Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 55

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 55 running from name Stow to name Taylor.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 55 Stow - Taylor. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

15

16

William Stukeley^[151]

16

17

27

28

29

33

34

38

39

44

46

47

49

50

Jeremy Taylor^[507]

YJohn Taylor (Master of the Rolls)^[508]

YJohn Taylor (Bishop of Lincoln)^[509]

John Taylor^[510]

YJohn Taylor (poet)^[511]

John Taylor (diplomat)^[512]

John Taylor^[513]

YJohn Taylor (oculist)^[514]

John Taylor (oculist)^[515]

John Taylor^[516]

John Taylor^[517]

John Taylor (writer)^[518]

John Taylor (Baptist)^[519]

John Taylor (translator)^[520]

YJohn Taylor (Unitarian hymn writer)^[521]

YJohn Taylor (journalist)^[522]

YJohn Taylor (1739–1838)^[523]

John Taylor (British Army officer^[524]

YJohn Taylor (civil engineer)^[525]

YJohn Taylor (English publisher)^[526]

John Taylor (author)^[527]

YJohn Taylor (dissenting preacher)^[528]

John Edward Taylor^[529]

John Ellor Taylor^[530]

John Sydney Taylor^[531]

Notes

^ David Stow (1793 - 1864), educational writer and founder of the Glasgow Normal School; educated at Paisley grammar school; employed in business at Glasgow, 1811; was influenced by the ideas, among others, of Samuel Wilderspin, and founded, 1824, his first training school at Drygate; advocated strict moral and physical education; the mixing of both sexes in large classes, and banished corporal punishment and prizes; aided by government; established, on disruption of Scottish church, Free Church Normal College; published, among other work?, Physical and Moral Training 1832.
^ James Stow (. 1790–1820), engraver.
^ John Stow (1526?–1605), chronicler and antiquary; followed at first the trade of a tailor: admitted freeman of Merchant TaylorsCompany, 1547; occupied himself from 1560 in collecting and transcribing manuscripts, and in producing original historical works; joined Society of Antiquaries founded by Archbishop Parker, and maintained good relations with him throughout; attacked, but unsuccessfully, by a rival chronicler, Richard Grafton; suspected of partiality for the old faith; was charged, 1568, 1569, and 1570, with being in possession of popish and dangerous writings; was examined before the ecclesiastical commission, but escaped without punishment; spent all his fortune on his literary pursuits, and existed for some time upon charitable contributions: letters patent, 1604, granted to him authorising collection of kind gratuities His effigy, erc.-tc.l by his wife, -till.-Ki.-ts in rhnr Andrew Uiulur.-liaft, Leadenhalt Stn-t. Imi.loi. the most accurate and busineaslike of the hintoriaus of liU ntury. His chief productions are TinGeffrey Chaucer l.liil (hi* further not.* on ri,.m IT being subsequently printed by Thomas gpeght, 169s, 'Summarie of Englysho Chronicle*,* 1665 (an historical work), Matthew of V HUtoriarnm 1567, Matthew Park's T Thomas Walsingham'sChronicle 1574,The Cl. !:.,. !. of England 1680 (In subsequent editions styli-l Hi. Anualea of Eugland), the second oliti.m f I! 'Chronicle 1585-7, and lastlyA surv.-y..f L.i,d..n 1598 and 1603 (republiBlu-l Mnttlry fa. v., 1754; a modernised edition published by Henry Morley , 1876).
^ William Henry Stowe (1825–1855), scholar and journalist; B.A. Wadham College, Oxfor fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1852: entered at Liucoln'f Inn: on the staff of The Times,* 1852; correspondent in the Crimea, 1U55; died of fever at Balaclava.
^ John Stowel (f. 1799), Manx poet and satirist. MI:
^ Barox Stowell (1745–1836). See SCOTT, Wl I.I.I A.M.
^ Hugh Stowell (1799–1885), divine : cousin of William Hendry Stowell; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1826: Incumbent of Christ Church, Salfonl, ls;;i; an effective preacher and leader of the evangelical party; published religious works.
^ Sir John Stowell (1599–1662).
^ William Hendry Stowell (1800–1858), dissenting divine; cousin of Hugh Stowell; educated at Blackburn Academy; hon. D.D. Glasgow, 1849; president of Cheshunt College, 1850; pioneer of missions to working men; published theological and historical works.
^ Stowford or STONFORD, JOHN (1290?–1372?), judge; a judge of the court of common pleas, 1342-72; acted as chief baron of the exchequer in 1345.
^ Archibald Strachan (d. 1652), colonel ; served under Cromwell at Preston, 1648; after the execution of Charles I he signed the covenant at Edinburgh, 1649, and in spite of Alexander Leslie, first earl of Leven, was given a command; defeated Moutrose in Carbisdalc, 1650; present at the battle of Musselburgh and Dun bar, 1660; refused to serve under Leslie, and corresponded with Cromwell, whom he subsequently joined again.
^ Strachan Sm JOHN, third baronet (d. 1777), captain in the navy; captured the French privateer Tclemaqne off Alicante, 1757; subsequently served under Sir Edward (Lord) Hawke
^ John Strachan (1778–1867), first bishop of Toronto: M.A. Aberdeen, 1797; became a schoolmaster and went to Canada; became bishop of Toronto, 1839; founded Toronto University.
^ Sir Richard John Strachan , fourth baronet (1760-1828), admiral; nephew of Sir John Strachan ; entered the navy, 1772; present at various naval actions, 1772-1802; succeeded to baronetcy, 1777; captured the French frigate Resolue, 1791, ami four French battleships which had escaped from Trafalgar in 1805; K.B., 1806: made naval commander of the ill-fated Walcheren expedition, 1809; admiral, 1821.
^ Strache 7, 8w HENRY, first baronet (1736–1810); politician: grandson of John Strachey, private secretary to Lord Clivc in India, 1764: M.P., Pontefract, 1768, Bishop's Castle, 1774-8 and 1780-1802, East Grinstead, 1802-7; joint undcr-socretary of state for home department, 1782; master of George Ill's household, 1794; created baronet, 1801; F.S.A.
^ John Strachey (1G71-1743), geologist ; F.R.S., 1719; said to have first suggested theory of stratification in his work, observations on different Strata of Earths and Minerals 1727.
^ William Strachey (!. 1609–1618), colonist and writer on Virginia; sailed for Virginia on the Sea Venture. 1609. with Sir Thomas Gatea and Sir ; wrecked on the Bermuda*. 1609. Town, Virginia. 1610: wroteThe George PC ....1 NMM.:.... II wtorUt of Travaile into Virginia 1612 (printed. 1849).
^ Sir Edward Stradling (1529–1609), scholar and patron of literature; son of Sir Thomas Stradling; studied at Oxford: M.P., Steyning, 1664, and Arundel, 1567- 1576; wrote account of The Winning.nlship of Glamorgan, 1672, incorporated by David Powell in hU edition of Humphrey Llwyd's Historie of Cambria.
^ Sir Edward Stradling, second baronet (1601–1644), rm son of Sir John Stradling; of Brasenose College, Oxford; M.P., Glamorganshire, 1640; engaged in business undertakings; in the civil war leading royalist in Glamorganshire; Uken prisoner at Edgehill, 1642.
^ George Stradling (1G21 -1688), royalist; eighth son of Sir John Stmdling; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1647: D.D., 1661; served on royalist side during civil war; dean of Chichester, 1672-88.
^ Sir Henry Stradling (d. 1642), royalist captain; fourth son of Sir John Stradling; captain of the Tenth Whelp under John Penlngton; knighted, c. 1642; joined Charles I from Carlisle after surrender, 1645; taken prisoner at Rowton Heath; took part in royalist revolts In South Wales, 1647 and 1648.
^ Sir John Stradling , first baronet (166il6S7), scholar and poet; adopted by his great-uncle, Sir Edward Stradling (1529-1609): of Brasenoee College and Magdalen Hall, Oxford; B.A., 1684: knighted, 1608; created baronet, 1611; M.P., St. Germans, 1626, Old Sarum, 1625, Glamorganshire, 1626; enjoyed a great reputation for learning; published, among other work*, Divine Poems 1625. lv. 161
^ Sir Thomas Stradlino (1498?-1571), knight; eldest son of Sir Edward Stradling: sheriff of Glamorganshire, 1547-8; M.P., East Grinstead, 1553, Arundel, 1664; imprisoned in the Tower of London, 1661, on suspicion of popish practices.
^ Earls of Strafford . See WEXTWORTH, THOMAS. first EARL, 1693-1641: WENTWORTH, THOMAS, third EARL, 1672-1739; BYXO, SIR JOHN, 1772-1860.
^ 8TRAHAN, GEORGE (1744-1824), friend of Dr. Johnson; second son of William Strahau; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1771; D.D., 1807: vicar of St. Mary's, Islington, 1773: prebendary of Rochester, 180ft: rector of Kingsdown, 1820: attended Dr. Johnson on his deathbed; afterwards published Dr. Johnson's Prayer, and Meditations 1785.
^ William Strahan (1716–1785), printer and publisher; left Scotland and became partner with Millar in London, with whom he produced Johnson's * Dictionary and subsequently with Thomas Cadcll the elder; publisher to Thomas Somerville, Hume, Adam Smith, Johnson, Gibbon, Robertson, Blackstone. and others; maintained friendly relations with his client*; M.P., Malmesbury, 1774, Woottou-Bassett, 1780-4.
^ John Strang (1584–1664), principal of Glasgow University; educated at Kilmarnock and St. Andrews University; M.A., 1600: inducted to the parish of Errol on the recommendation of Alexander Henderson (IMS ?1646), 1614: member of the general assembly held at Perth and the only D.D. who voted against the five articles; principal of Glasgow University. 1626; maintallied a middle course during the subsequent dissensions; accused later of heresy, and resigned his office in 1650; published theological works.
^ John Strang (1795–1863), author of 'Glasgow and Its Clubs'; a wine-merchant; his literary and artistic tastes developed by travels in France and Italy; effected mrny improvements in Glasgow, his native city: author of Germany in 1831 (1836), the article Glasgow in the Encyclopedia Britannica (8th edit.), and Glasgow and its Clubs, 1855.
^ Alexander Strange (1818–1876). lieutenantcolonel and man of science; fifth son of Sir Andrew Lumisden Strange; educated at Harrow; joined Madras light cavalry, 1834; did much work on the trigonometrical survey of India; major, 1859; made Inspector (1862) of scientific instruments for use in India on hid return to England, 1861; lieutenant-colonel, 1861; K.K.UA and F.R.A.S., 1861; F.R.S., 1864.
^ Sir John Strange (1696–1754), master of the rolls; a pupil of the attorney Salkeld; barrister, Middle Temple, 1718; as counsel defended Lord Macclesfield, 1725; solicitor-general in Wai pole's administration, 1737; elected recorder of London, 1739, and knighted, 1740; M.P., Totnes,1742; master of the rolls, 1750; author of Reports published 1755.
^ John Strange (1732–1799), diplomatist and author; second son of Sir John Strange; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1755; edited his father's Reports 1765; F.R.S. and F.S.A., 1766; British resident at Venice, 1773; writer of geological and archaeological papers.
^ Richard Strange (1611–1682), Jesuit; author of The Life of S. Thomas Cantilvpe
^ Sir Robert Strange (1721–1792), engraver; apprenticed to Richard Cooper the elder; fought on the Stuart side at Prestonpans, Falkirk, and Culloden; studied engraving in Paris under Le Bas, 1749, and returned to London, 1750, with a first-rate reputation; long deprived by his Jacobitism of court favour; left England for Italy, 1760; returned, 1766; excluded, as an engraver, on the foundation of the Royal Academy, 1768, though his rival, Bartolozzi, was elected; left England again, 1775, for Paris; introduced to George III by Benjamin West, president of the Academy, and engraved Vandyck's Queen Henrietta Maria, Charles I on his horse, 1784, and West'sApotheosis of the Royal Children 1786; knighted, 1787. He stands in the first European rank as a pure historical line-engraver, condemning Bartolozzi's stippling* anddotting His engravings from Vandyck, Titian, Raffaelle, together with the portraite of the royal children, were bis chief works.
^ Roger Le Strange (rf. 1311), judge ; a descendant of Guy Le Strange, and perhaps of Hoel II, duke of Brittany (1066-1084); justice of the forest on this side of Trent, 1283; filled various important judicial, military, and administrative posts in reign of Edward I.
^ Sir Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange (1756-184 IX Indian jurist; second son of Sir Robert Strange; educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1782; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1785; chief-justice of Nova Scotia, 1789; knighted, 1798; recorder of Madras, 1798, where he displayed great firmness and ability, reforming administration of justice and suppressing a mutiny; D.C.L. Oxford, 1818; author of Elements of Hindu Law 1825.
^ Thomas Lumisden Strange (1808–1884), judge and writer; eldest son of Sir Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange; educated at Westminster School; judge of the high court of judicature, Madras, 1862; author of a Manual of Hindoo Law 1856, and of controversial religious works.
^ Sir James Strangeways (d. 1516), speaker of the House of Commons; M.P., Yorkshire, 1449 and 1460; a Yorkist and speaker of Edward IV's first parliament, 1461; later supported the Tudor cause.
^ Viscounts Strangford . See SMYTHS, PERCY Sydicby Oumtom , sixth VISCOUNT, 1780–1865 ; SMYTHK Augustus Frkdkrick Percy Sydney Gkorob: Augustus Frkdkrick Percy Sydney Gkorob , seventh Vihcount: Vihcount 1818–1857 ; SMYTHK, PKRCY ELLEN FREDERICK William William eighth VIBCOUNT, 1826–1869.
^ Stratford ** LECHMERK, EDMUND (d. 1640?), Roman catholic divine; D.D. Rheims, 1633; author of controversial religious works.
^ Edward Stratford , second EARL OF Aldborough (d. 1801), eldest son of flrat earl ; M.P., Taunton, 1774 (unseated, 1775); M.P., Baltinglass (Irish parliament); voted for the union, 1800: called the Irish Stanhope for his ability and eccentricity.
^ John de Stratford (d. 1348), archbishop of Canterbury; brother of Robert de Stratford and kinsman of Ralph de Stratford, bishop of London; born at Stratford-on-Avon; educated at Merton College, Oxford; doctor of civil and canon law before 1311; parson of Stratford-on-Avon; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1319; dean of the court of arches and bishop of Winchester, 1323, this last appointment being obtained against King Edward II's wishes, and the temporalities of the see withheld till 1324; restored to favour soon afterwards; commissioner to treat with France, 1324 and 1325; advised Edward II to allow Queen Isabella's visit to France; desired to effect a reconciliation, but finally acquiesced in the election of Edward III, January 1327; drew up the six articles containing the reasons for deposition of Edward II, and obtained from Edward II his abdication, 1327; appointed chancellor, 1330, and for the next ten years was Edward III's principal adviser; accompanied Edward III abroad, both disguised, 1331; sent on various important missions to France; archbishop of Canterbury, 1333; after being three times chancellor, 1330, 1335, and April 1340, resigned the seal finally, June 1340; incurred Edward Ill's displeasure and took sanctuary at Canterbury, 1340; summoned by Edward III to attend at court, on which he appealed to the judgment of his peers; on being refused admittance to the painted chamber by Edward III's chamberlain forced his way in; formally reconciled to Edward III, after a committee of lords had reported that peers could not be tried outside parliament, 1341. Of his writings the most interesting appear to be his letters, of which some are printed in the Litterae Cantuarieuses vol. ii.
^ Nicholas Stratford (1633–1707), bishop of Chester; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1656; fellow, 1657; D.D., 1673; warden of the parish church, Manchester, 1667; dean of St. Asaph, 1674-89; was fiercely attacked on account of his tolerance of dissenters, and withdrew to London, 1684; made bishop of Chester at the revolution, 1689.
^ Ralph de Stratford (d. 1354), bishop of London; probably son of Robert de Stratford, bishop of Chichester; M.A. and B.C.L. Oxford; bishop of London, 1340-54; supported John de Stratford in assertion of his rights, 1341.
^ Robert de Stratford (d. 1362), bishop of Chichester and chancellor; younger brother of John de Stratford; educated at Oxford: held several ecclesiastical appointments; was keeper of the great seal, 1331, 1334, and chancellor, 1337 and 1340; chancellor of the exchequer, 1331-4; chancellor of the university of Oxford, 1335; appointed bishop of Chichester, 1337. (1791-1853),
^ William Samuel Stratford lieutenant, royal navy, and astronomer; lieutenant, 1815; first secretary to the Astronomical Society, 1820; F.R.S., 1832; author of astronomical works.
^ Dk Redcliffe Stratford , first VISCOUNT (1786-1880).
^ Viscounts Op Strathallan . See DRUMMOND, William first VISCOUNT, 1617?-1688 ; DRUMMOND, William fourth VISCOUNT, 1690–1746. 8TRATHEARN, DUKE OP (1745-1790). See HENRY FREDERICK, DUKE OP CUMBERLAND and STRATHEARN.
^ Malise Stratheakn , sixth Earl of Strathearn (fi. 1281–1315), and son of fifth earl; one of the guarantors of the marriage treaty of Margaret of Scotland with Eric of Norway, 1281, and a supporter of Baliol; invaded England, but took oath of fidelity to Edward I, 1296; joined Bruce; subsequently captured and imprisoned by the English; set free, 1309.
^ Malise Strathearn , seventh Earl of Strathearn (ft. 1320-1345), commanded the third division of the Scots army at Halidon Hill, 1333. 8TRATHMORE, EARLS OP. See LYON, PATRICK, first EARL, 1642-1695; LYON, JOHN, ninth EARL, 1737 1776.
^ Countess of Strathmore (1749–1800). See Mary Eleanor Bowes.
^ Baku Btrathnairn * 1801–1885). See HUGH HENRY ROSE.
^ Adam De Stratton (. 1266–1290), clerk and chamberlain of the exchequer; clerk of the works at the palace of Wentmi iwter, 1262; was promoted to be cbamberlain f the excbeqaer, and atnaMsed great riches; was OOtnietedof fraud* and one of the chief delinquent* in the state trials, 1290; WM diagram*, 1890, but mutiuuM to be confidentially employed by the crown.
^ Stratton .JnHX I'ltOUDFOOT (1880-18MX surgeon; M.D. Aberdeen, 1866; officiating nMewar, March 1881, In the western states of Rajputana, July 1881, and in Jeypur, 1882; retired us brigade-mirgeou, :--".,
^ 8TRAUBENZEE, SIR CHARLES THOMAS VAN (1812-1892).
^ Gustavb Louis Maurice Strauss (1807?–1887), miscellaneous writer: born at TroJs RiTieres, Lower Canada; educated at Magdeburg; doctor of philosophy, Berlin; wai baniabed both from Germany and Prance for complicity in revolutionary plots, and subsequently lived in London: published The Old Ledger, a Novel is.., tlicrritu-Hm of which in the Atbensram led to two libel actions against that journal, in the first of which a compromise was made, while In the second a verdict was L'lvni in favour of the defendants. Other works include Moslem and Prank OH.
^ 8TREAT, WILLIAM (1600?-1666), divine; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1624; rector of South Pool; published a work on seeming contradictious in the bible, 1664.
^ Streater or STREETER, JOHN (ft. 1660–1670), soldier and pamphleteer; quartermaster-general in the army of the Commonwealth in Ireland, 1660-3: opposed Cromwell's summary treatment of parliament and was imprisoned in consequence, 1663; subsequently took the side of Monck against Lambert; published political pamphlets.
^ Robert Streater (1624–1680), painter ; excelled in architectural and decorative painting; extolled by Pepys and Evelyn; made ser jeant-puiuter by Charles II at the Restoration; painted the roof of the Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford.
^ Thomas Streatfeild (1777–1848), topographer, genealogist, and artist: B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1799: curate of Tatefleld; F.S.A., 1812; collected a large amount of material, genealogical and biographical, for a history of Kent, now in the British Museum (first printed in Hasted's History of Kent, edited by Henry H. Drake 1886).
^ George Bdmund Street (1824–1881), architect : of the same family as Sir Thomas Street; originally followed his father's profession of solicitor; assistant of Sir George Gilbert Scott: bis first independent work the designing of Biscovey church; appointed honorary diocesan architect by Samuel Wllberforce; carried out many important works in Oxfordshire; travelled in Germany. Prance, and Spain; designed the Crimean Memorial Church at Constantinople (begun, 1864), and the new nave of Bristol Cathedral; R.A., 1871: professor of architecture, Royal Academy, 1881; chosen architect of the new Law Court*, 1868, in the carrying out of which he was much hampered by injudicious economy; among much restoration work carried out restorations at York Minster, 1871, and at cathedrals of Salisbury and Carlisle, rehabilitating fratry of Carlisle Cathedral, c. 1871; excelled in the building of parish churches; buried in Westminster Abbey; author of the article on Gothic architecture in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edit.), and of other works.
^ Sir Thomas Street (1626–1696), judge; of Lincoln College, Oxford; barrister. Inner Temple, 1663, bencher, 1669; M.P. for Worcester. 1669-81; judge of the exchequer bench and knighted, 1681; removed to common pleas, 1684; decided against the king's dispensing power in Godden v. Hales.
^ John Streeter ( ft. 1660–1670).
^ Guillim Stretes, Streetes, or Streate, William (fl.–1546-1566), portrait-painter; described aa a Dutchman; paid by Edward VI a salary of 62. 10. Among bis pictures may be mentioned especially that of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey fq. v., now at Arundel Castle; and several of Edward VI, inaccurately ascribed to Holbein, are supposed to be his.
^ Robert de Stretton 9d. 1385), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; first master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1350-5; LL. D.; chaplain to the Black Prince; bishop 1359-85; His consecration was refused on account of his illiteracy, but finally, at the instance of Edward III, Pope Innocent VI finally yielded.
^ Agnes Strickland (1796–1874), historian ; eduMM -.-. Ml iMMri MMMMWl *&+* I ". MM granted a dvil list pension of low. in i prose work* wero l Children 18U, and st pension li&torioal Tales of Ulnstrioos 'Tales and Stories from successful work, but in which her sister Elisabeth collaborated, and Letters of Mary Queen of Soots 1843, Lives of the Queens of Scotland and Issflssli Princesses 1860-9 (of which Elizabeth again wrote portions): and a novel, How will it end 1866.
^ Hugh Edwin Strickland (1811–1863), naturalist; grandson of Edmund Cartwright, inventor of the power-loom; educated by Thomas Arnold ( 17961842) q. v.l, and early gave proof of i entered Oriel College, Oxford, 1829, and land's lectures on geology; M.A., 1836; William John Hamilton in a through Asia Minor, and traversed Gi Italy, and Switzerland, 1836; visited the north of Scot land, 1837; drew op (1841) rules for zoological nomenclature, ultimately with some modifications accepted as authoritative; while examining a railway cutting at Clarborough was killed by a train. Among several important scientific writings were Ornithological Synonyms,* 1866, and The Dodo 1848.
^ Jane Margaret Strickland (1800–1888 X author; sister of Agnes Strickland q. v.l; author of Rome 1864, and biographer of Agnes Strickland, 1887.
^ Strickland 8m ROGER (1640–1717), admiral : commanded the Santa Maria in the four daysfight (1-4 June 1666); recaptured the Henry from the Dutch in the battle of Solebay, 1672; knighted, 1673; admiral of the blue, 1687; appointed by James II commands- of the fleet in the Narrow Seas; excited a mutiny by causing mass to be publicly said on board, and was superseded, 1688: followed the fortunes of James II at the revolution, and died at St. Germain.
^ Samuel Strickland (1809–1867), author: brother of Agnes Strickland; emigrated to Canada: author of Twenty-seven Years in Canada,* 1863.
^ Thomas John Prancis Strickland, known as Abbe Strickland (1679?-1740), bishop of Namur and doctor of the Sorbonne; fourth son of Sir Thomas Strickland of Sizergh; brought up in Prance; graduated at Douay, 1712; endeavoured to effect reconciliation between the English catholics and the government, but unsuccessfully; made bishop of Namur, 1727: resided at Rome as agent of the English government, and was employed by the emperor Charles VI in England in connection with a vain attempt to create war with Prance.
^ Walter Strickland (fl. 1642–1667). politician: agent of the Long parliament to the United Provinces, with one interruption, 1642-60: M.P., Minebead, 1646. East Riding, 1664, Newcastle, 1666; accompanied Oliver St. John (16987-1673) to Holland to negotiate alliance, 1661; summoned to Cromwell House of Lords, 1667; member of several councils under the Commonwealth.
^ William Strickland (d. 1419), bishop of Carlisle; provided to the bishopric by Pope lietxsdict XIII, 1400, an appointment which Henry IV refused to recognise till he hsd been elected by the chapter and confirmed by himself; commissioner for negotiating peace with Scotland, 1401.
^ Sir William Strickland, first baronet (1596?-1673), politician; elder brother of Walter Strickland: knighted, 1630: created baronet, 1641; vigorously supported the parliamentary cause as M.P., Hedon (Long parliament), and Yorkshire, 1664, 1866, and 1669.
^ Strigul or Striguil, Earl of (d. 1176). See Richard de Clare.
^ Sir George Strode (1583–1663), author and royalist; went to London and entered trade; wounded at Edgehill, 1642; lived abroad after the defeat of Charles I; returned to London at the Restoratio;: translated work of Cristofero iLi Foiuecu, A Discourse of Holy Love 1652.
^ Ralph Strode (c. 1350–1400), schoolman; said by Dempster to have been a Scot, but was more probably born in the west of England; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, where John Wycliffe was his colleague; opposed Wycliffc and evoked a reply from him; dedicatee, with of Chaucer's * Troylus and Cryseyde; mentioned as nobilis poeta in the Vetus Catalogus of Merton College, Oxford. His chief reputation was acquired as a scholastic philosopher and logician. Fragments of his teaching are preserved in his Consequentiae and Obli (printed, 1477 and 1507).
^ Thomas Strode (fl. 1642–1688), author of mathematical works; of University College, Oxford.
^ William Strode (1599?–1645), politician; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1617, and student of the Inner Temple, 1614; M.P., Beer Alston; the vote, 1629; proceeded against in the Star-chamber; imprisoned till 1640; after 1640 one of the fiercest of Charles I's enemies: when one of the managers on Stratford's impeachment sought to deprive him of counsel; one of the five members impeached toy Charles I, 1642; opposed all attempts at reconciliation with Charles I, and showed himself very active against Laud; buried in Westminster Abbey, but disinterred, 1661.
^ William Strode (1602–1645), poet and dramatist; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1624; B.D., 1631; wrote 4 The Floating Island a tragi-comedy acted before Charles I and his queen at Oxford, with music by Lawes, 1636; canon of Christ Ohurch, Oxford, 1638; author of poems included in various collections and of some unprinted.
^ William Strong (d. 1654), independent divine; B.A. and fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1631; member of the Westminster Assembly. 1645, and preacher to the parliament; published theological works.
^ Richard Strongbow , second EARL OF PEMBROKE and STRIGUL (d. 1176). See CLARE, RICHARD DE.
^ Edward Strother (d. 1737), medical writer ; M.D. Utrecht, 1720; L.R.C.P., 1721.
^ John Struthers (1776-1853), Scottish poet; at first cowherd and shoemaker; abandoned his trade for Li fcM 5? y, W rk 1819: mtroduced by Joanna Baillie to Sir Walter Scott; librarian of Stirling's public library, Glasgow, 1833-48; author ofAnticipation 1803,The Poor Man's Sabbath 1804, Dychmout 1836, and other poems, as well as pamphlets.
^ Sir John Struthers (1823-1899), anatomist; P.B.CA Edinburgh.
^ Edward Strutt, first Baron Belper (1801-1880), son of William Strutt q. "-6,1826; M.P., I as a philosophical radicaKJntimate .... Mills, and Macaulay; chancellor of the due f Lancaster in Lord Aberdeen's government, 1852-4; Jreated Baron Belpei 1856F K.S 1860 Isk SS Charles VIII e trade, law reform, and education riv f&~ Caries Vill Liv. oj dienn* l victor y of Seminara over the king of Naples, 1495, but Uent of Unlversitv CollMTP T!rn,inn'i7i. l.,*?.;:l 4 Jr-_ ! was defeated at the same place, 1503; employed by issions to Scotland, where he
^ Jacob George Strutt (fl. 1820–1850), painter and etcher.
^ Jedediah Strutt (1726-1797), cotton-spinner; o -"- **~ * *~ B ""M -, wiiSSn'S. 01 the "tocWng-frame; in conjunction with predy Bridge, and Naseby; killed at Chester; extolled and 1769; i by Clarendon. fcn; q. r. it, partnership with Sir Richard Arkwrteht LIT. 64j
^ Joseph Strutt (1749–1802), author, artist, antiquary, and engraver; apprenticed to William Wynne Ryland; author of many works valuable for their research and engravings, includingChronicle of England 1777-8,Biographical Dictionary of Engravers 1785-6, Dresses and Habits of the English People 1796-9, andSports and Pastimes of the People of England 1801. An unfinished novel of Strutt's, completed by Scott, suggested to the latter the publication of his own Waverley."
^ Joseph Strutt (1775–1833), author of 'Commentaries on the scriptures; eldest son of Joseph Strutt (1749-1802).
^ Joseph Strutt (1765–1844), mayor of Derby; third son of Jedediah Strutt; mayor, 1835; gave an arboretum to Derby.
^ William Strutt (1756–1830), inventor; eldest son of Jedediah Strutt; invented the Belper stove, 1806.
^ William Goodday Strutt (1762–1848), governor of Quebec; served at the siege of Gibraltar, 1782; brigadier-general at St. Vincent; major-general, 1798; governor of Quebec, 1800-48.
^ William Thomas Strutt (1777–1850), miniature-painter; son of Joseph Strutt (1749-1802) hist
^ John Strype (1643–1737), ecclesiastical historian and biographer; educated at St. Paul's School and Jesus College and Catharine Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1669 (incorporated at Oxford, 1671); held among other church preferments the sinecure rectory of West Tarring; formed a magnificent collection of original documents, mostly of the Tudor period, some acquired by questionable means (now in the Harleian and Lansdowne MSS.). His publications include lives of Cranmer (1694), Sir John Oheke (1705), Grindal (1710), Matthew Parker (1711), and Whitgift (1718); his works published by the Clarendon Press in nineteen volumes; many of his letters in Cambridge University Library.
^ Sir Paul Edmund Pe Strzelecki (1796–1873), Australian explorer, known as COUNT STRZELKCKI; belonged to a noble Polish family; educated partly at the High School, Edinburgh; undertook the scientific exploration of the interior of Australia, 1839; discovered gold in Wellington district, which, however, was kept a secret for twelve years; author of Physical Description of New South Wales &c., 1845; K.C.M.G., 1869.
