot: surveyorgeneral of customs, 1668.
^ Count von Rumford (1763–1814). See Benjamin Thompson.
^ Rumold, in Irish Ruthmael (d. 778?), divine; consecrated bishop, and laboured in Ireland in eighth century; travelled on continent, and finally founded a settlement at Mechlin. His festival is given variously as 1 or 3 July.
^ Walter Rumsey (1584–1660), Welsh judge: of Gloucester Hall, Oxford; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1608 (ancient, 1622, bencher, 1631, Lent reader, 16)8, dean of chaod. 1640); jndge of great sessions for counties of Brecknock, Glamorgan, and Radnor, 1631 (removed by parliament, 1647); nominated knight of Royal Oak, 1660.
^ Alexander Runcuian (1736–1785), painter; studied with his brother, John Runciman, in Italy, where he met Henry Fuseli: settled in Edinburgh; drawing-master at Scottish academy: painted two celebrated ceilings at Penicuik for Sir James Clerk.
^ James Runciman (1853–1891), journalist; board school teacher; contributed toTeacherSchoolmaster andVanity Fair sub-editor ofVanity Fair 1874, and of London e. 1880; B.Sc. London, 1876. Published miscaUaaeoas writings, of which the best are descriptions of fisher life on North Sea.
^ John Runciman (1744–1768), painter; brother of Alexander Runciman.
^ Mary Ann Rundall (d. 1839), educational writer; kept ladies school at Bath. Published Symbolic Illustrations of English History 1815.
^ Mrs Maria Eliza Rundell (1745–1828), writer on cookery; nie Ketelby; married Thomas Rundell; published New System of Domestic Cookery 1808, and other works.
^ Elizabeth Rundle (1828–1896). See Elizabeth Charles.
^ Thomas Rundle (1688?–1743), bishop of Derry; D.C.L. Exeter College, Oxford, 1723; member of Whiston's Society for Promoting Primitive Christianity; was prebendary of Salisbury, 1716; archdeacon of Wilts, 1720; treasurer of Saruin, 1721; received stall at Durham, 1722; master of Sherburn Hospital, 1728; bishop of Derry, 1735-43; published sermons; his Letters appeared 1789.
^ Charles Runnington (1751–1821), legal writer; barrister, Inner Temple, 1778; serjeant-at-law, 1787; chief commissioner in Insolvency, 1816-19.
^ Prince Rupert, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria, afterwards Duke of Cumberland and Earl of Holderness (1619-1682), third son of Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, and Frederick V, elector palatine: born at Prague; served as volunteer under Prince of Orange in invasion of Brabant, 1635; came to England, and was created M.A. Oxford, 1636; at siege of Breda, 1637; captured during invasion of Westphalia, 1.-.38; released, 1641; in England, 1642; appointed by diaries I general of the horse; gained, at Worcester, 1642, first victory of th war; commanded right wing of Charles I's horse at Edgehill, 1G42; took Cirencester; unsuccessfully attempted Bristol, March 1643; took Birmingham, April 1643; gained victory at Chalgrove Field, June 1643; forced capitulation of Bristol, July 1643; at Newbury, September 1643; created Earl of Holderness and Duke of Cumberland, January 1644; relieved Newark, March 1644; defeated parliamentarians at Stockport, May 1644; captured Liverpool, June 1644; failed to relieve York, and was defeated with Newcastle at Marston Moor, June 1644; appointed general, 1644; suppressed rising in Wales, February 1645; relieved Chester; took Leicester, May 1645; distinguished himself at Naseby, where royalL*U were defeated, June 1645: occupied Bristol; urged Charles I to make peace, July 1645; surrendered Bristol to Fairfax (September), and was deprived of commissions (October); in siege of Oxford, and on its capitulation ordered (January 1646) to leave England: went to St. Germain, July 1646; appointed mareschal-de-camp, with command of English troop* in French service; accompanied Prince Charles to Holland, 1648; commanded fleet sent to assist Ormonde in Ireland, 1649; relieved Stilly islet; blockaded by Blake at mouth of Tagus, 1650; escaped to Mediterranean, made piratical cruise, and reached Barbados, 1652; returned to France, 1653; in Germany, 1654-60; returned to England, 1660; privy councillor, and commissioner for government of Tangier, 1669; one of the patentees of Royal African Company, 1661; admiral of while under Duke of York at Solebay, 1665; shared command with Monck against Dutch, 1666; held command at Woolwich, 1667; constable of Windsor Oafttle, 1668: received charter for Hudson Bay Company, H.70; vice-admiral of England on outbreak of second Dutch war, 1672; general on sea and land, and, later, admiral of fleet, 1673; fought unsuccessful battles off Schoneveldt and Texel; first lord of the admiralty 16731679. Buried in Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster; his portrait painted by Lely.
^ Peter de Rupibus (d. 1238). See Peter des Roches.
^ Anthony Rush (1537–1577), divine ; M.A. Magdalen College. Oxford, 1558; master of Canterbury grammar school, 1561; canon of Windsor and D.D. Cambridge, 1565; chaplain to Queen Elizabeth and canon of Canterbury, 1568; dean of Chichester, 1570-7.
^ James Blomfield Rush (rf. 1849), murderer ; a tenant fanner on the estate of Isaac Jenny (1789-1848), , who sympathised with the claimants to Jenny's estate and shot him and his son.:
^ Thomas Rushook (fl. 1388), bishop; provincial of Dominican order in England, 1373-82; temporarily deposed, 1378-9; confessor to Richard II, 1379; bishop of Llandaff, 1383, and of Chichester, 1385; supported Richard II; found guilty of treason, 1388; banished to Ireland; bishop of Kilmore, c. 1388.
^ Sir John Rushout, fourth baronet (1684–1775, politician; M.P. for Malmesbury, 1713 and 1715, and Evesham, 1722-68; lord-commissioner of treasury, 1742; treasurer of navy, 1743; privy councillor, 1744; father of House of Commons when he retired in 1768.
^ Edward Rushton (1550–1586). See Rishton.
^ Edward Rushton (1756–1814), poet ; apprenticed to firm of West India shippers at Liverpool; lost Ms sight while serving as mate in slaving expedition to Guinea coast; published poem condemning American war, 1782; kept tavern at Liverpool; edited Liverpool Herald; published poems and political writings. His sight was restored, 1807.
^ Edward Rushton (1796–1851); son of Edward Rushton (1756-1814); printer and stationer; called to bar; stipendiary magistrate at Liverpool, 1839.
^ Johhn Rushworth Rush(1612?–1690), historian; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1649; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1647; clerk-assistant to House of Commons, 1640; secretary to general and council of war on organisation of new model army; accompanied Fairfax in campaigns of 1645, 1646, and 1648; secretary to Cromwell, 1650: member of committee for reformation of law, 1652; M.P., Berwick, 1657, 1659, 1660, 1679, and 1681; secretary to council of state, 1660; secretary to lord keeper, 1667; spent hist six years of life in king's bench prison. He wrote Historical Collections(to year 1648), which was issued between 1659 and 1701 (8 vols.)
^ John Rushworth (1669–1736), surgeon; practised at Northampton; discovered efficacy of cinchona bark for gangrene, 1721; with Sir Samuel Garth suggested foundation of local infirmaries and dispensaries; published surgical works.
^ William Rushworth or Richworth (d. 1637), Roman catholic divine; born in Lincolnshire; educated at English College, Douay; general prefect, 1618; joined catholic English mission. Left in manuscript religious writings.
^ John Ruskin (1819–1900), author, artist, and social reformer; son of John James Ruskin (1785-1864), who entered partnership as wine merchant in London, 1809; brought up on strict puritanical principles; educated by Dr. Andrews, father of Coventry Patmore's first wife, and under the Rev. Thomas Dale (1797-1870) at Oamberwell; studied at King's College, London; learned drawing under Copley Fielding and J. D. Harding; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1836; won Newdigate prize, 1839; contributed verse toFriendship's Offering and other miscellanies; travelled for his health, 1840-1; B.A., 1842; M.A., 1848; his first published writings were articles in London's Magazine of Natural History 1834: made acquaintance of Turner, 1840; paid first visit to Venice, 1841; published, 1843, first volume of Modern Painters, by a Graduate of Oxford (his name first appeared on title-page in edition of 1851); second volume published 184C, the authorship being by that time an open secret; the third and fourth volumes appeared 1856, the fifth, 1860; married, 1848, Euphemia Chalmers Gray, daughter of George Gray, a lawyer of Perth; made acquaintance of Millais, 1851; delivered at Edinburgh, 1x63, lectures onArchitecture and Painting published, 1H54: hi* marriage annulleil on his wife suit, which be did not defend, 18M: P'lMi-iml, 1849,Seven Lamps of Architecture which Ini.i..m-.i-r.iM- intluenoe in encouraging the Gothic revival of the time, and Stones of Venice I voU 1861-3: warmly detuuled the pre-ltaphaeutai in letter* to The Times and in pamphlets, 1861; published annually, 1855-9, Notes on the Royal Academy: arrange drawings at National Gallery: took chance of drawing classes at Working Men's College, Great Ormond Street, L..II.I..H. 1854-8; publubedElements of Drawing IBM, Chrint Church, Oxford, 1858; devoted himself to economic studies, and publishedUnto thU Last(tome of the paper* being first contributed to Cornhill Magazine, 1860, Munera Pulveris (contributed in part to Fraser Magazine, 1862, Gold 1863, Time and Tide 1867, and various letters and pamphlets, 1868, advocating a system of national education, the organisation of labour, and other social measures; honorary LL.D. Cambridge, 1867; between 1855 and 1870 be delivered In all part* of the country lectures, some of which were published in Sesame and Lilies, The Crown of Wild Olive 1866, and The Ethics of the Du*V 1866; removed, 1871, to Brantwood, Coniston Lake, where he remained till death; established For* ClavigersV a monthly letter to the workmen ami labourers of Great Britain and founded, isn, the guild of St. George on principles thatfood an only be got out of the ground and happiness out of honesty and thatthe highest wisdom and the highest treasure need not be costly or exclusive engaged in several industrial experiments, including the revival of the bond-made linen industry in Laugdale, and the establishment of a cloth industry at Laxey, Isle of Man; inspired and was first president ofThe Art for Schools Association first Slade professor of art at Oxford, 1870-9; again filled the post, 1883-4, and published eight volumes of lectures; founded a drawing school at Oxfor-1 and endowed a drawing-master; honorary fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1871; suffered at times from brain fever after 1878: published at intervals during 1885-9Preterite an autobiography which was never completed: died from influenza, 20 Jan. 1900, and was buried at Coniston. A, bibliography of his writings by Thomas J. Wise and James P. Smart was issued, 1893. Many of the illustrations to his works were executed from his own drawings. He inherited from his father a Urge fortune, all of which was dispersed, chiefly in charitable and philanthropic objects, before his death.
^ Alexander Russel (1814–1876), journalist; apprenticed to printer in Edinburgh; contributed, to Tait's Magazine edited Berwick Advertiser 1839, Fife Herald (Cupar), 1812, and a journal at Kilmarnock, c. 1844; editor, c. 1848 till death, of Scotsman; exerted himself to further objects of Anti-Cornlaw League, part of his plans being opposition to all interference of ministers of religion in politics.
^ Antony Russel (1663?–1743), portrait-painter; son of Theodore Rusael; friend of George Vertue *"* 4J
^ George Russel (1728–1767), poet; born in Minorca; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1750: rector of Schull, co. Cork, 1753-67. Works published, 1769.
^ John Russel (1740? –1817), Scottish divine; licensed preacher, 1768; minister at Kilmarnock, 1774; held second charge of Stirling, 1800-17; satirised by Robert Burns.
^ Theodore Russel, Rousseel, or Russell (1614-1689), portrait-painter; born in London of Dutch parents; assistant to Vandyck, many of who* portraits he copied.
^ William Russel (rf. 1702), baptist minister ; li.. Cambridge; created M.D., 1688: pastor of baptist ...u-regation at High Hau, West Smithfleld, London, before 1670: probably practised as physician from c. 1680; published controversial pamphlet*.
^ Alexander Russell (1718?–1768), physician; educated at Edinburgh; physician to English factory at Aleppo, 1 740-53; published Natural History of Aleppo 1756; K.llA. 1756; L.R.C.P. and M.D. Glasgow, 1760; physician to St. TbotnaV* Hospital, 1780. (xlix.4*)
^ Arthur Oliver Villiers Russell (1806–1874), divine; -,:.,--:., i,,. and St. John College, Cambridge; LL.B., 1890; after .......,.-:..;1..,.,:,,: -....-:-;i. published hymns and other writing*,
^ Sir Charles Russell, third baronet (1826-1883), lieutenant-oolonel; educated at Eton; eosifn, 1841; captain in grenadiers, IMS; served in Crimea: deputy assistant quartermaster gftwal; V.C., 1847; lieutenant-colonel, 1858; coo-err. tire JC.P. for Berkshire, 1865-8, and Westminster, 1*74-8*.
^ Charles Russell, first Baron Russell of Killowen (1832–1900), lord chief-justice of England; nephew of Charles William Russell; admitted solicitor, 1864; practised in county courts of Down and Antrim: studied at Trinity College, Dublin; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1869; joined northern circuit; Q.C., 187*; independent liberal M.P. for Dundalk, 1880-6. Booth Hackney, 1885, 18H6, 1892; attorney-general. 1888 and 1892; vigorously advocated home rule; leading counsel for Parnell in Paruell Communion, 1888-9; with Sir & Webster represented Great Britain in Bearing Sea arbitration, 1803, and was made G.C.M.G.; made lord of appeal and raised to peerage for life, 1804: appointed later in same year, on death of Sir John Duke Coleridge, baron Coleridge, lord chief -justice; presided at trial of Jameson raiders, 189tf; one of arbitrators at Part*, 1899, to determine boundaries of British Guiana aud Venezuela under treaty of 1897; introduced secret commissions bill in House of* Lords, 1900; published writings on legal and educational questions.
^ Charles William Russell (1812 - 1880), president of Maynooth College: educated at Maynooth College; Duuboyue student, 1832: professor of humanity, 1835; apostolic vicar of Ceylon, 184*; professor of ecclesiastical history, Mayuooth, 1845, aud president, 1857: took part in tractarian movement; published antiquarinn and other writings.
^ Sir David Russell (1809 - 1884). general ; cornet, 1828; captain, 1833; brevet colonel, 1854; served in Indian mutiny: general, 1877; K.C.B., 1K71.
^ Edward Russell, Earl of Orford (1653–1727), admiral: lieutenant, 1671; captain, 1672: joined service of Prince of Orange, c. 1683; M.P., Launceston, 1689, Portsmouth, 1690, Cambridgeshire, 1695: treasurer of navy, 1689, and admiral of blue under Turn a* ton, whom he succeeded. 1690: with Dutch defeated French off Cape Bartieur, 1692; dismissed from command for not completing destruction of French fleet, 1693; reinstated, 1693; first lord of admiralty, 1694-9, 1709-10, and 1714-17; served in Mediterranean, 1694-6; created Baron of Shingey, Viscount Barfleur, and Earl of Orford, 1697: one of lords justices, 1697, 1698, and 1714; commissioner for union, 1706.
^ Loud Edward Russell (1806–1887), admiral; son of John Russell, sixth duke of Bedford; lieutenant, 18*6; captain, 1833; M.P, Tavistock, 1841-7: nnvol aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria, 1846-50: served at Sevastopol, 1864; C.B., 1856; admiral, 1867.
^ Lady Elizabeth Russell (1528–1609). See Elizabeth Hoby.
^ Francis Russell, second Earl of Bedford (1527?-1585), son of John Russell, first earl of Bedford ; of King's Hall, Cambridge; K.B., 1647 Buckinghamshire, 1547-62; witnessed deed by which Edward VI settled the crown on Lady Jane Grey, 1563; imprisoned, 1553-6; escaped to continent; returned, 1666: privy councillor, 1558; took active part in religious settle iiu-i.t; warden of east marches, governor of Berwick, and K.G., 1564; commissioner to treat as to Mary Quean of Sootsmarriage, 1664; lord president of Wales and lieutenantof Garter, 1576: cluef -justice and justice in eyre of royal forests south of Trent, 168*.
^ Francis Russell, fourth Earl of Bedford (1593-1641), son of Sir William Russell, flr* baron Russell of Tbornhaugh; knighted, U07; succeeded his cousin Edward, third earl of Bedford, 1627; M.P., Lym Regis, 1610-11; built square of Covent Garden, e. 1631 beaded association which undertook draining of fens prominent in opposition to Charles I, 1640; privy couu cillor, 1641; endeavoured to mediate between Charles and parliament.
^ Francis Russell, fifth Duke of Bedford (1765-1802), son of Francis Russell, marquis of Tav took; succeeded his grandfather, John Russell, fourth Duke of Bedford, 1771: of Westminster School an. Trinity College, Cambridge; attached himself to the party of Fox; one of the friends of George, prince of Wales built Russell and Tavistock Squares, London, c. 1800 member of original board of agriculture, 1793; first pre sideut of Smithfield Club, 1798.
^ Francis Charles Hastings Russell ninth Duke of Bedford (1819-1891), son of Lord George William Russell; served in Scots fusilie guards, 1836-46: M.P., Bedfordshire, 1847-72: succeeded bis cousin William Russell, eighth duke of Bedford, 1872 president of Royal Agricultural Society, 1879; K.G., 1880 committed suicide.
^ Lord George William Russell (1790–1846) son of John Russell, sixth duke of Bedford; educated at Westminster and Woodnescornet and lieutenant, 1806; aide-de-camp to Sir G. Ludlow at Copenhagen, 1807; served In Peninsula, 1809 and 1810-12; aide-de-camp to Wellington, 1812 major, 1813; M.P., Bedford; aide-de-camp to Wellington while ambassador at Paris, 1817; major-general, 1841 held several diplomatic appointments, and was ambassador at Berlin, 1836-41; G.C.B. (civil), 1838.
^ Sir Henry Russell (1751–1836), judge; of Charterhouse School and QueensCollege, Cambridge; M.A., 1775; commissioner in bankruptcy, 1775; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1783; appointed puisne judge in supreme court of judicature, Bengal, and knighted, 1797; chiefjustice of supreme court, 1807-13; created baronet, 1812 priry councillor, 1816.
^ Henry Russell (1812–1900), vocalist and song composer; appeared at Surrey Theatre, London, 1828; chorus-matter at Her Majesty's Theatre, London; went to Canada and America, where, and from 1841 in England, he made a great reputation by his rendering of songs of a domestic character; composed numerous Bettings to songs, some of which were expressly written for him by Dr. Charles Mackay His most popular aong was Oheer, boys, cheer
^ James Russell (1754–1836), surgeon; F.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1777, president, 1797; surgeon to Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh; first professor of clinical surgery, Edinburgh University, 1803-34; original fellow, and eabseqnently vice-president, Royal Society, Edinburgh; ndhatll pictures; published surgical works,
^ James Russell (1786–1851), surgeon; studied at Guy's Hospital, London: L.R.O.P., 1808; honorary surgeon to Birmingham Dispensary, 1815-25; sanitary inspector it Birmingham,: one of founders of Birmingham Medical Benevolent Society; wrote on scientific and medical subjocw r.It,C.S M 1843.
'^ James Russell (1790–1861), barrister; T p: graduated r;, Imier Temple 1822: re P r ter in . chancellor and master of rolls till 1834; X Vice-chancellor Knight-Bruce's ; i, fc ou h overwork; edited Annual ; published Reports
^ John Russell (fl. 1450), mediaeval writer; in service of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester; wrote Book of 9? &U* 1 Farnlval1 Boxburgbe Club, 1867, and B.E.T.S., 1868).
^ Sir John Russell (ft. 1440–1470), speaker of House of Commons; M.P., 1423; speaker, 1423,32 and 1460
^ John Russell (d. 1494), bishop of Lincoln; .SCSttlS" ??? 1 U 6 * 8 and New College, Oxford fellow, 1449-62; LL.B. and LL.D., 1459; moderator In 1 146l! archd n of BWks?b?liE * 1 !. 1474;; 83: ne * tiat * marriage betweei 3&? Cicely and James, son of king of 1 l )rebend r y * St. Paul Cathedral, 1474 Rochester, 1476-SO, and of Lincoln, 1480-94: chancellor of England, 1483; employed by Henry VII in negotiations with king of Scots and with Brittany, 1486: ohaiu-dlor of Oxford University, 1483-94; wrotePro Eitio Clarissimi Oratoris, Mayistri Johannis Russell* intfil with Caxton's type, probably at Bruges), a speech ivered on embassy to invest Charles the Bold with Garter, 1470, and legal and religious treatises.
^ John Russell, first Earl of Bedford (1486?1555), gentleman of privy chamber, 1506; captain IB expedition to France, 1513; knighted, c. 1513; at tournament at Paris, 1514; at Field of Cloth of Gold, 1520: accompanied expedition of Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey (afterwards third Duke of Norfolk), to France, 1522; knight-marshal of household, 1523; went on secret mission to obtain alliance of Duke of Bourbon, 1523, and after many adventures returned, 1525; ambassador to Pope Clement, 1527; bailiff of Burley in New Forest, 1528; took active part in suppressing Pilgrimage of Grace, 1636; comptroller of king's household, 1537; privy councillor, 1538; created Baron Russell of Chenies and elected K.G., 1539; high steward of duchy of Cornwall: lord high-admiral of England, 1540-2; high steward of Oxford University, 1542; lord privy seal, 1542, 1547, and 1553; took part in suppression of Western rebellion 1549; created Earl of Bedford 1550; signed Edward VI's letters patent limiting crown to Lady Jane Grey, but subsequently joined Queen Mary's party; joint-ambassador to Philip of Spain to conclude marriage treaty, 1554.
^ John Russell, fourth Duke of Bedford (1710–1771), second son of Wriothesley Russell, second duke of Bedford: succeeded his brother, third duke of Bedford, 1732; joined opposition to Sir Robert Walpole; privy councillor; first lord of admiralty in Pelham's administration; lord justice of Great Britain, 1745, 1748, and 1750; colonel of foot regiment, which he raised for George II, 1745; secretary for southern department on Chesterfield's resignation of seals, 1748; K.G., 1749; resigned seals, 1751; started, with Beckford, anti-ministerial paper, The Protestor edited by James Ralph, 1753; lordlieutenant of Ireland in Duke of Devonshire's administration, 1755-61; lord high constable at George III's coronation, 1760; accepted privy seal, 1760; ambassador for treaty of peace with France, 1762-3; president of council, 1763-7; supported Grafton's government, but took no office, 1767. His portrait, painted by Gainsborough, 1764, was copied by Reynolds.
^ John Russell (1745–1806), portrait-painter; apprenticed to Francis Cotes; practised art in London, and produced many portraits, chiefly in coloured crayons; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1769, and obtained gold medal, 1770, for figure ofAquarius R.A., 1788; executed portraits of George Ill's queen and George, prince of Wales, 1789-90, and other members of royal family, and was styled painter to George III, Prince of Wales, and Duke of York. His portraits include Mother's Holiday (Mrs. Jeans and her sons), 1796, Philip Stanhope, son of Lord Chesterfield, Bartolozzi, Cowper, Mrs. Jordan, Mrs. Siddons, Sheridan, and Robert Merry (Delia Crusca); published Elements of Painting with Crayons 1772.
^ John Russell, sixth Duke of Bedford (1766-1839), grandson of John Russell, fourth duke of Bedford q. v.; member of Society of Friends of the People; M.P., Tavistock, 1788-1802; succeeded to the dukedom on the leath of his brother, Francis Russell, fifth duke of Bedford, 1802; privy councillor, 1806, and lordieutenant of Ireland, 1806-7; K.G., 1830; rebuilt Covent jrarden market, London, 1830; interested himself in agriculture, art, and natural history.
^ John Russell (1787–1863), divine; educated at Charterhouse School; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1809; head-master of Charterhouse, London, 1811-32; prebendary and, later, canon-residentiary of Canterbury; president of Sion College, London, 1845 and 1846: rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London, 1832-63; published History of Sion College and other works.
^ John Russell, Viscount Amberley (1842–1876), son of Lord John Russell, first earl Russell; of Harrow, Edinburgh, and Trinity College, Cambridge; Liberal M.P., Nottingham, 1866-8.
^ Lord John Russell, first Earl Russell (1792-1878), statesman; third son of John Russell, sixth duke of Bedford; educated at Westminster and Edinburgh University: travelled on continent: whig M.P., Tavlstock, 1813; OMOMd pension of Habeas Corpus Act. 1M7; re-elected for Tavistock, 1818; delivered, 181.his speeches on parliamentary reform, which be stmmouuly advocated till 1832; M.I, Huntingdonshire, 18)0; return.*! for Irish borough of Bandon, 1826-30: moral successfully repeal of Teat and Corporation Acts, 1828; paymnnttTireneral of forces (without teat In cabinet) and M.I, Tavistock, 1831; moved uunccesafully Government Reform Bill in House of Common*. li member for Sooth Devon, 1831; member of cabinet: intrikluivl id-form Itil! second time, 24 Jane, and tliini tim.-,: was passed, 1832; advocated Irish church reform, 1811; recognised at leader of wings In House of Commons la Melbourne's administration, 1834; M.I, Stroud, home secretary and leader of House of Commons In Melbourne's administration, 181ft; diminished number of offences liable to capital punishment, 1837; colonial secretary under Melbourne, 1839; led opposition to Peel's administration, 1841; supported repeal of com laws by Peel, 184ft; first lord of treasury and premier, 1846: member for city of London, 1847; introduced measures for alleviating condition of Ireland; passed bill for removing Jewish disabilities, 1848; resigned. 1861, but returned to office; demanded I'aliuenton's resignation on ground of exceeding his authority In recognising government formal by Hapojson after coup dWat of 2 Dec. 18A1; resigned, 1852; foreign secretary in Aberdeen's ministry-, 1852, resigned, 1853, and remained in cabinet without office; suggested and carried into effect separation of war and colonial departments, 1854: president of council, 1854; retired, 1855; refused office under Palmerston and became plenipotentiaryat Vienna congress, but subsequently February) accepted secretaryship of colonies; resigned, July 1855: supported Palmerston during Indian mutiny; opposed Disraeli's Reform Bill. 1859; again returned for city of London, 1859; foreign secretary under Palmerston; advocated Italy for the Italians; accompanied Queen Victoria on visit to Germany, 1860; created Earl Russell of Kingston Russell and Viscount Amberley of Amberley and Ardsalla, 1861; maintained neutrality between belligerents in American civil war: K.G M 1862; prime minister on death of Palmerston, 1865; resigned. 1866, when his official life terminated; published Memoirs of Affairs of Europe 1824,Essay on English Constitution 1821, 4 Letters of Fourth Duke of Bedford 1842-6, and other works; president of the Royal Historical Society, 1872-8.
^ John Russell (1795–1883), the sporting parson ; educated at Plympton, Tiverton, and Exeter College, Oxford; B.A., 1818; ordained priest, 1820; curate, 1820, at George Nympton, and, 1826, at Iddesleigh, where he kept pack of foxhounds; received perpetual curacy of Swymbridge, 1831: rector, 1880 till death, of Black Torringtou, where he started a pack of harriers; did much to further agricultural improvement.
^ John Fuller Russell (1814–1884), divine; son of Thomas Russell (1781 ?-186); LL.B. Peterbouse, Cambridge, 1839: held perpetual curacy of St. James, Enfield, 1851-4; rector of Greenhlthe, 1856; member of council of Society of Antiquaries; published theological and other works.
^ John Scott Russell (1808–1882), naval architect; graduated at Glasgow; received large gold medal of Edinburgh Royal Society for paper on laws governing resistance of water to motion of floating bodies, 1837: discovered wave of translation and developed wave-line system of construction of ships; manager of shipbuilding works at Greenock; F.R.S. and M.I.C.E., 1847; secretary of Society of Arts, 1845-50: royal commissioner for Great Exhibition (1851); advocated Ironclad man-of-war; shipbuilder on Thames; constructed Great Eastern steamship; published works on shipbuilding.
^ Joseph Russell (1760–1846), writer on agriculture,
^ Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford (d. 1627), patroness of poets; daughter of John Harinifton, first baron Harington of Exton: married Edward Russell, third earl of Bedford, 1594; repeatedly mentioned by the chief men of letters of the day, including Ben Jonson, Donne, Daniel, Drayton, and Chapman,
^ Michael Russell (1781–1848), bishop of Glasgow and Galloway; M.A. Glasgow, 1806; LL.D., 1820; 1806; minister of 8t James's Chapel. Lritb, 1809: deaa of diocese of Edinburgh, 1*31: bUbop of Glasgow and Galloway, 1 H37: I:. published historic*!, topographical, and other writings.
^ Odo William Leopold Russell, first Baron Ampthill (l829-1884~), son of Lord George William Russell ; attach* at .:. V:,,;,, i::it I...rl N.I;,.,T. l-v7 of legation at Florence, embassy at Vienna, 1849; at foreign . !.!.;..,".V. 1 -. I;.it .-..,- !-.,r...M Mrietaal tnAMenfcan.it fo special mlation to headquarters Versailles, 1870-1; ambassador Naples. 1880; ...-.-.;.,;: German army at ersailles, 1870-1; ambassador at Berlin, 1871; privy councillor, 1872; G.C.B., 1874; G.C.M.O., 1879; raised to peerage, 1881.
^ Patrick Russell (1629–1692), archbishop of Dublin, 1683; did much to restore discipline of church after accession of James II, 1685; imprisoned on flight of James II; died in prison.
^ Patrick Russell (1727–1805), physician and naturalist; half-brother of Alexander Russell; M.D. Edinburgh; physician to English factory at Aleppo, 1753; settled in London, 1772; F.U.S., 1777; boUnUt to East India Company in Carnatic, 1785-9; published 'Treatise on Plague' (1791) and other writings.
^ Rachel Russell, Lady Russell (1636–1723), second daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, fourth earl of Southampton; married as her second husband William Russell, lord Russell, 1669; acted as her husband's writer during his trial, and made strenuous efforts to save his life: was subsequently intimate with Queen Mary and Princess Anne; corresponded with Tillotson: her letters transcribed from the manuscript In Woburn Abbey, first published, 1773.
^ Richard Russell (d. 1771), M.D. Rheims, 1738 : extra L.R.C.P. London, 1742; FJI.S., 1752; published medical works.
^ Samuel Thomas Russell (1769?–1845), actor; played juvenile parts under Charles Dibdln, 1781; appeared as Charles Surface in School for Scandal Drury Lane, London, 1795; took Richmond Theatre, 1796: at Drury Lane, 1797; stage- manager at the Surrey, London, under Robert William Elliston. 1812. and later at Olympic, London: at Hay market, London, 1814-18; stagemanager at Drury Lane, 1819-21: managed Brighton Theatre; stage-manager at Hayniarket, 1837-8, and again at Drury Lane, 1839; played Jerry Sneak (his greatest part) to Dowton's Major Sturgeon at Her Majesty's, London, 1840. Among his best characters were the Copper Captain Rule a Wife and have a Wife, Paul Pry, Rover, and Young Rapid.
^ Theodore Russell (1614–1689). See Russel.
^ Thomas Russell (1762–1788), poet; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; B. A., 1784; ordained priest, 1786: died of phthisis. His Sonnets and Miscellaneous Poems appeared, 1789. His sonnets entitle him to an important place among those who revived the sonnet in England.
^ Thomas Russell (1767–1803), United Irishman: accompanied 52nd regiment to India as volunteer, 1782; received commission; held commission in 64th regiment in Ireland: made acquaintance of Theobald Wolfe Tone, 1789; sold commission, 1791: engaged actively in work of United Irish Society: librarian of Belfast library, 1794; arrested with other United Irishmen, 1796, and confined in Newgate, Dublin, till 1798, when he was banished to Fort George, Scotland: liberated, 1802; went to Paris, where he met Robert Emmet and entered Into bis plans; proceeded to Ireland in hope of raising Ulster, 1803: arrested, found guilty of high treason, and executed at Downpatrick.
^ Thomas Russell or Cloutt (1781?–1846, independent divine: adopted name of Russell, c. 1820; published, under name Cloutt, hymns and sermons, and edited works of John Owen (1616-1683).
^ Thomas Macnamara Russell (1740?-1824), admiral: entered merchant service, and later (e. 1766) navy, and served as seaman, midshipman, and master's mate, and was lieutenant, 1776; captain, 1781: on West Indian station, 1789-92 ami 1796-9; at reduction of St. Lucia MIX 1 Trinidad: in lvns, isus; oomnwder4n-eUef of North Sea squadron, 1807; took possession of Heligoland, 1807; admiral, 1*12.
^ William Russell, first Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (1568?-1613), son of Francis Russell, second earl of Bedford; of Magdalen Co; fonl:.-ommanded company against Fiagb O'BynuIn Ireland, l.wi: knighted, 1581; lieutenant-general of cavalry nuder Leicester iu expedition to Hetheriandft, vernor of Flushing, 1587-8; supported Leicester ; rM with the estates: M.A. Oxford, 1694: lorddeputy of Ireland, 1594-7; relieved Enniskillfn, which was besieged by Sir Hugh Maguire and O'Donnell; engaged, In co-operation with Sir John Norris, in extended operations against Tyrone, O'Donnell, the Burkes, Fiush MacHogh, and Maguire: captured Fiagh O'Byrne, 1597; n-turni-1 to England, 1697; commander of forces in west, 1699; raised to peerage by James I, 1603.
^ Sir William Russell , first baron3t(d. 1654), treasurer of the navy; free brother of East India Company, 1609; director, 1615; director of company of Merchants of London, 1612; bought treasurership of navy, 1618, and held office till c. 1627; reappointed, 1630; created baronet, 1630.
^ William Russell, Lord Russell (1639–1683), the patriot; son of William Russell, fifth earl (afterwards first duke) of Bedford; educated at Cambridge; M.P. for Tavistock, 1660-78; married, 1669, Rachel Wriothesley (1636-1723). widow of Francis, lord Yaughan, and second daughter of Thomas Wriothealey, fourth earl of Southampton; supported politics of country part}-, attacked Buckingham, 1674, and Dauby, 1675; succeeded to courtesy title of Lord Russell, 1678; proposed address for removal of Duke of York from Charles II's presence and councils, 1678; M.P., Bedfordshire, 1679; privy councillor; attacked Lauderdale in council, and withdrew from council, 1680; backed with Cavendish bill of indictment of Duke of York as popish recusant, 1680; seconded introduction of Exclusion Bill in Oxford parliament, 1681; in communication with Prince of Orange; sent to Tower of London on charge of complicity iu Rye House plot, 1683; pleaded not guilty but was convicted of high treason and executed at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. His attainder was reversed on accession of William and Mary, and his father was created duke in 1694. His portrait painted by Lely.
^ William Russell (1634 - 1696?), chemist in ordinary to Charles II; published Physical Treatise 1684,
^ William Russell, first Duke of Bedford (1613-1700), son of Francis, fourth earl of Bedford; educated at Magdalen College, Oxford; K.B., 1626; M.P. for Tavistock in Long parliament; general of horse in parliamentary army, 1642; besieged Sherborue Castle; fought at Kdgehill, 1642; abandoned parliamentary cause and was pardoned by Charles I, 1643; fought at Newbury, but returned to parliamentarians, 1643; continued work begun by his father of draining fens, 1649; governor of Plymouth. 1671; joint-commissioner for execution of office of earl marshal, 1673; privy councillor, 1689; created Duke of Bedford and Marquis of Tavistock, 1694, and Baron Rowland of Streatham, 1695. His portrait painted by Kneller and Vaudyck.
^ William Russell (1741–1793), historian; apprenticed to bookseller and printer at Edinburgh, 1756; obtained patronage of Lord Elibank; adopted literary profession in London, 1767; hon. LL.D. St. Andrews, 1792; published Hiotory of America (1779)and History of Modern Europe(1779-84), and other works.
^ William Russell (1777–1813), musician; organist to Great Queen Street Chapel, London, 1793-8, of KU Anne's, Linn-house, London. 1798-1801, and of Foundling Hospital, London, 1801: Mus. Bac. Oxford, 1808; composed sacral music, songs, and theatrical pieces: wrote setting* for Smart'sOde on St. Cecilia's Day ( 1800) and Redemption of Israel
^ William Russell (1740–1818), merchant and reformer; engaged in export trade from Birmingham to Rawia, Spain, and United States: advocated political measures of reform, including repeal of Test and Corporation Acts; retired, c. 1792; travelled in America and Europe.
^ Sir William Russell (1773–1839), M.D. Edinburgh; practised in Calcutta; returned to London before 1832; created baronet, 1832.
^ William Russell (1780–1870), son of John Russell (1745-1806), exhibited portraits at Royal Academy, 1805-9.
^ Sir William Russell, second baronet (1822–1892), son of Sir William Russell (1773-1839); cornet, 7th hussars, 1841; major, 1857; aide-de-camp to Lord Clarendon, when lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1850-52; M.P., Dover, 1857-9; served in Indian mutiny; C.B., 1859; liberal M.P. for Norwich, 1860-74; lieutenantgeneral, 1881.
^ William Armstrong Russell (1821–1879), divine; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; missionary at Ningpo, China; first missionary bishop of North China, 1872; published work ou Chinese language, and translated portions of scriptures and common prayer into Chinese.
^ Sir William Oldnall Russell (1785–1833), judge; son of Samuel Oldnall: adopted name Russell, i 1816; M.A. Christchurch, Oxford, 1807; barrister, Lincoin's Inn, 1809; serjeant-at-law, 1827: knight and chiefjustice of Bengal, 1832; published Treatise on Crimes ! 1819, and other legal works.

