Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 11

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 11 running from name Clater to name Condell.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 11 Clater - Condell. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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YWilliam Cleaver^[41]
Bourchier Cleeve^[42]
James Clegg^[43]
YJohn Clegg (violinist)^[44]
Samuel Clegg (born 1814) ^[45]
YYSamuel Clegg^[46] All text from DNB is present, but this includes the bio of his son. Still needs a link to WS.
George Cleghorn (18th-century physician)^[47]
James Cleghorn^[48]
Francis Clein^[49]
YYJames Cleland (statistician)^[50]

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There are images of this guy at File:Wenceslas Hollar - John Clenche (State 2).jpg and File:Wenceslas Hollar - John Clenche (State 1).jpg.

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YHenry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland^[111]
Henry Clifford^[112]
YYSir Henry Hugh Clifford^[113]
YYHugh Clifford, 7th Baron Clifford of Chudleigh^[114]
James Clifford (musician)^[115]
YNJohn Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford^[116] NOTE: article is certainly for the right person, but the enumeration of the barons de Clifford used in WP does not match the enumeration in DNB.
YMargaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland^[117]
Martin Clifford [1]^[118]
YRichard Clifford^[119]
YNRobert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford^[120]this is the correct person, but the WP enumeration of the de Cliffords does not match the DNB enumeration.