^ Sir Alexander Stuart (1825–1886), premier of New South Wales; educated at Edinburgh: went to New South Wales, 1851; champion of the denominational system in primary education: defeated the ParkesRobinson ministry, 1882; premier, 1883; passed his land laws, 1884.
^ Andrew Stuart (d. 1801), lawyer; tutor to the ., and later was appointed professor of anatomy at Aberdeen, 1863 iiri? S2SLL of h pi ! r n jramural school, 1847; assistant j children of the sixth Duke of Hamilton; conducted the case against the claimant in the Douglas lawsuit, in which the Duke of Hamilton disputed the identity of Archibald James Edward Douglas, first baron Douglas; fought a duel with Thurlow, the opposing counsel; attacked Lord Mansfield for his decision in Letters to Lord Mansfield 1773; M.P., Lanarkshire, 1774-84, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1790-1801; appointed to the
^ Bernard or Bérault Stuart or Stewart, third Seigneur of Aubigny (1447?-1508), commanded French troops which assisted Richmond at Bosworth, 1485; as lieutenant-general of the French army gained 7; knighted, 1898; published anatomical writings.
^ Lord Bernard Stuart , titular Earl of Lichfield (1623 P-1646), sixth son of Esm6 Stuart, third duke of Lennox; fought for Charles I at Edgehill, 1642,
^ Charles Stuart, sixth Duke of Lennox, third Duke of Richmond, and tenth Seigneur of Aubigny (1640-1672), grandson of Esme Stuart, third duke of Lennox; en-ate. Earl of Lichfield. living principally in France; returned to England with Charles II; succeeded his cousin as Duke of Richmond and Lennox, 1660; K.G., 1661; Imprisoned in the To 1665; married La Belle Stuart see STUART or.FRANCK* TKRKSA.
^ Sir Charles Stuart (1763–1801), general; fourth son of John Stuart, third earl of Bute; M.P., Bossiney, 1780; captured Minorca from Spaniards, 1798; lieutenant-general, 1798; K.B., 1799.
^ Sir Charles Stuart, Baron Stuart de Rothesay (1779–1845), eldest son of Sir Charles Stuart (1763-1801), general; G.C.B. and privy councillor, 1812; minister at the Hague, 1816-16, ambassador to Paris, 1816-30, and St. Petersburg, 1841 -6; created Baron Stuart de Rothesay, 1828.
^ Charles Edward Stuart (1799?–1880), brother of John Sobieski Stolberg Stuart: with his brother claimed to be descended from Prince Charles Kdward Stuart, the young Chevalier; with his brother fought for Napoleon I at Dresden, Leipzig, and Waterloo; his real name Allan, which In 1829 was changed to Stuart Allan, and in 1841 to Allan Stuart: his pretension and his brother's, for which there was no foundation, based on the supposed birth of a son to the Countess of Albany, 1778, who bad been banded over to a Commodore O'Haleran succeeded, however, in enlisting the sympathies of many leading persons in Scotland; author, with his brother, of several works, including Bridal of Caolchairn, and other Poems 1823, Costume of the Clans 1843,Tales of the Century 1847, Lays of the Deer Forest 1848, and Poems by Charles Edward Stuart, 1869.
^ Daniel Stuart (1766–1846), journalist ; assisted his brother-in-law. Sir James Mackintosh, as secretary to Society of the Friends of the People; published 'Peace and Reform against War and Commotion 1794; purchased the Morning Post," 1795, awl converted It Into organ of moderate toryism, and had as contributors Mackintosh, Coleridge, Southey, Lamb, Wordsworth; purchased theCourier 1796, his success in both ventures being very great
^ Lord Dudley Coutt Stuart 8 (1803–1864), advocate of the independence of Poland; eighth son of first Marquis of Bute; M.A. Christ College, Cambridge, 1823; liberal M.P. for Arnndel, 1830, 1831, 1833, and 1835, Marylebone, 1847-64; obtained parliamentary and charitable relief for the Polish victims; died at Stockholm, whither he had gone in the hope of persuading the king of Sweden to join western Europe in taking measures for the reconstruction of Poland.
^ Esme Stuart , sixth SKIONKUROP AUBIGNY and first DUKE or LKNNOX (1542 ?-1583), grandson of John Stewart, third or eleventh Earl of Lennox: sent to Scotland as agent of the Guises to overthrow Morton and restore Roman Catholicism, 1579; pretended to be a convert to protestantism, and obtained the support of the kirk, which led to Morton's execution, 1581: created Duke of Lennox, 1581; proposed to lead a Spanish army to invade England, 1682; suspicion of his fidelity excited by his quarrel with Arran and rumours of the plot; obliged on James VPs seizure by the protestant nobles to leave Scotland: had an Interview with Queen Elizabeth, 1583, and left for Paris, where he died.
^ Stuart or STEWART, FRANCES TERESA, Duchess of RICHMOND and LENNOX (1647–1702), 'La Belle Stuart granddaughter of Walter Stewart or Stuart, first Lord Blantyre; educated in France and imbued with French tastes: remarkable for her beauty: maid of honour to Queen Catherine of Braganza; mistress of Charles II; bad many lovers and aspirant*; eloped from Whitehall with the third Duke of Richmond, 1667, in consequence of which Charles II, suspecting it to be the work of Clarendon, determined to disgrace the chancellor; returned to court after her marriage. Sue was probably the original of the figure of Britannia on the copper coinage.
^ Gilbert Stuart (1742–1786), historian and reviewer; educated at Edinburgh: published Historical Dissertation on the Antiquity of the English Constitution, Monthly Review 1 768-71; bfOOfW OH! "I i H; V -.....vl ! 177.-. .,.:. !,,.,..:..,... -.:. I.-I -..:.:,;. nil. a MM i... - pj -..1 V..,-!;...!....,.;,-.. I!;, r,! Scotland 1789, composed in the Johnsonian or U ! principal writers in the Review I78S: attacked Robertson with great. -,, imagining himself to have been injured by the historian.
^ Gilbert Stuart (1755–1828), portrait-painter: born in Xarragonsett, Rhode Island. U.8.A.: came to England and worked with Benjamin West, 1771, returning, 1791; the painter of Washington.
'^ Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546-1 667)
^ Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (1639-1660).
^ Henry Windsor Villiers Stuart ((1817-1896) of Dromana; politician; was ordained, 1860, but surrendered his orders, 1873, and was returned to parliament as M.P. for Waterford, 1873-4 and 1880-4; accomplished valuable work in Egypt, 1888; his reports published in a blue-book; wrote largely on Egypt,
^ James Stuart, fourth Duke of Lennox and first Duke of Richmond (1612–1665), son of Esme, third of Lennox; studied at Cambridge; a staunch supporter of Charles I, but more from loyalty than devotion to his policy; granted Charles I large sums in the civil war; created Duke of Richmond, 1641.
^ James Stuart (1713–1788), painter and architect; known as Athenian Stuart originally employed in painting fans for Lewis Goopy; visited Rome, 1741, and Greece, 1751, with Nicholas Revett, the result of their expedition to Greece being published in The Antiquities of Athens 1762, which led to the introduction of Greek architecture in London, Lord Anson's bouse in St. James's Square, built by Stuart, being perhaps the first of that style; F.RJB. and FJ3. A.: architect and authority on HarnilABl art; member of the Dilettanti Society.
^ James Stuart (d. 1793), major-general; brother of Andrew Stuart; saw much active service from 1758 to 1775, in which latter year he entered the employment of East India Company in Madras; major-general, 1781; while attacking Cuddalore, owing to rivalry of the civil powers, was seized by the Madras government and sent home to England.
^ James Stuart (1741–1815), general; served in the American war of independence; in campaigns under Sir Eyre Coote, Sir William Medows, and Cornwallis; commanded expedition against Ceylon, which he secured, 1796; took Seringapatam, 1798; general, 1812.
^ James Stuart (1764–1842), historian of Armagh; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1789: called to the Irish bar; author of Historical Memoirs of Armagh 1819; editor of newspapers and poet.
^ James Stuart (1776–1849), writer to the signet; studied at Edinburgh University; a keen whig politician, and attacked violently by the Beacon and by the Glasgow Sentinel 1821: killed in a duel the writer of one of these articles, Sir Alexander Boswell, 1822, and after a trial, which excited much interest, was acquitted; after a visit to America, 1828, published Three Years In North America 1833, displaying a strong bias in favour of the Americans; inspector of factories, 1836.
^ Sir James Stuart , first baronet (1780-1853), chief-justice of Canada; solicitor-general of Lower Canada, 1801, but resigned and joined the opposition in the Houe of Assembly, 1809, and procured impeachment of the chief-justices Sewdl and Monk; active in procuring the union of the two provinces; appointed attorney-general for Lower Canada, 1825; impeached, 1831; created baronet, 1841; chief-justice of Canada, 1841.
^ Sir John Stuart or Stewart, of Darnley, first seigneur of Aubigny (1365?–1429), as one of the commanders of the Scottish force helped to defeat the English at Beauge, 1421; granted the seigneury of Aubigny, MM.
^ John Stuart (1700?–1779), superintendent of Indian affairs; went to America with lu-nrral.i.um- K. Oglethorpe, 1733, and was in Fort l.oiid.uin during the French war, when it was besieged by the Cherokee Indians; made terms with Ooouostota, who, however, treacherously massacred the garrison; general agent and superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern department, 1763: took part with the royalists in the war of i; died in England.
^ John Stuart, third Earl of Bute (1713–1792), succeeded his father as earl, 1723; educated at Eton; married Mary, only daughter of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, thereby acquiring eventually the Wortley estates; elected a representative peer of Scotland, 1737; took no part, however, in politics during his earlier years, bat amused himself in Bute with agriculture, botany, and architecture; introduced by an accident, 1747, to Frederick, prince of Wales, at whose court his influence scon became paramount; assisted the Princess of Wales in imbuing Prince George (George III) with Boliugbroke's principles of absolute monarchy; great scandal caused by bis intimate relations with the princess; on accession of George III became practically prime minister; made secretary of state, 1761; got rid of Pitt, his policy being to make peace, but notwithstanding was obliged to declare war with Spain, 1762; succeeded Newcastle as first lord of the treasury, whose retirement he effected by proposing withdrawal of the Prussian subsidy, 1762; K.G., 1762; made secret overtures for peace, and induced Henry Fox to accept leadership of the House of Commons, with whose aid and by bribery he carried addresses approving the terms of the preliminary treaty of Foutainebleau; lost popularity by the treaty of Paris, 1763, being even suspected (probably without foundation) of accepting bribes from France; his unpopularity increased by the cider tar, 1763; resigned, 1763; retained, with George Grenville as prime minister, George Ill's confidence, and intrigued against that minister, but unsuccessfully; finally retired from George Ill's business, May 1765; voted against the Stamp Act, 1766, and subsequently travelled abroad incognito. His ability for intrigue did not make up for his lack of administrative talent and of parliamentary experience. He was a patron of literature, giving Dr. Johnson a pension of 300l. a year, and a student of botany, privately printing Botanical Tables.
^ Sir John Stuart (1759–1815), lieutenant-general; son of John Stuart (1700?-1779); count of Maida; born in Georgia, North America; educated at Westminster School; took part in the war against the American colonists, and was present at surrender at Yorktown, 1781; served in the unsuccessful campaign against the French, 1783-6; took part in the capture of Minorca, 1799- at the battle of Alexandria (1801) ensured the victory by his action at a critical moment; gained decisive victory over the French general Reynier in Calabria, 1806, and received pension of 1,000. per annum; made K.B. and Count of Maida; took Ischia and Procida and captured Murat's gunboate, 1809, after which he retired to Messina; repulsed attack of the enemy with great loss near Messina 1810.
^ John Stuart (1743–1821), Gaelic scholar and minister; D.D. Glasgow, 1795; completed (1767) translation of the Old Testament into Gaelic, already begun by
^ John Stuart (1813–1877), Scottish genealogist and advocate; educated at Aberdeen University; as secretary of theSpalding Club 1839-70, produced, among other valuable works,The Sculptured Stones of Scotland, 1856 The Book of Deer 1869, and A Lost Chapter in the History of Mary Queen of Scots 1874.
^ John Ferdinand Smyth Stuart (1745–1814), American loyalist; adopted the name of Stuart, 1793; studied medicine at Edinburgh; emigrated to America but on rebellion breaking out served as a loyalist a*aiut the colonists; returned to England at the cl* of the wa; r.: OT** at capture of St. Lucia; author of A Tour in the United States 1784, and other works
^ John McDouall Stuart(1815–1866), explorer; conducted several expeditions into the interior of Aus sssi s&Ksnns&fiiS had anticipated him; returned to England, 1864. Stuart's Creek was named after him.
^ John Patrick Crichton Stuart -, third Marquis of Bute (1847–1900), son of John Stuart, second marquis of Bute (rf. 1848), and great-great-grandson of John Stuart, third earl of Bute; of Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; abandoned presbyteriau church for that of Rome, 1868, an incident which probably suggested the plot of Disraeli's novelLothair(1870); inherited large estates in Scotland and in neighbourhood of Cardiff; mayor of Cardiff, 1890; president of University College, Cardiff; active member of Scottish universities commission, 1889; rector of St. Andrews, 1892-8; provost of Rothesay, 1896-9; lord-lieutenant of county of Bute, 1892; K.T., 1875. His works include an English translation of the Breviary 1879, with numerous historic-ill and critical notes, several translations of the orders of service for the greater church festivals, The Language of the Natives of Teneriffe 1891, and The Arms of the Royal and Parliamentary Burghs 1897, with Mr. J. R. N. Macphail and Mr. H. W. Lonsdale. He was a munificent benefactor of St. Andrews and Glasgow universities.
^ John Sobieski Stolberg Stuart (1795-?1872), brother of Charles Edward Stuart.
^ Ludovick Stuart, second Duke of Lennox and Duke of Richmond (1574–1624), eldest sou of Esm6 Stuart, first duke of Lennox, and next in succession to the Scottish throne; president of the council during the absence of James VI, 1588; lord high admiral, 1591; after James VI's accession to the English throne, 1603, made privy councillor and steward of the household; created Duke of Richmond, 1623; buried in Henry VII's chapel at Westminster.
^ Stuart (STEWART), MARY (1542–1587), queen of Scots.
^ Peter Stuart (. 1788–1805), proprietor of ' The OracleandThe Star brother of Daniel Stuart
^ Robert Stuart, Seigneur of Aubigny (1470?-1543).
^ Robert Stuart (1812–1848), author of ' Caledonia Romana 1846, a treatise on the influence of the Romans in Scotland, and of poetical works.
^ William Stuart (1755–1822), archbishop of Armagh; son of John Stuart, third earl of Bute; of Winchester College and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow and (1774) M.A.; D.D., 1789; bishop of St. Davids, 1793-1800; archbishop of Armagh, 1800-22.
^ Stuart -WORTLEY, LADY EMMELINE CHAR Elizabeth Lotte (1806–1855), poetess and authoress ; daughter of fifth Duke of Rutland; wrote accounts of her travels; was the author of many poetical works; edited the Keepsake 1837 and 1840; died at Beyrout.
^ Stuart -WORTLEY, JAMES ARCHIBALD (1805–1881), youngest son of James Archibald Stuart- Wortley Mackenzie, first baron Wharncliffe; barrister Inner Temple, 1831; Q.C., 1841; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1826; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; solicitorgeneral under Lord Palnierston, 1856-7.
^ Stuart -WORTLEY, JOHN, second BARON Wharncliffe (1801–1865), eldest son of James Archibald StuartWortley- Mackenzie, first baron Wharucliffe; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1822; M.P., Bosdiney, 1823-32, West Riding, 1841-6; secretary to the board of control, 1830; published pamphlets and an economic work.
^ Stuart - WORTLEY - MACKENZIE, JAMES Archibald first BARON WHARNCLIFFE (1776–1845), statesman; grandson of John Stuart, third earl of Bute ; educated at Charterhouse; served in the army, 1790-1801; tory M.P. for Bossiney, 1797-1818, and for Yorkshire subsequently; mover of the resolution which caused the resignation of the Perceval government, 1812; advocated economy, freedom of wool from duties, and spoke against further agricultural protection, ami for amendment of the corn laws; in foreign policy was a follower of Canning and supported catholic emancipation and amendment of game laws; created Burou Wharncliffe, 1826; opposed reform, but, considering resistance hopeteas, endeavoured to effect a compromise, and, when that failed, advised his frit-lulu to -upport the second ren ! lord privy seal In Peel's ministry, 1x34, and president of the.-ouii. -ii, inn, but opposed Peel on the corn law*.
^ George Stubbs (1724–1806), animal-painter and anatomist; son of a currier: studied anatomy at York un.i.-r Charles Atkinson; visited Italy, 1764, and came to London, 1766, with a considerable reputation; published Anatomy of the Hone 1766, an the structure of the horse: executed portraits of horses for Lord Grosvenor, Duke of UK-linim for the "Turf Review besides Imaginative orheroic pictures and rustic subjects; exhibited at the Royal Academy; began executing pictures in enamel, 1771: many of his works engraved by himself. He was probably the first painter who mastered the anatomy of the horse.
^ George Towneley Stubbs (1766–1815), engraver; son of George Stubbs
^ Henry Stubbs, Stubbes or Stubbe, the younger (1632-1676), physician and author; son of Henry Stubbs or Stubbe the elder; educated at Westminster School and introduced by Busby to Sir Henry Vane the younger, who became his patron; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, where he was highly esteemed for his learning, 1666; served in the parliamentary army, 1663-6; expelled from Christ Church, Oxford, for writing against the clergy and universities, 1669; practised physic at Stratford-on-Avon; imprisoned for writing a pamphlet denouncing James, duke of York's marriage with Mary of Modena; described by Wood as the most noted Latinist and Grecian of his age... a singular mathematician; intimately acquainted with Hobbes; works include The Commonwealth of Oceana put In a Ballance and found too light (an account of Sparta), 1660, and An Epistolary Discourse concerning Phlebotomy, 1671.
^ Henry Stubbs, Stubbes or Stubbe, the elder (1606?-1678), ejected minister; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1630; ejected from living of Dursley, 1662; published theological works.
^ John Stubbs or Stubbe (1543?–1591), puritan zealot; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1561; published The Disooverie of a gaping gulf 1579, condemning the proponed marriage between Queen Elizabeth and Henry, duke of Anjou, though writing of the queen in terms of loyalty and affection, for which he and his publisher Page had their right hands struck off; remained loyal; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1589. He wrote for Burghley Defence of the English Catholics.
^ Philip Stubbs or Stubbes (fl. 1583–1591), puritan pamphleteer; said to have been kinsman of John Stubbs; studied at Cambridge and Gloucester Hall, Oxford; author of The Anatomie of Abuses 1583, which went quickly through several editions, in which he showed himself the exponent of extreme puritanic views, and which drew a rejoinder from Nashe in the Anatomie of Absurditie; published A Christal Glasse for Christian Women 1591, and puritanical ballads and other works.
^ Philip Stubbs (1665–1738), archdeacon of St. Albans; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1689, and fellow, 1691: B.D., 1722; rector of Woolwich and afterwards of St. Alphege, London Wall, where his reading of the service was highly eulogised by Steele in the Spectator; archdeacon of St. Albans, 1715; one of the earliest promoters of the S.P.G.; published sermons.
^ Thomas Stubbs (fl. 1373), chronicler; perhaps identical with one Thomas de Stoubbes ordained at Durham, 1344: D.D.: author of the latter portion of the Chronicle of the Archbishops of York (published, 1886), the only work of his now extant.
^ Sir Lewis Stucley or Stukely (d. 1620), vice-admiral of Devonshire; appointed keeper of Ralegh, on his return from the Orinoco, in which capacity his supposed unfair conduct made him intensely unpopular; charged with clipping coin, 1619, but pardoned; fled to Lundy, where he is said to have died insane.
^ Thomas Stucley or Stukely (152?-1578), adventurer; said to ha e been a natural son of Henry VIII; entered the service of the Duke of Somerset, and on his atmt eapsd to i now; Mi to i - u: In Saw:i: Prance, 1562, for information required for bis projected -.:. --.....-.....-....: blmsefi betrayed to tt* Prea MM ud BfTMMd 5 UM I-...MT,, London; Moaoid J roa4,*nd Hntei i tb Mpara Obarta v,.,. fata of - 3 ,-!..;...,..,.; -.,...,-..! .,,: -..;.-. i.:: r.. -.,; of all nations alike for two yean, till at length the r.::...,. -!r,:,..:.. !...-. i.;.,.. -. ! to arrest him, when be was pardoned: proeesded to trM4oom*MM b*4... tatl - Mb am Mb In that country dlsoounteoanced by Elizabeth, who mis with Philip 1 1, and accepted from him a L escaped to Spain, 1670, where he concocted plot* against England, also visiting Paris and the papal court: joined an expedition against Morocco in the interests of the king of l.i-t pI,Ml VII U M ftl v,,v::..,: i...,r
^ John Studley (1545?-1590?) translator; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; fellow; M.A., 1570; his translation of Seneca tragedies, though he was a good classical scholar, remarkable for unnecessary additions and tedious paraphrases; translated Bale's Acta Pontificum Romanorum 1574.
^ William Stukeley (1687-176&), antiquary; M.B. Bennet (Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge, 1708; 17 JO; excursions with Roger Gale and others; incumbent of All Saints Stamford, 1789-47: rector of St, (Jeorge-tbeMartyr, London, from 1747; author of medical and of antiquarian work*; published, among other writing*, Itmerarium Curiosum 1734, and Stonehenge 1740, being specially interested in Druidism. which he considered the aboriginal patriarchal religion; friend of Sir Isaac Newton ami of Warburton: published, 1767, as a genuine work of Richard of Cirenoester, Charles Bertram's forgery 4 De Situ Britannia;. To him was primarily due the error of supposing one Oriuna to have been the wife of Ourausius , he having read Oriuna for Fortuna on a coin.
^ Samuel John Stump (. 1863), painter and miniaturist; painted portraits of stage celebrities.
^ William Sturch (1763?–1838), theological writer and ironmonger; author of Apdeutherus 1799 and pamphlets.
^ Joseph Sturge (1793–1859), quaker and philanthropist; a zealous abolitionist; went to the West Indies; return published The West Indies In 1837; a high tribute paid to him by Brougham; assisted the freed negroes in various ways; joined the chartists: advocate of International arbitration: visited many foreign countries to disseminate his views and attend peace congresses; one of the deputation from the Society of Friends to protest to the tear against the Crimean war.
^ Henry Sturgeon (1781?–1814), colonel; distinguished himself at the siege of Rodrigo, at Salamanca, and elsewhere; 1812; designed the great bridge over the Adour, 1814: killed soon afterwards; mentioned in Wellington's deipatebm
^ William Sturgeon (1783–1860), electrician; was apprenticed to his father's trade of shoemaker, but enlisted, 1802, and remained In the army till 1820; studied science: opened a shoemaker's shop at Woolwich and contributed scientific papers to various publications: appointed lecturer in science at Bast India College. Addisoombe, 1824; presented to the Society of Arts improved apparatus for electro-magnetic experiment*, which Included his soft-Iron electro-magnet, toe parent of Uy dynamo, of which he was the original discoverer. 182J, also tl inventor of the magnetolectrioal machine; described process of amalgamating the sine plate of a battery with a film of mercury in Experimental Researches 1880; inventor of the electro-magnetic rotary engineTl832; established The Annals of Electricity; the tint electrical journal in England, 1836: produced hU I'Uvtro-umtniftio coil machine, 1837; superiutfiident of the Victoria (ialk-ry of Practical Science at Mam-hc.-t-r: itinerant lecturer from 1843; granted a pension by Loid John Huston, 1849. His various writings were collected by himself into one volume, Scientific Researches,* shortly before his death
^ Octavius Sturges (1833 - 1895), physician; M.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1867; F.R.C.P., 1870; author of The Natural History... of Pneumonia 1876, and other works.
^ John Sturgion (fl. 1657), pamphleteer and anabaptist; imprisoned by Cromwell, 1657.
^ Charles Sturt (1795-1869), Australian explorer; educated at Harrow: entered the army, 1813; saw active service at the end of the Peninsular campaign; entered Paris with his regiment, 1815; took an active part in Ireland during the Whiteboy riots; appointed military secretary to Sir Ralph Darling, governor of New South Wales, 1827: led several hazardous expeditions Into the interior of Australia, the largest river system of Australia being surveyed, and South Australia with it extensive water communications being opened up; assistant-commissioner of lands in South Australia, 1839; founder's gold medallist, Royal Geographical Society, 1847; colonial secretary, 1849; returned to England, 1853; published Journals 1833, and Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia 1819.
^ John Sturt (1658–1730), engraver; associated with John Ayres; produced his Book of Common Prayer with minute lettering, 1717: illustrated numerous religious works, and was inventor of medleys.
^ Robert de Stuteville (d. 1186), baron and justiciar; justice itinerant, 1170-1; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1170-6; took a prominent part in the capture of William the Lyon (1143-1214), 1174.
^ William de Stuteville (d. 1203), justice; son of Robert de Stuteville; justice itinerant and sheriff; took part in the struggle between Richard I and Earl John.
^ William Style (1603–1679), legal author; of Queen's and Brasenose colleges, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1628; compiled Regestum Practicale 1657, and other works.
^ Henry L'Estrange Styleman (1815-1862).
^ Alfred Inigo Suckling (1796–1856), author of 4 History and Antiquities of Suffolk 1846-8, and other works; LL.B. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1824.
^ Sir John Suckling (1609–1642), poet 7* so!? of Sir John Suckling, secretary of state, 1622, and descendant of an old Norfolk family; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; admitted at Gray's Inn, and inherited large estates on the death of his father, 1627; travelled in France and Italy; knighted on his return, 1630; said to have joined Hamilton's force and to have taken part in the defeat of Tilly before Leipzig, 1631: returned, 1632; threw himself into all the gaieties of the court wrote The Session of the Poets 1637, and his first play Aglanra 1637, in producing which he spent large 4ums on the costumes and scenery; accompanied Charles I I to Scotland with a contingent, 1639, and was ridiculed for the gorgeous clothes with which he bedecked his soldiers; published The Discontented Colonel 1640, a play in which he reflected on the disloyalty of the Scots; advised Charles I in a letter of counsel to doe something extraordinary; set on foot thefirst army plot which, however, was betrayed by George, afterwards Lord Goring q. v 1 and escaped abroad; is said by Aubrey to have committed suicide at Pans. His chief works are included in Fragmenta Aurea 1646, and consist of poems, plays, letters, and tracts. His plays are chiefly valuable for their few good K n t. Avenant 8 P eak8 of bi8 "Parkling wit, describing htm further as the greatest gallant and gamester of his day. He invented the game of cribbage.
^ Maurice Buckling (1725 -1778), uncle of Nelson oinptroller of the navy, 1775-8; fought a spirited action gainst the French, 1767.
^ Simon of Sudbury (d. 1381), archbishop of Canterbury; doctor of laws, Paris; entered the service of Pope Innocent VI, and was made bishop of London, 1361; said to have told a party of Canterbury pilgrims that plenary indulgence was of no avail, an utterance which stirred up auger among the people; bl.imed for abuses in his diocese by Edward III, 1371; sent as ambassador abroad on several occasions; archbishop of Canterbury, 1375; tried Wycliffe at Lambeth, 1378; made chancellor, 1380; imprisoned John Bull (d. 1381) r 1381, who was, however, released by the rioters on the outbreak of the rebellion; urged Richard II to subdue them, and was especially hateful to the mob; seized by the rioters and beheaded on the departure of Richard II from the Tower. He began the rebuilding of the nave of Canterbury Cathedral.
^ William Sudbury (fl. 1382), theologian, Benedictine monk, and author.
^ Suefred (fl. 695), king of the East-Saxons.
^ Richard Suett (1755–1805), actor ; began life as a choir-boy at Westminster Abbey: sang at the Rauelagh Gardens, London, 1769, and elsewhere: acted innumerable parts at Drury Lane, Loivlon, where he first appeared, 1780, and at the Hay market Opra House, London, during the rebuilding of Drury Lane Theatre, 1791-2; his parts mainly those of Shakespearean clowns; much praised by Lamb and Kemble.
^ Suffeld or SUTHFELD, WALTER (d. 1257), also called WALTER CALTHOHP; bishop of Norwich, 1244-5; the Norwich taxation the basis of later clerical assessments, made under his direction, 1253: built the lady-chapel of the cathedral.
^ Suffield third BARON (1781–1835). See Edward Harbord.
^ Robert Rodolph Suffield (1821–1891), successively Dominican friar and Unitarian minister; Dominican, 1860; publishedThe Crown of Jesus 1862: became a Unitarian minister, 1870.
^ Dukes Op Suffolk . See Pou:, WILLIAM DE LA, first DUKE, 1396-1460; POLE, JOHN DK LA, second DUKK, 1442-1491; BRANDON, CHARLES, first DUKK of the Brandon line, d. 1545; BRANDON, HENRY, second DUKK, 15351551; BRANDON, CHARLES, third DUKK, 1637 y-1551; GREY, HENRY, d. 1554.
^ Duchess Op Suffolk (1520–1580). See Catherine Bertie.