[1] Anastasia Robinson, afterwards Countess of Peterborough (d. 1755), singer ; studied under Dr. Croft and Sandoni; performed on operatic stage, 1714-1724; married Lord Peterborough secretly, c. 1722, and publicly at Bristol, 1735; conducted a musical academy at Parson's Green.

[2] Anthony Robinson (1762–1827), Unitarian pastor of baptist church, Worship Street, London; sugar refiner in London, 1796; published historical and other writings.

[3] Benjamin Robinson (1666–1724), presbyterian divine; minister at findern, 1688, Hungerford, 1693, and Little St. Helen, Bishopsgate Street, London, 1700; lecturer at Salters' Hall, 1705; published writings on doctrine of Trinity.

[4] Bryan Robinson(1680–1754), physician; M.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1711: prof.or.f"pi,-. fellow. 1712, and president, 171*. 17V7,:m,l l;;;,,.f King and yuccu College of pr.i.-tiw-l m Untilin; published mathematical and medical works.;

[5] Sir Bryan Robinson (1808–1887),colonial judge: educated at Trinity College, DuMm to bar in NOT* Scotia, 18)1; master of chancery, 1834: Q.C. and member of executive council, 1843; puisne judge, 1858-78; knighted, 1877; died in England.

[6] Sir Christopher Robinson (1766 - 18MX admiralty lawyer; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1789: D.C.L., 1796: entered College of Advocates, 1796; knighted and appointed king's advocate, 1809; tory M.I for Cullington, 1818-20; chancellor of diocese of London, ami judge of consistory court, 1821; judge of high court of admiralty, 1828; privy counclllorlBSS; published legal writings.

[7] Clement Robinson (fl. 1566–1684), song-writer; edited and probably contributed to A Boke of very pleasaunte Soncttes 1566 (not extant; reprinted, 15H4, with title, A HaiKlefull of pleasant Delltes).

[8] Daniel George Robinson (1826–1877), colonel, royal engineers; studied at Addiscombe; first lu tiu-niint, Bengal engineers, 1847; appointed to Indian survey, 1850; lieutenant-ooloncl, 1862; director-general of India's telegraphs, 1865; colonel, 1874; died at sea.

[9] Frederick John Robinson, Viscount Goderich afterwards first Earl of Ripon (1782–1859), son of Thomas Robinson, second baron Grantham; educated at Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1802; entered Lincoln's Inn, 181)2; tory M. P. for Carlow borough, 1806, and Ripon, 1807: under-sivrctary fur colonies, 1809; lord of admiralty, 1810: privy councillor, 1812: joint paymaster-general of forces, 1813-17; introduced bill (which was passed) prohibiting importation of corn until average price of wheat in England should be 80. per quarter, 1815: chancellor of exchequer, 1823-7; obtained grant towards erection of building at British Museum to receive Royal Library, 1823; introduced extensive fiscal reforms; created Viscount Goderich, 1827; secretary for war, commissioner for Indian affairs, and leader of House of Lords, 1827: prime minister after Canning's death, August 1827; resigned, 1828: secretary for war and colonies, 1830; resigned and accepted post of lord privy seal, 1833; created Earl of Ripon, 1K33: resigned office, 1834; president of the board of trade, 1841; president of the board of control for Indian affairs, 1843-6; D.C.L. Oxford, 1839; F.BS., 1828.

[10] Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson (1763–1852), general; born near New York; ensign in loyal American regiment in war of independence, 1777; lieutenant, 38th foot, 1780; major, 127th foot, 1794; colonel, 1810; commanded brigade in Spain, 1812-14, and in Canada, 1814-16; major-general, 1814; commanded troops in Windward and Leeward island**, 1816-21; governor of Tobago: colonel, 69th regiment, 1827, and of 89th, 1840; G.C.B., 1838; general, 1841.

[11] George Robinson (1737 - 1801), bookseller; worked before 1764 with Rivington the publisher.

[12] Hastings Robinson (1792–1866), divine; of Rugby and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1818; D.D., 1836; fellow and assistant-tutor, 1816-27: held living of Great Warley, 1827; honorary canon of Rochester, 1862; F.S.A., 1824; edited classical and other works.

[13] Henry Robinson (1553?–1616), bishop of Carlisle; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1575; fellow, 1575; D.D., 1590; principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 15761681; provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1581-98; bishop of Carlisle, 1598-1616; commissioner for ecclesiastical causes, 1599; entered Gray's Inn, 1601; took part la Hampton Court conference, 1603.

[14] Henry Robinson (1605?-1664?), merchant and economical writer;..f M..l-.l.nV..!!,,-. (,f,, n; fr.iman.,( MerceniCompany, 16M: comptroller for ale of royal laud*, 1669: published work* on economical quotient, and in hU controversial writing* opposed William Pry.

[15] Henry Crabb Robinson (1775-1867), diarist; articled as attorney at Colchester; entered office In London, 1796; travelled lu Germany and Bohemia, and met Ooetbe and Schiller, 1800-S; studied at Jena Unlrenity, 180*-*; Time correspondent at Alton*; foreign editor of Time*; special Time* in Peninsula, 1808-9; barrister, Uiddkt IMS; leader of the Norfolk be was a founder of the Atbciueum Club and of University College, London, and was acquainted with many notable persons of bis day: P&A- 1829; his Diary and Letters published posthumously.

[16] Hercules Robinson (1789–1864), admiral; brother of Sir Bryan Robinson; entered navr, 1800; lieutenant, 1807; nerved In Baltic and Atlantic: post captain, 1814; commander-in-chief regnhting fishery on Labrador coast, 1820; retired, 1846; vice-admiral, 1866; admiral, 1862.

[17] Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, first Baron Rosmead (1824-1897), colonial governor: son of Hercules Robinson; educated at Sandhurst; first lieutenant, 87th mriment, 1844: retired, 1846; I president of Monteerrat, West Indies, 1854: lieutenantI governor of St. Christopher, 1855; governor of Hongkonv 1869-66, Ceylon, 1865-72, and New South Wales, 1872-9; negotiatal cession of Fiji Islands, 187 1: governor of New Zcalanl, 1879-80; governor of Cape Colony and high oommisslonar of South Africa, 1880-9: negotiated term* of peace with the Boers, 1881: came to England to assist in settling revised convention, 1884; obtained despatch of Sir Charles Warren V expedition, which resulted in annexation of Bechuanaland to British dominions, 1886, concluded treaty with Lobviigula, largely due to energy of Cecil Rhodes, 1888; created baronet, 1891; returned to South Africa as governor, 1895; negotiated (1896) at Pretoria for release of men who, without Robinson's sanction or knowledge, had raided (1895), under Dr. Jameson, the frontier of the South African republic: i English peerage, 18WJ; retired from governorship. 1H&7; knighted, 1K59; G.C.M.G., 1876; privy councillor, 1882.

[18] Hugh Robinson (1584?–1655), divine; of Winchester and New College, Oxford: M.A., 1611; D.D. 1627; chief master of Winchester School, 1613-27; canon of Lincoln, 1625: archdeacon of Gloucester, 16S4: lost canonry and archdeaconry during civil war; took covenant aiul accepted from parliament living of Hint on; published educational works.

[19] John Robinson (d. 1598), divine; B.A. and fellow. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1654; M.A., 1657; incorporated at Oxford, 1663: president of St. John's College, Oxford, 1564-72; B.D., 1667; D.I). Cambridge, 168S; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1586; canon of Gloucester, 1694.

[20] John Robinson (1576?–1625), pastor of the pilgrim fathers; probably studied at Cambridge: held a cure at Norwich, and is said to have held and been suspended from a U-iicficc in Norfolk; emigrated to Arnsterdain ami joined separatists, 1008; removed, with a section of the community, to Le.Mlen, and was ordained pastor, William Brewster being a ruling elder, 160; entered Leyden L'nivt -rsity, 1U15: *k r ned, with Brewster, 'seven articlespn-rntl to privy council detailing scheme for emigration to America, 1617; perhaps wrote address alleged to have been delivered on departure ol pilgrims in charge of Brewster, 1620; died at Leyden; published controversial works.

[21] John Robinson (1617–1681), royalist; of Christ Church, Oxford; entered Gray's Inn, 1637; lieutenant-colonel of royalist forces, 1643; deprived of estates by parliament; fled to Isle of Man and France; returned on Restoration; M.P., Beaumaris, 1661-79; vice-admiral of North Wales, 1666-81.

[22] John Robinson (1650–1723), bishop of London; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1684; fellow of Oriel College, 1675-86: D.D. Lambeth, 1696, and Oxford, 1710; chaplain (c. 168(1) to English embassy at Swedish court, where ho remained mon: than twenty-five years, and :isr absence of Philip Warwick, the envoy, filled aticcewlvely posts of resident and envoy extraordinary: ht-M benefice of Lastingham, 1607-1709; accompanied Charles XII to Narva, 1700; interpreter to Marlborough duriMi? negotiations with Sweden, 1707; returned to England, and was appointed dean of Windsor and of Wolverhampton and registrar of knights of Garter, 1709; bNhop of Bristol, 1710; governor of London Charterboose anil dean of Chapel Royal, London; lord privy seal, 1711; appointed first English plenipotentiary at peace conference at Utrecht, 1712, and was first to sign treaty, 1713; bishop of London, 1714-23; privy councillor, 1714; published sermons and an Account of Sweden (1695).

[23] John Robinson (1715–1745), portrait-painter.

[24] John Robinson (1682–1762), organist of Westminster Abbey, 1727 till death.

[25] John Robinson (1727–1802), politician; articled to Richard Wordsworth, attorney, grandfather of the poet; practised as attorney in St. Lawrence, Appleby; entered Gray's Inn, 1759; tory M.P. for Westmoreland, 1784-74; secretary of treasury, 1770-82; M.P., Harwich, 1774-1802; D.C.L. Oxford, 1773; surveyor-general of woods and forests, 1787; mentioned in Rolliad, Probationary Odes, and Junius's letters.

[26] John Robinson , D.D. (1774–1840), divine; master of Ravenstonedale grammar school, 1795-1818; held livings in Westmoreland, 1818-40; published scholastic and other works.

[27] Sir John Beverley Robinson, first baronet 1791-1863), chief-justice of Upper Canada; born at Berthier, Quebec; entered attorney's office; volunteer in militia in American war; clerk of house of assembly for Upper Canada, 1814; called to bar, c. 1815; solicitorgeneral, 1815: attorney-general, 1818; member of assembly; speaker of legislative council, 1828-40; chiefjustice of Upper Canada, 1829; C.B., 1850; created baronet, 1854; D.C.L. Oxford, 1855.

[28] John Henry Robinson (1796–1871), line engraver; practised as portrait-engraver and book-illustrator; with eight other engravers petitioned House of Commons for investigation into state of the art of engraving in this country, 1836; A.R.A., 1856; R.A., 1867.

[29] Mrs Martha Walker Robinson (1822–1888), married the Rev. John Robinson, 1861; compiled, under maiden name (Freer) works on French history,

[30] Mary Robinson (1758–1800), known as 'Perdita'; actress, author, and mistress of George, prince of Wales (afterwards George IV); nee Darby; bora at Bristol and educated there and at Chelsea (where she afterwards kept a school with her mother) and Marylebone; became acquainted with Thomas Hull and David Garrick secretly married Thomas Robinson, 1774; imprisoned for debt in King's Bench prison; through Garrick's influence appeared successfully as Juliet at Drury Lane, London 1776; played Lady Anne in Richard III 1777, and other Shakespearean parts; attracted (1778) attention of Prince of Wales and became his mistress; deserted by prince; received pension from Fox; devoted herself to literature; produced several poems, plays, and stories, and is said to have taken part under various signatures in the Delia Crusoan literature. Her portrait was painted by Reynolds, Romney, Hoppner, Gainsborough, and others,

[31] Mary Robinson (fl. 1802), called 'Mary of Buttermere; a noted Cumberland beauty; was married under false pretences, by the impostor John Hatfield , 1802, and on account of the imposition practised upon her became the subject of numerous verses, dramas, tales,

[32] Matthew Robinson (1628–1694), divine and physician; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge 1652; fellow, 1650; held living of BurnSton, 1661-Sf licenced as physician; published Annotations on New Testament 169U oynrsoir.