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33 Notes

^ Francis Clater (1756–1823), author of 'Every Man his own Farrier 1783, and His own Cattle Doctor 1810; farrier and subsequently druggist.
^ Thomas Clater (1789–1867), painter; third son of Francis Clater; exhibited, chiefly genre works, in London, 1819-63.
^ Antoine François Jean Claudet (1797-1867), photographer; born at Lyons; director of glassworks at Choisy-le-Roi; glass warehouseman in London, 1829; invented a glass-cutting machine, 1833; set up as daguerreotype photographer, 1840; soon adopted the collodion process; introduced improvements in photography; wrote on photographic subjects; F.R.S., 1863.
^ Piers Calverley Claughton (1814–1884), bishop of Colombo; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1835; fellow and tutor of University College, Oxford, 1837-42; bishop of St. Helena, 1859-62; bishop of Colombo, 1862-70; archdeacon of London, 1870; chaplain-general of the forces, 1875; published sermons and theological tracts.
^ Thomas Legh Claughton (1808–1892), bishop of St. Albans; brother of Piers Calverley Claughton ; educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1831; fellow, 1832-42; M.A., 1833; public examiner, 1835; select preacher, 1841, 1850, 1860, and 1868; professor of poetry, 1852-7; ordained, 1834; vicar of Kidderminster, 1841-67; bishop of Rochester, 1867-77; first bishop of new diocese of St. Albans, 1877-90; published sermons and religious writings.
^ John Clavel (1603–1642), highwayman; sentenced to death but pardoned, 1627; published metrical autobiography, 1628.
^ Robert Clavell (d. 1711), bookseller, of London; published pamphlet against the Dutch, 1665; issued catalogues of current literature, 1668-1700.
^ John Graham of Claverhouse (1649?-1689).
^ Sir John Clavering (1722–1777), opponent of Warren Hastings; entered the Coldstream guards; brigadier-general in attack on Guadeloupe, 1759; titular colonel, 1759; military attache in Hesse-Cassel, 1760-3; lieutenantgeneral, 1770; given command of the Bengal army, 1774; opposed Warren Hastings in the council of Bengal; K.B., 1776; tried to hold Hastings to his resignation, 1777.
^ Robert Clavering (1671–1747), bishop of Peterborough; educated at Edinburgh, and Lincoln College, Oxford; M.A., 1696; fellow and tutor of Univorsity College, Oxford, 1701; dean and rector of Booking, Iflnior. 1714-19; D.D., canon of Christ Church, and professor of Hebrew, Oxford, 1715; bishop of Llandaff, 1725; translated to Peterborough, 1729; published translations from the Hebrew, sermons, and charges.
^ Laurence Claxton or Clarkson (1615-1667), sectary; presbyterian, subsequently an antinomian; intruded rector of Pulham, Norfolk; joi tists, 1644; imprisoned at Bury St. Edmuiiu joined theBeckers; intruded vicar of Sandridge, Hertfordshire, c. 1646, and of a Lincolnshire church, 1047; his Single Eye all Light burnt, by order of the Commons, 1650; intruded incumbent of churches in Norfolk, c. 1658; joined the Muggletonians, 1658; prisoner for debt, 1666; published sectarian tracts, 1646-60.
^ Marshall Claxton (1813–1881), historical painter; art student in London, 1831; exhibited. 1832; visited Rome, 1837; returned to England before 1843; exhibited pictures in Australia, 1850, and India; visited Egypt; returned to London, 1858.
^ Alfred Borron Clay (1831–1868), historical painter; second son of John Clay; art student in London, 1852; exhibited, 1854-68.
^ Charles Clay (1801–1893), ovariotomist; apprenticed as surgeon in Manchester; studied at Edinburgh University; L.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1823; extra L.R.C.P. London, 1842; practised in Manchester, where he was at one time senior medical officer and lecturer on midwifery at St. Mary's Hospital; placed the operation ovariotomy on a sure foundation; published Cornp Handbook of Obstetric Surgery 1856, and other surgical works, besides treatises relating to geology and numismatics.
^ Frederick Clay (1839–1889), musician; born in Paris; son of James Clay; private secretary to Henry Bouverie William Brand (afterwards Viscount Hampden); produced two operettas which met with success; collaborated with Tom Taylor in Court and Cottage 1862; formed friendship with Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan; subsequently produced, with Mr. W. S. Gilbert, Mr. G. R. Sims, and other librettists, several operettas; set, 1877, libretto constructed by W. G. Wills, from Lalla Rookh which contains his most successful piece, I'll sing thee songs of Araby and the quartette, Morn wanes, we must away.
^ James Clay (1805–1873), author of ' A Treatise on ... Whist' l864; son of a London merchant; educated at Winchester; travelled in the East, 1830; M.P. for Hull, 1847-73.
^ John Clay (1796–1858), chaplain of Preston gaol (1823-58); merchant's clerk in Liverpool; ordained, 1821; B.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1835; published reports on prison management, sermons, and other works.
^ John Granby Clay (1766–1846), general; ensign, 1782; lieutenant, 1788; served in the West Indies, 17861794; major, 1795; at home statiqns, 1795-1800; in the Egyptian campaign, 1801; lieutenant-colonel, 1804; stationed at Manchester, where he suppressed the riots of 1808 and 1812; major-general, 1813; general, 1841.
^ Sir William Clay (1791–1869), politician; merchant in London; M.P. for Tower Hamlets, 1832-57; created baronet, 1841; published political pamphlets, 1834-56.
^ William Keatinge Clay (1797–1867), antiquary; ordained, 1823; B.D. Cambridge, 1836; minor canon of Ely, 1837; vicar of Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, 1864-67; wrote on the prayer book; edited liturgical works; published histories of four Cambridgeshire parishes.
^ John Claymond (1457?–1537), divine; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1483; fellow, 1488; president, 1504-17; D.D., 1510; vicar of Norton, Durham, 1498-1518, with much other preferment; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1505-24; president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1517-37; wrote notes on classical authors; benefactor of Brasenose, Magdalen, and Corpus Christi colleges.
^ Elizabeth Claypoole or Claypole (1629-1658), second daughter of Oliver Cromwell; married, 1646, John Claypoole; said to have interceded for royalist prisoners; buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ John Claypoole or Claypole (d. 1688), parliamentarian; in arms for the parliament, 1645; married Elizabeth, Cromwell's second daughter see Elizabeth Claypoole; raised a troop of horse, 1651; master of horse to the Protector: M.P., 1654, 1656; one of Cromwell's peers, 1657; imprisoned as a suspect, 1678.
^ Charlotte Clayton , Lady Sundon (d. 1742), woman of the bedchamber to Queen Caroline; daughter of John !yve: married William Clnyton, afterwards Baron Sundon in the Irish peerage; became bedchamber woman to Queen Caroline when Princess of Wales in 1714; obtained great influence over her, and controlled court patronage.
^ Johnn Clayton (1693-1773), botanist; went to Virginia, 1705; secretary of Gloucester County, Virginia; aent scientific papers to the Royal Society, 1739; collected American plants for European botanists.
^ John Clayton (1709–1773), divine; educated at Manchester school and Brasenose College, Oxford; M.A., 17::; joined the Oxford Methodists c. 1728; curate at Balford, 17:;{: tunirht school there; one of the chaplains of Manchester Collegiate Church, 1740, and fellow, 1760; publicly acknowledged the Young Pretender, 1745; published tract on poor relief, and sermons; edited Anacreontica 1754.
^ John Clayton (1728–1800), painter of still-life ; surgeon's apprentice; exhibited, 1761-78; his studio accidentally burnt, 1769.
^ John Clayton (1754–1843), congregationalist; apothecary's apprentice in Manchester; educated at Trevecca College; preacher in the Countess of Huntingdon's chapel, Tunbridge Wells; failed to obtain ordination, 1777; presbyterian minister at West Looe, Cornwall; pastor of Weighhouse Chapel, London, 1778-1826; published devotional treatises.
^ John Clayton (d. 1861), architect; much employed at Hereford; settled in London, 1839; exhibited architectural drawings, 1839-56; published works on architecture, 1846-56.
^ John Clayton (1780–1865), congregationalist; son of John Clayton (1754-1843); pastor of the Poultry Chapel, London; published sermons.
^ John Clayton (1843–1888), actor; real name John Alfred Calthrop; educated at Merchant Taylors' School; joined Miss Herbert's company at St. James's, 1866, playing Hastings in She stoops to Conquer; subsequently appeared at many London theatres; joint manager of Court Theatre, 1881-7, during which period he appeared in comic plays by Mr. Pinero and other writers.
^ Nicholas Clayton (1733?–1797), presbyterian divine; educated at Glasgow; pastor at Boston, Lincolnshire, 1769-63, and in Liverpool, 1763-81: divinity tutor at Warrington academy, 1781-3; D.D. Edinburgh, 1782; pastor in Nottingham, 1785-95.
^ Richard Clayton (d. 1612), dean of Peterborough; entered St. John's College, Cambridge, 1572; B.A. Oxford, 1576: fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1577; M.A., 1579: D.D., 1592; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 159:}; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1596; master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1595; built the second court there; canon, 1596, and dean, 1607, of Peterborough.
^ Sir Richard Clayton (d. 1828), translator; inherited Adlington, Lancashire, 1770; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1771; created baronet, 1774; recorder of Wigan, 1815; consul at Nantes; published essays and translations, 1790-1817.
^ Sir Robert Clayton or Cleton (1629–1707), politician; a London scrivener: bought Bletchingley, Surrey, 1677; alderman of London, 1670-88: sheriff and knighted, 1671; lord mayor, 1679-80; M.P., London, 16791681; advocated the Exclusion Bill: one of the committee to defend the city charter, 1682; M.P., 1689-1707; benefactor of St. Thomas's Hospital and Christ's Hospital.
^ Robert Clayton (1695–1758), Irish bishop; born in Dublin; educated at Westminster School; B.A. and fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1714; LL.D., 1722; D.D., 1730; travelled; inherited estates in Lancashire, 1728; bishop of Killala and Achonry, 1730; bishop of Cork and Ross, 1755; bishop of Clogher, 1745; denied the archbishopric of Tuam, Ixnntf accused of Arianism, 1752; threatened with prosecution for heresy, 1757; published sermons and theological works, 173K-57.
^ Thomas Clayton (fl. 1706), composer; a member of William III's band, 1692-1702; travelled in Italy, 1702-4; introduced Italian opera at Drury Lane, 1706-fl, succeeding with Arsinoe 1705, but failing with Rosamond 1707.
^ Sir Anthony Cleasby (1804–1879), judge; at Eton, 1820-3: fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1828; M.A., 1830; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1831; gained lucrative commercial practice; unsuccessful as candidate for parliament, 1862-67: baron of the exchequer, 1868-78; knighted, 1868; unsuccessful on the bench.
^ Richard Cleasby (1797–1847), philologist: broker's clerk in London; studied in Italy and Germany from 1824, becoming a master of CJerman dialects; visited Denmark and Sweden, 1834 and 1839-40; began an * Icelandic-English Dictionary (published by Gudbrand Vigfusson, 1873).
^ Euseby Cleaver (1746–1819), archbishop of Dublin; educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1770: D.D., 1783; rector of Spofforth, Yorkshire, 1774-83; rector of Tillington and Petworth, Sussex, 1783; prebendary of Chicheater, 1787; chaplain to the lord lieutenant'of Ireland, 1787: bishop of Cork, 1789, and of Ferns, 1789; archbishop of Dublin, 1809; became imbecile,
^ William Cleaver (1742–1815), bishop of St. Asaph; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1761; fellow of Brasenose College; M.A., 1764; principal of Braseuose, 1785-1809; prebendary of Westminster, 1784; bishop of Chester, 1787, of Bangor, 1800, and of St. Asaph, 1806; mostly non-resident; published some classical texts; chiefly remembered by De Quincey's encomiums.
^ Bourchier Cleeve (1715–1760), writer on finance; a London pewterer; bought Foots Cray Place, Kent, c. 1755; published scheme for reducing the national ! debt, 1756.
^ James Clegg (1679–1755), presbyterian minister; M.D.; minister and physician at Malcalf, 1702, and, ! 1711-55. at Chinley; published sermons, 1721-36.
^ John Clegg (1714?–1746), violinist; born in ; Ireland: trained in Italy; a professional of repute in London, 1723-44; confined in Bedlam, 1744-6.
^ Samuel Clegg, the younger (1814–1856), engineer; son of Samuel Clegg (1781-1861); surveyor in Portugal, 1836; railway engineer; professor of engineering at Putney, and at Chatham, 1849-56; published treatise on coal-gas, 1850.
^ Samuel Clegg, the elder (1781–1861), gas engineer; educated in Manchester; apprentice to Boulton & Watt, engineers, Soho: a pioneer of gas-lighting in Yorkshire, and (1813) London; invented the water gas-meter; gas engineer at Lisbon.
^ George Cleghorn (1716–1789), physician; educated at Edinburgh; army surgeon at Minorca, 1736-49: M.D.; published observations on diseases epidemic in Minorca, 1751; lecturer and professor of anatomy in Dublin, 1751-89.
^ James Cleghorn (1778–1838), actuary; farmer, and, in 1811, journalist in Edinburgh; became an accountant of repute.
^ Francis Clein or Cleyn (1590?-1658), draughtsman; born at Rostock, Germany; patronised by Christian IV of Denmark: studied in Italy; engaged by James I as designer for the Mortlake tapestry works, 1623; pensioned by Charles I, 1625; book-illustrator, 1637-50.
^ James Cleland (1770–1840), statistician; a Glasgow cabinet-maker: superintendent of public works, London, 1814; took the census of Glasgow, 1819, 1821, 1831; published histories of Glasgow, 1816-36.
^ John Cleland (1709–1789), novelist; entered Westminster School, 1722; consul at Smyrna; East India Company's servant at Bombay, 1736; wandered over Europe; published his first novel, Fanny Hill 1760; pensioned; journalist in London, 1757; published novels and dramatic pieces.
^ William Cleland (1661?–1689), covenanter; educated at St. Andrews, 1676; fought at Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge, 1679; took part in Argyll's invasion, 1686; escaped to Holland; returned to Scotland to agitate for the Prince of Orange, 1688; killed in action at Dunkeld; his poems posthumously published, 1697.
^ William Cleland (1674?–1741). friend of Pope; student at Utrecht; served in Spain, 1705; commissioner of customs in Scotland; commissioner of taxes in England, 1723.
^ Clement Scotus I (fl. 745), bishop among the Franks; probably a native of Ireland; resisted the Romanising policy of Archbishop Boniface of Mentz; deposed and imprisoned by Boniface as married and a heretic, 744; sentence confirmed, 746.
^ Clement Scotus II (ft. 820), grammarian; left Ireland for France, c. 772: taught at Charles the Great's court; died probably at Würzburg; reputed author of two Latin grammatical tracts; often confused with Clemens Scotus I, and with Claudius (d. 839?), wrongly called Clemens Claudius, bishop of Turin, a Spaniard.
^ Clement of Llanthony (d. 1190?), known also as Clement of Gloucester, theological writer ; canon, sub-prior, and prior of Llanthony, where he was educated. His works include Concordia Quatuor Evangelistarum extant in several manuscripts, and other commentaries.
^ Caesar Clement (d. 1626), Roman catholic divine; educated at Douay, Rheims, and Rome; priest, 1585; D.D.; dean of St. Gudule's, Brussels.
^ Gregory Clement (d. 1660), regicide Spanish merchant in London; M.P., Camelford, 1647-52; sat in the high court of justice and signed Charles I's death warrant; executed.
^ John Clement or Clements (d. 1572), physician; educated at St. Paul's School; tutor in Sir Thomas More's family; M.D.; Cardinal Wolsey's lecturer in rhetoric, Oxford, c. 1519; subsequently reader in Greek; president of the College of Physicians, London, 1544; a strong Romanist; withdrew to Louvain, 1547; practised medicine in Essex, 1554-9; withdrew to Mechlin, 1569.
^ Margaret Clement or Clements (1508-1570), nee Giggs; kinswoman of Sir Thomas More; married John Clement, c. 1530; died at Mechlin.
^ William Innell Clement (d. 1852), part proprietor of the Observer c. 1814; proprietor of the Morning Chronicle 1821-34, and of Bell's Life.
^ Michael Clements (d. 1796?), naval officer; as lieutenant, distinguished himself in action, 1767; commanded frigate, 1757; took part in capture of Thurot's squadron at Belfast, 1760; served in the Mediterranean, 1760-3 and 1770; defended Admiral Keppel, 1778, and was shamefully neglected by the admiralty in consequence; retired, 1787; titular rear-admiral.
^ Andrew Clench (d. 1692), physician : M.D.Cambridge, 1671; fellow of the College of Physicians, London, 1680; murdered, 1692.
^ John Clench (d. 1607), judge ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1668; baron of the exchequer, 1681; justice of the queen's bench, 1584-1603.
^ Luke Clennell (1781–1840), wood engraver and painter; trained by Thomas Bewick, 1797-1804; wood engraver in London, 1804-10; exhibited watercolour paintings, 1812-18; was insane from 1817 till death.
^ Maurice Clenocke or Clynog (fl.–1580?), divine; a Welshman; B.C.L. Oxford, 1548; chaplain to Cardinal Pole; a pluralist; nominated by Queen Mary to the see of Bangor, 1558; withdrew to Rome, 1560; officer of the hospital for English pilgrims, 1567; rector of the English college, 1578-9: drowned at sea.
^ John Clephane (d. 1758), physician ; M.D. St. Andrews, 1729; army physician; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1761,
^ Charles Louis Clérisseau (1721–1820), architectural draughtsman; born in Paris; long resident in Rome, sketching ancient buildings; exhibited in London, 1772-90, and in Paris, 1773-1808; invited to Pt. burg, 1783; died near Paris.
^ Sir George Clerk (1787–1867), statesman : of Penicuik: succeeded as sixth baronet, 1798; educated at Edinburgh and, 1806. Trinity College, Oxford; advocate at Scottish bar, 1809; D.C.L. Oxford, 1810; M.P., 1811-62; lord of the admiralty, 1819-27; under-secretary for home affairs, 1830; master of the mint, 1845-6.
^ Sir George Russell Clerk (1800–1889), Indian civilian; educated at Haileybury College; writer in East India Company's service, 1817, and subsequently held successively several subordinate positions; political agent at Ambala, 1831; British envoy at Lahore; governor of Bombay, 1846-8 and 1860-2; K.C.B., 1848; permanent under-secretary to India board, 1856, and secretary, 1867; permanent under-secretary of state for India, 1858; member of Indian council, 1863; G.C.S.I., 1866.
^ John Clerk (d. 1541), bishop of Bath and Wells : M.A. Cambridge, 1502; LL.D. Bologna; rector of Hothfield, Kent, 1508, with other benefices; dean of Windsor, 1519; chaplain and agent of Wolsey: envoy to Rome, 1521; master of the rolls, 1522-3: bishop of Bath and Wells, 1523; tried to obtain the papacy for Wolsey, 1523; envoy to France, 1526, and to Rome, 1527; assented to Henry VIII's divorce, 1529; envoy to Cleves, 1540.
^ John Clerk (d. 1552), Roman catholic writer; educated at Oxford: visited France and Italy; secretary to Thomas, duke of Norfolk; committed suicide in the Tower; published translations and theological pieces.
^ Sir John Clerk (1684-1755), of Penicuik; antiquary; advocate; M.P. in Scottish parliament, 1702-7; a commissioner for the union, 1707: judge of the exchequer court in Scotland, 1708-55; succeeded as second baronet, 1722: patron of Allan Ramsay; collected antiquities; wrote antiquarian tracts.
^ John Clerk (1728-1812), naval writer; of Eldin; younger son of Sir John Clerk; successful merchant in Edinburgh; practised drawing and etching, 1770; bought Eldin, near Edinburgh, c. 1773; wrote an Essay on Naval Tactics privately printed, 1782, published, 1790, and enlarged, 1797.
^ John Clerk, Lord Eldin (1757–1832), Scottish judge; eldest son of John Clerk (1728-1812); apprentice to a writer to the signet; accountant; advocate, 1785; lord of session, 1823-8; failed as a judge.
^ Josiah Clerk (1639–1714), physician; entered Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1656; M.D., 1666; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1675; president, 1708.
^ Matthew Clerk (1659–1735), Irish presbyterian; served in siege of Derry, 1689; minister of Kilrea, co. Derry, 1697-1729; wrote against non-subscription to the Westminster Confession, 1721; minister and schoolmaster at Londonderry, New Hampshire, 1729.
^ William Clerk (d. 1665), civilian ; LL.D. Cambridge, 1629; practised at Doctors Commons, 1629; a judge of the admiralty, 1651; published a law pamphlet, 1631.
^ Sir George Clerk-Maxwell (1715–1784), of Penicuik; second son of Sir John Clerk; educated at Edinburgh and Leyden; assumed the name Clerk-Maxwell on marrying the heiress of Middlebie, Dumfriesshire; succeeded to baronetcy and Penicuik estate, 1782; wrote on farming.
^ James Clerk-Maxwell (1831–1879), first professor of experimental physics at Cambridge; contributed papers to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, on curves, 1846 and 1849, and on the equilibrium of elastic solids, 1850; left Edinburgh for Cambridge: fellow of Trinity College, 1865; professor of natural philosophy at Aberdeen, 1856-80, and at King's College, London, 1860-6; elected without opposition to the new chair of experimental physics at Cambridge, 1871; his essay on 'Saturn's Rings' gained the Adams prize, 1857; and his studies on the kinetic theory of gases are described in many papers, but his theories are not altogether accepted now; investigated the theory of colours in relation to colour-blindness, on which he read a paper before the Royal Society, 1860, and gained the Rumford medal. His best-known researches, dealing with electricity and magnetism, commenced 1856; and the theories he formulated in his treatise, 1873, daily gain more and more acceptance; foremost physicists are engaged in developing his ideas; he also turned his attention to electrical measurements and the velocity of propagation of electro-magnetic waves. He founded a scholarship in experimental physics at Cambridge.
^ Bartholomew Clerke (1537?–1590), civilian; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1557: M.A., 1562; studied at Paris; proctor at Cambridge, 1564 and 1569; LL.D.; M.P. for Bramber, 1571; secretary to Thomas Sackville, lord Buckhurst, 1571; dean of arches, 1573; archdeacon of Wells, 1582; employed in the Low Countries, 1585-7; published a reply to Nicholas Sanders, 1573, and other works.
^ Charles Clerke (1741–1779), circumnavigator; entered the navy, c. 1755; sailed round the world with John Byron, 1764-6; alleged that the Patagonians were eight feet high; master's mate in James Cook's voyage, 1768-71; lieutenant in Cook's second voyage, 1772-5; commanded ship in Cook's third voyage, 1776.
^ Francis Clerke or Clarke (fl. 1594), civilian; practised at Doctors Commons, 1559; B.C.L. Oxford, 1594; wrote Latin manuals of the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts.
^ Gilbert Clerke (1626–1697?), mathematician; entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1641; fellow, 1648-55; presbyterian minister, 1651; lived in retirement; published Latin mathematical and theological treatises, 1660-95.
^ Henry Clerke (d. 1687), physician; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford: fellow, 1642-67; M.A., 1644; M.D., 1652; president, 1672-87.
^ Richard Clerke (d. 1634), divine; D.D. Christ's College, Cambridge; vicar of Minster, Thanet, 1597; one of the six preachers at Canterbury, 1602; one of the translators of the Old Testament; his sermons published, 1637.
^ Thomas Henry Shadwell Clerke (1792-1849), military journalist; ensign, 1808; disabled by wounds for field service, 1811; major, 1830; editor of Coulburn's United Service Magazine 1829-42.
^ William Clerke (fl. 1595), reputed author of The Triall of Bastardie 1594, and Polimanteia 1595; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1575; fellow, 1579; M.A., 1582.
^ Sir William Henry Clerke (1751–1818), baronet; of Christ Church, Oxford, 1769; B.C.L. All SoulsCollege, 1778; succeeded as eighth baronet, 1778; rector of Bury, Lancashire, 1778; imprisoned for debt; published sermons and pamphlets.
^ Michael Clery (1575–1643). See Michael O'Clery
^ Cleveland first Duke of, second creation. See William Harry Vane–1766–1842.
^ Duchess of Cleveland (1641–1709). See Barbara Villiers.
^ Earl of Cleveland (1591–1667). See Thomas Wentworth.
^ Augustus Cleveland (1755–1784), magistrate of Boglipoor, Bengal.
^ John Cleveland (1613–1658), cavalier poet; entered Christ's College, Cambridge, 1627; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1634-45; M.A., 1635: tutor; opposed Cromwell's election as M.P. for Cambridge borough, 1640; ejected as a royalist, 1645; his verses famous in royalist circles; judge-advocate at Newark, 1645-6; imprisoned at Yarmouth, 1655; released by Cromwell; published Poems 1656; his works re-edited, 1677, as Clievelandl Vindiciac
^ John Cleveley (1747–1786), marine painter in oiland water-colours; twin-brother of Robert Cleveley; exhibited, as John Cleveley, junior, chiefly views on the Thames, 1767-82; draughtsman in Sir Joseph Banks's voyage to the Hebrides, 1772, and Captain Phipps's to the north seas, 1774.
^ Robert Cleveley (1747–1809), marine painter in oil- and water-colours; twin-brother of John Cleveley ; exhibited, 1780-95.
^ Samuel Cleverley (d. 1824), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1797: went to study on the continent; prisoner in France, 1803-14; practitioner in London, 1815-24.
^ Anne Op Cleves (1515–1557). See Anne.
^ Francis Cleyn (1590?–1658). See Clein.
^ Robert de Cliderhou (d. 1339?), justiciar; of Bayley, near Clitheroe, Lancashire; a clerk of chancery under Edward I and Edward II; justice Itinerant for Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, 1311; king's escheator, north of Trent, 1316 ?-18; parson of Wigan from before 1321 till death; fined for supporting Lancaster, 1323: built chapel at Bayley, 1331.
^ Henry de Cliff (d. 1334), judge ; a master In chancery before 1317; auditor of petitions, 1320; canon of York, 1324; master of the rolls, 1325-34.
^ Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery (1590-1676), heiress of George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland; Involved in lawsuits over the estates; educated by Samuel Daniel, the poet; married, firstly, February 1609, Richard Sackville, lord Buckhurst (earl of Dorset, 1609); claimed the barony of Clifford, 1628; married, secondly, 1630, Philip Herbert, earl of Pembroke and Montgomery (d. 1660); lived unhappily with both husbands; inherited the Clifford estates, 1643; passionately fond of building; wrote an autobiography,
^ Arthur Clifford (1778–1830), antiquary; at Stonyhurst College, 1795; published letters of Sir Ralph Sadler, 1809, Tixall Poetry 1813, and Tixall Letters 1815; published also a history of the Cliffords, a history of Tixall parish, and educational pamphlets.
^ Sir Augustus William James Clifford (1788-1877), usher of the black rod (1832-77); educated at Harrow; entered the navy, 1800; served in West Indies, 1803, and Mediterranean, 1807-12; captain, 1812; rear-admiral,;1848; admiral of the red, 1864; M.P. for Irish constituencies, 1818-32; knighted, 1830; created baronet, 1838.
^ Sir Conyers Clifford (d. 1599), military commander; of Bobbing Court, Kent; knighted, 1591; -M.P. for Pembroke, 1593; hon. M.A. Cambridge, 1595; sergeant-major in the Cadiz expedition, 1596; president of Connaught, 1597; killed in battle with the Irish.
^ George Clifford , third Earl of Cumberland (1558-1606), naval commander; eldest son of Henry de Clifford, second earl of Cumberland; succeeded as third earl, 1570; ward of Francis Russell, second earl of Bedford; at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1571-4; M.A., 1576; a gambler; wasted his estates; commanded a queen's ship against the Armada, 1588; a favourite at Elizabeth's court; fitted out ten privateering expeditions, mostly failures, against Spain and Spanish America, 1586-98, sailing personally with those of 1589, 1591, 1593, and 1598.
^ Henry de Clifford, fourteenth Baron Clifford and tenth Baron of Westmoreland, first Baron Vesci (1456?–1523), celebrated in Wordsworth's 'Brougham Castle and White Doe of Rylstone; eldest son of John de Clifford, thirteenth baron, who was attainted and his estates forfeited, 1461; brought up as a shepherd; restored to titles and estates, 1485; summoned to parliament, 1486-97; received the submission of the I Yorkshire rebels, 1486; fought at Flodden, 1613; studied astrology.
^ Henry de Clifford, first Earl of Cumberland, fifteenth Baron Clifford, eleventh Baron of Westmoreland, and second Baron Vesci (1493–1542), eldest son of Henry de Clifford, fourteenth baron: page to Henry VIII: styled Sir Harry Clifford: sheriff of Yorkshire, 1522; led his father's forces against the Scots, 1522; succeeded to the barony, 1523; in constant service against the Scots and often warden of the marches, 1523-34: created Earl of Cumberland, 1625; accepted Henry VIII's divorce, 1529: besieged in Skipton Castle by the northern insurgents, 1536; rewarded with church lands.
^ Henry de Clifford , second Earl of Cumberland, sixteenth Baron Clifford, twelfth Baron of Westmoreland and third BARON VESCI (d. 1570), eldest son of Henry de Clifford, first earl; styled Lord Clifford; succeeded to title and estates, 1542: withdrew from court, 1547; favoured Mary Queen of Scots, 1569; alchemist.
^ Henry Clifford, fifth Earl of Cumberland (1591-1643), entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1607; B.A., 1609; K.B., 1610; summoned to the peers as Baron Clifford, 1628-9; lord lieutenant of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmoreland, 1636-9; raised troops for Charles I's Scottish wars, 1639-40; succeeded to earldom, 1641; commanded royalist forces in Yorkshire, 1G42: besieged in York, 1642; wrote verses.
^ Henry Clifford (1768–1813), legal writer; of a Roman catholic family of Tixall, Staffordshire; educated at Liege; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1792; published pamphlets, 1790-1810.
^ Sir Henry Hugh Clifford (1826–1883), majorgeneral; third son of Hugh Charles Clifford, seventh baron Clifford; entered the army, 1846; served in South Africa, 1847 and 1862-3; served in the Crimea. 1854-6; V.O.; brevet major; served in China, 1857-8; brevet colonel; staff officer at home station?, 1860-75; majorgeneral, 1869; controlled lines of communication in Zulu war, 1879; K.C.M.G., 1879.
^ Hugh Charles Clifford , seventh Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1790–1858), educated at Stonyhurst; served in the Peninsula; succeeded to barony, 1831; lived chiefly in Italy; died at Rome; published political pamphlets.
^ James Clifford (1622–1698), musician ; sou of an Oxford cook; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1632-42; minor canon of St. Paul's, London, 1661: sacrist, 1682; published Divine Services and Anthems 1663, and sermons.
^ John de Clifford , thirteenth Baron Clifford, ninth Baron of Westmoreland (1435 ?-1461), son of Thomas de Clifford, twelfth baron; led troops to London to demand compensation for his father's death, 1458; reconciled to the Yorkist lords and attainted with them, 1459; summoned to parliament, 1460; fought against Yorkists at Wakefield, 1460; nicknamed the Butcher for his cruelty; fell at Ferrybridge; attainted by the Yorkists. 1461.
^ Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland (1660?–1616), youngest daughter of Francis Russell, earl of Bedford; married, 1577, George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland; separated from her husband; engaged in lawsuits to secure her daughter's estates, 1605 .
^ Martin Clifford (c.1624–1677), headmaster, freethinker and poet; author of 'A Treatise of Humane Reason' 1674; educated at Westminster and Cambridge (Trinity College); Court wit, 1660s; wrote anonymously against Dryden; master of the Charterhouse, 1671.
^ Richard Clifford (d. 1421), bishop of London; canon of St. Stephen's, Westminster, 1385: imprisoned as a favourite of Richard II, 1388; guardian of the privy seal, 1388-1400; pluralist; dean of York, 1398; nominated by the pope to the see of Bath and Wells, 1401: bishop of Worcester, August, 1401; translated to London, 1407; presided at the trials for heresy of Sir John Oldcastle, 1413, and of John Clayton, 1415; attended the council of Constance, 1416-17; obtained the papacy for Martin V, 1417.
^ Robert de Clifford , fifth Baron Clifford, first Baron of Westmoreland (1273-1314), succeeded to the Clifford estates, 1285, and to Brougham Castle and half the Vipont estates in Westmoreland, c. 1 -j-.il y; justice of forests north of Trent, 1297-1305; warden of the marches and governor of Carlisle, 1297; constantly fiihting iigainst the Scots from 1297; summoned to parliament. 1299-1313: took Caerlnverock Castle, 1300; granted part of Robert Bruce's English estates, 1306; granted Skipton Castle, 1310: a favourite of Edward II; joined baronial party, 1311; made his peace with Edward II, 1313; failed to relieve Stirling Castle, 23 June 1314; slain next day at Bannockbnrn.
^ Roger de Clifford (d. 1285?). soldier and judge; succeeded to his patrimony, as a minor, c. 1231: attended Henry III to France, 1259; sided with De Montfort, 1262-4; aided Henry III at the siege of Nottingham, 1264; justice of the forests south of Trent; fought for Henry III at Lewes and in the Welsh marches, 1264, and at Evesham, 1265; granted estates in Warwickshire and Leicestershire; attended Prince Edward on the crusade, 1270-4; commissioner in Wales, 1274; envoy to France, 1275; justice in Wales, 1279; taken prisoner by the Welsh insurgents, 1282.
^ Roger de Clifford , ninth Lord Clifford, fifth Baron of Westmoreland (1333-1389), served in Flanders, 1345, and against the Spanish fleet, 1350; succeeded his brother in the estates, c. 1352; summoned to parliament, 1356-88; served in Gascony, 1355, 1369-60, in Ireland, 1361, 1368, in France, 1373, and in Brittany, 1388; frequently warden of the west marches, fighting against Scots, 1370-88; governor of Carlisle, 1377.
^ Rosamond Clifford (Fair Rosamond) (d. 1176 ?), daughter of Walter de Clifford; probably acknowledged as mistress of Henry II, 1174; buried in the choir of Godstow Abbey; her remains removed to the chapter-house, c. 1191; her story already famous, 1274.
^ Thomas de Clifford, tenth Baron Clifford, sixth Baron of Westmoreland (d. 1391 ?), eldest son of Roger de Clifford, ninth baron; in attendance on Richard II, 1385; governor of Carlisle and warden of the marches, 1386; banished from court by the baronial party, 1388; succeeded to barony, 1390; summoned to "parliament, 1390-1: slain in Germany.
^ Thomas de Clifford, twelfth Baron Clifford, eighth Baron of Westmoreland (1414-1455), succeeded to barony, 1422; attended Bedford in France, 1436; raised troops against the Scots, 1435; summoned to parliament, 1436; called on for aid in the relief of Calais, 1452 and 1454; slain at St. Albans.
^ Thomas Clifford , first Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1630–1673), of Ugbrooke, Devonshire ; a concealed Romanist entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1647, and the Middle Temple, 1648; travelled; M.P., Totnes, 1660-72; joined court party, 1663; a commissioner for the care of the sick and wounded, 1664; a trustee for the Duke of Monmouth, 1665; knighted; a confidant of i Arlington: envoy to Denmark, 1665; served at sea, 1665-6; comptroller (1666), and treasurer (1668) of the household; cognisant of Charles II's wishes to establish i Roman Catholicism in England, 1669; intrigued in France i against the triple alliance, 1669; privy to secret clauses j of treaty of Dover, December 1670: granted estates by Charles II, 1671: acting secretary of state, 1672; advised I the suspension of exchequer payments, and the Declaration i of Indulgence, 1672; created Baron Clifford, 1672; lord I high treasurer, 1672; resigned under the Test Act, 1673.
^ Walter de Clifford (rf. 1190?), inherited estates in Herefordshire and other counties; obtained barony of Clifford before 1138, through his mother or by marriage; owned estates in Shropshire; fought with the Welsh, 1167-64.
^ William Clifford (d. 1670), divine: pretender to the barony of Clifford; educated at Douay; missioner in England; rector of the English college, Lisbon: superior of Tournay College, Paris; published devotional tracts.
^ William Kingdon Clifford (1846–1879), mathematician and metaphysician; educated at King's College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge; second wnnrlor; irllow, 1HC8; professor of applied mathematics, University College, Ixndon, 1H71; wrote philosophical treatises, conceiving of consciousness as being built up out of simple elements of mind-stuff: K.K.S., 1*74: attacked by consumption, 187G; died at Madeira; his mathematical works published, 1879-85.
^ William Clift (1775–1849), naturalist; early showed talent for drawing; secretary to John Hunter the physician, 1792-3; caretaker of Hunter's collections, 1793-1844; F.R.S., 1823; osteologist and medicul draughtsman; contributed to scientific journals.
^ Francis Clifton (d. 1736), physician; M.D. Leyden, 1724; practitioner in London; withdrew to Jaiimica, 1734; published medical tracts, 1724-34.
^ John Clifton C. (1781–1841), composer of songs and glees; clerk in the stationery office: professional musician at Bath, and, 1802, at Dublin; music master in London, 1818; died insane.
^ Richard Clifton (d. 1616), puritan; possibly vicar of Marnham, 1585, and rector of Babworth, Nottingham-hire, 1586; Brownist minister at Scrooby; minister at Amsterdam, 1610; wrote controversial tracts, 1610-12.
^ Robert Cox Clifton (1810–1861), divine; B.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1831; fellow, 1838; chaplain to Manchester Collegiate Church, 1837, and fellow, 1843; rector of Somerton, Oxfordshire, 1843-61; canon of Manchester, 1840.
^ Henry Cline (1760–1827), surgeon; trained in London; practised from 1774; lecturer on anatomy to St. Thomas's Hospital, 1781-1811, and surgeon, 1784-1811; a strong whig.
^ Alfred Clint (1807–1883), etcher and marine painter; son of George Clint; exhibited, 1828-79, at first portraits, afterwards coast views.
^ George Clint (1770–1854), portrait painter and engraver; a house-painter; miniature painter, c. 1808; much employed on theatrical portraits; mezzotint engraver,
^ Scipio Clint (1805–1839), medallist and sealengraver; son of George Clint; first exhibited, 1825.
^ Charles Clinton (1690–1773), American colonist, of co. Longford; emigrated, 1729; settled as a farmer in New York State, 1731; colonel of militia; commanded regiment against Canada, 1758.
^ Charles John Fynes Clinton (1799–1872), divine; educated at Westminster and Oriel College, Oxford; B.A., 1821; rector of Cromwell, Nottinghamshire, 1828; published sermons.
^ Edward Fiennes de Clinton, ninth Baron Clinton and Saye, and first Earl of Lincoln (1512-1585), lord high admiral; a royal ward, 1517; in attendance on Henry VIII, 1532; married, 1534, Elizabeth Blount, Henry VIII's mistress; summoned to parliament, 1636; served in the fleet against the Scots and French, 1544-7; governor of Boulogne, 1547; lord high admiral, 1550-4 and 1558-85; governor of the Tower, 1553-4; abandoned Lady Jane Grey and made his peace with Mary, 1564; held command in expedition to support Spaniards at St. Quentin, 1557; commanded the fleet against France, 1558; in attendance on Elizabeth, 1564; joint-commander against the northern rebels, 1569; commanded in North Sea, 1570; created Earl of Lincoln, 1672; envoy to France, 1572.
^ Geoffrey de Clinton (fl. 1130), chamberlain and treasurer to Henry I; in attendance on Henry I before 1123; founded Kenilworth Prior, 1126; accused of treason, 1130.
^ Sir Henry Clinton , the elder (1738?-1795), general; born in Newfoundland, of which his father was governor; captain of the New York militia; lieutenant, Ooldstream guards, 1751; lieutenant-colonel: served in Germany, 1760-3; major-general, 1772; M.P., 1773-84; fought at Bunker's Hill, 1776; second in command in America, 1776; K.B., 1777; commander-in-chief, 1778; took Charleston, 1780; quarrelled with his second in command, Lord Cornwallis; resigned, 1781; M.P., 1790: vrenenil, 17J3; governor of Gibraltar, 1794: died at Gibraltar.
^ Sir Henry Clinton , the younger (1771–1829), general; younger son of Sir Henry Clinton the elder ; ensign, 1787; served in Holland, 1788-9; captain, 1791; aide-de-camp to the Duke of York, 1793; lieutenant-colonel, 1795; prisoner in France, 1796-7; military attache with the Russian army in Italy, 1799; adjutant-general in India, 1802-5; military attache with the Russian army at Austerlitz, 1806; commandant at Syracuse, 1806-7; M.P., 1808-18; adjutant-general in Sir John Moore's campaign, 1808-9; major-general, 1810: commanded sixth division in Peninsula, 1811-14; K.B., 1813; lieutenant-general, 1814; at Waterloo, 1815.
^ Henry Fiennes Clinton , ninth Earl of Lincoln and second Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1720-1794), succeeded his brother in earldom, 1730; cofferer of the household, 1764; succeeded his uncle in dukedom, 1768; gave himself up to sport.
^ Henry Fynes Clinton (1781–1852), chronologist; son of Charles Fynes, a Nottinghamshire clergyman, who assumed the name Clinton in 1821; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1805; well read in Greek; M.P., Aldborough, 1806-26; inherited a fortune, 1811; bought Welwyn, Hertfordshire, 1810; issued his standard works, Fasti Hellenici, 1824-30, and Fasti Romani 1845-50; epitomes of them published, 1851-3.
^ Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fourth Duke of Newcastle (1785-1851), grandson of Henry Fiennes Clinton, second duke; succeeded to dukedom, 1795; at Eton, 1796-1803, prisoner in France, 1803-7; married a wealthy heiress, 1807; lord-lieutenant of Nottinghamshire, 1809-39; an object of mob violence, 1830-1; withdrew from politics, 1832; bought Worksop; published pamphlets.
^ Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fifth Duke of Newcastle (1811-1864), eldest son of Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fourth duke ; styled Earl of Lincoln; at Eton, 1826; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1832; M.P., 1832-51; chief secretary for Ireland, February-July 1846; divorced his wife, 1860; succeeded to dukedom, 1851; secretary for war and the colonies, 1852-4; secretary for war, 1864-5; visited the Crimea, 1855; colonial secretary 1869-64; visited Canada, 1860.
^ Sir William Henry Clinton (1769–1846), general; elder son of Sir Henry Clinton the elder; cornet, 1784; captain, 1790; served in Flanders, 1793; lieutenantcolonel, 1794; aide-de-camp to the Duke of York, 1796; governor of Madeira, 1801-2; M.P., 1806-30; majorgeneral, 1808; served in Sicily and Spain, 1812-13; G.C.B., 1815: lieutenant-general of ordnance, 1825-9; commanded British forces in Portugal, 1826-8; general, 1830.
^ John Clipstone (fl. 1378), theological writer; D.D. Cambridge; Carmelite friar of Nottingham.
^ Augustus Clissold (1797?–1882), Swedenborgian; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1821; curate of Stoke Newington; joined the Swedenborgians, 1838; published Swedenborgian tracts, 1838-79; benefactor of the New Church
^ Stephen Clissold (1790?–1863), writer of pamphlets on trade, 1815-38; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1822; rector of Wrentham, Suffolk, 1830-53.
^ Sir Christopher Clitherow (d. 1641), merchant; member of the East India Company, 1601; subscribed for the discovery of a north-west passage, 1612; master of the IronmongersCompany, 1618 and 1624; alderman of London, 1625-41: sheriff, 1625: M.P. London, 1628; lord mayor, 1635; knighted, 1636; an Eastland merchant, 1638; benefactor of Christ's Hospital,
^ Margaret Clitherow (d. 1586), the martyr of York; daughter of Thomas Middleton, wax-chandler, York; married, 1671, John Clitherow, butcher; embraced Roman Catholicism, 1574; imprisoned as a recusant; barbarously executed for harbouring priests.
^ Caroline Clive (1801–1873), authoress; nit. Meysey-Wigley: married, 1840, the Rev. Archer Clive (d. 1878); accidentally burnt to death; published, chiefly under the initial V. verses and novels, 1840-72, Including * Paul Ferroll 1855.
^ Catherine Clive, commonly known as Kitty Clive (1711–1785), actress; of Irish extraction; nee Raftor; employed by Colley Cibber at Drury Lane, 17281741; made her mark in comedy, 1731; married George Olive, a barrister, before 1784; travestied the part of Portia,* 1741; visited Dublin, 1741; a favourite with Handel; sang in Handel's Samson 1742; employed by Garrick at Drury Lane, 1746-69; pensioned by Horace Walpole; wrote dramatic sketches, 1753-65.
^ Sir Edward Clive (1704–1771), judge ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1725; M.P. St. Michael's, Cornwall, 1741; baron of the exchequer, 1745; justice of common pleas, 1753-70; knighted, 1753.
^ Edward Clive , first Earl of Powis (1754–1839), governor of Madras; eldest son of Robert Clive, baron Clive; succeeded to the Irish barony, 1774; M.P., Ludlow, 1774-94; created Baron Clive of Walcot, in the British peerage, 1794; governor of Madras, 1798-1803; created Earl of Powis, 1804.
^ Robert Clive, Baron Clive (1725–1774), governor of Bengal; eldest son of an impoverished Shropshire squire; exhibited a turbulent and masterful temper at school; offered writerehip in the East India Company's service, 1743; reached Madras penniless and hi debt owing to an exceptionally protracted voyage, 1744; friendless and miserable; tried to shoot himself; taken prisoner by Labourdonnais at Madras, September 1746; escaped to Fort St. David; ensign, 1747; showed great bravery at the unsuccessful siege of Pondicherry, 1748; lieutenant under Major Stringer Lawrence at Devikota; commissariat officer; twice sent in charge of reinforcements to Trichinopoly; captain; allowed to try his plan of attacking Arcot, capital of the Oarnatic; marched from Madras, and occupied Arcot, 1751; besieged by ten thousand troops 23 Sept.-14 Nov.; beat off all attacks, having only eighty Europeans and 150 Sepoys efficient; reinforced, 15 Nov.; defeated the enemy at Ami; twice took Con jeveram: defeated the French and natives at Caveripak; helped Major Lawrence to take Trichinopoly; reduced Covelong and Ohingleput; invalided to England, 1753; paid his father's debts; tried to enter parliament; appointed lieutenant-colonel; reached Bombay, 1755; helped to reduce Gheriah, the stronghold of the pirate Angria, 1756; took charge of Fort St. David, 20 June 1756 (the day before theBlack Holeof Calcutta); recovered Calcutta and Hugli; came to terms with Suraj ud Dowlah, the guilty nawab of Bengal; captured Chandernagore; discovered the nawab's intended treachery; negotiated privately with his general Mir Jaffler, through the Hindu Omichand; cheated Omichand by having two treaties drawn up, one of them fictitious; marched against the nawab, and won the great victory of Plassey, 1767; installed Mir Jaffier as nawab; accepted from him a large present and the quit-rent of the company's territory; governor of the company's Bengal possessions, 1757-60; repulsed the Dutch attempt to found a rival colony at Chinsura, 1759; sailed for England, 1760; M.P., Shrewsbury, 17601774; created Baron Clive in the Irisb peerage, 1762; sent out to put down abuses in Bengal; assumed the governorship of Bengal, 1765; reformed the civil administration; restored military discipline and pensioned the nawab of Bengal; obtained for the company the lordship of the province; created, out of a legacy from Mir Jaffier, a pension fund for disabled officers; returned to England in shattered health, 1766; rancorously attacked by politicians and others; went through a parliamentary inquiry, 1772-3; became a victim to opium; committed suicide.
^ Robert Clobery (1719–1800). See Robert Glynn.
^ Sir Abraham Josias Cloëté (1794–1886), general; born at the Cape; cornet, 1809; captain, 1812; lieutenant-colonel, 1837; general, 1871; stationed in England, 1809-13; aide-de-camp to the governor, Cape Colony, 1813-17; in India, 1817-19; superintended thesettlers of 1820 at Oape Colony; town major of Cape Town, 1822 1840: K.H., 1836; on service in South Africa, 1840-54; knighted, 1864; stationed in West Indies, 1855-61; retired, 1877.
^ Alexander Clogie or Clogy(1614–1698), biographer; born in Scotland; educated in Dublin; chaplain to William Bedell, bishop of Kilmore, 1629; beneficad, 1637; persecuted by the Irish rebels, 1641; army chaplain in England, 1643; rector of Wigmore, Herefordshire, 1647-98; wrote memoir of Bishop Bedell, 1675.
^ Cloncurry, second Baron (1773–1853). See Valentine Browne Lawless.
^ Earl Clonmell o (1739–1798). See John Scott.
^ Viscount Clontarff (d. 1560). See John Rawson.
^ Sir Hugh Clopton (d. 1497), lord mayor of London; mercer in London; sheriff of London, 1486; lord mayor, 1492; knighted; built at Stratford-on-Avon, 'New Place(afterwards bought by Shakespeare), 1483, Trinity Chapel, and the stone bridge over the river.
^ Walter de Clopton (d. 1412?), judge ; king's serjeant, 1378; chief-justice of king's bench, 1389-1400; K.B., 1389; became a Franciscan friar at Norwich.
^ Sir Barry Close (d. 1813), major-general ; cadet at Madras, 1771; distinguished himself at the sieges of Seringapatam, 1792 and 1799: resident of Mysore, 1799; resident of Poona, 1801; returned to England, 1811; created baronet.
^ Francis Close (1797–1882), evangelical divine; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1820; M.A., 1825; rector of Cheltenham, 1826; D.D Lambeth, 1856; dean of Carlisle, 1856-81; published sermons and pamphlets, 1825-77.
^ John Close (1816–1891), 'Poet Close' ; son of a butcher at Gunnerside, Swaledale; published tracts of verse; established himself as printer at Kirkby Stephen; attracted patrons by his rhyming, and obtained, 1860, civil service pension, which was withdrawn, 1861, after much public discussion; continued to issue pamphlets of metrical balderdash until his death.
^ Nicholas Close (d. 1452), bishop; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1443; a commissioner to Scotland, 1449; archdeacon of Colchester; D.D.; bishop of Carlisle, 1450; translated to Lichfield, 1462.
^ Thomas Close (1796–1881), antiquary and genealogist.
^ George Closse (fl. 1585), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1579; ejected from the vicarage of Cuckfleld, Sussex, 1581; libelled the lord mayor of London in a sermon at Paul's Cross, 1585.
^ John Closterman (1656–1713), portrait-painter ; born at Osnaburg, Hanover; visited Paris, 1679; came to England, 1681; visited Madrid, 1696, and Italy; painted the Blenheim group of the Duke of Marlborough and his family, c. 1698.
^ Sir John Clotworthy , first Viscount Massereene (d. 1665), an Antrim landowner; opponent of Strafford's Irish administration; M.P., Maldon, 1640; a manager of the proceedings against Strafford; joined in the prosecution of Laud; annoyed Laud on the scaffold, 1645; envoy to Ormonde, 1646; accused by the army leaders of embezzlement, 1647; expelled from the Commons, January 1648; replaced, June 1648; imprisoned, 1648-51; employed in Irish affairs, 1653-4; agent in England for the Irish adventurers and landholding soldiers, 1660; created Viscount Massereene, 1660.
^ Anne Jemima Clough (1820–1892), first principal of Newnham College, Cambridge; sister of Arthur Hugh Clough; resided at Liverpool, where, 1841, she started a school, which she removed to Ambleside, 1852; became acquainted with Miss Emily Davies, Madame Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon, and Miss Buss and others interested in cause of education of women; secretary, 1837-70, and president, 1873-4, of North of England council for promoting higher education of women; head of house of residence for woman students at Cambridge, which ultimately developed into Newnham College.
^ Author Hugh Clough (1819–1881), poet; son of a Liverpool cotton merchant; educated at Rugby, 1829-36; scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, 1837; B.A., 1841; fellow of Oriel College, 1841-8, and tutor, 1843-8; visited Paris, Rome, and Venice, 1848-50; principal of University Hall, Ixmdon, 1849-52; visited Boston, America, 1852-3; cxiimiticr in the education office, London, 1853; risited, In ill-health, Greece, the Pyrenees, Italy, 1861; died at Florence; published his first poem, 1848; revised a translation of Plutarch's Lives 1869-60; his poems and letters published, 1869.
^ Richard Olouqh (d. 1570), merchant; chorister at Chester; merchant in London; went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem; knight of the Holy Sepulchre; factor at Antwerp for Sir Thomas Gresham, 1552-69; suggested an exchange, London, 1561; granted a lease of crown lands, 15G5; visited Spain, 1567; built Plas Clough, Denbighshire; died at Hamburg; his wealth proverbial in Wales.
^ Thomas Cloutt (1781?–1846). See Russell.
^ Joseph Clover (1725–1811), farrier; blacksmith in Norwich; studied farriery, 1750; practised as veterinary surgeon, 1765-81.
^ Butler Clowes (d. 1782) mezzotint-engraver and printseller; exhibited, 1768-73, portraits and sketches in mezzotint.
^ John Clowes (1743–1831), Swedenborgian ; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1769; fellow; vicar of St. John's, Manchester, 1769; began to read Swedenborg, 1773; founded a Swedenborgian printing society, 1780; issued translations of works by Swedenborg, 1781-1816, and theological pamphlets and sermons, 1799-1826; wrote an autobiography.
^ William Clowes , the elder (1540?–1604), surgeon; surgeon's apprentice in London; army surgeon in Prance, 1563; naval surgeon, 1563-9; practised surgery in London, 1569; surgeon of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1581-5, and of Christ's Hospital; army surgeon in the Low Countries, 1586-7; naval surgeon, 1588; again practised in London; published surgical treatises of some merit, 1579-1602.
^ William Clowes , the younger (1582–1648), surgeon; son of William Clowes the elder (1540 ?-1604) ; practised in London, 1605 till death; surgeon to Charles I; prosecuted Leverett for assuming the royal prerogative of touching for the king's evil, 1637.
^ William Clowes , the elder (1779–1847), printer ; apprenticed at Chichester; came to London, 1802; commenced business by himself, 1803; the first to use steam machinery for book-printing, 1823.
^ William Clowes (1780–1851), primitive methodist; a Staffordshire potter; champion dancer; joined Wesleyan methodiste, 1805; local preacher, 1808-10; cofounder of the primitive methodists, 1810; preached in north of England.
^ William Clowes , the younger (1807–1883), printer; eldest son of William Clowes the elder (17791847); entered his father's business, 1823.
^ John Clubbe (1703?-1773), satirical writer ; B.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1725; vicar of Debenham, Suffolk, 1730; rector of Whatfleld, Suffolk, 1735-73; published a sermon, 1751, and burlesques, 1758-70.
^ William Clubbe (1746–1814), poetical writer; son of John Clubbe; LL.B. Oaius College, Cambridge, 1769; rector of Flowton, 1769, and vicar of Brandeston, Suffolk, 1770; published verses, 1793-1806.
^ William Benton Clulow (1802–1882) dissenting minister; pastor at Shaldon, Devonshire, 1823; tutor at Airedale College, Bradford, 1836-43; published essays, 1843-65.
^ John Clunie (1757?–1819), composer of Scottish songs; schoolmaster and precentor of Markinch, Fifeshire, 1785; minister of Borthwick, Midlothian, 1791.
^ Henry Clutterbuck (1767–1856), medical writer; surgeon's apprentice atTruro; came to London, 1788; qualified as a surgeon, 1790; studied medicine at Edinburgh, 1802, and Glasgow; M.D. Glasgow, 1804; a leading physician in London; lectured on materia medica; published medical treatises, 1794-1846.
^ Robert Clutterbuck (1772–1831), topographer ; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1794; published a finely illustrated history of Hertfordshire, 1815-27.
^ Baron Clyde (1792–1863). See Colin Campbell.
^ William Clyffe (d. 1558), divine ; LL.B. Cam. bridge, 1514; LL.D., 1523; admitted to Doctor Commons, 1622; commissary of London diocese, 1522-9; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1626; archdeacon of London, 1629-33; prebendary of York, 1532, precentor, 1534, treasurer, 15381547; archdeacon of Cleveland, 1533; dean of Chester, 1547-58.
^ Cnut (994?–1035). See Canute.
^ Charles Coates (1746?–1813), antiquary; educated at Reading and Cambridge; M.B., 1767 vicar of Preston, Dorset, 1780; vicar of Osmington, Dorset 1788-1813; F.S.A., 1793; published a history of Reading, 1802, and a supplement, 1809.
^ Robert Coates (1772–1848), amateur actor; known as Romeo Coates; son of a wealthy Antigua planter; at school in England; acted in private theatricals in Antigua, 1805; acted in Bath, London, and elsewhere, 1810-16; hissed off the stage; withdrew for a time to Boulogne.
^ Thomas Coats (1809–1883), thread manufacturer; benefactor of Paisley; collector of Scottish coins.
^ James Cobb (1756–1818), dramatist ; clerk in the East India Company's office; wrote twenty-four dramatic pieces, 1779-1809.
^ Samuel Cobb (1676–1713), translator and versifier; educated at Christ's Hospital, London, 1683-94; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1702; master at Christ's Hospital, 1702-13; published political odes, 1694-1709, and translations from Latin and Greek, published 1709-14.