^ Earls Op Suffolk . See UFFORD, ROBERT DE, first EARL, 1298-1369; POLE, MICHAEL DE LA, first EARL of the Pole family, 1330?-1389: UKFORD, WILLIAM DE, second EARL, 1339 ?-1382; POLE, MICHAEL DE LA, second EARL, 1361?-1415; POLE, MICHAEL HE LA, third EARL, 1394-1415; POLE, SIR EDMUND DE LA, 1472?-1513; HOWARD, THOMAS, first EARL of the Howard family, 1561-1626; HOWARD, THKOPHILUS, second EARL, 1684-1640; HOWARD JAMES, third EARL, 1619-1688.
^ Countess of Suffolk (1681–1767). See Henrietta Howard.
^ Edward Burtenshaw Sugden , BARON ST. Leonards (1781–1875), lord chancellor : called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn after two years of conveyancing, 1807; K.C., 1822: tory M.P. for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1828-30, St. Mawes, 1831-2Ripon, 1837: solicitorgeneral, 1829-30; disapproved strongly of Brougham being made chancellor: drew attention to his levity in court; accused him of jobbery, but made friends with him, 1832; Irish chancellor, 1834-5 and 1841-6: lord chancellor and created Baron St. Leonards, 1852: lord chancellor for less than a year owing to the fall of the government, though he continued to take active legal part in the privy council and House of Lord-: almost infallible as an oracle of law; publishedPractical Treatise of the Law of Vendors and Purchasers 1805, Practical Treatise of Powers 1808, and lenrned edition of Gilbert's Law of Uses and Trusts 1808, which early made his reputation, also many other legal papers. As a law reformer he passed some excellent bills thronsrh parliament, mostly connected with wills and trusts.
^ Suidbert (,. 713). apostle of Uie Priilani : sent by Egbert to work in northern Europe; consecrated by 8U Wilfrid ill England, G-J3.
^ 8ULCARD or 8ULGABD (yf. 175X chronographer and monk of WertmlMtari wrote a history of t tery. lr. 1553
^ 8ULIEN, STJLOElf. or 8ULOENUS du bishop of St. Davids, 107S-8, and agti; centre of much literary act:
^ 8ULIVAN, Sin BARTHOLOMEW JAMES (1810inirol and hydrograpber; son of Thomas Ball SBltvun; lieutenant on the Beagle, 1831-6, during her celebrated voyage: carried oat the survey of ttie Falkland islands; returned borne, 1846, and paid speoiul attention to the formation of a naval rcserv 1969; admiral, 1877.
^ Thomas Ball Sultvan (1780–1887), viceadmiral; saw mnch active service, including tlw capture of Curacoa, I8u7, ami the destruction of the America Hotilbi in the Patuxeut, 1814: was chief agent of transports during the Peninsular war, 1809; advanced to post rank, 1814; O.B., 181*.
^ Alexander Martin Sullivan * (1830–1881), Irish politician: joined the revolutionary party of tlic Young Irelnnders: editor of the nationalist paper, Nation IMK,, which advocated constitutional airitation; opponent niaiw, by whom lie was marked out for mnintlnn tiou; imprisoned for article in the Weekly Newson the * Manchester Martyrs 1.SG8: one of the inaugurates of the liotne rule party under Hrett, 1870; afterwards supported the more active leadership of Parnell, 1*77: M.I f,, r several Irish constituencies; called to the Irish bur, 1876, ana to the English bar, 1877; author ofThe leeland and other works.
^ Sullivan Sm ARTHUR SEYMOUR (1812–1900), composer: son of Thomas Sullivan (d. I860), who was bandmaster at Royal Military College. Sandhurst, 1S45-56, and professor, 1857-66, at Royal Military School of Music, Kneller Hall: admitted one of children of Chapel Koyal, St. James's, London, 1854: won Mendelssohn scholarship, 1856; studied at Royal Academy of Music, 1857, and at Conservatorium, Leipzig, 1858-61: organist and choirmaster of St. Michael's Church, Chester Square. London, 1861-72: achieved considerable reputation by performance at Crystal Palace, 1862, of his music to Shakespeare's Tempest first performed at Leipzig, I860; organist at Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden Theatre, London: conductor of Civil Service Musical Society, 1866-9: professor of composition at Royal Academy of Music, and of pianoforte and ballad-singing * at Crystal Palace School of Art, 1866: composed, 1866, comic opera,Cox and Box adapted by Mr. F. C. Burnand from farce by John Maddison Morton, and produced at the Adelphi, 1867: composed Tbespis, or the Gods grown old libretto by Mr. W. S. Gilbert, at Gaiety Theatre, London, 1871, the first of a series of comic operas produced in collaboration with Mr. Gilbert, the most popular of which wereTrial by Jury 1875, H.M.S. Pinafore 1878, and The Mikado 1885; wrote Marmion for Philharmonic Society. 1867; organist and choirmaster of St. Peter's Church, Crauley Gardens. Kensington, London, 1867-72; composed oratorio, "The Prodigal Son for Worcester musical festival, 1869, Overture di Ballofor Birmingham festival, 1870, cantata,On Shore and Sea for opening of International Exhibition, 1871,Te Deumto celebrate recovery of King Edward VII, then prince of Wales, 1871; oratorio,Light of the World for Birmingham festival, 1873: conductor of Royal Aquarium orchestra, 1874-6, Leeds musical festival (triennial), 1880-98, and Philharmonic Society. London, 1885-7: first principal of National Training School of Music, South Kensington, London, 1876-81; produced getting to Longfellow'sGolden Legendat Leeds festival, 1886, and serious opera, Ivauhoe at Royal English Opera House, London, 1891; F.R.A.M.; burial in St. Paul's Cathedral.
^ Barry Sullivan (1821–1891), actor; of Irish parentage; began life as a draper's assistant, bat by 1837 hud appeared as a professional actor, his first part being that of Young Meadows In Bickerstaftt Love in aVillage at Cork; acted in several parts of Ireland; appeared at and in England, at Liverpool. 1847. B0Mrl*:-. i IBM h Australia, 1861; undertook si at the 18M. In America. 18M. in ..:-,.,,.-. MM r:- n London. 1866, and became manairer of thetfolooni Theatre: acted at the opening of the Memorial Theatre at.1879. M Bcneilck: far more popular in In land and In the north of England than in London.
^ Sullivan Hut EDWARD, first baronet (18- 188ft 1 .nid: B.A. Trinity Collee. Doblin, Matddeati A.;, M:. Cork, IMS: performed Terr valuable services in tbt cooduct of th* Irish Chin LMeade m rCUNH laW, was the mainstay of the English U I.. t: created
^ Francis Sullivan 8TOUGHTON (1719–1776), jeoult; of Trinity Colics Dublin: author ofAn cat Treatise on the Feudal Law 1771.
^ Lukb Sullivan (d. 1771), engraver and miniaturist; assistant to Hogarth.
^ Owen Sullivan (1700M784X Irish Jacobite poet and potato-digger.
^ Sullivan 8m RICHARD JOSEPH, first baronet (1751-1806), miscellaneous writer: K-S.A. ami F.R-S, 178ft: M.P., N.-w Uoinney. 1787-96, Feafonl, from 18U1: created baronet, 1804: author ofAn Analysts of the Political History- of Inlia 1779,Tlioufrht* on the Early Ages of the Irish Nation... and on... the Ancient Betahli-hmcnt of the Milesiau Fumilie* in that Kingdom 1789, awl other works.
^ Robert Sullivan ( 1800-1K8), educational writer and inspector of schools; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1832; LL.D., 1850; author of several educational works. Irish itinerant
^ Timothy Sullivan (1710?-1800), Ir poet; composed panegyrics, satires, and religious poems.
^ William Francis Sullivan (17ft6-lK3tX author of poems and forces: son of FrancU Stouirhtou Sullivan; of Trinity College, Dublin,
^ Thomas Sitlmo (ft. 1540-1S53X
^ 8UMBEL, MARY ( jf. 1781-1812), See WEUX, Miis. MARV.
^ Sumerled or 80XEBXED, LORD op THK ISI.KM (d. 1164), obtained possession of nearly all Argyll by defeating the Norse pirates; seized Man, 1158: to hold his possessions as a vassal of Malcolm IV, was defeated and slain near Renfrew, 1164.
^ Charles Summers (1827–1878), sculptor: went to Australia as a gold-difwr, 1853: designed several monumeuU and statues in Melbourne.
^ Sir George Summers (1554–1610).
^ Charles Richard Sumner (1790–1874), bishop of Winchester: brother of John Bird Sumner q. v., archbishop of Canterbury; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1817: through the Conynghams, to whose sons he had been tutor, was introduced to George IV, 1820: crrated a very favourable impression.; George IV's subsequent offer to him of a Windsor canonry nearly leading to the retirement of Lord Liverpool's administration, 1821; finally obtained several appointments at court, to which other preferments were added soon afterwards; made bishop of Llandaff and dean it's. Ixnidon, 1826, and bishop of Winchester. 1827: voted for the Catholic Relief Bill, 1819, and thereby forfeited George IV's favour; proved a zealous and capable administrator of his diocese, urging especially the necessity for new churches and for schools for the poor De Doctrina Christiana l*t; and translate.! Milton's author ot several sera
^ John Sumner Canterbury: educated bridge: elected fellow Hulsean prizeman, 1801. 18JO: published several theological works, 181-19, reflecting evangelical views; made by Fed bishop of Chester, 18J8, and by Lord John Rusxell archbishop of Canterbury 1848; voted for catholic relief and for the Reform An Bill: repudiated the Bampton Lectures of Hampden, but did not refuse to consecrate him; supported the institution of Gorham in the baptismal controversy: opposed the removal of Jewish disabilities.
^ 8UMNER. ROBERT CAREY (1729-1771), master of Harrow; of Eton and Kind's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1760 -MA, 1755; D.D., 1768; the friend of Dr. Johnson and master of Dr. Parr and Sir William Jones; published Concio adClerum 1768.
^ Earls of Sunderland . See SPEXCKR, HENRY, first Euu. 1G20-1643; SI-KNCER, ROBERT, second EARL, 1640-1702; SI-KXCKH, CHARLES, third EARL, 1674-1722.
^ Bauox Sunderxin (1738–1816). See RICHARD MALONE.
^ Sunman or SONMANS, WILLIAM (d. 1708), portrait-painter; followed Sir Peter Lely into England; painter of the imaginary portraits of founders in the Bodleian..
^ John Thomas Surenne (1814–1878), organist and professor of music; compiler of The Dance Music of Scotland 1841, and other works.
^ Thomas Skinner Sure (1770–1847), novelist; clerk in the Bank of England.
^ Duke of Surrey (1374–1400). See Thomas Holland.
^ Earls Surrey op. See WAREXXE, WILLIAM DE, first EARL, rf. 1088; WARENNE, WILLIAM DE, second EARL, d. 1138; WARENNE, WILLIAM DE, third EARL, d. 1148: WARENNE, HAMELIN DK, first EARL OF SURREY and WAREXNE, d. 1202; WARENNB, WILLIAM DE, second KARL OF SURREY and WARENNE, d. 1240; WARENNE, JOHN DK, third EARL OF SURREY and WARENNE, 1231 ?1304; WARENNE, JOHN DE, fourth EARL OF SURREY and WARENNE, 1286-1347: PnZALAK, RICHARD IIL, EARL OF AIU-NDEL and SURREY, 1346-1397; FITZALAN, THOMAS, KARL OF ARUXDEL and SURREY, 1381-1415; HOWARD, THOMAS, EARL OF SURREY and second DUKE OF NORFOLK, 1443-1524: HOWARD. HENRY, EARL OF SURREY by courtesy, 1517 ?-1547; HOWARD, THOMAS, EARL OF SURREY and third DUKE OF NORFOLK, 1473-1554.
^ Robert Surtees (1779–1834), antiquary and topographer; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1803; spent his life in examining remains of antiquity in the county for his work,The History of Durham(published, 1816-40). Scott included a spurious ballad by him, The Death of Featherstonehaugh in hisMinistrelsy of the Scottish Border The Surtees Society was founded in his name, 1834.
^ Robert Smith Surtees (1803–1864), sporting novelist; started New Sporting Magazine 1831, in which he published the sketches of Mr. John Jorrocks, the sporting grocer, published later as Jorrocks's Jaunts 1838; J.P. and high sheriff for Durham, 1856; among his other worksHandley Cross 1845,Ask Mamma 1858, and 'Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds published 1866; wrote also The Horseman's Manual 1831.
^ Duke of Sussex (1773–1843). See AUGUSTUS
^ Earls of Sussex . See RADCLIFPE, ROBERT, first Earl 1483–1642; RADCLIFFE, HENRY, second EARL, 1606?-1557; RADCLIFFE, THOMAS, third EARL, 1526?1583; RADCLIFFE, HENRY, fourth EARL, 1530?-1593; RADCLIFFE, ROBERT, fifth EARL, 1569 ?-1629; SAVILE, THOMAS, 1690 7-1668 ?
^ Matthew Sutcliffe (1550?–1629), dean of Exeter; major fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1574; M. A., 1574; LL.D., 1581; dean of Exeter, 1588; established a college in Chelsea, 1609, where learned divines should study and unite in maintenance of all controversies against the papists (Fuller): scheme strongly supported by James I, but a complete failure; assisted John Smith (1880-1631), and was member of the council for New England, 1620; fell into disgrace at court, 1621, on account of his opposition to the Spanish marriage; published a large number of controversial works directed against the Roman catholics.
^ Thomas Sutcliffe (1790–1849), adventurer; entered the navy, and during the blockade of Corf u was taken prisoner, but escaped, 1806; severely wounded at Waterloo; fought for the Columbians airaint-t t heSpaniards, 1817; filled various military and administrative positions in the republic of Chili; published works, mainly on Chili and Peru.
^ Dukes of Sutherland . See LEVI-:SO-GOVKU V Granvili George .K, first DUKE, 1758–183.3; LKVKSOX George Granville William Suthkriamv Gowkr George Granville William Suthkriamv Gowkr third DUKE, 1828-1892.
^ Duchess of Sutherland (1806–1868). See Leveson-GOWER, HARRIET ELIZABETH GEORGIANA.
^ Earls of Sutherland . See GORDON, .Tony,, tenth or eleventh EARL, 1526?-1567: GORDON, ALKXANDER, eleventh or twelfth EARL, 1552-1591: GORDON,, JOHN, thirteenth or fourteenth EARL, 1609-1 063: GORDON, JOHN, fifteenth or sixteenth EARL, 1660 V-1733.
^ John Sutherland (1808–1891), promoter of sanitary science; educated at the high school, Edinburgh: M.D. Edinburgh, 1831: inspector under the first lxanl of health, 1848; despatched by Palmerston to investiratrthe sanitary condition of the troops in the Criim-; 1.: rarricti. out great sanitary reforms in the army.
^ Robert Sutherland , sixth EARL OF (rf. 1442),. present at the battle of Homildon, 1402; hostage for James I in England, 1427.
^ William Sutherland , second EARL OF (d, 1325), took part on the side of Bruce at Baunockburn, 1314.
^ William Sutherland , fourth EARL OF (d. 1370), hostage in England for David II, 1353.
^ William Sutherland , fifth EARL OF (d. 1398 ?), according to Froissart, present at the battle of Berwick, 1384.
^ Walter De Suthfield (d. 1257).
^ Sir Charles Button (1775–1828), colonel; served with Sir John Moore, and later distinguished himself as colonel of a Portuguese regiment in Peninsularcampaign; K.C.B., 1815.
^ Christopher Sutton (1565?–1629), divine: of Hart Hall and Lincoln ColleKe, Oxford; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1589; D.D., 1608: canon of Westminster,. 1605, and of Lincoln, 1618; author of devotional works.
^ John Bk Sutton , sixth BARON DUDLEY (1401-1487).
^ Oliver Sutton (d. 1299), bishop of Lincoln; related to the Lexington family: bishop of Lincoln, 12801299; involved himself in disputes with the university of Oxford; joined Archbishop Winchelsey in resisting Edward I's taxation, 1296.
^ Sir Richard Sutton (?. 1524), co-fonndcr of Brasenose College, Oxford, with William Smith (1460?1514), bishop of Lincoln; member of the Inner Temple; appears to have early amassed wealth: in tliuprivy council, 1498: endowed his foundation with several properties, 1519; knighted before 1524; the first lay founder of a college.
^ Sir Richard Sutton , second baronet (1798–1855), sportsman; he was one of the most wealthy men in tincountry, and devoted himself to sport; master of the Burton hunt in Lincolnshire, 1822; led the Quorn hunt, 1848-55; bore the sole cost of the Quorn hunt for somcr years.
^ Robert Sutton , first Baron Lexington (1594-1668), M.P., Nottinghamshire, 1626 and 16-H MT.I throughout the war on Charles I's side in the garrison at Newark till its surrender, 1646: his property sequestered; obtained some compensation at the Restoration,
^ Robert Button , second Baron Lexington (1661-1723), son of Robert Sutton, first baron Lexington ; entered the army, but appears to have resigned his commission ns a protest against the illegal conduct of James II, 1686; lord of the bedchamber to William III; sent on various missions abroad; one of the plcnipotenti.irit:.* chosen to conclude the peace of Ryswi conducted ii".otiati..n- in Spain at tin- tr1712, for which In: was severely cvusurwl by committee. lv.:
^ Thomas Sutton Till. MAS d.s.l:' 1..11), founder of tle Charterboose, London: is said to have been educated at Eton: stu'i.-nt of Lincoln's Inn; perhaps related to the Dudley, tilitt.i Stitton i.nnily,.-arls of Warwick ami -i in the army at Herwick and elsewhere; surveyor of the ordnance in the northern parts, 1570; i-t'i nM I.M-I- of laml rich in coal in Durham, and made an enormous fortune, which was further increased by his marriage with Elizabeth Dudley: settled in London, 1580: gave liberally to public and charitable obscription-: pun -haw I the Charterhouse, 1611, where he i-stai.i--iii u hospital of eighty inmates and a school of forty boys, for which he had already conveyed his estates In Essex: buried in the chapel there, 1614. He was estimated the richest commoner in England, his estate being reckoned at £5,000 a year and his personalty at £60,000
^ Thomas Sutton 8(1585–1623),dlvinc; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1609; D.D.,1620: fellow, 1611; founded and endowed a free school at Bampton, Westmoreland, ltii'3: i-ubi-.-h-d some celebrated sermon*.
^ Thomas Sutton (1767?-1835), medical writer; M.D. Leyden, 1787: L.H.C.P., 1790; first modern English physician to advocate bleeding: established the true character of delirium tremens in Tracts 1813.
^ Thomas Swadlin (1600–1670), royalist divine : B.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1619; created D.D., 1646: as curate of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, obtained celebrity as a preacher; imprisoned by the parliamentary party, 1642, and his living sequestered; reinstated at the; Restoration, when he obtained other preferments; D.D.; author of religious and royalist works.
^ Robert Swaffham ov (. 1278?).
^ Charles Swain ( 1801–1874), poet ; began life as clerk in a dye-house, and subsequently carried on the business of an engraver: published several volumes of inn-try, including The Mind and other Poems 1882. His songs, which include I cannot mind my wheel, mother andSomebody's waiting for somebody were many of them set to music and became very popular. Portrait at File:Charles Swain by William Bradley.jpg
^ Joseph Swain (1761–1796), hymn-writer and preacher; author of several volumes of hymns, including Wnl worth Hymns 17'J2.
^ Francis Swaine(. 1782), marine-painter and one of the earliest English artiste whose sea- views possess any merit.
^ John Swaine (1775–1860), draughtsman and engraver; but known by his facsimile copies of old prints.;
^ John Barak Swaine (1815?-1838), etcher and artist; son of John Swaine
^ Charles Anthony Swainson (1820-1887), theologian; sixth wrangler. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1841: follow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1841; held several clerical posts and became prebendary of Chichester, 1856: Norrisian professor of divinity, 1864, and Lady Margaret's reader, 1879; master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1881; vice-chancellor, 1885: author of theological works, includingThe Greek Liturgies 1884, chiefly dealing with the creeds; follower of Hooker,
^ William Swainson (1789-1855), naturalist: obtained a post in the commissariat and went to Malta, 1807, and Sicily, making large collections which he brought to England, 1815: made another collection of birds in Brazil, 1H16: published works, including k Zoological Illustration- 1820-3; eleven volumes in Lardner's Tab. net yclopa-dia and three volumes In Sir William Jardinc'sNaturalist's Library He adopted a quinary system based on the circular system of William Sharp Macleay; emigrated to New Zealand, 1837, an ttiere.
^ William Swainson (1809–1883), first attorney-general of New Zealand; barrister, Inner Temple, 1838; attorney-general, 1841, and first speaker of the legislative New Zealand: opposed the war with the - nembSl Ot - r 9ett M .-w Zealand.
^ Richard Swale (1545?-1608), civilian; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1171: M.A., 172; fcUow of Caiu* College, Cambridge. U7: alvui-. ,,:-:,:;,,;..,.-:.-..:....-..; -,---l president, IMS; made master in chanot r opj I M,M..M. 1-7. Ml BlffaMi tome, IMIi j.r, bendary of York, 15H9; knighted, 1603.
^ Swan J- i i "74). anatomUt ; nirgeon to the Lincoln County Hospital. mj pi. U -. txii J ma: tl -.... X eweemv, excelling especially a* a disMotionbt; P.R.O.&, 1841; C- A Demonstration of the Nerves of the Human y 1 830, and other medical work*. 1 96
^ William Swan (1818–1894), professor of natural philosophy at St. Andrews: ban. LL.D Edinburgh, IMS, 81 Andrews, 1886; professor, 1869-80; author of various scientific papers.
^ Mrs. Arthur Swanborough. See Eleanor Bufton.
^ Richard Swanley (d. 1650), naval commander; performed valuable naval services for the parliament; reduced the Isle of Wight, 1642, and prevented the Irish reinforcements from landing in Wales.
^ Baron Swansea (1821–1894). See Sir Henry Hussey Vivian.
^ Anna Swanwick (1813–1899), authoress; born in Liverpool: studied German and Greek at Berlin; manlier of councils of Queen's and Bedford colleges, London, and was president of Queen's College; assisted in founding Girtou College, Cambridge; bou. LL.D. Aberdeen. Her publications include translations from German and Greek dramatists: her version of Goethe's Faust 1850-78, in blank verse, is one of the best in existence.
^ Robert Sweet (1783–1835), uortu-ulturirt ; began life as a gardener at Ham Green, near Bristol; K.L.S., 1812; occupied himself latterly in the production of botanical and gardening works; genus,Swv-w named after him.
^ John Sweetman (1752–1826), United Irishman and Dublin brewer: identified himself with the movement for removing catholic disabilities; member of the revolutionary organisation of United Irishmen at Leinster,and arrested, 1798; exiled, 1802-20.
^ Sweetman Ml LO(d. 1380), archbishop of Armagh ; consecrated, 1360; became involved in tin- di-pnte concerning the primacy with the archbishop of Dublin; present at the parliament which passed the statute of Kilkenny, 1367; successfully resisted the writs Irish representatives to go to the parliament at V ster, 1374.
^ Alex Andbrdk Swereford (1 176?–1246), baron of the exchequer and reputed compiler of the Red Book of the Exchequer canon of St. Paul's, Ixntdon, and treasurer, 1232; sent on several important minions by Henry III to Wales and abroad; appointed baron of the exchequer, 1234; famous also as the collector of historical precedents and state papers.
'^ John Swete or Tripe (1762V-1821), antiquary; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1777; prebendary of Exeter, 1781; contributed to works published or edited by Polwhele.
^ Swetna 1* JOSEPH (ft, 1617), calle.1 th,hater: author of The Araignment of lewd. idle, froward and (inconstant Women 1615, which provoked several
^ Sweetnam Swetnam , or J i.-KPH (1577-1622), Jesuit and religious autlw.
^ Sweyn or SVEIN (d. 1014), king of Enlaw? u*l Denmark: son of Harold Blaatand, king of DeMaark; baptised according to the conditions of peace dictated tar eror Otho 96ft: aear* tohaveoast aside Chrtah the Emperor Otho, 96ft: appear* tohaveoast tianity and made war against his father, whowa* killed in a battle with him, 986, on which he became king; soon, however, driven from Denmark by Kric the Victoriooa, became a sea-rover, invading England with Oluf, 994, when an uiiMicceajful assault on London was made; re for some time ravaging the country, but after further a h -futures was restored to his kingdom, c. 1000: invaded Knuland, KX:i, in consequence of tin- mn-si.-rv ol the Danes on St. Brice'8 day, l(Mi2, in which his sister Gunhikl and her family are said to have perished: stormed Exeter and ravaged Wiltshire; burnt and plundered Norwich, 1004: again arrival, with Canute, his son, in the H umber, 1013, ravaged the land, and made a complete con t lie country: accepted asfull king 1013: died soon afterward*, according to the legend, pierced by the spear of St. Edmund, whom he liad derided.
'^ Sweyn or Swegen (. 1052), eldest son of Earl Godwin [q. v.]: earl of Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Somerset; took the side of his father in his quarrel with Edward the Confessor; was outlawed several times and made a pilgrimage barefoot to Jerusalem for the murder of his cousin Beoru, 1052.
^ Deane Swift (1707–1783), author; cousin of Jonathan Swift; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1736; publishedAn Essay upon the Life, Writings, and Character of Dr. Jonathan Swift 1755.
^ Jonathan Swift (16C7-1745), dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and satirist; cousin of Dryden and son of Jonathan Swift by Abigail (Erick) of Leicester; born at Dublin after his father's death: grandson of Thomas Swift, the well-known royalist vicar of Goodrich, who was descended from a Yorkshire family, a member of which, Cavaliero Swifte, was created Baron Oarlingford, 1627; educated at Kilkenny grammar school, where Congreve was a schoolfellow, and at Trinity College, Dublin, 1682; neglected his studies, showed an impatience of restraint, was publicly censured for offences against discipline, and only obtained his degree by the special grace: attributed his recklessness himself to the neglect of his family, for whom he felt little regard; joined his mother at Leicester on the troubles which followed the expulsion of James II; admitted into the household of Sir William Temple, who had known his uncle Godwin, c. 1692, where he acted as his secretary; introduced to William III and sent by Temple to him, to convince him of the necessity for triennial parliaments, 1693; wrote pindarics, one being printed in the Athenian Mercury 1692, which, according to Dr. Johnson, provoked Dryden's remark, Cousin Swift, you will never be a poet;" chafed at his position of dependence, and was indignant at Temple's delay in procuring him preferment; left Temple's service, returned to Ireland, was ordained, 1694, and was given the small prebend of Kilroot; returned to Temple at Moor Park, 1696; read deeply, mostly classics and history, and edited Temple's correspondence; wrote (1697) The Battle of the Books which was published in 1704, together with The Tale of a Tub his famous and powerful satire of theological shams and pedantry; met Stella Esther Johnson, who was an inmate of Temple's family at the time; went again to Ireland on the death of Temple, 1699; given a prebend in St. Patrick's, Dublin, and Laracor, with other livings; made frequent visits to Dublin and London; D.D. Dublin, 1701; wrote hisDiscourse on the Dissensions in Athens and Romewith reference to the impeachment of the whig lords, 1701; in his visit to London, 1705 and 1707, became acquainted with Addison, Steele, Congreve, and Halifax; entrusted (1707) with a mission to obtain the grant of Queen Anne's bounty for Ireland: wrote some pamphlets on religious or church subjects; published Letter on the Sacramental Test 1708, an attack on the Irish presbyterians, which, though anonymous, injured him with the whigs- in disgust at the whig alliance with dissent, ultimately went over to the tories on his next visit to England 1710attacked the whig ministers in pamphlets, in the Kxaminer November 1710 to June 1711, and wrote the Conduct of the Allies 1711; became dean of St. Patrick's, 1713; had already commenced theJournal to Stella had become intimate with the tory ministers, and had used hi* influence in helping young and impoverished authors, Including Tope and Steele: returned to England, 713, to reconcile Bolingbroke and Harley, but in vain wrote more pamphlets, notablyThe Public Spirit of the V higi considered 1714, in reply to Steele's Crisis but at length gave up all for lost and retired to the country; left for Ireland, 1715, after the fall of the ministry and the death of Queen Anne; his marriage to Stella, un incident which still remains unproven, and also his final rupture with Vanessa (Miss Yanhomrigh. whose acquaintance he had made in London), suppo-ed to have taken place about this time; his rupture with Vanessa the cause of her death, before which she entrusted to her executors his poemCadenus and Vanessa which relates the story of their love iffair; though always contemptuous of the Irish, was led, by his personal antipathies to the whigs, to acquire a sense of their unfair dealings with belaud; successfully prevented the introduction of Wood's Halfpence into Ireland by his famous Drapier Letters 1724; came to England, 17 26, visited Pope and Gay, and dined with Walpole, for whose behoof he afterwards wrote a letter complaining of the treatment of Ireland, which had, however, no effect on the minister; broke with Walpole in consequence; was introduced to Queen Caroline, but gained nothing by it; published -Gulliver's Travels 1726; made his last visit to England, 1727, when the death of George I created fora moment hopes of dislodging Walpole; wrote some of his most famous tracts and some of his most characteristic poems during these last years in Ireland; kept up his correspondence with Bolingbroke, Pope, Gay, and Arbuthuot, and though remaining aloof from Dublin society, maintained good relations with Lord Carteret, the lord-lieutenant; attracted to himself a small circle of friends, and was adored by the people; set up a monument to Schomberg hi the cathedral at his own expense, spent a third of his income on charities, and saved up another third to found a charitable institution at his death, St. Patrick's Hospital (opened, 1757); symptoms of the illness from which he appears to have suffered all his life very marked, c. 1738; buried by the side of Stella, in St. Patrick's, Dublin, his own famous inscription, ubi steva indignatio ulterius cor lacerare nequit being inscribed on his tomb. Dr. Johnson, Macaulay, and Thackeray, among many other writers, were alienated by his ferocity, which was, however, the result of noble qualities soured by hard experience. His indignation at oppression and unfairness was genuine. His political writings are founded on common sense pure and simple, and he had no party bias. His works, with the exception of the letter upon the correction of the language, 1712, were all anonymous, and for only one, Gulliver's Travels did he receive any payment (200l.). A large number of publications appear to have been attributed to him by different editors without sufficient authority.
^ Robert Swift (1534?–1599), chancellor of Durham; of the same family as Jonathan Swift; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1553; fellow; chancellor of Durham, 1661.
^ Theophilus Swift (1746–1815), Irish writer; son of Deane Swift; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1767; barrister, Middle Temple, 1774; sentenced to twelve months imprisonment for libelling the fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, 1794.