[33] Nicholas Robinson (d. 1585), divine; M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge 1551; fellow; D.D. 1566; 51-8; dean, 1578; university proctor, 1552; vice-president, 1561; subscribed Roman catholic articles, 1555; ordained, 1557; archdeacon of Merioneth, 1562; bishop of Bangor, 1566-85; supported protestant cause; took considerable interest in Welsh history and made translations from Welsh.

[34] Nicholas Robinson (1697?–1775), physician; native of Wales; M.D. Rheims, 1718; practised in London; L.R.C.P., 1727; published medical works.

[35] Peter Frederick Robinson (1776–1858), architect; F.S.A., 1826; one of first vice-presidents of Institute of British Architects, 1835-9; published architectural works.

[36] Ralph Robinson (fl. 1551), translator; M A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1544; fellow, 1542; liveryman of Goldsmiths Company; clerk in service of Cecil (afterwards Lord Burghley); published translation of More'sUtopia 1651.

[37] Ralph Robinson (1614–1655), puritan divine; M.A. St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1642; presbyterian minister of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, London, c. 1642; imprisoned on charge of complicity in conspiracy of Christopher Love; pardoned.

[38] Richard Robinson (fl. 1574), servant in household of Earl of Shrewsbury. Published poetical writings.

[39] Richard Robinson (fl. 1576–1600), author and compiler; sometimes erroneously identified with preceding; freeman of Leathersellers Company; co-operated vith Thomas Churchyard in translating Meteren's Historicae Belgicae (1602), and published other works.

[40] Richard Robinson , first Baron Rokeby in Irish peerage (1709-1794), divine; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1733; B.D. and D.D., 1748: prebendary of York, 1738; chaplain to Duke of Dorset; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1751; bishop of Killala, 1752. of Leighlin and Ferns, 1769, aud Kildare, 1761; dean of Christ Church, Dublin, 1761; archbishop of Armagh, 1765; vice-chancellor of Dublin University; created Baron Rokeby of Armagh, 1777; first prelate of order of St. Patrick; a lord justice for Ireland, 1787; did much to beautify the town and cathedral of Armagh,

[41] Robert Robinson (1735–1790), baptist minister and hymn-writer; joined Calvinists, 1755; assistantminister at Norwich Tabernacle, c. 1758; seceded and formed independent church in St. Paul's parish, Norwich; pastor of Stone Yard Baptist Chapel, Cambridge, 1761; published religious controversial and other works; wrote eleven hymns issued by Whitefield, 1757.

[42] Robert Robinson (1727? –1791), dissenting minister; educated at PlaisterersHall, London; minister at Old Chapel, Dukinfield, 1752-6, and at Dob Lane chapel, near Manchester, 1755-77; published several discourses.

[43] Sir Robert Spencer Robinson (1809–1889), admiral; entered navy, 1821: commander, 1838; held command in Channel fleet, 1850-2, and in Baltic, 1855: controller of navy, 1861-71; lord of admiralty, 1868-71; vice-admiral, 1866; civil K.C.B., 1868; admiral, 1871.

[44] Samuel Robinson (1794–1884), Persian scholar; educated at Manchester New College (then at York); in business as cotton manufacturer successively at Manchester and Dukinfield; retired, 1860; president of Manchester New College, 1867-71; published translations from the German and Persian.

[45] Sir Septimus Robinson (1710–1766), brother of Richard Robinson, baron Rokeby; of Christ Church, Oxford; served with French army, and subsequently with English in Flanders; lieutenant-colonel, 1754; knighted, 1760.

[46] Sir Tancred Robinson (d. 1748), physician and naturalist; M.B. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1679: F.R.S., 1684; M.D. Cambridge, 1685; F.R.C.P., 1687, and censor, 1693 and 1717; physician-in-ordinary to George I, by whom he was knighted; contributed to Philosophical Transactions and wrote on natural history,

[47] Thomas Robinson (fl. 1520–1561). See Robertson.

[48] Thomas Robinson (fl. 1588–1603), lutenist .nd -oii'H.-tT: lxrn in Knirlainl: practised profession at court of Ivimiark; published u book of mu.-i 1603.

[49] Thomas Robinson (fl.–1622), pamphleteer; probably studied at Cambridge; went to MM; entered English nunnery at Lisbon as secretary and mass-priest: publi.-lit-l in Guidon an account of the immoral practical of the inmates, 1623.

[50] Thomas Robinson (d. 1719), author: rector of Ousby, 1672-1719; published works on natural history.

[51] Thomas Robinson (d. 1747), entered Lincoln's Inn, 1730; published Common Law of Kent I'll.

[52] Thomas Robinson, first Baron Grantham (1695-1770), diplomatist; of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge; minor fellow, 1719; secretary to English embassy at Paris, 1723; M.P. for Thirsk, 1727-34: one of the three English reprewntativea at congress of Soissons, 1728-9; ambassador at Vienna, 1730-48: represented England in negotiations with Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great, 1740-8; joint-plenipotentiary of England in peace negotiations of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748; returned to England, 1748; one of lords commissioners of trade: M J M Christchurcb, 1748-61: privy councillor, 1750: secretary of state for southern department and leader of House of Commons, 1754-5: raised to peerage, 1761; xlix. joint postmaster-general, 1765-0.

[53] Sir Thomas Robinson, first baronet (1700?-1777), calledLong Sir Thomas colonial governor; brother of Richard Robinson, boron Rokeby; studied architecture in Greece and Italy: M.P., Morpeth, 1727; married Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Howard, third earl of Carlisle, and widow of Nicholas, lord Lechmere, 1728; created baronet, 1731; resided at Rokeby in the North Riding, Yorkshire; commissioner of excise, 1735-42; governor of Barbados, 1742-7; acquired shares in Ranelagh Gardens, London, and became director of entertainments; practically made the Rokeby of which Scott wrote, but was compelled to dispose of it in 1769.

[54] Thomas Robinson, second Baron Grantham (1738-1786), eldest son of Thomas Robinson, first baron Grantham; of Westminster and Christ's College, Cambridge; M.A.. 1757; M.P., Christchurch, 1761: secretary of British embassy to intended congress at Augsburg, 1761; commissioner of trade and plantations, 1766, and first commissioner, 1780-2: vice-chamberlain of household and privy councillor, 1770; ambassador at Madrid, 1771-9; foreign secretary, 1782 3.

[55] Thomas Robinson (1749–1813), divine; M.A. and fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1776; vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester, 1778; published religious works.

[56] Thomas Robinson (1790–1873), divine ; educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge; MJL, 1816; M.A. Oxford, 1839; D.D., 1844: ordained priest, 1816; chaplain to Reginald Heber, bishop of Calcutta, 1825; lord almoner's professor of Arabic, Cambridge, 1837-54: master of the Temple, 1845-69: rector of Therfleld, 1853-60; canon of Rochester, 1854: published Persian translation of Old Testament and other works.

[57] Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882), astronomer; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1810; fellow, 1814; deputy-professor of natural philosophy. Trinity College, Dublin; in charge of Armagh Observatory, 1823: rector of Carrickmacross, 1824-82; prebendary of i?t. Patrick's, Dublin, 1872: member of nautical almanac committee, 1830; invented cup-anemometer, completed, 1846: F.R.A.S., 1830; P.R.S., 1856, and royal medallist, 1862: president, Royal Irish Academy, 1851-6; D.D., LL.D. (Dublin and Cambridge); D.O.L. (Oxford): wrote on astronomical, physical, and other subjects,

[58] William Robinson (d. 1768), architect and surveyor; published two technical architectural treatises.

[59] William Robinson : (1720?–1775), architect; clerk of works to Greenwich Hospital, 1746; assisted ValH)le in executing the plans for Strawberry Hill, 1750-75; secretary to board of works.

[60] William Robinson (1726?-18033), friend of Thomas Gray the poet; educated at Westminster and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1752; held various livings.

[61] William Robinson (1799–1839), portrait-painter; pupil of Sir Thomas Lawrence

[62] William Robinson (1777–1848). topographer and solicitor; barrister, Middle Temple, 1817; PJU., 1819: LL.D. Aberdeen, 1822: published legal writings.

[63] William Robinson (d. 1870), reporter in the admiralty court: son of Sir Christopher Robinson; D.C.L., Balliol College, Oxford. 1829; entered Cottage of Advocates, 1830; published reports.

[64] Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson (1834-1897). colonial governor; brother of (Sir) Hercules Robinson, afterwards first baron Rosmead; held various administrative positions and was governor of I Island (whose political he assisted to bring about), 1870-3, Western Australia, Prince Edward Island i litieal union with Canada 1874-7, 1880-3, and 1890-6, Strait! Settlements, 1877-80, and Sooth Australia, 1883-9, and acting governor of Victoria, 1889; Q.O.M.G.,1887; published musical composition-.

[65] Henry Robinson-Montagu, sixth Baron Rokeby in Irish peerage (1798–1883), general; colonel, 1846; commanded division in Crimea; general, 1869; succeeded to peerage, 1847; G.C.B., 1876.

[66] Matthew Robinson-Morris, second Baron Rokeby in Irish peerage (1713-1800), son of Matthew Robinson; LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1734: fellow: M.P. for Canterbury, 1747 ami 1764; assumed name of Morris; succeeded his cousin, Ricluml Robinson, in title, 1794; published political pamphlet*,

[67] Morris Robinson-Morris, third Baron Rokeby (d. 1829), nephew of preceding, whom he succeeded as third Baron Rokeby; published a political pamphlet.

[68] John Robison (1739–1805), scientific writer; M.A. Glasgow, 175G; appointed by board of longitude to make trial voyage to Jamaica in charge of John Harrison's chronometer, 1762: returned to Glasgow and became acquainted with James Watt; lecturer on chemistry, Glasgow, 176G; anticipated Mayer in discovery that law of force is approximately in inverse square, 1769: held, with rank of colonel, mathematical chair attached to sea cadet corps, St. Petersburg, 1772: professor of natural philosophy, Edinburgh, 1773: first general secretary. Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783; published scientific works and contributed to Encyclopaedia Britannica

[69] Sir John Robison (1778–1843), inventor; son of John Robison; educated at Edinburgh; entered service of nizam of Hyderabad as contractor for the establishment and maintenance of military service: left India, 1815: one of the foun.lers of Scottish Society of Arts, 1821, secretary, 1822-4, and president, 1841-2: knighted, 1838; invented many ingenious contrivances, and wrote extensively on scientific subject*,

[70] John Robothom (fl. 1654), divine; minister of Rumbold's Wyke, c. 1648-51: preacher at Dover, 1654: subsequently minister of Upminster, whence he was ejected, 1660; published religious works.

[71] Amy Robsart (1532?–1560). See Amye Dudley.

[72] Charles Robson (1598–1638), divine; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1619; B.D.. 1G29 fellow, 1620-31; chaplain at Aleppo, 1624-:to: vicar of Holme-Cultram, 1632-8; published account of journey to Aleppo (162H).

[73] Edward Robson (1763–1813), author; nephew of Stephen Robson; associate of Linnean Society, 1789; published botanical writings.

[74] George Fennell Robson (1788–1833), watercolour painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1807: president of Oil and Water-colour Society (now Royal Society of Painters in Water-colours), 1819-20.

[75] James Robson (1733-1806), bookseller; ente;ed (c.1749) shop of J. Brindley, New Bond Street, London, whom he succeeded 1769; high sheriff of Westminster, 1797* member of the Booksellers Dining Club at the Shakspeare Tavern.

[76] Stephen Robson (1741–1779), botanist; linen manufacturer and grocer at Darlington: published botanical work*.

[77] Thomas Frederick Robson (1H227-18G4). actor; his real name Thomas Robson Brownhill; worked as copperplate engraver; joined acting profession and was engaged under House at Grecian Saloon, London, f. 1845; in Dublin, 1880- 3, playing Bottom in 1851; joined Olympic company, London, 1863; showed remarkable power in burlesque and farce, and in some serious parts; undertook with Emden management of Olympic, 1867. His most successful parts were in the Yellow Dwarf (Blanche, 1864), Medea in Brough Medea(1856), and Sampson Barr in the Porter's Knot (1858).

[78] William Robson (1786–1863), schoolmaster; published historical and other works and translations from Fmu-li.

[79] John Roby (1793–1860), organist; organist at independent chapel, Rochdale; managing partner in banking firm at Rochdale, 1819; retired, 1847; published poetical and other writings, including Traditions of Lancashire 1829 and 1831.

[80] William Roby (1766–1830), congregational divine; brother of John Roby; classical master at Bretherton grammar school, Lancashire; minister in Manchester, 1795-1830; published religious writings.

[81] Simon Jacques Rochard (1788–1872), miniature-painter; born in Paris; patronised by Napoleon I and by court at Brussels; came to London, c. 1815; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1816-45; retired (1846) to Brussels, where he died.

[82] Francois Theodore Rochard (d. 1858), portrait-painter; brother of Simon Jacques Rocbard; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1820-55.

[83] Sir Boyle Roche, baronet (1743–1807), politician; entered army; served in American war; obtained office in Irish revenue department, c. 1775; M.P. (Irish parliament) for Tralee, and subsequently for Gowran, 1777-83, Portarlington, 1783-90, Tralee, 1790-7, and Old Leighlin, 1798 till the union; created baronet, 1782; chamberlain to rice-regal court; rendered government great services in connection with volunteer convention of 1783; celebrated as a perpetrator of bulls.

[84] David Roche, Viscount Fermoy (1573?–1635), succeeded to title, 1600; loyal during the rebellion of Hugh O'Neill, second earl of Tyrone; rewarded by James I.

[85] Eugenius Roche (1786–1829), journalist; born in Paris; came to London, c. 1804; engaged in several unsuccessful journalistic enterprises: editor of the Day 1810, later ofNational Register and (c. 1813) of the Morning Post

[86] James Roche (1770–1853), the 'Roscoe of Cork'; born at Cork; wine merchant at Bordeaux; left France, 1797; established (1800) bank at Cork, which suspended payment, 1819; commercial and parliamentary agent for counties Cork, Youghal, and Limerick, 1819-26; local director at Cork of National Bank of Ireland, 1832-53; contributed to magazines under initials essays on literary topics which evinced much literary taste.

[87] Maurice Roche, Viscount Fermoy (1595?-1660?), rebel son of David Roche, viscount Fermoy; imprisoned in Dublin for papistical inclinations, 1624; outlawed for share In rebellion, 1643; excepted from pardon, 1652, his estates being sequestrated,

[88] Michael de la Roche (fl. 1710–1731), French protestant refugee; engaged in literary work in London; conducted periodical Memoirs of Literature 1710-14 and 1717; edited (1717-19) Bibliotheque Angloise (a periodical written in French and published at Amsterdam), and subsequently other periodicals.

[89] Philip Roche (d. 1798), Irish rebel; Roman Catholic,priest at Poulpearsay, co. Wexford; joined rebels before battle of Tubbemeering, 4 June 1798; elected commander of rebels at Slyeeve-Keelter, near New Ross; captured after battle of Vinegar Hill, and hanged.

[90] Mrs Regina Maria Roche Roche, (1764?-1845), novelist; born in Ireland of parents named Dalton; published (1793-1834) sixteen novels, including Children of the Abbey 1798. "

[91] Robert Roche (1576–1629), poetaster; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1699; vicar of Hilton, 1617-29; published didactic doggerel verse.

[92] John Thomas Rochead (1814–1878), architect; practised in Glasgow, 1841-70.

[93] Peter des Roches (d. 1238). See Peter

[94] Earls of Rochester . See WILMOT, HKMIY, first EARL, 1612 ?-1658; WILMOT, JoHN,sec*ond KAH i., 16471680; HYDE, LAURENCE, first EARL of the Hyde family. 1641-1711.

[95] Countess of Rochester (d. 1725). See Jane Hyde.

[96] Viscount Rochester (d. 1645). See Robert Carr.

[97] Sir Robert Rochester (1494?–1557), comptroller of the household to Queen Mary; attached to Princess Mary's household, of which he managed the finances, 1647, and was appointed comptroller, 1551; imprisoned for refusing to carry the council's orders to Mary forbidding mass in her household, 1551-2; K.B. and comptroller of the royal household 1553; knight of the shire for Essex, 1563-5; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1654; on royal commission for treaty regarding Queea Mary's marriage with Philip II of Spain.

[98] Solomon de Rochester (d. 1294), judge; took orders; justice in eyre for Middlesex, 1274, Worcestershire, 1275, and subsequently for Essex and other counties; dismissed and fined for maladministration of justice and corruption, 1289; prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral; probably died by poison.

[99] Earls of Rochford . See ZUYLESTEIN, WILLIAM Henry, first EARL, 1645–1709; ZUYLESTEIN, WILLIAM De Nassau, second EARL, 1681–1710 ; ZUYLESTEIN, Nassau De Frederick, third EARL, 1682–1738; Zuylestein, William Henry Stein, fourth EARL, 1717–1781.

[100] Viscount Rochford (d. 1536). See George Boleyn.

[101] Sir John de Rochford (fl. 1390–1410), medieval writer; knighted before 1386; accompanied Henry IV to Wales, 1405; wroteNotabilia extracta... de vipinti uno libris Flavii Josephi (finished, 1406).

[102] Robert Rochfort (1652–1727), Irish judge: recorder of Londonderry, 1680; joint-commissioner for great seal, 1690; attorney-general of Ireland, M.P., co. Westmeath, and speaker of the Irish House of Common::, 1695; chief baron of exchequer, 1707-14; friend of Swift.

[103] Simon Rochfort (fl. 1224), first English bishop of Meath, 1194; one of judges in suit for possession of body of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1186)

[104] Daniel Rock (1799–1871), ecclesiologist; educated at St. Edmund's College, near Ware, and at English College, Rome; ordained priest, 1824; D.D.; engaged onLondon mission 1825-7; priest of Roman catholic congregation of Buckland, 1840-54; one of first canons of Southwark Cathedral, 1852; published religious and archaeological works.

[105] Buckingham, second Marquis of (1730–1782). See Charles Watson-Wentworth.

[106] Rockingham, first Baron (1584–1653). See Sir Lewis Watson.

[107] Edmund Rockray (d. 1597), puritan divine; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1564; B.D., 1670; fellow, c. 1560; canon of Rochester, 1577; suspended for nonconformity, 1584-8.

[108] William Smith Rockstro (1823–1895), musician; pupil of Mendelssohn, Hauptman, ami Plaidy; studied at Leipzig, 1845-6; pianist, teacher, and composer in London; devoted his attention to musical archaeology and ecclesiastical music; teacher of counterpoint and plain-song in Royal College of Music, 1831: published General History of Music 1886. Among his best compositions la the madrigal too cruel fair (1883) in the manner of Palestrina.

[109] Edward Hearle Rodd (1810–1880), ornithologist; qualified as solicitor, 1832: practised in partnership, 1833-78, at Penzance; published works on ornithology.

[110] Horatio Rodd (fl. 1859), brother of Thomas Rodd the younger, with whom he was In partnership; subsequently picture-dealer and printseller In London; published miscellaneous writings.

[111] Thomas Rodd , the elder (1763–1829), bookseller; educated at Charterhouse School, London, and in France; opened bookseller's shop in London, retiring 1821; published poetical and other writings.

[112] Thomas Rodd , the younger (1796–1849), bookseller: son of Thomas Rodd the elder, whom he assisted; carried on the business from 1821; published miscellaneous writings.

[113] Robert Roddam (1719–1808), admiral : entered navy, 1735; lieutenant, 1741: commander. 1746; poutcaptain, 1747; serred successively in North Sea, at New York, and in the West Indies, where he was captured by French, 1757; exchanged, 1759; rear-admiral of white, 1778; commnnder-in-chief at Nore; admiral of the blue, 1793; senior admiral of the red.

[114] Earls of Roden . See JOCRLTV, ROBERT, first Earl 1731–1797 ; JOCKLYJ?. RORKRT, third EARL, 1788–1870.

[115] William Thomas Roden (1817–1892), engraver and portrait-painter.

[116] '^ Roderic the Great (d. 877). See Rhodri Mawr.

[117] Roderic O'Connor (1116?–1198). See O'Connor.

[118] Richard Roderick (*. 1756), critic and versifier ; M.A. QueensCollege.- Cambridge, 1736; F.R.S., 1750: F.S.A., 1752; coadjutor of Thomas Edwards (1699-1757) (q. v. in Canons of Criticism

[119] Francis Rodes (1530?–1588), judge : educated at St John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Oray's Inn, 1552; raised to degree of coif, 1578; justice of common pleas, 1*85; took part in trial of Mary Queen of Scots, 1586.

[120] Alexander Rodger (1784–1846), minor poet; son of a farmer at Mid-Calder, Midlothian; worked successively as silversmith at Edinburgh and handloom weaver at Glasgow; joined staff of Spirit of the Union a seditious weekly paper at Glasgow; imprisoned as suspected person; on staff of Glasgow Chronicle c. 1832, and subsequently of the Reformer's Gazette; published poetical writings.

[121] John Rodington (d. 1348), Franciscan of convent of Stamford; D.D. Oxford; provincial minister of order in England; left manuscripts.

[122] George Brydges Rodney, first Baron Rodney (1719-1792), admiral; educated at Harrow; entered navy as volunteer per order, 1732; captain, 1742; in Nprth Sea, 1744; took part in defeat of French under L'Etenduere, 1747; governor of Newfoundland, 1748-52; rear-admiral, 1759; bombarded and blockaded Havre, 1759 and 1760; oimnander-in-chief on Leeward Islands station, 1761; reduced Martinique and took possession of St. Lucia, Grenada, and St. Vincent, 1762: baronet, 1764: governor of Greenwich Hospital, 1765-70; M.P., 1751; M.P., Northampton, 1768; held command at Jamaica, 1771-4; rear-admiral, 1771; being in pecuniary difficulties owing to his pay being in arrears, lived at Paris, 1775-8; admiral, 1778; defeated Spanish off Cape St. Vincent, and was nominated extra K.B., 1780: proceeded to West Indies and took command of fleet on Leeward Islands station: foii'ht indecisive battle off Martinique with French under jriiichen; seized St. Eustatiu*, 1781; resigned command, owing to ill-health, to Sir Samuel (afterwards Viscount) Hood, 1781: rejoined Hood, 1782: defeated Frvm h under De Grasse off Dominica, received thanks of parliament, and was raised to peerage as Baron Rodney of Stoke-Rodney. Hi? portrait was painted by Reynolds and Gainsborough.

[123] John Rodney (1765–1847), chief secretary to government of Ceylon: ton of George Brydffe* Rodney, flrst baron Rodney; studied at Royal Academy, Port* mouth; served under hU father at St. Vincent and in other engagement*; lieutenant, commander, and captain. 1780: Io*t his kv owing to an accident, 179*. and WM superseded; chief secretary to government of Ceylon. 1803-3J.

[124] George Herbert Buonaparte Rodwell (1800-1852). author and musician; pupil of Vincent Novello and Sir Henry Bishop; professor of harmony and composition at Royal Academy of Mosie, 1828; proprietor of Addphi Theatre, London. 1825: director of music at Covent Garden Theatre. London, IBM; composed dramatic pieces and songs, and published work* on music, and other writings.

[125] John Medows Rodwell (1808–1900), orientalist ; M.A. Gonville and Caiiw College, Cambridge, 1831; honorary fellow. 1886: rector of St. Peter's, Saffron Hill, London, 1836-43; held rectory of St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate, London, 1843 till death, bat retired from residential duty, e. 1878; translated the Koran into English, 1861.

[126] George Hamilton Roe (1796–1873). physician; M.I). Kdinhurgh. 1821: L.R.C.P. London, 1828; IfJL and M.I). (1827) Trinity College, Dublin: incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1828; F.R.C.P., 1838: physician to Westminster Hospital, 1825-54; Harveian orator, Royal College of Surgeon*, 185G, and conciliarius, 1864, 1865, and 1866. xlix. 881

[127] John Septimus Roe (1797–1878), explorer; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; midshipman, 1813: accompanied Captain F. P. King in expeditions to northwest coast of Australia, 1818 and 1821; served In Burmese war, 1825-7; surveyor-general of Western Australia, 1828r. 1870; member of executive and legislative council of the colony; F.L.S., 1828.