^ Charles Cobbe (1687–1765), archbishop of Dublin; educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Oxford; M.A., 1712; chaplain to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1717; dean of Ardagh, 1718; bishop of Killala, 1720, and Dromore, 1727; translated to Kildare, 1731; dean of Christ Church, Dublin; D.D. Dublin, 1735; translated to Dublin, 1743.
^ William Cobbett (1762–1835), essayist, politician, and agriculturist; son of a labourer at Farnham, Surrey; self-taught; enlisted as soldier, 1783; served in Nova Scotia, 1784-91; withdrew to France and to Philadelphia, 1792, to avoid prosecution through his agitating for increase of soldierspay; bookseller and pubUsher, on the loyalist side, 1796; prosecuted for libel, 1797; withdrew to New York, 1797, and to London, 1800: an active tory journalist, 1801; but afterwards adopted popular opinions, and from 1804 wrote in the radical interest, with characteristic directness and vigour; farmed in Hampshire, 1804-17; withdrew to America, 1817-19; wrote strongly in favour of Queen Caroline, 1820; farmed land in Surrey, 1821; tried to enter parliament, 1821; M.P. Oldham, 1832; wrote, with exceptional perspicuity and force, on grammar, economics, and other subjects. Cobbett's Weekly Political Register begun in January 1802, was continued till his death.
^ Ingram Cobbln (1777–1851), congregational minister, 1802-28; published scripture commentaries.
^ Elizabeth Cobbold (1767–1824), poetess; n6e Knipe; published poems, 1787; married William Clarke of Ipswich, 1790; published, as Eliza Clarke, The Sword a novel, 1791; married John Cobbold of Ipswich, 1792; her collected poems published, 1825.
^ John Spencer Cobbold (1768–1837), divine; fellow of Oaius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1793; master of Nuneaton school, 1794; rector of Woolpit, Suffolk, 1831; published sermons and essays.
^ Richard Cobbold (1797-1877) novelist ; son of Elizabeth Cobbold, q. *0: M.A. Gains College, Cainbridge, 1883: rector of Wortham, Suffolk: published an account of Margaret Catchpole, ls5, novels and
^ Thomas Spencer Cobbold (1828–1886), helminthologist: third son of Richard Cobbold; surgeon's apprentice in Norwich: studied medicine at Edinburgh, IM7: M.D., 1851; curator of Edinburgh anatomical museum, 1851-6; lectured on botany and zoology in London, 1S57-84: studied parasitic worms; wrote treatises on parasites from 1864.
^ Edward Cobden (1684–1764), author of poems and sermons, 1718-68; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1706; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1713; D.D. Oxford, 1783; archdeacon of London, 1742; chaplain to George II, 17301752.
^ Richard Cobden (1804–1865), statesman ; sou of a Sussex farmer; clerk (1819) and traveller for a London calico merchant; partner, 1828, In a London calico warehouse, and, 1831, in a Lancashire calico factory; settled in Manchester, 1832; wrote on economics in the Manchester Examiner; published his first free-trade pamphlets, 1835-6: travelled in America, the East, and Germany, 1835-8: tried to enter parliament, 1837: a foremost leader of the Anti-Corulaw League, 1838-46; M.P., Stockport, 1841-7; voted for the Maynooth grant, 1845: greatly contributed, by bis strenuous advocacy, to the repeal of the Corn Laws, 1846; travelled on the continent, 1846-7; M.P., West Riding of Yorkshire, 1847-57; advocated international arbitration and disarmament; defeated the government on the Chinese war question, 1857; failed to secure re-election: visited America, 1859: M.P., Rochdale, 1859; negotiated the commercial treaty with France. 18691860; opposed intervention in favour of Denmark, 1864; last spoke in the House of Commons, 22 July 1864; refused office, 1859, and a baronetcy, 1860. A subscription on his behalf in 1845 yielded nearly 80,0007.; a second subscription, in 1860, yielded 40,OOW.
^ Viscount Cobham (1669?–1749). See Richard Temple.
^ Barons Cobham . See BROOKE, HENRY, d. 1619 ; Sir John Oldcastle, d. 1417.
^ Eleanor Cobham , Duchess of Gloucester (d. 1446?) originally mistress, and, before 1431, wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester; accused by one Roger Bolingbroke, who had induced her to believe that her husband would become king, of being her accuser's accomplice in treason and magic, 1441; imprisoned, 1441; sentenced to penance and imprisonment; imprisoned at Chester and Keuilworth.
^ Sir Henry Cobham (1538–1605?), diplomatist ; accompanied an English embassy to Madrid, 1661; envoy to the emperor Maximilian II at Vienna, 1567: envoy to Antwerp, to the emperor at Speyer, and to Spain, 1570; knighted, 1576; envoy to Madrid, 1575; ambassador at Paris, 1579-83: M.P., Kent, 1586-9.
^ John de Cobham , third Baron Cobham (rf. 1408), succeeded his father, John de Cobham, 1355; served in France, 1367; several times envoy in Flanders and France, from 1374: often a trier of petitions, 1379-1401; impeached (1397) for serving (1388) as commissioner at the trial of Richard II's favourites; banished to Jersey recalled, 1399.
^ Thomas de Cobham (d. 1327), bishop of Worcester: graduate of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge: prebendary of Hereford, Wells, London, and York; envoy to the pope, 1306, and to France, 1312; elected archbishop of Canterbury, May 1313, but set aside by the pope, October; visited papal court at Avignon, 1313; made, by the pope, bishop of Worcester, 1317; built a library for Oxford University, e. 1320; his books placed in it, 1337.
^ Thomas Cobham (1786–1842), actor; a London press reader; played Richard III in London, 1816, and was by some reckoned equal to Edmund Kean; acted in Dublin, 1817.
^ Coburg, Duke of (1844–1900). See Alfred Ernest Albert.
^ William Cochran (1738–1785), painter; art student in Glasgow, 1754, and Italy, 1761; much employed in Glasgow as portrait-painter and miniaturist.
^ Robert William Cochran-Patrick (1842-1897), statesman and numismatist; B.A. LMin: .1861: LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1864: land: F.S.A. London, 1871; conservative M.1 for North I Ayrshire, 1880-6: assessor to St. Andrews University, 1888; honorary LLJD. Glasgow, 1887; permanent innler-tvretary for Scotland, 18*7 -.:?: rice-chnirnmnof Scottish fishery board, 1896; published work.- n -..i: to coins and medals and other writings.
^ Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane (1758–1832), admiral; younger son of the eighth Earl of Dundouald; lieutenant in navy, 1778; served in West Indies, 1780-2: captain, 1782; commanded a ship with credit. 1790-1802: MJ., Stirling boroughs, 1802; rear-admiral, 1804; blockaded Ferrol, 1804; held command in West Indies and on the American station, 1806-15; K.B., 1806; admiral, 1819; commander-in-chief at Portsmouth, 1821.
^ Archibald Cochrane, ninth Earl of Dundonald, styled Lord Cochrane (1749–1831), served for a time in the navy and in the army; succeeded to the earldom, 1778; brought to poverty by unprofitable attempts to find industrial applications of chemical discoveries; published pamphlets on agricultural chemistry: died at Paris.
^ Sir James Cochrane (1798–1883), judge : born in Nova Scotia; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1829; attorney-general of Gibraltar, 1837, and chief-justice at Gibraltar, 1841-77; knighted, 1845; died at Gibraltar.
^ Sir John Cochrane (d. 1650?), royalist ; commanded regiment at Edinburgh, 1640; joined Charles I at York, 1642; governor of Towcester, 1643; his estates forfeited, 1644; sent to the continent to raise money for Charles I.
^ Sir John Cochrane (d. 1695?), of Ochiltree, Ayrshire; second sou of William Cochrane, first earl of Duudonald; involved in the Rye House plot, 1683; escaped to Holland; attainted, 1685; took part in Argyll's invasion, 1685; taken prisoner; saved himself by turning king's evidence; employed to persuade the presI byterians to accept James II's Declaration of Indulgence, ; 1687: recovered his estates, 1689; imprisoned on a charge of embezzling public money, 1695.
^ John Dundas Cochrane (1780–1825), traveller; naval officer; travelled through France, Spain, and Portugal, 1815; travelled in Russia and Siberia, 1820-1; published an account of his journey, 1824; died in Venezuela.
^ John George Cochrane (1781–1852), bibliographer; bookseller's apprentice in Glasgow: as a London publisher agitated against the Copyright Act. 1813; edited the Foreign Quarterly Review London, 1827-35: edited the Caledonian Mercury Edinburgh; catalogued Sir Walter Scott's Abbotsford library, 1838; newspaper editor I at Hertford; librarian of the London Library, 1841 till j death.
^ Robert Cochrane, Earl of Mar (d. 1482), favourite of James III of Scotland; in favour before 1476; built the great hall in Stirling Castle; procured the murder of Mar, and the exile of Albany, the king's brothers, 1479; offended the nobles by taking the earldom of Mar: depreciated the silver coinage: hanged by the nobles at Lander.
'^ Thomas Cochrane , tenth Earl of dundonald (1775-1860), admiral: son of Archibald Cochrane, ninth earl; styled Lord Cochrane; held commission in the army; first joined his ship, the Hind, 1793; lieutenant, 1796; served on the North American station, 1796-8, and on the French and Spanish coasts, 1798-1800; as commander of the Speedy, captured many vessels, 1800-1; captain, 1801: captured by a French squadron, 1801; exchanged: studied at Edinburgh University, 1802-3; banished to the Orkneys guardship, 1803-4; cruised successfully off the AioreB, 1805: cruised successfully in the Bay of Biscay, 1806; M.P., Honiton, 1806, Westminster, 1807; exposed the abuses of the admiralty; ordered to the Mediterranean; tried to check the venality of fleet in Aix roadf fmatratiBl by the -... -.: -, -. -....:-. ------ -Kss BSi* VDu rOfOCT 4K IOC JDaVamw * OOOC Fb-cHaClflft DJT JaUnt MM! ,. nltar, 1791-3; Kat to BBBBJ annj - * I P*tteaaVbB,iai: jonMdaai*lp,17:eaBV Booted dip ia urtn naiaa 17IS-IlteWat TK
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^ William Cochrane of Cowden, first Earl of Dundonald (d. 1686), Royalist; ilinfn laaini F. Ijnaiii Ulliualiil Oochraneof PtiBdoniM. 147; fined by Cramvell, . HKXBY THOMAS, Lou xL 184: :- ---; -"- - - - - in ud at Banker aJUMM: friend of See
^ Thomas Oswald Cockayne (1807-1873), philologist; ia hair orders L TxtA n iaa - MK. LI a Hit Mm9 pUX- pi T * II * i
^ James Pattison Cockburn (1779?-1847), major-general, Royal Artillery; aft HBMftiiam. *W-1700; 14; near of Sonhoit, and
^ Patrick Cockburn (1678-1749), divine; BOB of EdiBb.rgk. imtia Bd laW-tUB: a hB*af Aberdeen, 179t-t from before 1737.
^ William Cockburn, or Piers (d. 1529), Scottish freebooter.
^ Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn (1802-1880), lord chief justice of England; (A UX SeottmB ed. k MBreporta, 1B0; obtained ISaTatrwlam thecomEataoBB, 18J4: MJ, Sooth; made h mark bjaefai pofiey, 1HO; lattghtod -*.. awitrmthePa l olSn? r " SScbief* *"" ! f~: ofoommaa pleat, IBM; aaecxedaTto baronetcy, IBM; the fleet, 1CM; probahrj Mo?Itden; amovmcd ted chief-jastiee afBngiaad, IBft; preaded orer the cpecnr djBeaterj; a neeeaffnl praetitMner in Lon d pafitteal, don before 1710: phjakmn to Gicenvieh Hornital. 1731: .,....
^ Sir William Cockburn (1768–1835), lieutenant-general; son of Jamea Cockburn (jt. 1783); ensign, 1778; served in American war, 1779-83; captain, 1783; served in India, 1790-1802; lieutenant-colonel, 1798; major-general, 1811; lieutenant-general, 1821; succeeded as fifth baronet of Cockburn, Berwickshire.
^ Edward Cocker (1631–1675), arithmetician ; taught writing and arithmetic in London from before 1657 to 1665; a book-collector; published twenty-three manuals of penmanship, 1657-75; published his arithmetic, 1664, which afterwards went through more than a hundred editions; published verses, 1670, 1676.
^ Henry Cockeram (Jl. 1650), author of the earliest published dictionary of English (first published, 1623; eleventh edition issued, 1655).
^ Charles Robert Cockerell (1788–1863), architect; son of Samuel Pepys Cockerell; trained by his father; studied architectural remains in Greece, Asia Minor, Sicily, and Italy, 1810-17; discovered, in company with two Germans, the frieze of the temple of Apollo at Phigaleia, 1812; architect in London, 1817; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1818-58; designed buildings in London; R.A., 1836; professor of architecture to the Royal Academy, 1840-67; designed the Taylorian Building, Oxford, 1842; honorary D.C.L. Oxford, 1845; completed the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1845, and St. George's Hall, Liverpool, 1847; wrote on sculpture aud architecture, 1816-62.
^ Frederick Pepys Cockerell (1833–1878), architect; second son of Charles Robert Cockerell; made a sketching tour in North France, 1860; studied architecture in Paris and Italy, 1853-5; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1854-77; architect of numerous mansions and some churches; died at Paris.
^ Samuel Pepys Cockerell (1754–1827), architect; pupil of Sir Robert Taylor; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1786-1803; designed churches and mansions.
^ John Cockerill (1790–1840), manufacturer ; son of William Cockerill; born in Lancashire; went to Verviers, Belgium, 1802; joint-manager of the factory at Liege, 1807; set up a woollen factory at Berlin, 1815; established the great foundry and machine factory at Seraing, Belgium, 1817; died at Warsaw.
^ William Cockerill (1769–1832), inventor; a Lancashire mechanic; employed in St. Petersburg, 1794; in Sweden, 1796; manufactured spinning and weaving machinery at Verviers, Belgium, 1799, and at Liege, 18071812; died near Aix-la-Ohapelle.
^ William Cockin (1736–1801), author ; writingmaster in London, at Lancaster, 1764-84, and at Nottingham, 1784-92; published an arithmetic, essays, and poems.
^ George Cookings (d. 1802), author of poems and dramas; an official at Boston, America; registrar of a London society, c. 1772 till death,
^ John Cockis (Jl. 1572).
^ Sir James Cockle (1819–1895), chief-justice of Queensland and mathematician; educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1845; called to the bar at Middle Temple, 1846; practised on Midland circuit; first chief-justice of Queensland, 18631879; knighted, 1869; F.R.A.S., 1864; F.R.S., 1865; fellow of London Mathematical Society, 1870, and president, 1886-8. He made noteworthy contributions to the theory of differential equations, and published mathematical writings.
^ Arthur Herbert Cocks (1819–1881), Bengal civilian; educated at Haileybury; went to Bengal, 1837; sent to Scinde, 1843; political officer with Lord Goug h's army, 1848-9; a district magistrate; returned to England, 1863.
^ Roger Cocks (1. 1636), divine ; possibly of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1612; published, 1630, devotional verses, entitled Hebdomada Sacra; answered, 1642, Sir Edward Peyton's book against knueliug at communion.
^ Thomas Cockson or Coxon (fl. 1609–1636), engraver of numerous portrait* of contemporary notabilities and authors.
^ Henry Cockton (1807–1853), author of 'Valentine Vox 1840, and other novels.
^ Henry Coddington (d. 1845), mathematician; senior wrangler, 1820; fellow and tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1823; vicar of Ware, Hertfordshire; died at Rome; wrote chiefly on optics.
^ William Coddington (1601–1678), American colonist; merchant at Boston, New England, 1630; removed to Rhode island, 1638; visited England, 1661; named governor of Rhode Island, where he became chief magistrate.
^ Christopher Codrington (1668–1710), soldier; son of the governor of the Leeward islands; born in Barbados; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1685; fellow of All Souls 1690; M.A., 1695; showed great courage in Flanders, 1694; captain, 1695; governor of the Leeward islands. 1697-1703: died at Barbados: benefactor of All Souls College, Oxford; left his Barbados estates to found Codrington College, Barbados.
^ Sir Edward Codrington (1770–1851), admiral ; entered navy, 1783; lieutenant, 1793; commander, 1794; commanded ship at Trafalgar, 1805; served in the Scheldt, 1809, and in the Mediterranean, 1810-13; rear-admiral, 1814; K.C.B., 1816; commander-in-chief in Mediterranean, 1827; in treaty with Ibrahim Pasha, the Turkish admiral, for a suspension of hostilities, 1827, soon after which hostilities were resumed by the Greek insurgents; joined with the French and Russian squadrons in destroying the weak Turkish fleet at Navarino, 20 Oct. 1827: recalled, 1828; visited St. Petersburg, 1830; admiral, 1837; retired from active service, 1842; his memoirs published, 1873.
^ Sir Henry John Codrington (1808–1877 admiral; third sou of Sir Edward Codrington entered navy, 1823; wounded at Navarino, 1827; lieutenant, 1829; commander, 1831; helped to bombard Acre, 1840; served off the Italian coast, 1847-60, and in the Baltic, 1854-5; rear-admiral, 1857; K.C.B.,1867; admiral of the fleet, 1877.
^ Robert Codrington (d. 1665), author; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1619-27; M.A., 1626; travelled; published verses and translations, chiefly theological and historical, from French and Latin.
^ Thomas Codrington (d.1691?), Roman catholic divine; educated at Douay; secretary to Cardinal Howard at Rome; returned to England, 1684; chaplain to James II; tried to found in England community of secular priests; followed James II to St. Germains; published sermons.
^ Sir William John Codrington (1804–1884), general; second son of Sir Edward Codrington; ensign, 1821; colonel, 1846; major-general, 1854; showed courage and promptitude at Alma and Inkerman; K.O.B., 1855; comnmnder-in-chief at Sebastopol, 1856-6; M.P., Greenwich, 1857; governor of Gibraltar, 1859-65; general, 1863.
^ Saint Coemgen (498–618), of Glendalough, co. Wicklow; popularly ST. KEVIN; hermit at Glendalough and in Kildare and Westmeath; built two monasteries at Glendalough, but withdrew to hermitages there: went to Westmeath to meet St. Oolumba; urged the king of Lei nster to fight for his country against JEdh MacAiumire, king of Ireland.
^ Coenred or Cenred (reigned 704–709), king of Mercia; a minor at the death of his father, Wulfhere, 675; king of the Southumbrians, 702; king of Mercia, when his uncle,.Sthelred, resigned, 704; abdicated, 709; became a monk at Rome.
^ Charles Edward de Coetlogon (1746?–1820), divine; educated at Christ's Hospital, 1756-66; M.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 17,3; vicar of Godstone, Surrey, 1794-1820; published sermons and theological tracts.
^ Charles Coffey (d. 1745), dramatist ; an Irishman; deformed; performed at Dublin; afterwards in London; brought out farces and farcical operas, 1 729-45.
^ Edward Coffin alias Hatton (1571–1626), Jesuit ; educated at Khoirasand Home; mission priest in England, 1594; joined the Jesuits, 1598; arrested near Antwerp, 1698: imprisoned in the Tower, 1698-1603; confessor to the English college at Rome: died at St. Omer; published controversial treatises, 1619-23.
^ Sir Edward Pine Coffin (1784–1802), commissary-general: commissariat clerk, 1805; commissary-general, 1840; employed at the Cape, 1805-8; in the Peninsula, 1808-14; in Belgium and France, 1815-16: in Canada, 1819-22 and 1833-5; in China, 1843-5: knighted for services during the Irish famine, 1846.
^ Sir Isaac Coffin (1759–1839), admiral ; born at Boston, America; entered navy, 1773; commander, 1781; rcjivted Sir George Rodney's nominees to his ship as unequal to their duty, 1782: convicted of signing false muster-roll, 1788 (conviction quashed, 1789); disabled by iuvident, while rescuing a drowning seaman, 1790: comini-ioner of the navy in Corsica, 1795-6, in Minorca, at Halifax, 1798, and at Sheerness; rear-admiral and created baronet, 1804; withdrew from service, 1808; adopted name Greenly, 1811-13: admiral, 1814; M.P., 1818-26.
^ Sir Isaac Campbell Coffin (1800–1872), lieutenant-general; cadet in the East India Company's service, 1818; lieutenant in the Madras army, 1821; served in Burmah, 1824; lieutenant-colonel, 1845; majorgeneral, 1857; K.C.S.I., 1866; lieutenant-general, 1869.
^ John Pine Coffin (1778–1830), major-general : cornet, as John Pine, 1795; took the name Coffin, 1797; lieutenant, 1799; served in Egypt, 1801; attached to quartermaster-general's staff; employed in Italy and Sp;iin, 1808-14; military attache with Austrian army in south France, 1815; lieutenant-governor of St. Helena, 1819-23; major-general, 1825.
^ Robert Aston Coffin (1819–1885), Roman catholic prelate; educated at Harrow; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1838-45; M.A., 1843; vicar of St. Mary Magdalene, Oxford, 1843; embraced Catholicism, 1846; Hedemptorist father, 1852; rector of St. Mary's, Clapham, 1855; mission preacher, 1852-72; D.D.; bishop of Southwark, 1882; translated theological works.
^ Eliezer Cogan (1762–1856), nonconformist divine; pupil and tutor in Daventry (nonconformist) academy: presbyterian minister at Cirencester, 1787-9; congregational minister at Walthamstow, 1801-16; kept boarding-school at Walthamstow, 1801-28; published sermons and theological tracts.
^ Thomas Cogan (1545?–1607), physician ; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1563-74: M.B., 1674; practised physic in Manchester; master of Manchester grammar school, 1574-1600; published Latin school-books, and medical and devotional tracts.
^ Thomas Cogan (1736–1818), philosopher; educated for congregational ministry: presbyterian minister at Rotterdam, 1759, and at Southampton, 1762; Unitarian; pastor at the Hague; married a Dutch heiress; studied medicine at Leyden; M.D. Leydeu, 1767; practised medicine in Holland; accoucheur in London, c. 1772-80; founded the Royal Humane Society, 1774; resided in Holland, 1780-95; removed to Bath; afterwards resided in London; published novels, notes of travel, translations from the Dutch, and, 1802-17, treatises on the passions and on ethics.
^ William Cogan (rf. 1774), philanthropist ; mayor of Hull, 1717 and 1736; founded a charity school and an apprentice fund at Hull.
^ Henry Coggeshall (1623–1690), mathematician; invented Coggeshall sliding-rule, 1677; wrote on mensuration.
^ Ralph of Coggeshall (fl. 1207), chronicler; Cistercian monk; abbot of Coggeshall, Essex, 1207-18. The chronicle known by his name extends from 1066 to 1224, becoming more detailed after 1187.
^ Jeremiah Coghlan (1775?–1844), captain in navy; mate of merchant ship at Plymouth, 1796, when he attracted attention of Edward Pellew, viscount Exmouth , who placed him on his ship the Indefatigable; commanded Viper frigate, 1800; captured French gun brig Cerbere after hard fight off Port Louis, and was promoted lieutenant, 1800; commanded sloop on Jamaica station, 1804-7; senior officer of light squadron in Bahamas, 1807-11; captain, 1810; flag-captain to Pellew in Mediterranean, 1812; C.B., 1816; on South American station, 1826-30.
^ John Cok (1392?-1467?), compiler of the chartulary (1456) of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London: goldsmith's apprentice; priest, 1417; brother of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1419.
^ Sir Aston Cokayne (1608–1684), poet ; son of Thomas Cokayne; fellow-commoner of Trinity College, Cambridge; at the Inns of Court: travelled in France and Italy, 1632; inherited Pooley, Warwickshire, 1639; received a baronet's patent, 1642; created M.A. Oxford, 1643; obtained Ashbourne, Derbyshire, on his mother's death, 1664; ran through his estate; sold bis Derbyshire property, 1671, and his Warwickshire property, 1683; published translations from Italian, 1635, and poems and dramas, 1658 and 1669.
^ George Cokayne (1619–1691), independent minister; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1640; intruded rector of St. Pancras, Soper Lane, London; ejected, 1660; minister of Redcross Street congregational chapel, London, 1660; published sermons.
^ Sir John Cokayne (d. 1438), judge; of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; recorder of London, 1394; chief baron of the exchequer, 1400-13; justice of common pleas, 1405-29; accompanied troops to France, 1412; sheriff of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, 1422, 1428, and 1435.
^ Sir Thomas Cokayne (1519?-1592), author of 'A Treatise of Hunting 1591; of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; page to the Earl of Shrewsbury; succeeded to the family estates.,,1 538; knighted, 1544; served in Scotland, 1548; frequently high sheriff of Derbyshire,
^ Thomas Cokayne (1587–1638), lexicographer: of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; educated at Corpus Christ! College, Oxford; compiled an English-Greek lexicon, published 1658.
^ Sir William Cokayne (d. 1626), lord mayor of London; succeeded to his father's business of merchant, 1599; sheriff of London, 1609: alderman; governor of Ulster colonists, 1612; knighted, 1616; lord mayor, 1619-1620; bought Rushton, Northamptonshire.
^ Daniel Parker Coke (1745–1825), politician; M.A. All SoulsCollege, Oxford, 1772; barrister, 1768; M.P., Derby, 1775-80; M.P., Nottingham, 1780-1812.
^ Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634), judge and law writer, commonly called Lord Coke or Cooke; educated at Norwich and (1567) Trinity College, Cambridge; at Clifford's Inn, London, 1571; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1578; soon obtained good practice: reader of Lyon's Inn, 1579: advanced by Burghley's influence; recorder of Coventry, 1585; recorder of Norwich, 1586; recorder of London, 1592; M.P., Aldborough, 1589; M.P., Norfolk, and speaker of the Bouse of Commons, 1593: solicitor-general, 1592: attorney-general, to Francis Bacon's disappointment, 1594; married, to spite Bacon, Burghley's granddaughter, Lady Elizabeth Cecil, widow of Sir William Hatton, 1598: began publishing his law reports, 1600: entertained Queen Elizateth at Stoke Pogis, 1601; showed great rancour in the trials of the Earl of Essex, 1600, Ralegh, 1603, and the gunpowder plotters, 1605; chief-justice of common pleas, 1606; opposed James I's claim to tax imports and exports, 1606; decided that the post-nati persons bom in Scotland after the union of the crowns were English subjects, 1607; resisted Archbishop Bancroft's claim, which James I favoured, to exempt the church from the jurisdiction of the common law courts, 1606-9; decided against the king's authority to make law by proclamation, 1610; resisted Archbishop Abbot's attempt to have ecclesiastical causes decided by the court of high commission, 1611: compelled, through.Bacon's influence, and against his own wish, to accept the chief-justiceship of the king's. bench, 1613; privy councillor, 1613; opposed the practice of consulting the judges extra-judicially, 1615; favoured the courts of common law iu their endeavour to curtail the powers of the chancellor, 1615; refused to obey James I's order to stay proceedings in the commendam case: showed uncourtly desire to ascertain the truth in Sir Thomas Overtuiry'a rnso, 1615; suspended, partly through Bacon's representations to James I, from the privy council ami judicial functions, 1616; ordered to expunge from his 4 Reports opinions unfavourable to the king's prerogative: dismissed from the chief-justiceship, 1616; separated from his wife, in consequence of a violent quarrel as to the marriage of their daughter, 1617; recalled to the privy council, 1617: employed on several commission? of inquiry; M.P., Liskeard, 1620-2; vigorously attacked the monopolies: advocated war with Spain; incensed James I by speaking against the Spanish marriage and denouncing interference with the liberties of parliament; on the committee to impeach Bacon; imprisoned in the Tower, 1622; M.P., Coventry, 1624: M.P., Norfolk, 1625-6; opposed Charles I's demand for subsidies, 1625; precluded from parliamentary action by being pricked sheriff of Buckinghamshire, 1626; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1628; spoke strongly against the Duke of Buckingham, illegal taxation, and illegal imprisonment; lived afterwards in retirement at Stoke Pogis. His papers were seized by order of Charles I, and detained till 1641. Of Coke'sReports the first eleven parts were published 1600-16, the unfinished twelfth and thirteenth parts not till 1656-9. His Booke of Entries appeared in 1614. The First part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (Coke upon Littleton) appeared in 1628, the second part in 1645, and the third and the unfinished fourth part in 1644.
^ George Coke or Cooke (d. 1646), bishop of Hereford; brother of Sir John Coke; fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; rector of Bygrave, Hertfordshire: D.D.; bishop of Bristol, 1633; translated to Hereford, 1636; one of the twelve protesting bishops, 1641; his palace sacked by the parliamentary troops, 1645.
^ Jeremiah Coke (d. 1817).
^ Sir John Coke (1563–1644), secretary of state; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1583; employed by Burghley; deputy-treasurer of the navy, 1591; travelled, 1594-6; secretary to Fulke GrevUle, 1597; a commissioner of the navy, 1621-36; M.P., 1621-9; pensioned by James I, 1621; a master of requests, 1622; knighted, 1624; Buckingham's agent in the parliaments of 1625 and 1628; secretary of state, 1625; incensed the Commons by his subservience to Charles I; a commissioner of the treasury, 1635-6; a commissioner on Scottish affairs, 1638; dismissed from office, 1639.
^ Roger Coke (fl. 1896), political writer; of Thorington, Suffolk; educated at Cambridge; wrote against Thomas Hobbes, 1660; published pamphlets on trade, 1670-95; published his Detection of the Court... of England during the four last Reigns, 1694.
^ Thomas Coke (1747–1814), methodist bishop ; son of a wealthy Brecon apothecary; entered Jesus College, Oxford, 1764; M.A., 1770; curate of South Petherton, Somerset, 1772-6; D.C.L., 1775; methodist preacher in London, 1778; frequently president of the Methodist conference in Ireland from 1782; suggested that the methodists should undertake foreign missions, 1784; joined with John Wesley in ordaining methodist ministers for America, 1784; went to Baltimore as superintendent of the methodiste, 1784; adopted the title of bishop in America, 1787; opposed slavery; methodist secretary of conference; vainly proposed the union of the methodist and Anglican churches in America, 1792, and in England, 1799; tried to establish bishops in the methodist church in England, 1794; president of the methodist conference in England, 1797 and 1805; paid his ninth visit to America, 1803; asked Lord Liverpool, the premier, to make him a bishop in India, 1813; died on the voyage to India; published works, including sermons and biographies.
^ Thomas William Coke, of Holkham, first Earl of Leicester (1752-1842), educated at Eton; travelled; lived some time at Rome; returned to England, 1 774; succeeded to his patrimony, 1776; M.P., Norfolk, 17761806, and 1807-32; protectionist; favoured parliamentary reform; latterly, father of the House of Commons: began farming on bis own account, 1778; bred Southdown sheep and Devon cattle; improved the Suffolk breed of pigs; first grew wheat (instead of rye) in West Norfolk, 1787: raised to the peerage, 1787.
^ John Coker (d. 1635?), antiquary; vicar of Tincleton, Dorset, 1576-9; compiled a Survey of Dorsetshire(published 1732).
^ Sir John Colbatch (d. 1729), physician; apothecary at Worcester; licentiate of the London College of Physicians, 1696; knighted, 1716; published medical tracts, 1695-1723.
^ John Colbatch (1664–1748), opponent of Richard Bentley; at Westminster School, 1680-3; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1690; D.D., 1706; Anglican chaplain at Lisbon; prebendary of Salisbury; professor of moral philosophy, Cambridge, 1707-44; took part with the fellows of Trinity against Richard Bentley, the master, 1714; published pamphlets against Bentley; rector of Orwell, Cambridgeshire, 1720-48: refused Bentley, then archdeacon of Ely, his fees for archidiaconal visitations, 1738.
^ Sir John Colborne , first Baron Seaton (1778–1863), general; educated at Christ's Hospital; ensign, 1794; captain, 1800; served in Egypt, 1801, and in Sicily, 1806; secretary to Sir John Moore, 1808-9; lieutenantcolonel, by Moore's dying request, 1809; commanded 52nd foot in Peninsula and at Waterloo; K.O.B., 1815; majorgeneral, 1825; lieutenant-go venior of Guernsey, 1825; of Upper Canada, 1830; crushed Canadian revolt, 1838; created Baron Seaton, 1839: governor of the Ionian islands, 1843-9; general, 1854; commander of the forces in Ireland, 1855-60; field-marshal, 1860.
^ Henry Colburn (d. 1865), publisher, of London ; started a number of London magazines, 1814-29; kept a circulating library, 1816; brought out a library of modern standard novelists, 1835-41. His publications included Evelyn's and Pepys's diaries.
^ Thomas Frederick Colby (1784–1852), director of the ordnance survey: educated at Woolwich; second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1801; lieutenant-colonel, 1826: major-general, 1846; attached to the ordnance survey of England, 1802; lost his right hand, 1803; chief executive officer of the survey, 1809; conducted survey of Scotland, 1813-21; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen; director of the survey, 1820; F.R.S., 1820; conducted survey of Ireland, 1825-47; joint-designer of a geological map of West England, 18331845; placed on the retired list, 1847.
^ Colchester, first Baron (1767–1829). See Charles Abbot.
^ Colchtu, Coelchu, or Colga, Saint (d. 792), chief scribe of Clonmacnoise monastery; corresponded with Alcuin; wrote Scuap Crabhaigh (sweeping brush of devotion).
^ John Henry Colclough (1769–1798), Irish rebel; a Wexford landowner; an insurgent leader at New Ross, 1798; executed.
^ Cadwallader Colden (1688–1776), botanist and American loyalist; M.D. Edinburgh, 1705; practitioner in Pennsylvania, 1708-18; surveyor-general of New York colony, 1719; member of council, New York, 1720: lieutenant-governor of New York, 1761; unpopular as a loyalist; withdrew to Long Island, 1775; published medical and scientific papers, including History of the five Indian Nations of Canada 1727; sent descriptions of American plants to Linnaeus and other savants.
^ Geoffrey de Coldingham (fl. 1214), writer of a history of the church of Durham from 1152 to 1214; sacrist of Coldingham Priory.
^ Francis Coldock (1530–1602), publisher ; master of the London Stationers Company, 1591 and 1595: printed a few books: issued many books in conjunction with Henry Bynneman
^ John Coldstream (1806–1863), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1827; practitioner in Leith, 1829-47; advocated medical missions; wrote medical papers,
^ John Coldwell (d. 1596), bishop of Salisbury ; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1558: M.D., 1564; chaplain to Archbishop Parker; rector of Aldington, 1568, Tunstall, 1572, and Saltwood, Kent, 1580: dean of Rochester, 1581; made bishop of Salisbury in order that the courtiers might plunder the episcopal estates, 1591; died deeply in debt.
^ Abdiah Cole (1610?–1670?), 'doctor of physick'; translated and compiled medical text-books, 1655-62.
^ Charles Nalson Cole (1723–1804), lawyer; H.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1743; barrister, Inner Teniiil" rL'gisirur of the Budford Level corporation; published law tracts, an edition of theWorks of Soame Jen VMS1790, and other writings.
^ Sir Christopher Cole (1770–1837), post-captain; midshipman, 1780; flag-captain to Lord Hugh Seymour in West Indies, 1799, and, later, to Sir John Thomas Duckworth: post-captain, 1802; pervt-d with Sir Edward Pellew (afterwards Viscount Exmouth) in East Indies, 1804: despatched to relieve garrison at Amboyna, 1810; effected capture of Neira, chief of Banda islands; served on Malabar coast, 1811; knighted 1812; honorary D.O.L. Oxford, 1812; in Channel, 1813-14; K.C.B., 1815; M.P. for Glamorgan-U7 and 1820-30; commander of yacht Royal Sovereign, 1828; colonel of marines, 1830.
^ Sir Qalbraith Lowry Cole (1772–1842), general; younger sou of the first Earl of Inniskillen; cornet, 1787; major, 1793; served in the West Indies, 1794 staff officer in Ireland, 1797, and in Egypt, 1801; M.P., Inniskillen, 1798-1800, and for Fermanagh, 1803-23; brigadier-general in Sicily, 1806-8; major-general, 1808; commanded 4th division in Peninsula, 1809-14; K.B., 1813; lieutenant-general, 1813; governor of Mauritius, 1823-8; governor of Cape Colony, 1828-33; general, 1830.
^ George Cole (1810–1883), painter; self-taught; portrait-painter at Plymouth; painted posters of wild animals for Wombwell's menagerie; studied art in Holland; exhibited in London, 1838-80, chiefly landscapes.
^ George Vicat Cole (1833–1893), landscape painter; son of George Cole; first exhibited at British Institution and Suffolk Street galleries, 1852, and at Royal Academy, 1853; R.A., 1880. His picture, The Pool of London is in the National Gallery of British Art, Millbank.
^ Henry Cole (1500?-1580), dean of St. Paul's; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1521-40, and warden, 1542-51; B.C.L., 1530; D.C.L., 1540; D.D., 1554; studied in Padua and Paris; lectured on civil law in Oxford; submitted to the Reformation; prebendary of Sarum, 1539; advocate of the arches and prebendary of St. Paul's, 1540; rector of Chelmsford, Essex, 1540-8, and of Newton Longueyille, Buckinghamshire, 1545-52; joined Roman catholic party at Mary's accession; archdeacon of Ely, 1553-6; canon of Westminster and provost of Eton, 1564-9; held disputation with Cranmer at Oxford, 1554; appointed to preach at Cranmer's execution, 1556: one of Cardinal Pole's commissioners to visit Oxford University, 1556, and Cambridge, 1567; dean of St. Paul's, 1556-9; vicar-general of the archbishop of Canterbury, 1557-8; sent to Ireland to extirpate protestantism, 1568; one of the eight Romanist disputants at Westminster Abbey, 1559; imprisoned, from 1560 to c, 1579.
^ Sir Henry Cole (1808–1882), official ; at Christ's Hospital, 1817-23; sub-commissioner of the new record commission, 1833; assistant-keeper of the Record Office, 1838; elaborated scheme of postal reform for treasury, 1839-42; served on managing committee of London exhibitions of 1861, 1862, 1871-4; British commissioner at the Paris exhibitions of 1855 and 1867; joint-secretary of the Science and Art Department, 1853, and sole secretary, 1868-73; K.C.B., 1875; painted in water-colours, etched, engraved book illustrations, and edited, from time to time, several periodicals.
^ Humfray Cole (fl. 1570–1580), engraver of a map of Palestine, 1572, and of brass mathematical instruments; employed at the mint.
^ John Cole (1792–1848), bookseller and antiquary ; bookseller's apprentice in Northampton; bookseller in Lincoln, 1817, in Hull, in Scarborough, 1821, at Northampton, 1830; lectured on history and popular science; taught school at WeUingborough, 1835, and other places; failed in business and in teaching; died in poverty; published histories of Northampton, 1816, Lincoln, 1818, Scarborough, 1822-4, and above a hundred other pieces relating chiefly to Yorkshire and Northamptonshire. second
^ Sir Ralph Cole (1625?–1704), second baronet, of Brancepeth Castle, Durham; studied painting under Vandyck; learned mezzotint engraving; patronised Italian painters: M.P., Durham, 1676-8; ran through his estate; sold Brancepeth, 1701.
^ Thomas Cole (d. 1571), divine; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1560; D.D., 1564; master of Maidstone school, 1552; dean of Salisbury; withdrew to the continent, 1553; rector of High Ongar, 1659, and of Stanford Rivers, Essex, 1564; prebendary of St. Paul's and archdeacon of Essex, 1560; of puritan leanings; published sermons.
^ Thomas Cole (1627?–1697), nonconformist divine; educated at Westminster School; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1647; M.A., 1651; intruded principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1656-60; kept a private academy at Nettlebed, Oxford; minister of the congregational church in Silver Street and Pinners Hall, London, 1674-1697; published sermons.
^ William Cole (d. 1600), dean of Lincoln; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1546-63; M.A., 1552; D.D., 1574; withdrew to Zurich, 1553, and Geneva, 1557; joined in translating the Geneva Bible; rector of Sudbourne, Suffolk, 1561-71, of Buscott, Berkshire, 1571-3, and of Lower Heyford, Oxfordshire, 1572-1600; made president of Corpus Christi College by the crown in defiance of the wishes of the college, 1568; lived at feud with the fellows; brought the college into debt; prebendary of Salisbury, 1571, Lincoln, 1574, and Winchester, 1579; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1577; compelled to exchange his presidentship for the deanery of Lincoln, 1598.
^ Sir William Cole (d. 1863), Irish settler; a Londoner; resident in Fermanagh before 1607; obtained forfeited lands, 1611; provost of Enniskillen; knighted, 1617; leased Enniskillen Castle, 1623; M.P., Fermanagh, 1639; colonel of foot against the Irish rebels, 1641-3; defended his conduct before a parliamentary commission, 1645.
^ William Cole or Coles (1626–1662), botanist; entered New College, Oxford, 1642; postmaster of Merton College, 1650-1; B.A., 1651; resided at Putney; secretary to the bishop of Winchester, 1660; publishedHerbal 1656-7.
^ William Cole (d. 1701), naturalist; surveyor of customs, Bristol; landowner at Hullavington, Wiltshire.
^ William Cole (1635–1716), physician; M.D. Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1666; practised in London and Worcester; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1694; published Latin medical tracts, 1674-94.
^ William Cole (1714–1782), the Cambridge antiquary; of Baberham, Cambridgeshire; while a schoolboy at Eton began to note antiquities; formed a friendship with Horace Walpole; entered Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1733; migrated to King's College, 1735; M.A., 1740; seriously thought of embracing Roman Catholicism; resided hi Cambridge; travelled occasionally in Flanders and Portugal; F.S.A., 1747; non-resident rector of Hornsey, Middlesex, 1749-51; resident rector of Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, 1753-67; removed to Waterbeach, near Cambridge, 1767, and to Milton, 1770; his income impaired by the breaking of the dykes; non-resident vicar of Burnham, Buckinghamshire, 1774-82; furnished friends with materials for historical and antiquarian books; bequeathed his manuscript collections, about a hundred folio volumes, chiefly dealing with Cambridgeshire and Cambridge university, Huntingdonshire, and Buckinghamshire, to the British Museum.
^ William Cole (1753–1808), classical scholar; foundationer at Eton, 1766; scholar of King's College, Cambridge, 1773; fellow, 1776; M.A., 1781; DJX, Lambeth, 1795; master at Eton, 1777-80; chaplain to the Duke of Marlborough; rector of Mersham, Kent, 1788; prebendary of Westminster, 1792; vicar of Shorebam, Kent; author of a Latin explanation prefixed to Marlborough Gems (vol. ii.)
^ William Cole (1754–1812), miscellaneous writer ; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1783; vicar of Broad Chalk, Wiltshire; curate in London; published a Key to the Psalms 1788, a poem, 1789, and a novel, 1796.
^ Henry Thomas Colebrooke (1765–1837), Sanscrit scholar writer at Calcutta, 1782; magistrate at Purneah; studied Hindu law; contributed papers on suttee to Asiatic Researches 1794; printed privately Remarks on Husbandry in Bengal 1795; magistrate at Mirzapur, near Benares, 1795; published translation of 'A Digest of Hindu Law 1798; envoy to Nagpdr, 17991801; judge at Calcutta, 1801, and president of the bench, 1805; honorary professor in Fort William College; published his Essay on the Vedas 1805, a Sanscrit grammar, 1805, and lexicon, 1808, and translations of Hindu treatises on inheritance and contracts, 1810; member of the Bengal council, 1807-12; returned to England, 1814; presented Ins Sanscrit manuscripts to the India House; wrote on Hindu mathematics and philosophy, and on natural science; became blind; his occasional papers collected in his * Miscellaneous Essays, 1 1837.
^ Sir William Macbean George Colebrooke (1787-1870), soldier and colonial governor; studied at Woolwich; first lieutenant, royal artillery, 1803; major, 1813; political agent and commissioner in Palembong, Sumatra, 1813, and in Bengal, 1814; one of commissioners of the Eastern inquiry, 1822-32; lieutenant-governor of Bahamas, 1834-7; governor of Leeward islands, 1837; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1841; colonel, 1846; governor of Barbados and Windward islands, 1848-56; lieutenant-general, 1859; colonel commanding royal artillery, 1859-70; O.B. (civil), 1848.
^ Peter de Colechurch (d. 1205), chaplain of St Mary Oolechurch; architect of the first stone bridge over the Thames in London, 1176.
^ Charles Coleman (d. 1664), composer ; member of Charles I's band; music teacher in London, 1641; Mus. Doc. Cambridge, 1651; composed part of the music for William D'Avenant'sFirst Dayes Entertainment and Siege of Rhodes 1656: member of Charles ITs band, 1660; composer to Charles II, 1662; left music in manuscript,
^ Edward Coleman (d. 1669), musician ; son of Charles Ooleman; a celebrated music-master in London; composed the music for James Shirley's The glories of our blood and state 1653; sang in William D'Avenant's Siege of Rhodes 1656; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1660; member of Charles II's band, 1662; friend of Samuel Pepys.
^ Edward Coleman (d. 1678), conspirator; embraced Roman Catholicism, c. 1670; secretary to Mary of Modena, duchess of York, c. 1674; corresponded with France, inviting aid for English catholics, 1674-5; sent to Brussels to negotiate with the pope's nuncio; accused by Titus Oates of participation in the popish plot, 28 Sept. 1678; his papers seized, 29 Sept.; surrendered himself, 30 Sept.; convicted on the evidence of Oates and Bedloe, 27 Nov.; executed, 3 Dec.; his fate discussed in several broadsheets and pamphlets.
^ Thomas Coleman (1598–1647), divine; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1615; M.A., 1621; a learned hebraist, and nicknamed Rabbi Coleman; rector of Blyton, Lincolnshire, 1623-42, and of St. Peter's, Cornhill, 1642; member of Westminster Assembly, 1643.
^ Walter Ooleman (d. 1645).
^ William Higgins Coleman (d. 1863), botanist ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1838; ordained, 1840; joint-author (with John William Colenso ) of Examples in Arithmetic and Algebra 1834, and (with R. H. Webb) of Flora Hertfordiensis 1849, and it supplements, 1851 and 1859; first introduced the river-basin delimitation into a county flora; schoolmaster at Hertford, and, 1847, at Ashby-de-la-Zouch; hisBiblical Papers published 1864.
^ Frances Ellen Colenso (1849–1887), daughter of John William Colenso: taken to Natal, 1865; joint-author of a History of the Zulu War 1880.
^ John William Colenso (1814–1883), bishop of Natal; called by the Zulus Sobantu (father of the people); a poor Cornish boy; sizar of St. John's OolUye, Cambridge; second wrangler, 1836: fellow, 1837; a master at Harrow, 1839-42; tutor of St. John's College, 18; vicar of Forncett St. Mary, Norfolk. 1846-53; jointauthor (with William Higgins Ooleman ) ofExamples in Arithmetic and Algebra 1834; author of textbooks on algebra, 1841, and arithmetic, 1843; published sermons, 1853; named bishop of Natnl, 1853; pui 'Ten Weeks in Natal 1854; decided against requiring polygamous Kaffir converts to divorce their wives; took his family to Natal, 1855; held his first diocesan counril, 1858; taught some Zulus printing and issued between 1859 and 1876 a Zulu grammar, dictionary, instructive reading books, and translations of Genesis, Exodus, 1 and 2 Samuel, and the New Testament; evoked great opposition by hisCommentary on the Epistle to the Romans. 1 1861, attacking the sacramental system; issued Critical examination of the Pentateuch 1862-79, concluding that these books were post-exila forgeries, Deuteronomy, in particular, being a pious fraud of Jeremiah the prophet; formally deposed and excommunicated by Robert Gray, bishop of Cape Town, 1863; confirmed in possession of the see by the law courts, 1866; published an examination of the first part ofThe Speaker's Commentary 1871-4; exposed the corruption and tyranny of some colonial officials towards natives, 1875; denounced the Zulu war, 1879.
^ John Colepeper, first Baron Colepeper (d. 1660), of Wigsell, Sussex; served in foreign armies; studied rural affairs; M.P., Kent, 1640; denounced monopolies and Strafford, 1641; defended episcopacy and the liturgy; opposed the Grand Remonstrance and the militia bill, 1641; taken into court favour, made privy councillor, 1642; chancellor of the exchequer, 1642-3; advised Charles I's withdrawal to Yorkshire; joined him at York, 1642; presented Charles's ultimatum to parliament, 1642; contributed to the victory of Edgehill, 1642; master of the rolls, 1643; attended Charles's Oxford parliament, 1644; his advice in military affairs sought by Charles I; his plans thwarted by the jealousy of Rupert; created Baron Colepeper of Thoresway, 1644; urged Charles I to make terms at all costs with the Scots, 1645-6, attended the Prince of Wales in his flight to the west, 1646: ordered to convey him to the continent, August 1646; accompanied him in the descent on the Thames, 1648; at feud with Rupert, 1648; urged Charles II to accept the Scottish overtures, 1649; went to Moscow to borrow money from the czar, 1650, and to Holland to ask armed support, 1652; expelled from France, 1654; urged Charles II's advisers to approach Monck, September 1668; attended Charles II on his Spanish journey, September 1659; returned to England, 1660.
^ Thomas Colepeper (1637–1708), colonel; inherited Hackington, Kent, 1643; steward to Viscount Strangford: imprisoned as a royalist conspirator, 1669; married secretly a daughter of John, baron Frecheville, 1662; failed in a lawsuit to prevent Lord Frecheville selling his estate of Staveley, Derbyshire, to William Cavendish, first duke of Devonshire; imprisoned and sentenced to lose his hand for striking Devonshire at Whitehall, 1686; pardoned; struck by Devonshire at Whitehall, 1687; caned by Devonshire, 1697; died in great poverty. His genealogical collections are preserved in the British Museum.
^ William Colepeper (d. 1726), poet and politician; of Hollingbourn, Kent; imprisoned for his share in the Kentish petition, 1701; published verses.
^ Barons Coleraine . See HARE, HUGH, first Baron 1606?–1667 ; HARE, HENRY, second BARON, 1636-1708; HARE, HENRY, third BARON, 1693-1749; HANGER, GEORGE, fourth BARON of the second creation, 175i?-1824.
^ Derwent Coleridge (1800–1883), author; second son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge q. v.; educated at Ambleside school and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1829; ordained, 1826; master of Helston school, Cornwall, 1826-41; principal of St Mark's College, Chelsea. 1841-64: rector of Hanwell, 1864-80; published pamphlets, theological tracts, and biographies of his brother Hartley and the poet Praed.
^ Hartley Coleridge (1796–1849), author; eldest son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge; brought up by Robert Southey; educated at Ambleside school; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1819; probationer fellow of Oriel College, 1819, but dismissed, 1820, for intemperance; failed in literary work in London, and, 1830, in teaching at Ambleside; published poems, 1833, and biographies of and Lancashire worthies, 1888-6; a master at school, 1837-8; edited Massinger and Ford, 1840; his Remains, verse and prose, published, 1861.
^ Henry James Coleridge (1822–1893), divine; brother of Sir John Duke, Lord Coleridge; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1845; fellow of Oriel College, 1846; M.A., 1847; held cure in Devonshire; entered Roman catholic church, 1862; studied at Rome; priest, and D.D., 1866; joined Jesuit novitiate; editor of tin- Month the periodical of the Jesuit fathers, 1865-81; published theological works, including The Life of Our Lord 1872.
^ Henry Nelson Coleridge (1798–1843), literary executor of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1834; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and brother of James Duke Coleridge, and of Sir John Taylor Coleridge ; educated at Eton; fellow of King College, Cambridge; visited Barbados, 1825; barrister, 1826; married Sara Coleridge, 1829; brought out Coleridge's Table Talk, 1 1835, and edited some of his works; published pamphlets.
^ Herbert Coleridge (1830–1861), philologist; son of Henry Nelson Coleridge; educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; double first, 1862; barrister, 1864; collected materials for the Oxford English Dictionary
^ James Duke Coleridge (1788–1857), divine; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and brother of Henry Nelson Coleridge and Sir John Taylor Coleridge; entered Balliol College, Oxford, 1808; D.C.L., 183i; vicar of Kenwyn, 1823-8; rector of Lawhitton, 18261839; vicar of Lewannick, Cornwall, 1831-41; vicar of Thorverton, Devonshire, 1839-67; prebendary of Exeter, 1825; published sermons and devotional tracts.
^ John Coleridge (1719–1781), schoolmaster; vicar of Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, and master of the grammar school; an eccentric: published a biblical tract, 1768, and a Latin grammar, 1772.
^ Sir John Duke Coleridge , first BARON OOLKRinoE (1820-1894), lord chief-justice of England; son of Sir John Taylor Coleridge; educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A. 1846; fellow of Exeter, 1843-6, and honorary fellow, 1882; called to bar at Middle Temple, 1846; bencher, 1861; joined western circuit; recorder of Portsmouth, 1856; Q.C., 1861 liberal M.P. for Exeter, 1865-73; appointed solicitor-general and knighted, 1868; attorney-general, 1871; chief counsel for defendants in Tichborne case 1871-2; chief- justice of common pleas, 1873-80; created Baron Coleridge, 1874; F.R.S., 1875; D.C.L. Oxford, 1877; chief- justice of queen's bench, 1880-94.
^ Sir John Taylor Coleridge (1790–1876), judge; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and brother of James Duke Coleridge, and Henry Nelson Coleridge; colleger at Eton; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1809; fellow of Exeter College, 1812-18; M.A., 1817; barrister, Middle Temple, 1819; contributed to theQuarterly Review and (1834) acted as editor; edited Blackstone'sCommentaries 1825; recorder of Exeter, 1832; justice of the king's bench, 18351858; sat on several parliamentary commissions; published pamphlets and a life of Keble.
^ Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), poet and philosopher; youngest child of John Coleridge (17191781); educated at Christ's Hospital, 1782-90; read Flotmus and argued on points of metaphysics; schoolfellow and friend of Charles Lamb; courted Mary Evans, a schoolfellow's sister; read Greek, medicine, and metaphysics; sizar, 1791, and scholar, 1793, of Jesus College, Lambndge; read desultorily; spent much time in conversation; adopted extreme views in politics and religion; went back to London, 1793; enlisted in the 15th dragoons, as Silas Tomkyn Comberback, 1793; bought out by his brothers, 1794; said to have contributed to the Morning Chronicle 1793-5; returned to Cambridge, 1794; met Robert Southey in Oxford, and visited Wales: engaged himself to Sara Fricker at Bristol; joined Southey, Robert Lovell, and other pantisocrats in their scheme to found a communistic colony on the Susquehanna, Pennsylvania; wrote the first act of the Fall of Robespierre (published, 1794); left Cambridge, 1794; borrowed money of Joseph Cottle, bookseller, of Bristol; lectured against Pitt, 1795; married Sara Fricker, 1795; published his first volume ofPoems 1796; canvassed in Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, and other towns, for subscribers to the Watchman newspaper, which failed (May 1796) at its tenth number; preached occasionally in Unitarian chapels; began to take laudanum, 1796; maintained by Thomas Poole at Nether Stowey, preaching in Unitarian chapels at Taunton and Bath, 1796-7; visited Wordsworth, 1797; joined Wordsworth in writing Lyri. cal Ballads(published 1798), contributingThe Ancient Mariner wrote the first part ofChristabel* and Kubla Khan 1797; contributed occasional poems and articles to theMorning Post 1798-1802: went to Shrewsbury as Unitarian minister, 1798, and met William Hazlitt; accepted two annuities of 7bl. each from Josiah and Thomas Wedgwood, on condition of devoting himself to literature; furnished with funds by the Wedgwoods to visit Germany, 1798-9; published his translation of Schiller's Wallenstein 1800: settled at Keswick, 1800; wrote the second part of Christabel 1800; a slave to opium, 1803; visited Malta, 1804-5, and Rome, 1805-6; confirmed in 751. annuity by the will of Thomas Wedgwood (d. July 1805); first met Thomas De Quincey. at Bridgewater, 1807; lectured, very indifferently, at the Royal Institution, 1808: left his family at Keswick and became dependent on Wordsworth at Grasmere, 1809; canvassed for subscribers to theFriendnewspaper; published the Friend August 1809 to March 1810; contributed to the London Courier 1809, 1811, and 1814; his 751. annuity from Josiah Wedgwood stopped, 1811; lectured in London on Shakespeare and other poets, 1810-11, 1812, and 1813; his Remorseacted with success at Drury Lane, 1813; left his family dependent on Southey, allowing his wife his 751. annuity and quartering himself on his friends; lectured on Shakespeare and Milton, at Bristol, 1813; his shivery to opium now undisguisable: domiciled with John Morgan at Calne, Wiltshire, 1813-16; domiciled with James Gillman, at Highgate, 1816-34; published his autobiography, Biographia Literaria 1817; last lectured in London, 1818; pensioner of Society of Literature, 18241830: publishedAids to Reflection 1825; alion* of London literary circles; visited Germany, 1828; took a leading part in the introduction of English thinkers to the results of German thought; published his collected Poetical and Dramatic Works 1828.