^ Henry Swinburne (1560?–1623), ecclesiastical lawyer; matriculated at Hart Hall, Oxford; B.C.L. Broadgates Hall, Oxford; author of A Briefe Treatise of Testaments and last Willes 1590, andA Treatise of Spousals published, 1686 (the first works written in England on their respective subjects).
^ Henry Swinburne (1743–1803), traveller; son of Sir John Swinburne of Capheaton; educated in France; visited Italy; visited Spain with his wife, 1774-6; the two Sicilies, Vienna, Frankfort, and Brussels, 1777-9, Italy and Vienna, 1780; with his wife formed acquaintances with the chief literati, and received many compliments from the different Roman catholic sovereigns; again in Paris, 1786-8; his eldest son made by Marie Antoinette one of her pages; sent on a mission to Paris by the government for the exchange of prisoners, 17%; went out as veudue-master to Trinidad, 1801, where he died. He was author ofTravels through Spain 1779, Travels in the Two Sicilies 1783 and 1785. His letters, under the title of The Courts of Europe, badly edited, were published, 1841.
^ Henry Swinden (1716–1772), antiquary; author of the History... of Great Yarmouth 1772.
^ Tobias Swinden (d. 1719), divine; M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1682; published An Enquiry into the Nature and Place of Hell 1714.
^ Lawrence Swinercote (fl. 1254). See Somercote
^ Richard Swineshead ( t rf. 13Vu), mathematician; fellow of Merton College; at swiiienbead in Linroln.hire; author of mathematical un.1 philosophical works.
^ George Swiney (1786?-1844), founded Swiney prize and lectureship; M.D., Edinburgh, 1816.
^ George Swiney (1786–1868) general; cousin of George Swiney (1786?-1844),
^ Owen Mac Swiney (d. 1754). see Swinny.
^ John Swinfen (1612-1694). See Swynfen.
^ Samuel Swinfen (1679-1784). See Swynfen.
^ Richard de Swinfield or Swynfield (d. 1317), bishop of Hereford; entered the service of Thomas de Cantelupe, chancellor and partisan of the baronial party, and was given by him several preferments; accompanied him to Normandy when exiled, and again in his journey to Italy, 1282; bishop of Hereford, 1283-1317; resisted the extortions of Edward I. He was a bountiful patron of scholars, and a portion of the cathedral was probably built by him.
^ Catherine Swinford, Duchess of Lancaster (1350?-1403).
^ Thomas Swinnerton (d. 1554), protestant divine; M.A. Cambridge, under the assumed name of John Roberts, 1619: author of A muster of scismatyke Byshoppes of Rome, 1534.
^ George Swinnock (1627–1673), nonconformist divine; B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1648; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. 1649; M.A. 1650: held various incumbencies; published religious works. Iv. ass j r,
^ Owen Mac Swinny (d. 1764), playwright. He of the Queen's Theatre, Haytnarket, London, 1706, 1710, aiul 1711; after some successes became bankrupt and took refuge abroad, returning 1736. Portrait at File:Owen MacSwinny (or Swinny) by Peter van Bleeck.jpg
^ Richard Swinshed (fl. 1360). See Swineshead.
'^ Alexander Swinton, Lord Mersington (1625?-1700), Scottish judge; fought for Charles II and was taken prisoner at Worcester; advocate, 1671; relinquished his profession rather than take the test, 1681; restored, 1686; made judge, 1688; joined the supporters of William III in Scotland at the Revolution.
^ Archibald Campbell Swinton (1812–1890), author and politician: elder brother of James Rannie Swinton; professor of civil law at Edinburgh, 1862-72.
^ James Rannie Swinton (1816–1888), portrait painter; worked at the studio of Sir John Watson-Gordon; at the schools of the Academy, and visited Italy and Spain; painted the fashionable beauties of the day.
^ Sir John Swinton (d. 1402), Scottish soldier; killed at Homildou Hill.
^ John Swinton (1621?–1679), Scottish politician ; elder brother of Alexander Swinton; M.P. for the Merse, 1649; joined Cromwell after Dunbar, and was excommunicated by the Scottish kirk and his estates forfeited, 1661; under Cromwell's administration of Scotland was appointed commissioner, member of the council of state, and M.P.: was arrested and imprisoned at the Restoration; turned quaker, 1667; published quaker pamphlets.
^ John Swinton (1703–1777), historian and antiquary; FRA, 1728; fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, 1723, M.A., 1726); B.D., 1769; published dissertations and other works, including Inscriptiones Citieae 1750.
^ John Swinton , Lord Swinton (d1799) Scottish judge and legal writer; sat on the bench, 1782-1799; a lord of justiciary, 1788-99.
^ Owen Mac Swiny (d. 1764). See Swinny.
^ Swithun, saint (d. 862), bishop of Winchester; probably a secular clerk; an adviser in state mailers of Egbert, and educator of his son, Ethelwulf, who on his accession appointed him bishop of Winchester; shrine was destroyed by Henry VIII; one of the chief counsellor* of this king in eockri Ml H atflttON Bh !..ly H Mr,:. r.v !,; -..-,. Mfc HM Mil - VBBoS I ** 5lse M s*td inside the cathedral, 971, when
^ Stephen Switzer (16X27-1745 agricultural writer, was well educated, and became, George London and Henry Wise (q. v.; became seedsman in Westminster HaU; edited i a*riodfe*L'TlM Practical H which he warmly repelkd attacks on Vlrgirs agrtci.liurr as represented in theGeorgia; author of several books on gardening.
^ John Swynfen or 8WUFEM. JOHN (lIS-16MXpoll. ti.-iu,,; M.1-. for Stafford in the Long parliament, 1*40, on the side of the parliament: excluded by Pride's Purge, 1648; restored by Monck; prominent at the Restoration as an opponent of the court party.
^ 8WYNFEN or 8WINFEH, SAMUEL (1679-1734), physician; grandson of John Swyiifen: M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1708; M.D., 1712; godfather t.i Hr. Johnson,
^ 8WYNFORD, CATHF.uINK, Di MsoyLAXCA8TER (1360 7-1403), mistress nnd thinl wife of John of (Jaunt ; mother of the Beaufort* and ancestress of Henry VII; daughter of Sir Payne Roelt, who came to England with Queen Phllinpa, her first husband being Sir Hugh Su ynford, who belonged to the retinue of John of Gaunt, and who died, 1872: became John of (taunt's mistreat and liadclmnre of his children; married to John of daunt on the death of his second wife, 1396. Their Issue were legitimised by parliament, 1897, but in 1407 the words cxceptu dignltate regali were interpolated,
^ 8WYNFORD. SIR TH'iM.vs 13GH ?-l433X only legttimate rhilil of Catherine Swyuford by her flrt husband; supporter of Henry IV's claims, and supposed murderer of Richard II.
^ Robert Sybthorpe (d. 1662. See Sibthorp.
^ 8YDDALL, HENRY (d. 1672). See Siddall.
^ Barox Sydenham (1799–1841). See Charles Edward Poulett Thomson.
^ Sydenham or 81DENHAM, CUTHBERT (162J1664), theologian and presbyterlan divine: lecturer at St. John's aud St. Nicholas's churches, Neweu.-tle; autlwr of religious and puritanical works.
^ Floyer Sydenham (1710–1787), translator of Plato; M.A. Wodliam College, Oxford, 1734; fellow, 1734; b;trri-ter. Lincoln's Inn, 1735; publisljed, besides bis translation (1769-80X An Essay on the Divine Names according to the Platonic Philosophy 1784.
^ Humphrey Sydenham (1691–1660?X royalist divine; B.A. Exeter College, oxford, 1611; fellow and M.A. Wadhuui Cullew, Oxford, 1613; prebendary of Wells, 1642; received other preferments, from all of which be was ejected by the parliamentary commissioners; published sermons.
^ John Sydenham (1807–1846), antiquary and editor; author of The History of the Town aud County of Poole 1839.
^ Thomas Bydenham (16M-1689), physician : entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1642; together with his brothers took part in the civil war on th- side of the parliament, 1642-6; returned to Oxford, 1646, und was advised by Thomas Coxe to apply himself to medicine; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1648; created M.B. by command of the Earl of Pembroke, 1648; M.A. later: received a new commission as captain of cavalry, 1661, and took part in much sharp fighting: stud.ed medicine at Montpellier. ir.V.i: I..U.C.P.. If.fi3: gradually made his way in the profession and became one of the i of the English physicians, his reput great on the oonfcncnt; autiir( -..-r.ii Latin n works. His chief contributions to medicine were his observations on epidemic diseases, his nrt clear discrimination of certain diseases, his cooling method of treating the smallpox, and his introduction of the use of bark in agues; these ami his method of studying diseases made an epoch in medical science.
^ William Sydenham (1615–1661), CromweUian soldier; eldest brother of Thomas Sydenliuin; fought tor tlu- parliament ami defeated the royalists in various skirmishes in Dorset; member of the various parliaments of tlie Commonwealth; avowal conservative principles, and defendedthe liberties of Englishmen made by Cromwell councillor and commissioner of the treasury, 1654: took the side of the army against the parliament; after the death of the Protector was expelled from the Long parliament, 1660: perpetually incapacitated from holding office by act of indemnity.
^ Sydney first VISCOUNT (1733–1800). See THOMAS TOWNSHEND.
^ 8YDSERFF, THOMAS (1581-1663), bishop of Galloway: M.A. Edinburgh, 1602; took an active part in the introduction of the English prayer-book, 1633: made bishop of Galloway by Laud, 1635; attacked by the mob and deposed, 1638; appointed bishop of Orkney at the Restoration.
^ Arthur Ashley Sykes (1684?–1756), latitudinarian divine; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A.,1708; D.D., 1726: held numerous church preferments; a voluminous controversial writer of the school of Hoadly.
^ Godfrey Sykes (1825–1866), decorative artist; decorated the new buildings of the South Kensington Museum.
^ Sir Mark Masterman Sykes , third baronet (1771-1823), book-collector; of Brasenose College, Oxford; M.P., York, 1807-20; his library especially rich in first editions of the classics, specimens of fifteenth-century printing, and Elizabethan poetry, besides manuscripts.
^ Sir Tatton Sykes , fourth baronet (1772–1863), patron of the turf; younger brother of Sir Mark Masterman Sykes; educated at Westminster School and Brasenose College, Oxford; an expert boxer and renowned breeder of sheep and horses, owner of racehorses, rider and master of foxhounds for more than forty years. Flv. 257
^ William Henry Sykes (1790–1872), naturalist and soldier; entered the service of the East India Company, 1803, and saw a good deal of active service; being appointed statistical reporter to the Bombay government, 1824, drew up valuable reports; chairman of the board of directors, 1856; liberal M.P., Aberdeen, 1857-72; F.R.S., 1834, and author.
^ James Joseph Sylvester (1814–1897), mathematician; was educated at a Jewish school in London, at the Royal Institution, Liverpool, and St. John's College, Cambridge; second wrangler, 1837; graduated B.A. Cambridge (after the passing of the Tests Act), 1872; professor of natural philosophy at University College, London, 1837-41; professor of mathematics in the university of Virginia, 1841-5, and at Woolwich, 1855-70; president of the London Mathematical Society, 1866; professor of mathematics at the Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, 1877-83; Saviliau professor of geometry at Oxford, 1883-97; shared with Cayley the work of founding invariant algebra, and enriched the science of number with a body of doctrine on partitions. His writings are at present scattered through numerous journals.
^ Josuah Sylvester (1563–1618), poet ; translator of Du Bartas; educated at the school of Hadrian a Sara via at Southampton, where he acquired a sound knowledge of French, and subsequently entered a trading firm; is supposed to have been for some time steward to the Essex family; made groom of his chamber by Prince Henry, c. 1606; became secretary to the merchant adventurers, 1613, and had to reside at Middelburg. Meanwhile he had accomplished a considerable amount of literary work, chiefly translations of the scriptural epics of the Gascon Huguenot, Guillaume de Saluste, seigneur du Bartas, in the rhymed decasyllabic couplet. He had a full sympathy with his original, and his work was much admired by contemporaries, and doubtless influenced Milton indirectly, but after the Restoration was considered pedantic, and ceased to be read. The translation of Du Bartas'BCanticleappeared, 1590, of La Semaiue 1592, and the first collective edition, 1606; author of several other works, mainly religious, but including accounts of Henry of Navarre and St. Louis.
^ Matthew Sylvester (1636?–1708), nonconformist divine: of St. John's College, Cambridge; vicar of Great Gonurby, 1659, which he resigned in consequence of the Uniformity Act, 1662; Baxter his assistant as pastor of Rutland 1 fouse: published Reliquiae Baxteriaiuv lnuily edited and very faulty, 1696; author of sermons and prefaces.
^ Ebenezer Syme (1826–1860), colonial journalist ; emigrated to Victoria, 1852, and bought the Melbourne Age which, as leading liberal organ, had a marked influence on colonial politics.
^ James Syme (1799–1870), surgeon; educated at the high school and university, Edinburgh; after tilling many surgical posts and studying in Paris and Germany, started a private surgical hospital, 1829, at Edinburgh, where he inaugurated his system of clinical instruction; appointed crown professor of clinical surgery in Edinburgh University, 1833: recognised as the greatest living authority in surgery; author of several surgical works; his plan of leaving wounds open till all oozing of blood had ceased, adopted by, and often attributed to, Liston.
^ John Syme (1755–1831), friend of Burns; lawyer, ensign, distributor of stamps, 1791; one of Burns's executors.
^ John Syme (1795–1861), portrait-painter; nephew of Patrick Syme; pupil of Sir Henry Raeburn.
^ Patrick Syme (1774–1845), flower-painter and author.
^ Symeon
^ Michael Symes (1753?–1809), soldier and diplomatist; sent on missions to Burmah, of which he wrote an account; served with Sir John Moore, 1808.
^ Andrew Symington (1785–1853), Scottish divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1803; professor of theology in the reformed presbyterian church, 1820; published theological works.
^ William Symington (1763–1831), engineer; took out a patent for an improved form of steam-engine, 1787, and devised the first steam-boat for practical use, the Charlotte Dundas, 1802; his plans not supported: lost by death his patron the Duke of Bridgewater; died in poverty in London.
^ William Symington (1795 - 1862), divine; younger brother of Andrew Symington; D.D. Edinburgh, 1808; a successful preacher and author; succeeded his brother as professor of theology in the reformed presbyterian church, 1853.
^ Charles Symmons (1749–1826), man of letters; educated at Westminster School and Glasgow and Cambridge universities; a staunch whig; aroused some hostility by a whig sermon at Cambridge, 1793; rector of Narberth and Lampeter; author of poetical works, a life of Milton, 1806, and of Shakespeare, 1826, and The Aeneis of Virgil translated 1817.
^ John Symmons (1781–1842), son of Charles Symmons; translator of the Agamemnon of Aeschylus, 1824; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1806; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1807.
^ Simeonis Symon (fl. 1322).
^ John Symonds (1729–1807), professor of modern history at Cambridge; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1762; fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1753; M.A., 1754; professor, 1771; wrote works urging the revision of the New Testament.
^ John Addington Symonds (1807–1871), physician; educated at Magdalen College school and at Edinburgh; held several posts on the staff of the Bristol Hospital; F.R.C.P., 1857; author of several volumes ot essays and lectures, and of papers contributed to medical periodicals.
^ John Addington Symonds (1840–1895) author; son of John Addington Symond: educated at Harrow and Jlalhol Collw. where he pained a first class in classics, the Newdigate prize, a fellowship at Magdalen, 1862, and tlte English essay prize, subject "The Renaissance 1863: WM obliit-d to reside abroad on nccount of his heulth, and liimllv srttli-d at Davos l'l:it.; dronihr out Hi-nory of tin- tolian I:-M:I, a series of picturesque sketches r.ithiT than a continuous work, and bin prose translation of the Antpbtagnphy of Benvenuto Cellini 18S7; published book* of pix-ms, includ 187H, and'Animi Figura 1**-. An: prone works were Sketches in Italy and dnvi-r Auction to the Study of Dante 1872, and Walt Whitman 1S9X He excelled aa a translator, his translation of the sonnets of Michael Angelo and Campanellu, 1878, ).. in- especially famous.
^ Richard Symonds (1609–1680?), Welsh puritan; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1627: taught at Shrewsbury, 1635, where Baxter was his pupil; fled to London on the outbreak of the civil war, and prenched in the city; returned to Wales as approver of preachers 1650.
^ Richard Symonds (1617–1692?), royalist and antiquary; imprisoned as a delinquent at the commencement of the civil war; escaped, joined the royalist army, and took part in the battles of the next two yean, including the engagements at Dewsbury and Naseby; he petitioned to be allowed to compound for his delinquency, 1640, and travelled abroad; compiled several note-books, including four published by the Camden Society, as the Diary of the Marches of the Royal Army 1859. Other works of his contain anecdotes of Cromwell, memoranda of his travels abroad, and genealogical and archaeological collections.
^ Sir Thomas Matthew Charles Symonds ( 1K13- iH'j }), admiral of the fleet; son of Sir William Symonds; tactician anil naval reformer: t-rviil in the Crimea; admiral of the fleet, 1879; G.C.&, 1880.
^ William Symonds (1556-1616?), divine; M.A. Magdalen College, 1581, and became master of Magdalen school, 1553: created D.D. 1613: held many church preferments, and at one time resided in Virginia; published theological works.
^ Sir William Symonds (1782–1856), rear-admiral: present at Lord Bridport's action, 1795, and saw a good deal of service: as surveyor of the navy. 1832-47, introduced some important changes in ship construction, notably the elliptical sterns: C.B., 1848; rear-admiral, 1854.
^ William Samuel Symonds (1818 - 1887), geologist and author: educated at Cheltenham and riirist's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1842; rector of Penlock, 1845; published scientific articles in various periodicals, two novels, which went through several editions, and other works.
^ Benjamin Parsons Symons (1785 - 1878), warden of Wadham College, Oxford, and leader of the evangelical party; M.A., Wadham College, Oxford, 1810; fellow, 1812; D.D., 1831: warden, 1831-71: vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1844-8.
^ George James Symons (1838–1900), meteorologist: studied at school of mines, Jermyn Street, London: member of Royal Meteorological Society, c. 1855, secretary, 1878-9 and 1882-99, and president, 1880 and J900; meteorological reporter to registrar-general, 1867 till death; issued, from 1860, thirty-nine animal volumes of statistics of rainfall observations; P.RJB., 1878; began, 1863, issue of a monthly rain circular, which developed, 1806. into Monthly Meteorological Magazine still in oourae of publication; published sereral work! on meteorological subject*.;.L ilL 374
^ Jelinger Cookson Symons (1809–1860), misoellaneouii writ bridge, 1832; appointed commlwlooer to carry oat several Inquiries by the government: barrister. Middle Temple, 1843: editor of the Law Magazine* and Inspector of schools, 1848; published mlsceUaneooj work*. r.o
^ William Penn Symons .XX (1841–1899), major-general: ensign, 1861; captain. 1878; nerved In Kaffraria, 1878, and in Zulu war. 1879: major. 1881: served on staff in expedition to Burma, 188*; l:iirm:i.f.himn in liin-Liwhal expnlition, 1889: C.B., !*): Lriifiwlier-ip-ii-nil in command of di-: 1H5: K.r.R, 1H9R: commander of troop* in Natal, May 1899; temporary lieutenant-general of fourth division of South Africa fluid fr:*W: major-general; died of wound! received at storming of Talana hill, near Dundee.
^ Christopher Sympson (160i?-1669). See Simpson
^ William Sympson (1G27 7-1G71). See Simpson.
^ sox. 8YMSON or 8YMPSON, PATRICK (1 556-1818).
^ 8YNDERCOMB, MILK* (.. 1C57). See Sindercombe.
^ 8YNOE, CHARLES (1789-1854), lieutenant-colonel: I nerved in the Peninsular campaign and distinguished himself at Salamanca; lieutenant-colonel, 1821.
^ Edward Synge (. 1678), Irish bishop : of George Pynge; of Trinity College, Dublin; : bishop of Limerick, 1661; translated to Cork, ! and Ross, 1663.
^ Edward Synge (1659 - 1741), archbishop of Tuam; son of Edward Synge (rf. 1678): educated at Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1677; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin: vicar of Christ Church, Cork; appointed I bishop of Raphoe, 1714, and archbishop of Tuam, 17 If.: resigned a fourth part of his tithes for the improvement of livings in his diocese; became privy councillor, 1716, and one of the keepers of the great seal in 1717-18: opposed the Toleration Bill, 1719; published religious tracts and sermons.
^ SYNGE, GEORGE (1594-1653), bishop of Cloyne: brother of Edward Synge (. 1678); bUhop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford. 1616; consecrated bishop, 1G38-53: was nominated to the archbishopric of Tuam, 1647, but failed to obtain possession on account of the war.
^ William Webb Pollett Synge (18S6-1891). diplomatist and author; attached to the British legation at Washington, 1853; appointed secretary to Sir William Gore Ouseley's mission to Central America, 1856: coMimi--ioiier for the Sandwich islands, 1861; commissary judge in Cuba, 1865; contribute! toPunch the Standard and the Saturday Review," and wa* the author of some other works.
^ Doctor Syntax . See William Combe 1741–1823.
^ Syracuse (STRACUSAXCB), RICHARD OP (rf. 1195).
^ Den Is Taaffe (1743?-1813), Irish political writer ; l.rou-ht up a Roman catholic priest, but became a profr-stant, niul SHb-nu-ntly a catholic again; Joined the United Irishmen ami fought during the rabdBbn in Wi-xtonl: Hiief work, a 4 History of Ireland 1809-11: publishr 1 also pamphlets.
^ Francis Taaffe , fourth VISCOUNT TAAFFE and third EARL. OF CARUXGFORU (1639-1704). Austrian fleldmarshal: second son of Theobald Taaffe, second viscount Taaffe; entered the service of Charles, duke of Lorraine, and saw much active service on the continent, - to relieve Vienna, 1683: found favour with William III, who received him, 1699, and on Leopold, dnke of Lorraine's reinstatement in his dominions, 1697, was made governor of Nancy.
^ John Taaffe (fl. 1685–1708), informer; alias Thomas O'MULLEN and "FATHER VINCENT; after the revolution turned protestant, and was employed by the government in collecting evidence against the Jacobites.
^ Nicholas Taaffe , sixth VISCOUNT TAAFFE (1677-1769), lieutenant-general in the Austrian army; served in the war of the Polish succession, 1734-5, and against the Turks, 1737-9, and was present, at the age of eighty, at the battle of Kolin, 1757; ancestor of the late president of the Austrian ministry.
^ Theobald Taaffe , second VISCOUNT TAAFFE and first EARL OF CABLING FORD (d. 1677), grandson of Sir William Taaffe; commanded the forces of the catholic confederation in Connaught, 1644, and Munster, 1647; defeated by Lord Inchiquiu, 1647; employed in negotiations between Queen Henrietta Maria and the Duke of Lorraine: created Earl of Carlingford at the Restoration,
^ Sir William Taaffe (d. 1627). sheriff of Sligo ; sheriff, 1588; distinguished himself on the landing of the Spaniards at Kinsale, 1601, and in expeditious against the Irish; knighted, 1605.
^ Barons De Tablet . See LEICESTER, SIR JOHN FI.KMINU, 1762-1827; WARREN, JOHN BYRNE LEICESTER, 1835-1895.
^ Tabor or TALBOR, SIR ROBERT (1642?–1681), physician; perfected the cure of ague by quinine; cured Charles II and the dauphin; published IIvperoAo-yia 1672; knighted, 1678.
^ Tache ", ALEXANDRE ANTONIN (1823–1894), Roman catholic archbishop: educated at Quebec and Montreal: went as a missionary to the Indians on the great lakes, and showed much energy in founding missions; the most influential person in the North- West Territories; published works on Canada.
^ Tache ", SIR ETIENNE PASCAL (1795–1866), premier of Canada; uncle of Alexandre Antonin Tache ; a physician; speaker of the legislative assembly and premier, 1856; knighted, 1858.
^ Tache ", JEAN CHARLES (1820–1893), physician and author; elder brother of Alexandra Antonin Tache
^ Edward Tagart (1804–1858), Unitarian divine ; minister of Little Portland Street Chapel, London, 1833; F.L.S., F.Q.Sand F.S.A.; visited the Unitarians in Transylvania, 1H58; publishedLocke's Writings and Philosophy 1855, denying Hume's scepticism to have been its outcome.
^ Marie Taolioni (1809–1884), the most prominent dantenw of the century made her debut in Vienna, 1*22, appearing in Paris, 1827, and in London, 1829, her great parts there being in La Sylphide in La Qitana in the Pas de Quatre 1845, and in Pas dea Deesses 1846; died in straitened circumstances at Marseilles.
^ Robert Tailor (fl. 1614), dramatist: author of The Hog hath lont his Pearle 1614, a play valuable as a storehouse of dramatic allusions; a work entitled Saered Hymn- 1615, also attributed to him.
^ TAIRCELL (d. 696).
^ Archibald Campbell Tait (1811–1882), archbishop of Canterbury; born at Edinburgh, his family j being originally Aberdeenshire yeomen; brought up as a presbyterian and educated at Edinburgh High School. Glasgow University, and BalTol College, Oxford, where he was scholar; took a first-class in classics, 1833; fellow, 1834, and one of the most influential tutors in the university; took charge of the parish of Baldou, 1836: visited Germany, 1839; his conduct during the Oxford movement characterised by broadness of view and tolerance.: one of those who condemned Tract XC. isil,aud signal the counter-memorial in favour of Dr. Renn Dickon Hampden, 1847; succeeded Arnold as head-master of Rugby, 1842; appointed dean of Carlisle, 1849; made bishop of London, 1856; showed great firmness and at the same time broad-mindedness in his treatment of the church controversies of the day connected with ritualism and the freedom of opinion of the clergy, especially in theEssays and Reviewscase, 1860, and in the Colenso case, 1862; withdrew the licence of Poole, curate of St. Barnabas, Pimlico, on account of his practice of confession, 1858; showed himself a vigorous evangeliser, and. preached in omnibus yards, Covent Garden market, London, and elsewhere; began the building of new churches; founded the Diocesan Home Mission, 1857, and the Bishop of London's Fund, 1866; supported the Divorce Bill, 1857,. with modifications to suit the conscientious views of theclergy, aud also the relaxation in the forms of subscription demanded from the clergy, 1865; obtained the opening of Westminster Abbey for the evening services, and worked hard during the cholera epidemic, 1866: becamearchbishop of Canterbury, 1869: at first opposed the Irish. Church Bill, but subsequently recognised the inevitable,, the eventual settlement being largely owing to his patience and goal sense; showed sympathy with the Old Catholic j movement abroad, declared against the use of the Athanasian Creed in the public services, and was instrumental I in passing the Public Worship Regulation Act, 1874, though the final bill was not the measure which he had intended or desired; supported the Burial Act, 1880. No archbishop probably since the Reformation had so much weight in parliament or in the country generally.
^ James Haldane Tait (1771–1845), rear-admiral ; saw much active service; commanded the Jane in theNorth Sea, 1799, and captured fifty-six French and Dutch, vessels; rear-admiral, 1841.
^ Robert Lawson Tait (1845–1899), surgeon: L.R.C.P. and L.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1866; began practice in Birmingham, 1870; F.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1870, and England, 1871; surgeon to Hospital for Diseases of Women,. 1871-93; gained Hastings gold medal of British Medical Association, 1 873; performed operations for removal of an ovary for suppurative disease and extirpation of theuterine appendages to arrest growth of a bleeding myoma, 1872; one of founders of British Gynaecological Society; professor of gynaecology at Queen's College, Birmingham,. 1887; professor of anatomy at Royal Society of Artist* and Birmingham School of Design; published k Diseases of Women 1877, and other works.
^ William Tait (1793–1864), publisher of 'Tait's Edinburgh Magazine 1832-64, a literary and radical magazine, to which Mill, Cobden, and Bright contributed.
^ Catherine Talbot (1721–1770), neice of Charles Talbot, lord chancellor: with her mother lived with Thomas Secker, archbishop of Canterbury; educated by Seeker: became well-known in society. Among her works published after her death nre Reflections on the Seven Days of the Week 1770, Essays 1772, and her Letters 1809.
^ Charles Talbot , twelfth EARL and only DUKK OP SHREWSBURY (1660-1718), son of the eleventh earl; became a protestant, 1679, probably owing to the infliK-m-.of Tillotson; was given places and employments by Charles II and James II, but nevertheless was oue of tlnv foremost in bringing about the revolution: took 11,000*. to Holland for thesupportof Williainlll, 1688, and landed with him in England; made sccn-tary of state, 1689, bat resigned, 1690, on the refusal of the tory parliament to pass the Abjuration Bill; resumed office after much hwitatiou, 1G94, his inconsistent conduct being, it i.restilt of communications with James II; became K.G., Duke of..r.-..hury,audhnidoftheadniinUtra:. and during William Ill's absence, 1696 and 1696, was one of the Ionia justices, and carried on a regular oorrepondeuce with William III; charges -:.1. J u-o bite intrigues brought against him, 1606; with public Rffa i-.andiiiiiillyrei'U'iinl, i;Mi,tl,oiurh v,. readily accepted his explanations; left Kngland to Koine, whence he wrote his celebrated letter to Soiners, Hud I a son, I would sooner bind him a cob!.: courtier, and a tiangman than a statesman*; refusal all invitations to serve the sUte till 1710, wln he was instruni. nt. il in i.nniriiiir uixnit the full of the whirrs nnd beciiinc lord chamberlain; appointed ambassador to France, -ins to hare disapproval of the Utrecht tions ami was recalled; made lonMieutenant of lrrl.i:nl 1713: at the great crisis on the death of Queen Anne, 1714, acted a courageous part ius treasurer ami lord justice, it Ix inir rhietty owing to his conduct that the Hanoverian n was assured; became lord chamberlain t tinnew king, but was not in.-linli-l in tin- c.-ilm.. country place*, 166-4; much trusted by Queen Bilsa man of great personal attractions, and called by Swift the favourite of the nation.