[128] Richard Roe (d. 1853), author ; probably B.A. Dublin, 1789: took holy orders; published New System of Shorthand poetical and other works.

[129] Sir Thomas Roe (1581?–1644), ambassador: commonerof Magdalen College, Oxford, 1693; esquire of the body to Queen Elizabeth during hut years of reign; knighted, 1605; sent by Henry, prince of Wales, on voyage of discovery in search of gold to West Indies and South America, 1610-1 1, and twice subsequently; served in Netherlands, 1613; M.P., Taniworth, 1614; carried out successful mission as lord ambassador to court of Jehanglr, Mogul emperor of Hindustan, with object of arranging commercial treaty, 1615-18, and laid foundation of greatness of British India: visited Persia on homeward journey: as ambassador to Ottoman Porte, 1621-8, secured privileges of English merchants and improved relations between England and Algiers; succeeded in attaching Bethlen Gabor, prince of Transylvania, to the protestant alliance; mediated successfully between kings of Sweden and Poland, 1629-30: chancellor of order of Garter, 1637; ambassador in negotiations with imperial, French, and Swedish plenipotentiaries for settlement of terms of general peace, 1638-42; privy councillor and M.P. for Oxford university, 1640; ambassador extraordinary at Vienna, 1642-3: left diplomatic memoirs and correspondence (part published X

[130] John Roebuck (1718–1794), inventor; studied chemistry and medicine at Edinburgh: M.D. Leyden, 1742; established a chemical laboratory at Birmingham; invented improved methods of refining precious metals and several improvements in processes for production of chemicals, including manufacture of sulphuric acid: established manufactory of sulphuric acid at Preston pans, 1749; formed company for manufacture of iron on river Carron, Stirlingshire, r. 1760, the Carron manufactory subsequently becoming famous for production of ordnance (hence name canronade), and in 1762 patented a process of iron manufacture Involving the use of pit coal; lost large sums of money owing to lack of success with coal-mines and salt-works leased at Borrowstounness, Linlithgowshlre, where he was afterwards employed by his creditors as manager; member of I loyal Societies of London and Edinburgh; friend and patron of James Watt.

[131] John Arthur Roebuck (1801 -1879), politician; grandson of John Roebuck; bom at Madras; 1 in Canada: barrister. Inner Temple, 1831: joined i circuit; Q.C. and bencher of his inn, 1K43: airent j England for bouse of assembly of Lower Canada, IMS; M.P.. Bath. 1882-7 and 1841-7; published weekly pamphlet* supporting his political views as anindependent member: member of Reform Club, 18:16-64; M.I., Sheffield, 1849-68 and 1874-9: moved, 1865, for committee j-.iiry into conduct of Crimean war, with result that Aberdeen's government resigned and Palmerston, whosuccceded as premier, appointed Sebastopol committee, with Roebuck as chairman: chairman of Administrative 11. form Association, 1866; a supporter of Lord Beaconsfield's policy, 1877-9; privy councillor, 1878; published political works.

[132] Thomas Roebuck (1781-1819), orientalist; cadet in East India Company's service, 1801; captain. 1815; published works in or relating to Hindustani and Persian.

[133] Pieter van Roestraten (1627–1700), painter; born at Haarlem, Holland: worked successfully in England as painter of portraits and still life.

[134] James Roettiers(1663–1698), medallist ; son of John Roettiers, whom he assisted at the mint; assistant-engraver, 1690-7.

[135] James Roettiers (1698–1772), medallist : son of James Hoettiers (1663-1698); engraver-general of Low Countries, 1783-73.

[136] James Roettiers (1707–1784), medallist and goldsmith; son of Norbert Roettiers; engraver of mint* to Pretender, 1727.

[137] John Roettiers, Roettier or Rotier (1631-1703), medallist; perhaps born at Antwerp; engraver at mint, 1661: appointed one of chief engravers, 1662: assisted at different periods by Joseph, James, and Norbert, his sons: produced medals commemorating Restoration nnd official coronation medals for James II and William and Mary; removed from office owing to theft by labourers of dies for coins, 1697.

[138] Norbert Roettiers (1665?–1727), medallist; son of John Hoettiers: official assistant-engraver at mint, K.9U: attached himself to Stuarts at St. Germain,. li.i:: appointed engraver to mint by James Kdward, the Old Pretender, lor whom he made English and Scottish coins inscribed James III und James VIII; engraver-general of French mint, 1703.

[139] Roger of Breteuil, Earl of Hereford (fl. 1071-1075). See Roger Fitzwilliam.

[140] Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel (d. 1093?), son of Roger the Great, who was cousin of William the Conqueror, Ralph de Mortimer ; trusted supporter of Duke William; fought at Domfront, 1048 contributed sixty ships for English invasion, which he accompanied: returned to Normandy, 1067, and was left as guardian of the duchy jointly with Matilda; obtained earldom of Shrewsbury, 1071; founded Shrewsbury Abbey 1083-7; secretly supported Robert against William Rufus but fought with William Rufus at Rochester, 1088; became monk at Shrewsbury; built many castles on the Welsh borders; benefactor to the monks.

[141] Roger the Poitevin (fl. 1088–1102), Earl of Lancaster; son of Roger de Montgomery; fought against William Unfa* at Rochester, 1088, but was afterwards 'to favour; joined his brother, Robert of Belleme against Henry I, 1102; expelled from England.

[142] Roger Bigod (d. 1107), founder of the 'house" 1 of I "trod in England afUr the Conquest: endowed by 1079 with the forfeited estates of Ralph de Guader, earl of Norfolk; appears in Domesday as holdin ir six lordships in Essex and 117 in Suffolk; received from Henry I gift of Framlingham, which became nrinci- I pal stronghold of himself and descendants.

[143] Roger Infans (fl. 1124), chronologer; wrote, c. 1124, a method of computing the calendar.

[144] Roger of Salisbury (d. 1139), called Roger the Great; originally a priest near Caen ; entered service of Hoary I a oteward; chancellor, 1101; appointed bishop I * l* bu iry. 1102, but not consecrated till 1107; justiciar; took Stephen's side, 1135, and contributed largely to his Mtinm-d as justiciar, and exercised great inmienci- over government of kingdom, and consequently excited enmity of barons of his party: summoned l. .-tcphen to Oxfonl and arrested. 1189; his castles surrendered and his power curtailed. He renewal and adorned the cathedral of Salisbury and built several castles, iueludii.p Devizes. The administrative system of secular government was remodelled under his direction.

[145] Roger Pauper (fl. 1139), chancellor; son of Roger of Salisbury; chancellor to King Stephen till 1139.

[146] Roger of Ford (fl. 1170), called also Roger Gostum, Gustum, and Roger of Citeaux; Cistercian monk of Ford, Devonshire; wrote Account of Revelations of St Elizabeth of Schonau and other works.

[147] Roger of Hereford (fl. 1178), writer on mathematics and judicial astrology; probably educated at Cambridge.

[148] Roger (d. 1179), divine: son of Robert, earl of Gloucester (d. 1147); cousin of Henry II, who appointed him bishop of Worcester, 1163: one ot bishopcharged to- convey to Pope Alexander III Henry II.appeal against Archbishop Thomas Becket; denounced for supporting Thomas, whom he followed into exile; contrived to regain in some measure Henry II's favour, whilecontinuing his friendship with Thomas; sent, after inurder of Thomas, to intercede in Henry IPs behalf with the legate, Archbishop William of Sens, and afterwardswith Pope Alexander III, 1171; died at Tours.

[149] Roger of Pont L'Evêque (d. 1181), archbishop of York; Neustrian scholar, brought up in court of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; one of KingStephen's chaplains; sent by King Stephen on mission toRome, 1152; archbishop of York, 1154: present at conn cil of Tours, 1163; joinel Henry II in contest with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury; papal legate in England, 1164; performed coronation ceremony for Henry II's son, 1170, in spite of Becket's protests nnd express orders of Pope Alexander III; was probably ultimately responsible for murder of Becket; obtained decision in Lateran council, 1179, that no profession of obedience was due from York to Canterbury; legate for Scotland, 1180; excommunicated William the Lion for contumacy, 1181; buried at York.

[150] Roger of Hoveden or Howden (d. 1201?). See Hoveden.

[151] Roger (d. 1202), bishop of St Andrews; son of Robert de Beaumont, third carl of Leicester (rf. 1190 ; high chancellor of Scotland, 1178-89; elected bishop of St Andrews, 1189, and consecrated, 1198: perhaps abbot of Melrose.

[152] Roger of Croyland (d. 1214?), prior of Preston. c. 1213; revised (1213) a life of Becket made by an Evesham monk.

[153] Roger de Wendover (d. 1236). See Wendover.

[154] Roger de Wesham or Weseham (d. 1257). See Wesham.

[155] Roger de Thurkilbi (d. 1260). See Thurkilbi.

[156] Roger de Leybourne (d. 1271). See Leybourne.

[157] Roger of Waltham (d. 1336), clerk in service of Antony Bek (d. 1310), bishop of Durham; prebendary of St Paul's, London, 131(5; keeper of Edward II V wardrobe, 1322-3; wrote philosophical and other works.

[158] Roger of Chester (fl. 1339). See Chester.

[159] Roger of St Albans (fl. 1450), Carmelite friar in London: wrote genealogical table showing descent of Henry VI from Adam.

[160] Benjamin Rogers (1614–1698), musician; chorister of St. George's Chapel. Windsor; organist of Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin, 1639-41; driven away by Irish rebellion, 1641; lay clerk of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1660; organist to Eton College, 166:: inform.,tor choristarum, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1665-85: M 11 -. Doc. Oxford, 1669; composed several services and other church music, besides glees and songs.

[161] Charles Rogers (1711–1784), art collector; custom house, 1731;,-1,-rk nf certificate, 1 175-2; F.U.S., 1757. Cull.s-toi work-i 01 art, incladinK pictures, prints,:m,l illuimnut.-.l maun,, ri;. Ins death, jius-ol to Willhini Cotton. ultimately bequeathed to tti- Plymouth I'n.Library; published collection of ungnn drawings, aud other works. xlix.

[162] Charles Rogers (1825–1890), Scottish author; educated at St. Andrews, and was licensed by the 1 8 ! tribution of tracts, the Grampian Club, 1868, for issue of Scottish antiquarian work*, and claimed to Royal Historical Society ( IK;, of which he was secretary and historiographer till 1880; D.D. St. Andrews, 1881: wrote and edited miscellaneous work*.

[163] Daniel Rogers (1538?–1591), diplomatist; son of John Rogers (1500?-1555): born in Wittenberg; came to England, 154H: naturalised, 1652; studied at Wittenberg aud Oxfonl ( B.A., 1561): secretory of fellowship of English merchants at Antwerp, 1575; engaged in diplomatic business in Low Countries, 1676-8; went on mission to Duke of Saxony, 1580, but wan arrested on imperial territory and imprisoned till c. 1584; clerk of privy council, 1587.

[164] Daniel Rogers (1573–1652), divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1599; fellow, 1600-8; strongly advocated puritanism: successively minister of Haversham, and lecturer at Wethersfleld; suspended by Laud, 16*9; published religious works from the Calvlnlstic standpoint.

[165] Sir Edward Rogers (1498?–1567?), squire of body to Henry VIII: M.P., Somerset, 1553, 1558, 1559, and 1503-7; knighted, 1649; abroad during Queen Mary reign; vice-chamberlain, captain of guard, ami privy councillor, 1558; comptroller of household, 1560-5.

[166] Ezekiel Rogers (1584?–1661), divine; son of Richard Rogers (1550?-1618); M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1604; private chaplain: held living of Rowley; suspended for puritanism; emigrated to New England, 1638; pastor of township of Rowley, established by fellow colonists.

[167] Francis James Newman Rogers (1791–1851), legal writer; educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1815; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816, and Inner Temple, 1820: K.O., 1837: deputy judge-advocate-general, 1842; published legal works.

[168] Frederic Rogers, Baron Blachford (1811–1889), educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford, where he was intimate with Fronde and John Henry Newman; Craven scholar, 1829; MA., 1835; B.O.L., 1838; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1833; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1831; Vinerian scholar, 1834, and fellow, 1840; in sympathy with and (1845) contributor to the tractarian movement; one of founders of Guardian newspaper, 1846; registrar of joint-stock companies, 1844; commissioner of lauds and emigration; permanent undersecretary of state for colonies, 1H60-71; G.C.M.G., 1883; privy councillor, 1871; raised to peerage, 1871.

[169] George Rogers (1618–1697), physician; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1641; M.B., 1642; M.D. Padua, where he became English consul; incorporated M.D. Oxford, 1648; practised in London from c. 1U54: F.R.C.P., 1664, and president, 1688.

[170] Henry Rogers (1585?–1658), divine : M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1608; D.D., 1637; prebendary of Hereford, 1616; deprived by parliamentarians, 1645; published theological works.

[171] Henry Rogers (1806?–1877), 'Edinburgh' reviewer and Christian apologist; apprenticed as surgeon; entered congregationalist ministry, 1829; lecturer on rhetoric and logic, Highbury College, 1832; professor of English language and literature, University College, London, 1836, and of English, mathematics, and mental philosophy, Spring Hill College, Birmingham, 1839; began connection with Edinburgh Review 1839. Contributed The Eclipse of Faith 18M, a piece of clever dialectics, which achieved large popularity.

[172] Isaac Rogers (1764–1819), watchmaker; ticed in.man of Oloekmakers 1776; ma-u-r. 1824; member of Levant MK'n. lUro rsfkUi it,,.

[173] James Edwin Thorold Rogers (1823-1890) political economist; of King's College, London, and i:ii-. Hall, oxfort: MJL, 1*9: enrate of 8t Company. pany; de Oxford: abandoned clerical profession; first Tooke hMrd rtB*MisaM! MM&H -:,.,-. * London. 1869-90; Drummond jiiaftsiM economy, Oxford, 18S1-T; t Tooke proing's College, of political economy, Worcester College, Oxford, 1888: reected mmoud professor, 1888; published works on economic. economic history, including History of Agriculture Prices (6 vols.), 1866-87. . u.loptoi; Clerical Disabilities Belief Act, of which he was first to avail himself, 1870; engaged in political agitation; M.P., southwark, 1880-5, Bennondse v, 1886-: lecturer in political economy, Worcester College, Oxford, 1888: rejected Drummoud and and Prices

[174] John Rogers (1500?-1555), martyr: B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1626; rector of Holy Trinity. London, 1532-4; chaplain to English merchant adventurers at Antwerp, 1534; became intimate with Tindal, was converted to protestantism, and took charge of protestant congregation at Wittenberg, c. 1537; supplied with prefatory matter and marginal notes and for publication Tindal's version of the bibl,-, lished at Antwerp, 1637, known as Matthew's dedication being signed with pseudonym, Thomas thf.v; rector of St. Margaret Moyses, London, and vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1650; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1551: divinity lecturer at St. Paul's, London; temporarily suspended for declining to conform to ordinances respecting vestments; deprived of emoluments of his benefices for preaching against popery, 1553; imprisoned in Newgate, 1554; sentenced to death as heretic, 1555; burnt at Smithfield, the first victim of the Marian persecution.

[175] John Rogers (1540?–1603?), diplomatist; son of John Rogers (1500?-1555); born at Wittenberg; came to England, 1548; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1567; fellow; LL.D., 1574; joined College of Advocates, 1574; M.P., Wareham, 1585, 1586, and 1589; chancellor of Wells Cathedral, 1596-1603; employed on several diplomatic missions abroad.

[176] John Rogers (1572?–1636) puritan divine; educated at Cambridge; vicar of Dedham, 1605-36, his lecture being suppressed, on ground of his nonconformity, 1629-31.

[177] John Rogers (1627–1665?), Fifth-monarchy man; son of Nehemiah Rogers; joined advanced puritans, and was turned out of doors by his father; servitor at King's College, Cambridge; received presbyterian ordination, 1647; minister of Purleigh; went to London and joined independents: lecturer at St. Thomas Apostle's, London: sent by parliament to Dublin as preacher, 1660; returned to England. 1652: joined Fifth-monarchy men; denounced as a conspirator, 1654, and imprisoned; released, 1657; sent to Tower of London on charges of con. spiracy, 1658: proceeded to Ireland; became chaplain in Fairfax's regiment, and subsequently took refuge in Hoiland: studied medicine at Leyden and Utrecht; M.D. Utrecht; returned to England, 1662; admitted M.D. Oxford, 1664; published controversial works.

[178] John Rogers (1610–1680), nonconformist divine; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1688; vicar of Croglin, 1661; ejected, 1662.

[179] John Rogers (1630–1684), divine; son of Nathaniel Rogers, with whom he emigrated to New England. 1636; graduated in theology and medicine at Harvard University; president of Harvard, 1682.

[180] John Rogers (1679–1729), divine: M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1700; took orders; fellow, 1706; D.D., 1719; vicar of Buckland, 1704; rector of Wrington, 1716; chaplain in ordinary to George II, then prince of Wales, 1726; vicar of St. Giles Cripplegate. London, 1728; published sermons aud controversial works.

[181] John Rogers (1740?–1814), Irish seceding divine; minister at Cahans, Co. Monaghan, 1707: opposed relaxation of penal laws against Roman catholics, 1782; professor of divinity for Irish burgher synod, 1796; clerk of synod, 1779-1814; published religious writings.

[182] John Rogers (1778–1856), divine; of Eton and Trinity College, Oxford: M.A., 1810; rector of Mawnan, 1807-38; canon-residentiary of Exeter, 1820; supervised, Hebrew bible, published by Society for Promoting Conversion of Jews, 1813; published religious works.

[183] Joseph Rogers (1821-1889), medical practitioner; brother of James Edwin Thorold Rogers; medical officer to Strand workhouse, London, 1856-68, and of Westminster infirmary, 1872; founder and president of Poor Law Medical Officers Association.

[184] Josias Rogers (1755–1795), navy captain; entered navy, 1771; commander, 1780: wounded and captured in engagement off Oape May, 1782; exchanged; caouin. 1787 flag-captain to Sir John Jervis (afterwards Earl of St. Vincent), 1790; joined fleet in West Indies, 1793, and died of yellow fever.

[185] Nathaniel Rogers (1598–1655), divine; M.A. Emmanuel College. Cambridge, 1621; curate at Bocking; adopted puritan views; rector of Assington; sailed for New England, 1636; pastor of Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1638; member of synod.

[186] Nehemiah Rogers (1593–1660), divine; brother of Timothy Rogers (1589-1650?): of Merchant Taylors School, London, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: M.A., 1618; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge; prebendary of Ely, 1636; rector of St. Botolph'a, Bishopsgate, London, 1642; sequestered of rectory and prebend, 1643; pastor at St. Osyth, near Colchester; held living of Doddinghurst, near Brentwood, c. 1657: published treatises on the parables.

[187] Philip Hutchings Rogers (1786?–1853), painter; educated under John Bidlake, Plymouth; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1808-51.

[188] Richard Rogers (1532?–1597), divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1552: B.D., 1562: M.A. Oxford, 1660; archdeacon of St. Asaph, c. 1559; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1566; suffragan bishop of Dover, 1568; dean of Canterbury, 1584-97; master of Eastgate Hospital, Canterbury, 1595.

[189] Richard Rogers (1550?–1618), puritan divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1574; lecturer at Wethersfield, c. 1577: temporarily suspended for petitioning against Whitgift's three articles, 1583: joined Cartwright's presbyterian movement, signed Book of Discipline, and in consequence frequently suffered persecution; published religious works.

[190] Robert Rogers (1727–1800), colonel; born at Dunbarton, New Hampshire; commanded Rogers's Rangers in war with French in North America, 1755-60; visited England, where he came to attract George III's notice by publishing his journals; governor of Mackinaw, Michigan, 1765; after various misfortunes became colonel in the British army in America and raised queen's rangers; published topographical and historical memoirs and other works; died in England.

[191] Samuel Rogers (1763–1855), poet; entered bank in which his father was partner, in Cornhill, London; began contributing to Gentleman's Magazine 1781; published, 1792, Pleasures of Memory which achieved popularity; on death of his father, 1793, he became possessed of comfortable means and grew intimate with most eminent men of his day; visited Paris, where he cultivated tastes as an art connoisseur; attained high position among men of letters, many of whom were indebted to his influence or personal generosity; printed privately, 1808, and published, 1810, a fragmentary epic onColumbus and other poems in following years, including Human Life (1819) and Jacqueline which was printed in the same volume with Byron's Lara (1814); was offered but declined the laureateship, 1850.

[192] Thomas Rogers (d. 1616), protestant divine: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1676: rector of Horningsheath, 1581-1616: opposed Dr. Bound in Sabbatarian controversy; chaplain to Bancroft, whom he aided in literary work; published two works on the English creed, and other writings.

[193] Thomas Rogers (1660–1694), divine; of Trinity College and H:irt Hall, Oxford; M.A., 1682; rector of Slapton, near Towcester, 1690; published miscellaneous writings.

[194] Thomas Rogers (1760–1832), divine; H.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1783; head-master, Wakefield grammar school, 1795-1814; chaplain of West Riding house of correction, 1817; published lectures.

[195] Timothy Rogers (1589–1650?), puritan divine; preacher at Steeple, 1621; vicar of All Saints Sudbury, 1636; published writings.

[196] Timothy Rogers (1658–1728), nonconformist minister; educated at Glasgow University; assistant to John Shower in London, 1690-1707; published sermons and other writings.

[197] William Rogers (ft. 1580–1610), engraver: probably studied copper-plate engraving in school of Wierix family, Antwerp, and is first Englishman who is known to have practised the art. Among plates by him are some rare portraits of Queen Elizabeth,

[198] William Rogers (1819–1896), educational reformer: educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1844; studied theoloary at Durham; perpetual curate, 1845, of St. Thomas's, Charterhouse, London, where he did much to ameliorate social condition of his parishioners by means of education; member of royal commission on popular education, 1858; chaplain in ordinary to Queen Victoria, 1857; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1862; rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London, 1863. He founded numerous schools, and was active in reconstructing Alleyn's charity at Dulwich, 1871.

[199] William Gibbs Rogers (1792–1875), woodcarver; studied style of Griuiing Gibbons, and gained considerable reputation; employed on carvings in Kensington Palace and Pavilion, Brighton,

[200] Woodes Rogers (d. 1732), commander-in-chief of two private men-of-war fitted out by Bristol merchants to cruise against Spaniards in South Sea, 1708: reached Juan Fernandez, 1709, and found Alexander Selkirk; proceeded to coast of Peru, sacked Guayaquil, and after several engagements returned to England, 1711; published journal of the voyage, 1712; rented Bahama islands from lords proprietors and obtained commission as governor, 1717: arrived at Nassau, 1718, and, after facing serious opposition from pirates, returned, 1721; appointed (1728) captain-general and governor-in-chief of Bahama islands, where he died.

[201] John Bolton Rogerson (1809–1859), poet; worked in mercantile firm and afterwards with solicitor in Manchester; kept bookshop, 1834-41; contributed to newspapers, and subsequently engaged in journalistic and other enterprises; published poems.

[202] Peter Mark Roget (1779–1869), physician and savant; studied medicine at Edinburgh (M.D., 1798) and in London: physician to infirmary at Manchester, 1805; L.R.C.P., 1809; physician to Northern Dispensary, which he projected, 1810; physician to Spanish embassy, 1820, and to Milbank penitentiary, 1823; commissioned by government to inquire into water supply of metropolis, 1827-8; first Fullerian professor of physiolopy. Royal Institution, 1833-6: F.R.S., 1816, after reading of paper on a new sliding rule which he contrived; secretary to Royal Society and editor of the Proceedings 1827-49; F.R.C.P., 1831, Gulstonian lecturer, 1831, and censor, 1834 and 1835: took active part (1837) in establishment of University of London; published Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases 1852.

[203] Barons Rokeby . See Romxsox, RICHARD, first Baron 1709–1794 : ROBINSOX-MOHUIS, MATTHKW, second Baron 1713–1800; RoBixsox-MoxTAUU, HENRY, sixth Baron 1798–1883.

[204] John Rokeby (d. 1573?) canonist: D.O.L. St. Nicholas's Hostel, Cambridge, 1533; member of Doctors Commons, 1537; counsel for Henry VIII in his divorce; held prebends in York and Southwell.

[205] Ralph Rokeby (d. 1575), secretary of council of th: cdiionN.,! nt Omii.ruii ru.*ia, w~_ n~,il- i!..1... north: nliicatol at yueeu College, Cambridge; ot Lincoln 8 Inn.