^ Sara Coleridge (1802–1852), author of 'Phantasmion 1837; daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ; married, 1829, Henry Nelson Coleridge; annotated and edited her father's writings.
^ William Hart Coleridge (1789–1849), bishop of Barbados; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1808-24; M.A., 1814; D.D., 1824; curate of St. Andrew's, Holborn; bishop of Barbados, 1824-41; warden of St. Augustine's Missionary College, Canterbury; published sermons and charges.
^ Cowper Phipps Coles (1819–1870), naval officer ; entered navy, 1838; captain, 1856; served in Black Sea, 1863-6; constructed a good gun-raft, 1865; suggested building a turret-ship, with low freeboard, and heavy guns, 1861; the Captain constructed after his plans, and (1870) commissioned; went down with the Captain off Cape Finisterre.
^ Elisha Coles (1640?–1680), lexicographer and stenographer; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1658-61; teacher of Latin and English in London, 1663; usher of Merchant Taylors School, 1677; master of Galway school, 1678; published devotional verses, 1671, a treatise on shorthand, 1674, primers of English and Latin, 1674-5, an English dictionary, 1676, and a Latin dictionary, 1677.
^ Elisha Coles (1608?-1688), Calvinist; intruded manciple of Magdalen Hall, Oxford; deputy-registrar to the parliamentary visitors, 1651: intruded steward of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1657-60: clerk to the East India Company; published A Practical Discourse of God's Sovereignty 1673.
^ Elisha Coles (d. 1715?), son of Elisha Coles (1608 ?-1688)
^ Gilbert Coles (1617–1676). divine; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1637; M.A., 1643; D.D., 1667; fellow of Winchester College, 1648 and 1660-76; rector of East Meon, 1648, of Easton. Hampshire, 1660-76, and of Ash, Surrey, 1669; published tract against Romanism, 1674.
^ John Coles or Cole (fl. 1650), translator of part of Cleopatre (1663); probationer fellow and schoolmaster of New College, Oxford, 1643; ejected by the parliamentary visitors, 1648; schoolmaster at Wolverhampton.
^ Sir Henry Colet (d. 1505), lord mayor of London ; mercer's apprentice and mercer in London; alderman, 1476; sheriff, 1477; lord mayor, 1486 and 1495; knighted, 1487.
^ John Colet (1467?–1519), dean of St. Paul's and founder of St. Paul's School; eldest and only surviving child of Sir Henry Colet; studied at Oxford, c. 1483; M.A., c. 1490: read mathematics and, in Latin versions, Platonic and Neo-platonic philosophy; nonresident rector of Dennington, Suffolk, 1485-1619;; vicar of St. Dunstan's, Stepney, 1485-1605; rector of Thurniug, Huntingdonshire, 1490-3; prebendary of York, 1494, and of St. Martin-le-Grand, 1494-1504; chaplain of Hilberworth, Norfolk; travelled in Italy, studying the fathers, canon and civil law, and the rudiments of Greek, 1493-6; resided in Oxford, and lectured on the New Testament, 1496-1504; priest, 1498; met Erasmus, 1498; prebendary of Salisbury, 1502; D.D., 1604; dean of St. Paul's, 1504-19; Inherited his father's vast fortune, 1505; founded St. Paul's School, writing for it in English a Latin accidence, 1509; endowed thebchopl, 1511-14; preached before convocation against ecclesiastical corruptions, 1512; preached against war with Prance, 1512-13; accused of heresy by FitzJames, bishop of London, 1513-14; made the Canterbury pilgrimage, 1514; paid an annuity to Erasmus; preached at Wolsey's installation as cardinal, 15 ".5; drew up statutes for St. Paul's School, 1518; some of his devotional works published, 1634; his complete works first issued, 1867-76.
^ Henry Coley (1633–1695?), mathematician and astrologer; teacher of mathematics in London; published 4 Ola vis Astrologiae 1669; amanuensis and adopted son of William Lilly, 1677; continued (Lilly's)Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1681 to 1695.
^ Abraham Colfe or Calf (1580–1657), divine; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1599; curate, 1604-10, and vicar, 1610-57, of Lewisham, Kent; rector of St. Leonard's, Eastcheap, London, 1609-47; founded grammar school at Lewisham, 1662, and bequeathed money to found a library and an almshouse.
^ Isaac Colfe (1660?–1597), divine ; born at Canterbury; of French refugee parentage; M.A. Broadgates Hall, Oxford, 1582; ricar of Stone, 1585-7, and of Brookland, Kent, 1687; master of Kingsbridge Hospital, Canterbury, 1696; published sermons.
^ John Colgan (d. 1657?), hagiographer ; born in Ulster; Franciscan friar and divinity professor at Louvain; published Acta Sanctorum... Hiberniae (in the calendar, January-March), 1645, Trias Thaumaturga (lives of SS. Patrick, Columba, and Bridget), 1647, and a life of Duns Scotus, 1655.
^ Lord Colinton (d. 1688). See James Foulis.
^ Frederick William Collard (1772–1860), pianoforte manufacturer; partner in firm of Clementi & Co., 1800-31, of Collard &, Collard, 1832-60.
^ William Frederick Collard (1776–1866), partner in Clementi fc Co.; partner with his brother Frederick William Collard, 1832-42.
^ Thomas Richardson Colledge (1796–1879), physician; officially employed in Canton, Macao, and other Chinese port's till 1841; founded medical mission in China, 1837; pensioned; M.D. Aberdeen, 1839: practised at Cheltenham, 1841-79.
^ Stephen College (1635?-1681), 'the protestant oiner; a clever London carpenter; of presbyterian and democratic opinions; conformed to the church, 1G6U; issued ballads and pamphlets against Romanism; daring the excitement of thepopish plotsoldprotestant flails pocket bludgeons to repel anticipated Romanist assassins; came in arms to Oxford, at the sitting of parliament, 1681; arrested in London, 1681; bill against him thrown out by the grand jury, July 1681; taken to Oxford condemned and executed. His several ballads and pamphlets. s fate was the subject of
^ Abraham Colles (1773–1843), surgeon; studied surgery in Dublin, Edinburgh, and London; M.D. Edinburgh, 1796; practised medicine in Dublin, 1797-9; I specialised in surgery; resident surgeon 1799-1813, and visiting surgeon, 1813-41, of Steevens's Hospital, Dublin; professor of anatomy and surgery, 1804-36; an able operator; discoverer of Colles's fracture of the radius; published surgical treatises.
^ John Collet (1725?–1780), painter; exhibited, chiefly humorous pieces, 1721-80; his pictures pleasing to the popular taste and often engraved.
^ John Colleton (1548–1635), Roman catholic divine; educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, 1565, Louvain, and, 1576, Douay; priest on the English mission, 1576; prisoner in the Tower, 1581-4; exiled, 1684; returned to England, 1587; laboured in London and Kent; imprisoned, 1610; dean and vicar-general, 1623-6; urged the pope to sanction Prince Charles's marriage with Henrietta Maria, 1624; published polemical tracts.
^ Sir George Pomeroy Collet (1835–1881), major-general; an Irishman; educated at Sandhurst; ensign, 1852; border magistrate and surveyor in Cape Colony, 1857; captain, 1860; served in China; brevetmajor, 1863; professor at the Staff College, Sandhurst; lieutenant-colonel in Ashanti campaign, 1873; visited Natal and the Transvaal, 1875; secretary to the viceroy of India, 1876; chief of staff in Zulu war, 1879; K.O.S.I., 1879; major-general and governor of Natal, 1880; defeated by the Boers at Laing's Nek, January 1881; defeated and killed at Majuba Hill, 26 February 1881.
^ John Collet (. 1440), theological writer ; Carmelite friar of Doncnster.
^ Samuel Colliber (fl. 1718–1737), author ot Columna Rostrata a history of recent Dutch naval wars, 1727, and of theological tracts.
^ Arthur Collier (1680–1732), metaphysician ; of Balliol College, Oxford, 1698; rector of Langford Magna, Wiltshire, 1704-32; publishedClavis Universalis 1713, a metaphysical treatise, anticipating Berkeley's views, 'A Specimen of True Philosophy 1730, andLogology 1732; wrote inMist's Journal against Bishop Hoadly'a opinions, 1719.
^ Sir Francis Augustus Collier (1783?-1849), rear-admiral; second son of Sir George Collier; entered navy, 1794; lieutenant, 1803; sent against Arab pirates in the Persian Gulf, 1819-20; rear-admiral, 1846.
^ Sir George Collier (1738–1795), vice-admiral: entered navy, 1751; commander, 1761; visited Paris and Brussels, 1773; knighted, 1775; senior officer at Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1776-9; inflicted great damage on American shipping, 1779; commanded ship at the relief of Gibraltar and captured Spanish frigate, 1781; M.P., Houiton, 1784; rear-admiral, 1793; vice-admiral, 1794.
^ Giles Collier (1622–1678), author of sabbatical tracts; entered New Inn Hall, Oxford, 1638; MA., 1648; took the covenant, 1648; vicar of Blockley, Worcestershire, c. 1648 till death.
^ Jeremy Collier (1650–1726), nonjuror ; educated at Ipswich and from 1669 at Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1676; rector of Ampton, Suffolk, 1679-86; lecturer of Gray's Inn, London, 1685; published sermons, 1686-7, numerous pamphlets against William III, 1688-93, and essuya, 1694-7; publicly absolved on the scaffold two of those executed for the assassination plot, 1696; outlawed, but unmolested: published Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage 1698, Cd re joinders to those who replied 1699-1708; minister of u London nonjuring congregation; published an Hidcal Dictionary adapted from Louis Moreri, 1705-21, bU learned Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain i-ll; was ordained a nonjuring bishop, 1713; orlined nonjuriug bishop.*, 1716 and 1722; introduced a 9V (Romanising) communion office, and produced a among the nonjurore, 1718.
^ Joel Collier (18th cent.), musician; pseudonym of George Veal.; tenor-player at the Italian opera; slishedMusical Travels in England 1774, satirising Burney,(1726-1814), andJoel Collier iivivus 1818, satirising Jean-Baptiste Logier.
^ John Collier , 'Tim Bobbin' (1708–1786), author and painter; usher (1729) and master (1739-86) of Milnrow school, near Rochdale; painted grotesque figures for tap-room walls; published twenty-six grotesque engravings, 1772-3; under the nameTim Bobbin published satirical pieces in the Lancashire dialect, 1739-71, and two squibs directed against John Whitaker'sHistory of Maii.-liuster 1771-3.
^ John Payne Collier (1789–1883), Shakespearean critic: brought up at Leeds; reporter to Times London, iwiuI: barrister, Middle Temple, 1829; F.S.A., 1830; published anonymously satirical Criticisms on the Bar 1819; onMorning Chroniclestaff, 1821-47; published Poetical Decameron 1820, showing much knowledge of less-known Elizabethan poets; edited Old Plays supplementing those in Dodsley'scollection, 1826-7, 1833, and 186 1; forged ballads; falsified documents belonging to Dulwich College, the public records, and the Egerton (Bridgewater House) collection; published a History of English Dramatic Poetry 1831, and Facts and Particulars concerning Shakespeare, 1836-6 and 1839, largely utilising his forgeries; librarian to, and pensioner of, the Duke of Devonshire: edited papers for the Oainden Society, 1838-63, the Percy Society, 1840-4, and the Shakespeare Society, 1841-61; secretary to the British Museum commission, 1847-60; edited Roxburghe Ballads 1847, Registers of the Stationers Company 1848-9, and Thomas Hey wood's works, 1860-1; received a civil list pension, 1860; forged marginal corrections in a first folio of Shakespeare the Egerton folio before 1841, and in a second folio the Perkins folio) before 1852; brought out annotated editions of Shakespeare, 1842-4, 1858, and 1876-8, and a text of Shakespeare, 1853, based on these forgeries; published what he alleged to be Coleridge's (1811) lectures on Shakespeare, 1866; his Shakespeare forgeries exposed, 1859-61; edited Edmund Spenser's works, 1862; reprinted privately old pieces in prose and verse, 1863-71: published notes on rare English books, 1865; wrote also original verse and an autobiographical fragment.
^ Robert Porrett Collier , first Baron Monkswell (1817–1886), judge; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1843: a liberal in politics; barrister, Inner Temple, 1843; went on the western circuit; secured pardon of Brazilian pirates, 1846; recorder of Penzance; M.P., Plymouth, 1852-71; counsel to the admiralty, 1859; solicitor-general, 1863-6; attorney-general, 1868-71; made justice of common pleas, 1871, to qualify for the judicial committee of the privy council; created Baron Monkswell, 1886; landscape painter; published law treatises.
^ Thomas Collier (fl. 1691), baptist ; owned land in Godalming, 1634; baptist preacher in Guernsey, in Yorkshire, 1646, and in the south and west of England; published polemical tracts, 1645-91.
^ Catherine Collignon (1766–1832), translator of Jean-Baptiste Ladvocat's Historical Dictionary 1792; daughter of Charles Collignon; benefactor of Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.
^ Charles Collignon (1725–1786), physician; M.B. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1749; M.D., 1764; professor of anatomy, Cambridge, 1753-86; his Miscellaneous Writings published, 1786.
^ Charles Colling (1751–1836), stockbreeder; occupied farm at Ketton, near Darlington, from 1782; greatly improved the breed of shorthorn cattle on the Tees and Skerne, and produced many celebrated animals, including the bull Hubback
^ Robert Colling (1749–1820), stockbreeder; brother of Charles Colling: occupied farm at Barmpton, where he became a noted breeder of shorthorns.
^ John Collinges (1623–1690), presbyterian ; educated at Cambridge; presbyterian chaplain at Bures, Essex, 1645; intruded vicar of St. Saviour's, 1646-53, and of St. Stephen's, Norwich, 1653-60; D.D.; published controversial tracts, 1651-8, sermons and devotional tracts, 1650-2 and 1075-81; contributor to Matthew Poole's bible.
^ Peter Bernardine Collingridge (1757–1829), Roman catholic prelate; born in Oxfordshire; Franciscan friar at Douay, 1770; president of Baddesley College, Birmingham, 1791; stationed in London; provincial, 1806; D.D.; titular bishop of Thespiw and coadjutor of the western district, 1807.
^ Samuel Collings (ft. 1780–1790?), painter and caricaturist; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1784-9; designed caricatures engraved by Thomas Rowlandson; wrote verses.
^ John Collington (1548–1635).
^ Cuthbert Collingwood , first Baron Collingwood (1750–1810), vice-admiral ; served on home stations, 1761-74; served at Bunker's Hill, 1776; lieutenant, 1775; served in West Indies, 1776-81, 1783-6, 1790-1; censured for petulance, 1777; lieutenant in Nelson's ship, 1778; wrecked 1781; commanded ship in battle of 1 June, 1794, and in the Mediterranean, 1795-7; did good service at Cape St. Vincent, 1797; blockaded Cadiz, 1797-8; rearadmiral, 1799; blockaded Brest, 1799-1805; vice-admiral, 1804; cruised off Cadiz, 1805; took command on Nelson's death at Trafalgar, October 1805; lost many of the prizes through neglecting Nelson's last order; raised to the peerage and pensioned; cruised off Spain, 1806-7: sent to the Dardanelles, 1807; cruised off Sicily, 1807-8; culpably missed a chance of destroying the Toulon fleet, 1808; blockaded Toulon, 1808-10; died at sea; buried in St. Paul's.
^ George Collingwood (d. 1716), Jacobite ; taken prisoner at Preston, executed at Liverpool.
^ Roger Collingwood (. 1513), mathematician; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1497-1510; M.A., 1499; travelled, 1507-10; proctor, 1513.
^ Anthony Collins (1676–1729), deist ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; friend of John Locke, 1703-4; published political tracts, 1707-10; attacked the first clause authority in controversies of faith) of the twentieth Article of Religion, 1709 and 1724; visited Holland, 1711 and 1713; published hisDiscourse of Freethinking 1713; ridiculed by Bentley and Swift; published Enquiry Concerning Human Liberty 1715, The Grounds of the Christian Religion 1724, and Literal Scheme of Prophecy 1726.
^ Arthur Collins (1690?–1760), author of the Peerage; bookseller in London; published his Peerage of England one volume, 1709 (fourth edition, 1717), and 'Baronetage of England two volumes, 1720; revised issue of the Peerage three volumes, 1735 (second edition, 1741; supplement, 1750); pensioned; enlarged edition of the Peerage six volumes, 1756; published histories of noble families, 1732-56; the definitive edition of Collins'a Peerage by Sir Egerton Brydges (nine volumes), appeared in 1812, and that of the Baronetage (five volumes), by Wotton, in 1741.
^ Charles Allston Collins (1828–1873), painter and author; son of William Collins (1788-1847); a pre-Raphaelite; exhibited at the Royal Academy; published essays and novels.
^ Charles James Collins (1820–1864), sporting journalist in London; published burlesques ami novels.
^ David Collins (1766–1810), colonial governor; lieutenant of marines, 1770; served at Bunker's Hill, 1776, and at the relief of Gibraltar, 1782; secretary with Arthur Phillip at Botany Bay, 1787-96; published Account of ... New South Wales 1798-1802; governor of Tasmania, 1804-10.
^ Greenvile Collins (fl. 1679–1693), hydrographer: director of the coast survey of Great Britain, 1681-8; published Great Britain's Coasting Pilot 1693.
^ Hercules Collins ( d. 1702), baptist minister at Wapping: published sermons and controversial tracts, 1680-96.
^ John Collins (L 1634), physician ; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1598; M.D., 1608: fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1613; regius professor .of medicine, Cambridge, 1026-34.
^ John Collins (1625–1683), mathematician; bookseller's apprentice in Oxford; clerk in Prince Charles's kitchen: served at sea off Crete. 1642-9; mathematical teacher in London; published mathematical treatises, 1652-9; government clerk, 1660-72: F.R.S., 1667; published pamphlets on trade, 1680-2; his large scientific correspondence partly printed, 1712.
^ John Collins (1632?–1687), congregational minister: taken as a boy to America; fellow of Harvard, c. 1649; chaplain in Monck's army, 1659-60: congregational minister in London; published sermons.
^ John Collins (1725?–1759?), painter of Italian landscapes; scene-painter to various London theatres.
^ John Collins (1741–1797), Shakespearean scholar ; educated at Eton and from 1759 at Queen's College, Oxford: B.C.L., 1766; curate of Ledbury, Herefordshire; defended Edward Capell against George Steevens, 1777; edited Capell'sNoteson Shakespeare, 1781; became imbecile; died in penury.
^ John Collins (d. 1807), colonel: nicknamed 'King Collins; cadet in the Bengal army, 1769; major, 1794; lieutenant-colonel, 1796; resident at the court of Daulat Rao Sindhia, 1795-1803: envoy to Jeypore, 1799: resident at the Nawab of Oudh's court, Lncknow, 1804-7.
^ John Collins (d. 1808), actor and poet; son of a tailor at Bath; a staymaker; went on the stage at Bath: acted at Dublin, 1764; gave a popular vocal and anecdotal entertainment in London and the provinces, 17751793; published Scripscrapologia (verses), 1804, and contributed verses to the Birmingham Chronicle
^ Mortimer Collins (1827–1876), man of letters ; son of a Plymouth solicitor; mathematical master in Guernsey, 1850-6; published verses, 1855 and 1860: wrote for periodicals: settled in Berkshire, 1862; published humorous novels, political squibs, essays.
^ Richard Collins (d. 1732), draughtsman of the Spalding Society; pupil of Michael Dahl
^ Richard Collins (1755–1831), miniature painter in London; pupil of Jeremiah Meyer; exhibited, 1777-1818; retired to Pershore, Worcestershire, 1811; returned to London, 1828.
^ Samuel Collins (1576–1651), divine; born and educated at Eton; scholar of King's College, Cambridge, 1691; M.A., 1599; D.D., 1613; chaplain to archbishops Bancroft and Abbot; rector of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire (ejected 1643); sinecure rector of Milton, Cambridgeshire; provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1615; regius professor of divinity, Cambridge, 1617-51; prebendary of Ely, 1618; ejected by puritans from provostship, 1645; published pamphlets against Bellarmine.
^ Samuel Collins (1619–1670), author of the Present State of Russia (published 1671): entered Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1635; M.D. Padua, 1651; incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1659; physician to the Czar of Russia at Moscow, 1660-9; died at Paris.
^ Samuel Collins (1617–1686), physician; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1637; B.A., 1638; studied medicine at Leyden: M.D. Cambridge, 1648; intruded fellow of New College, Oxford, and incorporated as M.D., 1650; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1651; practised in London.
^ Samuel Collins (1618–1710), comparative anatomist; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1642: travelled; M.D. Padua, 1654: incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1659, and at Cambridge, 1673; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1668, and president, 1695; practised in London; published A Systeme of Anatomy 1685.
^ Samuel Collins (fl. 1760–1780), miniature-painter.
^ Samuel Collins (1802–1878), the bard of Hale Moss; a Lancashire weaver and radical politician; publishedn Miscellaneous Poems partly in the Lancashire dialect.
^ Thomas Collins (fl. 1615), author of The Penitent Publican, a devotional poem, 1610, and The Teares of Love, a pastoral, 1615.
^ William Collins (1721–1759), poet; son of a Chichester hatter; educated at Winchester; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1741: B.A., 1743; published verses in theGentleman's Magazine 1739; published his Persian Eclogues 1742, and his Odes which take a very high rank among English lyrics, 1747; contributed some odes to Dodsley's Museum 1749; became imbecile; affectionately cared for by his sister; his collected works first published, 1766.
^ William Collins (d. 1793), modeller of bas reliefs for chimney-pieces and reredoses; exhibited at the Incorporated Society of Artists, 1760-8.
^ William Collins (1788–1847), landscape, portrait, and figure painter; exhibited, 1807-46; also etched: his paintings very popular, and many of them engraved; R.A., 1820.
^ William Lucas Collins (1817–1887), miscellaneous writer: M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1841; vicar of Kilsby, 1867-73, and rector of Lowick, Northamptonshire, 1873-87; wrote popular monographs on great writers.
^ William Wilkie Collins ( 1824–1889), novelist; son of William Collins (1788-1847); articled to a firm of tea merchants in London; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1846, and was called to the bar, 1851: published Antonina 1850, and Rambles beyond Railways 1851; soon adopted the profession of literature: made acquaintance of Dickens; contributed toHousehold Wordsand the Holly Tree from 1855: collaborated with Dickens in Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices and * Perils of certain English Prisoners 1857; contributed The Woman in White to All the Year Round 1860, and subsequently issued serial stories in this and other magazines, including 'Cornhill and Temple Bar; joined Dickens in writing No Thoroughfare 1867; gave public readings in United States, 1873-4. His works includeThe Dead Secret 1857,Armadale 1866,Moonstone 1868,The Two Destinies 1876, and several plays.
^ James Collinson (1825?–1881), painter; one of the pre-Raphaelites; embraced Roman Catholicism; exhibited at various institutions, 1847-80; wrote verse.
^ John Collinson (1757?–1793), county historian; vicar of Clanfield, Oxfordshire; vicar of Long Ashton, Somerset, 1787-93; published Beauties of British Antiquities 1779, and History... of Somerset 1791.
^ Peter Collinson (1694–1768), naturalist and antiquary; born near Windermere: a North American merchant; F.S.A.; F.R.S., 1728; correspondent of Benjamin Franklin; studied plants and insects; contributed to scientific journals.
^ Sir Richard Collinson (1811–1883), admiral: entered the navy, 1823; employed on survey work on the South American coast, 1828, and in the China seas, 1840-6: captain, 1842; went through Behring Straits in search of Sir John Franklin, 1850-4; rear-admiral, 1862; admiral and K.O.B., 1876; wrote geographical papers,
^ Septimus Collinson (1739–1827), provost of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1767; D.D., 1793: rector of Dowlish, Somerset, 1778, and of Holwell, Dorset, 1794; provost of Queen's College, 1796, and Lady Margaret professor of divinity, Oxford, 1798-1827.
^ John Day Collis (1816–1879), author of classical school-books; educated at Rupby, 1832-4; fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, 1839-47: M.A., 1841: D.D., 1860; head-master of Bromsgrove school, 1842-67: vicar of Stratford-on-Avon, 1867-79.
^ John Collop (ft. 1660), royalist writer; M.D. ; published Poesis Rediviva 1666, being verses against the sectaries, a plea for religious toleration eutitled 'Medici Catholicon 1656, andItur (sic) Satyricum 1660, verses welcoming the Restoration.
^ Joseph Collyer , the elder (d. 1776), compiler and translator: published History of England 1774-5.
^ Joseph Collyer , the younger (1748–1827), engraver: son of Joseph Collyer the elder; engraved chiefly ort rait-; a book illustrator: exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1770-1822.
^ Mary Collyer (d. 1763), authoress; nee Mitchell; wife of Joseph Collyer the elder; translated Gesner (1761) and Klopstock.
^ William Bengo Collyer (1782–1854), congregational minister; educated at Homertou College, 1798; minister at Peckham, 1800-54; D.D. Edinburgh, 180; preacher at Salters' Hall Chapel, 1813; published sermons, hymns, and tracts.
^ Colman of cloyne, Saint (522–600), known as MacLenin; commemorated on 24 Nov.; bard to the king of Cashel; converted to Christianity and named Colman (Columbanns); taught by St. Jarlath of Tuam; missionary in east Cork; settled at Oloyne.
^ Ela Colman or Elo, Saint (553–610), son of Beogna and Mor, sister of St. Columba; commemorated on 26 Sept.; born at Qlenelly, Tyrone; ordained presbyter at Hy (lona); founded Muckamore Abbey, Antrim, and Laud-Elo (now Lyually), King's County; visited lona.
^ Saint Colman (d. 676), bishop of Lindisfarne; commemorated on 8 Aug. in Ireland, and on 18 Feb. in Scotland; born in Mayo; monk at lona; bishop of Lindisfarue, 661; unsuccessfully defended Celtic usages against Wilfrith and the Roman party, 664; withdrew to lona, and thence (668) to Inishboftn island, Mayo.
^ George Colman , the elder (1732–1794), dramatist ; born in Florence, where hifl father (d. 1733) was British envoy; nephew of William Pulteney, afterwards (1742) Earl of Bath: educated at Westminster; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1751: M.A., 1758; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1755; went on the Oxford circuit, 1759; joint-editor of The Connoisseur 1754-6; friend of David Garrick, 1758; successfully brought out a farce, his first dramatic piece, 1760; made his mark withThe Jealous Wife 1761; between 1762 and 1789 wrote or adapted some thirty dramatic pieces; inherited 945J. a year from the Earl of Bath, 1764; translated Terence, 1765; manager of Covent Garden Theatre, 1767-74; manager of Havmarket Theatre, 1777-89; edited Beaumont and Fletcher, 1778; translated Horace's Art of Poetry 1783; published miscellaneous essays, 1787; became insane.
^ George Colman , the younger (1762–1836), dramatist; son of George Colman the elder; entered Westminster School, 1772, Christ Church, Oxford, 1779, and Aberdeen University, 1781; sent to London his first dramatic piece, 1782; returned to London; between 1784 and 1822 wrote or adapted some twenty-five dramatic pieces, the best known being The Heir at Law a comedy, 1797, andJohn Bull a comedy, 1803; manager of Haymarket Theatre, 1789-1813; published coarse comic poems, 1797-1820; showed great scrupulosity as examiner of plays, 1824-36; involved in litigation and debt; osed sometimes the pseudonym of Arthur Griffinhoofe; published Random Records an autobiography, 1830.
^ Walter Colman (d. 1645), poet; educated at Douay; an Observant friar; priest on the English mission; Imprisoned, 1641-5; published, c. 1632,La Dance Machabre
^ Dominic Paul Colnaghi (1790–1879), print dealer; son of Paul Colnaghi; chief partner in firm of Coluaghi i Co., London, 1833-65; collected ancient armour.
^ Paul Colnaghi or Colnago (1751–1833), print dealer; born in Milan; Paris agent of Signer Torre, print dealer, of London; partner of Colnaghi & Co.; a naturali.-wl Englishman.
^ Philip Howard Colomb (1831–1899), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1846; served in Burmese war, 1852; lieutenant, 1852; flag-lieutenant to Sir Thomas SaMiie Pasley, 1857, and later to (Sir) Thomas Matthew Charles Symonds: made reports to admiralty on day and night signals, and devised night system known as Colomb's Flashing Signals 1858; commander, 1863; post-captain, 1870; rear-admiral, 1887; vice-admiral, 1892; published numerous writings on naval and other subjects.
^ Paul Colomiès or Colomesius (1638–1692), librarian; son of a physician at La Rochelle: educated at Saumur and Paris; visited Isaac Vossius in Holland, 1665; resided at La Rochelle, 1665-81; reader in Peter Allix's church; rector of Eynesford, Kent, 1687; naturalised, 1688; gave up librarianship of Lambeth Library, 1690; compiled Gallia Orientalis, a bibliography of French orientalists, 1665; published epigrams, collections of 'ana', historical tracts, and theological pieces, 1668-90; his Italia et Hispania Orientalis published 1730.
^ Adam de Colonia (1634–1685), painter ; son of Adam Louisz de Colonia, a Rotterdam painter; painted cattle-pieces, village wakes, and conflagrations by night; etched; made copies of Bassano's pictures; settled in England; died in London.
^ Lord Colonsay (1793–1874). See Duncan MacNeill.
^ John de Coloribus (. 1525), Dominican friar; a foreigner; D.D. Oxford, 1517; a protege of Wolsey: lectured at Oxford on theology; member of Wolsey'a Oxford college, 1525.
^ Sir John Colpoys (1742?–1821), admiral ; entered navy, 1766; served in West Indies, 1758-62, and in East Indies, 1770-4; aptaiii, 1773; commanded ship in West Indies, and in the Mediterranean, 1776-93; rear-admiral, 1794; on board the London at the mutiny at Spithead, 15 April 1797, and at St. Helens, 7 May; ordered by the admiralty to submit to the mutineers, 14 May; K.B., 1798; admiral, 1801; commander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1803; a lord of the admiralty, 1804; treasurer, 1806, and governor, 1816-21, of Greenwich Hospital.
^ Archibald Campbell-Colquhoun (d. 1820), lord clerk register; son of John Campbell of Clatbick; took the name Colquhoun, 1804, on inheriting Killermont, Dumbartonshire; advocate, 1768; M.P., 1810-20: lord advocate, 1807-16; lord clerk register, 1816-20.
^ Lady Janet Colquhoun (1781–1846), author of anonymous religious tracts (1822-39); nee Sinclair: married, 1799, James Colquhoun, afterwards (1805) third baronet, of Luss, Dumbartonshire.
^ John Colquhoun (1748 - 1827), theological writer; a Dumbartonshire shepherd: D.D.; studied at Glasgow; minister in South Leith, 1781-1827; published devotional tracts, 1813-18.
^ John Colquhoun (1805–1885), writer on sport ; son of Janet, lady Colquhoun; educated at Edinburgh; army officer in Connaught, 1828; published The Moor and the Loch 1840, and similar works, 1849-74. (1785-1854),
^ John Campbell Colquhoun, writer on psychical research; younger son of the second baronet of Luss: educated at Gbttingen; advocate at Scottish bar; sheriff -depute of Dumbartonshire, 1815-54; wrote on animal magnetism 1833; translated part of Kant, 1806, and Wienholt's Somnambulism 1845.
^ John Campbell Colquhoun (1803–1870), miscellaneous writer; eldest son of Archibald Campbell Colquhoun; educated at Edinburgh; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1823; M.P., 1832-47; published biographies and political and religious pamphlets.
^ Patrick Colquhoun (1745–1820), metropolitan police magistrate (1792-1818): merchant in Virginia, and, 1766-89, in Glasgow; removed to London, 1789; hon. LL.D. Glasgow, 1797; published pamphlets on trade, liquor traffic, poor relief, and police questions,
^ Sir Patrick Macchombaich Colquhoun (1815-1891), diplomatist, author, and oarsman; educated at Westminster and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., I 1844; LL.D., 1851; honorary fellow, 1886; called to bar at Inner Temple. 1838: bencher, 1869, treasurer, 1888; Q.O., 1868; plenipotentiary to Hanse towns, 1840; aulic coun- ! cillor to king of Saxony, 1867; member of supreme court of justice in Ionian islands, 1858; knighted and appointed chief- justice of the court, 1861; secretary of the Leander boat club; published legal and other writings.
^ John Colson (1680–1760), mathematician; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1699; mathematical master at Rochester; F.R.S., 1713; vicar of Chalk, Kent, 17241740 M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1728; Lucasian professor of mathematics, 1739; rector of Lockington, Yorkshire; published mathematical treatises and translations, 1726-52.
^ Lancelot Colson (fl. 1668), or OOKLSON, astrologer, of London; published almanacks, 1660-80; and a treatise on alchemy, Philosophia Maturata 1668.
^ Edward Colston (1636–1721), philanthropist; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; resided in Bristol, trading with the West Indies, 1683; resided at Mortlake, Surrey, 1689-1721; M.P., Bristol, 1710-13; founded and endowed almshousea and schools at Bristol, 1690-1712; founded school at Mortlake and an almshouse at Sheen; benefactor of poor benefices in England and of London hospitals: commemorated by the Colston banquets in Bristol.
^ John Colt (fl. 1618), sculptor ; probably son of Maximilian Colt
^ Colt or Coult, aliat Poultrain or Powtran (fl. 1600–1618), sculptor; native of Arras ; carved monuments in Westminster Abbey, 1605-8; master carver to James I, 1608; carved the decorations of court barges, 1611-24; prisoner in the Fleet, 1641.
^ Charles Caleb Colton (1780?–1832), author of Lacon (1820-2), two volumes of aphorisms; educated at Eton; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1804; nonresident rector of Prior's Portion, Tiverton, 1801, and vicar of Kew and Petersham, Surrey, 1818-28; wine merchant in London; bankrupt; withdrew to America: committed suicide; published satires, verses, essays, and sermons, 1809-22.
^ John Colton (d. 1404), archbishop of Armagh ; master of Gonville College, Cambridge, and doctor of canon law, 1348; rector of Terrington, Norfolk, 1350; prebendary of York; official in Ireland, raising troops against the natives, 1372; treasurer of Ireland, 1374 and 1381 dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1374-82; chancellor of Ireland, 1379-1381; lord justice, 1381; archbishop of Armagh, 1382.
^ Columba otherwise Columcille or Columbanus, Saint (521–597), commemorated on 9 June ; son of Feldilmid, an Ulster chief; born at Gartan, Donegal; a pupil of St. Finnian; reclose at Glasnevin, near Dublin; built churches at Derry and other places; went to Scotland, 663; founded the monastery of Hy (lona) and preached to the Picts; received Aidan into his community, 674; visited Ireland, 575 and 585; his reliques translated to Ireland, 878, and destroyed by the Danes, 1127; several books believed to liave been written by him long venerated in Ireland; his life written by Adamnan
^ Saint Columban (543–615), abbot of Luxeuil; commemorated on 21 Nov.; born in Leinster; recluse at Lough Erne; wrote religious verses; monk under St. Comgall at Bangor, co. Down; resided in Burgundy, 585-610; built monasteries at Anegray and (590) Luxeuil, Haute-SaOne, for which he drew up a monastic 4 rule afterwards common in France, till replaced by that of St. Benedict; quarrelled with the Frank bishops about Easter and the tonsure; expelled from Burgundy by Theodorik II, 610; befriended by Hlothair II of Soissons, and by Theodebert II of Metz, 611; preached to the heathen Alemanni and Suevi; settled at Bregenz in the Tyrol; founded the monastery of Bobbio, Piedmont, 613, and died there; his reputed writings edited by Patrick Fleming in 1621.
^ George Colvile or Coldewel (fl. 1566), translator of Boethius de Consolatione 1556.
^ Sir James William Colvile (1810–1880), judge ; of Craigflower, Fifeshire; educated at Eton; M.A. Trinity College, CamtVidge, 1834; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1835; advocate-general at Calcutta, 1845; justice, 1848, and chief-justice, 1855-9, of Bengal; knighted, 1848; member of the judicial committee of the privy council, 1869-80.
^ Alexander Colvill or Colville (1700–1777), Irish presbyterian minister; M.A. Edinburgh, 1715; studied medicine; licensed by presbytery of Cupar-Kife, 1722; refused ordination by presbytery of Armagh to the presbyterian pastorate of Dromore, 1724-5, for refusing subscription to Westminster Confession; ordained by presbytery of Dublin; joined himself and his followers to the expelled presbytery of Antrim, 1730; M.D.; raised troops for the government, 1745; published pamphlets and sermons.
^ Alexander Colville (1530?–1697), Scottish judge; granted Culross Abbey, 1567; opponent of Mary Queen of Scots; a lord of session, 1575-87 and 1587-97; served on various public commissions, 1578-92.
^ Alexander Colville (1620–1676), Scottish episcopalian; educated at Edinburgh; incumbent of Dysart, Fifeshire; professor at Sedan, France; died in Edinburgh; published pamphlets and verses against the presbyterians.
^ Sir Charles Colville (1770–1843), general; ensign, 1781; lieutenant-colonel, 1796; served in West Indies, 1791-7, against the Irish rebels, 1798, in Egypt, 1801, and against Martinique, 1809; commanded brigade, and afterwards division, in the Peninsula, 1810-14, and division in Belgium, 1815; K.C.B., 1815; lieutenant-general, 1819; commander-in-chief at Bombay, 1819-25; governor of Mauritius, 1828-34; general, 1837.
^ Elizabeth Colville, Lady Colville of Culros (fl. 1603), poetess; nee Melville ; wife of John Colville of Wester Cumbrae, who in 1640 became entitled to the barony of Colville of Culros. but never claimed it; reputed authoress of a religious poem, Ane Godlie Dreame... be M.M. 1603, founded on a traditional 'Lady of Culross's Dream'.
^ Sir James Colville (d. 1540?), diplomatist; of Easter Wemyss; sat in the Scottish parliament, 1525-36: comptroller of Scotland, 1625-38: exchanged ancestral estate of Ochiltree for Easter Wemyss, 1629; knighted and made a lord of session, 1632; commissioner to England, 1533-4; charged with treason, 1539; withdrew to England; his estates forfeited, 1541, but restored, 1543.
^ John Colville (1542?–1605), Scottish politician; of Cleish, Kinross-shire; M.A. St. Andrews, 1561; nonresident minister of Kilbride, Lanarkshire, 1567, of Oarmunnock, Lanarkshire, and of Eaglesham, Renfrewshire; chanter of Glasgow, 1569; master of requests, 1578; spy for Queen Elizabeth in Scotland; attached himself to the Gowrie faction J681; published justification of the 4 raid of Ruthven 1682; envoy to England. imprisoned, 1583, and expelled from his offices by parliament; restored, 1586; a lord of session, 1587, at once resigning; sat in the Scottish parliament. 1587; joined the Earl of Bethwell's faction, 1591; outlawed, 1593; pardoned on betraying his associates; renounced protestantism; visited Rome: died in Paris; published his Palinod 1600, an acknowledgment of James VI's title, and his 4 Paraenesis 1601, a justification of his conversion, and Latin verses and orations; some of his letters printed, 1858.
^ William Colville or Colvill (d. 1676), Scottish divine; of Cleish, Kinross-shire; M.A. St. Andrews, 1617; minister in Edinburgh, 1635-48; envoy to France, but taken prisoner by Charles 1, 1640; deposed, 1649, for favouring the engagement; minister at Utrecht; elected principal of Edinburgh University, 1652, but removed by Cromwell, 1663; minister of Perth, 1664; principal of Edinburgh University, 1662-75; published sermons.
^ John Russell Colvin (1807–1857), Indian official; in the East India Company's service in Bengal, 1826-35; private secretary to the governor-general, 1836-42; resi dent of Nepaul, 1845: commissioner in Tenasserim, 1846; member of the Sudder revenue court, 1849; lieutenant-governor of the north-west provinces, 1853; died at Agra.
^ Daniel Colwall (d. 1690), citizen of London ; F.R.S., l:i,;ni'l treasurer, 1C65-79: inaugurated the society's museum, 1666; benefactor of Christ's Hospital.
^ Sir David Colyear , first Earl of Portmore (d. 1730), a scion of the Robertsons of Strowan, Perth; entered dutch service, 1674; served under William III in Ireland (1689-90) and Flanders; married the Counter of Dorchester, mistress of James II; created Baron Portmore, 1699; major-general, 1702; created Earl of I'oi unore. 1703; served in Ormonde's futile expeditions to Spain, 1702, and Flanders, 1712; general, 1711; nongovernor of Gibraltar, 1713-30.
^ Thomas Colyngham (fl. 1387), Cistercian monk; graduate of Paris; theological writer.
^ Andrew Combe (1797–1847), physiologist and phrenologist; of a sickly constitution; qualified as a surgeon, 1817; studied anatomy in Paris, 1817; disciple of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim, 1818; practised medicine in Edinburgh, 1823-32, 1836-40; M.D. Edinburgh, 1825; contributed to medical journals; published popular health treatises, 1831-40; joined the Phrenological Society, 1820, and contributed to thePhrenological Journal 1823-46.
^ Charles Combe (1743–1817), numismatist; son of a London apothecary; educated at Harrow; apothecary in London, 1768; F.S.A., 1771; helped William Hunter to collect coins from 1773; F.R.S., 1776; one of Hunter's trustees, 1783; M.D. Glasgow, 1783; accoucheur in London, 1784-1817: publishedIndex nummorum omnium Imperatorum, Augnstorum et Caesarum 1773, a catalogue of some coins in Hunter's collection, 1782, and other numismatical tracts; edited Horace, 1792-3.
^ George Combe (1788–1858), phrenologist ; son of an Edinburgh brewer; educated in Edinburgh; a lawyer's apprentice, 1804; writer to the signet, 1812; became a disciple of Spurzheim; retired from business, 1836; wrote in defence of phrenology, 1818-19; founded the Phrenological Society. 1820, and the Phrenological Journal 1823; lectured on phrenology in Edinburgh from 1822; published Elements of Phrenology 1824, and Essay on the Constitution of Man 1828; lectured in America, 1838-40, and Germany, 1842; published pamphlets on education and social ethics.
^ Taylor Combe (1774–1826), numismatist; son of Charles Combe: educated at Harrow and, 1791, Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1798; F.S.A., 1796; keeper of coins, 1803, and of antiquities, 1807-26, in the British Museum; F.R.S., 1806; published catalogues of Museum coins and antique marbles, 1814-26; contributed to 'Archaeologia
^ Thomas Combe (1797–1872), printer; son of a Leicestershire bookseller; connected with the Clarendon press, Oxford, from 1837; a leading benefactor of the church in Oxford.
^ William Combe (1741–1823), author of 'Doctor Syntax; educated at Eton; eaid to have been at Oxford, . J760; travelled in France and Italy; lived extravagantly in London and (1768) in Bristol; nicknamed 'Count Combe'; withdrew to France, hopelessly in debt; returned to London; roamed about in the liberties of the Fleet, c. 1772 till death: compiled and translated travels and histories for the booksellers, 1774-1821; made a hit by The Diaboliad a satire on Simon, lord Irnlmm, 1776; issued similar metrical satires, 1777-84: published supposititious Letters 1777-85; published novels, 17841790; published political pamphlets, 1789-92, and was pensioned by Pitt, 1789-1806, as a government, writer; wrote letterpress for Boydell'sRiver Thames 1794-6, for Ackermann'sThames 1811,Westminster Abbey 1812,Oxford 1814, Cambridge 1815, and other illustrated works: contributed to the Times 1803-9; wrote letterpress for Thomas Rowlaudson's third volume of 'The Microcosm of London 1810, for his three Tours of Dr. Syntax 1812, 1820, and 1821, for hisDance of Death 1815-16, and Dance of Life," 1816, and for his Johnny Quae Genus 1822.
^ Thomas Comber (1575–1654), dean of Carlisle; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1593; fellow, 1697; M.A., 1598; visited France; chaplain to James I: rector of Worplesdon, Surrey, 1615; D.D.; dean of Carlisle, 1629; master of Trinity, Cambridge, 1631; ejected by the parliament.
^ Thomas Comber (1645–1699), dean of Durham; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1663: M.A., 1666; rector of Stonegrave, Yorkshire, 1669; prebendary, 1677, and precentor, 1683, of York; D.D.; dean of Durham, 1691; published Companion to the Temple 1672-1676, and other treatises expository of the liturgy, 1675-1696, anti-Romanist treatises, 1673-95, and pamphlets in favour of William III, 1689-92.
^ Nicholas Comberford , Comerford, or Quemerford, Nicholas (1544?-1599), Jesuit; born at Waterford; B.A. Oxford, 1563; went to Louvain; D.D., 1575; joined the Jesuits, 1578; published controversial tracts.
^ Viscount Combermere. See Stapleton Cotton–1773–1865.
^ John Comerford (1762?–1832?), miniature painter in Dublin; exhibited in London, 1804-9.
^ Saint Comgall (6th cent.), Latinised as Faustus; commemorated on 10 May; native of Antrim: a soldier; pupil of SS. Finuiau and Ciaran; missionary priest; recluse on Lough Erne; founded Baugor Abbey, co. Down, c. 558, and other monasteries; friend of St. Columba; author of a monastic rule copied by his pupil St. Oolumban
^ Robert de Comin, Comines, or Cumin, Earl of Northumberland (d. 1069), accompanied William the Conqueror to England; created Earl of Northumberland, and deputed to reduce the north of England, 1068; killed in a tumult at Durham; reputed ancestor of the Comyn family.
^ Comman or Commoc of Ross-Commain, Saint (fl. 550); commemorated on 26 Dec., of a noble Ulster family; pupil of St. Finnian; missionary in Connaught; founded Roscommon and other monasteries,
^ Commius (fl. B.C. 57-51), ambassador from Julius Caesar to the Britons; a Belgic Gaul set over the Atrebates by Julius Caesar, B.C. 57; sent, as envoy, to Britain, B.C. 55; served against the Menapii, B.C. 53; joined the 1 revolted Gauls, B.C. 52-61; possibly withdrew to Britain, where three sous of Commius are found inscribed on coins.
^ Roger Compotista or Computista (fl. 1360?), monk and prior of Bury St. Edmunds; compiled Expositiones vocabulorum Bibliae.
^ Henry Compton (1632–1713), bishop of London; younger son of Spencer Compton, second earl of Northampton; possibly served in the civil war; nobleman of Queen's College, Oxford, 1649-52; travelled in Italy; possibly served in Flanders; cornet in the horse guards, 1660; M.A. Cambridge, 1661; incorporated at Christ Church, Oxford, 1666; rector of Cottenham, Cambridgeshire; advanced in the church by his family influence and the favour of Danby; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1667; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and D.D., 1669; bishop of Oxford, 1674; translated to London, 1675; dean of the Chapel Royal, 1675; privy councillor, 1676; procured the banishment of Joannes Lyserus; religious instructor of Princesses Mary and Anne; his hopes of the see of Canterbury frustrated by the opposition of the Duke of York, 1677; assisted the persecuted French protestants, 1681; strongly opposed repeal of Test Act, 1685; dismissed from the privy council and the deanery of the Chapel Royal, 1685; suspended from episcopal functions for refusing to inhibit John Sharp at the king's order, 1686; agreed to support William of Orange, 1687; joined the revolutionary committee, 1688; signed the invitation to William, 30 June 1688; reinstated in his see, 1688; joined the bishopsprotest against James II's illegal acts, October and November 1688; conveyed Princess Anne to Nottingham; marched, as colonel of a regiment, to Oxford; welcomed William in London, December 1688; ordered omission of prayers for James II and the Prince of Wales, 1689; voted for declaring the throne vacant; reinstated as privy councillor and dean of the Chapel Royal; crowned William and Mary, April 1689; acted as primate during Bancroft's suspension, 1689-90; supported the toleration bill, 1691; lord almoner, 1702; voted for Sacheverell, 1710; collected foreign plants; spent his revenues in charity; published translations from French and Italian, 1666-77, and Letters and Charges to his clergy, 1679-1701.
^ Henry Compton (1805–1877), comedian; real name Charles Mackenzie; merchant's clerk in London; went on the provincial stage; first acted in London, 1837; at Dublin, 1840-1; acknowledged to be the best Shakespearean clown of his epoch; last acted, at Liverpool, 1877.
^ Sir Herbert Abingdon Draper Compton (1770-1846), judge: army officer in India; journalist in London; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1808; advocate-general at Madras and Calcutta; knighted, 1831; chief-justice of Bombay, 1831-9.
^ Spencer Compton, second Earl of Northampton (1601–1643), educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; K.B., 1616; styled Lord Compton, 1618; M.P., Ludlow, 1621-2; master of the robes to Charles, as prince of Wales, 1622, and as king, 1625-8; accompanied Prince Charles to Spain, 1623; called to the peers as Baron Oompton, 1626; succeeded to the earldom, 1630; supported Charles I against the Scots and the parliament, 1639-42; commissioned to raise Warwickshire for the king, 1642; fought in several actions, and was killed at Hopton Heath, 1643.
^ Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington (1673?-1743), third son of the third Earl of Northampton; M.P., 1698-1710 and 1713-27, and speaker of the house, 17151727; acted with the whigs; flattered the court; paymaster-general, 1722-30; K.B., 1725; created Baron Wilmington, 1728, and Earl, 1730: lord privy seal, 1730; lord president of the council, 1730; turned against Walpole, 1739; first lord of the treasury, 1742 till death.
^ Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, second Marquis of Northampton (1790–1851), styled Lord Compton; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1810: styled Earl Compton; M.P., 1812-20; voted with the whigs; in Italy, 1820-30; succeeded as marquis, 1828; president of the Royal Society, 1838-49; published verses,
^ Thomas Compton alias Carleton (1593?-1666), Jesuit; born in Cambridgeshire; joined the Jesuits, 1617; ordained priest at Douay, 1622; sent to England, 1625; professor at St. Omer and Liege; published Latin scholastic and theological treatises.
^ Sir William Compton (1482?–1528), soldier; inherited Compton, Warwickshire, 1493; in personal attendance on Henry VIII, 1509-23; knighted at Tournay, 1513; absentee chancellor of Ireland, 1513-16: served in the Scottish war, 1523.
^ Sir William Compton (1625–1663), royalist; third son of Spencer Compton, second earl of Northampton; fought bravely at taking of Banbury, 1642; knighted, 1643; royalist governor of Banbury, 1642: besieged, 1644; surrendered, 1646; took part in the Kentish rising, 1648; imprisoned, 1648, 1655, and 1658; master of the ordnance, 1660; M.P., 1661.
^ Alexander Comrie (1708–1774), writer against rationalism; a Scot: merchant's clerk in Holland; Ph.D. Leyden, 1734; pastor of Woubrugge, 1734-73: wrote in Dutch.
^ Alexander Comyn , second Earl of Buchan (d. 1289), constable of Scotland; succeeded to earldom, 1233; member of the king's council, 1244; justiciary of Scotland. 1253; banished from court, 1255; again in power, 1257; head of Comyn family, 1258; plundered the revolted Western Isles, 1264; inherited great estates in Galloway, 1264; sheriff of Wigtou, 1266; constable of Scotland, 1270; pledged himself to support the Maid of Norway, 1283; one of the regents, 1286.
^ John Comyn (d. 1212), archbishop of Dublin; Henry II's emissary against Becket to the emperor, 1168, and the pope, 1166; excommunicated by Becket; justice itinerant, 1169; envoy to Spain, 1177; a justiciar, 1179; elected, by King Henry's command, archbishop of Dublin. 1181; first visited Ireland, 1184-6; sided with Prince Richard, 1188; founded St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1190; set on foot controversy with see of Armagh as to precedence; excommunicated the viceroy, 1197; imprisoned in Normandy; restored, 1198; taken into favour by King John, 1199; returned to Ireland, 1203.
^ John Comyn (d. 1274), justiciar of Galloway; held large estates in Nithsdale and Tynedale; in power at the Scottish court, 1249-55; recovered power, 1257; conspired against Henry III, 1258; took Henry Ill's part a.Mim-t the barons, 1263; captured at Lewes, 12G4: rowan led by Henry III, 1265.
^ John Comyn , the elder (d. 1300?), claimant to Scottish throne; surnamed The Black; son and heir of John Comyn (d. 1274); inherited Badenoch, 1258; assented to marriage of Princess Margaret with Eric II of Norway, 1281; acknowledged her daughter Manraret's title to throne, 1284; one of the regents, 1286-92; claimed the throne, 1291; supported his brother-in-law, John deBaliol (1249-1315); banished south of Trent by Edward L 1296; restored, 1297.
^ John Comyn , the younger (d. 1306), surnamed The Red; son of John Comyn the elder; fought for his uncle, John Baliol, against Edward I, 1296: taken prisoner at Dunbar; released, 1297; visited France; fought at Palkirk, 1298; elected joint-guardian of Scotland by the nobles, 1299; expelled Edward I's officials, 1302, and defeated his officer, 1303; driven northward by Edward I; submitted, 1304; pardoned, on payment of a fine, 1305; murdered at Dumfries by Robert Bruce's followers.
^ John Comyn , third Earl of Buchan (d. 1313?), constable of Scotland; son of Alexander Comyn, second earl; succeeded, 1289; friendly to Edward I, 1290-1293; summoned to serve in Gascony, 1294; joined John Baliol, 1296; banished south of Trent; sent to Scotland to suppress Wallace's rising, 1297: elected joint-guardian of Scotland, 1299: envoy to request French intervention, 1303; his English estates forfeited, 1304, but soon restored; acknowledged Edward I as king of Scotland, 1305; at blood-feud with Bruce for the murder of his cousin, John Comyn the younger; opposed by his wife Isabella, who crowned Bruce at Scone, 1306; defeated by Bruce, 1307 and 1308; his estates seized by Robert Bruce, c. 1313.
^ Sir Robert Buckley Comyn (1792–1853), judge; educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool: M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1815; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1814; knighted, 1825; justice of Bengal, 1825; chiefjustice of Madras, 1835-42; published legal and historical works.
^ Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith (d. 1268), half-brother of Alexander Comyn, second earl of Buchan ; in attendance on Alexander II, 1221-7; acquired Badenoch, 1229; acquired the earldom of Menteith by marriage, 1230; built castles in Galloway, 1235: acquired the chief power in Scotland, 1249; put down by Henry III, 1255; regained power, 1257.
^ Sir John Comyns (d. 1740), judge ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1690; M.P., Maldon, 1701-26; serjeant-at-law, 1705; baron of the exchequer, 1726; justice of common pleas, 1736; chief baron of exchequer, 1738: wrote in law-French Reports and a Digest of English Law since translated.
^ Conaeus (d. 1640).
^ John Conant (1608–1694), theologian: entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1627: fellow, 1633-47; M.A., 1 1634; D.D., 1664; withdrew from Oxford, 1642; preached in Somerset and London; chaplain to George, baron Chandos, at Uxbridge; rector of Exeter College, 1649-62; regius professor of divinity, 1654-60: vice-chancellor, 1667-60; ejected from his headship for nonconformity, 1662; ordained priest, 1670: vicar of All Saints, North I ainptou, 1671; archdeacon of Norwich, 1676; prebendary j of Worcester, 1681; became blind; published sermons.
^ John Conant (1664?–1723), biographer*!' son of : John Conant: fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1676-87: D.C.L., 1683: practised at DoctorsCommons; I wrote a life of his father (published, 1823).
^ Matthew Concanen (1701–1749), author: born in Ireland; brought out a comedy and poems, 1721-2; hack-writer and government journalist in London: befriended by William Warburton, 1726; wrote against Pope, 1728, and was accordingly placed in the Dunciad 17 i".i: attorney-general of Jamaica, 1732-48.
^ William de Conches (d. 1154). See William.
^ John Condé (fl, 1785–1800), engraver; of French nationality; engraved portraits of celebrities,
^ Henry Condell, or Cundell (d. 1627), actor; partner in the Globe and Blackfriars theatres; acted leading parts in plays by Shakespeare, Jonson, Beaumont and Flrtrher. YlisU-r, and Murston, 1598-1623: member of the lord chamberlain's company, and, 1603-25, of the king's company of players; received a mourning ring by will from Shakespeare, 1616; with John Heming, edited the first folio of Shakespeare's plays, 1623.
^ Henry Condell (1757–1824), composer ; violinist in London orchestras; composed stage-music, 1803-8, also catches, songs, and duets.