^ Charles Talbot, Baron Talbot of Hensol (1685-1737), lord chancellor; eldest son of William Talbot, bishop of Durham; of Eton aud Oriel College, Oxford; B.A., 1704; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1704; admitted at the Inner Temple, 1707, and at Lincoin's Inn, 1719; M.P., Tregony, 1720, Durham, 1722-7 and 1727-34; LL.B. Lambeth, 1714; solicitor-general, 1726, and lord-chancellor, 1733; created D.C.L., 1735.
^ Sir Charles Chetwynd Talbot , second Earl Talbot of Hensol (1777–1849), eldest son of the first Earl Talbot; created M.A. Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1797; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1817-22; K.C., 1821; supported the extinction of the duties on corn, and made K.G., 1844.
^ Edward Talbot (1555–1595), alchemist. See Edward Kelley.
^ Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (1518-1608), known as Bess of Hardwick; daughter and co-heiress of John Hardwick of Hardwick, Derbyshire; married successively Robert Barlow of Barlow, near Dronfield, Sir William Cavendish, 1549, who purchased the estate of Chatsworth, Sir William St. Loe, and George Talbot, sixth earl of Shrewsbury; inherited their whole estates from all her four husbands, her income being estimated at 60,000l. a year; Mary Queen of Scots entrusted to the care of her and her husband, the sixth earl, 1569, at Tutbury; married her daughter to Charles Stuart, and was imprisoned for a short time in the Tower of london in consequence (Arabella Stuart being the issue of this, marriage). She built, besides Chatsworth (not the present building), Hardwick Hall, and many other houses.
^ Francis Talbot, fifth Earl of Shrewsbury (1500-1560), second son of George Talbot, fourth earl of Shrewsbury; accompanied Henry VIII to Calais, 1522, and assisted his father
^ George Talbot , fourth EARL OF SHREWSBURY and EARL OF WATERFORD (1468-1638), son of John Talbot, third earl of Shrewsbury; K.G., 1488; appointed to several offices of state by Henry VIII: ambassador to Eope Julius II, 1511, aud to Ferdinand of Arregon, 1512, to conclude alliance against France; commanded division in France, 1513: present at the Fic-ld of tin- Cloth of Gold, 15-i: suppressed the northern relitlliou, 1536: received grunts of monastery lands lv. 31!
^ Geo Talbot 1UJK, sixth EARL of SHREWSBURY (15287-1590), elder son of Fraud* Talbot, fifth earl of Shrewsbury; took part in Somerset invasion of Scotland: marriedBess of Hardwick 1 *ee TALBOT, KI.I.M.KTM, 1568, uud was chosen by Quwu Kl..al.eth keeper of Mary Queen of Scot*, who remained his ward at Tutbury, Chatsworth, Sheffield Cuotle, and other of his lv. S2 vant and received embalial by her,. Wonderful ilusttiim second volume, 1804.
^ Gilbert de Talbot, first baron Talbot (1277?-1346), took part in Edward I's expedition into Scotland, 1293; took up arms against the Despensers and was captured at Boroughbridge, 1322; justice of South Wales.
^ Gilbert Talbot, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury (1522-1616), second son of George Talbot, sixth earl of Shrewsbury q. v.; married Mary Cavendish, daughter of Bess of Hardwick, see Talbot, Elizabeth, who had married his father; joined in Bess of Hardwick's intrigues against his father; on his father's death travelled with various memben of the family and his tenantry; arrested by order of Queen Elizabeth, l595, but sent to invest Henri IV with the Garter, 1596.
^ James Talbot, first Baron Talbot de Malahide in the peerage of the United Kingdom, 1856 (1805-1883), son of James Talbot, third baron in the Irish peerage; M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, 1830; lord-in-waiting, 1863-6; president, Archaeological Society, 1863-83, and Royal Irish Academy; F.R.S. and F.S.A., 1858.
^ John Talbot, first Earl of Shewsbury (1388?-1453), second son of Richard Talbot, fourth Baron Talbot; summoned to parliament in right of his wife as Lord Furnivall or Lord Talbot of Hallamshire, 1409-21; deputy constable of Montgomery Castle; assisted in capture of Harlecb Castle, 1409; imprisoned by Henry V on suspicion of lollard tendencies, 1413, but made lieutenant of Ireland, 1414; present at the sieges of Melun, 1420 and Meaux, 1421; fought at Vernueil and won the Garter, 1424; accompanied Bedford to France. 1427, and after much fighting was made governor of Anjou and Maine aud of Falaise; present at the siege of Orleans, 1429; taken prisoner at battle near Patay, remaining captive till 1431; performed many brilliant services in France, including the recouquest of the pays de Canx, the capture of Ivry, aud the capture of Harfleur: made constable of France and Earl of Salop, 1442; sent again to govern Ireland, 1455, and created Earl of Waterford; sent to assist Somerset in Normandy, 1448; on the capitulation of Rouen remained as a hostage for the surrender of Harfleur; finally despatched on an expedition to Aquitaine; took Bordeaux and the whole Bordelais, but was defeated and slain at Castillon. He owed his reputation mainly to his dash and daring.
^ John Talbot, second Earl of Shewsbury (1413?-1460), son of John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury; served in France, 1434 and 1442; chancellor of Ireland, l446; treasurer of England, 1456: chief butler. 1468: killed fighting on Henry VI's side at Northampton.
^ Sir John Talbot (1769?–1861), admiral; entered the navy on the Koreas with Nelson as captain, 178%; saw much sirvu-e; i-apiund the Ville de Milan and b*r prize, the Cleopatra, 18u5, and as captain of the Victorious took the French 74-puii ship Kivoli after a severe engagement, 1*12; admiral, 1841; G.C.B., 1842.
^ Mary Anne Talbot (1778–1808), the Amazon: nerved as a drummer-boy in Flauder*, 17JB. ather in suppressing the Pilgrimage A mo.. of Grace, 153(3-7: made president of the council of the and _as pa bin -boy,u.M!? SjEXtattterf Ul ViTHCt*, 1UU, miUiL UAUDMSWUV vs. **i WMMWI* *. north; took part in the proceedings agaiwt Seymour and i Brunswick, when she was ****** Somerset: acquiesced in Northumberland's rule, but 1 June 1791: after subsequent ad vc welcomed the accession of Queen Mary.
^ Montague Talbot (1774–1831), ctor and manager of Bclfiust, Ncwry, an.l Londoodcrn theatre*. 1809-21; acted first in Ireland, where ho Iwd tome success, then in Wales, London, and I.iNtr.l, ouderthe name of Montotfue: acted at Drury Lan. his own name, 1799 aud mni, nnd nNo in Dul.hn, wher he became a great favourite, unl irrmtly ptvfcrred ta Charles Mathcws, who was rvviviil with r i- of Talbot HU acting is not gem-rally r..rably. and he failed to mnlntnin hi- io-iti.ii on the London statfc. His Ixt chanu-t-rs were Lothario, Edgar in Lear, and old men such a
^ Peter Talbot (1680–1680). titular archbishop of Dublin uu.l je. u.t: -condsonof Sir William Talbot; in various plots to gain assistance for Charles II, .linir about between Ireland and the continent, hut apparently trutol by no party: came to England at the Restoration; consecrated archbishop of Dublin at Ghent, 1669; eniraged in:i dispute about precedency with the primate, Oliver Plunket: nvnvrl a ix'iision of 5XW. from Charles II, and lived at Poole Hall in Cheshire unmolested: was arrested for supposed complicity in the popish plot, lt'7*. and died in Newgate prison, Dublin.
^ Richard de Talbot, second Baron Talbot (1302?-1356), eldest son of Gilbert de Talbot, first baron Talbot; like his father, sided with the Lancastrian uobles against Edward II, and was captured with him at Boroughbridge, 1322: joined Edwanl III and Isabella on their landing in England. Io26; supported Baliol in Scotland, 13:{2. but on Baliol being driven out was taken prisoner; present at the siege of Touruay, 1340, and at that of Morlaix, 1342: served apparently in the Crecy campaign and at Calais, 1346.
^ Richard Talbot (d. 1449), archbishop of Dublin and lord chancellor of Ireland; younger brother of John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury; archbishop, 1417; chancellor of Ireland, 1423; acted frequently as deputy during absence of the viceroys in Ireland; summoned to England charged with abetting rebellion, 1429; opposed the government of the Earl of Ormonde, and both ordered to appear in England to answer for their conduct, 1442 and 1443.
^ Richard Talbot, Earl and titular Duke of Tyrconnel (1630–1691), youngest son of Sir William Talbot; taken prisoner at the rout of Preston's army, 1047; was wounded at the siege of Drogheda, but escaped abroad; returning to England, was arrested by Cromwell on suspicion of plotting his murder, 1 655, but al--o accused by Clarendon of being in the Protector's pay; gentleman of the Duke of York's bedchamber at the Restoration: imprisoned for challenging Ormonde, 1661; fought in the naval action at Lowestoft, 1665; engaged in various love affairs; as spokesman of the Irish Roman catholics opposed Ormonde in Ireland, and was again imprisoned, 1670; arrested for supposed complicity in thepopish plot 1678; given command of the army in Ireland, Ormonde being recalled, and on accession of James II made Earl of Tyrconnel, with chief power in Ireland, and with the object of repealing Act of Settlement, bringing back Roman catholic domination, and making James II independent in England by means of an Irish army; protestant forces disbanded and oath of supremacy dispensed with; made vicero3% 1687; despatched three thousand men to King James's assistance in England; met James II at Kinsale; instigator of all James II's violent proceedings, including the attainder of 2,455 protestant landowners; made duke; commanded at the battle of the Boyne, 1690; advised James's retreat to France, and was left with full powers in Ireland; accused of treachery by the Irish party; left for France after the raising of the siege of Limerick, where he gained the full confidence of James and Louis XIV; returned with money and arms as lord-lieutenant, 1691, and commander-inchief; died of apoplexy shortly after the battle of Aughrim.
^ Robert Talbot (1505?–1558), antiquary ; scholar at Winchester College; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1521; M.A., 1529; got into trouble as a reformer; friend of Leland and praised by Camden and Lambarde; bis only published work, Annotationes in eam partem Antonini itinerarii quae ad Britanniam pertinet
^ Thomas Talbot (fl. 1580), antiquary; clerk of the records in the Tower of London before 1580; compiler of many unpublished collections in the Harleian, Cottonian, and Lansdowne MSS.
^ Thomas Talbot (1771–1853), colonist; younger brother of Sir John Talbot (1769?- 1861) ensign 17*3; attached to the staff of John Graves Simcoe; ouiidcd twenty-eight townships on the north of Lake Erie.
^ Sir William Talbot, first baronet (d. 1633), Irish politician; legal oracle of the catholic party in the House of Commons one of the deputies sent to James I on their behalf; imprisoned in the Tower of London, 1613; created baronet and given grants of land.
^ William Talbot (1659?–1730), bishop of Durham; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1GHO; dean of Worcester, ItiOl; bishop of Oxford, Ki99; supported the condemnation of Saehi-verell, 171U; bishop of Durham, 1721; author of sermons.
^ William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877) pioneer of photography; educated at Harrow; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; Person prizeman, 1820; twelfth wrangler and second chancellor's medallist, 1821; M.A., 1825; invented photogenic drawing 1839, which improved by the talbotype method, subsequently patented by him, was the foundation of the photography of the present day; discovered method of taking instantaneous photographs, 1851, and of photographic enirravintr, 1852; author of mathematical works, of The Pencil of Nature the first book illustrated without aid from the artist, 1844-6, and of other books; F.H.A.S., 1822; F.R.S., 1831; M.P., Chippenham, 1833-4.
^ David Alphonso Talboys (1790?–1840), bookseller at Oxford; translator of Heeren'sResearches 1882.
'^ Gilbert Talboys, Lord Talboys (d. 1530), keeper of Harbottle Castle, 1509; served in French war, 1513; became insane, 1517.
^ Sir William Talboys or Tailboys, styled Earl of Kyme (d. 1464), fined 3,OOW. for assaulting Suffolk, 1449; adherent of the Lancastrian cause: fought at St. Albans, 1461, Hede:eley Moor, 1464, and Hexham, 1464; captured soon after the battle of Hexham and beheaded.
^ Francis Talfourd (1828-18C2), dramatist; eldest sou of Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1852; writer of popular burlesques.
^ Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd (1795–1854), judge and author; educated at Mill Hill dissenting school, and at Reading under Richard Valpy; read law with Joseph Chitty the elder; published Poems on various Subjects 1811; contributed to the Pamphleteer, the New Monthly Magazine and the Retrospective Review especially articles of dramatic criticism, and made acquaintance of Lamb, Wordsworth, and Coleridge; joined the Oxford circuit and became Times reporter; made Serjeant, 1833, and justice ot the common pleas, 1849; M.P., Reading, 1835, 1837, and 1841; introduced the Custody of Infants Bill and Copyright Bill; best known for his tragedy Ion 1835, a drama conceived in the Greek spirit. Amongst his other publications may be noticed his Letters(1837) and Memorials(1848) of Lamb, and his articles on Lord Eldon and Lord Stowell in the Quarterly Review December 1844.
^ Talhaiarn ( 1810-18G9). See John Jones
^ Taliesin (fl. 550), British bard ; perhaps a mythic personage; first mentioned in theSaxon Genealogies appended to the Historia Britonura c. 690. A mass of poetry, probably of later date, has been ascribed to him, and legends told concerning him, printed as Hanes Taliesin in the Cambrian Quarterly Magazine for 1833. The village of Taliesiu in Cardiganshire has sprung up near the supposed site of his grave. TheBook of Taliesiu fourteenth century, is a collection of poems by different authors and of different dates.
^ Francis Tallents (1619–1708), ejected divine; fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge: received presbyterian ordination, 1648; curate of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, 1653; ejected, 1662; after Monmouth's rebellion confined in Chester Castle, 1685; presented purse of gold to James II in recognition of the indulgence, 1686; author of sermons and controversial religious works.
^ Thomas Tallis (1510?–1585), musician; organist at Waltham Abbey, 1540: granted half the lease of the manor of Minster in Thanet by Queen Mary, 1557; with William Byrd was given, by Queen Elizabeth, a monopoly of music-printing for twenty-one years, 1576: buried in Greenwich parish church, since pulled down. During life some five of his anthems were published in Day'sCertayne Notes 1560, and he composed eiirht tunes for Archbishop Parker'sPsalter 1567, and a ninth, intended for Veni Creator Spiritix thers were published in Barnard's Selected Church Mustek 1641, Lowe'sShort ninvrion-i for nUn-lrai Set Uryee's T;,t!M:lnil Mn-i.-. 1 17" an-l l;.:. an.l in collection-, hut innny o! lii or:-i ur.ix-ript. He excelled in !.. ii composition*; be was one of thr lirst to. He represent* tho iv.i.-tion from the excessive complications usual m his day, his litany inone o( the fluent pieces of ancient church nm-ic extant ami tln responses auil some of hi* liymn.mic-. iiilii'hiik my God, this Night, 1 an- in general use, while hU wvenvoiced Miserere la a masterpiece of speculative art (RlTTER).
^ John Talman (l. 1726), amateur William Talman; first director of the Society of Antiquaries, 1718.
^ William Talman ( f. 1670–1700). ud liat,vorth and other IIOUM.*, and of tlie altt-r.itmns to Hampton Court Palace.
^ Thomas Taxmash (1G51 ?-1694). See TOLLEMACHE-
^ Mach lk.
^ Talsarn (1796–1857). See John Jones.
^ Tancred ;HKl.-Ti'HKK (1689–1754), benefactor and horeedealer: publishedEssay for a general Regulation of the Law 1727, in which he elaborated reforms a century in advance of hU age: left his property to found twelve Tancred studentship* at Cambridge and Lincoln's Inn, and for the maintenance of twelve jiersons in a hospital
^ James Napper Tandy ( 1740–1803), United Irishman; born in Dublin; began life as a small tradesman: attacked municipal corruption and became very popular in the city; declared warmly for the American colonies, 1775; became an enthusiastic volunteer, and continued in violent opposition to the government of Ireland; iitrumental in returning C rattan for Dublin, 1790; a leader of the protestant section and upholder of the French revolution: arrested for challenging the attorney-general, 1792; liberated on prorogation of parliament, and instituted unsuccessful proceedings against the Earl of Westmorland, the lord-lieutenant, for false imprisonment: on rejection of the catholic petition commenced further agitation; raised two battalions in Dublin, but the movement failing through the energy of the government, fled to America; visited Paris, 1798, and was given command by the 1M rectory of the Anacreou corvette, with a body of soldiers, with whom he landed in Donegal; issued an absurd proclamation, and took to drinking habits; escaped to Bergen, and travelling to Hamburg was there arrested: taken to Ireland and convicted, but not executed, since doubts arose as to the legality of his arrest; finally liberated through representations made by Bonaparte at I the treaty of Amiens: reached Bordeaux, 1802; well known as the hero of 4 The Wearing of the Green
^ Tanfield Sltt LAWRENCE (d. 1625), judge: M.P. for Woodstock, 15K4, Oxfordshire, 1604; admitted to the Inner Temple, 1569: knighted and made judge, 1606; chief-baron of the exchequer, 1625; well reputed of by his contemporaries, but in some quarters accused of corruption, fraud, and oppression.
^ Earls of Tankerville . See GREY, JOHN, d. 1421; GRKY, FORDK, d. 1701.
^ Robert Tannahill (1774–1810), Scottish songwriter; educated in Paisley; brought up a* a silk- weaver; visited by James Hogg (1770-1835), 1810; drowned himself at Paisley. His poems were published, 1807, the most complete edition lxing that of David Semple, 1873. Among his songs which entitle him to rank with the greatest of Scottish pong-writers are Braes o* GlenifTer * amiJessie the Flower o % Dunblane. 1
^ John Sigismond Tanner (d. 1776), medallist and engraver at the royal mint.
^ Thomas Tanner (16HO-1682), historian: B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1650: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1651: M.A. Edinburgh and Oxford, 1663; ejected, 1660; author ofThe Entrance of Mazzariui 1657, and other work-. lv. 35
^ Thomas Tanner (1674–1735), bishop of St. Asaph and antiquary: educated at Queen's College, Oxford; .M.A., 16V6; D.D., 1710: fellow of All Soul* College, Oxford, 1696; chancellor of Norwich dicoese, 1701: canon of Kly, i;i3..,f :.ll authors noun iMBtl:;r.. !... sjg r. Ill -! tt !.,,... rity; supplied the addition to th -in . i.:,. !....,-,-:..::-.!, tin..;,,,,. oo the county presented by hit ton to the Bail Library; OIL in with fome modification*, bis continuation of his Athens? Oxonienses 1721.
^ Thomas Hawkes Tanner(I ,,bj. sician: M.D. St. Andrews, 1847; member of the Royal ( rihMd !.M. M, NMl.;:.-.;,..- Hi...... If ..ner; published medical work*.
^ James Tannock (1784–183X shoemaker ; housepainter and subsequently portrait-painter.
^ TANS TJR, WILLIAM (16M 7-178SX pnlmodUt.
^ John Tanswkll (1800–1864). arcluMlogist ; author ofThe History and Antiquities of Lambeth 1868.
^ Thomas Tany (ft. 1649–1655), fanatic and goldsmith: claimed to bea Jew of the tribe of Reuben 1649; proclaimed the rebuilding of the Temple. 1680, and himself ashigh priest Earl of Essex, heir to the throne, and king of France: imprisoned in Newgate for blasphemy, 1661: awaulted men at the pariiament-hoose, 1654, and finally disappeared; author of pantheistic tracts, illiterate, but with occasional beautie*.
^ Tanymarian (1822–1885). See Edward Stephen.
^ John Tapp (Jl. 1596–1615), writer on navigation : author of The Arte of Navigation translated f roui the Spanish by Richard Eden and nowcorrectfi by J. T.; 1596.
^ Viscocxt Tara (1585–1665). See Thomas Preston.
^ Viscount Tarbat (1630–1714). See George Mackenzie.
^ Sir Banastre Tarleton , baronet (1754–1833), general: educated at Liverpool and Oxford: became, rnriiet in (ieorge I II's dragoon guards, 1775, and accompanied rornwallis to America; took part in the attack under Clinton on Charleston, and in the capture (.f N.-uYork and other places, also in the seizure of General Lee and in the operations of January 1777 under Cornwallis: present (1777) at the battle of Brandywine and capture of Genuantown and Philadelphia: took part in Clinton march to New York: distinguished himself in the capture of Charleston, 1780: defeated Burford at Waxhaws and gained honourable mention in despatches at Cornwall's victory (1780) at Camden, and elsewhere; defeated Sumpter at Blackstock Hill, but suffered a revewe at Cowpens; defeated Lafayette and Wayne near Jamestown, 1781, held Gloucester, and on capitulation of that Place with Yorktown, returned to England, 1782; M.P., Liverpool 1790-1806 and 1807-12; held several honxmilitary appointment*: publishedHistory of the Oam$gSs of 1780 and 1781 1781; general, 18U: created baronet, 1815; G.C.B., 1820.
^ Tarlton iUCHARD (d. 1588),ctor: of humble origin and irain rte.-t education; introduced to Queen Elizabeth through the Earl of Leicester, whose servant his haoDV unhappy answers had attracted; instituted one of Q P un Sbeth's twelve player* 1683: attai.1 an immense popularity by his comic acting, imprortaitions of doggerel verseTnrletonirin*and jigs; led a dissipatellife and died in poverty: probaWv to be fclenSrecTwSh Spenser'sPleasant Willyand Bhataveare'H Yorick: reputed author of semml songs, which however, probably wrongly ascribed to htm. Many toUtious anecdotes connected with htm were published, notably Tarlton's JesU 159J ?-1611 T, in * P'Jjj
^ Tarras, Earl of (l44-16M). See Walter Scott.
^ John Tarrino (1806–1878), architect ; ' theOUbert Scott of the dissenters
^ Edward John Tarver (1841–1891), archlteot : 000 of John Claries Tanrer
^ John Charles Tarver (1790–1851), educational writer; born ut Dieppe, and to-other ith his parent-; thrown into prison on tin- outbreak of the war with England. 17i)3; educated in France; published Itoyal i'lirnseol_'uil Kiu'l.sh-French and French-English Dictionary IMS; tutor to Prince George, duke of iamhri.lie, lsis: French master at Eton, 1826; author also ofL'lnferno, cu franeais 1824, and other French educational works.
^ Elzear Alexandre Taschereau (1820-]1898), Canadian cardinal; educated at the Quebec seminary; ministered to Irish emigrants stricken with typhus on Urosse island, 1847; superior of the Quebec seminary ami rector of Laval University, 1842: archf Quebec. 1871-98; first Canadian cardinal, 1886.
^ William Tasker (1740–1800), poet and antiquary: B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1762; rector of Iddesleieh;a well-known physiognomist and Greek scholar: his interview with Dr. Johnson, 1779, one of the most life-like passages in Boswell; author of Ode to the Warlike Genius of Great Britain._ 1778,An Ode to Curiosity (2nd edit. 1779), translations, and other works.
^ James Tassie (1735–1799), modeller; began life as a stonemason; invented, together with Quin, the white enamel composition used for his medallion portraits and reproduction of gems; produced a large number of reproductions of gems enumerated by Rudolf Eric Raspe in his Descriptive Catalogue 1791.
^ William Tassie (1777–1860), modeller; nephew of James Tassie, to whose business he succeeded, the collection of impressions amounting finally to twenty thousand specimens; his portrait medallions inferior to his uncle's.
^ Thomas Pitt Taswell-Langmead (1840-1882).
^ Alexander Norman Tate (1837–1892), analytical chemist; devoted himself especially to the study of American petroleum, and wrotePetroleum and its Products 1863; practised in Liverpool and elsewhere; specialist in the analysis of oils and fats; founded the Liverpool operativesscience classes, 1871.
^ Christopher Tate (1811–1841), sculptor.
^ Francis Tate (1560–1616), antiquary ; of Magdalen College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1587; original member and secretary of the Society of Antiquaries; M.P., Northampton, 1601, Shrewsbury, 1604-11; justice itinerant in Wales: J.P., Glamorganshire, Brecknockshire, and Radnorshire; his antiquarian collections afterwards used by Camden and others.
^ George Tate (1746–1821), admiral in the Russian navy; said to have distinguished himself in engagements against the Turks and Swedes; wounded at the capture of Ismail, 179U.
^ George Tate (1805–1871), topographer and naturalist; brother of Thomas Tate; began life as a linendraper; postmaster, 1848: active in all public movements in the town; published History of Alnwick 1865-9, besides works on archaeology and natural history.
^ Sir Henry Tate, first baronet (1819–1899), public benefactor; altered firm of sugar refiners at Liverpool; patented invention for cutting up sugar-loaves, 1872; came to London, 1880, and rapidly made large fortune from Tate's c-.ibe sugar; formed at Park Hill, Slreutham, a valuable collection of works by contemporary masters, which he offered to the nation on condition that the government should find a site for a gallery which he would build; the building erected on ground occupied by Millbank Prison (demolished, 1893), and opened, 1897, as National Gallery of British Art (known as the Tate Gallery); created baronet, 1898.
^ James Tate (1771–1843), schoolmaster and author; educated at Richmond School and at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1707; fellow, 1795; master of Richmond grammar school, 1796-1833; an admirable classical scholar and successful schoolmaster; chief work, Hortius ReBtltutus 1832.
^ Nahum Tate (1652–1715), poetaster and dramatist; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1672; published a volume of poems, 1677, and brought out several plays, his alteration ofKing Iear in which Cordelia survives and marries Edgar, holding the stage till about 1840; wrote, with Dyden's assistance, the second i:irt of 'Absalom and Achitophel 1682; appointed poet latm-:it-, 1692, and historiographer-royal, 1702; published, with Nicholas Brady, the well-known New Version " the Psalms in metre, 1696; the Christmas hymn, While shepherds watched attributed to him; wrote mainly as editor or translator: his chief original poem being 'Panacea a Poem on Tea 1700. In the Dunciad his work is labelled as Tate's poor page.
^ Thomas Tate (1807–1888), mathematician; brother of George Tate (1805-1871); mathematical and scientific master at Battersea, 1840-9, and Knellur colleges, 1849-56; F.R.A.S., 1851; inventor of the Tate double-piston air-pump; published mathematical works and a Philosophy of Education 1854.
^ William Tate (1750?–1806), portrait-painter.
^ Zouch Tate (1606–1650), parliamentarian; nephew of Francis Tate; cf Trinity College, Oxford; mover of the self-denying ordinance, 1644.
^ Charles Heathoote Tatham (1772–1842), architect; worked under Henry Holland (1746?-1806) , and designed the decorations for Drury Lane Theatre, London; visited Italy, 1794; published Ancient Ornamental Architecture at Rome and in Italy, 1 1 799, and collected a fine assemblage of antique fragments, now in Sir John Soane's collection; exhibited at the Royal Academy, and carried out architectural and decorative work in various houses in the severe classical style; fell into pecuniary difficulties, 1834; made warden of Holy Trinity Hospital, Greenwich.
^ Edward Tatham (1749–1834), controversialist; of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A., 1776; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1781, appointed rector, 1792-1834; D.D., 1787; preached a famous sermon, c. 1802, on the disputed verse in St. John's first epistle (v. 7); opposed the new examinations; published The Chart and Scale of Truth by which to find the Cause of Error (his Bampton lectures, 1790), a famous series of discourses embodying a new system of logic, much praised by Burke, and other political and miscellaneous works and pamphlets.
^ Henry Tattam (1789–1868), Coptic scholar; incumbent of Stanford Rivers, 1849; hon. LL.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1845: D.D. Gottingen, and doctor of philosophy, Leyden; archdeacon of Bedford, 1845; F.R.S., 1835; works include A Compendious Grammar of the Egyptian Language 1830, The Ancient Coptic Version of the Book of Job 1846.
^ John Tatham (fl. 1632–1664), dramatist and city poet; writer of the city pageants, 1657-64, and author of several playsLove crowns the End 1640,The Distracted State 1651, aimed against sectaries and the Scots, The Scots Figparies 1652, and The Rump 1660, which had considerable influence in preparing the political transition of several pageants, and of at least two volumes of verse, Fancies Theater 1640. and Ostell 1650.
^ William Tatham (1752–1819), soldier and engineer; went to America, 1769, and became a clerk in a merchant's office; took part in the revolutionary war; fought at the siege of Yorktown, 1781, and was employed in various official capacities; author of several works; committed suicide.
^ George Tattersall (1817–1849), 'Wildrake,' artist; grandson of Richard Tattersall; published 'The Lakes of England 1836, with beautiful outline drawings; Sporting Architecture 1841; Cracks of the Day 1841, and with Henry Alkcn illustrated NimrodV. Hunting Reminiscences 1843, the engravings in the two latter works being greatly prized. He alto contributed illustrations of great merit to other works.
^ Richard Tattersall (1724–1795), founder of Tattersall's; second son of Edmund Tattersall of Ridge and Hurstwood; became stud-groom to Evelyn 1'icrrepont, second Duke of Kingston; set up as a horse auctioneer at Hyde 1'ark r O rm-r. 1766, wln-rv hi* honesty ami minf*slike pm-ision hrutiirht Inn. tle highest patronage. fitt.-l up hiMiWriptii.!! runni and entertatned tin- Prince t vi,.ria Fox, Wtadbam, tad others at hi* seat, llitflinjer Hall, n.itr Ky
^ William de Chair Tattersall (1752–1889), editor of psalmody;..hn-at.-.l nt. -. n.rit Chnn-li. Oxford: M.A., 1777; rvctOT of WestiHMirii-: published, r Paraphrase of the 1 "- "1 to the Purposes* Devo tiou 1789, and tbe Improved Psalmody 1794.
^ Tatwin, Tatuini or Tadwinus (d. lifS), bishop of Canterbury. 731: a Mercian and priwt of monastery culled Briudtm or Bredou, in WoruesU. bore a high character for religion, prudence, aud Moral Uannuf. Forty enigmas written in Latin hexameters an- Attributed to him, and other poems.
^ Matthkw Tattbman (rf.lG90?), city poet: author of An Heroic Poem to his Koyal Highness the Duke of York 1688,Loyal Poems and Satyr* 1685, and various piece* celebrating the inauguration of the lord mayors.
^ Nathanael Taubman (d. 17*0 ?X coaxial? at Leghorn aud author; sou of Matthew Taabmau q. T.I "1
^ Taunton first BAHOX (1798-1 niKKK, HKXHY. Iv. 390 'X See Henry Labouchere.
^ John Taunton (1769–1821), surgeon; became a , pupil of Henry dine at St. Thomas's Hospital, Loudon; demonstrator of anatomy at Ouy's Hospital,; London, and suiyoon to the city dispensary, l0l; founded tbe City of London Truss Society, 1807.