[206] Ralph Rokeby(1527?-1596). mauler of requests; atW :it C-.m-r. .;,'; barrister, Lincoln'* Inn clii.-fjustice of Counaught, 1570; bencher.f I.mo.ln Inn, 1572: master of requests, 1676; master of SL Catherine 1 Hospttal, Londoii, 1580.

[207] Rokeby Sir THOMAS nr (rf. 13*6), justiolar of land; knighted by Edward III, 1327; commanded royal escort in Scotland, 1336; governor of St 1336-42. and Edinburgh Castle, 1338-43; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1337 and 1343; justiciar of Ireland, 1349-66, and "*

[208] Thomas de Rokeby (d. 1418 1 soldier: M.P., Yorkshlre, 1406, and sheriff, 1408 and 1412: defeated Percy, carl of Northumberland, at Bramham Moor, 1408.

[209] Sir Thomas Rokeby (1631?–1699), judge; Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1650; fellow, 1650-1; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1657; ancient, 1676; serjeant-at-law and puisne jndir.- in common pleas, 1689; knighted, 1689; removed to king's bench, 195.

[210] William Rokeby (d. 1521), archbishop of Dublin; doctor of canon law, Oxford; fellow of Kind's Hall, Cambridge: held stall of St. Andrew's at Bev. rl, y. 1503: bishop of Mcath and privy councillor, Ireland, 1507: archbishop of Dublin, 1512-21; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1812.

[211] Gregory de Rokesley (d. 1291), goldsmith and wool merchant; alderman of Dowgate ward, London: sheriff, 1264 and 1270; mayor of London, 1274-81 and 1285; king's chamberlain, 1276; master of exchange throughout England, or chief director of royal mint, 127K; one of representatives of London at parliament hel-l at Shrewsbury to conduct trial of David of Wales, 12K3; dismissel for answering summons to royal commission without robes of office, 1285.

[212] Ambrose Rokewode (1578?–1606). See Rookwood.

[213] John Gage Rokewode (1786-1842), antiquary; educated at Jesuit college, Stonyhurst: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1818; F.S.A., 1818; F.R.S.; director of Society of Antiquaries, 1829 till death; published topographical works relating to Suffolk.

[214] John Rolfe (1586–1622), colonist; sailed from England, 1609, and, having been wrecked on Bermudas, reached Virginia, 1609, and there introduced regular cultivation of tobacco, 1612; married, 16i:i, Pocahontas (1595-1617), the newly converted daughter of Powhattan, overking of Indian tribes from Atlantic coast to falls of the rivers; came, IGlti, to England with his wife, who died, 1617; returned to Virginia, where he died. Pocuhontas was introduced into Ben Jensen's Staple of News (1625).

[215] Henry Rolle (1589?-1656), judge; of Exeter College, Oxford; barrister. I . 1637 and 1638; 1618, S 1665. pribB M

[216] John Rolle (1598-1648), merchant and politician; nM l 5Llf ndon PVciJSSiiS and 1628, and Truro in Short and Long parliaments; his brother of compensation made to him, 1644.

[217] John Rolle, Baron Rolle of Stevenstone (1750-1842), MP, Devonshire, 1780, 1784, and 1790; rtuiinrh adh.Mv,,t,,f Pitt; hero of tin.- Roll lad?; received title of Baron Itolle of Steveustone, 1796.

[218] Richard de Hampole Rolle (1290?-1149), hermit and author; educated at Oxford; took op abode as hermit in a wood at Thornton, his native place In Yorkshire, subsequently establishing himself snccesataly at Dulton, near Rotherham, and Hampole, i where he dial, his grave being said to L lous healing powers. He translated portions of bible into English, and occasionally wrote in the Northumbrian dialect. His works include two Latin ethical treatises, DC Emendatione Vita? and Du Incendio Amorls translated by Richard Misyn in 1434 and 1436 respectively, an English poem,The Prickc of Conscience (printed by Richard Morris for Philological Society, 1863), and an English paraphrase of Psalms and Canticles (Clarendon press, 1884).

[219] Samuel Rolle or Rolls (fl. 1657–1678), divine; of Trinity College, Cambridge: held benefice of Dunton; ejected, 1662; doctor of physic, Cambridge, 1676; chaplain in ordinary to Charles II, 1678; published religious works.

[220] George Rolleston (1829–1881), physician; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1853; Sheppard fellow, 1861-62: studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Louden; M.D., 1857; F.R.C.P., 1859; physician to British civil hospital at Smyrna, 1855-7: assistant-physician, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, 1857; physician to Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and Lee's reader in anatomy at Christ Church, Oxford; Linacre professor of anatomy and physiology, 1860-81; sided with Huxley in dispute with Owen in reference to Darwinian theory; published Forms of Animal Life 1870; F.R,S., 1862; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1872; Harveian orator, Royal College of Surgeons, 1873; published papers and addresses.

[221] Andrew Rollo fifth Baron Rollo (1700–1765), soldier; distinguished himself at Dettingen, 1742. lieutenant-colonel, 1756; served in Louisburg expedition.

[222] Robert Monsey Rolfe, Baron Cranworth (1790-1868), lawyer; of Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1815: fellow of Downing College; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; appointed K.O. and called within bar, 1832: bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1832-9; Ferjeant-otrlaw, 1839; M.P., Penryn and Falmouth, 1832: solicitor-general, 1834, in Melbourne's first administration, and in 18:55, when he was knighted; baron of exchequer; took seat on bench, 1839; comnilsbioner of great seal, 1850; vice-chancellor and privy councillor, 1860; created Baron Cranworth of Cranworth, Norfolk, 1850; one of the first lords justices on creation of court of appeal in chancery, 1851; lord chancellor, 1852; presided over royal commission for consolidation of statutes, 1864; a governor of the Charterhouse, London, 1855; resigned office on Lori Derby's accession to power, 1.858: brought forward Cran worth's! Act for shortening of conveyances, 1860: reappointed lord chancellor on Lord Westbury's retirement, 1865; resigned, 1866.

[223] John Rolland (fl. 1560), Scottish poet : presbyter of diocese of Glasgow; notary at Dalkeith, 1566; wrote Court of Venus (c. 1560) and The Seven Sages (1660), two poems, published probably posthumously. and conquest of Canada, 1768-60: colonel and brigadier general in America, 1760: in West Indies, 1761-2.

[224] John Rollo (d. 1809), surgeon; studied medicine at Edinburgh; surgeon in artillery, 1776: served fh West I in lies; returned to Woolwich as surgeon-general. e. 1781; M.D.; published surgical works.

[225] Sir William Rollo sometimes called Rollock (d. 1645), royalist; captain in General King's lifeguards; major in Montrose's army, 1644; captured by Argyll, but released, it is said, on promise to assassinate Montrose, to whom, however, he disclosed the scheme; taken prisoner at Philiphaugh and executed.

[226] Hercules Rollock (jf. 1577–1619), schoolmaster; brother of Robert Rollock; graduated at St. Andrews; master of high school, Edinburgh, 1684; wrote Latin verses.

[227] Peter Rollock (d. 1626?), Scottish divine and lawyer: passed advocate before 1673; titular bishop of Dunkeld. 1586: extraordinary lord of council, 1687; ordinary lord of session, 1698-1610; accompanied James VI of Scotland to Enu'lund, 1603, and was naturalised; re timed bishopric. 1G06: displaced from privy council and bench UJM but w reared to sent in privy council, 1616, and renppointed extraordinary lord of session, _16 19.

[228] Robert Rollock or Rollok (1555?–1599), divine; brother of Hercules Rollock; M.A. St. Salvator's College,8t. Andrews: p.-oiVssur: examiner of art*, and director of faculty of arts, 1580; first principal f newly founded college, afterwards Edinburgh University 168J till death: professor of theology, 1587: one of three ministers chosen to remonstrate with James VI for hishard dealing with the kirk 1596, but subsequently supported James VI's policy: minister of Upper Tolbooth and of Magdalen Church, afterwards Un-yf riars, Edinburgh, 1598; published theological rri JJ

[229] John Rolph (1793–1870), Canadian politician; bom at Thornbury, Gloucestershire; studied medicine in London; barrister, Inner Temple; went to Canada, 1820; called to bar, 1821: member of assembly for Middlesex, Upoef Canada. 1825: member of executive council, 18S; joined William Lyon Mackenzie in plot against existing government, 1837, and on its failure tied to Russia: returned to Canada on declaration of amnesty, 1843; member of assembly for Norfolk, 1845; retired from political life, 1857.

[230] Sir John Rolt (1804–1871), judge : born at Calcutta apprenticed as woollendraper In London; clerk in DoctorsCommons, 1827; barrister. Inner Temple, 1837; Q.C., 1846; M.P., Western Gloucestershire, 1857-67; appointed attorney-general and knighted, 1866; lord justice of appeal and privy councillor, 1867.

[231] Richard Rolt (1725?–1770), author; held post in excise, but lost it through joining Jacobites, 1745; went to Dublin and subsequently gained living in London by miscellaneous authorship: composed many cantatas and other pieces for Vauxhall, Drury Lane, and other London theatres; engaged with Christopher Smart to write monthly miscellany, The Universal Visitor; published miscellaneous works, including A Dictionary of Trade and Commerce for which Dr. Johnson wrote the preface, 1756.

[232] William Romaine (1714–1795), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1737; chaplain to Sir Daniel Lambert during year of office as lord-mayor of London, 1741; lecturer in united parishes of St. George's, Botolph Lane, London, awl St. Botolph's, Billingsgate, London, 1748; lecturer at St. Duustan's-lu- the- West, London, 1749: additional preacher at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, 1750; professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London: became supporter of Whitefield, 1755, and consequently was compelled to resign lectureship at St. George's; chaplain to Lady Huntingdon; held curacies in London and (1766-95) the living of St. Anne's, Blackfriars; published religious treatises and pamphlets.

[233] William Govett Romaine (1815 - 1893), lawyer; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1859; barrister, Inner Temple, 1839; deputy judge-advocate of army in east, 1854; C.B. and second secretary to admiralty, 1857; judge-advocate-geueral in India, 1869-73; member, 1876, and, later, president of Egyptian Couseil du Trcsor; comptroller-general in Egypt.

[234] George John Romanes (1848-1894), man of science; was born at Kingston, Canada West, 1848, but came with his parents to England at an early age: B.A. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1870: honorary fellow, 1892; Burney prizeman, 1873; formed friendship with Darwin; studied physiology at University College, London, 1874-6; engaged in researches on medusa? and echinoderms; F.R.S., 1879; made investigations respecting mental faculties of animals in relation to those of man, 1881-1; held professorship at Edinburgh, 1886-90; Fnllerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution, 18HH-91; expounded in paper contributed to Linnean Society, 1886, theory of physiological isolation, dealing with the possible evolution of a distinct species from an group of an original species; zoological secretary an Society; incorporated M.A. Oxford; founded B lecture at Oxford, 1891; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen, 1881. HI* publications include Candid Examination of Theism 1878, Animal Intelligence 1881, Mental Evolution in Animals 1888, Mental Evolution in Man 1888, and Darwin and after Darwin 1892.

[235] Bernard Romans (1720?-1784?), oii.L'ini-cr : born in Holland; educated in England; employed by British irovernment as civil engineer in North America; government botanist in East Florida, 1760-71: joined provincials on outbreak of revolution; constructed fortifications of Fork Constitution, 1775; captain of Pennsylvania artillery, 1776; captured by British, 1779. and subsequently practised as engineer in England: Disappeared mysteriously on voyage to New York. 1784; published works on natural history of Florida, history of Netherlands, and other subjects.

[236] Romanus (fl. 624), bishop of Rochester, 621; probably came to Britain us missionary with Augustine.

[237] John Romanus or Le Romeyn, the elder (d. 1255), ecclesiastic; canon of York before l'J18: archdeacon of Richmond, 1211 till c. 1247; treasurer of York, 1247.

[238] John Romanus or Le Romeyn, the younger (d. 1296), divine; son of John Uomumi- the elder; educated at Oxford; prebendary of Lincoln, 1258; chancellor of Lincoln, 1275: professor of theology at Paris; prebendary of York, 1279; archbishop of York, 1285; summoned to render military service against Scotland, 1291; engaged in dispute with Antony Bek I concerning relations of sue of Durham to that of York.

[239] Emma Romer , afterwards Mrs. Almond (1814-1868), vocalist; first appeared at Covent Garden, London, 1830; at English Opera House (Lyceum), London, and later again at Covent Garden, where she gained great reputation, 1835; married George Almond, 1835; took chief parts in opera at Drury Lane, London, 1837; undertook management of Surrey Theatre, London. 1852.

[240] Isabella Frances Romer (d. 1852), miscellaneous writer.

[241] John Lambertus Romer (1680–1754?), engineer; son of Wolfgang William Romer: served in artillery train in Flanders and Spain; ensign, 1708; lieutenant. 1713; engineer at Sheerness, 1715; engineer in charge of northern district and Scotland, 1720; captain, 1739; director of engineers, 1742.

[242] Wolfgang William Romer (1640–1713), military engineer; born at the Hague; entered service of Prince of Orange, whom he accompanied to England, having gained rank of colonel; engineer in Ireland, 16901692; took part in campaigns of 1690 and 1691; chief engineer to ordnance train of Mediterranean expedition, 1693; reported on defences of Guernsey, 1694; as chief engineer, accompanied Lord Bellamont to New York, 1697: fortified Boston harbour, 1701-3; engaged in fortifying Portsmouth, 1708.

[243] Hugh Hastings Romilly (1856-1 892), explorer : of Winchester, Repton, and Christ Church. Oxford; entered mercantile firm in Liverpool; held government appointments in Fiji islands: deputy -commissioner for Western Pacific, 1881; acted as administrator of New Guinea, 1885-6; O.M.G., 1886; deputy-commissioner and consul of New Hebrides and Solomon islands, 1887-90; published topographical works.

[244] John Romilly , first Baron Romilly (1802–1874), lawyer; son of Sir Samuel Romilly: M.A. Trinity Collwrc, Cambridge, 1826; barrister. Gray's Inn. 1827; bencher; liberal M.P., Bridport, 1832-5 and 1846, and Devonport, 1847-52; Q.C., 1843; solicitor-general, 1843: attorney-general, 1850; privy councillor, 1851: master of rolls, 1851-73; created Baron Romilly of Barry, Gloucestershire, 1865.

[245] Joseph Romilly (1791–1864), divine; fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1815; M.A., 1816; took holy orders; opposed catholic emancipation, 1829; registrary of the university, 1832-61; arranged and catalogued all university papers.

[246] Sir Samuel Romilly (1757–1818), law reformer; embraced Rousseau's doctrines at an early age; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1783, treasurer, 1803; made acquaintance of Dumont, the Genevese preacher; exposed several anomalies of criminal law in anonymous Observations on " Thoughts on Executive Justice " 1786: published, 1790, translation of letters by Dumont on events of 1789; K.O., 1800; chancellor of county lala.t.inc of Durham, Isii.".,; solicitor-i." iieral to administnitiun,,f All tlu- Talent-: knighi.-d. 1 ! QueeilborOUgh, sui;-7, Hi.r-ham. 1HI7 nn-eat.-l..n M-tition), Wan-ham, 1808-12, Arundcl,1812,ui IMIH; effected great reform* in ! i cmmii.i inent: favoured tin- emancipation of Kmuan and abolition of.-la very: published 4 Obcrvuticiii- M O-iminul iiwm Kr..i-rworln: com jnitu.il suicide on death ut his wife. His in..: jeared iM.rthumously.

[247] Earl of Romney (1641–1701). See Henry Sidney.

[248] Sir George Rooke (1650–1709), admiral; nephew of Lawrence Kooke txrted revolution of 1888: rear-admiral of red, 16o: took part in battle of Beoch H-*t:, i.x-odmiral of blue, 1693: fought with dUUnctlon In bottle of Bar r: appointed to conTojr outv omuUtlug of KngU*h and Dut treated before French fleet off Cape St. Vincent, losing many merchant Si HI

[249] George Romney (1734–1802), painter: son of a builder and cabinet-maker of Dalton-in-Fi l.prcnr,-,,!. 1755, to Edward Steak (d. 1760?). a jwrtruit-paintcr then at Kendal: married Mar. 1756: started independently a* portrait-painter at Kcndul; come to London, leaving hU wife, from whom he remained separated, 1762; perhaps gained prize from N Arts for picture Death of General Wolfe 1763; studied in Paris, 1701; gained second premium, fifty u'nin. M-, from Society of Arts for Death of King Edmund, 1 17r,5; visited Italy, 1772: made acquaintance of William Hayley , whose friend he remained till death: copied various works, Including Raphael's Transfiguration then the altar-piece of San Pietro in Montorio; settled nt 3 1 CavendMi Square, London: patronised by Duke of Richmond, Georiana, duchess of Devonshire, and other I'a-hionablc sitters: professional rival of Reynold-, who .-Lowed him marked hostility, between 1783 and 17W be produced many Krtraits and sketches of Emma Hart, Afterwards Lady Hamilton, and after her marriage lie painted her with her child in the picture known as -The Sempstress visited Paris, 1790: contributed thr.v -orks to Uoydell's Shakespeare Gallery 1791, a project wliich he warmly supported. His portrait (17s-. i- in the National Portrait Gallery.

[250] John Romney (1758–1832), son of George Romney; M.A. and fellow, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1785; H.D., 1792: non-resident rector of Southen. 17ss1799; rector of Thurgarton and Cockley Clay, 1804; published memoir of his father, the painter, 1830.

[251] John Romney (1786–1863), engraver.

[252] Peter Romney (1743–1777), painter: brother of George Romney, to whom he was apprenticed at Kendal: made various efforts to establish connection a* portrait-painter, but was unsuccessful in consequence of liia irregular habits.

[253] Sir William Romney (d. 1611), governor of Merchant Adventurers Company; incorporator and one of first directors of East India Company; governor, 1606: alderman of London, 1602, sheriff, 1603: knighted, 1603: (actively promoted expeditions to discover North-west Passage, 1601 and 1610.

[254] Edmund Ronalds (1819–1889), chemist : n-pl.ew of Sir Francis Ronalds; studied on continent: 1'h.D. Giessen; lecturer in chemistry at St. Mary's and Middlesex Hospitals; professor of chemistry. Queen's College, Galway, 1849-50; director of TJonnington chemival works, 1850-78; published writings.

[255] Sir Francis Ronalds (1788–1873). el-trii-ian nnd meteorologist; studied practical electricity under Jean André de Luc; made experiments (1810) which resulted in invention of a telegraphic instrument based on principle of synchronously revolving discs; published an account of the invention, 1823: invented and patented i perspective tracing instrument, 1825: honorary director and superintendent, Meteorological Observatory, Kew, 1843-52: F.R.S., 1844: devised system of automatic registration for meteorological instruments by means of photography, 1844-5; subsequently lived chieHy on continent; knighted, 1871; left valuable library of electrical works containing some manuscripts by himself.

[256] Joseph Philip Ronayne (1822–1876), engineer; . ntcred office of Sir John Benjamin McNeill, civil * ntfineer, of London and Glasgow: subsequently engaged ;n many railway and hydraulic enterprises in British islands and in California; M.LO.E., 1856; M.P., Cork, 1872-6. 40M of MM and lor!..:.. .,,.,:.,., M.F., I fleet in Sound to rapport Ob LTOQ Oadix expedition of BngUah ami Dntohthlpa, 1703: failed Spanish fleet at Vigo; returned to KngUnd: privy oillor: commauiler-in-chief of grand fleet, 1703; captured (Jibniltnr: engaged French fleet in battle off Gibraltar, which, though indecUlre. resulted in retreat of French: returned to England, and owing to party prejudice wu superseded in command.

[257] Sir Giles Rooke (1743-1808), judge; educated at Harrow and St. John's College, OxfordTM.A 1766; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1 766-84; barriiiter, Lincoln's Inn. 1766; king's serjeaut, 1793: knighted and appointed to puisne judgeship of common pleas, 1781.

[258] John Rooke (1780–1856), writer on political economy and geology; originally a farmer; studied political economy and became zealous advocate of free trade.

[259] Lawrence Rooke (1622–1662), astronomer; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1648; M.A., 1647: fellow commoner, Wadham College, Oxford, 16W); profes.or of astronomy, 1652-7, and of geometry, 1W7-6*, i ire.-ham College, London: assisted in formation of Royal Society; published astronomical works, and left similar writin'trs which appeared posthumously.

[260] William Michael Rooke (1794–1847), musician; born at Dublin, where he worked with his father, a tradesman: deputy-leader at Dublin Theatre Hoyal18l7; went to London: perhaps director at English opera, Drury Lane, London. 1821; produced his most successful opera, Auiilic at Oovcnt Garden, London, 1837.

[261] Edward Rooker (1718?–1774), engraver in London; became celebrated for architectural plates: exhibited, 1760-8, at Incorporated Society of Artists, of which he was an original member.

[262] Michael Rooker , called Michael Angelo (1743–1801), engraver and painter: son of Edward Hooker, under whom and Paul Sandby he studied: A.K.A., 1770; contributed plates to Kean-ley's Copper-Plate Magazine (1776-7) and other publications: scene-painter at Haymarket Theatre, Iondon: exhibited water-colour landscapes at Itoyal Academy,

[263] Ambrose Rookwood or Rokewode (1578?-1606), conspirator: educated in Flanders, whither his family, who were Roman catholics, hod tied from persecution; succeeded to his father's -tati- at Manningneld, 1600: indicted for recusancy, 1605: joined Robert Catesby in gunpowder plot; arrested at Holbeach, and executed at Old Palace Yard, Westminster, with Winter, Keys, and Fawkes.

[264] Ambrose Rookwood (1664–1696), Jacobite; brigadier under James II; executed at Tyburn.

[265] Henry Room (1802–1850), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1826.

[266] Edward Roome (d. 1729), song-writer: brought up as lawyer; solicitor to treasury. 1728; aroused by his writings enmity of Pope, who satirised htm in Dunctad; wrote some songs in Jovial Crew produced at Drury Lane, London, 1731.

[267] David Rooth (1573-1650). See Rothe.

[268] Abel Roper (1665–1726), tory journalist; apprenticed as publisher in London, and subsequently set up business independently: said to hare been first printer of Lilliburlero; imprisoned on charge of aiding revolutionary conspirators by his publication?, 1696; started, 1695, Post Boy tory newspaper, with which he was count-etui till c. 1714.

[269] Margaret Roper (1505-1544), daughter of Sir Thomas More; married William Roper, e. 1W5: according to Stnpleton, privately purchased the head of her dead father a month after it had been expand on London bridge, and preserved it in spices till her death: burial in Chelsea church. An ancient leaden box dbcorered in the Roper vault at St. Dunstan's church, Canterbury, where her husband was buried, was opened in June 1*21, and contained a head which was sfumed to be More.

[270] Roper Stote Donnison Roper (1771–1823?), legal writer: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1799; his works include Treatise upon Law of Legacies 1799.

[271] Samuel Roper (d. 1658), antiquary; hided Dugdale in his history of Warwickshire; probably served as colonel in parliamentary army.

[272] William Roper (1496–1578), biographer of Sir Thomas More; held jointly with his father, and afterwards alone, till 1577, clerkship of pleas of court of king's bench; married, 1525, Margaret see ROPER, M AKi. U;KT, daughter of Sir Thomas More, whose biography lie subsequently compiled (published, Paris, 1626); M.P., Bramber, 1529, Rochester, 1545 and 1554, Winchelsea, 1*53, Canterbury, 1555 and 1558; summoned before privy council for sympathy with Roman catholics, 1568, but discharged on bond for his good behaviour,

[273] Rory or Rury Oge. (d. 1578). See Rory O'More.

[274] Rory O'MORE (ft. 1C20-1652). See O'More.

[275] Baron Ros of Hamlake (d. 1543). See Thomas Manners.

[276] John de Ros or Rosse (d. 1332), bishop of Carlisle; prebendary of Hereford: archdeacon of Salop before 1308 till 1318; papal chaplain and auditor, c. 1317; canon of Wells and Salisbury, c. 1318; bishop of Carlisle, 1325-32.

[277] John de Ros, Baron Ros (d. 1338), admiral; second son of William de Ros; in Edward Il's household, r. 1322; joined Queen Isabella, 1326; seneschal of Edward Ill's household; joint-admiral of fleets in Thames awl northwards, 1337.

[278] Robert de Ros (. 1227), surnamed Furfan, baron; bailiff and castellan of Bonueville-snr-Touques, Lower Normandy, 1195: sent with others by King John to arrange meeting with William the Lion, c. 1199; received grant of lauds in Northumberland, including Wark, where he built a castle, 1200; assumed temporarily the monastic habit, 1212; joined barons against King John, c. 1215; excommunicated by Innocent IV, 1216; one of last barons who continued resistance: submitted to Henry III; witnessed thinl issue of Great Charter, 1226; again took monastic habit, c. 1227; married Isabella, daughter of William the Lion.