[1] Francis Clater (1756–1823), author of 'Every Man his own Farrier 1783, and His own Cattle Doctor 1810; farrier and subsequently druggist.

[2] Thomas Clater (1789–1867), painter; third son of Francis Clater; exhibited, chiefly genre works, in London, 1819-63.

[3] Antoine François Jean Claudet (1797-1867), photographer; born at Lyons; director of glassworks at Choisy-le-Roi; glass warehouseman in London, 1829; invented a glass-cutting machine, 1833; set up as daguerreotype photographer, 1840; soon adopted the collodion process; introduced improvements in photography; wrote on photographic subjects; F.R.S., 1863.

[4] Piers Calverley Claughton (1814–1884), bishop of Colombo; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1835; fellow and tutor of University College, Oxford, 1837-42; bishop of St. Helena, 1859-62; bishop of Colombo, 1862-70; archdeacon of London, 1870; chaplain-general of the forces, 1875; published sermons and theological tracts.

[5] Thomas Legh Claughton (1808–1892), bishop of St. Albans; brother of Piers Calverley Claughton ; educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1831; fellow, 1832-42; M.A., 1833; public examiner, 1835; select preacher, 1841, 1850, 1860, and 1868; professor of poetry, 1852-7; ordained, 1834; vicar of Kidderminster, 1841-67; bishop of Rochester, 1867-77; first bishop of new diocese of St. Albans, 1877-90; published sermons and religious writings.

[6] John Clavel (1603–1642), highwayman; sentenced to death but pardoned, 1627; published metrical autobiography, 1628.

[7] Robert Clavell (d. 1711), bookseller, of London; published pamphlet against the Dutch, 1665; issued catalogues of current literature, 1668-1700.

[8] John Graham of Claverhouse (1649?-1689).

[9] Sir John Clavering (1722–1777), opponent of Warren Hastings; entered the Coldstream guards; brigadier-general in attack on Guadeloupe, 1759; titular colonel, 1759; military attache in Hesse-Cassel, 1760-3; lieutenantgeneral, 1770; given command of the Bengal army, 1774; opposed Warren Hastings in the council of Bengal; K.B., 1776; tried to hold Hastings to his resignation, 1777.

[10] Robert Clavering (1671–1747), bishop of Peterborough; educated at Edinburgh, and Lincoln College, Oxford; M.A., 1696; fellow and tutor of Univorsity College, Oxford, 1701; dean and rector of Booking, Iflnior. 1714-19; D.D., canon of Christ Church, and professor of Hebrew, Oxford, 1715; bishop of Llandaff, 1725; translated to Peterborough, 1729; published translations from the Hebrew, sermons, and charges.

[11] Laurence Claxton or Clarkson (1615-1667), sectary; presbyterian, subsequently an antinomian; intruded rector of Pulham, Norfolk; joi tists, 1644; imprisoned at Bury St. Edmuiiu joined theBeckers; intruded vicar of Sandridge, Hertfordshire, c. 1646, and of a Lincolnshire church, 1047; his Single Eye all Light burnt, by order of the Commons, 1650; intruded incumbent of churches in Norfolk, c. 1658; joined the Muggletonians, 1658; prisoner for debt, 1666; published sectarian tracts, 1646-60.

[12] Marshall Claxton (1813–1881), historical painter; art student in London, 1831; exhibited. 1832; visited Rome, 1837; returned to England before 1843; exhibited pictures in Australia, 1850, and India; visited Egypt; returned to London, 1858.

[13] Alfred Borron Clay (1831–1868), historical painter; second son of John Clay; art student in London, 1852; exhibited, 1854-68.

[14] Charles Clay (1801–1893), ovariotomist; apprenticed as surgeon in Manchester; studied at Edinburgh University; L.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1823; extra L.R.C.P. London, 1842; practised in Manchester, where he was at one time senior medical officer and lecturer on midwifery at St. Mary's Hospital; placed the operation ovariotomy on a sure foundation; published Cornp Handbook of Obstetric Surgery 1856, and other surgical works, besides treatises relating to geology and numismatics.

[15] Frederick Clay (1839–1889), musician; born in Paris; son of James Clay; private secretary to Henry Bouverie William Brand (afterwards Viscount Hampden); produced two operettas which met with success; collaborated with Tom Taylor in Court and Cottage 1862; formed friendship with Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan; subsequently produced, with Mr. W. S. Gilbert, Mr. G. R. Sims, and other librettists, several operettas; set, 1877, libretto constructed by W. G. Wills, from Lalla Rookh which contains his most successful piece, I'll sing thee songs of Araby and the quartette, Morn wanes, we must away.

[16] James Clay (1805–1873), author of ' A Treatise on ... Whist' l864; son of a London merchant; educated at Winchester; travelled in the East, 1830; M.P. for Hull, 1847-73.

[17] John Clay (1796–1858), chaplain of Preston gaol (1823-58); merchant's clerk in Liverpool; ordained, 1821; B.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1835; published reports on prison management, sermons, and other works.

[18] John Granby Clay (1766–1846), general; ensign, 1782; lieutenant, 1788; served in the West Indies, 17861794; major, 1795; at home statiqns, 1795-1800; in the Egyptian campaign, 1801; lieutenant-colonel, 1804; stationed at Manchester, where he suppressed the riots of 1808 and 1812; major-general, 1813; general, 1841.

[19] Sir William Clay (1791–1869), politician; merchant in London; M.P. for Tower Hamlets, 1832-57; created baronet, 1841; published political pamphlets, 1834-56.

[20] William Keatinge Clay (1797–1867), antiquary; ordained, 1823; B.D. Cambridge, 1836; minor canon of Ely, 1837; vicar of Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, 1864-67; wrote on the prayer book; edited liturgical works; published histories of four Cambridgeshire parishes.

[21] John Claymond (1457?–1537), divine; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1483; fellow, 1488; president, 1504-17; D.D., 1510; vicar of Norton, Durham, 1498-1518, with much other preferment; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1505-24; president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1517-37; wrote notes on classical authors; benefactor of Brasenose, Magdalen, and Corpus Christi colleges.

[22] Elizabeth Claypoole or Claypole (1629-1658), second daughter of Oliver Cromwell; married, 1646, John Claypoole; said to have interceded for royalist prisoners; buried in Westminster Abbey.

[23] John Claypoole or Claypole (d. 1688), parliamentarian; in arms for the parliament, 1645; married Elizabeth, Cromwell's second daughter see Elizabeth Claypoole; raised a troop of horse, 1651; master of horse to the Protector: M.P., 1654, 1656; one of Cromwell's peers, 1657; imprisoned as a suspect, 1678.

[24] Charlotte Clayton , Lady Sundon (d. 1742), woman of the bedchamber to Queen Caroline; daughter of John !yve: married William Clnyton, afterwards Baron Sundon in the Irish peerage; became bedchamber woman to Queen Caroline when Princess of Wales in 1714; obtained great influence over her, and controlled court patronage.

[25] Johnn Clayton (1693-1773), botanist; went to Virginia, 1705; secretary of Gloucester County, Virginia; aent scientific papers to the Royal Society, 1739; collected American plants for European botanists.

[26] John Clayton (1709–1773), divine; educated at Manchester school and Brasenose College, Oxford; M.A., 17::; joined the Oxford Methodists c. 1728; curate at Balford, 17:;{: tunirht school there; one of the chaplains of Manchester Collegiate Church, 1740, and fellow, 1760; publicly acknowledged the Young Pretender, 1745; published tract on poor relief, and sermons; edited Anacreontica 1754.

[27] John Clayton (1728–1800), painter of still-life ; surgeon's apprentice; exhibited, 1761-78; his studio accidentally burnt, 1769.

[28] John Clayton (1754–1843), congregationalist; apothecary's apprentice in Manchester; educated at Trevecca College; preacher in the Countess of Huntingdon's chapel, Tunbridge Wells; failed to obtain ordination, 1777; presbyterian minister at West Looe, Cornwall; pastor of Weighhouse Chapel, London, 1778-1826; published devotional treatises.

[29] John Clayton (d. 1861), architect; much employed at Hereford; settled in London, 1839; exhibited architectural drawings, 1839-56; published works on architecture, 1846-56.

[30] John Clayton (1780–1865), congregationalist; son of John Clayton (1754-1843); pastor of the Poultry Chapel, London; published sermons.

[31] John Clayton (1843–1888), actor; real name John Alfred Calthrop; educated at Merchant Taylors' School; joined Miss Herbert's company at St. James's, 1866, playing Hastings in She stoops to Conquer; subsequently appeared at many London theatres; joint manager of Court Theatre, 1881-7, during which period he appeared in comic plays by Mr. Pinero and other writers.

[32] Nicholas Clayton (1733?–1797), presbyterian divine; educated at Glasgow; pastor at Boston, Lincolnshire, 1769-63, and in Liverpool, 1763-81: divinity tutor at Warrington academy, 1781-3; D.D. Edinburgh, 1782; pastor in Nottingham, 1785-95.

[33] Richard Clayton (d. 1612), dean of Peterborough; entered St. John's College, Cambridge, 1572; B.A. Oxford, 1576: fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1577; M.A., 1579: D.D., 1592; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 159:}; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1596; master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1595; built the second court there; canon, 1596, and dean, 1607, of Peterborough.

[34] Sir Richard Clayton (d. 1828), translator; inherited Adlington, Lancashire, 1770; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1771; created baronet, 1774; recorder of Wigan, 1815; consul at Nantes; published essays and translations, 1790-1817.

[35] Sir Robert Clayton or Cleton (1629–1707), politician; a London scrivener: bought Bletchingley, Surrey, 1677; alderman of London, 1670-88: sheriff and knighted, 1671; lord mayor, 1679-80; M.P., London, 16791681; advocated the Exclusion Bill: one of the committee to defend the city charter, 1682; M.P., 1689-1707; benefactor of St. Thomas's Hospital and Christ's Hospital.

[36] Robert Clayton (1695–1758), Irish bishop; born in Dublin; educated at Westminster School; B.A. and fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1714; LL.D., 1722; D.D., 1730; travelled; inherited estates in Lancashire, 1728; bishop of Killala and Achonry, 1730; bishop of Cork and Ross, 1755; bishop of Clogher, 1745; denied the archbishopric of Tuam, Ixnntf accused of Arianism, 1752; threatened with prosecution for heresy, 1757; published sermons and theological works, 173K-57.

[37] Thomas Clayton (fl. 1706), composer; a member of William III's band, 1692-1702; travelled in Italy, 1702-4; introduced Italian opera at Drury Lane, 1706-fl, succeeding with Arsinoe 1705, but failing with Rosamond 1707.

[38] Sir Anthony Cleasby (1804–1879), judge; at Eton, 1820-3: fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1828; M.A., 1830; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1831; gained lucrative commercial practice; unsuccessful as candidate for parliament, 1862-67: baron of the exchequer, 1868-78; knighted, 1868; unsuccessful on the bench.

[39] Richard Cleasby (1797–1847), philologist: broker's clerk in London; studied in Italy and Germany from 1824, becoming a master of CJerman dialects; visited Denmark and Sweden, 1834 and 1839-40; began an * Icelandic-English Dictionary (published by Gudbrand Vigfusson, 1873).

[40] Euseby Cleaver (1746–1819), archbishop of Dublin; educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1770: D.D., 1783; rector of Spofforth, Yorkshire, 1774-83; rector of Tillington and Petworth, Sussex, 1783; prebendary of Chicheater, 1787; chaplain to the lord lieutenant'of Ireland, 1787: bishop of Cork, 1789, and of Ferns, 1789; archbishop of Dublin, 1809; became imbecile,

[41] William Cleaver (1742–1815), bishop of St. Asaph; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1761; fellow of Brasenose College; M.A., 1764; principal of Braseuose, 1785-1809; prebendary of Westminster, 1784; bishop of Chester, 1787, of Bangor, 1800, and of St. Asaph, 1806; mostly non-resident; published some classical texts; chiefly remembered by De Quincey's encomiums.

[42] Bourchier Cleeve (1715–1760), writer on finance; a London pewterer; bought Foots Cray Place, Kent, c. 1755; published scheme for reducing the national ! debt, 1756.

[43] James Clegg (1679–1755), presbyterian minister; M.D.; minister and physician at Malcalf, 1702, and, ! 1711-55. at Chinley; published sermons, 1721-36.

[44] John Clegg (1714?–1746), violinist; born in ; Ireland: trained in Italy; a professional of repute in London, 1723-44; confined in Bedlam, 1744-6.

[45] Samuel Clegg, the younger (1814–1856), engineer; son of Samuel Clegg (1781-1861); surveyor in Portugal, 1836; railway engineer; professor of engineering at Putney, and at Chatham, 1849-56; published treatise on coal-gas, 1850.

[46] Samuel Clegg, the elder (1781–1861), gas engineer; educated in Manchester; apprentice to Boulton & Watt, engineers, Soho: a pioneer of gas-lighting in Yorkshire, and (1813) London; invented the water gas-meter; gas engineer at Lisbon.

[47] George Cleghorn (1716–1789), physician; educated at Edinburgh; army surgeon at Minorca, 1736-49: M.D.; published observations on diseases epidemic in Minorca, 1751; lecturer and professor of anatomy in Dublin, 1751-89.

[48] James Cleghorn (1778–1838), actuary; farmer, and, in 1811, journalist in Edinburgh; became an accountant of repute.

[49] Francis Clein or Cleyn (1590?-1658), draughtsman; born at Rostock, Germany; patronised by Christian IV of Denmark: studied in Italy; engaged by James I as designer for the Mortlake tapestry works, 1623; pensioned by Charles I, 1625; book-illustrator, 1637-50.

[50] James Cleland (1770–1840), statistician; a Glasgow cabinet-maker: superintendent of public works, London, 1814; took the census of Glasgow, 1819, 1821, 1831; published histories of Glasgow, 1816-36.

[51] John Cleland (1709–1789), novelist; entered Westminster School, 1722; consul at Smyrna; East India Company's servant at Bombay, 1736; wandered over Europe; published his first novel, Fanny Hill 1760; pensioned; journalist in London, 1757; published novels and dramatic pieces.

[52] William Cleland (1661?–1689), covenanter; educated at St. Andrews, 1676; fought at Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge, 1679; took part in Argyll's invasion, 1686; escaped to Holland; returned to Scotland to agitate for the Prince of Orange, 1688; killed in action at Dunkeld; his poems posthumously published, 1697.

[53] William Cleland (1674?–1741). friend of Pope; student at Utrecht; served in Spain, 1705; commissioner of customs in Scotland; commissioner of taxes in England, 1723.

[54] Clement Scotus I (fl. 745), bishop among the Franks; probably a native of Ireland; resisted the Romanising policy of Archbishop Boniface of Mentz; deposed and imprisoned by Boniface as married and a heretic, 744; sentence confirmed, 746.

[55] Clement Scotus II (ft. 820), grammarian; left Ireland for France, c. 772: taught at Charles the Great's court; died probably at Würzburg; reputed author of two Latin grammatical tracts; often confused with Clemens Scotus I, and with Claudius (d. 839?), wrongly called Clemens Claudius, bishop of Turin, a Spaniard.

[56] Clement of Llanthony (d. 1190?), known also as Clement of Gloucester, theological writer ; canon, sub-prior, and prior of Llanthony, where he was educated. His works include Concordia Quatuor Evangelistarum extant in several manuscripts, and other commentaries.

[57] Caesar Clement (d. 1626), Roman catholic divine; educated at Douay, Rheims, and Rome; priest, 1585; D.D.; dean of St. Gudule's, Brussels.

[58] Gregory Clement (d. 1660), regicide Spanish merchant in London; M.P., Camelford, 1647-52; sat in the high court of justice and signed Charles I's death warrant; executed.

[59] John Clement or Clements (d. 1572), physician; educated at St. Paul's School; tutor in Sir Thomas More's family; M.D.; Cardinal Wolsey's lecturer in rhetoric, Oxford, c. 1519; subsequently reader in Greek; president of the College of Physicians, London, 1544; a strong Romanist; withdrew to Louvain, 1547; practised medicine in Essex, 1554-9; withdrew to Mechlin, 1569.

[60] Margaret Clement or Clements (1508-1570), nee Giggs; kinswoman of Sir Thomas More; married John Clement, c. 1530; died at Mechlin.

[61] William Innell Clement (d. 1852), part proprietor of the Observer c. 1814; proprietor of the Morning Chronicle 1821-34, and of Bell's Life.

[62] Michael Clements (d. 1796?), naval officer; as lieutenant, distinguished himself in action, 1767; commanded frigate, 1757; took part in capture of Thurot's squadron at Belfast, 1760; served in the Mediterranean, 1760-3 and 1770; defended Admiral Keppel, 1778, and was shamefully neglected by the admiralty in consequence; retired, 1787; titular rear-admiral.

[63] Andrew Clench (d. 1692), physician : M.D.Cambridge, 1671; fellow of the College of Physicians, London, 1680; murdered, 1692.

[64] John Clench (d. 1607), judge ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1668; baron of the exchequer, 1681; justice of the queen's bench, 1584-1603.

[65] Luke Clennell (1781–1840), wood engraver and painter; trained by Thomas Bewick, 1797-1804; wood engraver in London, 1804-10; exhibited watercolour paintings, 1812-18; was insane from 1817 till death.

[66] Maurice Clenocke or Clynog (fl.–1580?), divine; a Welshman; B.C.L. Oxford, 1548; chaplain to Cardinal Pole; a pluralist; nominated by Queen Mary to the see of Bangor, 1558; withdrew to Rome, 1560; officer of the hospital for English pilgrims, 1567; rector of the English college, 1578-9: drowned at sea.

[67] John Clephane (d. 1758), physician ; M.D. St. Andrews, 1729; army physician; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1761,

[68] Charles Louis Clérisseau (1721–1820), architectural draughtsman; born in Paris; long resident in Rome, sketching ancient buildings; exhibited in London, 1772-90, and in Paris, 1773-1808; invited to Pt. burg, 1783; died near Paris.

[69] Sir George Clerk (1787–1867), statesman : of Penicuik: succeeded as sixth baronet, 1798; educated at Edinburgh and, 1806. Trinity College, Oxford; advocate at Scottish bar, 1809; D.C.L. Oxford, 1810; M.P., 1811-62; lord of the admiralty, 1819-27; under-secretary for home affairs, 1830; master of the mint, 1845-6.

[70] Sir George Russell Clerk (1800–1889), Indian civilian; educated at Haileybury College; writer in East India Company's service, 1817, and subsequently held successively several subordinate positions; political agent at Ambala, 1831; British envoy at Lahore; governor of Bombay, 1846-8 and 1860-2; K.C.B., 1848; permanent under-secretary to India board, 1856, and secretary, 1867; permanent under-secretary of state for India, 1858; member of Indian council, 1863; G.C.S.I., 1866.

[71] John Clerk (d. 1541), bishop of Bath and Wells : M.A. Cambridge, 1502; LL.D. Bologna; rector of Hothfield, Kent, 1508, with other benefices; dean of Windsor, 1519; chaplain and agent of Wolsey: envoy to Rome, 1521; master of the rolls, 1522-3: bishop of Bath and Wells, 1523; tried to obtain the papacy for Wolsey, 1523; envoy to France, 1526, and to Rome, 1527; assented to Henry VIII's divorce, 1529; envoy to Cleves, 1540.

[72] John Clerk (d. 1552), Roman catholic writer; educated at Oxford: visited France and Italy; secretary to Thomas, duke of Norfolk; committed suicide in the Tower; published translations and theological pieces.

[73] Sir John Clerk (1684-1755), of Penicuik; antiquary; advocate; M.P. in Scottish parliament, 1702-7; a commissioner for the union, 1707: judge of the exchequer court in Scotland, 1708-55; succeeded as second baronet, 1722: patron of Allan Ramsay; collected antiquities; wrote antiquarian tracts.

[74] John Clerk (1728-1812), naval writer; of Eldin; younger son of Sir John Clerk; successful merchant in Edinburgh; practised drawing and etching, 1770; bought Eldin, near Edinburgh, c. 1773; wrote an Essay on Naval Tactics privately printed, 1782, published, 1790, and enlarged, 1797.

[75] John Clerk, Lord Eldin (1757–1832), Scottish judge; eldest son of John Clerk (1728-1812); apprentice to a writer to the signet; accountant; advocate, 1785; lord of session, 1823-8; failed as a judge.

[76] Josiah Clerk (1639–1714), physician; entered Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1656; M.D., 1666; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1675; president, 1708.

[77] Matthew Clerk (1659–1735), Irish presbyterian; served in siege of Derry, 1689; minister of Kilrea, co. Derry, 1697-1729; wrote against non-subscription to the Westminster Confession, 1721; minister and schoolmaster at Londonderry, New Hampshire, 1729.

[78] William Clerk (d. 1665), civilian ; LL.D. Cambridge, 1629; practised at Doctors Commons, 1629; a judge of the admiralty, 1651; published a law pamphlet, 1631.

[79] Sir George Clerk-Maxwell (1715–1784), of Penicuik; second son of Sir John Clerk; educated at Edinburgh and Leyden; assumed the name Clerk-Maxwell on marrying the heiress of Middlebie, Dumfriesshire; succeeded to baronetcy and Penicuik estate, 1782; wrote on farming.

[80] James Clerk-Maxwell (1831–1879), first professor of experimental physics at Cambridge; contributed papers to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, on curves, 1846 and 1849, and on the equilibrium of elastic solids, 1850; left Edinburgh for Cambridge: fellow of Trinity College, 1865; professor of natural philosophy at Aberdeen, 1856-80, and at King's College, London, 1860-6; elected without opposition to the new chair of experimental physics at Cambridge, 1871; his essay on 'Saturn's Rings' gained the Adams prize, 1857; and his studies on the kinetic theory of gases are described in many papers, but his theories are not altogether accepted now; investigated the theory of colours in relation to colour-blindness, on which he read a paper before the Royal Society, 1860, and gained the Rumford medal. His best-known researches, dealing with electricity and magnetism, commenced 1856; and the theories he formulated in his treatise, 1873, daily gain more and more acceptance; foremost physicists are engaged in developing his ideas; he also turned his attention to electrical measurements and the velocity of propagation of electro-magnetic waves. He founded a scholarship in experimental physics at Cambridge.

[81] Bartholomew Clerke (1537?–1590), civilian; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1557: M.A., 1562; studied at Paris; proctor at Cambridge, 1564 and 1569; LL.D.; M.P. for Bramber, 1571; secretary to Thomas Sackville, lord Buckhurst, 1571; dean of arches, 1573; archdeacon of Wells, 1582; employed in the Low Countries, 1585-7; published a reply to Nicholas Sanders, 1573, and other works.

[82] Charles Clerke (1741–1779), circumnavigator; entered the navy, c. 1755; sailed round the world with John Byron, 1764-6; alleged that the Patagonians were eight feet high; master's mate in James Cook's voyage, 1768-71; lieutenant in Cook's second voyage, 1772-5; commanded ship in Cook's third voyage, 1776.

[83] Francis Clerke or Clarke (fl. 1594), civilian; practised at Doctors Commons, 1559; B.C.L. Oxford, 1594; wrote Latin manuals of the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts.

[84] Gilbert Clerke (1626–1697?), mathematician; entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1641; fellow, 1648-55; presbyterian minister, 1651; lived in retirement; published Latin mathematical and theological treatises, 1660-95.

[85] Henry Clerke (d. 1687), physician; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford: fellow, 1642-67; M.A., 1644; M.D., 1652; president, 1672-87.

[86] Richard Clerke (d. 1634), divine; D.D. Christ's College, Cambridge; vicar of Minster, Thanet, 1597; one of the six preachers at Canterbury, 1602; one of the translators of the Old Testament; his sermons published, 1637.

[87] Thomas Henry Shadwell Clerke (1792-1849), military journalist; ensign, 1808; disabled by wounds for field service, 1811; major, 1830; editor of Coulburn's United Service Magazine 1829-42.

[88] William Clerke (fl. 1595), reputed author of The Triall of Bastardie 1594, and Polimanteia 1595; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1575; fellow, 1579; M.A., 1582.

[89] Sir William Henry Clerke (1751–1818), baronet; of Christ Church, Oxford, 1769; B.C.L. All SoulsCollege, 1778; succeeded as eighth baronet, 1778; rector of Bury, Lancashire, 1778; imprisoned for debt; published sermons and pamphlets.

[90] Michael Clery (1575–1643). See Michael O'Clery

[91] Cleveland first Duke of, second creation. See William Harry Vane–1766–1842.

[92] Duchess of Cleveland (1641–1709). See Barbara Villiers.

[93] Earl of Cleveland (1591–1667). See Thomas Wentworth.

[94] Augustus Cleveland (1755–1784), magistrate of Boglipoor, Bengal.

[95] John Cleveland (1613–1658), cavalier poet; entered Christ's College, Cambridge, 1627; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1634-45; M.A., 1635: tutor; opposed Cromwell's election as M.P. for Cambridge borough, 1640; ejected as a royalist, 1645; his verses famous in royalist circles; judge-advocate at Newark, 1645-6; imprisoned at Yarmouth, 1655; released by Cromwell; published Poems 1656; his works re-edited, 1677, as Clievelandl Vindiciac

[96] John Cleveley (1747–1786), marine painter in oiland water-colours; twin-brother of Robert Cleveley; exhibited, as John Cleveley, junior, chiefly views on the Thames, 1767-82; draughtsman in Sir Joseph Banks's voyage to the Hebrides, 1772, and Captain Phipps's to the north seas, 1774.

[97] Robert Cleveley (1747–1809), marine painter in oil- and water-colours; twin-brother of John Cleveley ; exhibited, 1780-95.

[98] Samuel Cleverley (d. 1824), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1797: went to study on the continent; prisoner in France, 1803-14; practitioner in London, 1815-24.

[99] Anne Op Cleves (1515–1557). See Anne.

[100] Francis Cleyn (1590?–1658). See Clein.

[101] Robert de Cliderhou (d. 1339?), justiciar; of Bayley, near Clitheroe, Lancashire; a clerk of chancery under Edward I and Edward II; justice Itinerant for Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, 1311; king's escheator, north of Trent, 1316 ?-18; parson of Wigan from before 1321 till death; fined for supporting Lancaster, 1323: built chapel at Bayley, 1331.

[102] Henry de Cliff (d. 1334), judge ; a master In chancery before 1317; auditor of petitions, 1320; canon of York, 1324; master of the rolls, 1325-34.

[103] Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery (1590-1676), heiress of George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland; Involved in lawsuits over the estates; educated by Samuel Daniel, the poet; married, firstly, February 1609, Richard Sackville, lord Buckhurst (earl of Dorset, 1609); claimed the barony of Clifford, 1628; married, secondly, 1630, Philip Herbert, earl of Pembroke and Montgomery (d. 1660); lived unhappily with both husbands; inherited the Clifford estates, 1643; passionately fond of building; wrote an autobiography,

[104] Arthur Clifford (1778–1830), antiquary; at Stonyhurst College, 1795; published letters of Sir Ralph Sadler, 1809, Tixall Poetry 1813, and Tixall Letters 1815; published also a history of the Cliffords, a history of Tixall parish, and educational pamphlets.

[105] Sir Augustus William James Clifford (1788-1877), usher of the black rod (1832-77); educated at Harrow; entered the navy, 1800; served in West Indies, 1803, and Mediterranean, 1807-12; captain, 1812; rear-admiral,;1848; admiral of the red, 1864; M.P. for Irish constituencies, 1818-32; knighted, 1830; created baronet, 1838.

[106] Sir Conyers Clifford (d. 1599), military commander; of Bobbing Court, Kent; knighted, 1591; -M.P. for Pembroke, 1593; hon. M.A. Cambridge, 1595; sergeant-major in the Cadiz expedition, 1596; president of Connaught, 1597; killed in battle with the Irish.

[107] George Clifford , third Earl of Cumberland (1558-1606), naval commander; eldest son of Henry de Clifford, second earl of Cumberland; succeeded as third earl, 1570; ward of Francis Russell, second earl of Bedford; at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1571-4; M.A., 1576; a gambler; wasted his estates; commanded a queen's ship against the Armada, 1588; a favourite at Elizabeth's court; fitted out ten privateering expeditions, mostly failures, against Spain and Spanish America, 1586-98, sailing personally with those of 1589, 1591, 1593, and 1598.

[108] Henry de Clifford, fourteenth Baron Clifford and tenth Baron of Westmoreland, first Baron Vesci (1456?–1523), celebrated in Wordsworth's 'Brougham Castle and White Doe of Rylstone; eldest son of John de Clifford, thirteenth baron, who was attainted and his estates forfeited, 1461; brought up as a shepherd; restored to titles and estates, 1485; summoned to parliament, 1486-97; received the submission of the I Yorkshire rebels, 1486; fought at Flodden, 1613; studied astrology.

[109] Henry de Clifford, first Earl of Cumberland, fifteenth Baron Clifford, eleventh Baron of Westmoreland, and second Baron Vesci (1493–1542), eldest son of Henry de Clifford, fourteenth baron: page to Henry VIII: styled Sir Harry Clifford: sheriff of Yorkshire, 1522; led his father's forces against the Scots, 1522; succeeded to the barony, 1523; in constant service against the Scots and often warden of the marches, 1523-34: created Earl of Cumberland, 1625; accepted Henry VIII's divorce, 1529: besieged in Skipton Castle by the northern insurgents, 1536; rewarded with church lands.

[110] Henry de Clifford , second Earl of Cumberland, sixteenth Baron Clifford, twelfth Baron of Westmoreland and third BARON VESCI (d. 1570), eldest son of Henry de Clifford, first earl; styled Lord Clifford; succeeded to title and estates, 1542: withdrew from court, 1547; favoured Mary Queen of Scots, 1569; alchemist.

[111] Henry Clifford, fifth Earl of Cumberland (1591-1643), entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1607; B.A., 1609; K.B., 1610; summoned to the peers as Baron Clifford, 1628-9; lord lieutenant of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmoreland, 1636-9; raised troops for Charles I's Scottish wars, 1639-40; succeeded to earldom, 1641; commanded royalist forces in Yorkshire, 1G42: besieged in York, 1642; wrote verses.

[112] Henry Clifford (1768–1813), legal writer; of a Roman catholic family of Tixall, Staffordshire; educated at Liege; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1792; published pamphlets, 1790-1810.

[113] Sir Henry Hugh Clifford (1826–1883), majorgeneral; third son of Hugh Charles Clifford, seventh baron Clifford; entered the army, 1846; served in South Africa, 1847 and 1862-3; served in the Crimea. 1854-6; V.O.; brevet major; served in China, 1857-8; brevet colonel; staff officer at home station?, 1860-75; majorgeneral, 1869; controlled lines of communication in Zulu war, 1879; K.C.M.G., 1879.

[114] Hugh Charles Clifford , seventh Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1790–1858), educated at Stonyhurst; served in the Peninsula; succeeded to barony, 1831; lived chiefly in Italy; died at Rome; published political pamphlets.

[115] James Clifford (1622–1698), musician ; sou of an Oxford cook; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1632-42; minor canon of St. Paul's, London, 1661: sacrist, 1682; published Divine Services and Anthems 1663, and sermons.

[116] John de Clifford , thirteenth Baron Clifford, ninth Baron of Westmoreland (1435 ?-1461), son of Thomas de Clifford, twelfth baron; led troops to London to demand compensation for his father's death, 1458; reconciled to the Yorkist lords and attainted with them, 1459; summoned to parliament, 1460; fought against Yorkists at Wakefield, 1460; nicknamed the Butcher for his cruelty; fell at Ferrybridge; attainted by the Yorkists. 1461.

[117] Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland (1660?–1616), youngest daughter of Francis Russell, earl of Bedford; married, 1577, George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland; separated from her husband; engaged in lawsuits to secure her daughter's estates, 1605 .

[118] Martin Clifford (c.1624–1677), headmaster, freethinker and poet; author of 'A Treatise of Humane Reason' 1674; educated at Westminster and Cambridge (Trinity College); Court wit, 1660s; wrote anonymously against Dryden; master of the Charterhouse, 1671.

[119] Richard Clifford (d. 1421), bishop of London; canon of St. Stephen's, Westminster, 1385: imprisoned as a favourite of Richard II, 1388; guardian of the privy seal, 1388-1400; pluralist; dean of York, 1398; nominated by the pope to the see of Bath and Wells, 1401: bishop of Worcester, August, 1401; translated to London, 1407; presided at the trials for heresy of Sir John Oldcastle, 1413, and of John Clayton, 1415; attended the council of Constance, 1416-17; obtained the papacy for Martin V, 1417.

[120] Robert de Clifford , fifth Baron Clifford, first Baron of Westmoreland (1273-1314), succeeded to the Clifford estates, 1285, and to Brougham Castle and half the Vipont estates in Westmoreland, c. 1 -j-.il y; justice of forests north of Trent, 1297-1305; warden of the marches and governor of Carlisle, 1297; constantly fiihting iigainst the Scots from 1297; summoned to parliament. 1299-1313: took Caerlnverock Castle, 1300; granted part of Robert Bruce's English estates, 1306; granted Skipton Castle, 1310: a favourite of Edward II; joined baronial party, 1311; made his peace with Edward II, 1313; failed to relieve Stirling Castle, 23 June 1314; slain next day at Bannockbnrn.

[121] Roger de Clifford (d. 1285?). soldier and judge; succeeded to his patrimony, as a minor, c. 1231: attended Henry III to France, 1259; sided with De Montfort, 1262-4; aided Henry III at the siege of Nottingham, 1264; justice of the forests south of Trent; fought for Henry III at Lewes and in the Welsh marches, 1264, and at Evesham, 1265; granted estates in Warwickshire and Leicestershire; attended Prince Edward on the crusade, 1270-4; commissioner in Wales, 1274; envoy to France, 1275; justice in Wales, 1279; taken prisoner by the Welsh insurgents, 1282.

[122] Roger de Clifford , ninth Lord Clifford, fifth Baron of Westmoreland (1333-1389), served in Flanders, 1345, and against the Spanish fleet, 1350; succeeded his brother in the estates, c. 1352; summoned to parliament, 1356-88; served in Gascony, 1355, 1369-60, in Ireland, 1361, 1368, in France, 1373, and in Brittany, 1388; frequently warden of the west marches, fighting against Scots, 1370-88; governor of Carlisle, 1377.

[123] Rosamond Clifford (Fair Rosamond) (d. 1176 ?), daughter of Walter de Clifford; probably acknowledged as mistress of Henry II, 1174; buried in the choir of Godstow Abbey; her remains removed to the chapter-house, c. 1191; her story already famous, 1274.

[124] Thomas de Clifford, tenth Baron Clifford, sixth Baron of Westmoreland (d. 1391 ?), eldest son of Roger de Clifford, ninth baron; in attendance on Richard II, 1385; governor of Carlisle and warden of the marches, 1386; banished from court by the baronial party, 1388; succeeded to barony, 1390; summoned to "parliament, 1390-1: slain in Germany.

[125] Thomas de Clifford, twelfth Baron Clifford, eighth Baron of Westmoreland (1414-1455), succeeded to barony, 1422; attended Bedford in France, 1436; raised troops against the Scots, 1435; summoned to parliament, 1436; called on for aid in the relief of Calais, 1452 and 1454; slain at St. Albans.

[126] Thomas Clifford , first Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1630–1673), of Ugbrooke, Devonshire ; a concealed Romanist entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1647, and the Middle Temple, 1648; travelled; M.P., Totnes, 1660-72; joined court party, 1663; a commissioner for the care of the sick and wounded, 1664; a trustee for the Duke of Monmouth, 1665; knighted; a confidant of i Arlington: envoy to Denmark, 1665; served at sea, 1665-6; comptroller (1666), and treasurer (1668) of the household; cognisant of Charles II's wishes to establish i Roman Catholicism in England, 1669; intrigued in France i against the triple alliance, 1669; privy to secret clauses j of treaty of Dover, December 1670: granted estates by Charles II, 1671: acting secretary of state, 1672; advised I the suspension of exchequer payments, and the Declaration i of Indulgence, 1672; created Baron Clifford, 1672; lord I high treasurer, 1672; resigned under the Test Act, 1673.

[127] Walter de Clifford (rf. 1190?), inherited estates in Herefordshire and other counties; obtained barony of Clifford before 1138, through his mother or by marriage; owned estates in Shropshire; fought with the Welsh, 1167-64.

[128] William Clifford (d. 1670), divine: pretender to the barony of Clifford; educated at Douay; missioner in England; rector of the English college, Lisbon: superior of Tournay College, Paris; published devotional tracts.

[129] William Kingdon Clifford (1846–1879), mathematician and metaphysician; educated at King's College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge; second wnnrlor; irllow, 1HC8; professor of applied mathematics, University College, Ixndon, 1H71; wrote philosophical treatises, conceiving of consciousness as being built up out of simple elements of mind-stuff: K.K.S., 1*74: attacked by consumption, 187G; died at Madeira; his mathematical works published, 1879-85.

[130] William Clift (1775–1849), naturalist; early showed talent for drawing; secretary to John Hunter the physician, 1792-3; caretaker of Hunter's collections, 1793-1844; F.R.S., 1823; osteologist and medicul draughtsman; contributed to scientific journals.

[131] Francis Clifton (d. 1736), physician; M.D. Leyden, 1724; practitioner in London; withdrew to Jaiimica, 1734; published medical tracts, 1724-34.

[132] John Clifton C. (1781–1841), composer of songs and glees; clerk in the stationery office: professional musician at Bath, and, 1802, at Dublin; music master in London, 1818; died insane.

[133] Richard Clifton (d. 1616), puritan; possibly vicar of Marnham, 1585, and rector of Babworth, Nottingham-hire, 1586; Brownist minister at Scrooby; minister at Amsterdam, 1610; wrote controversial tracts, 1610-12.

[134] Robert Cox Clifton (1810–1861), divine; B.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1831; fellow, 1838; chaplain to Manchester Collegiate Church, 1837, and fellow, 1843; rector of Somerton, Oxfordshire, 1843-61; canon of Manchester, 1840.