^ Sir William Elias Tattnton (1778–1835), jus- I ticeof the king's bench, 1K30: educated at Westminster ! and Christ Church, Oxford; chancellor's prizeman for the English essay, 1793; M.A., 179G; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1799; published legal works.
^ Tautph (EUS, BARONBM vox, originally Jemima Montgomery (1807–1893), novelist of foreign manners; I author of The Initials 1850, and other novels of merit. I
^ John Taverner (Jl. 1530), musician ; presumably identical with the Taverner of Boston who was made by Wotaey master of tbe choristers at Cardinal College (Christ Church), e. 1525; composed masses, motets, and rang*, Jv.it, us far as is known, no instrumental music, almost nil remainiug in manuscript; lost of the pre- Reformation composers.
^ John Taverner (1581–1638), professor of music at Oreaham (Allege; grandson of Richard Taverner ; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1606 (incorporated at Oxford, 1606); professor, 1610-38.
^ Richard Taverner (1505?-1575), religious re- ! former and author: often confused with John Taverner (fl. 1530); educated at Cardinal's College, Oxford, and at Cambridge; M.A.: patronised by Wotaey, and, on his fall, by Cromwell, for whom he wrote works supporting the Reformation, including hU English version of the bible, 1539, which was a revised edition of Matthew's, and a commentary on the epistles ami gospels, 1540; clerk of the privy seal, 1536, which he retained till the accession of Queen Mary; sent to the Tower of London, 1541, on the faU of Cromwell, but released, and was granted ly Henry VIII various estates: M.P., Liverpool, 1645; licensed to preach, 1562: under Queen Elizabeth J.P. and high sheriff of Oxfordshire: author of several religious works and translations from Erasmus.
^ Roger Taverner (d. 1588), economic writer: brother of Richard Taverner; educated at Cambridge; wrote ou the scarcity of provisions; became surveyor-general of woods, c. 1640; M.P., Launcestou, 1554.
^ William Taverner (-. 1731), dramatist: procurator-general of the court of arches at Canterbury: author of "The Artful Husband (produced, 1717), and of other plays of little uii-rit.
^ William Taverner (1703–1772), procurator general uud artist; son of William Taverner (d. 1731) q. v. lv. 396
^ Taxbter orTAYSTS*. :n I ti-r portion from towards Uw mk tury it by far tbe most valm Simon de Montfort. ntrr i. :
^ Charles Benjamin Tayler (1797–1876 M L, Mrilg ..;:..-.. Om :.-. Mi M. M..:.;-t,,,;,.,..,...-. writer for the young.
^ Tayler Fill.!
^ John James Tayler (1797-18W), Unitarian divine; educated at Manchester College, York; IJ.A. cbesterT'vlsited inteiS Jed siastical htetory at Manchester New College. 1840, pro. fe rf Of V"** 1862 *** principal, 1868: publiabed religious and other works.
^ Joseph Needham Tayler (1786-18C4). rearadmiral; enterel the navy on the Royal Geoive, 1796. ami V witnessal the mutiny at Spithead, 1797: wounded at the siege of St. Sebastian; C.B., 1816; rear-admiral. 1846.
^ William Tayler (1808–1893), Indian youiik'er brother of Frederick Tayler; educated at tin- Charterhouse, London; appointed assistant-commissioner of Cuttack, 1830; during the mutiny be grave mistakes; suspended, 1869; published works deal* ing with his case and ou India.
^ Abraham Taylor (. 1737–1740), independent tutor; minister at Deptford, 17*8; preacher and divinity tutor; D.D.; published religious and! controversial works.
^ Alfred Swaine Taylor jurist; student of Guy's and St. Thomas's hospitals, London: travelled and studied abroad; professor of medical jurisprudence at Guy's Hospital, 1831-77, and lecturer on rl.rmi-try, 1&E2-70; authority as a witness in poisoning trials; invented valuable improvements in Talbot's photographic processes, including tin- u.*e of byposulphate of lime as a fixer; editor of the London Medical Gazette 1HH-51; F.U.C.P., 1853: F.H.S., ISIS; published, among other books, A Manual of Medical Juri-prudencc 1844, The Principles aud Practice of Medical Jurisprudence 1865, ami Poisons in Relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medicine 1848, standard works throughout tbe world.
^ Mrs. Ann Taylor, originally Ann Martin (1757-1830), authoress; married Isaac Taylor (1769-1829)
^ Ann Taylor (1782–1866). See Ann Gilbert.
^ Brook Taylor (1685–1731), mathematician: LL.D. St. John's College, Csonbridgi-. 1714: ivnvsponded with John Keill and sent a solution of the pn.l.Km involved in Kepler's second law of planetary motion to John Machin, 1712; FJU*., 1712, and first secretary, 1714; puhlislu-1 solution of the problem of tlte centre of o,oillation, 1714(obtaiml in 17iM: published hidua Incrementorum Directa ct Invers*,* 1716 (the flrt treatise dealing with the calculus of finite differences containing Taylor's Theorem and other original solutions and formulas; Linear Perspective 171 Principles of Linear Perspective 1719, and other works.
^ Sir Brook Taylor (1776–1846), ambassador; brother of Sir Herbert Taylor; G.C.H n 18*2.
^ Charles Taylor (1756-1W8), Mdufeaod engraver; son of Isaac Taylor (1780-1807); articled to bis father and studied under Bartolozzi: editor of re timiarv i)I tin- Hilil: published J'ir turaquc Beauties of Shakespeare 17s:, and other works.
^ Christopher Taylor (d. 1686), quaker schoolmuter: brother of Thomas Taylor (1618-1682); B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1G36; became puritan minister: converted by George Fox, 1652; started a school at Walthain Abbey, 1670; followed William Peun to Pennsylvania, 1682; published religious works.
^ Dan Taylor (1738–1816), founder of the new connexion of general baptists; son of a miner in Yorkshire; joined the Wesleyans, 1759, but withdrew, 1762; baptised in the river Idle, 1763, and ordained baptist pastor at Wad-worth; did not leave the old general assembly till 1803, though the formation of a new connexion wan resolved upon under his auspices at Lincoln on the spread of auti-trinitarian views in the general assembly, 1769; author of religious works.
^ Edgar Taylor (1793–1839), solicitor, legal writer, translator, and biographer; dissenter; grandson of John Taylor (1694-1761); author of German Popular Stories- translated from the Grimms, 1824-6, The New Testament... revised (posthumous), 1840, and other works.
^ Edward Taylor (1784–1863), Gresham professor of music; son of John Taylor (1750-1826); ironmonger at Norwich; promoter of the first triennial Norwich musical festival, 1824, and vocalist; friend of Spohr, whose works he translated and introduced at Norwich; Gresham professor, 1837-63: author of songs, words of songs, adaptations, and other works.
^ Emily Taylor (1795–1872), authoress; sister of Edgar Taylor
^ George Ledwell Taylor (1788–1873), architect; travelled abroad and discovered the famous Theban hon at Chaeronea, 1818; surveyor of buildings to the naval department, 1824; laid out Westbourne Terrace, London, and neighbouring squares, 1843-8; wrote The Stones of Etruria and Marbles of Antient Rome 1859, and other works.
^ Harriette Deborah Taylor (1807–1874).
^ Helen Taylor (1818–1885), writer of religious works for children; granddaughter of Isaac Taylor (17591829)
^ Henry Taylor (1711–1785), theological writer; educated at Hackney and at Queens College, Cambridge; fellow, 1733: M.A., 1735: rector of Wheatfield and other livings; espoused the Apolliuarian heresy in The Apology of Ben Mordecai 1771-7.
^ Taylor Sm HENRY (1800–1886), author of 'Philip van Artevelde held a small official appointment in London, 1817-20: returned home, 1820, and wrote poetry and articles on Moore and Lord John Russell accepted by theQuarterly Review wrote also for theLondon Magazine; given an appointment in the colonial office 1824; became acquainted with Southey, Wordsworth, Mill, and Sir James Stephen; finished his tragedy, Isaac Comnenus 1828, a failure; published Philip van Artevclde 1834, which was a great success (though failing on the stage in 1847), and The Statesman nn ironical exposition of the arts of succeeding, 1830; supported the policy of melioration and not abolition of the slave laws, advised the suppression of the West Indian assemlies, and approved of Governor Eyre's action, 1865 I hihp van Artevelde (modelled upon the Elizabethan Jrama) has great interest as a psychological study.
^ Taylor 8m HERBERT (1775–1839), iieutenantirt-neral; a good linguist; employed by Lord Grenville is his secretary and in the foreign office; saw active wrvice m tlie Duke of York's campaign in the Netherlands, and made lieutenant in the 2nd dragoon guards served on foreign missions; secretary to the Duke of York, 1794, to George III, 1806, to Queen Charlotte and k "HSS IV: commissioner by the regency act of IIVe, II 8 f, e8t ? te; "Hreneral, 1825; adjutantTV. T for08B 1828: dcf del George III and i ~ ir ~" * Remarks &c., 1888; G.CJJ., 1834. ,
^ Isaac Taylor 17:;u lsu7). engraver; made his way to London, c. 1752; ei.-uu-d phiU-s for tlie tienth man's Magazine and concentrated his attention OH book illustration, including those for Owen's Dictionary Chainbers's Cy.-jopa-dia and Riehardon4 Sir Charles Grandison 1778; excelled al?o as a portraitpainter; fellow and secretary of the Society of Artists.
^ Isaac Taylor (1759–1829), engraver and writer for the young; sou of Isaac Taylor (1730-1807); brought up in the studio of his father; engraved plates for Boydell's bible andShakespeare; publishedSpecimens of Gothic Ornaments seleotal from the Parish Church of Lavenham 1796, and produced other succe-fnl engravings; nonconformist pastor of Ongar, where he published a series of children's manuals.
^ Isaac Taylor (1787–1865), artist, author, and inventor; son of Isaac Taylor of Ongar (1759-1829) ; began life as an engraver; his work much admired by Rossetti and Gilchrist; early turned his attention to literature, and wrote a large number of works, includingThe Elements of Thought 1823,The Natural History of Enthusiasm 1830, by which he is best known,Fanaticism 1833.Spiritual Despotism 1835, Ancient Christianity and the Doctrines of the Oxford Tracts 1839-40, and The Restoration of Belief 1855; regarded by some as the greatest lay theologian since Coleridge: his attention especially drawn to the problems presented by the corruptions of the Christian church; perfected an ingenious machine for engravingupon copper.
^ James Taylor (1745–1797), china-painter and magazine-illustrator; brother of Isaac Taylor (1730-1807)
^ James Taylor (1753–1825), engineer : educated at Edinburgh University; became tutor to the sons of Patrick Miller, and suggested to him the employment of William Symington's steam-engine in his boats.
^ James Taylor (1788–1863), bimetallist and author; brother of John Taylor (1781-1864).
^ James Taylor (1813–1892), divine and M.A. St. Andrews. 1843; minister at St. Andrews and Glasgow; secretary to the Scottish board of education, 1872, advocate of popularly elected educational authorities, clear and accurate historian: author of The Pictorial History of Scotland 1852-9, and other works.
^ Jane Taylor (1783–1824), writer for the young; daughter of Isaac Taylor (1759-1829); together with her sister Ann published Original Poems for Infant Minds 1804, which attained an immense popularity, and Rhymes for the Nursery 1806, which included her poem Twinkle, twinkle, little Star; published, with her sister, Hymns for Infant Minds 1810, and other works: published, among other books, Display, a Tale for Young People 1815, and Contributions of Q.Q.,* 1824; admired by Browning and Sir Walter Scott.
^ Jefferys Taylor (1792–1853), writer for children: youngest son of Isaac Taylor (1759-1829); invented a ruling-machine for engravers; author of humorous and fanciful children's books.
^ Jeremy Taylor (1C13-16C7), bishop of Down and Connor, and administrator of Dromore; descendant of Rowland Taylor, the martyr; Perse scholar at Gouville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1628: fellow, 1633; M.A., 1634; attracted Laud's attention by his preaching in London; sent by Laud to Oxford: made fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1635; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1635; chaplain to Laud and to Charles I: of high repute as a casuistical preacher; rector of Uppingham, 1638; preached his * gunpowder treason * sermon in St. Mary's, Oxford, 108. upholding the penal legislation of Queen Elizabeth: made rector of Overstone, 1643; taken prisoner in the royalist defeat before Cardigan Castle, 1645; retired to Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire, where some of his best work, including the Liberty of Prophesying 1646, the Holy Living 1650, and the Holy Dying 16&1, was composed; n reived from Charles I, shortly before his execution, his watch and some jewels; preached in London occasionally; prisoner at Cheptow, 1655; accepted lecture-bipat Portuiore, near Lisburn, 1658; dedicated his linear I 166U, to Charles II; made bi.-hop i. minor, v.:..olv.-l 111 d.-puti- with dependent.! al-o.id::.: Dro more ilux-c-i. where he built the present Cathedra! ( ron .;-!. lif.l ); dedi.Mt.-d to (inn.. 'Confirmation 1CC3: published his Dissuasive froui 1'optT Il; ple.idul lor an English bishopric. Liberty of Prophesying is a practical rather than theoretical treatise on tolerance, while the * Holy 1. andHoly Dying with theWorthy Communicant ", may be said to offera complete summary of the , and specimen of the devotions, of a Christian df;:i 1:1. His literary genius is bast teen in his sermons. He was also a writer of verse described as Eloquence, not Poetry Among his other works may be mentioned A Discourse of Auxiliary Beauty 1660, and A Discourse of Friendship 1667.
^ John Taylor (d. 1534) master of the rolls; of humble origin; doctor of civil and canon law of some foreign university (incorporated at Cambridge, 1520, Oxford, 1522): prebendary of Lichfleld. 1609, and of Westminuter, 1518; sent on various mission! abroad: accompanied Heury VIII in his campaign in France, 1518, and to the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1620; ambassador to France, 1526 and 1531; muster of the rolls, 1527.
^ John Taylor (1503?–1554) bishop of Lincoln; probably a relative of John Taylor (d. 1534); M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1627; fellow, e. 1624: master of St. John College, Cambridge, 1638, which post he was obliged to resign owing to dissension", 1647; l.-ni of Lincoln, 1544-52; was imprisoned for reformed opinions, 1646, but soon retracted: under Edward VI supported the marriage of priests, and was one of the commissioners appointed to draw up the first Prayerbook, 1548; bishop of Lincoln, 1652; deprived, 1554.
^ John Taylor (. 1555).
^ John Taylor (1580–1653), the 'water-poet'; born of humble parentage at Gloucester; sent to Gloucester grammar school, but being mired in bis Latin accidence, was apprenticed to a London waterman; pressed Into the navy, and was present at the siege of Cadiz, 1596; retiring, became a Thames waterman and collector of the lieutenant of the Tower's perquisite of wine; discharged before 1622; increased his diminishing earnings by rhyming, and had a great talent for expressing himself in rollicking prose and verse; ridiculed In his Sculler 1612, Thomas Coryate, who appealed to superiour powers to defend him; obtained the patronage of Ben Jonson and other men of genius, and diverted both court and city; arranged the water pageant at the marriage of the Princess Elizabeth, 1613, and composed the triumphs at the pageant* of the lord mayors; visited the continent, 1616; went on foot from London to Braemar, 1618; started from London to Queenborough in a brownpaper boat and narrowly escaped drowning; visited the queen of Bohemia at Prague, 1620, and accomplished other journeys, each one resulting in a booklet with an odd title; on the outbreak of plague retired to Oxford, 1625, and was lodged in Oriel College: again visited Oxford, 1642: at surrender of Oxford, 1645; returned to London and took the Crown public-house (now the Ship) In Hanover Court, Long Acre: published a collective edition of his works, All the Workes of lohn Taylor, the Water Poet 1630 (with other pieces were reprinted by the Spenser Society, 1868-9). As literature his books do not rank high, but they are of great value to the historian and antiquary.
^ John Taylor (1600?–1665), diplomatist: student at the Inner Temple, 1619; employed at foreign embassies: sent to Vienna to accomplish the restitution of the Palatinate to the elector, exceeded his instructions. and was recalled and committed to the Tower of London; subsequently agent for Charles II at foreign court*. to the Roman Hebrew- Concordance adapted nrrtseriowattemplto j ture Account of 1 v.
^ John Taylor 17..I 17flCXcla*ic:.! 'liege, Cambridge, fd low. 1729; patronlwd by Carter*;
^ John Taylor (1703–1772), itinerant oculist; commonly known as the Chevalier; HiM.Miil. London: practiMd at Norwich and Inmmjul Kngland, Praiuw.and Hii:in.i: M.D. Boate, 17U. LI** Md. atogn*:.,:, ----------,,..,,.. i. i,; operator, but advertised like a charlatan: waa the subject otmany satires; author of treatiaa on the eye and a bombastic autobiography.
^ John Taylor (1724–1787), oculist: son of John -2): published a scorriloo. Life * of his father, 1761.
^ John Taylor 1171 1-17**.). friend of Dr. Johnson; educated with Dr. Johnson at Lu-iitieid grammar *cbool; of Christ Church, Oxford: rector of Market Boswortu. 1740: chaplain to the Duke of Devonshire, 1787; prvbail*ry of: 746: often visited by Dr. Johnnoit at his residence at Ashbourne: supplied information to Boswell for the Life; author of sermons believed to bo largely Johnson's composition.
^ John Taylor (1746?–180GXland* P e-painter. Iv 4461
^ John Taylor (rf. 1808), writer on India: officer lu the Bombay army.
^ John Taylor (1743–1818), baptist n, younger brother of Dan Taylor
^ John Taylor (,. 1 821) translator from the Sanskrit; M.D. Edinburgh, 1804,
^ John Taylor (1750–1826), hymn- writer and founder of the literary family of the Taylor of Norwich: grandson of John Taylor (1694-1761); prominent member of the Octagon chapel. Norwich: author of rang*. including "The Trumpet of Liberty 1791, vom hymns.
^ John Taylor (1757–1832), miscellaneous writer: sou of John Taylor (1724-1787); oculist toliiw.- Ill: dramatic critic of the Morning Post and later editor: proprietor of the True Briton and of the Sun; anthor ofMonsieur Tonson(a dramatic poem, rehearsed itt Drury Lane, London, 1821), and other works.
^ John Taylor (1739–1838) portrait-painter.
^ Sir John Taylor (1771-1H43), lieutenant-general; commanded a battalion of the Connaught Rangers; in the Peninsular war; severely wounded at Orthes; K.C.B., 1834; lieutenant-general, 1837.
^ John Taylor (1779–1863), mining engineer: sou of John Taylor (1760-1826)
^ John Taylor (1781–1864), publisher; proprietor of the London Magazine and editor (1821-4); author of The Identity of Junius... established, 1816, which first publicly identified Junius with Sir Philip Francis, and of books on the currency.
^ John Taylor (1829–1895), author; elected librarian of the Bristol Library Society, lH:t; writer on the history and antiquities of Bristol and the v founder of divin
^ John Taylor (1694–1761) dissenting divine and hebraist; ordained by dissenting minister Norwich, 1733; founded the Octagon chapel there, 1754; D.D. Glasgow; divinity tutor in Warrington academy, 1757; author of several important works, including The Scripture Doctrine of Original Sin 1740 (against Calvlnistic views), and A Paraphrase... oil the BpfeUe to
^ John Edward Taylor (1791 ' theManchester Guardian educated at his father classical school at Manchester; became iNUtner in a cotton manufactory; one of the founder* of the Junior Literary and Philosophical Society: contributed powerful liberal articled to the Mancluater Gazette: in. libel of John Greenwood, 1819, but cnlling evidence of truth acquitted by the jury: signal the Declaration and Protest on the occasion of the Petcrloo Mass* and publishedNotes and Explanation*... relative to the Internal State of the Country 1819; founded the Manchester Guardian; 1821.
^ John Elt Taylor .oR (Z7- ISO:.), popular science writer; editor of the Norwich 1'eoplcV Journalami scientific lecturer; author of Half-hours at the 187*, and other popular scientific works; editor of Hanla-c Gossip 1872--J3.
^ John Taylor * SYDNEY (1795–1811), journalist : ll.A. Trinity College, Dnbliii, 1814: barrister, Middle Temple, 1824; contributor to theMorning Chronicle editor of the Morning Herald; author of works on punishment of crime.
^ Joseph Taylor (1586?–1653?), nctor ; acted at the Globe aiid Blackfriars theatres, London; one of the kind's players; one of the twenty-si x principal actors in nil these plays* mentional in the list prefixed to the folio 'Shakespeareof 1623, two of his parts being Hamlet and Othello; acted in Jonson's and in Beaumont and Fletcher's plays.
^ Meadows Taylor (18J8-1876), Indian officer and novelist; gre.it grandson of John Taylor (1694-1761); entered the house of a Bombay merchant, and subsequently the ni.aiu's service in a military, and then civil, capacity; Times correspondent, 1840-53; carried out pacification of the state of Shorapore, 1841, and on the outbreak of the mutiny kept the district of Booldana in North Berar quiet: author of 4 Confessions of a Thug 1839, a very successful book, and of five other brilliant novels delineating epochs of Indian history, also of Story of My Life (edited by his daughter, 1877).
^ Michael Angelo Taylor (1757–1831), polltician; son of Sir Robert Taylor; B.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford, 1778; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1781; called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1774; M.P., Poole, 1781-90, Heytesbury, 1790-1, Aldborough, 1796-1800, Durham, 1800-2, Rye, 1806-7, Ilchester, 18U7-12, Poole, 1812-18, Durham, 1818-31, Sudbury, 1832-4; called Father of the House; began as a tory and supporter of Pitt, but gradually became whig, voting for dismissal of the tory ministers, 1797; one of the managers at impeachment of Warren Hastings; drew attention to chancery delays and defective condition of the London streets, the Metropolitan Paving Act, 1817, being still called by his name; privy councillor, 1831.
^ Michael Waistell Taylor (1824–1892), antiquary and physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1843; discovered the contamination of milk by scarlet fever; made several local archaeological discoveries; published * Old Manorial Halls of Cumberland and Westmoreland 1892.
^ Peter Taylor or Patrick (1756–1788), decorative artist; painted one of the few authentic portraits of Burns.
^ Peter Alfred Taylor (1819–1891), radical politician; silk mercer: friend of Mazzini and chairman of the Society of Friends of Italy; M.P., Leicester, 1862-1884: represented the Manchester school.
^ Philip Taylor (1786–1870), civil engineer; son of John Taylor (1750-1826); began life as a surgeon and chemist; invented wooden pill-boxes; took out a patent for lighting buildings by oil-gas, 1824, and for other inventions; founded engineering and other works in France.
^ Policarpus Taylor (d. 1780), rear-admiral: took part in the engagement off Havana, 1748; rear-admiral in the fleet 1762.
^ Reynell George Taylor (1822–1886), general f the Indian army; the Bayard of the Punjab; fought in the Gwalior campaign and first Sikh war, when he was wounded, 1845; worked at Lahore and in the Punjab under the Lawrences, 1847; ruler of Peshawar: captured the fort of Lukkee in the second Sikh war, 1849; given the Star of India, 1866; general, 1880.
^ Richard Taylor (1781–1858), printer and natu2Sfii!!L2! John Taylor ( 17 -1826); partner rith hta father in a printing business in London; fellow of various scientific societies and F.S.A.; editor of scientific publications.
^ Richard Cowling Taylor (1789–1851), antiquary; engaged on the ordnance survey aud in reporting on mining properties at home and in America; published archsvological and geological work.-.
^ Robert Taylor (1710-17C2), physician : M.D. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1737; obtained a large practice in London; F.R.C.P., 17411; JIarvcian orator, 1755; P.R.S., 1752, and physician to George II; published medical works.
^ Taylor Sin ROBERT (1714–1788), architect: among other productions sculptured the monuments to Cornwall and Guest at Westminster Abbey, 1743-6; built many country houses, Stone Building.-. Lincoln's Inn, 1756, and additions to the Bank of England and other London edifices; knighted when sheriff of London, 17821783; left the bulk of his property for the teaching of modern languages at Oxford.
^ Robert Taylor (1784–1844), delstical writer: M.R.C.S., 1807; Later studied for the church at St. John's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1813; curate of Midhurst and Eastbourne, 1813; became a sceptic, 1818, and resigned, but recanted; failing to get preferment again, lectured publicly in London, attacking the church: sentenced to a year's imprisonment for blasphemy, 1828; became acquainted with Richard Carlile, with whom he get out on a lecturing tour; convicted again of blasphemy, 1831, and Imprisoned for two years; married an elderly lady of property, 1833, and escaped to France to avoid an action for breach of promise to another lady; became a surgeon; ignorant of philology; published writings on Christianity, expounding it as a scheme of solar myths.
^ Rowland Taylor (rf. 1555), martyr; converted to protestantism by Williuin Turner (d. 1568); LL.D. Cambridge, 1534; domestic chaplain to Cranmer, 1540; incumbent of Hudleigh, 1544; arrested and examined before Gardiner, 1554, aud burnt on Aldharn Common, near Hadleigh, 1555; represented by Foxe as the beau-ideal of a parish priest and a man of ability and learning.
^ Samuel Taylor (ft. 1786–1816), stenographer ; published An Essay intended to establish... an universal System of Stenography 1786, Pitman's system being on adaptation of it.
^ Silas Taylor (1624–1678). See Domville.
^ Simon Taylor (d. 1772), botanical painter ; painted Lord Bute's rare plants.
^ Susannah Taylor (J 755–1823), well-known for her literary predilections; nie Cook; married John Taylor (1750-1826), in 1777.
^ Thomas Taylor (1576–1633), puritan divine; B.D. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1628; D.D. Oxford, 1630; preached before Queen Elizabeth at St. Paul's Cross, London; calleda brazen wall against popery but denounced Bancroft's severe treatment of the puritans; minister of St. Mary Aldermanbury, London, 1625; published religious works.
^ Thomas Taylor (1618–1682), quaker ; educated at Oxford; incumbent of a living in Westmoreland; followed George Fox, and imprisoned for many years; author of religious addresses.
^ Thomas Taylor (1738–1816), Wesleyan minister : joined the metbpdists, 1748; itinerant minister, 17611816, relating his experiences in hisAutobiography president of the conference, 1796 and 1809; writer of religious books.
^ Thomas Taylor (1758–1835), Platonist; received an irregular education; obtained a clerkship in Lubbock's bank: devoted himself to the translation and exposition of Plato, Aristotle, and the Neo-Platonists and Pythagoreans; defective in critical scholarship, never doubting the historic personality of Orpheus and the authenticity of the Hymns; esteemed the mystical neo-Pythagorean mathematics the true science; visited Oxford, 1802, when he was heartily welcomed; author of translations of the Orphic Hymns, Plato, Aristotle, Proclus, Porphyry, Apuleius, Pausanias, and other ancient writers: published also dissertations and miscellanies, including an attack on the mathematician Wallis's arithmetic of infinites.
^ Thomas Taylor (d. 1848), botanist : B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1807; M.D.; published Muscologia Britauuica 1818, with Sir William Jackson Hooker; contributed to the Flora Antarctica
^ Thomas Edward Taylor (1811–1888), pollticitin; captain in the guards and colonel of militia; M.P. in Dublin, 1841-83; conservative Oup: chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1868 and 1874.
^ Thomas Olanville Taylor (1804–1848), astronomer; entered the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 1820: director of Madras Observatory, 1810: I 1844; published the Madras General OaUlogue of stars, 1844.
^ Tom Taylor (1 81 7-1880), dramatist and editor of Punch distinguished himself at Glasgow Univentty and Trinity College, Cambridge: fellow, 184 J: M.A 184S; professor of English literature at London UnlTersity, 1846: barrister, Inner Temple, 1846; secretary to the board of health, 1864: wrote for the ChronicleDaily New* Punch Time*,* and Graphic: editor of Punch,* 1874-80: author of nnmeroua works, Including biography of Haydon, 18ft, 'Leicester Square 1874, and successful plays, To Parents and Guardians, 1 184ft, andOur American Cousin,* 1868, and three historical dramas.
^ William Taylor (*. 1423), heretic: MA. Oxford and priest; burnt at Smithfield,
^ William Taylor (1766–1836), man of letter! : travelled abroad, and was introduced to Goethe: became an enthusiast for Gorman literature and the French revolution: attended the debate* in the national assembly at Paris, 1790: translated BlirgerVLenoreinto English ballad metre, 1790, Lessing'sNathanand Goethe's 'Iphigenia wrote numerous articles In theMonthly ReviewCritical ReviewAthenaeum and other Codicals; abounding in new ideas, and extending the lish literary outlook; became intimate with Southey, 1798: contributed to the Annual Anthology 1799-1800: publishedTales of Yore 1810;English Synonyms Described 1813, and his magnum oput, the Historic Survey of German Poetry 1888-30.
^ William Benjamin Taylor 8ARSFIELD (1781-1850), painter of landscapes and military subjects: elder brother of John Sydney Taylor
^ William Cooke Taylor (1800–1849), miscellaneous writer; B. A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1826; edited several of Piuuock's catechisms; settled in London, 1829: contributed to the Athenienm and produced a vast number of books, mostly historical and educational, and translations: LL.D. Dublin, ls:!5; ardent advocate for national education and free trade; lending and original member of the British Association; statistical writer for the Irish government, 1847: contributor to th Evening Post in support of the executive, and writer of party pamphlets,
^ Wittewronoe Taylor (1719?-1760), captain in the navy: took part in the action off Havana, 1748, and the blockade of Brest, 1758-S, with Sir Edward (afterwards Lord) Hawke; shipwrecked off Bolt Head in the Ramillies.
^ Zachary Taylor (1663–1705), the 'Lancashire Levite'; MA. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1678; rector of Croston, 1696; published Submission and Obedience to the present Government 1690, and other tracts exposing the foibles of dissenters.