[279] Robert de Ros, Baron Ros of Wark (d. 1274), son of Robert de Ros (d. 1227); justice itinerant, 1284: marshal of household to Henry III; one of guardians of Alexander Ill's queen, Margaret, daughter of Henry III, 1252; deprived of lands for cruelty to Margaret, e. 1255; joined barons in civil war, c. 1263.

[280] William de Ros, second Baron Ros (d. 1317), born before 1260; son of Robert de Ros, first baron Ros of Helmsley or Hamlake (d. 1285), nephew of Robert de Ron (d. 1274); accompanied Edward I to Wales, 1277; one of claimants to Scottish crown, 1291, but withdrew claim: served in Gascony, 1297; joinudefender of Northumberland against Scots, 1307.

[281] Carl August Nicholas Rosa (1843-1889), musician; born at Hamburg, his surname being Rose studied at Leipzig and Paris; formed Carl Rosa Opera Company in London, 1875, when he changed his name to Bwa; subsequently played successfully at many theatres.

[282] Thomas Rosa (1575?–1618). See Thomas Ross.

[283] Rosamund the Fair (d. 1176?). See Rosamund Clifford.

[284] Nicholas Roscarrock (1549?–1634?), poetical writer; B.A. (? Exeter College), Oxford, 156S; entered Inner Temple, 1572; imprisoned in Tower of London as Roman catholic, 1680-6. and in Fleet, London, 1594; lived nt Haworth Castle from 1607; contributed verses toTottell's edition of John Bossewell's Workes of Armorie * (1572) and other publications.

[285] Henry Roscoe (1800-1836), biographer; son of William Roscoe; articled as solicitor in Liverpool, 1817; barrister, Inner Temple, 1826; his works include life of William Roscoe (1833).

[286] Thomas Roscoe (1791–1871), author and translator; eon of William Roscoe; published miscellaneous writings,

[287] William Roscoe (1763–1831), historian; assisted his father in market-gardening; articled as attorney at Liverpool: admitted attorney of court of king's bench, 1774: retired from profession and devoted himself to literary studies; engaged as partner and manager m banking business in Liverpool, 1799; studied botany; F.L.S., 1805; whig M.P. for Liverpool, 1806-7; lost money owing to run on and subsequent suspension of payment by his bank, 1816: promoter and first president of Liverpool Royal Institution, 1817; was declared bankrupt, 1820, and provided for by benevolence of friends. His works includeLife of Lorenzo deMedici 1795, Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth 1805; an edition of Pope's works and several volumes of verse, includingThe Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast 1807 (now a children's classic). He formed collection of books and prints, part of which went, after his pecuniary disaster, to the Liverpool Athenaeum.

[288] William Caldwell Roscoe (1823–1859), poet and essayist: son of William Stanley Roscoe; educated at University College, London; graduated, London, 1843; called to bar, 1850; works include two tragedies..

[289] William Stanley Roscoe (1782–1843), minor poet; son of William Roscoe; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; partner in his father's bank.

[290] Earl of Roscommon (1633?–1685). See Wentworth Dillon.

[291] Alexander Rose or Ross (1647?–1720). See Ross.

[292] Caleb Burrell Rose (1790–1872), geologist: apprenticed as surgeon; studied medicine at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London; F.R.C.S., 1846; published writings on Norfolk geology.

[293] George Rose (1744–1818), statesman : educated at Westminster School; entered navy; served principally in West Indies; left navy, 1 762; clerk in record office of exchequer; secretary to board of taxes, 1777; secretary to treasury during Shelburue's ministry, 1782-3. and during Pitt's ministry, 1784-1801: M.P., Launceston, 1784; appointed for life master of pleas in court of exchequer: M.P., Lymington, 1788, and Christchurch, 1790-1818; privy councillor, 1802: vice-president of board of trade and joint-paymaster-general during Pitt's second administration, 1804-6; vice-president of board of trade and treasurer of navy, 1807-12; deputy-warden of New Forest, 1808; subsequently again treasurer of navy; wrote chiefly on financial subjects. xlix. 226}

[294] Sir George Rose (1782–1873), judge: of humblte parentage; educated at Westminster and Peterhouse and! Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1835; barrister, Inner Temple, 1809; K.C. and bencher of his inn, 1827; reader, 1834, and treasurer, 1835; appointed judge of court of review and knighted, 1831; master in chancery, 1840-58: F.R.S., 1834; F.G.S.: first chairman of Law Life Insurance Society, 1844; published legal writings.

[295] George Rose (1817–1882), dramatist, novelist, and humorous entertainer: clerk in custom house; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1841: M.A., 1848; held curacies at Camberwell and Christ Church, Hoxton; assistantreader at Temple; joined Roman catholic church, 1865-: adopted literary career and produced several suecessfuf dramatic pieces; contributed, under pseudonym Arthur 8ketchley toRoutledge's Annual 1866, and subsequently to Fun," monologue* of Mrs. Hro MI. which were published in book form: afterwards toured rouu I tinworld as public entertainer.

[296] Sir George Henry Rose (1771–1865), diplomatist: son of George Rose (1744-1818 ) q. v.); M. -. John's College, Cambridge. 1795; held diplomatic Appointmi-lit at the Hague, 179?, and Berlin, 1798-4: M.P.. Southampton, 17J4 1813; deputy paymaster-general of land forces, 1806; British minister at Munich, 1813, and Berlin, 1816; M.P., Chri-t.-l.nrch, 1H18 4J; privy oouncillor, 1818; published religious pamphleU and other writing!,

[297] Henry John Rose (1800–1871), theologian: educated at St. Peter's and St. John College*, Cambridge; M.A., 1884: B.D.. 1831: fellow of St. John's Ool'ege, Cambridge, 1824-38; B.I). Oxford, 1861: minister of St. Edward's, Cambridge, 1832-3; Hulsean lecturer, 1833; rector of Houghton onquo 1837-73; archdeacon of Bedford, 1866-73: puhlishtl rvlik'ious works, and assisted his brother, Hugh Jama Rose (1796-1838).ln many publications; one of revisers of authorised Old Testament,

[298] Hugh Henry Rose, Baron Strathnairn (1801-1886), field-marshal; born and educated at Berlin: enKiirn, 1R20: major, 1826: lieutenant-colonel, 1839: selected, 1840, for special service in Syria, against Mehemet All's Egyptian army: deputy adjutant-general to Omar Paslia; colonel (local rank) and commander of British deUchments in Syria; consul-general for Syria, 1841: secretary of embassy at Constantinople and brevet-colonel, 1861; charge d'affaires in place of Sir Stratford Canning, 1862: appointed, on declaration of war against Russia by England and France, queen's commissioner at headquarters of French Commander-in-chief, with local rank of brigadier-general; served at Alma and Inkerman: majorgeneral, 1864; K.C.B., 1855; commander of legion of honour; volunteered for service in India, 1857; took RAthgarh and Garhakota, relieved Sagar, and captured important pass of Maltun, 1858; defeated Tantia Topi; took Kunch and Kalpl: won victory at Moriir: retook Gwuliar; resigned command to Napier and took command at Bombay of Puna division; G.O.B. ami colonel, lieutenant-general and commander-in-chief of Bombay army, and, later, commauder-in-chief in India, with local rank of general, 1860; K.O.S.I., 1861: G.O.S.I., 1866; returned to England, 1864: D.O.L. Oxford, 1865; commander of forces in Ireland, 1866-70: created Baron Strathnalrn of Strathnairn and Jansl, 1866; president of army transport committee; general, 1867: colonel, royal horse guards, 1869; hon. LL.D. Dublin, 1870; field-marshal, 1877.

[299] Hugh James Rose (1795–1838), theologian; brother of Henry John Rose: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1817; frequently select preacher at Cambridge between 1825 and 18:!4: prebenlnry of Chichester, 18271833; perpetual curate of St. Thomas's, Southwark, 18381838; foundedBritish Magazine... of Ecclesiastical Information 1832: professor of divinity at Durham, 1833-4: principal of King's College, London, 1836: left England for his health; died at Fiesole. He engaged in many literary undertakings, including Encyclopedia Metropolitana which he edited from 1836. Row's New Biographical Dictionary (12 vols., 1840-8), prelected by him, was edited by others after his death.

[300] Hugh James Rose (1840–1878), military chaplain; son of Henry John Rose: M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1867; held several posts as military chapiain: Times correspondent in Spain; published works on Spain.

[301] John (?) Augustus Rose or Auguste (1757-1841), usher to the French national convention in 1793; perhaps born in Scotland; said to have served in American war; usher to French national assembly, c. 1790; was entrusted with duty of arresting two brothers Robespierre and their comrades, 1794, and had to escape after executing his mission, but returned later; attached to French chamber of peers, 1814.

[302] Sir John Rose (1820–1888), Canadian statesman born in Aberdeenshire; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; went to Canada, 1836; called to bar of Lower Canada, 1842; Q.C., 1848: member for Montreal, 1867 solicitor-general for Lower Canada, 1857; minister of public works 1868-41: t London conference on Canadian federation, 1*67; privy :..r and first minister of finance for Dominion: resigned office and settled in England, e. 186* : rivy councillor, 1886; receiver-general for l of Lancaster, 188S.

[303] Samuel Rose (1767–1804), friend of Oowper: son of William Rose: educated at Glasgow; barrister. Lincoln Inn, 1796; counsel to Duke of Kent; aalsteJ Cowper after 1787; edited legal and other works.

[304] William Rose (1719–1786), translator; educated at Mariscbal College. Aberdeen: conducted school at Ke w, in.l, from 1758, at Chi* wick; published translations from Sallust (1767).

[305] William Stewart Rose (1775–1848), poet ; too of George Rose (1744-1818); educated at Eton; M.P., Chrlstchurch, 1796, Chlltero Hundred*. 1800: read .-k of House of Lords and clerk of private com . 1800-24: formal friendship with Scott, 1803; travelled on continent, 1814-18. His publications include a rhymed translation from the Amadis of Herbemy dec Essarts (1803) and a metrical version of Ariosto (1823-3l,

[306] Earls of Rosebery. See PRIMROSE, ARCHIBALD, first EARU 1661-1723; PIUMKO.HK, ARCHIBALD JOHN, fourth EARL, 1783-1868.

[307] Daniel Roseinorave (1655?–1727), musician: organist at Winchester Cathedral, 1681-92, Sal'sbury Cathedral, 1692-1700, and St. Patrick's and Christchurch Cathedrals, Dublin, from 1698; wrote vocal music.

[308] Ralph Rcbeingrave (1695–1747) organist; son of Daniel Roseingrave; succeeded bis father at Dublin, 1727.

[309] Thomas Roseinorave (1690?–1755?), musician; brother of Ralph Roseingrave; studied harpsichord under Domenico Scarlatti in Italy; organist of St. George's, Hanover Square, London, 1725-37: for some time a successful teacher. His compositions include sonatas, fugues, and three anthems.

[310] Friedrich August Rosen (1806-1837), Sanskrit scholar: born in Hanover; studied at Leipzig, Berlin, and Paris; profe-wor of oriental languages at University College, London, 1888-30, of Sanskrit, 18J6: prepared text and Latin translation of the Rigveda (vol. i. published, 1838).

[311] George Frederic Rosenberg (1825–1869), painter; associate of Old Water-colour Society.

[312] Philip Rosenhagen (1737?–1798), divine; of St. Paul's School, London, and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1763; Platt fellow, 1761-71; rector of Mountnessing: military chaplain; retired to continent owing to gambling excesses, r. 1770-80; rector of Little Easton, 1781: archdeacon of Colombo, where he died; wrote in Wilkes's cause and claimed authorship of Junius in hopes of getting pension to cease writing.

[313] Samuel Rosewell (1679-1722), divine; son of Thomas Rosewell: ordained, 1706: lecturer at Founders* Hall, Lothbury, London, 1718-19.

[314] Thomas Rosewell (1630–1698), nonconformist minister; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1651: rector of Uoude, 1653. and of Sutton-Mandeville, 1667; ejected, 1662; chaplain to Lady Hungerford, 1663-71, and to Philip Wharton, fourth baron Wharton, 1674: presbyterian minister at Rotberhithe, 1674: arrested on false charge of treasonable preaching, 1684; found guilty by Judge Jeffreys, but discharged on bail; published pamphlets,

[315] James Rosier (1576–1636), voyager : sailed with Bartholomew Gosnofcl to New England, MM. and with George Weymouth, 1606. Published account of latter voyage.

[316] Baron Rosmead (1824–1897). See Hercules George Robert Robinson.

[317] Dukk of Ross (1476?-1604). See James Stewart.

[318] Ross nuo. I MM.- OK. See MArnoNAi.n. INAI.I, ninth Vu-i 14901 MAI IIMNAI.P, Ai.KXANM'Ki:, tnith KAKI., M v, -I...VAI.I.. JOHN, eleventh KAKI.,. 149S V ROSS, MOTUKR (1M7-1739). See DAVIES, CHIUS

[319] Alexander Ross (1591–1654), divine; educated , at King College, Aberdeen: schoolmaster at Southampton, 1616: chaplain, c. 1622, to Charles I, who presented him to vicarage of Carisbrooke: published, in Latin and English, poetical and other works. He is mentioned in Hndibras, pt. i. canto ii.

[320] Alexander Ross or Rose (1647?-1720), Scottish divine; M.A., King's College, Aberdeen, 1667; minister at Old Church, Perth, 1672-83: professor of divinity at Glasgow, 1683: D.D. and principal of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews: bishop of Moray, 1687: bishop of Edinburgh, 1688: refused allegiance to William and Mary: deprived by act abolishing episcopacy, 1689; pursued policy of consecrating bishops without jurisdiction,

[321] Alexander Ross (1699–1784), Scottish poet; M.A. Marischal College, Abenieen, 1718; schoolmaster, 1732-84, at Lochlee, Angus, where he was also session clerk, precentor, ami notary public; published volume of veree containing The Fortunate Shepherdess 1768, and ! left poetical manuscripts.

[322] Alexander Ross (1742–1827), general; ensign, 1760; captain, 1775: served in American war; aide-decamp, 1780, to Cornwallis, whose intimate friend he became; major, 1780: served in India; colonel, 1793; sur- i veyor-general of ordnance, 1795; general, 1812; governor of Fort George.

[323] Alexander Ross (1783–1856), fur trader; born in Nairnshire: emigrated to Canada, 1805: accompanied Pacific Fur Company's expedition to Oregon, 1810-12; joim-d (1813) North- West Company, to whom Astoria (founded, 1811) had been made over by Pacific Company, and received command of Oakinacken; commanded fort of Nez Perces, 1818; joined Hudson Bay Company, 1821; settled in Red River settlement, and subsequently took prominent part in its organisation; published topographical works.

[324] Andrew Ross (1773–1812), colonel; ensign, 1789; captain of an independent company of foot, 1792: served in Ireland: major, 1794; aide-de-camp to Sir Hew Whitefoord Dalrymple, 1795-7; lieutenant-colonel, 1800; at Gibraltar, 1802; active in suppressing mutiny; colonel and aide-de-camp to George III, 1809.

[325] Arthur Ross (d. 1704), Scottish divine : educated j at St. Andrews; minister of Kinernie; signed declaration of synod of Abenieen in favour of establishing episcopacy, 1C60; bishop of Argyll, 1675, and of Galloway, 1679; i archbishop of Glasgow, 1679, and of St. Andrews, 1684; favoured toleration of Roman catholics, 1686; refused allegiance to William III; deprived of see by act abolishing episcopacy, 1689; published sermons.

[326] David Ross (1728–1790), actor: educated at Westminster; played in Dublin, 1749; engaged by Garrick at Drury Lane, London, 1751-6, and achievedconsiderable popularity, his parts including Buckingham Henry VIII), Banquo, and Edgar ( Lear): at Covent Garden, Ixuidoii, 1757-67, playing Othello, Hamlet, and other Shakespearean characters; patentee and manager of a theatn- in Kdinburgh, 1767; reappeared at Covent Garden, London, 1770; last appeared, 1778.

[327] George Ross (1814–1863), legal writer; grandson of Sir John Lockhart Ross; called to Scottish bar, 1835; professor of Scots law, Edinburgh University, 1861.

[328] Sir Hew Dalrymple Ross (1779–1868), field-marshal; cadet at Woolwich, 1793; sub-lieutenant, royal artillery, 1796; captain-lieutenant and adjutant at Woolwich, 180:;; captain, 1806; commandedChestnuttroop in Peninsula, 1809-14; brevet-major, 1811; in Waterloo campaign, 1814-15; lieutenant-colonel, 1825; commanded royal artillery in northern district under Sir John BY UK (afterwards fxml Strafford), 1828: held delegated command in four northern counties of the district; coloiu-1, 07: depmy adjutant-general of artillery at headquarters, -4; lieutcnant-areneral of ordnance, 1854; prepared artillery for rrinira: trenoral, 1854; on comma ndor-i nchtef 8 staff as adjutant-general of artillery, 18S5-8;G.OJB 1855; field-marshal and UeutenantgbventOT of Chelsea Hospital, 1868.

[329] Horatio Ross (1801–1886), sportsman; joined light dragoons, 1819; retired with rank of captain, 1826; M.l. Aberdeen boroughs, 1881, and Montrose, 1832-4; captain of Scottish team in match for Elcho Shield, 1862, and took part in the match five times; published, 1880, introduction to Macrae's Deerstalking.

[330] James Ross (1835–1871), chief-justice of Manitoba; son of Alexander Ross (1783-1856); educated at Toronto University; took part in administration of Manitoba (Red River Settlement); chief -justice, 1870.

[331] James Ross (1837–1892), physician; M.D. Aberdeen, 1864; practised at Newchurch, Rossendale; removed, 1876, to Manchester, where he became pathologist to the infirmary, assistant-physician, 1878, and physician, 1888; F.R.C.P., 1882; professor of medicine, Owens College. Manchester, 1887; published Treatise on Diseases of Nervous System 1881.

[332] Sir James Clark Ross (1800–1862), rear-admiral ; entered navy, 1812; lieutenant, 1822; accompanied Sir William Edward Parry in voyages in 1819-20, 1821-3, 1824-5, and 1827; commander, 1827; accompanied Felix Booth expedition, 1829-33, and discovered magnetic pole, 1831; post-captain, 1834; employed on magnetic survey of United Kingdom, 1838; commanded expedition for geographical discovery in Antarctic, 1839-43; published account of voyage, 1847; gold medallist, geographical societies, London and Paris, 1842; knighted, 1843; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1844; held command in expedition to relieve Franklin, 1848-9; rear-admiral; F.R.S., 1828.

[333] John Ross (1411?–1491). See Rous.

[334] John Ross or Rosse (1719–1792), bishop of Exeter : M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1744; incorporated at Oxford, 1744; D.D. Cambridge, 1756; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1744-70; preacher at the Rolls, and king's chaplain, 1757: held benefice of Frome, 17601792; canon of Durham, 1769-78; bishop of Exeter, 1778; F.R.S., 1758; edited Cicero's Letters 1749.

[335] John Ross (1763–1837), musician; organist of St Paul's Episcopal Church, Aberdeen, 1783-1836; composed pianoforte and vocal pieces.

[336] Sir John Ross (1777–1856), Arctic navigator: brother of Andrew Ross: entered service of East India Company, 1794; lieutenant in navy, 1805; commander, 1812; in Baltic and North Sea, 1812-17: went in search of North- West Passasre, 1818 and 1829-33, when Boothia peninsula, Kins? William Land, and Gulf of Boothia were surveyed; post-captain, 1818: K.C.B., 1834; published accounts of voyages, 1819 and 1835; gold medallist, geographical societies of London and Paris, 1834; consul at Stockholm, 1839-46; went on unsuccessful private expedition in search of Franklin, 1850; rearadmiral; published works on nautical subjects.

[337] John Ross (1800?–1865?). See Dix.

[338] Sir John Lockhart Ross (1721–1790), vice-admiral; son of Sir James Lockhart: entered navy, 1735; commander, 1755: post-captain, 1756: in Channel, 1756-7; in North Sen, Channel, and Quiberon Bay, 1758-60: assumed name of Ross on succeeding to Ross estate of Balnagowan, 1760; M.P., Lanark boroughs, 1761: rear-admiral, 1779: served in Channel, North Sea, and Mediterranean, 1779-82; vice-admiral, 1787.

[339] John Merry Ross (1833–1883), Scottish writer; LL.D. Glasgow, 1874; sub-editor of Chambers*Encyclopaedia 1859; a work by him onScottish History and Literature appeared posthumously (1884).

[340] John Wilson Ross (1818–1887), author; born at Belmout, St. Vincent; educated at King's College, London; secretary to vendue-master of Berbice, British Guiana: subsequently engaged in literary work in London; published Tacitus and Bracciolini: the Annals forged in Fifteenth century 1878, and other works in prose and verse.

[341] Patrick Ross (1740?–1804), practitioner-engineer and ensign in corps of engineers, 1758; lieutenant, 1760; Kiiiflnecr extraordinary ami captain-liciitt mint, 1763; Ii-uttMiant-coloncl and chief engineer at M;idra-. 177(1; member of L'ovcrnor's council; chief emrimvr in campaigns against Tan tore, 1771-5: reconstruct,-!.ln.-nc.-s oi,,n i, accompanied Commodore Johustonu's abortive expedition aMinst Dutch settlements at Cape of Good Hope, 17-1. accompaniiil Major-i inn-nil Muart's army aruliut Tipu, sultan of Malsur, 17*3; colonel in company's service, 17*::; joined army under Corn vallis acting against Tipu, 1791-2 nt siege of Scringapatam, 1792: in England, 1793-5; brevet colonel iu India, 1794, and in army, 1796: niaior-k'eneral, 1797; superintended at M.dras engineering operations in campaigns of 1798 and 1799: returnol to England; retired, 1803; M.P., Tfimiilll 1801-4.

[342] Robert Ross (1766–1814), soldier: educated at Trinity College, Dublin; ensign, 1789; captain and major, 1795; as major in 10th foot served in Holland under Duke of York, 1799: brevet lleutenant-colond, IHul:.., Italy, 1806; greatly assisted iu defeat of French at Malda; lieutenant-colonel of 10th, 18O8: with Sir John Mo..r. m Ooruna campaign, 1808: at Walcheren, 1809; brevet colonel and akie-de-camp to George III, 1810; again in Peninsula, 1811; commanded expeditionary force, in cooperation with Admiral Sir A. Coehranc, rent rgifarH coasts of United States. 1814; won buttle of Bludeit.nnr and took Washington, 24 Aug. 1814: died from wound received at Baltimore. A monument to him is in St. Paul's Cathedral; the name Ross of Bladeusburg was given to bis widow aud descendants.

[343] Sir Robert Dalrtmple Ross (1828–1887), Australian statesman: Ixirn at St. Vincent; educated in England; clerk in commissariat department in Crimea. 1855: senior commissariat officer at Capo Coast Castle, 1856-9: deputy assistant-commissary-general, 1858; served in China, 1860, in South Australia, 1862, New Zealand, 1864-5: returned to England, 1869: commissary -general 1870; retired to South Australia, 1H71: member of asaembly, 1875, speaker, 1881; knighted, 1886.

[344] Thomas Ross (1575?–1618), Scottish divine; M.A. Edinburgh, 1595; minister at Gargill, Perthshire, 1606: went to Oxford, c. 1615, and being in destitution and perhaps crazed, affixed, 1618, a libellous Latin thesis on door of St. Mary's church; tried aud executed at Edinburgh,

[345] Thomas Ross (d. 1675), translator: B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1642; adhered to Charles II in exile: keeper of Charles IPs library, 1661: M.A. Oxford, 1663; secretary to Henry Coventry (1619-1686) on embassy to Swedish court, 1663; published a translation from Silius I talicus, and other writings.

[346] William Ross, twelfth Baron Ross of Hawkhead (1656 7-1738), took part in opposition to covenanters, c. 1679: major nnder Graham of Claverhousc, 1683; made member of Scottish privy council, 1686, but dismissed by James II; supported claims of William and Mary at the revolution; temporarily imprisoned on charge of connection with Montgomery plot, 1690; apiminted, after Queen Anne's , lord high commissioner to church of Scotland: commissioner for the union.

[347] William Ross (1762–1790), Gaelic poet; schoolmaster at Gairloch; two volumes of his poems were published posthumously.

[348] Sir William Charles Ross (1794–1860), miniature-painter: studied at Royal Academy, 1808: assistant to Andrew Robertson, c. 1814; patronised by English and other royal families: R.A., 1842; obtained extra premium in Westminster Hall competition, 1843. His miniatures include portraits of Queen Victoria, Duchess of Kent, Prince Albert, and Queen Adelaide.