[135] Henry Cline (1760–1827), surgeon; trained in London; practised from 1774; lecturer on anatomy to St. Thomas's Hospital, 1781-1811, and surgeon, 1784-1811; a strong whig.

[136] Alfred Clint (1807–1883), etcher and marine painter; son of George Clint; exhibited, 1828-79, at first portraits, afterwards coast views.

[137] George Clint (1770–1854), portrait painter and engraver; a house-painter; miniature painter, c. 1808; much employed on theatrical portraits; mezzotint engraver,

[138] Scipio Clint (1805–1839), medallist and sealengraver; son of George Clint; first exhibited, 1825.

[139] Charles Clinton (1690–1773), American colonist, of co. Longford; emigrated, 1729; settled as a farmer in New York State, 1731; colonel of militia; commanded regiment against Canada, 1758.

[140] Charles John Fynes Clinton (1799–1872), divine; educated at Westminster and Oriel College, Oxford; B.A., 1821; rector of Cromwell, Nottinghamshire, 1828; published sermons.

[141] Edward Fiennes de Clinton, ninth Baron Clinton and Saye, and first Earl of Lincoln (1512-1585), lord high admiral; a royal ward, 1517; in attendance on Henry VIII, 1532; married, 1534, Elizabeth Blount, Henry VIII's mistress; summoned to parliament, 1636; served in the fleet against the Scots and French, 1544-7; governor of Boulogne, 1547; lord high admiral, 1550-4 and 1558-85; governor of the Tower, 1553-4; abandoned Lady Jane Grey and made his peace with Mary, 1564; held command in expedition to support Spaniards at St. Quentin, 1557; commanded the fleet against France, 1558; in attendance on Elizabeth, 1564; joint-commander against the northern rebels, 1569; commanded in North Sea, 1570; created Earl of Lincoln, 1672; envoy to France, 1572.

[142] Geoffrey de Clinton (fl. 1130), chamberlain and treasurer to Henry I; in attendance on Henry I before 1123; founded Kenilworth Prior, 1126; accused of treason, 1130.

[143] Sir Henry Clinton , the elder (1738?-1795), general; born in Newfoundland, of which his father was governor; captain of the New York militia; lieutenant, Ooldstream guards, 1751; lieutenant-colonel: served in Germany, 1760-3; major-general, 1772; M.P., 1773-84; fought at Bunker's Hill, 1776; second in command in America, 1776; K.B., 1777; commander-in-chief, 1778; took Charleston, 1780; quarrelled with his second in command, Lord Cornwallis; resigned, 1781; M.P., 1790: vrenenil, 17J3; governor of Gibraltar, 1794: died at Gibraltar.

[144] Sir Henry Clinton , the younger (1771–1829), general; younger son of Sir Henry Clinton the elder ; ensign, 1787; served in Holland, 1788-9; captain, 1791; aide-de-camp to the Duke of York, 1793; lieutenant-colonel, 1795; prisoner in France, 1796-7; military attache with the Russian army in Italy, 1799; adjutant-general in India, 1802-5; military attache with the Russian army at Austerlitz, 1806; commandant at Syracuse, 1806-7; M.P., 1808-18; adjutant-general in Sir John Moore's campaign, 1808-9; major-general, 1810: commanded sixth division in Peninsula, 1811-14; K.B., 1813; lieutenant-general, 1814; at Waterloo, 1815.

[145] Henry Fiennes Clinton , ninth Earl of Lincoln and second Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1720-1794), succeeded his brother in earldom, 1730; cofferer of the household, 1764; succeeded his uncle in dukedom, 1768; gave himself up to sport.

[146] Henry Fynes Clinton (1781–1852), chronologist; son of Charles Fynes, a Nottinghamshire clergyman, who assumed the name Clinton in 1821; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1805; well read in Greek; M.P., Aldborough, 1806-26; inherited a fortune, 1811; bought Welwyn, Hertfordshire, 1810; issued his standard works, Fasti Hellenici, 1824-30, and Fasti Romani 1845-50; epitomes of them published, 1851-3.

[147] Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fourth Duke of Newcastle (1785-1851), grandson of Henry Fiennes Clinton, second duke; succeeded to dukedom, 1795; at Eton, 1796-1803, prisoner in France, 1803-7; married a wealthy heiress, 1807; lord-lieutenant of Nottinghamshire, 1809-39; an object of mob violence, 1830-1; withdrew from politics, 1832; bought Worksop; published pamphlets.

[148] Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fifth Duke of Newcastle (1811-1864), eldest son of Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fourth duke ; styled Earl of Lincoln; at Eton, 1826; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1832; M.P., 1832-51; chief secretary for Ireland, February-July 1846; divorced his wife, 1860; succeeded to dukedom, 1851; secretary for war and the colonies, 1852-4; secretary for war, 1864-5; visited the Crimea, 1855; colonial secretary 1869-64; visited Canada, 1860.

[149] Sir William Henry Clinton (1769–1846), general; elder son of Sir Henry Clinton the elder; cornet, 1784; captain, 1790; served in Flanders, 1793; lieutenantcolonel, 1794; aide-de-camp to the Duke of York, 1796; governor of Madeira, 1801-2; M.P., 1806-30; majorgeneral, 1808; served in Sicily and Spain, 1812-13; G.C.B., 1815: lieutenant-general of ordnance, 1825-9; commanded British forces in Portugal, 1826-8; general, 1830.

[150] John Clipstone (fl. 1378), theological writer; D.D. Cambridge; Carmelite friar of Nottingham.

[151] Augustus Clissold (1797?–1882), Swedenborgian; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1821; curate of Stoke Newington; joined the Swedenborgians, 1838; published Swedenborgian tracts, 1838-79; benefactor of the New Church

[152] Stephen Clissold (1790?–1863), writer of pamphlets on trade, 1815-38; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1822; rector of Wrentham, Suffolk, 1830-53.

[153] Sir Christopher Clitherow (d. 1641), merchant; member of the East India Company, 1601; subscribed for the discovery of a north-west passage, 1612; master of the IronmongersCompany, 1618 and 1624; alderman of London, 1625-41: sheriff, 1625: M.P. London, 1628; lord mayor, 1635; knighted, 1636; an Eastland merchant, 1638; benefactor of Christ's Hospital,

[154] Margaret Clitherow (d. 1586), the martyr of York; daughter of Thomas Middleton, wax-chandler, York; married, 1671, John Clitherow, butcher; embraced Roman Catholicism, 1574; imprisoned as a recusant; barbarously executed for harbouring priests.

[155] Caroline Clive (1801–1873), authoress; nit. Meysey-Wigley: married, 1840, the Rev. Archer Clive (d. 1878); accidentally burnt to death; published, chiefly under the initial V. verses and novels, 1840-72, Including * Paul Ferroll 1855.

[156] Catherine Clive, commonly known as Kitty Clive (1711–1785), actress; of Irish extraction; nee Raftor; employed by Colley Cibber at Drury Lane, 17281741; made her mark in comedy, 1731; married George Olive, a barrister, before 1784; travestied the part of Portia,* 1741; visited Dublin, 1741; a favourite with Handel; sang in Handel's Samson 1742; employed by Garrick at Drury Lane, 1746-69; pensioned by Horace Walpole; wrote dramatic sketches, 1753-65.

[157] Sir Edward Clive (1704–1771), judge ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1725; M.P. St. Michael's, Cornwall, 1741; baron of the exchequer, 1745; justice of common pleas, 1753-70; knighted, 1753.

[158] Edward Clive , first Earl of Powis (1754–1839), governor of Madras; eldest son of Robert Clive, baron Clive; succeeded to the Irish barony, 1774; M.P., Ludlow, 1774-94; created Baron Clive of Walcot, in the British peerage, 1794; governor of Madras, 1798-1803; created Earl of Powis, 1804.

[159] Robert Clive, Baron Clive (1725–1774), governor of Bengal; eldest son of an impoverished Shropshire squire; exhibited a turbulent and masterful temper at school; offered writerehip in the East India Company's service, 1743; reached Madras penniless and hi debt owing to an exceptionally protracted voyage, 1744; friendless and miserable; tried to shoot himself; taken prisoner by Labourdonnais at Madras, September 1746; escaped to Fort St. David; ensign, 1747; showed great bravery at the unsuccessful siege of Pondicherry, 1748; lieutenant under Major Stringer Lawrence at Devikota; commissariat officer; twice sent in charge of reinforcements to Trichinopoly; captain; allowed to try his plan of attacking Arcot, capital of the Oarnatic; marched from Madras, and occupied Arcot, 1751; besieged by ten thousand troops 23 Sept.-14 Nov.; beat off all attacks, having only eighty Europeans and 150 Sepoys efficient; reinforced, 15 Nov.; defeated the enemy at Ami; twice took Con jeveram: defeated the French and natives at Caveripak; helped Major Lawrence to take Trichinopoly; reduced Covelong and Ohingleput; invalided to England, 1753; paid his father's debts; tried to enter parliament; appointed lieutenant-colonel; reached Bombay, 1755; helped to reduce Gheriah, the stronghold of the pirate Angria, 1756; took charge of Fort St. David, 20 June 1756 (the day before theBlack Holeof Calcutta); recovered Calcutta and Hugli; came to terms with Suraj ud Dowlah, the guilty nawab of Bengal; captured Chandernagore; discovered the nawab's intended treachery; negotiated privately with his general Mir Jaffler, through the Hindu Omichand; cheated Omichand by having two treaties drawn up, one of them fictitious; marched against the nawab, and won the great victory of Plassey, 1767; installed Mir Jaffier as nawab; accepted from him a large present and the quit-rent of the company's territory; governor of the company's Bengal possessions, 1757-60; repulsed the Dutch attempt to found a rival colony at Chinsura, 1759; sailed for England, 1760; M.P., Shrewsbury, 17601774; created Baron Clive in the Irisb peerage, 1762; sent out to put down abuses in Bengal; assumed the governorship of Bengal, 1765; reformed the civil administration; restored military discipline and pensioned the nawab of Bengal; obtained for the company the lordship of the province; created, out of a legacy from Mir Jaffier, a pension fund for disabled officers; returned to England in shattered health, 1766; rancorously attacked by politicians and others; went through a parliamentary inquiry, 1772-3; became a victim to opium; committed suicide.

[160] Robert Clobery (1719–1800). See Robert Glynn.

[161] Sir Abraham Josias Cloëté (1794–1886), general; born at the Cape; cornet, 1809; captain, 1812; lieutenant-colonel, 1837; general, 1871; stationed in England, 1809-13; aide-de-camp to the governor, Cape Colony, 1813-17; in India, 1817-19; superintended thesettlers of 1820 at Oape Colony; town major of Cape Town, 1822 1840: K.H., 1836; on service in South Africa, 1840-54; knighted, 1864; stationed in West Indies, 1855-61; retired, 1877.

[162] Alexander Clogie or Clogy(1614–1698), biographer; born in Scotland; educated in Dublin; chaplain to William Bedell, bishop of Kilmore, 1629; beneficad, 1637; persecuted by the Irish rebels, 1641; army chaplain in England, 1643; rector of Wigmore, Herefordshire, 1647-98; wrote memoir of Bishop Bedell, 1675.

[163] Cloncurry, second Baron (1773–1853). See Valentine Browne Lawless.

[164] Earl Clonmell o (1739–1798). See John Scott.

[165] Viscount Clontarff (d. 1560). See John Rawson.

[166] Sir Hugh Clopton (d. 1497), lord mayor of London; mercer in London; sheriff of London, 1486; lord mayor, 1492; knighted; built at Stratford-on-Avon, 'New Place(afterwards bought by Shakespeare), 1483, Trinity Chapel, and the stone bridge over the river.

[167] Walter de Clopton (d. 1412?), judge ; king's serjeant, 1378; chief-justice of king's bench, 1389-1400; K.B., 1389; became a Franciscan friar at Norwich.

[168] Sir Barry Close (d. 1813), major-general ; cadet at Madras, 1771; distinguished himself at the sieges of Seringapatam, 1792 and 1799: resident of Mysore, 1799; resident of Poona, 1801; returned to England, 1811; created baronet.

[169] Francis Close (1797–1882), evangelical divine; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1820; M.A., 1825; rector of Cheltenham, 1826; D.D Lambeth, 1856; dean of Carlisle, 1856-81; published sermons and pamphlets, 1825-77.

[170] John Close (1816–1891), 'Poet Close' ; son of a butcher at Gunnerside, Swaledale; published tracts of verse; established himself as printer at Kirkby Stephen; attracted patrons by his rhyming, and obtained, 1860, civil service pension, which was withdrawn, 1861, after much public discussion; continued to issue pamphlets of metrical balderdash until his death.

[171] Nicholas Close (d. 1452), bishop; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1443; a commissioner to Scotland, 1449; archdeacon of Colchester; D.D.; bishop of Carlisle, 1450; translated to Lichfield, 1462.

[172] Thomas Close (1796–1881), antiquary and genealogist.

[173] George Closse (fl. 1585), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1579; ejected from the vicarage of Cuckfleld, Sussex, 1581; libelled the lord mayor of London in a sermon at Paul's Cross, 1585.

[174] John Closterman (1656–1713), portrait-painter ; born at Osnaburg, Hanover; visited Paris, 1679; came to England, 1681; visited Madrid, 1696, and Italy; painted the Blenheim group of the Duke of Marlborough and his family, c. 1698.

[175] Sir John Clotworthy , first Viscount Massereene (d. 1665), an Antrim landowner; opponent of Strafford's Irish administration; M.P., Maldon, 1640; a manager of the proceedings against Strafford; joined in the prosecution of Laud; annoyed Laud on the scaffold, 1645; envoy to Ormonde, 1646; accused by the army leaders of embezzlement, 1647; expelled from the Commons, January 1648; replaced, June 1648; imprisoned, 1648-51; employed in Irish affairs, 1653-4; agent in England for the Irish adventurers and landholding soldiers, 1660; created Viscount Massereene, 1660.

[176] Anne Jemima Clough (1820–1892), first principal of Newnham College, Cambridge; sister of Arthur Hugh Clough; resided at Liverpool, where, 1841, she started a school, which she removed to Ambleside, 1852; became acquainted with Miss Emily Davies, Madame Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon, and Miss Buss and others interested in cause of education of women; secretary, 1837-70, and president, 1873-4, of North of England council for promoting higher education of women; head of house of residence for woman students at Cambridge, which ultimately developed into Newnham College.

[177] Author Hugh Clough (1819–1881), poet; son of a Liverpool cotton merchant; educated at Rugby, 1829-36; scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, 1837; B.A., 1841; fellow of Oriel College, 1841-8, and tutor, 1843-8; visited Paris, Rome, and Venice, 1848-50; principal of University Hall, Ixmdon, 1849-52; visited Boston, America, 1852-3; cxiimiticr in the education office, London, 1853; risited, In ill-health, Greece, the Pyrenees, Italy, 1861; died at Florence; published his first poem, 1848; revised a translation of Plutarch's Lives 1869-60; his poems and letters published, 1869.

[178] Richard Olouqh (d. 1570), merchant; chorister at Chester; merchant in London; went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem; knight of the Holy Sepulchre; factor at Antwerp for Sir Thomas Gresham, 1552-69; suggested an exchange, London, 1561; granted a lease of crown lands, 15G5; visited Spain, 1567; built Plas Clough, Denbighshire; died at Hamburg; his wealth proverbial in Wales.

[179] Thomas Cloutt (1781?–1846). See Russell.

[180] Joseph Clover (1725–1811), farrier; blacksmith in Norwich; studied farriery, 1750; practised as veterinary surgeon, 1765-81.

[181] Butler Clowes (d. 1782) mezzotint-engraver and printseller; exhibited, 1768-73, portraits and sketches in mezzotint.

[182] John Clowes (1743–1831), Swedenborgian ; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1769; fellow; vicar of St. John's, Manchester, 1769; began to read Swedenborg, 1773; founded a Swedenborgian printing society, 1780; issued translations of works by Swedenborg, 1781-1816, and theological pamphlets and sermons, 1799-1826; wrote an autobiography.

[183] William Clowes , the elder (1540?–1604), surgeon; surgeon's apprentice in London; army surgeon in Prance, 1563; naval surgeon, 1563-9; practised surgery in London, 1569; surgeon of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1581-5, and of Christ's Hospital; army surgeon in the Low Countries, 1586-7; naval surgeon, 1588; again practised in London; published surgical treatises of some merit, 1579-1602.

[184] William Clowes , the younger (1582–1648), surgeon; son of William Clowes the elder (1540 ?-1604) ; practised in London, 1605 till death; surgeon to Charles I; prosecuted Leverett for assuming the royal prerogative of touching for the king's evil, 1637.

[185] William Clowes , the elder (1779–1847), printer ; apprenticed at Chichester; came to London, 1802; commenced business by himself, 1803; the first to use steam machinery for book-printing, 1823.

[186] William Clowes (1780–1851), primitive methodist; a Staffordshire potter; champion dancer; joined Wesleyan methodiste, 1805; local preacher, 1808-10; cofounder of the primitive methodists, 1810; preached in north of England.

[187] William Clowes , the younger (1807–1883), printer; eldest son of William Clowes the elder (17791847); entered his father's business, 1823.

[188] John Clubbe (1703?-1773), satirical writer ; B.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1725; vicar of Debenham, Suffolk, 1730; rector of Whatfleld, Suffolk, 1735-73; published a sermon, 1751, and burlesques, 1758-70.

[189] William Clubbe (1746–1814), poetical writer; son of John Clubbe; LL.B. Oaius College, Cambridge, 1769; rector of Flowton, 1769, and vicar of Brandeston, Suffolk, 1770; published verses, 1793-1806.

[190] William Benton Clulow (1802–1882) dissenting minister; pastor at Shaldon, Devonshire, 1823; tutor at Airedale College, Bradford, 1836-43; published essays, 1843-65.

[191] John Clunie (1757?–1819), composer of Scottish songs; schoolmaster and precentor of Markinch, Fifeshire, 1785; minister of Borthwick, Midlothian, 1791.

[192] Henry Clutterbuck (1767–1856), medical writer; surgeon's apprentice atTruro; came to London, 1788; qualified as a surgeon, 1790; studied medicine at Edinburgh, 1802, and Glasgow; M.D. Glasgow, 1804; a leading physician in London; lectured on materia medica; published medical treatises, 1794-1846.

[193] Robert Clutterbuck (1772–1831), topographer ; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1794; published a finely illustrated history of Hertfordshire, 1815-27.

[194] Baron Clyde (1792–1863). See Colin Campbell.

[195] William Clyffe (d. 1558), divine ; LL.B. Cam. bridge, 1514; LL.D., 1523; admitted to Doctor Commons, 1622; commissary of London diocese, 1522-9; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1626; archdeacon of London, 1629-33; prebendary of York, 1532, precentor, 1534, treasurer, 15381547; archdeacon of Cleveland, 1533; dean of Chester, 1547-58.

[196] Cnut (994?–1035). See Canute.

[197] Charles Coates (1746?–1813), antiquary; educated at Reading and Cambridge; M.B., 1767 vicar of Preston, Dorset, 1780; vicar of Osmington, Dorset 1788-1813; F.S.A., 1793; published a history of Reading, 1802, and a supplement, 1809.

[198] Robert Coates (1772–1848), amateur actor; known as Romeo Coates; son of a wealthy Antigua planter; at school in England; acted in private theatricals in Antigua, 1805; acted in Bath, London, and elsewhere, 1810-16; hissed off the stage; withdrew for a time to Boulogne.

[199] Thomas Coats (1809–1883), thread manufacturer; benefactor of Paisley; collector of Scottish coins.

[200] James Cobb (1756–1818), dramatist ; clerk in the East India Company's office; wrote twenty-four dramatic pieces, 1779-1809.

[201] Samuel Cobb (1676–1713), translator and versifier; educated at Christ's Hospital, London, 1683-94; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1702; master at Christ's Hospital, 1702-13; published political odes, 1694-1709, and translations from Latin and Greek, published 1709-14.

[202] Charles Cobbe (1687–1765), archbishop of Dublin; educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Oxford; M.A., 1712; chaplain to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1717; dean of Ardagh, 1718; bishop of Killala, 1720, and Dromore, 1727; translated to Kildare, 1731; dean of Christ Church, Dublin; D.D. Dublin, 1735; translated to Dublin, 1743.

[203] William Cobbett (1762–1835), essayist, politician, and agriculturist; son of a labourer at Farnham, Surrey; self-taught; enlisted as soldier, 1783; served in Nova Scotia, 1784-91; withdrew to France and to Philadelphia, 1792, to avoid prosecution through his agitating for increase of soldierspay; bookseller and pubUsher, on the loyalist side, 1796; prosecuted for libel, 1797; withdrew to New York, 1797, and to London, 1800: an active tory journalist, 1801; but afterwards adopted popular opinions, and from 1804 wrote in the radical interest, with characteristic directness and vigour; farmed in Hampshire, 1804-17; withdrew to America, 1817-19; wrote strongly in favour of Queen Caroline, 1820; farmed land in Surrey, 1821; tried to enter parliament, 1821; M.P. Oldham, 1832; wrote, with exceptional perspicuity and force, on grammar, economics, and other subjects. Cobbett's Weekly Political Register begun in January 1802, was continued till his death.

[204] Ingram Cobbln (1777–1851), congregational minister, 1802-28; published scripture commentaries.

[205] Elizabeth Cobbold (1767–1824), poetess; n6e Knipe; published poems, 1787; married William Clarke of Ipswich, 1790; published, as Eliza Clarke, The Sword a novel, 1791; married John Cobbold of Ipswich, 1792; her collected poems published, 1825.

[206] John Spencer Cobbold (1768–1837), divine; fellow of Oaius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1793; master of Nuneaton school, 1794; rector of Woolpit, Suffolk, 1831; published sermons and essays.

[207] Richard Cobbold (1797-1877) novelist ; son of Elizabeth Cobbold, q. *0: M.A. Gains College, Cainbridge, 1883: rector of Wortham, Suffolk: published an account of Margaret Catchpole, ls5, novels and

[208] Thomas Spencer Cobbold (1828–1886), helminthologist: third son of Richard Cobbold; surgeon's apprentice in Norwich: studied medicine at Edinburgh, IM7: M.D., 1851; curator of Edinburgh anatomical museum, 1851-6; lectured on botany and zoology in London, 1S57-84: studied parasitic worms; wrote treatises on parasites from 1864.

[209] Edward Cobden (1684–1764), author of poems and sermons, 1718-68; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1706; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1713; D.D. Oxford, 1783; archdeacon of London, 1742; chaplain to George II, 17301752.

[210] Richard Cobden (1804–1865), statesman ; sou of a Sussex farmer; clerk (1819) and traveller for a London calico merchant; partner, 1828, In a London calico warehouse, and, 1831, in a Lancashire calico factory; settled in Manchester, 1832; wrote on economics in the Manchester Examiner; published his first free-trade pamphlets, 1835-6: travelled in America, the East, and Germany, 1835-8: tried to enter parliament, 1837: a foremost leader of the Anti-Corulaw League, 1838-46; M.P., Stockport, 1841-7; voted for the Maynooth grant, 1845: greatly contributed, by bis strenuous advocacy, to the repeal of the Corn Laws, 1846; travelled on the continent, 1846-7; M.P., West Riding of Yorkshire, 1847-57; advocated international arbitration and disarmament; defeated the government on the Chinese war question, 1857; failed to secure re-election: visited America, 1859: M.P., Rochdale, 1859; negotiated the commercial treaty with France. 18691860; opposed intervention in favour of Denmark, 1864; last spoke in the House of Commons, 22 July 1864; refused office, 1859, and a baronetcy, 1860. A subscription on his behalf in 1845 yielded nearly 80,0007.; a second subscription, in 1860, yielded 40,OOW.

[211] Viscount Cobham (1669?–1749). See Richard Temple.

[212] Barons Cobham . See BROOKE, HENRY, d. 1619 ; Sir John Oldcastle, d. 1417.

[213] Eleanor Cobham , Duchess of Gloucester (d. 1446?) originally mistress, and, before 1431, wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester; accused by one Roger Bolingbroke, who had induced her to believe that her husband would become king, of being her accuser's accomplice in treason and magic, 1441; imprisoned, 1441; sentenced to penance and imprisonment; imprisoned at Chester and Keuilworth.

[214] Sir Henry Cobham (1538–1605?), diplomatist ; accompanied an English embassy to Madrid, 1661; envoy to the emperor Maximilian II at Vienna, 1567: envoy to Antwerp, to the emperor at Speyer, and to Spain, 1570; knighted, 1576; envoy to Madrid, 1575; ambassador at Paris, 1579-83: M.P., Kent, 1586-9.

[215] John de Cobham , third Baron Cobham (rf. 1408), succeeded his father, John de Cobham, 1355; served in France, 1367; several times envoy in Flanders and France, from 1374: often a trier of petitions, 1379-1401; impeached (1397) for serving (1388) as commissioner at the trial of Richard II's favourites; banished to Jersey recalled, 1399.

[216] Thomas de Cobham (d. 1327), bishop of Worcester: graduate of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge: prebendary of Hereford, Wells, London, and York; envoy to the pope, 1306, and to France, 1312; elected archbishop of Canterbury, May 1313, but set aside by the pope, October; visited papal court at Avignon, 1313; made, by the pope, bishop of Worcester, 1317; built a library for Oxford University, e. 1320; his books placed in it, 1337.

[217] Thomas Cobham (1786–1842), actor; a London press reader; played Richard III in London, 1816, and was by some reckoned equal to Edmund Kean; acted in Dublin, 1817.

[218] Coburg, Duke of (1844–1900). See Alfred Ernest Albert.

[219] William Cochran (1738–1785), painter; art student in Glasgow, 1754, and Italy, 1761; much employed in Glasgow as portrait-painter and miniaturist.

[220] Robert William Cochran-Patrick (1842-1897), statesman and numismatist; B.A. LMin: .1861: LL.B. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1864: land: F.S.A. London, 1871; conservative M.1 for North I Ayrshire, 1880-6: assessor to St. Andrews University, 1888; honorary LLJD. Glasgow, 1887; permanent innler-tvretary for Scotland, 18*7 -.:?: rice-chnirnmnof Scottish fishery board, 1896; published work.- n -..i: to coins and medals and other writings.

[221] Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane (1758–1832), admiral; younger son of the eighth Earl of Dundouald; lieutenant in navy, 1778; served in West Indies, 1780-2: captain, 1782; commanded a ship with credit. 1790-1802: MJ., Stirling boroughs, 1802; rear-admiral, 1804; blockaded Ferrol, 1804; held command in West Indies and on the American station, 1806-15; K.B., 1806; admiral, 1819; commander-in-chief at Portsmouth, 1821.

[222] Archibald Cochrane, ninth Earl of Dundonald, styled Lord Cochrane (1749–1831), served for a time in the navy and in the army; succeeded to the earldom, 1778; brought to poverty by unprofitable attempts to find industrial applications of chemical discoveries; published pamphlets on agricultural chemistry: died at Paris.

[223] Sir James Cochrane (1798–1883), judge : born in Nova Scotia; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1829; attorney-general of Gibraltar, 1837, and chief-justice at Gibraltar, 1841-77; knighted, 1845; died at Gibraltar.

[224] Sir John Cochrane (d. 1650?), royalist ; commanded regiment at Edinburgh, 1640; joined Charles I at York, 1642; governor of Towcester, 1643; his estates forfeited, 1644; sent to the continent to raise money for Charles I.

[225] Sir John Cochrane (d. 1695?), of Ochiltree, Ayrshire; second sou of William Cochrane, first earl of Duudonald; involved in the Rye House plot, 1683; escaped to Holland; attainted, 1685; took part in Argyll's invasion, 1685; taken prisoner; saved himself by turning king's evidence; employed to persuade the presI byterians to accept James II's Declaration of Indulgence, ; 1687: recovered his estates, 1689; imprisoned on a charge of embezzling public money, 1695.

[226] John Dundas Cochrane (1780–1825), traveller; naval officer; travelled through France, Spain, and Portugal, 1815; travelled in Russia and Siberia, 1820-1; published an account of his journey, 1824; died in Venezuela.

[227] John George Cochrane (1781–1852), bibliographer; bookseller's apprentice in Glasgow: as a London publisher agitated against the Copyright Act. 1813; edited the Foreign Quarterly Review London, 1827-35: edited the Caledonian Mercury Edinburgh; catalogued Sir Walter Scott's Abbotsford library, 1838; newspaper editor I at Hertford; librarian of the London Library, 1841 till j death.

[228] Robert Cochrane, Earl of Mar (d. 1482), favourite of James III of Scotland; in favour before 1476; built the great hall in Stirling Castle; procured the murder of Mar, and the exile of Albany, the king's brothers, 1479; offended the nobles by taking the earldom of Mar: depreciated the silver coinage: hanged by the nobles at Lander.

[229] '^ Thomas Cochrane , tenth Earl of dundonald (1775-1860), admiral: son of Archibald Cochrane, ninth earl; styled Lord Cochrane; held commission in the army; first joined his ship, the Hind, 1793; lieutenant, 1796; served on the North American station, 1796-8, and on the French and Spanish coasts, 1798-1800; as commander of the Speedy, captured many vessels, 1800-1; captain, 1801: captured by a French squadron, 1801; exchanged: studied at Edinburgh University, 1802-3; banished to the Orkneys guardship, 1803-4; cruised successfully off the AioreB, 1805: cruised successfully in the Bay of Biscay, 1806; M.P., Honiton, 1806, Westminster, 1807; exposed the abuses of the admiralty; ordered to the Mediterranean; tried to check the venality of fleet in Aix roadf fmatratiBl by the -... -.: -, -. -....:-. ------ -Kss BSi* VDu rOfOCT 4K IOC JDaVamw * OOOC Fb-cHaClflft DJT JaUnt MM! ,. nltar, 1791-3; Kat to BBBBJ annj - * I P*tteaaVbB,iai: jonMdaai*lp,17:eaBV Booted dip ia urtn naiaa 17IS-IlteWat TK

[230] Sir Thomas John Cochrane -::-. 7Jf KAfi O ;:- -,--. , anV ' nrfrr *M tftnf Sir AUV. yifrTnrtwOrn- eaaea,

[231] William Cochrane of Cowden, first Earl of Dundonald (d. 1686), Royalist; ilinfn laaini F. Ijnaiii Ulliualiil Oochraneof PtiBdoniM. 147; fined by Cramvell, . HKXBY THOMAS, Lou xL 184: :- ---; -"- - - - - in ud at Banker aJUMM: friend of See

[232] Thomas Oswald Cockayne (1807-1873), philologist; ia hair orders L TxtA n iaa - MK. LI a Hit Mm9 pUX- pi T * II * i

[233] James Pattison Cockburn (1779?-1847), major-general, Royal Artillery; aft HBMftiiam. *W-1700; 14; near of Sonhoit, and

[234] Patrick Cockburn (1678-1749), divine; BOB of EdiBb.rgk. imtia Bd laW-tUB: a hB*af Aberdeen, 179t-t from before 1737.

[235] William Cockburn, or Piers (d. 1529), Scottish freebooter.

[236] Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn (1802-1880), lord chief justice of England; (A UX SeottmB ed. k MBreporta, 1B0; obtained ISaTatrwlam thecomEataoBB, 18J4: MJ, Sooth; made h mark bjaefai pofiey, 1HO; lattghtod -*.. awitrmthePa l olSn? r " SScbief* *"" ! f~: ofoommaa pleat, IBM; aaecxedaTto baronetcy, IBM; the fleet, 1CM; probahrj Mo?Itden; amovmcd ted chief-jastiee afBngiaad, IBft; preaded orer the cpecnr djBeaterj; a neeeaffnl praetitMner in Lon d pafitteal, don before 1710: phjakmn to Gicenvieh Hornital. 1731: .,....

[237] Sir William Cockburn (1768–1835), lieutenant-general; son of Jamea Cockburn (jt. 1783); ensign, 1778; served in American war, 1779-83; captain, 1783; served in India, 1790-1802; lieutenant-colonel, 1798; major-general, 1811; lieutenant-general, 1821; succeeded as fifth baronet of Cockburn, Berwickshire.

[238] Edward Cocker (1631–1675), arithmetician ; taught writing and arithmetic in London from before 1657 to 1665; a book-collector; published twenty-three manuals of penmanship, 1657-75; published his arithmetic, 1664, which afterwards went through more than a hundred editions; published verses, 1670, 1676.

[239] Henry Cockeram (Jl. 1650), author of the earliest published dictionary of English (first published, 1623; eleventh edition issued, 1655).

[240] Charles Robert Cockerell (1788–1863), architect; son of Samuel Pepys Cockerell; trained by his father; studied architectural remains in Greece, Asia Minor, Sicily, and Italy, 1810-17; discovered, in company with two Germans, the frieze of the temple of Apollo at Phigaleia, 1812; architect in London, 1817; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1818-58; designed buildings in London; R.A., 1836; professor of architecture to the Royal Academy, 1840-67; designed the Taylorian Building, Oxford, 1842; honorary D.C.L. Oxford, 1845; completed the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1845, and St. George's Hall, Liverpool, 1847; wrote on sculpture aud architecture, 1816-62.

[241] Frederick Pepys Cockerell (1833–1878), architect; second son of Charles Robert Cockerell; made a sketching tour in North France, 1860; studied architecture in Paris and Italy, 1853-5; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1854-77; architect of numerous mansions and some churches; died at Paris.

[242] Samuel Pepys Cockerell (1754–1827), architect; pupil of Sir Robert Taylor; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1786-1803; designed churches and mansions.

[243] John Cockerill (1790–1840), manufacturer ; son of William Cockerill; born in Lancashire; went to Verviers, Belgium, 1802; joint-manager of the factory at Liege, 1807; set up a woollen factory at Berlin, 1815; established the great foundry and machine factory at Seraing, Belgium, 1817; died at Warsaw.

[244] William Cockerill (1769–1832), inventor; a Lancashire mechanic; employed in St. Petersburg, 1794; in Sweden, 1796; manufactured spinning and weaving machinery at Verviers, Belgium, 1799, and at Liege, 18071812; died near Aix-la-Ohapelle.

[245] William Cockin (1736–1801), author ; writingmaster in London, at Lancaster, 1764-84, and at Nottingham, 1784-92; published an arithmetic, essays, and poems.

[246] George Cookings (d. 1802), author of poems and dramas; an official at Boston, America; registrar of a London society, c. 1772 till death,

[247] John Cockis (Jl. 1572).

[248] Sir James Cockle (1819–1895), chief-justice of Queensland and mathematician; educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1845; called to the bar at Middle Temple, 1846; practised on Midland circuit; first chief-justice of Queensland, 18631879; knighted, 1869; F.R.A.S., 1864; F.R.S., 1865; fellow of London Mathematical Society, 1870, and president, 1886-8. He made noteworthy contributions to the theory of differential equations, and published mathematical writings.

[249] Arthur Herbert Cocks (1819–1881), Bengal civilian; educated at Haileybury; went to Bengal, 1837; sent to Scinde, 1843; political officer with Lord Goug h's army, 1848-9; a district magistrate; returned to England, 1863.

[250] Roger Cocks (1. 1636), divine ; possibly of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1612; published, 1630, devotional verses, entitled Hebdomada Sacra; answered, 1642, Sir Edward Peyton's book against knueliug at communion.

[251] Thomas Cockson or Coxon (fl. 1609–1636), engraver of numerous portrait* of contemporary notabilities and authors.

[252] Henry Cockton (1807–1853), author of 'Valentine Vox 1840, and other novels.

[253] Henry Coddington (d. 1845), mathematician; senior wrangler, 1820; fellow and tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1823; vicar of Ware, Hertfordshire; died at Rome; wrote chiefly on optics.

[254] William Coddington (1601–1678), American colonist; merchant at Boston, New England, 1630; removed to Rhode island, 1638; visited England, 1661; named governor of Rhode Island, where he became chief magistrate.

[255] Christopher Codrington (1668–1710), soldier; son of the governor of the Leeward islands; born in Barbados; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1685; fellow of All Souls 1690; M.A., 1695; showed great courage in Flanders, 1694; captain, 1695; governor of the Leeward islands. 1697-1703: died at Barbados: benefactor of All Souls College, Oxford; left his Barbados estates to found Codrington College, Barbados.

[256] Sir Edward Codrington (1770–1851), admiral ; entered navy, 1783; lieutenant, 1793; commander, 1794; commanded ship at Trafalgar, 1805; served in the Scheldt, 1809, and in the Mediterranean, 1810-13; rear-admiral, 1814; K.C.B., 1816; commander-in-chief in Mediterranean, 1827; in treaty with Ibrahim Pasha, the Turkish admiral, for a suspension of hostilities, 1827, soon after which hostilities were resumed by the Greek insurgents; joined with the French and Russian squadrons in destroying the weak Turkish fleet at Navarino, 20 Oct. 1827: recalled, 1828; visited St. Petersburg, 1830; admiral, 1837; retired from active service, 1842; his memoirs published, 1873.

[257] Sir Henry John Codrington (1808–1877 admiral; third sou of Sir Edward Codrington entered navy, 1823; wounded at Navarino, 1827; lieutenant, 1829; commander, 1831; helped to bombard Acre, 1840; served off the Italian coast, 1847-60, and in the Baltic, 1854-5; rear-admiral, 1857; K.C.B.,1867; admiral of the fleet, 1877.

[258] Robert Codrington (d. 1665), author; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1619-27; M.A., 1626; travelled; published verses and translations, chiefly theological and historical, from French and Latin.

[259] Thomas Codrington (d.1691?), Roman catholic divine; educated at Douay; secretary to Cardinal Howard at Rome; returned to England, 1684; chaplain to James II; tried to found in England community of secular priests; followed James II to St. Germains; published sermons.

[260] Sir William John Codrington (1804–1884), general; second son of Sir Edward Codrington; ensign, 1821; colonel, 1846; major-general, 1854; showed courage and promptitude at Alma and Inkerman; K.O.B., 1855; comnmnder-in-chief at Sebastopol, 1856-6; M.P., Greenwich, 1857; governor of Gibraltar, 1859-65; general, 1863.

[261] Saint Coemgen (498–618), of Glendalough, co. Wicklow; popularly ST. KEVIN; hermit at Glendalough and in Kildare and Westmeath; built two monasteries at Glendalough, but withdrew to hermitages there: went to Westmeath to meet St. Oolumba; urged the king of Lei nster to fight for his country against JEdh MacAiumire, king of Ireland.

[262] Coenred or Cenred (reigned 704–709), king of Mercia; a minor at the death of his father, Wulfhere, 675; king of the Southumbrians, 702; king of Mercia, when his uncle,.Sthelred, resigned, 704; abdicated, 709; became a monk at Rome.

[263] Charles Edward de Coetlogon (1746?–1820), divine; educated at Christ's Hospital, 1756-66; M.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 17,3; vicar of Godstone, Surrey, 1794-1820; published sermons and theological tracts.

[264] Charles Coffey (d. 1745), dramatist ; an Irishman; deformed; performed at Dublin; afterwards in London; brought out farces and farcical operas, 1 729-45.

[265] Edward Coffin alias Hatton (1571–1626), Jesuit ; educated at Khoirasand Home; mission priest in England, 1594; joined the Jesuits, 1598; arrested near Antwerp, 1698: imprisoned in the Tower, 1698-1603; confessor to the English college at Rome: died at St. Omer; published controversial treatises, 1619-23.

[266] Sir Edward Pine Coffin (1784–1802), commissary-general: commissariat clerk, 1805; commissary-general, 1840; employed at the Cape, 1805-8; in the Peninsula, 1808-14; in Belgium and France, 1815-16: in Canada, 1819-22 and 1833-5; in China, 1843-5: knighted for services during the Irish famine, 1846.

[267] Sir Isaac Coffin (1759–1839), admiral ; born at Boston, America; entered navy, 1773; commander, 1781; rcjivted Sir George Rodney's nominees to his ship as unequal to their duty, 1782: convicted of signing false muster-roll, 1788 (conviction quashed, 1789); disabled by iuvident, while rescuing a drowning seaman, 1790: comini-ioner of the navy in Corsica, 1795-6, in Minorca, at Halifax, 1798, and at Sheerness; rear-admiral and created baronet, 1804; withdrew from service, 1808; adopted name Greenly, 1811-13: admiral, 1814; M.P., 1818-26.

[268] Sir Isaac Campbell Coffin (1800–1872), lieutenant-general; cadet in the East India Company's service, 1818; lieutenant in the Madras army, 1821; served in Burmah, 1824; lieutenant-colonel, 1845; majorgeneral, 1857; K.C.S.I., 1866; lieutenant-general, 1869.

[269] John Pine Coffin (1778–1830), major-general : cornet, as John Pine, 1795; took the name Coffin, 1797; lieutenant, 1799; served in Egypt, 1801; attached to quartermaster-general's staff; employed in Italy and Sp;iin, 1808-14; military attache with Austrian army in south France, 1815; lieutenant-governor of St. Helena, 1819-23; major-general, 1825.

[270] Robert Aston Coffin (1819–1885), Roman catholic prelate; educated at Harrow; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1838-45; M.A., 1843; vicar of St. Mary Magdalene, Oxford, 1843; embraced Catholicism, 1846; Hedemptorist father, 1852; rector of St. Mary's, Clapham, 1855; mission preacher, 1852-72; D.D.; bishop of Southwark, 1882; translated theological works.

[271] Eliezer Cogan (1762–1856), nonconformist divine; pupil and tutor in Daventry (nonconformist) academy: presbyterian minister at Cirencester, 1787-9; congregational minister at Walthamstow, 1801-16; kept boarding-school at Walthamstow, 1801-28; published sermons and theological tracts.

[272] Thomas Cogan (1545?–1607), physician ; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1563-74: M.B., 1674; practised physic in Manchester; master of Manchester grammar school, 1574-1600; published Latin school-books, and medical and devotional tracts.