[1] David Stow (1793 - 1864), educational writer and founder of the Glasgow Normal School; educated at Paisley grammar school; employed in business at Glasgow, 1811; was influenced by the ideas, among others, of Samuel Wilderspin, and founded, 1824, his first training school at Drygate; advocated strict moral and physical education; the mixing of both sexes in large classes, and banished corporal punishment and prizes; aided by government; established, on disruption of Scottish church, Free Church Normal College; published, among other work?, Physical and Moral Training 1832.

[2] James Stow (. 1790–1820), engraver.

[3] John Stow (1526?–1605), chronicler and antiquary; followed at first the trade of a tailor: admitted freeman of Merchant TaylorsCompany, 1547; occupied himself from 1560 in collecting and transcribing manuscripts, and in producing original historical works; joined Society of Antiquaries founded by Archbishop Parker, and maintained good relations with him throughout; attacked, but unsuccessfully, by a rival chronicler, Richard Grafton; suspected of partiality for the old faith; was charged, 1568, 1569, and 1570, with being in possession of popish and dangerous writings; was examined before the ecclesiastical commission, but escaped without punishment; spent all his fortune on his literary pursuits, and existed for some time upon charitable contributions: letters patent, 1604, granted to him authorising collection of kind gratuities His effigy, erc.-tc.l by his wife, -till.-Ki.-ts in rhnr Andrew Uiulur.-liaft, Leadenhalt Stn-t. Imi.loi. the most accurate and busineaslike of the hintoriaus of liU ntury. His chief productions are TinGeffrey Chaucer l.liil (hi* further not.* on ri,.m IT being subsequently printed by Thomas gpeght, 169s, 'Summarie of Englysho Chronicle*,* 1665 (an historical work), Matthew of V HUtoriarnm 1567, Matthew Park's T Thomas Walsingham'sChronicle 1574,The Cl. !:.,. !. of England 1680 (In subsequent editions styli-l Hi. Anualea of Eugland), the second oliti.m f I! 'Chronicle 1585-7, and lastlyA surv.-y..f L.i,d..n 1598 and 1603 (republiBlu-l Mnttlry fa. v., 1754; a modernised edition published by Henry Morley , 1876).

[4] William Henry Stowe (1825–1855), scholar and journalist; B.A. Wadham College, Oxfor fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1852: entered at Liucoln'f Inn: on the staff of The Times,* 1852; correspondent in the Crimea, 1U55; died of fever at Balaclava.

[5] John Stowel (f. 1799), Manx poet and satirist. MI:

[6] Barox Stowell (1745–1836). See SCOTT, Wl I.I.I A.M.

[7] Hugh Stowell (1799–1885), divine : cousin of William Hendry Stowell; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1826: Incumbent of Christ Church, Salfonl, ls;;i; an effective preacher and leader of the evangelical party; published religious works.

[8] Sir John Stowell (1599–1662).

[9] William Hendry Stowell (1800–1858), dissenting divine; cousin of Hugh Stowell; educated at Blackburn Academy; hon. D.D. Glasgow, 1849; president of Cheshunt College, 1850; pioneer of missions to working men; published theological and historical works.

[10] Stowford or STONFORD, JOHN (1290?–1372?), judge; a judge of the court of common pleas, 1342-72; acted as chief baron of the exchequer in 1345.

[11] Archibald Strachan (d. 1652), colonel ; served under Cromwell at Preston, 1648; after the execution of Charles I he signed the covenant at Edinburgh, 1649, and in spite of Alexander Leslie, first earl of Leven, was given a command; defeated Moutrose in Carbisdalc, 1650; present at the battle of Musselburgh and Dun bar, 1660; refused to serve under Leslie, and corresponded with Cromwell, whom he subsequently joined again.

[12] Strachan Sm JOHN, third baronet (d. 1777), captain in the navy; captured the French privateer Tclemaqne off Alicante, 1757; subsequently served under Sir Edward (Lord) Hawke

[13] John Strachan (1778–1867), first bishop of Toronto: M.A. Aberdeen, 1797; became a schoolmaster and went to Canada; became bishop of Toronto, 1839; founded Toronto University.

[14] Sir Richard John Strachan , fourth baronet (1760-1828), admiral; nephew of Sir John Strachan ; entered the navy, 1772; present at various naval actions, 1772-1802; succeeded to baronetcy, 1777; captured the French frigate Resolue, 1791, ami four French battleships which had escaped from Trafalgar in 1805; K.B., 1806: made naval commander of the ill-fated Walcheren expedition, 1809; admiral, 1821.

[15] Strache 7, 8w HENRY, first baronet (1736–1810); politician: grandson of John Strachey, private secretary to Lord Clivc in India, 1764: M.P., Pontefract, 1768, Bishop's Castle, 1774-8 and 1780-1802, East Grinstead, 1802-7; joint undcr-socretary of state for home department, 1782; master of George Ill's household, 1794; created baronet, 1801; F.S.A.

[16] John Strachey (1G71-1743), geologist ; F.R.S., 1719; said to have first suggested theory of stratification in his work, observations on different Strata of Earths and Minerals 1727.

[17] William Strachey (!. 1609–1618), colonist and writer on Virginia; sailed for Virginia on the Sea Venture. 1609. with Sir Thomas Gatea and Sir ; wrecked on the Bermuda*. 1609. Town, Virginia. 1610: wroteThe George PC ....1 NMM.:.... II wtorUt of Travaile into Virginia 1612 (printed. 1849).

[18] Sir Edward Stradling (1529–1609), scholar and patron of literature; son of Sir Thomas Stradling; studied at Oxford: M.P., Steyning, 1664, and Arundel, 1567- 1576; wrote account of The Winning.nlship of Glamorgan, 1672, incorporated by David Powell in hU edition of Humphrey Llwyd's Historie of Cambria.

[19] Sir Edward Stradling, second baronet (1601–1644), rm son of Sir John Stradling; of Brasenose College, Oxford; M.P., Glamorganshire, 1640; engaged in business undertakings; in the civil war leading royalist in Glamorganshire; Uken prisoner at Edgehill, 1642.

[20] George Stradling (1G21 -1688), royalist; eighth son of Sir John Stmdling; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1647: D.D., 1661; served on royalist side during civil war; dean of Chichester, 1672-88.

[21] Sir Henry Stradling (d. 1642), royalist captain; fourth son of Sir John Stradling; captain of the Tenth Whelp under John Penlngton; knighted, c. 1642; joined Charles I from Carlisle after surrender, 1645; taken prisoner at Rowton Heath; took part in royalist revolts In South Wales, 1647 and 1648.

[22] Sir John Stradling , first baronet (166il6S7), scholar and poet; adopted by his great-uncle, Sir Edward Stradling (1529-1609): of Brasenoee College and Magdalen Hall, Oxford; B.A., 1684: knighted, 1608; created baronet, 1611; M.P., St. Germans, 1626, Old Sarum, 1625, Glamorganshire, 1626; enjoyed a great reputation for learning; published, among other work*, Divine Poems 1625. lv. 161

[23] Sir Thomas Stradlino (1498?-1571), knight; eldest son of Sir Edward Stradling: sheriff of Glamorganshire, 1547-8; M.P., East Grinstead, 1553, Arundel, 1664; imprisoned in the Tower of London, 1661, on suspicion of popish practices.

[24] Earls of Strafford . See WEXTWORTH, THOMAS. first EARL, 1693-1641: WENTWORTH, THOMAS, third EARL, 1672-1739; BYXO, SIR JOHN, 1772-1860.

[25] 8TRAHAN, GEORGE (1744-1824), friend of Dr. Johnson; second son of William Strahau; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1771; D.D., 1807: vicar of St. Mary's, Islington, 1773: prebendary of Rochester, 180ft: rector of Kingsdown, 1820: attended Dr. Johnson on his deathbed; afterwards published Dr. Johnson's Prayer, and Meditations 1785.

[26] William Strahan (1716–1785), printer and publisher; left Scotland and became partner with Millar in London, with whom he produced Johnson's * Dictionary and subsequently with Thomas Cadcll the elder; publisher to Thomas Somerville, Hume, Adam Smith, Johnson, Gibbon, Robertson, Blackstone. and others; maintained friendly relations with his client*; M.P., Malmesbury, 1774, Woottou-Bassett, 1780-4.

[27] John Strang (1584–1664), principal of Glasgow University; educated at Kilmarnock and St. Andrews University; M.A., 1600: inducted to the parish of Errol on the recommendation of Alexander Henderson (IMS ?1646), 1614: member of the general assembly held at Perth and the only D.D. who voted against the five articles; principal of Glasgow University. 1626; maintallied a middle course during the subsequent dissensions; accused later of heresy, and resigned his office in 1650; published theological works.

[28] John Strang (1795–1863), author of 'Glasgow and Its Clubs'; a wine-merchant; his literary and artistic tastes developed by travels in France and Italy; effected mrny improvements in Glasgow, his native city: author of Germany in 1831 (1836), the article Glasgow in the Encyclopedia Britannica (8th edit.), and Glasgow and its Clubs, 1855.

[29] Alexander Strange (1818–1876). lieutenantcolonel and man of science; fifth son of Sir Andrew Lumisden Strange; educated at Harrow; joined Madras light cavalry, 1834; did much work on the trigonometrical survey of India; major, 1859; made Inspector (1862) of scientific instruments for use in India on hid return to England, 1861; lieutenant-colonel, 1861; K.K.UA and F.R.A.S., 1861; F.R.S., 1864.

[30] Sir John Strange (1696–1754), master of the rolls; a pupil of the attorney Salkeld; barrister, Middle Temple, 1718; as counsel defended Lord Macclesfield, 1725; solicitor-general in Wai pole's administration, 1737; elected recorder of London, 1739, and knighted, 1740; M.P., Totnes,1742; master of the rolls, 1750; author of Reports published 1755.

[31] John Strange (1732–1799), diplomatist and author; second son of Sir John Strange; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1755; edited his father's Reports 1765; F.R.S. and F.S.A., 1766; British resident at Venice, 1773; writer of geological and archaeological papers.

[32] Richard Strange (1611–1682), Jesuit; author of The Life of S. Thomas Cantilvpe

[33] Sir Robert Strange (1721–1792), engraver; apprenticed to Richard Cooper the elder; fought on the Stuart side at Prestonpans, Falkirk, and Culloden; studied engraving in Paris under Le Bas, 1749, and returned to London, 1750, with a first-rate reputation; long deprived by his Jacobitism of court favour; left England for Italy, 1760; returned, 1766; excluded, as an engraver, on the foundation of the Royal Academy, 1768, though his rival, Bartolozzi, was elected; left England again, 1775, for Paris; introduced to George III by Benjamin West, president of the Academy, and engraved Vandyck's Queen Henrietta Maria, Charles I on his horse, 1784, and West'sApotheosis of the Royal Children 1786; knighted, 1787. He stands in the first European rank as a pure historical line-engraver, condemning Bartolozzi's stippling* anddotting His engravings from Vandyck, Titian, Raffaelle, together with the portraite of the royal children, were bis chief works.

[34] Roger Le Strange (rf. 1311), judge ; a descendant of Guy Le Strange, and perhaps of Hoel II, duke of Brittany (1066-1084); justice of the forest on this side of Trent, 1283; filled various important judicial, military, and administrative posts in reign of Edward I.

[35] Sir Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange (1756-184 IX Indian jurist; second son of Sir Robert Strange; educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1782; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1785; chief-justice of Nova Scotia, 1789; knighted, 1798; recorder of Madras, 1798, where he displayed great firmness and ability, reforming administration of justice and suppressing a mutiny; D.C.L. Oxford, 1818; author of Elements of Hindu Law 1825.

[36] Thomas Lumisden Strange (1808–1884), judge and writer; eldest son of Sir Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange; educated at Westminster School; judge of the high court of judicature, Madras, 1862; author of a Manual of Hindoo Law 1856, and of controversial religious works.

[37] Sir James Strangeways (d. 1516), speaker of the House of Commons; M.P., Yorkshire, 1449 and 1460; a Yorkist and speaker of Edward IV's first parliament, 1461; later supported the Tudor cause.

[38] Viscounts Strangford . See SMYTHS, PERCY Sydicby Oumtom , sixth VISCOUNT, 1780–1865 ; SMYTHK Augustus Frkdkrick Percy Sydney Gkorob: Augustus Frkdkrick Percy Sydney Gkorob , seventh Vihcount: Vihcount 1818–1857 ; SMYTHK, PKRCY ELLEN FREDERICK William William eighth VIBCOUNT, 1826–1869.

[39] Stratford ** LECHMERK, EDMUND (d. 1640?), Roman catholic divine; D.D. Rheims, 1633; author of controversial religious works.

[40] Edward Stratford , second EARL OF Aldborough (d. 1801), eldest son of flrat earl ; M.P., Taunton, 1774 (unseated, 1775); M.P., Baltinglass (Irish parliament); voted for the union, 1800: called the Irish Stanhope for his ability and eccentricity.

[41] John de Stratford (d. 1348), archbishop of Canterbury; brother of Robert de Stratford and kinsman of Ralph de Stratford, bishop of London; born at Stratford-on-Avon; educated at Merton College, Oxford; doctor of civil and canon law before 1311; parson of Stratford-on-Avon; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1319; dean of the court of arches and bishop of Winchester, 1323, this last appointment being obtained against King Edward II's wishes, and the temporalities of the see withheld till 1324; restored to favour soon afterwards; commissioner to treat with France, 1324 and 1325; advised Edward II to allow Queen Isabella's visit to France; desired to effect a reconciliation, but finally acquiesced in the election of Edward III, January 1327; drew up the six articles containing the reasons for deposition of Edward II, and obtained from Edward II his abdication, 1327; appointed chancellor, 1330, and for the next ten years was Edward III's principal adviser; accompanied Edward III abroad, both disguised, 1331; sent on various important missions to France; archbishop of Canterbury, 1333; after being three times chancellor, 1330, 1335, and April 1340, resigned the seal finally, June 1340; incurred Edward Ill's displeasure and took sanctuary at Canterbury, 1340; summoned by Edward III to attend at court, on which he appealed to the judgment of his peers; on being refused admittance to the painted chamber by Edward III's chamberlain forced his way in; formally reconciled to Edward III, after a committee of lords had reported that peers could not be tried outside parliament, 1341. Of his writings the most interesting appear to be his letters, of which some are printed in the Litterae Cantuarieuses vol. ii.

[42] Nicholas Stratford (1633–1707), bishop of Chester; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1656; fellow, 1657; D.D., 1673; warden of the parish church, Manchester, 1667; dean of St. Asaph, 1674-89; was fiercely attacked on account of his tolerance of dissenters, and withdrew to London, 1684; made bishop of Chester at the revolution, 1689.

[43] Ralph de Stratford (d. 1354), bishop of London; probably son of Robert de Stratford, bishop of Chichester; M.A. and B.C.L. Oxford; bishop of London, 1340-54; supported John de Stratford in assertion of his rights, 1341.

[44] Robert de Stratford (d. 1362), bishop of Chichester and chancellor; younger brother of John de Stratford; educated at Oxford: held several ecclesiastical appointments; was keeper of the great seal, 1331, 1334, and chancellor, 1337 and 1340; chancellor of the exchequer, 1331-4; chancellor of the university of Oxford, 1335; appointed bishop of Chichester, 1337. (1791-1853),

[45] William Samuel Stratford lieutenant, royal navy, and astronomer; lieutenant, 1815; first secretary to the Astronomical Society, 1820; F.R.S., 1832; author of astronomical works.

[46] Dk Redcliffe Stratford , first VISCOUNT (1786-1880).

[47] Viscounts Op Strathallan . See DRUMMOND, William first VISCOUNT, 1617?-1688 ; DRUMMOND, William fourth VISCOUNT, 1690–1746. 8TRATHEARN, DUKE OP (1745-1790). See HENRY FREDERICK, DUKE OP CUMBERLAND and STRATHEARN.

[48] Malise Stratheakn , sixth Earl of Strathearn (fi. 1281–1315), and son of fifth earl; one of the guarantors of the marriage treaty of Margaret of Scotland with Eric of Norway, 1281, and a supporter of Baliol; invaded England, but took oath of fidelity to Edward I, 1296; joined Bruce; subsequently captured and imprisoned by the English; set free, 1309.

[49] Malise Strathearn , seventh Earl of Strathearn (ft. 1320-1345), commanded the third division of the Scots army at Halidon Hill, 1333. 8TRATHMORE, EARLS OP. See LYON, PATRICK, first EARL, 1642-1695; LYON, JOHN, ninth EARL, 1737 1776.

[50] Countess of Strathmore (1749–1800). See Mary Eleanor Bowes.

[51] Baku Btrathnairn * 1801–1885). See HUGH HENRY ROSE.

[52] Adam De Stratton (. 1266–1290), clerk and chamberlain of the exchequer; clerk of the works at the palace of Wentmi iwter, 1262; was promoted to be cbamberlain f the excbeqaer, and atnaMsed great riches; was OOtnietedof fraud* and one of the chief delinquent* in the state trials, 1290; WM diagram*, 1890, but mutiuuM to be confidentially employed by the crown.

[53] Stratton .JnHX I'ltOUDFOOT (1880-18MX surgeon; M.D. Aberdeen, 1866; officiating nMewar, March 1881, In the western states of Rajputana, July 1881, and in Jeypur, 1882; retired us brigade-mirgeou, :--".,

[54] 8TRAUBENZEE, SIR CHARLES THOMAS VAN (1812-1892).

[55] Gustavb Louis Maurice Strauss (1807?–1887), miscellaneous writer: born at TroJs RiTieres, Lower Canada; educated at Magdeburg; doctor of philosophy, Berlin; wai baniabed both from Germany and Prance for complicity in revolutionary plots, and subsequently lived in London: published The Old Ledger, a Novel is.., tlicrritu-Hm of which in the Atbensram led to two libel actions against that journal, in the first of which a compromise was made, while In the second a verdict was L'lvni in favour of the defendants. Other works include Moslem and Prank OH.

[56] 8TREAT, WILLIAM (1600?-1666), divine; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1624; rector of South Pool; published a work on seeming contradictious in the bible, 1664.

[57] Streater or STREETER, JOHN (ft. 1660–1670), soldier and pamphleteer; quartermaster-general in the army of the Commonwealth in Ireland, 1660-3: opposed Cromwell's summary treatment of parliament and was imprisoned in consequence, 1663; subsequently took the side of Monck against Lambert; published political pamphlets.

[58] Robert Streater (1624–1680), painter ; excelled in architectural and decorative painting; extolled by Pepys and Evelyn; made ser jeant-puiuter by Charles II at the Restoration; painted the roof of the Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford.

[59] Thomas Streatfeild (1777–1848), topographer, genealogist, and artist: B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1799: curate of Tatefleld; F.S.A., 1812; collected a large amount of material, genealogical and biographical, for a history of Kent, now in the British Museum (first printed in Hasted's History of Kent, edited by Henry H. Drake 1886).

[60] George Bdmund Street (1824–1881), architect : of the same family as Sir Thomas Street; originally followed his father's profession of solicitor; assistant of Sir George Gilbert Scott: bis first independent work the designing of Biscovey church; appointed honorary diocesan architect by Samuel Wllberforce; carried out many important works in Oxfordshire; travelled in Germany. Prance, and Spain; designed the Crimean Memorial Church at Constantinople (begun, 1864), and the new nave of Bristol Cathedral; R.A., 1871: professor of architecture, Royal Academy, 1881; chosen architect of the new Law Court*, 1868, in the carrying out of which he was much hampered by injudicious economy; among much restoration work carried out restorations at York Minster, 1871, and at cathedrals of Salisbury and Carlisle, rehabilitating fratry of Carlisle Cathedral, c. 1871; excelled in the building of parish churches; buried in Westminster Abbey; author of the article on Gothic architecture in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edit.), and of other works.

[61] Sir Thomas Street (1626–1696), judge; of Lincoln College, Oxford; barrister. Inner Temple, 1663, bencher, 1669; M.P. for Worcester. 1669-81; judge of the exchequer bench and knighted, 1681; removed to common pleas, 1684; decided against the king's dispensing power in Godden v. Hales.

[62] John Streeter ( ft. 1660–1670).

[63] Guillim Stretes, Streetes, or Streate, William (fl.–1546-1566), portrait-painter; described aa a Dutchman; paid by Edward VI a salary of 62. 10. Among bis pictures may be mentioned especially that of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey fq. v., now at Arundel Castle; and several of Edward VI, inaccurately ascribed to Holbein, are supposed to be his.

[64] Robert de Stretton 9d. 1385), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; first master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1350-5; LL. D.; chaplain to the Black Prince; bishop 1359-85; His consecration was refused on account of his illiteracy, but finally, at the instance of Edward III, Pope Innocent VI finally yielded.

[65] Agnes Strickland (1796–1874), historian ; eduMM -.-. Ml iMMri MMMMWl *&+* I ". MM granted a dvil list pension of low. in i prose work* wero l Children 18U, and st pension li&torioal Tales of Ulnstrioos 'Tales and Stories from successful work, but in which her sister Elisabeth collaborated, and Letters of Mary Queen of Soots 1843, Lives of the Queens of Scotland and Issflssli Princesses 1860-9 (of which Elizabeth again wrote portions): and a novel, How will it end 1866.

[66] Hugh Edwin Strickland (1811–1863), naturalist; grandson of Edmund Cartwright, inventor of the power-loom; educated by Thomas Arnold ( 17961842) q. v.l, and early gave proof of i entered Oriel College, Oxford, 1829, and land's lectures on geology; M.A., 1836; William John Hamilton in a through Asia Minor, and traversed Gi Italy, and Switzerland, 1836; visited the north of Scot land, 1837; drew op (1841) rules for zoological nomenclature, ultimately with some modifications accepted as authoritative; while examining a railway cutting at Clarborough was killed by a train. Among several important scientific writings were Ornithological Synonyms,* 1866, and The Dodo 1848.

[67] Jane Margaret Strickland (1800–1888 X author; sister of Agnes Strickland q. v.l; author of Rome 1864, and biographer of Agnes Strickland, 1887.

[68] Strickland 8m ROGER (1640–1717), admiral : commanded the Santa Maria in the four daysfight (1-4 June 1666); recaptured the Henry from the Dutch in the battle of Solebay, 1672; knighted, 1673; admiral of the blue, 1687; appointed by James II commands- of the fleet in the Narrow Seas; excited a mutiny by causing mass to be publicly said on board, and was superseded, 1688: followed the fortunes of James II at the revolution, and died at St. Germain.

[69] Samuel Strickland (1809–1867), author: brother of Agnes Strickland; emigrated to Canada: author of Twenty-seven Years in Canada,* 1863.

[70] Thomas John Prancis Strickland, known as Abbe Strickland (1679?-1740), bishop of Namur and doctor of the Sorbonne; fourth son of Sir Thomas Strickland of Sizergh; brought up in Prance; graduated at Douay, 1712; endeavoured to effect reconciliation between the English catholics and the government, but unsuccessfully; made bishop of Namur, 1727: resided at Rome as agent of the English government, and was employed by the emperor Charles VI in England in connection with a vain attempt to create war with Prance.

[71] Walter Strickland (fl. 1642–1667). politician: agent of the Long parliament to the United Provinces, with one interruption, 1642-60: M.P., Minebead, 1646. East Riding, 1664, Newcastle, 1666; accompanied Oliver St. John (16987-1673) to Holland to negotiate alliance, 1661; summoned to Cromwell House of Lords, 1667; member of several councils under the Commonwealth.

[72] William Strickland (d. 1419), bishop of Carlisle; provided to the bishopric by Pope lietxsdict XIII, 1400, an appointment which Henry IV refused to recognise till he hsd been elected by the chapter and confirmed by himself; commissioner for negotiating peace with Scotland, 1401.

[73] Sir William Strickland, first baronet (1596?-1673), politician; elder brother of Walter Strickland: knighted, 1630: created baronet, 1641; vigorously supported the parliamentary cause as M.P., Hedon (Long parliament), and Yorkshire, 1664, 1866, and 1669.

[74] Strigul or Striguil, Earl of (d. 1176). See Richard de Clare.

[75] Sir George Strode (1583–1663), author and royalist; went to London and entered trade; wounded at Edgehill, 1642; lived abroad after the defeat of Charles I; returned to London at the Restoratio;: translated work of Cristofero iLi Foiuecu, A Discourse of Holy Love 1652.

[76] Ralph Strode (c. 1350–1400), schoolman; said by Dempster to have been a Scot, but was more probably born in the west of England; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, where John Wycliffe was his colleague; opposed Wycliffc and evoked a reply from him; dedicatee, with of Chaucer's * Troylus and Cryseyde; mentioned as nobilis poeta in the Vetus Catalogus of Merton College, Oxford. His chief reputation was acquired as a scholastic philosopher and logician. Fragments of his teaching are preserved in his Consequentiae and Obli (printed, 1477 and 1507).

[77] Thomas Strode (fl. 1642–1688), author of mathematical works; of University College, Oxford.

[78] William Strode (1599?–1645), politician; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1617, and student of the Inner Temple, 1614; M.P., Beer Alston; the vote, 1629; proceeded against in the Star-chamber; imprisoned till 1640; after 1640 one of the fiercest of Charles I's enemies: when one of the managers on Stratford's impeachment sought to deprive him of counsel; one of the five members impeached toy Charles I, 1642; opposed all attempts at reconciliation with Charles I, and showed himself very active against Laud; buried in Westminster Abbey, but disinterred, 1661.

[79] William Strode (1602–1645), poet and dramatist; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1624; B.D., 1631; wrote 4 The Floating Island a tragi-comedy acted before Charles I and his queen at Oxford, with music by Lawes, 1636; canon of Christ Ohurch, Oxford, 1638; author of poems included in various collections and of some unprinted.

[80] William Strong (d. 1654), independent divine; B.A. and fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1631; member of the Westminster Assembly. 1645, and preacher to the parliament; published theological works.

[81] Richard Strongbow , second EARL OF PEMBROKE and STRIGUL (d. 1176). See CLARE, RICHARD DE.

[82] Edward Strother (d. 1737), medical writer ; M.D. Utrecht, 1720; L.R.C.P., 1721.

[83] John Struthers (1776-1853), Scottish poet; at first cowherd and shoemaker; abandoned his trade for Li fcM 5? y, W rk 1819: mtroduced by Joanna Baillie to Sir Walter Scott; librarian of Stirling's public library, Glasgow, 1833-48; author ofAnticipation 1803,The Poor Man's Sabbath 1804, Dychmout 1836, and other poems, as well as pamphlets.

[84] Sir John Struthers (1823-1899), anatomist; P.B.CA Edinburgh.

[85] Edward Strutt, first Baron Belper (1801-1880), son of William Strutt q. "-6,1826; M.P., I as a philosophical radicaKJntimate .... Mills, and Macaulay; chancellor of the due f Lancaster in Lord Aberdeen's government, 1852-4; Jreated Baron Belpei 1856F K.S 1860 Isk SS Charles VIII e trade, law reform, and education riv f&~ Caries Vill Liv. oj dienn* l victor y of Seminara over the king of Naples, 1495, but Uent of Unlversitv CollMTP T!rn,inn'i7i. l.,*?.;:l 4 Jr-_ ! was defeated at the same place, 1503; employed by issions to Scotland, where he

[86] Jacob George Strutt (fl. 1820–1850), painter and etcher.