[349] Eari Rosse .H OK. See PARSONS, SIR LAWUKNTK, second EARL, 1768-1841; PARSONS, WILLIAM, third EARL, 1800-1867.

[350] John de Rosse (d. 1332). See Ros.

[351] Philip Rosseter (1575?–1623), lutenist: one of James I's musicians, c. 1604; joint-patentee of company ofChildren of the Revels to the Queen 1610; published books of music and instruction for lute and other instruments.

[352] Christina Georgina Rossetti (1830-1894), poet; M*W: -,-t..,.,! London: her tint mini IStti MlMM Mi nymEllen Aileyne I860; pabHsbsdGoblin ( I,, r !--t MrfObl Soug (nnmry rhymes). 1871, and ,;,,. v.; printed pi mm* Market ). ! -;....-::u votional literature; for many year* an Invalid.

[353] Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), painter and poet; son of Gabriele Rossetti. who can* to England, and poet; sou of Gabriele Rossetti. who cam* t ltN,ml VMfMtaMVd lt:,l,..n. KmgVi oil,.1881; educated at King's CoU*re,Loadon, studied drawing nnder John 8eU Cotman: adopted published in 1861 trait Retro me Sathana* and stndieil painting under Ford art as profewion, 1841; itudted at Royal Academy, 1M46: begun, 1846, translation* from Dante and oontemporariM. published in 1861; wroteBteaMd Damoari "The PorTbe Oboiee e. 147: Brawn. 1848: met linan Hunt, und Millaia. and founded preRaphaeiite aclMol of painting: exhibitedGirlhood of Mary Virgin 1849; lived at 14 Chatham Place, Blackfriar* Bridge, London, from 1869; gained patronage of Rmkin. who had defeiid.-d pre-Raphaelite in "The Time; made acquaintance of Sir Edward liunie-Jones, Mr. Swinburne, ami William Morris; between 1850 and 1860 painted move of his best works, including the illustration* to the Vita N no va; married, 1860, Elizabeth Eleanor Sid.lal i.. 1861): removed to Tudor House, C'heyne Walk, where be lived with his brother (W. M. RossettiX Mr. Swinburne, ami Mr. George Meredith: painted Beata Beatrix,* * Manna Yanno and other famous pictures, chiefly single figures; published Poems 1870: suffered from neuralgia and consequent insomnia, ami became enslaved to habit of taking chloral; his last great picture, Dante's Dream painted 1869-71: published Ballads and Sonnets 1881. His portrait by his own hand is in the National Portrait Gallery.

[354] Lucy Madox Rossetti (1843 1894), painter: daughter of Ford Madox Brown, under whom she studied; married W. M. lUwactti, 1874.

[355] Maria Francesca Rossetti (1827–187GJ. author of * A Shadow of Dante 1871; sister of Dante Gabriel Rossctti; published religious works; entered Anglican sisterhood at All SaintsHome, Margaret Street, London, 1874.

[356] John Charles Felix Rossi (1761–1839), sculptor: studied, 17x1. at Royal Academy, where he gained a travllinir studentship and went to Rome, 17851788; ILA., 1802: sculptor to prince-regent aud William IV; executed many monuments in St. Paul's Cathedral.

[357] R088LTK, EARLS op. See WEDDERBURN, ALEXANDER, first Earl, 1733-1805: EIUKIXK, Sm JAMES ST. CLAIR, second EARL, 1762 1837.

[358] Richard Rosso (fl. 1238-1259). See Richard of Cornwall.

[359] Reinhold Rost (1822-1896), orientalist; born at Eisenburg, Saxen-Altenburg: Ph J). Jena, 1847; oriental lecturer at St. Augustine's Missionary College, Canterbury, 1861-96: secretary to Royal Asiatic Society, 1863; librarian at India office, 1869; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1877: companion of Indian Empire, 1888; was familiar with over twenty oriental languages, and published and edited oriental work*.

[360] John Rosworme or Rosworm (fl. 1630-1660), military engineer: bora in Germany: served M military engineer on continent aud iu Ireland; settled, 1641, in Manchester, which town he contracted to defend against James Stanley, lord Strange (afterwards seventh earl of Derby); withstood siege and secured Manchester for parliamentarians; lieutenant-colonel of Album's foot regiment, 1643; directed siege of Liverpool, taken 144; engineer-general of all garrisons and forte in England, 1661; colonel, 1655; published account of his services in Manchester, 1649.

[361] Hue Dk Rotelande , or Hugh of Rutland (fl. 1185), Anglo-Norman poet: connected with English di.-tnct on W.-l-li border: wrote two Anglo-Norman romances in verae, Ipomedon and ProtbeBilaua Txlix. 191

[362] Bernard Rothe (1695–1768). See Routh.

[363] David Rothe or Roth (1573–1650), Roman catholic divine; born at Kilkenny: graduated BJ. at Douay; returned to Ireland, c. 1609; vicar-general of Armagh: deputy to Peter Lombard, primate of Ireland; bishop of Osfory, 1618; vice-primate; senior bishop of Ireland; obtained deanery of Kilkenny, 1641; regulated catholic confederacy, 1642; attempted to escape from Cromwell when marching on Kilkenny, but vus captured and died soon after; published treatise*, and left unfinished manuscript history of diocese of Ossory.

[364] Michael Rothe (1661–1741), Jacobite; lieutenant James 11*8 royal Irish footguanls, under Duke of Ormonde, 1686; continued allegiance to James II, and was promoted captain at the revolution: served in campaign of 1689-91, and fought at battle of Boyne, 1690; joined French service, 1691: served in Flanders, 1693, and Germany, 1694; with Moselle army, 1695; colonel, 1701; served in Germany, 1701, in Vosges. 1703, and at Blenheim, 1704; brevet-brigadier, 1706; with Rhine army, 1706-9 and 1713; at Malplaquet, 1709; brevet major-general, 1710; in Flanders, 1710-12; obtained command of his regiment, which became known by his name, 1718: in Spain, 1719-20; lieutenant-general of armies of George 1, 1720; died at Paris.

[365] Robert Rothe (1550–1622), antiquary; cousin of David Rothe: Dublin barrister; M.P., co. Kilkenny, 1685: recorder of Kilkenny, 1609; bencher of King's Inns, Dublin, and treasurer, 1620: left manuscript Register of Pedigree of late Thomas, Earl of Ormond and Ossory (1616), and Register of Antiquities of Kilkenny.

[366] Caleb Rotheram (1694–1752), minister of dissenting congregation at Kendal, 1716: conducted dissenting academy at Kundnl, 1733-51; M.A. and D.D. Edinburgh, 1743; published a religious dissertation.

[367] Edward Rotheram (1753?–1830), navy captain; brother of John Rotheram (1750 V-1804); eeaman in navy, 1777: acting lieutenant, 1780-3, in West Indies; lieutenant, 1783; in action of 1 June 1794; commander, 1794; captain, 1800; at Trafalgar, 1805; in Channel, 1806-8; C.B., 1815; captain of Greenwich Hospital, 1828.

[368] John Rotheram (1725–1789), theologian; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1749; assistant at Codrington College, Barbados; returned to England, 1767; Percy fellow. University College, Oxford, 1760-7; preacher at Chapel Royal, Whitehall; published religious works.

[369] John Rotheram (1750?-1804), natural philosopher; born at Newcastle: studied under Linnaeus and Bergmann at university of Upsala, Sweden, where he Kr;u hinted; assistant-professor of chemistry, Edinburgh, 1793: professor of natural philosophy, St. Andrews, 17951804; published works on natural philosophy.

[370] Sir John Rotherham (1630–1696?) judge; felow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1648; M.A., 1652; incorporated at Cambridge, 1653; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1665; ancient, 1671, treasurer, 1686; one of counsel for defence of Richard Baxter, 1685; serjeant-at-law and baron of exchequer, 1687; knighted, 1687.

[371] Thomas Rotherham (1423–1500), archbishop of York; known as Thomas Scot; educated at King's College, Cambridge (perhaps also at Eton and Oxford)D.D. Oxford and Cambridge, 1463; prebendary of Lincoln 1462, and of Salisbury, 1465; keeper of privy seal to Edward IV, 1467; bishop of Rochester, 1468-71; provost of college of Beverley, c. 1468-72; ambassador to Louis XI of France, 1468; joint-ambassador to Charles of Burgundy, 1471; bishop of Lincoln, 1471-80; chancellor, 1474; accompanied Edward on French expedition 1475 archbishop of York, 1480-1500: deprived of chancellorship and temporarily imprisoned for adherence to Queen Elizabeth Woodville on Edward IV's death, 1483; several times chancellor of Cambridge University: benefactor

[372] William Rothery (1775–1864), lawyer; chief of office of king's proctor in Doctors Commons; admiralty referee on slave trade matters. 1821-60.

[373] Dl Rothes -KE OF (1630–1681). See LESLIE, JOHN.,

[374] Earls of Rothes . See LESLIK, GEORGE, fourth 'Earl rf. 1658 ; LESLIE, AXDBBW, fifth EARL, d. 1611, John Leslie John Leslie , sixth EARL, 1600–1641 ; LESLIE, JOHN, seventh EARL and first DUKE, 1630-1681; LESLIE, JOHN, eighth EARL, 1679-1722; LESLIE, JOHN, ninth EARL, 1698?-1767. * %S*MUWA tug v j in vtrrsivy; UcuCiaCtOr f Oxford, and particularly of Lincoln College master of Pembroke Hall, Oxford, 1480.

[375] Henry Cadogan Rothery (1817-1888), lawyer; son of William Rothery; M.A. St John's College Cambridge, 1845; entered DoctorsCommons; from 55 employed in ecclesiastical and admiralty courts bterof privy council in ecclesiastical and maritime 53; wreck commhwioner, 1876; publish

[376] Master of Rothes (d. 1564). See Norman Leslie.

[377] Duke of Rothesay (1378?–1402 See David Stewart.

[378] Sir Anthony de Rothschild (1810–1876), second son of Nathan Meyer Rothschild; in business under his brother Lionel Nathan de Rothschild ; created baronet, 1847; Austrian consul-general, 1858; presiding warden of great synagogue, London, 1855-75; first president of newly instituted united synagogue iii London, 1870.

[379] Ferdinand James de Rothschild (1839-1898), virtuoso; great grandson of Meyer Amschel Rothschild; born in Paris; settled in England, 1860; resided at Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, where he collected works of art, left by his will to the British Museum; liberal-unionist M.P., Aylesbury division, 1885-98.

[380] Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1808–1879), banker; eldest son of Nathan Meyer Rothschild; educated at Gbttingen; succeeded, 1836, to chief management of Rothschild banking-house in England; assumed, 1838, dignity of Austrian baron conferred on his father; negotiated loans for Irish famine, 1847, Crimean expenses, 1856, and Turkey, 1858, and engaged in many other national financial transactions: elected whig M.P. for city of London, 1847, but not allowed to sit, owing to refusal as a Jew of the necessary oath; repeatedly reelected, and finally allowed to sit, 1858; re-elected, 1859, 1865, and 1869; interested himself in many philanthropic movements; for some time president of the great synagogue, London; he is the original of Sidonia in Disraeli's Coningsby

[381] Meyer Amschel deRothschild (1818-1874), sportsman and collector of art treasures: fourth son of Nathan Meyer Rothschild; known as Baron Meyer; lived at Mentmore; liberal M.P. for Hythe, 1869-74. His daughter Hannah (d. 1890) married, 1878, Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth earl of Rosebery.

[382] Nathan Meyer Rothschild (1777–1836), financier and merchant; born at Frankfort-on-Maine, where his father conducted business as banker, moneychanger, and dealer in curiosities; attracted notice of William IX, landgrave of Hesse Cassel (known after 1803 as Elector William I), who appointed him court agent, 1801, and supported him in his career as loan contractor to European governments; established a branch of the business in London in 1805, while his brothers, James and Solomon, settled respectively in Paris and Vienna; came to England first in 1797, and was natnralised, 1804; opened business house at New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, London; engaged by government in payment of : oreign subsidies; acted as agent for English government n Peninsular war; undertook loans for many European countries; made baron of Austrian empire, 1822, but never assumed title; consul-general of Austria in England, 1822.

[383] Edward Rothwell (d. 1731), dissenting minister; ordained minister of Poulton-ln-tbe-Fylde, 1693, and subsequently held other charges; published theological treatises.

[384] Richard Rothwell (1800–1868), painter: assistant to Sir Thomas Lawrence in London; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1830.

[385] Louis François Roubiliac or Roubillac (1695-1762), sculptor; born at Lyons; probably settled permanently in Eiudand after 1730; gained patronage of Horace Walpole's brother Kdwurd; assistant to Cheere at his stoneyard at Hyde Park Corner, Ixm.lun,.tn.l later to Jonathan Tyers; executed statue of Handel erected at Vauxhall, London, 17is; opt-m-d humnes* independently, and executM monuments anl .l many celebrated persons. Many of bin work-, in.-ln.lin the well-known NiKhtmiMle inoinnn.-nt, are at Westminster; his. full-1-iik'ih of Shakespeare, execU-l for Uarriek, 1758, is in tin: British Museum.

[386] Sir Brian Roucliffe (d. 1494), judge: third baron of exchequer, 1458; frequently counsel to Sir William Plumpton; second baron, 1481.

[387] John Rough (d. 1557), Scottish protentant minister: educated at Bt. Leonard Collide, St. Andrews; entered monastery at Stirling, but left It to become chaplain to Regent Arnui, 1543; prohibited from preaching: chaplain to garrison at St. Andrews; went to Kngland, 1547, and entered service of Lord-protector Somerset; inimM.T of stvivt society of protestuuts in London, 1657; arrested and burned at Smithfleld.

[388] William Rough (d. 1838), lawyer and poet; of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1799; barrister, Inner Temple, 1801; serjeant-at-law, 1808; president of court of justice for united colony of Demerura and Essequibo, 1816-21; puisne judge in Ceylon, 1830-6; chief-justice of supreme court, 1836-8; knighted, 1837; published dramatic and other poetical works; died in Ceylon.

[389] William Dk Roumare, Earl of Lincoln (;f. 1140), supported Henry I in rebellion of Hugh de Gouruay, 1118-19; rebelled against Henry I in Normandy, but was reconciled, 1128; one of justiciary entrusted with the duchy of Normandy, 1 137; created Earl of Lincoln, 1138, but was probably subsequently deprived of earldom.

[390] George Leith Roupell (1797–1854), physician; educated at Greenwich and Gonville and Cains Allege, Cambridge; M.D., 1825; F.R.C.P., 1826; censor, 1829, 1837, and 1838; Croonian lecturer, 1832 and 1833; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1834; published medical works.

[391] Rou 8, FRANCIS (1579–1659), puritan ; B.A. Broadgates Hall (afterwards Pembroke College), Oxford, 1597; graduated at Leyclen, 1599; entered Middle Temple, 1601, but retired to Landrake, where be produced several theological works; M.P., Truro, 1626, In Short and Long parliaments, 1640, and also hi 1654, Tregony, 1628-9, Devonshire, 1653, and Cornwall, 1656; took covenant, 1643; provost of Eton College, 1644; member of Derby house committee, 1648; joined independents, 1649; speaker of Little parliament, and member of Protector's council of state, 1653; published writings.

[392] Henry John Rous (1795–1877), admiral and sportsman; educated at Westminster: entered navy, 808; post-captain, 1823: retired from active service, 1835, and devoted himself to horseraclng: steward of Jockey Club; became public handicapper, c. 1855; conservative M.P. for Westminster, 1841: lord of admiralty, 1846; admiral of blue, 1863, and of white, 1864.

[393] John Rous or Ross (1411?–1491), antiquary of Warwick; educated at Oxford; chaplain, o. 1445 till death, of chapel at Guy's Cliffe. near Warwick, built by Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, in 1423; wrote historical works, disfigured by party leanings, including accounts of earls of Warwick, and Historia Regum AugliaV of which manuscripts are extant.

[394] John Rous (1584–1644), diarist: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1607: presented to living of StantonDowuham, 1623; kept, from 1625-41, a diary, edited for Camden Society, 1856.

[395] John Rous (fl. 1656–1695), quaker ; born in Barbados; went to Rhode island, America, 1657, to preach and proselytise, and after suffering much persecution came to England, 1659; settled in London as West India merchant; joint-author of pamphlets,

[396] Clara Marion Jessie Rousby (1852/-1879), actress : i-owae, Intpeetor-general of hospital.; married Wybert Rousby, a Jeney actor and manager. 1868; dm appeared in London, 1869. at Queen's Tl.i-utrc, Long Acre, where she remained till 1x71;.Momently played at Prinoett's, Olympic, and Drury Lane; her characters include Rosalind and Cordelia.

[397] John Rouse or Russe (1574–1652), librarian; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1599; fellow of Oriel College, 1600; M.A., 1604; chief librarian of Bodleian 1620; formed friendship with Milton, who wrote a mock-heroic ode to him, 1647.

[398] Jacques Rousseau (1626-1694), painter; born in Paris; studied under the Dutch painter, Herman van Swanevelt: member of French Academy; went to Switzerland and Holland, and, later, came to England on revocation of edict of Nantes; aaristed In decorating Montagu House (afterwurdo British Museum); employed by Willium 1 1 1 at Hampton Court.

[399] Samuel Rousseau (1763–1820), printer and orientalist: apprenticed to John Nichols the printer; ta.u'ht himsflf several classical, oriental, and modern language*; opened printing office in London, where be produced many oriental books.

[400] Theodore Rousseel (1614–1689). See Russel.

[401] Bernard Routh (1695–1768), Irish Jesuit; entered Society of Jesus, 1716; professed of four vows, 1734; professor in Irish College, Poitiers; on editorial staff of Journal de Trevoux Paris, 1739-43; confessor of Princess Charlotte de Lorraine at Mons, 1764; published poetical and critical works.

[402] Martha Routh (1743–1817), quakeress; nee Winter; principal of Friends boarding-school at Nottingham; acknowledged minister 1773; married Richard Routh of Manchester, 1776: made missionary tours in British islands and America; left journal (part published, 1822).

[403] Martin Joseph Routh (1755–1854), divine; fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1775; M.A., 1776; senior proctor, 17K4; D.D. and president of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1791 till death: instituted rector and vicar of Tilehurst, and received priest's orders, 1810; edited Reliquue Sacne a collection of writings of ecclesiastical authors of second and third centuries, and other works.

[404] Sir Randolph Isham Routh (1785?–1858), commissary-general in the army; educated at Eton; entered commissariat department of army; saw much foreign service, and was senior commissariat officer at Waterloo, 1815: knighted, 1841; K.C.B., 1848: published work on commissariat service.

[405] George Routledge (1812–1888), publisher; apprenticed to bookseller at Carlisle; opened bookseller's business in London, 1836; started as publisher at 36 Solio Square, 1843; established branch in New York, 1854; retired from business, 1887. His publications include the 4 Railway Library ultimately numbering 1,060 volume*, at one shilling each, Routledge's Universal Library edited by Henry Morley, andShakespeare edited by , Howard Stannton, illustrated by Sir John Gilbert.

[406] John Row (1525?–1680), Scottish reformer: M.A. St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews: practised as advocate in St. Andrewscouslstorial court; represented John Hamilton, archbishop of St. Andrews, at papal court, 1550: licentiate of laws, university of Rome, 1556; LL.D. Padua; returned to Scotland as pnpal nuncio to exam. ne causes of spread of heretical opinions, 1558-9: converted to protestantism; minister and vicar of Kennowuy. l&oo; minister of Middle Church, Perth: on commission* which drew up first and second * Books of Discipline

[407] John Row (1568–1646), Scottish ecclesiastical historian; son of John Row (15257-1580): M.A. Edinburgh. 1590; ordained minister of Carnpck, lunfermliiie. 1592; prominent member of the Erty. Wrote and circulated in manuscript Historie of Kirk of Scotland, 1558-1687 (printed, 1842).

[408] John Row (1598?-1672?), divine; son of John Row (1568-1646); M.A. St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews. 1617; master of irnuimur srhool, Kirki-aldy, 1619 rector of grammar school, Perth, 1M2- tl: minister of St. Nicholas Chun-h, Aberdeen. 1641; teacher of Hebrew at Mariwshal College, Aberdeen; strongly adYocated subscription tocovenaut; appointed to revise n.-v metrical version of Psalms 90 to 120, 1647; appointed by I'romwell'B parliament principal of King's College, Aberdeen 168*: deposed, 1661; published Hebrew grammar andlexicon, and wrote continuation (1687-9) to his father's history of the kirk.

[409] Thomas Row (1786–1864), baptist minister; published hymns and religious writings.

[410] William Row (1663–1634), Scottish presbyterian divine; son of John Row (1525 ?-1580); graduated at Perth, 1687; minister of Forgandenuy; protested against restoration of episcopacy, 1602-6; Imprisoned, 1607-14, for opposing appointment of permanent moderator. C 331 J

[411] Archibald Hamilton Rowan (1751–1834), United Irishman; son of Qawlu Hamilton; adopted name of Kowan on inheriting property from his grandfather, e. 1767; educated at Queens' College, Cambridge; nerved as lieutenant-colonel in Portugal, 1777; lived in Paris, 1781-4; removed to Ireland, 1784; brought himself into notice, e. 1788, by publication of * Investigation of Sufferings of Mary Seal whose seduction by a person of hiirh station had been allowed to pass unpunished; original member of Northern Whig Club, Belfast, 1790; joined Society of United Irishmen, 1791; arrested on unfounded charge of distributing a seditious pamphlet, 1792; received bail, but on being brought to trial was found guilty, though defended by Curran, and imprisoned at Dublin, 1794; escaped to France and subsequently proceeded to America; obtained pardon, and returned to England, 1803; resided at Killyleagh Castle, Ireland; warmly supported catholic emancipation.

[412] Arthur Blennerhassett Rowan (1800-1861), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1827; D.D., 1854; rector of Kilgobbin, Cloufert, 1854; archdeacon of Ardfert, 1856; published antiquarian and other works.

[413] Sir Charles Rowan (1782?–1852), chief commissioner of police; ensign in 52nd foot, 1797; captain, 18i3: served in Sicily, 1806-7, Sweden, 1808, and Peninsular and Waterloo campaigns; major, 52nd regiment, 1H l; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1812; first chief commissioner of police, 1829; K.C.B., 1848.

[414] Frederica Maclean Rowan (1814–1882), author; niece of Sir Charles Rowan; born in West Indies and lived successively In Copenhagen, Weimar, Paris, and London; secretary to Sir Francis Henry GoldBmld; published History of French Revolution 1844, and translations from French, Swedish, and German, including Stundeu der Audacht (attributed to Zschokke)!

[415] Gawin William Rowan Hamilton Rowan (1783-1834), son of Archibald Hamilton Rowan; entered navy, 1801; lieutenant, 1809: post-captain, 1812; on south American station, c. 1824; retired owing to ill health,

[416] Sir Wil Rowan 'LIAM (1789–1879), field-marshal ; brother of Sir Charles Rowan: ensign in 52nd foot, 1X03; lieutenant, 1804; in Sicily, 180C-7, Sweden, 1808, :ui.l Peninsula, France, and Waterloo campaigns; lieutenant-colonel, 1819: civil and military secretary in Canada, 1823-8, and commanded forces there, 1849-65; general, 1862; field-marshal, 1877; O.C.B., 1856.

[417] Thomas Charles Leeson Rowbotham (1823-1876), painter: born in Dublin; member of New Society (now Royal Institute) of Painters in Watercolours, 1861; professor of drawing at Royal Naval School; published volumes of views in British islands.

[418] Benoni Rowe (1658–1706), nonconformist minister; brother of Thomas Rowe (1667-1705): pastor in Fetter Lane, London, 1699.

[419] Mrs Elizabeth Rowe (1674–1737), author; nee Singer; married Thomas Rowe (1687-1715), 1710; published, 169G, poem- ly Plr.lomela; nit::i-iastioally praisol by Klopstoc-k, Wieland, and Dr. Johnson. Her writings, the most popular of which cn- compositions in epistolary form, include Friendship in Death(1728) and I,, tt.r "Moral and Entertaining (172l)-o3); hrr Miscellaneous Works published, 1739.

[420] George Robert Rowe (1792-1861), physician; M.C.S. London, 1812; served as surgeon in Peninsular war; M.R.C.P., 1840: practised at Chigwell, and, later. In London; published medical works.

[421] Harry Rowe (1726–1800), showman; born of poor parents; trumpeter in Duke of Kingston's light horse; fought at Culloden, 1746; gained living as puppet showman; patronised by John Croft, who caused to be printed, and probably furnished annotations for, Macbeth, with notes by Harry Rowe 1797; published also a musical farce.