[273] Thomas Cogan (1736–1818), philosopher; educated for congregational ministry: presbyterian minister at Rotterdam, 1759, and at Southampton, 1762; Unitarian; pastor at the Hague; married a Dutch heiress; studied medicine at Leyden; M.D. Leydeu, 1767; practised medicine in Holland; accoucheur in London, c. 1772-80; founded the Royal Humane Society, 1774; resided in Holland, 1780-95; removed to Bath; afterwards resided in London; published novels, notes of travel, translations from the Dutch, and, 1802-17, treatises on the passions and on ethics.

[274] William Cogan (rf. 1774), philanthropist ; mayor of Hull, 1717 and 1736; founded a charity school and an apprentice fund at Hull.

[275] Henry Coggeshall (1623–1690), mathematician; invented Coggeshall sliding-rule, 1677; wrote on mensuration.

[276] Ralph of Coggeshall (fl. 1207), chronicler; Cistercian monk; abbot of Coggeshall, Essex, 1207-18. The chronicle known by his name extends from 1066 to 1224, becoming more detailed after 1187.

[277] Jeremiah Coghlan (1775?–1844), captain in navy; mate of merchant ship at Plymouth, 1796, when he attracted attention of Edward Pellew, viscount Exmouth , who placed him on his ship the Indefatigable; commanded Viper frigate, 1800; captured French gun brig Cerbere after hard fight off Port Louis, and was promoted lieutenant, 1800; commanded sloop on Jamaica station, 1804-7; senior officer of light squadron in Bahamas, 1807-11; captain, 1810; flag-captain to Pellew in Mediterranean, 1812; C.B., 1816; on South American station, 1826-30.

[278] John Cok (1392?-1467?), compiler of the chartulary (1456) of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London: goldsmith's apprentice; priest, 1417; brother of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1419.

[279] Sir Aston Cokayne (1608–1684), poet ; son of Thomas Cokayne; fellow-commoner of Trinity College, Cambridge; at the Inns of Court: travelled in France and Italy, 1632; inherited Pooley, Warwickshire, 1639; received a baronet's patent, 1642; created M.A. Oxford, 1643; obtained Ashbourne, Derbyshire, on his mother's death, 1664; ran through his estate; sold bis Derbyshire property, 1671, and his Warwickshire property, 1683; published translations from Italian, 1635, and poems and dramas, 1658 and 1669.

[280] George Cokayne (1619–1691), independent minister; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1640; intruded rector of St. Pancras, Soper Lane, London; ejected, 1660; minister of Redcross Street congregational chapel, London, 1660; published sermons.

[281] Sir John Cokayne (d. 1438), judge; of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; recorder of London, 1394; chief baron of the exchequer, 1400-13; justice of common pleas, 1405-29; accompanied troops to France, 1412; sheriff of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, 1422, 1428, and 1435.

[282] Sir Thomas Cokayne (1519?-1592), author of 'A Treatise of Hunting 1591; of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; page to the Earl of Shrewsbury; succeeded to the family estates.,,1 538; knighted, 1544; served in Scotland, 1548; frequently high sheriff of Derbyshire,

[283] Thomas Cokayne (1587–1638), lexicographer: of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; educated at Corpus Christ! College, Oxford; compiled an English-Greek lexicon, published 1658.

[284] Sir William Cokayne (d. 1626), lord mayor of London; succeeded to his father's business of merchant, 1599; sheriff of London, 1609: alderman; governor of Ulster colonists, 1612; knighted, 1616; lord mayor, 1619-1620; bought Rushton, Northamptonshire.

[285] Daniel Parker Coke (1745–1825), politician; M.A. All SoulsCollege, Oxford, 1772; barrister, 1768; M.P., Derby, 1775-80; M.P., Nottingham, 1780-1812.

[286] Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634), judge and law writer, commonly called Lord Coke or Cooke; educated at Norwich and (1567) Trinity College, Cambridge; at Clifford's Inn, London, 1571; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1578; soon obtained good practice: reader of Lyon's Inn, 1579: advanced by Burghley's influence; recorder of Coventry, 1585; recorder of Norwich, 1586; recorder of London, 1592; M.P., Aldborough, 1589; M.P., Norfolk, and speaker of the Bouse of Commons, 1593: solicitor-general, 1592: attorney-general, to Francis Bacon's disappointment, 1594; married, to spite Bacon, Burghley's granddaughter, Lady Elizabeth Cecil, widow of Sir William Hatton, 1598: began publishing his law reports, 1600: entertained Queen Elizateth at Stoke Pogis, 1601; showed great rancour in the trials of the Earl of Essex, 1600, Ralegh, 1603, and the gunpowder plotters, 1605; chief-justice of common pleas, 1606; opposed James I's claim to tax imports and exports, 1606; decided that the post-nati persons bom in Scotland after the union of the crowns were English subjects, 1607; resisted Archbishop Bancroft's claim, which James I favoured, to exempt the church from the jurisdiction of the common law courts, 1606-9; decided against the king's authority to make law by proclamation, 1610; resisted Archbishop Abbot's attempt to have ecclesiastical causes decided by the court of high commission, 1611: compelled, through.Bacon's influence, and against his own wish, to accept the chief-justiceship of the king's. bench, 1613; privy councillor, 1613; opposed the practice of consulting the judges extra-judicially, 1615; favoured the courts of common law iu their endeavour to curtail the powers of the chancellor, 1615; refused to obey James I's order to stay proceedings in the commendam case: showed uncourtly desire to ascertain the truth in Sir Thomas Overtuiry'a rnso, 1615; suspended, partly through Bacon's representations to James I, from the privy council ami judicial functions, 1616; ordered to expunge from his 4 Reports opinions unfavourable to the king's prerogative: dismissed from the chief-justiceship, 1616; separated from his wife, in consequence of a violent quarrel as to the marriage of their daughter, 1617; recalled to the privy council, 1617: employed on several commission? of inquiry; M.P., Liskeard, 1620-2; vigorously attacked the monopolies: advocated war with Spain; incensed James I by speaking against the Spanish marriage and denouncing interference with the liberties of parliament; on the committee to impeach Bacon; imprisoned in the Tower, 1622; M.P., Coventry, 1624: M.P., Norfolk, 1625-6; opposed Charles I's demand for subsidies, 1625; precluded from parliamentary action by being pricked sheriff of Buckinghamshire, 1626; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1628; spoke strongly against the Duke of Buckingham, illegal taxation, and illegal imprisonment; lived afterwards in retirement at Stoke Pogis. His papers were seized by order of Charles I, and detained till 1641. Of Coke'sReports the first eleven parts were published 1600-16, the unfinished twelfth and thirteenth parts not till 1656-9. His Booke of Entries appeared in 1614. The First part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (Coke upon Littleton) appeared in 1628, the second part in 1645, and the third and the unfinished fourth part in 1644.

[287] George Coke or Cooke (d. 1646), bishop of Hereford; brother of Sir John Coke; fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; rector of Bygrave, Hertfordshire: D.D.; bishop of Bristol, 1633; translated to Hereford, 1636; one of the twelve protesting bishops, 1641; his palace sacked by the parliamentary troops, 1645.

[288] Jeremiah Coke (d. 1817).

[289] Sir John Coke (1563–1644), secretary of state; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1583; employed by Burghley; deputy-treasurer of the navy, 1591; travelled, 1594-6; secretary to Fulke GrevUle, 1597; a commissioner of the navy, 1621-36; M.P., 1621-9; pensioned by James I, 1621; a master of requests, 1622; knighted, 1624; Buckingham's agent in the parliaments of 1625 and 1628; secretary of state, 1625; incensed the Commons by his subservience to Charles I; a commissioner of the treasury, 1635-6; a commissioner on Scottish affairs, 1638; dismissed from office, 1639.

[290] Roger Coke (fl. 1896), political writer; of Thorington, Suffolk; educated at Cambridge; wrote against Thomas Hobbes, 1660; published pamphlets on trade, 1670-95; published his Detection of the Court... of England during the four last Reigns, 1694.

[291] Thomas Coke (1747–1814), methodist bishop ; son of a wealthy Brecon apothecary; entered Jesus College, Oxford, 1764; M.A., 1770; curate of South Petherton, Somerset, 1772-6; D.C.L., 1775; methodist preacher in London, 1778; frequently president of the Methodist conference in Ireland from 1782; suggested that the methodists should undertake foreign missions, 1784; joined with John Wesley in ordaining methodist ministers for America, 1784; went to Baltimore as superintendent of the methodiste, 1784; adopted the title of bishop in America, 1787; opposed slavery; methodist secretary of conference; vainly proposed the union of the methodist and Anglican churches in America, 1792, and in England, 1799; tried to establish bishops in the methodist church in England, 1794; president of the methodist conference in England, 1797 and 1805; paid his ninth visit to America, 1803; asked Lord Liverpool, the premier, to make him a bishop in India, 1813; died on the voyage to India; published works, including sermons and biographies.

[292] Thomas William Coke, of Holkham, first Earl of Leicester (1752-1842), educated at Eton; travelled; lived some time at Rome; returned to England, 1 774; succeeded to his patrimony, 1776; M.P., Norfolk, 17761806, and 1807-32; protectionist; favoured parliamentary reform; latterly, father of the House of Commons: began farming on bis own account, 1778; bred Southdown sheep and Devon cattle; improved the Suffolk breed of pigs; first grew wheat (instead of rye) in West Norfolk, 1787: raised to the peerage, 1787.

[293] John Coker (d. 1635?), antiquary; vicar of Tincleton, Dorset, 1576-9; compiled a Survey of Dorsetshire(published 1732).

[294] Sir John Colbatch (d. 1729), physician; apothecary at Worcester; licentiate of the London College of Physicians, 1696; knighted, 1716; published medical tracts, 1695-1723.

[295] John Colbatch (1664–1748), opponent of Richard Bentley; at Westminster School, 1680-3; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1690; D.D., 1706; Anglican chaplain at Lisbon; prebendary of Salisbury; professor of moral philosophy, Cambridge, 1707-44; took part with the fellows of Trinity against Richard Bentley, the master, 1714; published pamphlets against Bentley; rector of Orwell, Cambridgeshire, 1720-48: refused Bentley, then archdeacon of Ely, his fees for archidiaconal visitations, 1738.

[296] Sir John Colborne , first Baron Seaton (1778–1863), general; educated at Christ's Hospital; ensign, 1794; captain, 1800; served in Egypt, 1801, and in Sicily, 1806; secretary to Sir John Moore, 1808-9; lieutenantcolonel, by Moore's dying request, 1809; commanded 52nd foot in Peninsula and at Waterloo; K.O.B., 1815; majorgeneral, 1825; lieutenant-go venior of Guernsey, 1825; of Upper Canada, 1830; crushed Canadian revolt, 1838; created Baron Seaton, 1839: governor of the Ionian islands, 1843-9; general, 1854; commander of the forces in Ireland, 1855-60; field-marshal, 1860.

[297] Henry Colburn (d. 1865), publisher, of London ; started a number of London magazines, 1814-29; kept a circulating library, 1816; brought out a library of modern standard novelists, 1835-41. His publications included Evelyn's and Pepys's diaries.

[298] Thomas Frederick Colby (1784–1852), director of the ordnance survey: educated at Woolwich; second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1801; lieutenant-colonel, 1826: major-general, 1846; attached to the ordnance survey of England, 1802; lost his right hand, 1803; chief executive officer of the survey, 1809; conducted survey of Scotland, 1813-21; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen; director of the survey, 1820; F.R.S., 1820; conducted survey of Ireland, 1825-47; joint-designer of a geological map of West England, 18331845; placed on the retired list, 1847.

[299] Colchester, first Baron (1767–1829). See Charles Abbot.

[300] Colchtu, Coelchu, or Colga, Saint (d. 792), chief scribe of Clonmacnoise monastery; corresponded with Alcuin; wrote Scuap Crabhaigh (sweeping brush of devotion).

[301] John Henry Colclough (1769–1798), Irish rebel; a Wexford landowner; an insurgent leader at New Ross, 1798; executed.

[302] Cadwallader Colden (1688–1776), botanist and American loyalist; M.D. Edinburgh, 1705; practitioner in Pennsylvania, 1708-18; surveyor-general of New York colony, 1719; member of council, New York, 1720: lieutenant-governor of New York, 1761; unpopular as a loyalist; withdrew to Long Island, 1775; published medical and scientific papers, including History of the five Indian Nations of Canada 1727; sent descriptions of American plants to Linnaeus and other savants.

[303] Geoffrey de Coldingham (fl. 1214), writer of a history of the church of Durham from 1152 to 1214; sacrist of Coldingham Priory.

[304] Francis Coldock (1530–1602), publisher ; master of the London Stationers Company, 1591 and 1595: printed a few books: issued many books in conjunction with Henry Bynneman

[305] John Coldstream (1806–1863), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1827; practitioner in Leith, 1829-47; advocated medical missions; wrote medical papers,

[306] John Coldwell (d. 1596), bishop of Salisbury ; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1558: M.D., 1564; chaplain to Archbishop Parker; rector of Aldington, 1568, Tunstall, 1572, and Saltwood, Kent, 1580: dean of Rochester, 1581; made bishop of Salisbury in order that the courtiers might plunder the episcopal estates, 1591; died deeply in debt.

[307] Abdiah Cole (1610?–1670?), 'doctor of physick'; translated and compiled medical text-books, 1655-62.

[308] Charles Nalson Cole (1723–1804), lawyer; H.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1743; barrister, Inner Teniiil" rL'gisirur of the Budford Level corporation; published law tracts, an edition of theWorks of Soame Jen VMS1790, and other writings.

[309] Sir Christopher Cole (1770–1837), post-captain; midshipman, 1780; flag-captain to Lord Hugh Seymour in West Indies, 1799, and, later, to Sir John Thomas Duckworth: post-captain, 1802; pervt-d with Sir Edward Pellew (afterwards Viscount Exmouth) in East Indies, 1804: despatched to relieve garrison at Amboyna, 1810; effected capture of Neira, chief of Banda islands; served on Malabar coast, 1811; knighted 1812; honorary D.O.L. Oxford, 1812; in Channel, 1813-14; K.C.B., 1815; M.P. for Glamorgan-U7 and 1820-30; commander of yacht Royal Sovereign, 1828; colonel of marines, 1830.

[310] Sir Qalbraith Lowry Cole (1772–1842), general; younger sou of the first Earl of Inniskillen; cornet, 1787; major, 1793; served in the West Indies, 1794 staff officer in Ireland, 1797, and in Egypt, 1801; M.P., Inniskillen, 1798-1800, and for Fermanagh, 1803-23; brigadier-general in Sicily, 1806-8; major-general, 1808; commanded 4th division in Peninsula, 1809-14; K.B., 1813; lieutenant-general, 1813; governor of Mauritius, 1823-8; governor of Cape Colony, 1828-33; general, 1830.

[311] George Cole (1810–1883), painter; self-taught; portrait-painter at Plymouth; painted posters of wild animals for Wombwell's menagerie; studied art in Holland; exhibited in London, 1838-80, chiefly landscapes.

[312] George Vicat Cole (1833–1893), landscape painter; son of George Cole; first exhibited at British Institution and Suffolk Street galleries, 1852, and at Royal Academy, 1853; R.A., 1880. His picture, The Pool of London is in the National Gallery of British Art, Millbank.

[313] Henry Cole (1500?-1580), dean of St. Paul's; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1521-40, and warden, 1542-51; B.C.L., 1530; D.C.L., 1540; D.D., 1554; studied in Padua and Paris; lectured on civil law in Oxford; submitted to the Reformation; prebendary of Sarum, 1539; advocate of the arches and prebendary of St. Paul's, 1540; rector of Chelmsford, Essex, 1540-8, and of Newton Longueyille, Buckinghamshire, 1545-52; joined Roman catholic party at Mary's accession; archdeacon of Ely, 1553-6; canon of Westminster and provost of Eton, 1564-9; held disputation with Cranmer at Oxford, 1554; appointed to preach at Cranmer's execution, 1556: one of Cardinal Pole's commissioners to visit Oxford University, 1556, and Cambridge, 1567; dean of St. Paul's, 1556-9; vicar-general of the archbishop of Canterbury, 1557-8; sent to Ireland to extirpate protestantism, 1568; one of the eight Romanist disputants at Westminster Abbey, 1559; imprisoned, from 1560 to c, 1579.

[314] Sir Henry Cole (1808–1882), official ; at Christ's Hospital, 1817-23; sub-commissioner of the new record commission, 1833; assistant-keeper of the Record Office, 1838; elaborated scheme of postal reform for treasury, 1839-42; served on managing committee of London exhibitions of 1861, 1862, 1871-4; British commissioner at the Paris exhibitions of 1855 and 1867; joint-secretary of the Science and Art Department, 1853, and sole secretary, 1868-73; K.C.B., 1875; painted in water-colours, etched, engraved book illustrations, and edited, from time to time, several periodicals.

[315] Humfray Cole (fl. 1570–1580), engraver of a map of Palestine, 1572, and of brass mathematical instruments; employed at the mint.

[316] John Cole (1792–1848), bookseller and antiquary ; bookseller's apprentice in Northampton; bookseller in Lincoln, 1817, in Hull, in Scarborough, 1821, at Northampton, 1830; lectured on history and popular science; taught school at WeUingborough, 1835, and other places; failed in business and in teaching; died in poverty; published histories of Northampton, 1816, Lincoln, 1818, Scarborough, 1822-4, and above a hundred other pieces relating chiefly to Yorkshire and Northamptonshire. second

[317] Sir Ralph Cole (1625?–1704), second baronet, of Brancepeth Castle, Durham; studied painting under Vandyck; learned mezzotint engraving; patronised Italian painters: M.P., Durham, 1676-8; ran through his estate; sold Brancepeth, 1701.

[318] Thomas Cole (d. 1571), divine; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1560; D.D., 1564; master of Maidstone school, 1552; dean of Salisbury; withdrew to the continent, 1553; rector of High Ongar, 1659, and of Stanford Rivers, Essex, 1564; prebendary of St. Paul's and archdeacon of Essex, 1560; of puritan leanings; published sermons.

[319] Thomas Cole (1627?–1697), nonconformist divine; educated at Westminster School; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1647; M.A., 1651; intruded principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1656-60; kept a private academy at Nettlebed, Oxford; minister of the congregational church in Silver Street and Pinners Hall, London, 1674-1697; published sermons.

[320] William Cole (d. 1600), dean of Lincoln; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1546-63; M.A., 1552; D.D., 1574; withdrew to Zurich, 1553, and Geneva, 1557; joined in translating the Geneva Bible; rector of Sudbourne, Suffolk, 1561-71, of Buscott, Berkshire, 1571-3, and of Lower Heyford, Oxfordshire, 1572-1600; made president of Corpus Christi College by the crown in defiance of the wishes of the college, 1568; lived at feud with the fellows; brought the college into debt; prebendary of Salisbury, 1571, Lincoln, 1574, and Winchester, 1579; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1577; compelled to exchange his presidentship for the deanery of Lincoln, 1598.

[321] Sir William Cole (d. 1863), Irish settler; a Londoner; resident in Fermanagh before 1607; obtained forfeited lands, 1611; provost of Enniskillen; knighted, 1617; leased Enniskillen Castle, 1623; M.P., Fermanagh, 1639; colonel of foot against the Irish rebels, 1641-3; defended his conduct before a parliamentary commission, 1645.

[322] William Cole or Coles (1626–1662), botanist; entered New College, Oxford, 1642; postmaster of Merton College, 1650-1; B.A., 1651; resided at Putney; secretary to the bishop of Winchester, 1660; publishedHerbal 1656-7.

[323] William Cole (d. 1701), naturalist; surveyor of customs, Bristol; landowner at Hullavington, Wiltshire.

[324] William Cole (1635–1716), physician; M.D. Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1666; practised in London and Worcester; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1694; published Latin medical tracts, 1674-94.

[325] William Cole (1714–1782), the Cambridge antiquary; of Baberham, Cambridgeshire; while a schoolboy at Eton began to note antiquities; formed a friendship with Horace Walpole; entered Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1733; migrated to King's College, 1735; M.A., 1740; seriously thought of embracing Roman Catholicism; resided hi Cambridge; travelled occasionally in Flanders and Portugal; F.S.A., 1747; non-resident rector of Hornsey, Middlesex, 1749-51; resident rector of Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, 1753-67; removed to Waterbeach, near Cambridge, 1767, and to Milton, 1770; his income impaired by the breaking of the dykes; non-resident vicar of Burnham, Buckinghamshire, 1774-82; furnished friends with materials for historical and antiquarian books; bequeathed his manuscript collections, about a hundred folio volumes, chiefly dealing with Cambridgeshire and Cambridge university, Huntingdonshire, and Buckinghamshire, to the British Museum.

[326] William Cole (1753–1808), classical scholar; foundationer at Eton, 1766; scholar of King's College, Cambridge, 1773; fellow, 1776; M.A., 1781; DJX, Lambeth, 1795; master at Eton, 1777-80; chaplain to the Duke of Marlborough; rector of Mersham, Kent, 1788; prebendary of Westminster, 1792; vicar of Shorebam, Kent; author of a Latin explanation prefixed to Marlborough Gems (vol. ii.)

[327] William Cole (1754–1812), miscellaneous writer ; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1783; vicar of Broad Chalk, Wiltshire; curate in London; published a Key to the Psalms 1788, a poem, 1789, and a novel, 1796.

[328] Henry Thomas Colebrooke (1765–1837), Sanscrit scholar writer at Calcutta, 1782; magistrate at Purneah; studied Hindu law; contributed papers on suttee to Asiatic Researches 1794; printed privately Remarks on Husbandry in Bengal 1795; magistrate at Mirzapur, near Benares, 1795; published translation of 'A Digest of Hindu Law 1798; envoy to Nagpdr, 17991801; judge at Calcutta, 1801, and president of the bench, 1805; honorary professor in Fort William College; published his Essay on the Vedas 1805, a Sanscrit grammar, 1805, and lexicon, 1808, and translations of Hindu treatises on inheritance and contracts, 1810; member of the Bengal council, 1807-12; returned to England, 1814; presented Ins Sanscrit manuscripts to the India House; wrote on Hindu mathematics and philosophy, and on natural science; became blind; his occasional papers collected in his * Miscellaneous Essays, 1 1837.

[329] Sir William Macbean George Colebrooke (1787-1870), soldier and colonial governor; studied at Woolwich; first lieutenant, royal artillery, 1803; major, 1813; political agent and commissioner in Palembong, Sumatra, 1813, and in Bengal, 1814; one of commissioners of the Eastern inquiry, 1822-32; lieutenant-governor of Bahamas, 1834-7; governor of Leeward islands, 1837; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1841; colonel, 1846; governor of Barbados and Windward islands, 1848-56; lieutenant-general, 1859; colonel commanding royal artillery, 1859-70; O.B. (civil), 1848.

[330] Peter de Colechurch (d. 1205), chaplain of St Mary Oolechurch; architect of the first stone bridge over the Thames in London, 1176.

[331] Charles Coleman (d. 1664), composer ; member of Charles I's band; music teacher in London, 1641; Mus. Doc. Cambridge, 1651; composed part of the music for William D'Avenant'sFirst Dayes Entertainment and Siege of Rhodes 1656: member of Charles ITs band, 1660; composer to Charles II, 1662; left music in manuscript,

[332] Edward Coleman (d. 1669), musician ; son of Charles Ooleman; a celebrated music-master in London; composed the music for James Shirley's The glories of our blood and state 1653; sang in William D'Avenant's Siege of Rhodes 1656; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1660; member of Charles II's band, 1662; friend of Samuel Pepys.

[333] Edward Coleman (d. 1678), conspirator; embraced Roman Catholicism, c. 1670; secretary to Mary of Modena, duchess of York, c. 1674; corresponded with France, inviting aid for English catholics, 1674-5; sent to Brussels to negotiate with the pope's nuncio; accused by Titus Oates of participation in the popish plot, 28 Sept. 1678; his papers seized, 29 Sept.; surrendered himself, 30 Sept.; convicted on the evidence of Oates and Bedloe, 27 Nov.; executed, 3 Dec.; his fate discussed in several broadsheets and pamphlets.

[334] Thomas Coleman (1598–1647), divine; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1615; M.A., 1621; a learned hebraist, and nicknamed Rabbi Coleman; rector of Blyton, Lincolnshire, 1623-42, and of St. Peter's, Cornhill, 1642; member of Westminster Assembly, 1643.

[335] Walter Ooleman (d. 1645).

[336] William Higgins Coleman (d. 1863), botanist ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1838; ordained, 1840; joint-author (with John William Colenso ) of Examples in Arithmetic and Algebra 1834, and (with R. H. Webb) of Flora Hertfordiensis 1849, and it supplements, 1851 and 1859; first introduced the river-basin delimitation into a county flora; schoolmaster at Hertford, and, 1847, at Ashby-de-la-Zouch; hisBiblical Papers published 1864.

[337] Frances Ellen Colenso (1849–1887), daughter of John William Colenso: taken to Natal, 1865; joint-author of a History of the Zulu War 1880.

[338] John William Colenso (1814–1883), bishop of Natal; called by the Zulus Sobantu (father of the people); a poor Cornish boy; sizar of St. John's OolUye, Cambridge; second wrangler, 1836: fellow, 1837; a master at Harrow, 1839-42; tutor of St. John's College, 18; vicar of Forncett St. Mary, Norfolk. 1846-53; jointauthor (with William Higgins Ooleman ) ofExamples in Arithmetic and Algebra 1834; author of textbooks on algebra, 1841, and arithmetic, 1843; published sermons, 1853; named bishop of Natnl, 1853; pui 'Ten Weeks in Natal 1854; decided against requiring polygamous Kaffir converts to divorce their wives; took his family to Natal, 1855; held his first diocesan counril, 1858; taught some Zulus printing and issued between 1859 and 1876 a Zulu grammar, dictionary, instructive reading books, and translations of Genesis, Exodus, 1 and 2 Samuel, and the New Testament; evoked great opposition by hisCommentary on the Epistle to the Romans. 1 1861, attacking the sacramental system; issued Critical examination of the Pentateuch 1862-79, concluding that these books were post-exila forgeries, Deuteronomy, in particular, being a pious fraud of Jeremiah the prophet; formally deposed and excommunicated by Robert Gray, bishop of Cape Town, 1863; confirmed in possession of the see by the law courts, 1866; published an examination of the first part ofThe Speaker's Commentary 1871-4; exposed the corruption and tyranny of some colonial officials towards natives, 1875; denounced the Zulu war, 1879.

[339] John Colepeper, first Baron Colepeper (d. 1660), of Wigsell, Sussex; served in foreign armies; studied rural affairs; M.P., Kent, 1640; denounced monopolies and Strafford, 1641; defended episcopacy and the liturgy; opposed the Grand Remonstrance and the militia bill, 1641; taken into court favour, made privy councillor, 1642; chancellor of the exchequer, 1642-3; advised Charles I's withdrawal to Yorkshire; joined him at York, 1642; presented Charles's ultimatum to parliament, 1642; contributed to the victory of Edgehill, 1642; master of the rolls, 1643; attended Charles's Oxford parliament, 1644; his advice in military affairs sought by Charles I; his plans thwarted by the jealousy of Rupert; created Baron Colepeper of Thoresway, 1644; urged Charles I to make terms at all costs with the Scots, 1645-6, attended the Prince of Wales in his flight to the west, 1646: ordered to convey him to the continent, August 1646; accompanied him in the descent on the Thames, 1648; at feud with Rupert, 1648; urged Charles II to accept the Scottish overtures, 1649; went to Moscow to borrow money from the czar, 1650, and to Holland to ask armed support, 1652; expelled from France, 1654; urged Charles II's advisers to approach Monck, September 1668; attended Charles II on his Spanish journey, September 1659; returned to England, 1660.

[340] Thomas Colepeper (1637–1708), colonel; inherited Hackington, Kent, 1643; steward to Viscount Strangford: imprisoned as a royalist conspirator, 1669; married secretly a daughter of John, baron Frecheville, 1662; failed in a lawsuit to prevent Lord Frecheville selling his estate of Staveley, Derbyshire, to William Cavendish, first duke of Devonshire; imprisoned and sentenced to lose his hand for striking Devonshire at Whitehall, 1686; pardoned; struck by Devonshire at Whitehall, 1687; caned by Devonshire, 1697; died in great poverty. His genealogical collections are preserved in the British Museum.

[341] William Colepeper (d. 1726), poet and politician; of Hollingbourn, Kent; imprisoned for his share in the Kentish petition, 1701; published verses.

[342] Barons Coleraine . See HARE, HUGH, first Baron 1606?–1667 ; HARE, HENRY, second BARON, 1636-1708; HARE, HENRY, third BARON, 1693-1749; HANGER, GEORGE, fourth BARON of the second creation, 175i?-1824.

[343] Derwent Coleridge (1800–1883), author; second son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge q. v.; educated at Ambleside school and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1829; ordained, 1826; master of Helston school, Cornwall, 1826-41; principal of St Mark's College, Chelsea. 1841-64: rector of Hanwell, 1864-80; published pamphlets, theological tracts, and biographies of his brother Hartley and the poet Praed.

[344] Hartley Coleridge (1796–1849), author; eldest son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge; brought up by Robert Southey; educated at Ambleside school; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1819; probationer fellow of Oriel College, 1819, but dismissed, 1820, for intemperance; failed in literary work in London, and, 1830, in teaching at Ambleside; published poems, 1833, and biographies of and Lancashire worthies, 1888-6; a master at school, 1837-8; edited Massinger and Ford, 1840; his Remains, verse and prose, published, 1861.

[345] Henry James Coleridge (1822–1893), divine; brother of Sir John Duke, Lord Coleridge; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1845; fellow of Oriel College, 1846; M.A., 1847; held cure in Devonshire; entered Roman catholic church, 1862; studied at Rome; priest, and D.D., 1866; joined Jesuit novitiate; editor of tin- Month the periodical of the Jesuit fathers, 1865-81; published theological works, including The Life of Our Lord 1872.

[346] Henry Nelson Coleridge (1798–1843), literary executor of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1834; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and brother of James Duke Coleridge, and of Sir John Taylor Coleridge ; educated at Eton; fellow of King College, Cambridge; visited Barbados, 1825; barrister, 1826; married Sara Coleridge, 1829; brought out Coleridge's Table Talk, 1 1835, and edited some of his works; published pamphlets.

[347] Herbert Coleridge (1830–1861), philologist; son of Henry Nelson Coleridge; educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; double first, 1862; barrister, 1864; collected materials for the Oxford English Dictionary

[348] James Duke Coleridge (1788–1857), divine; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and brother of Henry Nelson Coleridge and Sir John Taylor Coleridge; entered Balliol College, Oxford, 1808; D.C.L., 183i; vicar of Kenwyn, 1823-8; rector of Lawhitton, 18261839; vicar of Lewannick, Cornwall, 1831-41; vicar of Thorverton, Devonshire, 1839-67; prebendary of Exeter, 1825; published sermons and devotional tracts.

[349] John Coleridge (1719–1781), schoolmaster; vicar of Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, and master of the grammar school; an eccentric: published a biblical tract, 1768, and a Latin grammar, 1772.

[350] Sir John Duke Coleridge , first BARON OOLKRinoE (1820-1894), lord chief-justice of England; son of Sir John Taylor Coleridge; educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A. 1846; fellow of Exeter, 1843-6, and honorary fellow, 1882; called to bar at Middle Temple, 1846; bencher, 1861; joined western circuit; recorder of Portsmouth, 1856; Q.C., 1861 liberal M.P. for Exeter, 1865-73; appointed solicitor-general and knighted, 1868; attorney-general, 1871; chief counsel for defendants in Tichborne case 1871-2; chief- justice of common pleas, 1873-80; created Baron Coleridge, 1874; F.R.S., 1875; D.C.L. Oxford, 1877; chief- justice of queen's bench, 1880-94.

[351] Sir John Taylor Coleridge (1790–1876), judge; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and brother of James Duke Coleridge, and Henry Nelson Coleridge; colleger at Eton; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1809; fellow of Exeter College, 1812-18; M.A., 1817; barrister, Middle Temple, 1819; contributed to theQuarterly Review and (1834) acted as editor; edited Blackstone'sCommentaries 1825; recorder of Exeter, 1832; justice of the king's bench, 18351858; sat on several parliamentary commissions; published pamphlets and a life of Keble.

[352] Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), poet and philosopher; youngest child of John Coleridge (17191781); educated at Christ's Hospital, 1782-90; read Flotmus and argued on points of metaphysics; schoolfellow and friend of Charles Lamb; courted Mary Evans, a schoolfellow's sister; read Greek, medicine, and metaphysics; sizar, 1791, and scholar, 1793, of Jesus College, Lambndge; read desultorily; spent much time in conversation; adopted extreme views in politics and religion; went back to London, 1793; enlisted in the 15th dragoons, as Silas Tomkyn Comberback, 1793; bought out by his brothers, 1794; said to have contributed to the Morning Chronicle 1793-5; returned to Cambridge, 1794; met Robert Southey in Oxford, and visited Wales: engaged himself to Sara Fricker at Bristol; joined Southey, Robert Lovell, and other pantisocrats in their scheme to found a communistic colony on the Susquehanna, Pennsylvania; wrote the first act of the Fall of Robespierre (published, 1794); left Cambridge, 1794; borrowed money of Joseph Cottle, bookseller, of Bristol; lectured against Pitt, 1795; married Sara Fricker, 1795; published his first volume ofPoems 1796; canvassed in Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, and other towns, for subscribers to the Watchman newspaper, which failed (May 1796) at its tenth number; preached occasionally in Unitarian chapels; began to take laudanum, 1796; maintained by Thomas Poole at Nether Stowey, preaching in Unitarian chapels at Taunton and Bath, 1796-7; visited Wordsworth, 1797; joined Wordsworth in writing Lyri. cal Ballads(published 1798), contributingThe Ancient Mariner wrote the first part ofChristabel* and Kubla Khan 1797; contributed occasional poems and articles to theMorning Post 1798-1802: went to Shrewsbury as Unitarian minister, 1798, and met William Hazlitt; accepted two annuities of 7bl. each from Josiah and Thomas Wedgwood, on condition of devoting himself to literature; furnished with funds by the Wedgwoods to visit Germany, 1798-9; published his translation of Schiller's Wallenstein 1800: settled at Keswick, 1800; wrote the second part of Christabel 1800; a slave to opium, 1803; visited Malta, 1804-5, and Rome, 1805-6; confirmed in 751. annuity by the will of Thomas Wedgwood (d. July 1805); first met Thomas De Quincey. at Bridgewater, 1807; lectured, very indifferently, at the Royal Institution, 1808: left his family at Keswick and became dependent on Wordsworth at Grasmere, 1809; canvassed for subscribers to theFriendnewspaper; published the Friend August 1809 to March 1810; contributed to the London Courier 1809, 1811, and 1814; his 751. annuity from Josiah Wedgwood stopped, 1811; lectured in London on Shakespeare and other poets, 1810-11, 1812, and 1813; his Remorseacted with success at Drury Lane, 1813; left his family dependent on Southey, allowing his wife his 751. annuity and quartering himself on his friends; lectured on Shakespeare and Milton, at Bristol, 1813; his shivery to opium now undisguisable: domiciled with John Morgan at Calne, Wiltshire, 1813-16; domiciled with James Gillman, at Highgate, 1816-34; published his autobiography, Biographia Literaria 1817; last lectured in London, 1818; pensioner of Society of Literature, 18241830: publishedAids to Reflection 1825; alion* of London literary circles; visited Germany, 1828; took a leading part in the introduction of English thinkers to the results of German thought; published his collected Poetical and Dramatic Works 1828.

[353] Sara Coleridge (1802–1852), author of 'Phantasmion 1837; daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ; married, 1829, Henry Nelson Coleridge; annotated and edited her father's writings.

[354] William Hart Coleridge (1789–1849), bishop of Barbados; nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1808-24; M.A., 1814; D.D., 1824; curate of St. Andrew's, Holborn; bishop of Barbados, 1824-41; warden of St. Augustine's Missionary College, Canterbury; published sermons and charges.

[355] Cowper Phipps Coles (1819–1870), naval officer ; entered navy, 1838; captain, 1856; served in Black Sea, 1863-6; constructed a good gun-raft, 1865; suggested building a turret-ship, with low freeboard, and heavy guns, 1861; the Captain constructed after his plans, and (1870) commissioned; went down with the Captain off Cape Finisterre.

[356] Elisha Coles (1640?–1680), lexicographer and stenographer; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1658-61; teacher of Latin and English in London, 1663; usher of Merchant Taylors School, 1677; master of Galway school, 1678; published devotional verses, 1671, a treatise on shorthand, 1674, primers of English and Latin, 1674-5, an English dictionary, 1676, and a Latin dictionary, 1677.

[357] Elisha Coles (1608?-1688), Calvinist; intruded manciple of Magdalen Hall, Oxford; deputy-registrar to the parliamentary visitors, 1651: intruded steward of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1657-60: clerk to the East India Company; published A Practical Discourse of God's Sovereignty 1673.

[358] Elisha Coles (d. 1715?), son of Elisha Coles (1608 ?-1688)

[359] Gilbert Coles (1617–1676). divine; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1637; M.A., 1643; D.D., 1667; fellow of Winchester College, 1648 and 1660-76; rector of East Meon, 1648, of Easton. Hampshire, 1660-76, and of Ash, Surrey, 1669; published tract against Romanism, 1674.

[360] John Coles or Cole (fl. 1650), translator of part of Cleopatre (1663); probationer fellow and schoolmaster of New College, Oxford, 1643; ejected by the parliamentary visitors, 1648; schoolmaster at Wolverhampton.

[361] Sir Henry Colet (d. 1505), lord mayor of London ; mercer's apprentice and mercer in London; alderman, 1476; sheriff, 1477; lord mayor, 1486 and 1495; knighted, 1487.

[362] John Colet (1467?–1519), dean of St. Paul's and founder of St. Paul's School; eldest and only surviving child of Sir Henry Colet; studied at Oxford, c. 1483; M.A., c. 1490: read mathematics and, in Latin versions, Platonic and Neo-platonic philosophy; nonresident rector of Dennington, Suffolk, 1485-1619;; vicar of St. Dunstan's, Stepney, 1485-1605; rector of Thurniug, Huntingdonshire, 1490-3; prebendary of York, 1494, and of St. Martin-le-Grand, 1494-1504; chaplain of Hilberworth, Norfolk; travelled in Italy, studying the fathers, canon and civil law, and the rudiments of Greek, 1493-6; resided in Oxford, and lectured on the New Testament, 1496-1504; priest, 1498; met Erasmus, 1498; prebendary of Salisbury, 1502; D.D., 1604; dean of St. Paul's, 1504-19; Inherited his father's vast fortune, 1505; founded St. Paul's School, writing for it in English a Latin accidence, 1509; endowed thebchopl, 1511-14; preached before convocation against ecclesiastical corruptions, 1512; preached against war with Prance, 1512-13; accused of heresy by FitzJames, bishop of London, 1513-14; made the Canterbury pilgrimage, 1514; paid an annuity to Erasmus; preached at Wolsey's installation as cardinal, 15 ".5; drew up statutes for St. Paul's School, 1518; some of his devotional works published, 1634; his complete works first issued, 1867-76.

[363] Henry Coley (1633–1695?), mathematician and astrologer; teacher of mathematics in London; published 4 Ola vis Astrologiae 1669; amanuensis and adopted son of William Lilly, 1677; continued (Lilly's)Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1681 to 1695.

[364] Abraham Colfe or Calf (1580–1657), divine; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1599; curate, 1604-10, and vicar, 1610-57, of Lewisham, Kent; rector of St. Leonard's, Eastcheap, London, 1609-47; founded grammar school at Lewisham, 1662, and bequeathed money to found a library and an almshouse.

[365] Isaac Colfe (1660?–1597), divine ; born at Canterbury; of French refugee parentage; M.A. Broadgates Hall, Oxford, 1582; ricar of Stone, 1585-7, and of Brookland, Kent, 1687; master of Kingsbridge Hospital, Canterbury, 1696; published sermons.

[366] John Colgan (d. 1657?), hagiographer ; born in Ulster; Franciscan friar and divinity professor at Louvain; published Acta Sanctorum... Hiberniae (in the calendar, January-March), 1645, Trias Thaumaturga (lives of SS. Patrick, Columba, and Bridget), 1647, and a life of Duns Scotus, 1655.

[367] Lord Colinton (d. 1688). See James Foulis.

[368] Frederick William Collard (1772–1860), pianoforte manufacturer; partner in firm of Clementi & Co., 1800-31, of Collard &, Collard, 1832-60.

[369] William Frederick Collard (1776–1866), partner in Clementi fc Co.; partner with his brother Frederick William Collard, 1832-42.

[370] Thomas Richardson Colledge (1796–1879), physician; officially employed in Canton, Macao, and other Chinese port's till 1841; founded medical mission in China, 1837; pensioned; M.D. Aberdeen, 1839: practised at Cheltenham, 1841-79.

[371] Stephen College (1635?-1681), 'the protestant oiner; a clever London carpenter; of presbyterian and democratic opinions; conformed to the church, 1G6U; issued ballads and pamphlets against Romanism; daring the excitement of thepopish plotsoldprotestant flails pocket bludgeons to repel anticipated Romanist assassins; came in arms to Oxford, at the sitting of parliament, 1681; arrested in London, 1681; bill against him thrown out by the grand jury, July 1681; taken to Oxford condemned and executed. His several ballads and pamphlets. s fate was the subject of

[372] Abraham Colles (1773–1843), surgeon; studied surgery in Dublin, Edinburgh, and London; M.D. Edinburgh, 1796; practised medicine in Dublin, 1797-9; I specialised in surgery; resident surgeon 1799-1813, and visiting surgeon, 1813-41, of Steevens's Hospital, Dublin; professor of anatomy and surgery, 1804-36; an able operator; discoverer of Colles's fracture of the radius; published surgical treatises.

[373] John Collet (1725?–1780), painter; exhibited, chiefly humorous pieces, 1721-80; his pictures pleasing to the popular taste and often engraved.