[422] John Rowe (1626–1677), nonconformist divine; B.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 164C: incorporated U.A. Oxford, and M.A., 1648: fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1649; preacher at Westminster Abbey, 1654; deprived at Restoration; published religious works.

[423] John Rowe (1764–1832), Unitarian minister; joint pastor, 1787, and sole pastor, 1789, at High Street Chapel, Shrewsbury; joint-pastor at Lewin's Mead Chapel, Bristol, 1798; founded Western Unitarian Society.

[424] Nicholas Rowe (1674–1718), poet and dramatist; educated at Westminster School: barrister, Middle, Temple; abandoned legal profession for that of playwright, and made the acquaintance of Pope and Addison; produced at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, his tragedies, The Ambitious Stepmother 1700, Tamerlane 1702, and Fair Penitent (adapted from Massinger's Fatal Dowry, 1703: his Ulysses was staged in 1706, his Royal Convert at the Haymarket, London, in 1707, andJane Shore* andLady Jane Grey in 1714 and 1715 respectively, at Drury Lane, London; produced an unsuccessful comedy, The Biter at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 1704: published, 1709, an edition of Shakespeare's plays, with biographical preface and emendations of the text of the fourth folio, which his edition followed; divided and numbered acts and scenes on rational principles, and modernised grammar, spelling, and punctuation: undersecretary to Duke of Queensberry, 1709-11; poet laureate, 1715; land surveyor of customs of port of London, 1715; clerk of council of George, Prince of Wales; clerk of presentations to Thomas Parker, first earl of Macclesfleld , 1718; buried in Westminster Abbey. His portrait was twice painted by Kneller. His poetical works include a famous translation of Lucan (1718). His collected works appeared, 1727.

[425] Owen Rowe or Roe (1593?-1661), regicide; worked as haberdasher in London; took part in foundation of colonies of Massachusetts and the Bermudas; captain of green regiment of London trained bands, 1642; colonel, 1646; member of court which triel Charles I, and signed death-warrant; deputy-governor of the Bermudas, 1655; acted with Mouck's opponents, 1(559; convicted as regicide, 1660; died in prison in Tower of London.

[426] Richard Rowe (1828–1879), journalist successively in Edinburgh (onScotsman and in London; published stories for children under pseudonyms Charles Camden and Edward Howe.

[427] Samuel Rowe (1793–1853), topographer; apprenticed to bookseller at Kiupsbridge; started business at Plymouth, 1813; entered Jesus College, Cambridge, c. 1822; M.A., 1833; took holy orders; vicar of Crediton, 1886; chief work,Perambulation of... Dartmoor* (1848).

[428] Sir Samuel Rowe (1835–1888), colonial governor and surgeon; qualified as medical practitioner, 1856; appointed on army medical staff, 1862, and after wards acted as colonial surgeon at Lagos; returned on leave, 18 graduated in medicine and surgery, Aberdeen, 1865; magistrate and clerk of council at Lagos 180: st:itYMir_ron in army, 1870; surgeon-major, 1S7.: Ashanti war, 1873: brigade-surgeon, 187C: uovernor snctvssively of Gambia, Sierra Leone, 187C-7, Wwt Africa settlements, 1877 and 1884, and Gold Coast and Lagos, 1881; K.C.M.G., 1880; LL.D. Aberdeen, 188C.

[429] Thomas Rowe (1657–1705), independent divine and philosophical teacher; jm.-tnr Mn--t--,.-iv ( indo-: M portrait-painter, pendent church in Hollx.rn. I...M.I..H; lecturer at Pinnera* Hull, Ixmdon. 1699. xl. 1771; wUled in Ixmdon

[430] Thomas Rowe T1MMAS (1687-1715, author; son of Benoni Rowe (i. V: htlcUi: til lt"We; educated;it Cliartcriioinr ainl Lcy-h-n; wrt- live* of classical heroes overlooked by Plutarch ipul.u-hwl posthumously, 1728),

[431] George Augustus Rowell (1804–1892), meteorologist; originally followed trade of cabinet-maker; studied astronomy; published letters and papers on meteorological subjects; assistant in Ashmolean Muaeum, and, 1800, In Oxford Uulrendty Museum.

[432] Daniel Rowland (1778–1859), antiquary; educated at Shrewsbury; barrister in London; settled in London, 1846; F.S.A.; printed privately account of Nevill family.

[433] David Rowland (fl. 1569–1586), author; educated at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford; travelled as private tutor, and subsequently taught Greek and Latin: published translation from Mendoza's Lazarillo de Tormes 1576.

[434] John Rowland (1606–1660), divine; M. A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1626: rector of Foot's Cray, Kent 1634; chaplain in Sir Jacob Astley's royalist regiment; probably took refuge in Netherlands; published at Antwerp two attacks on Milton, 1651 and lGjl.

[435] Daniel Rowlands (1713–1790), Welsh methodist; ordained deacon, 1735; priest, 1735; with Howel Harris founded Welsh Calvinistic methodism; deputy moderator, 1743. and subsequently chairman of methodist association for control of societies; quarrelled with Harris, 1746, and finally separated from him, 1751; suspended by Bishop Squire from exercise of clerical functions, 1763: preached at new church Llongeitho; published religious works in Welsh and English.

[436] Henry Rowlands (1551–1616), Welsh divine; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxfonl, 1577: D.D., 1605: prebendary of Bangor, 1584-94; dean, 1593, and bishop, 1598, of Bangor.

[437] Henry Rowlands (1655–1723), Welsh divine; held living of Llanidan, 1696; published work on antiquities of Anglesey.

[438] Richard Rowlands alias Richard Verstegen (fl. 1565-1620), antiquary; educated at Christ Church, Oxford; svt up printing business in Antwerp and assumed his grandfather's name of Verstegen; removed, c. 1587, to Paris, where he published a work against Queen Elizabeth's treatment of Roman catholics in England, ami was imprisoned. His works include Antiquities concerning UK KiurlNh Nation 1G05.

[439] Samuel Rowlands (1570?–1630?), writer of tracts in prose and verse between 1598 and 1628; his works all of which are labliographical rarities, iiu-lude *lhe Betraying of Christ 1598;Greenes Ghost 1602, Hrir* Broke Loose 1605, Democritua. or Doctor Mcrryman hb Medicines against Melancholy Humor- Ifo7,Humors Looking Glasse 1608, aivl Martin Mark-all (an account of the habits and language of thieves), 1610, and The Melancholic Knight loir..

[440] William Rowlands (1802–1865), known as Gwilym Leyn, Welsh bibliographer; weaver in Carnarvonshire: joined Wesleyans, c. 1820; acted as lay-preacher, and (1831-64) served many chapels in Cardiff circuit: settled at Oswestry, 1864: published religious ork-. anl a bibliographical record of books printed in and relating to Wales from 1546 to 1800.

[441] Mary Rowlandson (fl. 1682 colonist: daughter of John White of New England: married Joseph Rowlandson, first minister of Lancaster, Massachusetts; captured by Indians, 1675; published account: tivity.

[442] Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827), artist and caricaturist; studied at Royal Academy and in Paris: nn.i.t; developed tendency to caricature, e. 17*1. awl rapidly won iflchnty; ex. . plate* for Combe q. v.) -ii.,li,-l verve*, rppablblmi volume-form MTour of Dr. Syntax second ami ... IK2U and 18J1; produced Mveral erie* of humorou. platen

[443] Charles Rowley, baronet (1770-1845), admiral; son of Sir Joshua Rowley: entered navy, 1785: lieutenant, 1789: flag-captain uieft ad i., I MO. In Adriatic, isi i: created ban.. - 10: admiral, 1841; command- 1'orMinouth. 184J-*.

[444] John Rowley (1768?-1824), major-general; educated at Royal Military Academy, SVoolwicb: Mcowl heutcn;.m. n.yl artill.-ry. 1* transferred to engineer*. i:-;: first lieutenant, 1792; adjutant of engineer* at Woolwich, 1795 -w: cl.lef engineer's alde-de-anp at boanl of ordnnnce, 1799; deputy-inspector-geuera! of fortifications, 1811; major-general, 1821.

[445] Sir Joshua Rowley, baronet (1730?-1790), vice-admiral; son of Sir William Rowley: lieutenant. 1747; captain; commanded reinforcement to Byron in West Indies, 1779; renr-admtral of blue, 1779; commanded Jamaica station, 1782-3; created baronet, 1786; viceadmiral of white, 1787.

[446] Sir Josias Rowley, baronet (1765–1812), viceadmiral; grandson of Sir William Rowley: mld.-.hipinan, 1780; lieutenant, 17X3: cnnnijan.ier, 1794: post,-aptain, 17-J5; served in Emit Indies, 1799-1802: fought at I inisterre, 1805, and Bueww Ayres and Monte Video: took part in capture of Itourbon, 1810; created baronet, 1813; rear-admiral, 1814: K.C.B.. 1816: vice-admiral, 182ft; commander-in-chief in Mediterranean, 1833-7: C..C.M.O., H., 1840.

[447] Samuel Rowley (d. 1633?), dramatist; attached, before 1598, to service of Philip Henslowe, theatrical manager, probably as reviser of manuscript plays; produced independently or in collaboration several plays on biblical history and other subjects, none of which I* extant, excepting When yon see me you know me, or Chronicle Historic of Henric VIII 1605: with William Ovid was paid 4. by Henslowe for making addition to Marlowe's Faustus 1602; The Noble Sovldier 1034, has lowe's Faustus, Urn attributed to him.

[448] Thomas Rowley (pseudonym). See Thomas Chatterton, 1752-1770.

[449] William Rowley (1585?–1642?), dramatist: actor in Queen Anne's company before 1610; met Thomas Middleton, 1614, in collaboration with whom hi* be*t i work was done; played tinder Henslowe's management I at theHope retlml from acting profi-s-ion, r. 16*7. Hi wrote, unareUted,A new Wonder 1632, All lost ! hy Lnst, 1633.A Match at Midnight 1833, undA I shoemaker a Gentleman 1638. He collaborated inA Fair Quarrel 1617,The Changeling performed. 1621. and others with Middleton, The Birth of Merlin. 1 printed. i 1662, perhaps with Shakespeare,Fortune by Land and S-a printed, 1655, with Heywood "The Thracian Wonder prinu-1. ItiCl. with Webster, and other piece* with Ford, Malinger, and Dekker.

[450] Sir William Rowley (1690?–1768), admiral; fiiten-1 navy, 1704: lieutenant, 17o8; capUin, 1718: in Mediterranean, 1741: rear-admiral of white, K3: nt Toulon, 1744; admiral of the fleet, 1744: admiral of bine, 1747. and of white, 1748; rear-admiral of (ireat Britain. 1747; lord of admiralty, 1751: K.B., 1763; admiral of fleet and oommander-in-chlef, 1782.

[451] William Rowley (1742–1806), surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London: in army,, 1760-5; began practice in London aman-midvif.V,ff: M.l M. Andrews, 1774: L.U.C.P.. 17X4: M.I:.. 17.v. St. Albnn Hall, Oxford: published medical works.

[452] John Rowning (1701?-1771). divine; M..A. Magdalene College, Cambridge. 1728; fellow: i. S&fVlSUSSystem of Natural PI 178ft, and other work*.

[453] Joseph Rowntree (1801–1859), quaker; grocer In York; member of MerchantsCompany; interested In educational schemes of Society of Friends; mayor of York, 1*5*; published pamphlets.

[454] Richard Rowse (fl. 1238–1259). See Richard of Cornwall.

[455] Susanna Rowson (1762–1824), nee Haswell : bora at Portsmouth, but went to America at early age: rvtiini.-.! to Knglund, 1778: married William Kowson. 1788: published novels which achieved considerable success, * most popular being Charlotte Temple(1790), but her husband becoming bankrupt, went on the staire; appeared at Edinburgh, 1792-3; toured in America, 17931797; opened schoaL 1797, at Boston, where she diet.

[456] Thomas Rowthall (d. 1523). see Ruthall.

[457] Dukes of Roxburgh . See KER, JOHN, first< Dckk rf. 1741 : KKU, JOHN, third DUKK, 1740–1804 ; KER James Ixxra-, fifth DXTKK, 1738–1823.

[458] Earl of Roxburgh (1670?–1650). See Robert Ker.

[459] William Roxburgh (1751–1815), botanist; educated at Edinburgh University; qualified as surgeon, and served on one of East India Company's ships; M.I). 1776; surgeon on Madras establishment, 1780: appointed by the company botanist in Carnatic: superintendent of Calcutta Botanic Garden, 1793: R.A.S.: F.L.S.; fellow of Royal Society of Arts; published works relating to Indian botany; left botanical manuscripts,

[460] Robert Roxby (1809?–1866), actor; son of William Roxby Beverley; appeared at St. James's Theatre, London, 1839; managed Theatre Royal, Manchester, 1843; at Lyceum, London, 1847-55: played subsequently at Drury Lane, London (of which he was during eleven years stage- manager) and Princess's, London,

[461] John Roy (1700–1752). See John Stewart.

[462] William Boy (fl. 1527-31), friar; educated at Cambridge; friar observant in Franciscan cloister at Greenwich; acted as Tyndale's amanuensis at Cologne and Worms in translating New Testament, 1525-6: published religious works; probably burned in Portugal, c. 1531.

[463] William Roy (1726–1790), colonel in engineers; assistant to Lieutenant-colonel Watson, deputy quartermaster-general under Duke of Cumberland, 1746; aided Watson in making military map of Scotland; commissioned as practitioner-engineer, 1755; employed in reconnaissance of coasts of Kent and Sussex threatened by French invasion, 1755: took part in expedition against Rochefort,1757; sub-engineer, lieutenant, and captain in corps of engineers, 1769; major and deputy quartermaster-general of South Britain, 1761; surveyor-general of coasts and engineer for military surveys for Great Britain, 1766: F.R.S., 1767: F.S.A.; major-general, 1781; director and lieutenant-colonel of royal engineers, and colonel in engineers, 1783; colonel of 30th foot, 1786; Copley medallist for work in connection with determining relative positions of observatories of Paris and Greenwich, 1785. Left in manuscript Military Antiquities of Romans in Britain; published archaeological and scientific writings.

[464] Sir Marmaduke Roydon (1583–1646), merchant nnd royalist; apprenticed to Bordeaux merchant in I-on.l.-n and became his factor in France; freeman of Clothworkers Company; one of first planters in Barbados; fought for Charles I in civil war; knighted, 1643; governor of Faringdon, 1645.

[465] Matthew Roydon (. 1580–1622), poet; M.A. Oxford, 1680; intimate with Sidney, Marlowe, Spenser Lodge, and Chapman. His most celebrated poem is his Elegie, or Friends passion for his Astrophill (on Sidney's death), printed in Spenser's Colin Clout 1595, anl inall later editions of Spenser's works.

[466] John Forbes Boyle (1799–1858), surgeon and MWilhJt; educated at Military Academy at Addiscombe; uiveon i n East India Company's service; joined medical Uff of Bengal army, 1819; superintendent of garden at owianmpore, 1898; made valuable collection of economic )UnU; returned to England, 1881; professor of materia King's College, London; F.R.S., 1887; F.L.S., 1833; fellow and secretary of Geological and Royal Horticultural societies; one of founders of Philosophical Club, 1847; work? include Illustrations of Botany and Natural History of Himalayan Mountains(1839).

[467] Richard Royston (1599–1686), bookseller to Charles I, Charles II, and James II; confined in Fleet prison for printing books against parliament, 1645; published Eikon Basilike 1648; received from Charles II monopoly of printing Charles I's works, 1660; master of Stationers Company, 1673 and 1674.

[468] Ruadhan (d. 585?), Irish saint; son of Fergus; studied in St. Finnian's school at Clonard, co. Meath; founded religious community of Lothra, co. Tippernry; entered into dispute concerning a fugitive, whom he protected, with Diarmait, king of Ireland, on whose residence, Tura, he laid the curse that it should be uninhabited after Diarmait's time. His day is 15 April.

[469] Thomas Rud (1668–1733), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1691; head-master at Newcastle grammar school and master of St. Mary's Hospital, Newcastle, 1699-1710; rector of Washington, 1729; prebendary of Ripon collegiate church, 1728; published several works and left manuscript catalogue of manuscripts at Durham Cathedral.

[470] Thomas Rudborne or Rodeburne (d. 1442), bishop of St. David's; bursar, Merton College, Oxford, 1399-1400; dean of Tamworth, 1413; warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1416; chaplain to Henry V in Normandy, 1417; prebendary of Sarum, 1419; chancellor of Oxford University, 1420; bishop of St. David's, 1433.

[471] Thomas Rudborne (fl. 1460), monk of St. Swithun's, Winchester; wrote historical works, including 'Historia Major 1454, and Annales Breves Ecclesia Wintoniensis a Bruto ad Henricum VI regem 1440.

[472] Anthony Rudd (1549?–1615), bishop of St. David's; M.A. and major fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1570; D.D., 1583; dean of Gloucester, 1584-94; bishop of St. David's, 1594-1615; summoned to Hampton Court conference; published sermons.

[473] Sayer Rudd (d. 1757), divine; minister at Turners' Hall, Philpot Lane, London, 1725-33; studied midwifery at Paris; M.D. Leyden; practised in London; disowned by Calvinistic baptists owing to alleged unitarianism, 1735; conformed to established church, 1738, and held livings in Kent; kept school at Deal; published religious and other works.

[474] Thomas Rudd (1584–1656), captain and military engineer; served in Low Countries: chief military engineer for Wales, 1627; superintended defence and harbour works at Portsmouth and Dover, 1639-42: chief engineer to royalists during civil war; published mathematical and other works.

[475] Samuel Rudder (d. 1801), printer at Cirencester; published topographical works relating to Gloucestershire.

[476] Thomas Ruddiman (1674–1757), philologist; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; M.A., 1694; employed in AdvocatesLibrary, Edinburgh, 1700; assistantlibrarian, 1702; started ns book auctioneer, 1707; prepared for press editions of several well-known books, including George Buchanan's works (1715); opened printing business, 1715; acquired, 1729,Caledonian Mercury (which be had printed since 1724), the organ of Prince Charles Edward in 1746; joint-printer to Edinburgh University. 1728; chief librarian, 1730-62, to Advocates Library, of which, with assistance of Walter Goodall (1706?-1766), he began to issue a catalogue; joined controversy with the Rev. George Logan on subject of hereditary succession to throne, 1747-50; assisted Ames inTypographical Antiquities 1749; published 4 Rudiments of Latin Tongue 1714.

[477] Edward Budge (1763–1846), botanist and antiquary: educated at Queen's College, Oxford: studied and published work on botany of Guiana, 1806-7; F.S.A.; member of Linnean Society, 1802; F.R.S., 1805; conducted excavations at Evesham Abbey.

[478] Edward John Budge (1792–1861), antiquary; son of Edward Rudge; M.A. Caius College, Can bridge; barrster; F.S.A.

[479] Thomas Rudge (1754-1825), divine; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 17.i; H.I)., I7v; ar.-h.lcu.iin f ( iloueester, 1814; chancellor of diocese of Hereford, Inl7; published historical works relating to Gloucestershire.

[480] Abraham Rudhall, the younger (1680–1735), bell-founder; son of Abraham Rudhall the elder, with whom he worked; the biuiocM carried on after his death by his son and graudxon.

[481] Abraham Rudhall , the elder (1667–1786), bell-founder; cast, with his son, bells for St. Bride's, Fleet Stnvt (1710 and 1718), St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, London, and St. Sepulchre's, London.

[482] Rogers Rudino (1751–1820), numismatist; M.A. and fellow, Merton College, Oxford, 1775; B.D., 1782: held living of Malden, 1793; F.S.A.; published Annals of Coinage of Britain 1817-19.

[483] Sir Benjamin Rudyerd (1572–1688), politician and poet; educated at Winchester College and St. John's College, Oxfonl: barrister. Inner Temple, 1600; intimate friend of Ben Jonson and William Herbert, earl of Pembroke; knighted and appointed surveyor for life of court of wards, 1618: M.P. tor Portsmouth, 1680, 1624, 1625, Old Sarum, 1626, Dowuton, 1628, Wilton, 1640 (twice); supported Buckingltam and the government from 1623, but (c. 1628) assumed part of mediator between Charles I and parliament, and ( 1642) vigorously attacked Charles I's evil counsellors; took the two covenants. He interested himself in colonial enterprise, and was one of incorporators of Providence Company, 1630. His works were published posthumously.

[484] William Ruff (1801–1856), educated for law; sporting reporter forBell's Life 1821-53; published annual Guide to Turf 1842-54.

[485] Owen Ruffhead (1723–1769), miscellaneous writer; barrister, Middle Temple, 1747; started ConTest periodical in support of government, 1757. He published an edition of Statutes at Large from Magna Charta to 1763 1762-5, Life of Pope (digested from Bishop Warburton's materials at his request), 1769, and other works.

[486] Rufus (d. 1128). See Richard de Belmeis.

[487] Geoffrey Rufus (d. 1140), chancellor to Henry I, 1124; bishop of Durham, 1133; supported Stephen.

[488] Richard Rufus (fl. 1238–1259). See Richard of Cornwall.

[489] William Rugg or Reppes (d. 1560), divine; D.D. Caius College, Cambridge, 1513; prior of cell of Yarmouth, 1520; sub-prior of Norwich, 1526; abbot of St. Bennet's, Hulme, 1530; favoured Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Arragon; bishop of Norwich, 1536: concerned in compilation of Bishops Book; resigned bishopric through financial embarrassment, 1549.

[490] Robert Rugge (d. 1410). See Rygge.

[491] Thomas Rugge (d. 1672?), kept manuscript diary entitled Mercurius Politicus Redivivus 1659-72, now in British Museum,

[492] George Ruggle (1575–1622), author of Ignoramus; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1597; fellow of Clare Hall, 1598-1620; one of two taxors of university, 1604: M.A, Oxford, 1605; wrote Latin comedy, Ignoramus, ridiculing pettifogging lawyers on occasion of dispute (1611-12) as to precedence between mayor of Cambridge and vice-chancellor of the university; the play twice performed before James I in 1615, and aroused considerable resentment among lawyers. Ignoramus was printed in 1630; English translations by Robert Codrington and Edward Ravenscroft were issned in 1662 and 1678 respectively.

[493] Thomas Ruggles (1737?–1813), writer on poor law.

[494] Earl of Ruglen (1724–1810). See William Douglas.

[495] Saint Rule (fl. 8th cent?). See Regulus.

[496] Gilbert Rule (1629?–1701), Nonconformist divine; educated at Glasgow University; sub-principal. King College, Aberdeen, 1661; perpetual curate at Alnwlck. 1666; ejected, 1669; M.D. Leyden, 1666: practised at Berwick; preached at meeting-house at Lintoo Bridge, 1679; imprisoned on Bass Book for lecturing at St. Oiks Church, Edinburgh, 1680; kingdom: colleague of Daniel 1683-7; discharged and banished from niel Williams at Dublin, became minister at Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh, 1688: principal of Edinburgh University, 1690: pui.u-i.ed religion* work*... 393 after Tillage Newington, Kent, he was ordained Wesleyan preacher, 1896: resident missionary at Malta, 1836-7; missionary In 8t Vincent, 18*7-31: Wesleyan pastor at Gibraltar, 183*; returned home, 1842, and

[497] William Harris Rule (1802–1890), divine; trying to make living as portrait-painter, and vi schoolmaster at Newington, Kent, he was ordi engaged in ministerial duty in England, 1841-68; joint editor at Wesleyan conference office. 1861-7; minister to W.-Man MUferi.it AM.-r-l..,M*,7 ff; I,,I!,!*!,M Hi editor at Wwleyan conference Wesleyan soldiers at Akiershot lory of Inquisition (1874) and other works,

[498] Sir Arthur Carlos Henry Rumbold, fifth baronet (1890-1869), colonial administrator; grandson of Sir George Berriman Rumbold: ensign, 1887: served in Crimea, 1866; colonel in the imperial Ottoman army; administrator of St Christopher and Aqnilla, 1867. AN,

[499] Sir George Berriman Rumbold baronet (1764-1807), diplomatist; born at Calcutta: son of Sir Thomas Rumbold; succeeded to baronetcy, 1791; ambassador to Hanse Towns, and minister residentiary of Great Britain at Hamburg, 1808; arrested by order of Fouche on charge of conspiring against French: conveyed to Paris and thence to England, 1804; replaced at Hamburg, 1806.

[500] Henry Rumbold (1617–1690), diplomatist; resided chiefly in Spain as wine-merchant during civil war: consul at Cadiz and Puerto Sta Maria, 1660-8; returned to England, 1663; held as sinecures consulates of Malaga, San Lucar, and Seville.

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