[374] John Colleton (1548–1635), Roman catholic divine; educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, 1565, Louvain, and, 1576, Douay; priest on the English mission, 1576; prisoner in the Tower, 1581-4; exiled, 1684; returned to England, 1587; laboured in London and Kent; imprisoned, 1610; dean and vicar-general, 1623-6; urged the pope to sanction Prince Charles's marriage with Henrietta Maria, 1624; published polemical tracts.

[375] Sir George Pomeroy Collet (1835–1881), major-general; an Irishman; educated at Sandhurst; ensign, 1852; border magistrate and surveyor in Cape Colony, 1857; captain, 1860; served in China; brevetmajor, 1863; professor at the Staff College, Sandhurst; lieutenant-colonel in Ashanti campaign, 1873; visited Natal and the Transvaal, 1875; secretary to the viceroy of India, 1876; chief of staff in Zulu war, 1879; K.O.S.I., 1879; major-general and governor of Natal, 1880; defeated by the Boers at Laing's Nek, January 1881; defeated and killed at Majuba Hill, 26 February 1881.

[376] John Collet (. 1440), theological writer ; Carmelite friar of Doncnster.

[377] Samuel Colliber (fl. 1718–1737), author ot Columna Rostrata a history of recent Dutch naval wars, 1727, and of theological tracts.

[378] Arthur Collier (1680–1732), metaphysician ; of Balliol College, Oxford, 1698; rector of Langford Magna, Wiltshire, 1704-32; publishedClavis Universalis 1713, a metaphysical treatise, anticipating Berkeley's views, 'A Specimen of True Philosophy 1730, andLogology 1732; wrote inMist's Journal against Bishop Hoadly'a opinions, 1719.

[379] Sir Francis Augustus Collier (1783?-1849), rear-admiral; second son of Sir George Collier; entered navy, 1794; lieutenant, 1803; sent against Arab pirates in the Persian Gulf, 1819-20; rear-admiral, 1846.

[380] Sir George Collier (1738–1795), vice-admiral: entered navy, 1751; commander, 1761; visited Paris and Brussels, 1773; knighted, 1775; senior officer at Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1776-9; inflicted great damage on American shipping, 1779; commanded ship at the relief of Gibraltar and captured Spanish frigate, 1781; M.P., Houiton, 1784; rear-admiral, 1793; vice-admiral, 1794.

[381] Giles Collier (1622–1678), author of sabbatical tracts; entered New Inn Hall, Oxford, 1638; MA., 1648; took the covenant, 1648; vicar of Blockley, Worcestershire, c. 1648 till death.

[382] Jeremy Collier (1650–1726), nonjuror ; educated at Ipswich and from 1669 at Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1676; rector of Ampton, Suffolk, 1679-86; lecturer of Gray's Inn, London, 1685; published sermons, 1686-7, numerous pamphlets against William III, 1688-93, and essuya, 1694-7; publicly absolved on the scaffold two of those executed for the assassination plot, 1696; outlawed, but unmolested: published Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage 1698, Cd re joinders to those who replied 1699-1708; minister of u London nonjuring congregation; published an Hidcal Dictionary adapted from Louis Moreri, 1705-21, bU learned Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain i-ll; was ordained a nonjuring bishop, 1713; orlined nonjuriug bishop.*, 1716 and 1722; introduced a 9V (Romanising) communion office, and produced a among the nonjurore, 1718.

[383] Joel Collier (18th cent.), musician; pseudonym of George Veal.; tenor-player at the Italian opera; slishedMusical Travels in England 1774, satirising Burney,(1726-1814), andJoel Collier iivivus 1818, satirising Jean-Baptiste Logier.

[384] John Collier , 'Tim Bobbin' (1708–1786), author and painter; usher (1729) and master (1739-86) of Milnrow school, near Rochdale; painted grotesque figures for tap-room walls; published twenty-six grotesque engravings, 1772-3; under the nameTim Bobbin published satirical pieces in the Lancashire dialect, 1739-71, and two squibs directed against John Whitaker'sHistory of Maii.-liuster 1771-3.

[385] John Payne Collier (1789–1883), Shakespearean critic: brought up at Leeds; reporter to Times London, iwiuI: barrister, Middle Temple, 1829; F.S.A., 1830; published anonymously satirical Criticisms on the Bar 1819; onMorning Chroniclestaff, 1821-47; published Poetical Decameron 1820, showing much knowledge of less-known Elizabethan poets; edited Old Plays supplementing those in Dodsley'scollection, 1826-7, 1833, and 186 1; forged ballads; falsified documents belonging to Dulwich College, the public records, and the Egerton (Bridgewater House) collection; published a History of English Dramatic Poetry 1831, and Facts and Particulars concerning Shakespeare, 1836-6 and 1839, largely utilising his forgeries; librarian to, and pensioner of, the Duke of Devonshire: edited papers for the Oainden Society, 1838-63, the Percy Society, 1840-4, and the Shakespeare Society, 1841-61; secretary to the British Museum commission, 1847-60; edited Roxburghe Ballads 1847, Registers of the Stationers Company 1848-9, and Thomas Hey wood's works, 1860-1; received a civil list pension, 1860; forged marginal corrections in a first folio of Shakespeare the Egerton folio before 1841, and in a second folio the Perkins folio) before 1852; brought out annotated editions of Shakespeare, 1842-4, 1858, and 1876-8, and a text of Shakespeare, 1853, based on these forgeries; published what he alleged to be Coleridge's (1811) lectures on Shakespeare, 1866; his Shakespeare forgeries exposed, 1859-61; edited Edmund Spenser's works, 1862; reprinted privately old pieces in prose and verse, 1863-71: published notes on rare English books, 1865; wrote also original verse and an autobiographical fragment.

[386] Robert Porrett Collier , first Baron Monkswell (1817–1886), judge; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1843: a liberal in politics; barrister, Inner Temple, 1843; went on the western circuit; secured pardon of Brazilian pirates, 1846; recorder of Penzance; M.P., Plymouth, 1852-71; counsel to the admiralty, 1859; solicitor-general, 1863-6; attorney-general, 1868-71; made justice of common pleas, 1871, to qualify for the judicial committee of the privy council; created Baron Monkswell, 1886; landscape painter; published law treatises.

[387] Thomas Collier (fl. 1691), baptist ; owned land in Godalming, 1634; baptist preacher in Guernsey, in Yorkshire, 1646, and in the south and west of England; published polemical tracts, 1645-91.

[388] Catherine Collignon (1766–1832), translator of Jean-Baptiste Ladvocat's Historical Dictionary 1792; daughter of Charles Collignon; benefactor of Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.

[389] Charles Collignon (1725–1786), physician; M.B. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1749; M.D., 1764; professor of anatomy, Cambridge, 1753-86; his Miscellaneous Writings published, 1786.

[390] Charles Colling (1751–1836), stockbreeder; occupied farm at Ketton, near Darlington, from 1782; greatly improved the breed of shorthorn cattle on the Tees and Skerne, and produced many celebrated animals, including the bull Hubback

[391] Robert Colling (1749–1820), stockbreeder; brother of Charles Colling: occupied farm at Barmpton, where he became a noted breeder of shorthorns.

[392] John Collinges (1623–1690), presbyterian ; educated at Cambridge; presbyterian chaplain at Bures, Essex, 1645; intruded vicar of St. Saviour's, 1646-53, and of St. Stephen's, Norwich, 1653-60; D.D.; published controversial tracts, 1651-8, sermons and devotional tracts, 1650-2 and 1075-81; contributor to Matthew Poole's bible.

[393] Peter Bernardine Collingridge (1757–1829), Roman catholic prelate; born in Oxfordshire; Franciscan friar at Douay, 1770; president of Baddesley College, Birmingham, 1791; stationed in London; provincial, 1806; D.D.; titular bishop of Thespiw and coadjutor of the western district, 1807.

[394] Samuel Collings (ft. 1780–1790?), painter and caricaturist; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1784-9; designed caricatures engraved by Thomas Rowlandson; wrote verses.

[395] John Collington (1548–1635).

[396] Cuthbert Collingwood , first Baron Collingwood (1750–1810), vice-admiral ; served on home stations, 1761-74; served at Bunker's Hill, 1776; lieutenant, 1775; served in West Indies, 1776-81, 1783-6, 1790-1; censured for petulance, 1777; lieutenant in Nelson's ship, 1778; wrecked 1781; commanded ship in battle of 1 June, 1794, and in the Mediterranean, 1795-7; did good service at Cape St. Vincent, 1797; blockaded Cadiz, 1797-8; rearadmiral, 1799; blockaded Brest, 1799-1805; vice-admiral, 1804; cruised off Cadiz, 1805; took command on Nelson's death at Trafalgar, October 1805; lost many of the prizes through neglecting Nelson's last order; raised to the peerage and pensioned; cruised off Spain, 1806-7: sent to the Dardanelles, 1807; cruised off Sicily, 1807-8; culpably missed a chance of destroying the Toulon fleet, 1808; blockaded Toulon, 1808-10; died at sea; buried in St. Paul's.

[397] George Collingwood (d. 1716), Jacobite ; taken prisoner at Preston, executed at Liverpool.

[398] Roger Collingwood (. 1513), mathematician; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1497-1510; M.A., 1499; travelled, 1507-10; proctor, 1513.

[399] Anthony Collins (1676–1729), deist ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; friend of John Locke, 1703-4; published political tracts, 1707-10; attacked the first clause authority in controversies of faith) of the twentieth Article of Religion, 1709 and 1724; visited Holland, 1711 and 1713; published hisDiscourse of Freethinking 1713; ridiculed by Bentley and Swift; published Enquiry Concerning Human Liberty 1715, The Grounds of the Christian Religion 1724, and Literal Scheme of Prophecy 1726.

[400] Arthur Collins (1690?–1760), author of the Peerage; bookseller in London; published his Peerage of England one volume, 1709 (fourth edition, 1717), and 'Baronetage of England two volumes, 1720; revised issue of the Peerage three volumes, 1735 (second edition, 1741; supplement, 1750); pensioned; enlarged edition of the Peerage six volumes, 1756; published histories of noble families, 1732-56; the definitive edition of Collins'a Peerage by Sir Egerton Brydges (nine volumes), appeared in 1812, and that of the Baronetage (five volumes), by Wotton, in 1741.

[401] Charles Allston Collins (1828–1873), painter and author; son of William Collins (1788-1847); a pre-Raphaelite; exhibited at the Royal Academy; published essays and novels.

[402] Charles James Collins (1820–1864), sporting journalist in London; published burlesques ami novels.

[403] David Collins (1766–1810), colonial governor; lieutenant of marines, 1770; served at Bunker's Hill, 1776, and at the relief of Gibraltar, 1782; secretary with Arthur Phillip at Botany Bay, 1787-96; published Account of ... New South Wales 1798-1802; governor of Tasmania, 1804-10.

[404] Greenvile Collins (fl. 1679–1693), hydrographer: director of the coast survey of Great Britain, 1681-8; published Great Britain's Coasting Pilot 1693.

[405] Hercules Collins ( d. 1702), baptist minister at Wapping: published sermons and controversial tracts, 1680-96.

[406] John Collins (L 1634), physician ; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1598; M.D., 1608: fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1613; regius professor .of medicine, Cambridge, 1026-34.

[407] John Collins (1625–1683), mathematician; bookseller's apprentice in Oxford; clerk in Prince Charles's kitchen: served at sea off Crete. 1642-9; mathematical teacher in London; published mathematical treatises, 1652-9; government clerk, 1660-72: F.R.S., 1667; published pamphlets on trade, 1680-2; his large scientific correspondence partly printed, 1712.

[408] John Collins (1632?–1687), congregational minister: taken as a boy to America; fellow of Harvard, c. 1649; chaplain in Monck's army, 1659-60: congregational minister in London; published sermons.

[409] John Collins (1725?–1759?), painter of Italian landscapes; scene-painter to various London theatres.

[410] John Collins (1741–1797), Shakespearean scholar ; educated at Eton and from 1759 at Queen's College, Oxford: B.C.L., 1766; curate of Ledbury, Herefordshire; defended Edward Capell against George Steevens, 1777; edited Capell'sNoteson Shakespeare, 1781; became imbecile; died in penury.

[411] John Collins (d. 1807), colonel: nicknamed 'King Collins; cadet in the Bengal army, 1769; major, 1794; lieutenant-colonel, 1796; resident at the court of Daulat Rao Sindhia, 1795-1803: envoy to Jeypore, 1799: resident at the Nawab of Oudh's court, Lncknow, 1804-7.

[412] John Collins (d. 1808), actor and poet; son of a tailor at Bath; a staymaker; went on the stage at Bath: acted at Dublin, 1764; gave a popular vocal and anecdotal entertainment in London and the provinces, 17751793; published Scripscrapologia (verses), 1804, and contributed verses to the Birmingham Chronicle

[413] Mortimer Collins (1827–1876), man of letters ; son of a Plymouth solicitor; mathematical master in Guernsey, 1850-6; published verses, 1855 and 1860: wrote for periodicals: settled in Berkshire, 1862; published humorous novels, political squibs, essays.

[414] Richard Collins (d. 1732), draughtsman of the Spalding Society; pupil of Michael Dahl

[415] Richard Collins (1755–1831), miniature painter in London; pupil of Jeremiah Meyer; exhibited, 1777-1818; retired to Pershore, Worcestershire, 1811; returned to London, 1828.

[416] Samuel Collins (1576–1651), divine; born and educated at Eton; scholar of King's College, Cambridge, 1691; M.A., 1599; D.D., 1613; chaplain to archbishops Bancroft and Abbot; rector of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire (ejected 1643); sinecure rector of Milton, Cambridgeshire; provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1615; regius professor of divinity, Cambridge, 1617-51; prebendary of Ely, 1618; ejected by puritans from provostship, 1645; published pamphlets against Bellarmine.

[417] Samuel Collins (1619–1670), author of the Present State of Russia (published 1671): entered Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1635; M.D. Padua, 1651; incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1659; physician to the Czar of Russia at Moscow, 1660-9; died at Paris.

[418] Samuel Collins (1617–1686), physician; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1637; B.A., 1638; studied medicine at Leyden: M.D. Cambridge, 1648; intruded fellow of New College, Oxford, and incorporated as M.D., 1650; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1651; practised in London.

[419] Samuel Collins (1618–1710), comparative anatomist; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1642: travelled; M.D. Padua, 1654: incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1659, and at Cambridge, 1673; fellow of the London College of Physicians, 1668, and president, 1695; practised in London; published A Systeme of Anatomy 1685.

[420] Samuel Collins (fl. 1760–1780), miniature-painter.

[421] Samuel Collins (1802–1878), the bard of Hale Moss; a Lancashire weaver and radical politician; publishedn Miscellaneous Poems partly in the Lancashire dialect.

[422] Thomas Collins (fl. 1615), author of The Penitent Publican, a devotional poem, 1610, and The Teares of Love, a pastoral, 1615.

[423] William Collins (1721–1759), poet; son of a Chichester hatter; educated at Winchester; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1741: B.A., 1743; published verses in theGentleman's Magazine 1739; published his Persian Eclogues 1742, and his Odes which take a very high rank among English lyrics, 1747; contributed some odes to Dodsley's Museum 1749; became imbecile; affectionately cared for by his sister; his collected works first published, 1766.

[424] William Collins (d. 1793), modeller of bas reliefs for chimney-pieces and reredoses; exhibited at the Incorporated Society of Artists, 1760-8.

[425] William Collins (1788–1847), landscape, portrait, and figure painter; exhibited, 1807-46; also etched: his paintings very popular, and many of them engraved; R.A., 1820.

[426] William Lucas Collins (1817–1887), miscellaneous writer: M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1841; vicar of Kilsby, 1867-73, and rector of Lowick, Northamptonshire, 1873-87; wrote popular monographs on great writers.

[427] William Wilkie Collins ( 1824–1889), novelist; son of William Collins (1788-1847); articled to a firm of tea merchants in London; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1846, and was called to the bar, 1851: published Antonina 1850, and Rambles beyond Railways 1851; soon adopted the profession of literature: made acquaintance of Dickens; contributed toHousehold Wordsand the Holly Tree from 1855: collaborated with Dickens in Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices and * Perils of certain English Prisoners 1857; contributed The Woman in White to All the Year Round 1860, and subsequently issued serial stories in this and other magazines, including 'Cornhill and Temple Bar; joined Dickens in writing No Thoroughfare 1867; gave public readings in United States, 1873-4. His works includeThe Dead Secret 1857,Armadale 1866,Moonstone 1868,The Two Destinies 1876, and several plays.

[428] James Collinson (1825?–1881), painter; one of the pre-Raphaelites; embraced Roman Catholicism; exhibited at various institutions, 1847-80; wrote verse.

[429] John Collinson (1757?–1793), county historian; vicar of Clanfield, Oxfordshire; vicar of Long Ashton, Somerset, 1787-93; published Beauties of British Antiquities 1779, and History... of Somerset 1791.

[430] Peter Collinson (1694–1768), naturalist and antiquary; born near Windermere: a North American merchant; F.S.A.; F.R.S., 1728; correspondent of Benjamin Franklin; studied plants and insects; contributed to scientific journals.

[431] Sir Richard Collinson (1811–1883), admiral: entered the navy, 1823; employed on survey work on the South American coast, 1828, and in the China seas, 1840-6: captain, 1842; went through Behring Straits in search of Sir John Franklin, 1850-4; rear-admiral, 1862; admiral and K.O.B., 1876; wrote geographical papers,

[432] Septimus Collinson (1739–1827), provost of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1767; D.D., 1793: rector of Dowlish, Somerset, 1778, and of Holwell, Dorset, 1794; provost of Queen's College, 1796, and Lady Margaret professor of divinity, Oxford, 1798-1827.

[433] John Day Collis (1816–1879), author of classical school-books; educated at Rupby, 1832-4; fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, 1839-47: M.A., 1841: D.D., 1860; head-master of Bromsgrove school, 1842-67: vicar of Stratford-on-Avon, 1867-79.

[434] John Collop (ft. 1660), royalist writer; M.D. ; published Poesis Rediviva 1666, being verses against the sectaries, a plea for religious toleration eutitled 'Medici Catholicon 1656, andItur (sic) Satyricum 1660, verses welcoming the Restoration.

[435] Joseph Collyer , the elder (d. 1776), compiler and translator: published History of England 1774-5.

[436] Joseph Collyer , the younger (1748–1827), engraver: son of Joseph Collyer the elder; engraved chiefly ort rait-; a book illustrator: exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1770-1822.

[437] Mary Collyer (d. 1763), authoress; nee Mitchell; wife of Joseph Collyer the elder; translated Gesner (1761) and Klopstock.

[438] William Bengo Collyer (1782–1854), congregational minister; educated at Homertou College, 1798; minister at Peckham, 1800-54; D.D. Edinburgh, 180; preacher at Salters' Hall Chapel, 1813; published sermons, hymns, and tracts.

[439] Colman of cloyne, Saint (522–600), known as MacLenin; commemorated on 24 Nov.; bard to the king of Cashel; converted to Christianity and named Colman (Columbanns); taught by St. Jarlath of Tuam; missionary in east Cork; settled at Oloyne.

[440] Ela Colman or Elo, Saint (553–610), son of Beogna and Mor, sister of St. Columba; commemorated on 26 Sept.; born at Qlenelly, Tyrone; ordained presbyter at Hy (lona); founded Muckamore Abbey, Antrim, and Laud-Elo (now Lyually), King's County; visited lona.

[441] Saint Colman (d. 676), bishop of Lindisfarne; commemorated on 8 Aug. in Ireland, and on 18 Feb. in Scotland; born in Mayo; monk at lona; bishop of Lindisfarue, 661; unsuccessfully defended Celtic usages against Wilfrith and the Roman party, 664; withdrew to lona, and thence (668) to Inishboftn island, Mayo.

[442] George Colman , the elder (1732–1794), dramatist ; born in Florence, where hifl father (d. 1733) was British envoy; nephew of William Pulteney, afterwards (1742) Earl of Bath: educated at Westminster; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1751: M.A., 1758; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1755; went on the Oxford circuit, 1759; joint-editor of The Connoisseur 1754-6; friend of David Garrick, 1758; successfully brought out a farce, his first dramatic piece, 1760; made his mark withThe Jealous Wife 1761; between 1762 and 1789 wrote or adapted some thirty dramatic pieces; inherited 945J. a year from the Earl of Bath, 1764; translated Terence, 1765; manager of Covent Garden Theatre, 1767-74; manager of Havmarket Theatre, 1777-89; edited Beaumont and Fletcher, 1778; translated Horace's Art of Poetry 1783; published miscellaneous essays, 1787; became insane.

[443] George Colman , the younger (1762–1836), dramatist; son of George Colman the elder; entered Westminster School, 1772, Christ Church, Oxford, 1779, and Aberdeen University, 1781; sent to London his first dramatic piece, 1782; returned to London; between 1784 and 1822 wrote or adapted some twenty-five dramatic pieces, the best known being The Heir at Law a comedy, 1797, andJohn Bull a comedy, 1803; manager of Haymarket Theatre, 1789-1813; published coarse comic poems, 1797-1820; showed great scrupulosity as examiner of plays, 1824-36; involved in litigation and debt; osed sometimes the pseudonym of Arthur Griffinhoofe; published Random Records an autobiography, 1830.

[444] Walter Colman (d. 1645), poet; educated at Douay; an Observant friar; priest on the English mission; Imprisoned, 1641-5; published, c. 1632,La Dance Machabre

[445] Dominic Paul Colnaghi (1790–1879), print dealer; son of Paul Colnaghi; chief partner in firm of Coluaghi i Co., London, 1833-65; collected ancient armour.

[446] Paul Colnaghi or Colnago (1751–1833), print dealer; born in Milan; Paris agent of Signer Torre, print dealer, of London; partner of Colnaghi & Co.; a naturali.-wl Englishman.

[447] Philip Howard Colomb (1831–1899), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1846; served in Burmese war, 1852; lieutenant, 1852; flag-lieutenant to Sir Thomas SaMiie Pasley, 1857, and later to (Sir) Thomas Matthew Charles Symonds: made reports to admiralty on day and night signals, and devised night system known as Colomb's Flashing Signals 1858; commander, 1863; post-captain, 1870; rear-admiral, 1887; vice-admiral, 1892; published numerous writings on naval and other subjects.

[448] Paul Colomiès or Colomesius (1638–1692), librarian; son of a physician at La Rochelle: educated at Saumur and Paris; visited Isaac Vossius in Holland, 1665; resided at La Rochelle, 1665-81; reader in Peter Allix's church; rector of Eynesford, Kent, 1687; naturalised, 1688; gave up librarianship of Lambeth Library, 1690; compiled Gallia Orientalis, a bibliography of French orientalists, 1665; published epigrams, collections of 'ana', historical tracts, and theological pieces, 1668-90; his Italia et Hispania Orientalis published 1730.

[449] Adam de Colonia (1634–1685), painter ; son of Adam Louisz de Colonia, a Rotterdam painter; painted cattle-pieces, village wakes, and conflagrations by night; etched; made copies of Bassano's pictures; settled in England; died in London.

[450] Lord Colonsay (1793–1874). See Duncan MacNeill.

[451] John de Coloribus (. 1525), Dominican friar; a foreigner; D.D. Oxford, 1517; a protege of Wolsey: lectured at Oxford on theology; member of Wolsey'a Oxford college, 1525.

[452] Sir John Colpoys (1742?–1821), admiral ; entered navy, 1766; served in West Indies, 1758-62, and in East Indies, 1770-4; aptaiii, 1773; commanded ship in West Indies, and in the Mediterranean, 1776-93; rear-admiral, 1794; on board the London at the mutiny at Spithead, 15 April 1797, and at St. Helens, 7 May; ordered by the admiralty to submit to the mutineers, 14 May; K.B., 1798; admiral, 1801; commander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1803; a lord of the admiralty, 1804; treasurer, 1806, and governor, 1816-21, of Greenwich Hospital.

[453] Archibald Campbell-Colquhoun (d. 1820), lord clerk register; son of John Campbell of Clatbick; took the name Colquhoun, 1804, on inheriting Killermont, Dumbartonshire; advocate, 1768; M.P., 1810-20: lord advocate, 1807-16; lord clerk register, 1816-20.

[454] Lady Janet Colquhoun (1781–1846), author of anonymous religious tracts (1822-39); nee Sinclair: married, 1799, James Colquhoun, afterwards (1805) third baronet, of Luss, Dumbartonshire.

[455] John Colquhoun (1748 - 1827), theological writer; a Dumbartonshire shepherd: D.D.; studied at Glasgow; minister in South Leith, 1781-1827; published devotional tracts, 1813-18.

[456] John Colquhoun (1805–1885), writer on sport ; son of Janet, lady Colquhoun; educated at Edinburgh; army officer in Connaught, 1828; published The Moor and the Loch 1840, and similar works, 1849-74. (1785-1854),

[457] John Campbell Colquhoun, writer on psychical research; younger son of the second baronet of Luss: educated at Gbttingen; advocate at Scottish bar; sheriff -depute of Dumbartonshire, 1815-54; wrote on animal magnetism 1833; translated part of Kant, 1806, and Wienholt's Somnambulism 1845.

[458] John Campbell Colquhoun (1803–1870), miscellaneous writer; eldest son of Archibald Campbell Colquhoun; educated at Edinburgh; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1823; M.P., 1832-47; published biographies and political and religious pamphlets.

[459] Patrick Colquhoun (1745–1820), metropolitan police magistrate (1792-1818): merchant in Virginia, and, 1766-89, in Glasgow; removed to London, 1789; hon. LL.D. Glasgow, 1797; published pamphlets on trade, liquor traffic, poor relief, and police questions,

[460] Sir Patrick Macchombaich Colquhoun (1815-1891), diplomatist, author, and oarsman; educated at Westminster and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., I 1844; LL.D., 1851; honorary fellow, 1886; called to bar at Inner Temple. 1838: bencher, 1869, treasurer, 1888; Q.O., 1868; plenipotentiary to Hanse towns, 1840; aulic coun- ! cillor to king of Saxony, 1867; member of supreme court of justice in Ionian islands, 1858; knighted and appointed chief- justice of the court, 1861; secretary of the Leander boat club; published legal and other writings.

[461] John Colson (1680–1760), mathematician; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1699; mathematical master at Rochester; F.R.S., 1713; vicar of Chalk, Kent, 17241740 M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1728; Lucasian professor of mathematics, 1739; rector of Lockington, Yorkshire; published mathematical treatises and translations, 1726-52.

[462] Lancelot Colson (fl. 1668), or OOKLSON, astrologer, of London; published almanacks, 1660-80; and a treatise on alchemy, Philosophia Maturata 1668.

[463] Edward Colston (1636–1721), philanthropist; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; resided in Bristol, trading with the West Indies, 1683; resided at Mortlake, Surrey, 1689-1721; M.P., Bristol, 1710-13; founded and endowed almshousea and schools at Bristol, 1690-1712; founded school at Mortlake and an almshouse at Sheen; benefactor of poor benefices in England and of London hospitals: commemorated by the Colston banquets in Bristol.

[464] John Colt (fl. 1618), sculptor ; probably son of Maximilian Colt

[465] Colt or Coult, aliat Poultrain or Powtran (fl. 1600–1618), sculptor; native of Arras ; carved monuments in Westminster Abbey, 1605-8; master carver to James I, 1608; carved the decorations of court barges, 1611-24; prisoner in the Fleet, 1641.

[466] Charles Caleb Colton (1780?–1832), author of Lacon (1820-2), two volumes of aphorisms; educated at Eton; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1804; nonresident rector of Prior's Portion, Tiverton, 1801, and vicar of Kew and Petersham, Surrey, 1818-28; wine merchant in London; bankrupt; withdrew to America: committed suicide; published satires, verses, essays, and sermons, 1809-22.

[467] John Colton (d. 1404), archbishop of Armagh ; master of Gonville College, Cambridge, and doctor of canon law, 1348; rector of Terrington, Norfolk, 1350; prebendary of York; official in Ireland, raising troops against the natives, 1372; treasurer of Ireland, 1374 and 1381 dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1374-82; chancellor of Ireland, 1379-1381; lord justice, 1381; archbishop of Armagh, 1382.

[468] Columba otherwise Columcille or Columbanus, Saint (521–597), commemorated on 9 June ; son of Feldilmid, an Ulster chief; born at Gartan, Donegal; a pupil of St. Finnian; reclose at Glasnevin, near Dublin; built churches at Derry and other places; went to Scotland, 663; founded the monastery of Hy (lona) and preached to the Picts; received Aidan into his community, 674; visited Ireland, 575 and 585; his reliques translated to Ireland, 878, and destroyed by the Danes, 1127; several books believed to liave been written by him long venerated in Ireland; his life written by Adamnan

[469] Saint Columban (543–615), abbot of Luxeuil; commemorated on 21 Nov.; born in Leinster; recluse at Lough Erne; wrote religious verses; monk under St. Comgall at Bangor, co. Down; resided in Burgundy, 585-610; built monasteries at Anegray and (590) Luxeuil, Haute-SaOne, for which he drew up a monastic 4 rule afterwards common in France, till replaced by that of St. Benedict; quarrelled with the Frank bishops about Easter and the tonsure; expelled from Burgundy by Theodorik II, 610; befriended by Hlothair II of Soissons, and by Theodebert II of Metz, 611; preached to the heathen Alemanni and Suevi; settled at Bregenz in the Tyrol; founded the monastery of Bobbio, Piedmont, 613, and died there; his reputed writings edited by Patrick Fleming in 1621.

[470] George Colvile or Coldewel (fl. 1566), translator of Boethius de Consolatione 1556.

[471] Sir James William Colvile (1810–1880), judge ; of Craigflower, Fifeshire; educated at Eton; M.A. Trinity College, CamtVidge, 1834; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1835; advocate-general at Calcutta, 1845; justice, 1848, and chief-justice, 1855-9, of Bengal; knighted, 1848; member of the judicial committee of the privy council, 1869-80.

[472] Alexander Colvill or Colville (1700–1777), Irish presbyterian minister; M.A. Edinburgh, 1715; studied medicine; licensed by presbytery of Cupar-Kife, 1722; refused ordination by presbytery of Armagh to the presbyterian pastorate of Dromore, 1724-5, for refusing subscription to Westminster Confession; ordained by presbytery of Dublin; joined himself and his followers to the expelled presbytery of Antrim, 1730; M.D.; raised troops for the government, 1745; published pamphlets and sermons.

[473] Alexander Colville (1530?–1697), Scottish judge; granted Culross Abbey, 1567; opponent of Mary Queen of Scots; a lord of session, 1575-87 and 1587-97; served on various public commissions, 1578-92.

[474] Alexander Colville (1620–1676), Scottish episcopalian; educated at Edinburgh; incumbent of Dysart, Fifeshire; professor at Sedan, France; died in Edinburgh; published pamphlets and verses against the presbyterians.

[475] Sir Charles Colville (1770–1843), general; ensign, 1781; lieutenant-colonel, 1796; served in West Indies, 1791-7, against the Irish rebels, 1798, in Egypt, 1801, and against Martinique, 1809; commanded brigade, and afterwards division, in the Peninsula, 1810-14, and division in Belgium, 1815; K.C.B., 1815; lieutenant-general, 1819; commander-in-chief at Bombay, 1819-25; governor of Mauritius, 1828-34; general, 1837.

[476] Elizabeth Colville, Lady Colville of Culros (fl. 1603), poetess; nee Melville ; wife of John Colville of Wester Cumbrae, who in 1640 became entitled to the barony of Colville of Culros. but never claimed it; reputed authoress of a religious poem, Ane Godlie Dreame... be M.M. 1603, founded on a traditional 'Lady of Culross's Dream'.

[477] Sir James Colville (d. 1540?), diplomatist; of Easter Wemyss; sat in the Scottish parliament, 1525-36: comptroller of Scotland, 1625-38: exchanged ancestral estate of Ochiltree for Easter Wemyss, 1629; knighted and made a lord of session, 1632; commissioner to England, 1533-4; charged with treason, 1539; withdrew to England; his estates forfeited, 1541, but restored, 1543.

[478] John Colville (1542?–1605), Scottish politician; of Cleish, Kinross-shire; M.A. St. Andrews, 1561; nonresident minister of Kilbride, Lanarkshire, 1567, of Oarmunnock, Lanarkshire, and of Eaglesham, Renfrewshire; chanter of Glasgow, 1569; master of requests, 1578; spy for Queen Elizabeth in Scotland; attached himself to the Gowrie faction J681; published justification of the 4 raid of Ruthven 1682; envoy to England. imprisoned, 1583, and expelled from his offices by parliament; restored, 1586; a lord of session, 1587, at once resigning; sat in the Scottish parliament. 1587; joined the Earl of Bethwell's faction, 1591; outlawed, 1593; pardoned on betraying his associates; renounced protestantism; visited Rome: died in Paris; published his Palinod 1600, an acknowledgment of James VI's title, and his 4 Paraenesis 1601, a justification of his conversion, and Latin verses and orations; some of his letters printed, 1858.

[479] William Colville or Colvill (d. 1676), Scottish divine; of Cleish, Kinross-shire; M.A. St. Andrews, 1617; minister in Edinburgh, 1635-48; envoy to France, but taken prisoner by Charles 1, 1640; deposed, 1649, for favouring the engagement; minister at Utrecht; elected principal of Edinburgh University, 1652, but removed by Cromwell, 1663; minister of Perth, 1664; principal of Edinburgh University, 1662-75; published sermons.

[480] John Russell Colvin (1807–1857), Indian official; in the East India Company's service in Bengal, 1826-35; private secretary to the governor-general, 1836-42; resi dent of Nepaul, 1845: commissioner in Tenasserim, 1846; member of the Sudder revenue court, 1849; lieutenant-governor of the north-west provinces, 1853; died at Agra.

[481] Daniel Colwall (d. 1690), citizen of London ; F.R.S., l:i,;ni'l treasurer, 1C65-79: inaugurated the society's museum, 1666; benefactor of Christ's Hospital.

[482] Sir David Colyear , first Earl of Portmore (d. 1730), a scion of the Robertsons of Strowan, Perth; entered dutch service, 1674; served under William III in Ireland (1689-90) and Flanders; married the Counter of Dorchester, mistress of James II; created Baron Portmore, 1699; major-general, 1702; created Earl of I'oi unore. 1703; served in Ormonde's futile expeditions to Spain, 1702, and Flanders, 1712; general, 1711; nongovernor of Gibraltar, 1713-30.

[483] Thomas Colyngham (fl. 1387), Cistercian monk; graduate of Paris; theological writer.

[484] Andrew Combe (1797–1847), physiologist and phrenologist; of a sickly constitution; qualified as a surgeon, 1817; studied anatomy in Paris, 1817; disciple of Johann Gaspar Spurzheim, 1818; practised medicine in Edinburgh, 1823-32, 1836-40; M.D. Edinburgh, 1825; contributed to medical journals; published popular health treatises, 1831-40; joined the Phrenological Society, 1820, and contributed to thePhrenological Journal 1823-46.

[485] Charles Combe (1743–1817), numismatist; son of a London apothecary; educated at Harrow; apothecary in London, 1768; F.S.A., 1771; helped William Hunter to collect coins from 1773; F.R.S., 1776; one of Hunter's trustees, 1783; M.D. Glasgow, 1783; accoucheur in London, 1784-1817: publishedIndex nummorum omnium Imperatorum, Augnstorum et Caesarum 1773, a catalogue of some coins in Hunter's collection, 1782, and other numismatical tracts; edited Horace, 1792-3.

[486] George Combe (1788–1858), phrenologist ; son of an Edinburgh brewer; educated in Edinburgh; a lawyer's apprentice, 1804; writer to the signet, 1812; became a disciple of Spurzheim; retired from business, 1836; wrote in defence of phrenology, 1818-19; founded the Phrenological Society. 1820, and the Phrenological Journal 1823; lectured on phrenology in Edinburgh from 1822; published Elements of Phrenology 1824, and Essay on the Constitution of Man 1828; lectured in America, 1838-40, and Germany, 1842; published pamphlets on education and social ethics.

[487] Taylor Combe (1774–1826), numismatist; son of Charles Combe: educated at Harrow and, 1791, Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1798; F.S.A., 1796; keeper of coins, 1803, and of antiquities, 1807-26, in the British Museum; F.R.S., 1806; published catalogues of Museum coins and antique marbles, 1814-26; contributed to 'Archaeologia

[488] Thomas Combe (1797–1872), printer; son of a Leicestershire bookseller; connected with the Clarendon press, Oxford, from 1837; a leading benefactor of the church in Oxford.

[489] William Combe (1741–1823), author of 'Doctor Syntax; educated at Eton; eaid to have been at Oxford, . J760; travelled in France and Italy; lived extravagantly in London and (1768) in Bristol; nicknamed 'Count Combe'; withdrew to France, hopelessly in debt; returned to London; roamed about in the liberties of the Fleet, c. 1772 till death: compiled and translated travels and histories for the booksellers, 1774-1821; made a hit by The Diaboliad a satire on Simon, lord Irnlmm, 1776; issued similar metrical satires, 1777-84: published supposititious Letters 1777-85; published novels, 17841790; published political pamphlets, 1789-92, and was pensioned by Pitt, 1789-1806, as a government, writer; wrote letterpress for Boydell'sRiver Thames 1794-6, for Ackermann'sThames 1811,Westminster Abbey 1812,Oxford 1814, Cambridge 1815, and other illustrated works: contributed to the Times 1803-9; wrote letterpress for Thomas Rowlaudson's third volume of 'The Microcosm of London 1810, for his three Tours of Dr. Syntax 1812, 1820, and 1821, for hisDance of Death 1815-16, and Dance of Life," 1816, and for his Johnny Quae Genus 1822.

[490] Thomas Comber (1575–1654), dean of Carlisle; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1593; fellow, 1697; M.A., 1598; visited France; chaplain to James I: rector of Worplesdon, Surrey, 1615; D.D.; dean of Carlisle, 1629; master of Trinity, Cambridge, 1631; ejected by the parliament.

[491] Thomas Comber (1645–1699), dean of Durham; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1663: M.A., 1666; rector of Stonegrave, Yorkshire, 1669; prebendary, 1677, and precentor, 1683, of York; D.D.; dean of Durham, 1691; published Companion to the Temple 1672-1676, and other treatises expository of the liturgy, 1675-1696, anti-Romanist treatises, 1673-95, and pamphlets in favour of William III, 1689-92.

[492] Nicholas Comberford , Comerford, or Quemerford, Nicholas (1544?-1599), Jesuit; born at Waterford; B.A. Oxford, 1563; went to Louvain; D.D., 1575; joined the Jesuits, 1578; published controversial tracts.

[493] Viscount Combermere. See Stapleton Cotton–1773–1865.

[494] John Comerford (1762?–1832?), miniature painter in Dublin; exhibited in London, 1804-9.

[495] Saint Comgall (6th cent.), Latinised as Faustus; commemorated on 10 May; native of Antrim: a soldier; pupil of SS. Finuiau and Ciaran; missionary priest; recluse on Lough Erne; founded Baugor Abbey, co. Down, c. 558, and other monasteries; friend of St. Columba; author of a monastic rule copied by his pupil St. Oolumban

[496] Robert de Comin, Comines, or Cumin, Earl of Northumberland (d. 1069), accompanied William the Conqueror to England; created Earl of Northumberland, and deputed to reduce the north of England, 1068; killed in a tumult at Durham; reputed ancestor of the Comyn family.

[497] Comman or Commoc of Ross-Commain, Saint (fl. 550); commemorated on 26 Dec., of a noble Ulster family; pupil of St. Finnian; missionary in Connaught; founded Roscommon and other monasteries,

[498] Commius (fl. B.C. 57-51), ambassador from Julius Caesar to the Britons; a Belgic Gaul set over the Atrebates by Julius Caesar, B.C. 57; sent, as envoy, to Britain, B.C. 55; served against the Menapii, B.C. 53; joined the 1 revolted Gauls, B.C. 52-61; possibly withdrew to Britain, where three sous of Commius are found inscribed on coins.

[499] Roger Compotista or Computista (fl. 1360?), monk and prior of Bury St. Edmunds; compiled Expositiones vocabulorum Bibliae.

[500] Henry Compton (1632–1713), bishop of London; younger son of Spencer Compton, second earl of Northampton; possibly served in the civil war; nobleman of Queen's College, Oxford, 1649-52; travelled in Italy; possibly served in Flanders; cornet in the horse guards, 1660; M.A. Cambridge, 1661; incorporated at Christ Church, Oxford, 1666; rector of Cottenham, Cambridgeshire; advanced in the church by his family influence and the favour of Danby; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1667; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and D.D., 1669; bishop of Oxford, 1674; translated to London, 1675; dean of the Chapel Royal, 1675; privy councillor, 1676; procured the banishment of Joannes Lyserus; religious instructor of Princesses Mary and Anne; his hopes of the see of Canterbury frustrated by the opposition of the Duke of York, 1677; assisted the persecuted French protestants, 1681; strongly opposed repeal of Test Act, 1685; dismissed from the privy council and the deanery of the Chapel Royal, 1685; suspended from episcopal functions for refusing to inhibit John Sharp at the king's order, 1686; agreed to support William of Orange, 1687; joined the revolutionary committee, 1688; signed the invitation to William, 30 June 1688; reinstated in his see, 1688; joined the bishopsprotest against James II's illegal acts, October and November 1688; conveyed Princess Anne to Nottingham; marched, as colonel of a regiment, to Oxford; welcomed William in London, December 1688; ordered omission of prayers for James II and the Prince of Wales, 1689; voted for declaring the throne vacant; reinstated as privy councillor and dean of the Chapel Royal; crowned William and Mary, April 1689; acted as primate during Bancroft's suspension, 1689-90; supported the toleration bill, 1691; lord almoner, 1702; voted for Sacheverell, 1710; collected foreign plants; spent his revenues in charity; published translations from French and Italian, 1666-77, and Letters and Charges to his clergy, 1679-1701.

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