[87] Jedediah Strutt (1726-1797), cotton-spinner; o -"- **~ * *~ B ""M -, wiiSSn'S. 01 the "tocWng-frame; in conjunction with predy Bridge, and Naseby; killed at Chester; extolled and 1769; i by Clarendon. fcn; q. r. it, partnership with Sir Richard Arkwrteht LIT. 64j

[88] Joseph Strutt (1749–1802), author, artist, antiquary, and engraver; apprenticed to William Wynne Ryland; author of many works valuable for their research and engravings, includingChronicle of England 1777-8,Biographical Dictionary of Engravers 1785-6, Dresses and Habits of the English People 1796-9, andSports and Pastimes of the People of England 1801. An unfinished novel of Strutt's, completed by Scott, suggested to the latter the publication of his own Waverley."

[89] Joseph Strutt (1775–1833), author of 'Commentaries on the scriptures; eldest son of Joseph Strutt (1749-1802).

[90] Joseph Strutt (1765–1844), mayor of Derby; third son of Jedediah Strutt; mayor, 1835; gave an arboretum to Derby.

[91] William Strutt (1756–1830), inventor; eldest son of Jedediah Strutt; invented the Belper stove, 1806.

[92] William Goodday Strutt (1762–1848), governor of Quebec; served at the siege of Gibraltar, 1782; brigadier-general at St. Vincent; major-general, 1798; governor of Quebec, 1800-48.

[93] William Thomas Strutt (1777–1850), miniature-painter; son of Joseph Strutt (1749-1802) hist

[94] John Strype (1643–1737), ecclesiastical historian and biographer; educated at St. Paul's School and Jesus College and Catharine Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1669 (incorporated at Oxford, 1671); held among other church preferments the sinecure rectory of West Tarring; formed a magnificent collection of original documents, mostly of the Tudor period, some acquired by questionable means (now in the Harleian and Lansdowne MSS.). His publications include lives of Cranmer (1694), Sir John Oheke (1705), Grindal (1710), Matthew Parker (1711), and Whitgift (1718); his works published by the Clarendon Press in nineteen volumes; many of his letters in Cambridge University Library.

[95] Sir Paul Edmund Pe Strzelecki (1796–1873), Australian explorer, known as COUNT STRZELKCKI; belonged to a noble Polish family; educated partly at the High School, Edinburgh; undertook the scientific exploration of the interior of Australia, 1839; discovered gold in Wellington district, which, however, was kept a secret for twelve years; author of Physical Description of New South Wales &c., 1845; K.C.M.G., 1869.

[96] Sir Alexander Stuart (1825–1886), premier of New South Wales; educated at Edinburgh: went to New South Wales, 1851; champion of the denominational system in primary education: defeated the ParkesRobinson ministry, 1882; premier, 1883; passed his land laws, 1884.

[97] Andrew Stuart (d. 1801), lawyer; tutor to the ., and later was appointed professor of anatomy at Aberdeen, 1863 iiri? S2SLL of h pi ! r n jramural school, 1847; assistant j children of the sixth Duke of Hamilton; conducted the case against the claimant in the Douglas lawsuit, in which the Duke of Hamilton disputed the identity of Archibald James Edward Douglas, first baron Douglas; fought a duel with Thurlow, the opposing counsel; attacked Lord Mansfield for his decision in Letters to Lord Mansfield 1773; M.P., Lanarkshire, 1774-84, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1790-1801; appointed to the

[98] Bernard or Bérault Stuart or Stewart, third Seigneur of Aubigny (1447?-1508), commanded French troops which assisted Richmond at Bosworth, 1485; as lieutenant-general of the French army gained 7; knighted, 1898; published anatomical writings.

[99] Lord Bernard Stuart , titular Earl of Lichfield (1623 P-1646), sixth son of Esm6 Stuart, third duke of Lennox; fought for Charles I at Edgehill, 1642,

[100] Charles Stuart, sixth Duke of Lennox, third Duke of Richmond, and tenth Seigneur of Aubigny (1640-1672), grandson of Esme Stuart, third duke of Lennox; en-ate. Earl of Lichfield. living principally in France; returned to England with Charles II; succeeded his cousin as Duke of Richmond and Lennox, 1660; K.G., 1661; Imprisoned in the To 1665; married La Belle Stuart see STUART or.FRANCK* TKRKSA.

[101] Sir Charles Stuart (1763–1801), general; fourth son of John Stuart, third earl of Bute; M.P., Bossiney, 1780; captured Minorca from Spaniards, 1798; lieutenant-general, 1798; K.B., 1799.

[102] Sir Charles Stuart, Baron Stuart de Rothesay (1779–1845), eldest son of Sir Charles Stuart (1763-1801), general; G.C.B. and privy councillor, 1812; minister at the Hague, 1816-16, ambassador to Paris, 1816-30, and St. Petersburg, 1841 -6; created Baron Stuart de Rothesay, 1828.

[103] Charles Edward Stuart (1799?–1880), brother of John Sobieski Stolberg Stuart: with his brother claimed to be descended from Prince Charles Kdward Stuart, the young Chevalier; with his brother fought for Napoleon I at Dresden, Leipzig, and Waterloo; his real name Allan, which In 1829 was changed to Stuart Allan, and in 1841 to Allan Stuart: his pretension and his brother's, for which there was no foundation, based on the supposed birth of a son to the Countess of Albany, 1778, who bad been banded over to a Commodore O'Haleran succeeded, however, in enlisting the sympathies of many leading persons in Scotland; author, with his brother, of several works, including Bridal of Caolchairn, and other Poems 1823, Costume of the Clans 1843,Tales of the Century 1847, Lays of the Deer Forest 1848, and Poems by Charles Edward Stuart, 1869.

[104] Daniel Stuart (1766–1846), journalist ; assisted his brother-in-law. Sir James Mackintosh, as secretary to Society of the Friends of the People; published 'Peace and Reform against War and Commotion 1794; purchased the Morning Post," 1795, awl converted It Into organ of moderate toryism, and had as contributors Mackintosh, Coleridge, Southey, Lamb, Wordsworth; purchased theCourier 1796, his success in both ventures being very great

[105] Lord Dudley Coutt Stuart 8 (1803–1864), advocate of the independence of Poland; eighth son of first Marquis of Bute; M.A. Christ College, Cambridge, 1823; liberal M.P. for Arnndel, 1830, 1831, 1833, and 1835, Marylebone, 1847-64; obtained parliamentary and charitable relief for the Polish victims; died at Stockholm, whither he had gone in the hope of persuading the king of Sweden to join western Europe in taking measures for the reconstruction of Poland.

[106] Esme Stuart , sixth SKIONKUROP AUBIGNY and first DUKE or LKNNOX (1542 ?-1583), grandson of John Stewart, third or eleventh Earl of Lennox: sent to Scotland as agent of the Guises to overthrow Morton and restore Roman Catholicism, 1579; pretended to be a convert to protestantism, and obtained the support of the kirk, which led to Morton's execution, 1581: created Duke of Lennox, 1581; proposed to lead a Spanish army to invade England, 1682; suspicion of his fidelity excited by his quarrel with Arran and rumours of the plot; obliged on James VPs seizure by the protestant nobles to leave Scotland: had an Interview with Queen Elizabeth, 1583, and left for Paris, where he died.

[107] Stuart or STEWART, FRANCES TERESA, Duchess of RICHMOND and LENNOX (1647–1702), 'La Belle Stuart granddaughter of Walter Stewart or Stuart, first Lord Blantyre; educated in France and imbued with French tastes: remarkable for her beauty: maid of honour to Queen Catherine of Braganza; mistress of Charles II; bad many lovers and aspirant*; eloped from Whitehall with the third Duke of Richmond, 1667, in consequence of which Charles II, suspecting it to be the work of Clarendon, determined to disgrace the chancellor; returned to court after her marriage. Sue was probably the original of the figure of Britannia on the copper coinage.

[108] Gilbert Stuart (1742–1786), historian and reviewer; educated at Edinburgh: published Historical Dissertation on the Antiquity of the English Constitution, Monthly Review 1 768-71; bfOOfW OH! "I i H; V -.....vl ! 177.-. .,.:. !,,.,..:..,... -.:. I.-I -..:.:,;. nil. a MM i... - pj -..1 V..,-!;...!....,.;,-.. I!;, r,! Scotland 1789, composed in the Johnsonian or U ! principal writers in the Review I78S: attacked Robertson with great. -,, imagining himself to have been injured by the historian.

[109] Gilbert Stuart (1755–1828), portrait-painter: born in Xarragonsett, Rhode Island. U.8.A.: came to England and worked with Benjamin West, 1771, returning, 1791; the painter of Washington.

[110] '^ Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546-1 667)

[111] Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (1639-1660).

[112] Henry Windsor Villiers Stuart ((1817-1896) of Dromana; politician; was ordained, 1860, but surrendered his orders, 1873, and was returned to parliament as M.P. for Waterford, 1873-4 and 1880-4; accomplished valuable work in Egypt, 1888; his reports published in a blue-book; wrote largely on Egypt,

[113] James Stuart, fourth Duke of Lennox and first Duke of Richmond (1612–1665), son of Esme, third of Lennox; studied at Cambridge; a staunch supporter of Charles I, but more from loyalty than devotion to his policy; granted Charles I large sums in the civil war; created Duke of Richmond, 1641.

[114] James Stuart (1713–1788), painter and architect; known as Athenian Stuart originally employed in painting fans for Lewis Goopy; visited Rome, 1741, and Greece, 1751, with Nicholas Revett, the result of their expedition to Greece being published in The Antiquities of Athens 1762, which led to the introduction of Greek architecture in London, Lord Anson's bouse in St. James's Square, built by Stuart, being perhaps the first of that style; F.RJB. and FJ3. A.: architect and authority on HarnilABl art; member of the Dilettanti Society.

[115] James Stuart (d. 1793), major-general; brother of Andrew Stuart; saw much active service from 1758 to 1775, in which latter year he entered the employment of East India Company in Madras; major-general, 1781; while attacking Cuddalore, owing to rivalry of the civil powers, was seized by the Madras government and sent home to England.

[116] James Stuart (1741–1815), general; served in the American war of independence; in campaigns under Sir Eyre Coote, Sir William Medows, and Cornwallis; commanded expedition against Ceylon, which he secured, 1796; took Seringapatam, 1798; general, 1812.

[117] James Stuart (1764–1842), historian of Armagh; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1789: called to the Irish bar; author of Historical Memoirs of Armagh 1819; editor of newspapers and poet.

[118] James Stuart (1776–1849), writer to the signet; studied at Edinburgh University; a keen whig politician, and attacked violently by the Beacon and by the Glasgow Sentinel 1821: killed in a duel the writer of one of these articles, Sir Alexander Boswell, 1822, and after a trial, which excited much interest, was acquitted; after a visit to America, 1828, published Three Years In North America 1833, displaying a strong bias in favour of the Americans; inspector of factories, 1836.

[119] Sir James Stuart , first baronet (1780-1853), chief-justice of Canada; solicitor-general of Lower Canada, 1801, but resigned and joined the opposition in the Houe of Assembly, 1809, and procured impeachment of the chief-justices Sewdl and Monk; active in procuring the union of the two provinces; appointed attorney-general for Lower Canada, 1825; impeached, 1831; created baronet, 1841; chief-justice of Canada, 1841.

[120] Sir John Stuart or Stewart, of Darnley, first seigneur of Aubigny (1365?–1429), as one of the commanders of the Scottish force helped to defeat the English at Beauge, 1421; granted the seigneury of Aubigny, MM.

[121] John Stuart (1700?–1779), superintendent of Indian affairs; went to America with lu-nrral.i.um- K. Oglethorpe, 1733, and was in Fort l.oiid.uin during the French war, when it was besieged by the Cherokee Indians; made terms with Ooouostota, who, however, treacherously massacred the garrison; general agent and superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern department, 1763: took part with the royalists in the war of i; died in England.

[122] John Stuart, third Earl of Bute (1713–1792), succeeded his father as earl, 1723; educated at Eton; married Mary, only daughter of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, thereby acquiring eventually the Wortley estates; elected a representative peer of Scotland, 1737; took no part, however, in politics during his earlier years, bat amused himself in Bute with agriculture, botany, and architecture; introduced by an accident, 1747, to Frederick, prince of Wales, at whose court his influence scon became paramount; assisted the Princess of Wales in imbuing Prince George (George III) with Boliugbroke's principles of absolute monarchy; great scandal caused by bis intimate relations with the princess; on accession of George III became practically prime minister; made secretary of state, 1761; got rid of Pitt, his policy being to make peace, but notwithstanding was obliged to declare war with Spain, 1762; succeeded Newcastle as first lord of the treasury, whose retirement he effected by proposing withdrawal of the Prussian subsidy, 1762; K.G., 1762; made secret overtures for peace, and induced Henry Fox to accept leadership of the House of Commons, with whose aid and by bribery he carried addresses approving the terms of the preliminary treaty of Foutainebleau; lost popularity by the treaty of Paris, 1763, being even suspected (probably without foundation) of accepting bribes from France; his unpopularity increased by the cider tar, 1763; resigned, 1763; retained, with George Grenville as prime minister, George Ill's confidence, and intrigued against that minister, but unsuccessfully; finally retired from George Ill's business, May 1765; voted against the Stamp Act, 1766, and subsequently travelled abroad incognito. His ability for intrigue did not make up for his lack of administrative talent and of parliamentary experience. He was a patron of literature, giving Dr. Johnson a pension of 300l. a year, and a student of botany, privately printing Botanical Tables.

[123] Sir John Stuart (1759–1815), lieutenant-general; son of John Stuart (1700?-1779); count of Maida; born in Georgia, North America; educated at Westminster School; took part in the war against the American colonists, and was present at surrender at Yorktown, 1781; served in the unsuccessful campaign against the French, 1783-6; took part in the capture of Minorca, 1799- at the battle of Alexandria (1801) ensured the victory by his action at a critical moment; gained decisive victory over the French general Reynier in Calabria, 1806, and received pension of 1,000. per annum; made K.B. and Count of Maida; took Ischia and Procida and captured Murat's gunboate, 1809, after which he retired to Messina; repulsed attack of the enemy with great loss near Messina 1810.

[124] John Stuart (1743–1821), Gaelic scholar and minister; D.D. Glasgow, 1795; completed (1767) translation of the Old Testament into Gaelic, already begun by

[125] John Stuart (1813–1877), Scottish genealogist and advocate; educated at Aberdeen University; as secretary of theSpalding Club 1839-70, produced, among other valuable works,The Sculptured Stones of Scotland, 1856 The Book of Deer 1869, and A Lost Chapter in the History of Mary Queen of Scots 1874.

[126] John Ferdinand Smyth Stuart (1745–1814), American loyalist; adopted the name of Stuart, 1793; studied medicine at Edinburgh; emigrated to America but on rebellion breaking out served as a loyalist a*aiut the colonists; returned to England at the cl* of the wa; r.: OT** at capture of St. Lucia; author of A Tour in the United States 1784, and other works

[127] John McDouall Stuart(1815–1866), explorer; conducted several expeditions into the interior of Aus sssi s&Ksnns&fiiS had anticipated him; returned to England, 1864. Stuart's Creek was named after him.

[128] John Patrick Crichton Stuart -, third Marquis of Bute (1847–1900), son of John Stuart, second marquis of Bute (rf. 1848), and great-great-grandson of John Stuart, third earl of Bute; of Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; abandoned presbyteriau church for that of Rome, 1868, an incident which probably suggested the plot of Disraeli's novelLothair(1870); inherited large estates in Scotland and in neighbourhood of Cardiff; mayor of Cardiff, 1890; president of University College, Cardiff; active member of Scottish universities commission, 1889; rector of St. Andrews, 1892-8; provost of Rothesay, 1896-9; lord-lieutenant of county of Bute, 1892; K.T., 1875. His works include an English translation of the Breviary 1879, with numerous historic-ill and critical notes, several translations of the orders of service for the greater church festivals, The Language of the Natives of Teneriffe 1891, and The Arms of the Royal and Parliamentary Burghs 1897, with Mr. J. R. N. Macphail and Mr. H. W. Lonsdale. He was a munificent benefactor of St. Andrews and Glasgow universities.

[129] John Sobieski Stolberg Stuart (1795-?1872), brother of Charles Edward Stuart.

[130] Ludovick Stuart, second Duke of Lennox and Duke of Richmond (1574–1624), eldest sou of Esm6 Stuart, first duke of Lennox, and next in succession to the Scottish throne; president of the council during the absence of James VI, 1588; lord high admiral, 1591; after James VI's accession to the English throne, 1603, made privy councillor and steward of the household; created Duke of Richmond, 1623; buried in Henry VII's chapel at Westminster.

[131] Stuart (STEWART), MARY (1542–1587), queen of Scots.

[132] Peter Stuart (. 1788–1805), proprietor of ' The OracleandThe Star brother of Daniel Stuart

[133] Robert Stuart, Seigneur of Aubigny (1470?-1543).

[134] Robert Stuart (1812–1848), author of ' Caledonia Romana 1846, a treatise on the influence of the Romans in Scotland, and of poetical works.

[135] William Stuart (1755–1822), archbishop of Armagh; son of John Stuart, third earl of Bute; of Winchester College and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow and (1774) M.A.; D.D., 1789; bishop of St. Davids, 1793-1800; archbishop of Armagh, 1800-22.

[136] Stuart -WORTLEY, LADY EMMELINE CHAR Elizabeth Lotte (1806–1855), poetess and authoress ; daughter of fifth Duke of Rutland; wrote accounts of her travels; was the author of many poetical works; edited the Keepsake 1837 and 1840; died at Beyrout.

[137] Stuart -WORTLEY, JAMES ARCHIBALD (1805–1881), youngest son of James Archibald Stuart- Wortley Mackenzie, first baron Wharncliffe; barrister Inner Temple, 1831; Q.C., 1841; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1826; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; solicitorgeneral under Lord Palnierston, 1856-7.

[138] Stuart -WORTLEY, JOHN, second BARON Wharncliffe (1801–1865), eldest son of James Archibald StuartWortley- Mackenzie, first baron Wharucliffe; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1822; M.P., Bosdiney, 1823-32, West Riding, 1841-6; secretary to the board of control, 1830; published pamphlets and an economic work.

[139] Stuart - WORTLEY - MACKENZIE, JAMES Archibald first BARON WHARNCLIFFE (1776–1845), statesman; grandson of John Stuart, third earl of Bute ; educated at Charterhouse; served in the army, 1790-1801; tory M.P. for Bossiney, 1797-1818, and for Yorkshire subsequently; mover of the resolution which caused the resignation of the Perceval government, 1812; advocated economy, freedom of wool from duties, and spoke against further agricultural protection, ami for amendment of the corn laws; in foreign policy was a follower of Canning and supported catholic emancipation and amendment of game laws; created Burou Wharncliffe, 1826; opposed reform, but, considering resistance hopeteas, endeavoured to effect a compromise, and, when that failed, advised his frit-lulu to -upport the second ren ! lord privy seal In Peel's ministry, 1x34, and president of the.-ouii. -ii, inn, but opposed Peel on the corn law*.

[140] George Stubbs (1724–1806), animal-painter and anatomist; son of a currier: studied anatomy at York un.i.-r Charles Atkinson; visited Italy, 1764, and came to London, 1766, with a considerable reputation; published Anatomy of the Hone 1766, an the structure of the horse: executed portraits of horses for Lord Grosvenor, Duke of UK-linim for the "Turf Review besides Imaginative orheroic pictures and rustic subjects; exhibited at the Royal Academy; began executing pictures in enamel, 1771: many of his works engraved by himself. He was probably the first painter who mastered the anatomy of the horse.

[141] George Towneley Stubbs (1766–1815), engraver; son of George Stubbs

[142] Henry Stubbs, Stubbes or Stubbe, the younger (1632-1676), physician and author; son of Henry Stubbs or Stubbe the elder; educated at Westminster School and introduced by Busby to Sir Henry Vane the younger, who became his patron; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, where he was highly esteemed for his learning, 1666; served in the parliamentary army, 1663-6; expelled from Christ Church, Oxford, for writing against the clergy and universities, 1669; practised physic at Stratford-on-Avon; imprisoned for writing a pamphlet denouncing James, duke of York's marriage with Mary of Modena; described by Wood as the most noted Latinist and Grecian of his age... a singular mathematician; intimately acquainted with Hobbes; works include The Commonwealth of Oceana put In a Ballance and found too light (an account of Sparta), 1660, and An Epistolary Discourse concerning Phlebotomy, 1671.

[143] Henry Stubbs, Stubbes or Stubbe, the elder (1606?-1678), ejected minister; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1630; ejected from living of Dursley, 1662; published theological works.

[144] John Stubbs or Stubbe (1543?–1591), puritan zealot; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1561; published The Disooverie of a gaping gulf 1579, condemning the proponed marriage between Queen Elizabeth and Henry, duke of Anjou, though writing of the queen in terms of loyalty and affection, for which he and his publisher Page had their right hands struck off; remained loyal; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1589. He wrote for Burghley Defence of the English Catholics.

[145] Philip Stubbs or Stubbes (fl. 1583–1591), puritan pamphleteer; said to have been kinsman of John Stubbs; studied at Cambridge and Gloucester Hall, Oxford; author of The Anatomie of Abuses 1583, which went quickly through several editions, in which he showed himself the exponent of extreme puritanic views, and which drew a rejoinder from Nashe in the Anatomie of Absurditie; published A Christal Glasse for Christian Women 1591, and puritanical ballads and other works.

[146] Philip Stubbs (1665–1738), archdeacon of St. Albans; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1689, and fellow, 1691: B.D., 1722; rector of Woolwich and afterwards of St. Alphege, London Wall, where his reading of the service was highly eulogised by Steele in the Spectator; archdeacon of St. Albans, 1715; one of the earliest promoters of the S.P.G.; published sermons.

[147] Thomas Stubbs (fl. 1373), chronicler; perhaps identical with one Thomas de Stoubbes ordained at Durham, 1344: D.D.: author of the latter portion of the Chronicle of the Archbishops of York (published, 1886), the only work of his now extant.

[148] Sir Lewis Stucley or Stukely (d. 1620), vice-admiral of Devonshire; appointed keeper of Ralegh, on his return from the Orinoco, in which capacity his supposed unfair conduct made him intensely unpopular; charged with clipping coin, 1619, but pardoned; fled to Lundy, where he is said to have died insane.

[149] Thomas Stucley or Stukely (152?-1578), adventurer; said to ha e been a natural son of Henry VIII; entered the service of the Duke of Somerset, and on his atmt eapsd to i now; Mi to i - u: In Saw:i: Prance, 1562, for information required for bis projected -.:. --.....-.....-....: blmsefi betrayed to tt* Prea MM ud BfTMMd 5 UM I-...MT,, London; Moaoid J roa4,*nd Hntei i tb Mpara Obarta v,.,. fata of - 3 ,-!..;...,..,.; -.,...,-..! .,,: -..;.-. i.:: r.. -.,; of all nations alike for two yean, till at length the r.::...,. -!r,:,..:.. !...-. i.;.,.. -. ! to arrest him, when be was pardoned: proeesded to trM4oom*MM b*4... tatl - Mb am Mb In that country dlsoounteoanced by Elizabeth, who mis with Philip 1 1, and accepted from him a L escaped to Spain, 1670, where he concocted plot* against England, also visiting Paris and the papal court: joined an expedition against Morocco in the interests of the king of l.i-t pI,Ml VII U M ftl v,,v::..,: i...,r

[150] John Studley (1545?-1590?) translator; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; fellow; M.A., 1570; his translation of Seneca tragedies, though he was a good classical scholar, remarkable for unnecessary additions and tedious paraphrases; translated Bale's Acta Pontificum Romanorum 1574.

[151] William Stukeley (1687-176&), antiquary; M.B. Bennet (Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge, 1708; 17 JO; excursions with Roger Gale and others; incumbent of All Saints Stamford, 1789-47: rector of St, (Jeorge-tbeMartyr, London, from 1747; author of medical and of antiquarian work*; published, among other writing*, Itmerarium Curiosum 1734, and Stonehenge 1740, being specially interested in Druidism. which he considered the aboriginal patriarchal religion; friend of Sir Isaac Newton ami of Warburton: published, 1767, as a genuine work of Richard of Cirenoester, Charles Bertram's forgery 4 De Situ Britannia;. To him was primarily due the error of supposing one Oriuna to have been the wife of Ourausius , he having read Oriuna for Fortuna on a coin.

[152] Samuel John Stump (. 1863), painter and miniaturist; painted portraits of stage celebrities.

[153] William Sturch (1763?–1838), theological writer and ironmonger; author of Apdeutherus 1799 and pamphlets.

[154] Joseph Sturge (1793–1859), quaker and philanthropist; a zealous abolitionist; went to the West Indies; return published The West Indies In 1837; a high tribute paid to him by Brougham; assisted the freed negroes in various ways; joined the chartists: advocate of International arbitration: visited many foreign countries to disseminate his views and attend peace congresses; one of the deputation from the Society of Friends to protest to the tear against the Crimean war.

[155] Henry Sturgeon (1781?–1814), colonel; distinguished himself at the siege of Rodrigo, at Salamanca, and elsewhere; 1812; designed the great bridge over the Adour, 1814: killed soon afterwards; mentioned in Wellington's deipatebm

[156] William Sturgeon (1783–1860), electrician; was apprenticed to his father's trade of shoemaker, but enlisted, 1802, and remained In the army till 1820; studied science: opened a shoemaker's shop at Woolwich and contributed scientific papers to various publications: appointed lecturer in science at Bast India College. Addisoombe, 1824; presented to the Society of Arts improved apparatus for electro-magnetic experiment*, which Included his soft-Iron electro-magnet, toe parent of Uy dynamo, of which he was the original discoverer. 182J, also tl inventor of the magnetolectrioal machine; described process of amalgamating the sine plate of a battery with a film of mercury in Experimental Researches 1880; inventor of the electro-magnetic rotary engineTl832; established The Annals of Electricity; the tint electrical journal in England, 1836: produced hU I'Uvtro-umtniftio coil machine, 1837; superiutfiident of the Victoria (ialk-ry of Practical Science at Mam-hc.-t-r: itinerant lecturer from 1843; granted a pension by Loid John Huston, 1849. His various writings were collected by himself into one volume, Scientific Researches,* shortly before his death

[157] Octavius Sturges (1833 - 1895), physician; M.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1867; F.R.C.P., 1870; author of The Natural History... of Pneumonia 1876, and other works.

[158] John Sturgion (fl. 1657), pamphleteer and anabaptist; imprisoned by Cromwell, 1657.

[159] Charles Sturt (1795-1869), Australian explorer; educated at Harrow: entered the army, 1813; saw active service at the end of the Peninsular campaign; entered Paris with his regiment, 1815; took an active part in Ireland during the Whiteboy riots; appointed military secretary to Sir Ralph Darling, governor of New South Wales, 1827: led several hazardous expeditions Into the interior of Australia, the largest river system of Australia being surveyed, and South Australia with it extensive water communications being opened up; assistant-commissioner of lands in South Australia, 1839; founder's gold medallist, Royal Geographical Society, 1847; colonial secretary, 1849; returned to England, 1853; published Journals 1833, and Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia 1819.

[160] John Sturt (1658–1730), engraver; associated with John Ayres; produced his Book of Common Prayer with minute lettering, 1717: illustrated numerous religious works, and was inventor of medleys.

[161] Robert de Stuteville (d. 1186), baron and justiciar; justice itinerant, 1170-1; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1170-6; took a prominent part in the capture of William the Lyon (1143-1214), 1174.

[162] William de Stuteville (d. 1203), justice; son of Robert de Stuteville; justice itinerant and sheriff; took part in the struggle between Richard I and Earl John.

[163] William Style (1603–1679), legal author; of Queen's and Brasenose colleges, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1628; compiled Regestum Practicale 1657, and other works.

[164] Henry L'Estrange Styleman (1815-1862).

[165] Alfred Inigo Suckling (1796–1856), author of 4 History and Antiquities of Suffolk 1846-8, and other works; LL.B. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1824.

[166] Sir John Suckling (1609–1642), poet 7* so!? of Sir John Suckling, secretary of state, 1622, and descendant of an old Norfolk family; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; admitted at Gray's Inn, and inherited large estates on the death of his father, 1627; travelled in France and Italy; knighted on his return, 1630; said to have joined Hamilton's force and to have taken part in the defeat of Tilly before Leipzig, 1631: returned, 1632; threw himself into all the gaieties of the court wrote The Session of the Poets 1637, and his first play Aglanra 1637, in producing which he spent large 4ums on the costumes and scenery; accompanied Charles I I to Scotland with a contingent, 1639, and was ridiculed for the gorgeous clothes with which he bedecked his soldiers; published The Discontented Colonel 1640, a play in which he reflected on the disloyalty of the Scots; advised Charles I in a letter of counsel to doe something extraordinary; set on foot thefirst army plot which, however, was betrayed by George, afterwards Lord Goring q. v 1 and escaped abroad; is said by Aubrey to have committed suicide at Pans. His chief works are included in Fragmenta Aurea 1646, and consist of poems, plays, letters, and tracts. His plays are chiefly valuable for their few good K n t. Avenant 8 P eak8 of bi8 "Parkling wit, describing htm further as the greatest gallant and gamester of his day. He invented the game of cribbage.

[167] Maurice Buckling (1725 -1778), uncle of Nelson oinptroller of the navy, 1775-8; fought a spirited action gainst the French, 1767.

[168] Simon of Sudbury (d. 1381), archbishop of Canterbury; doctor of laws, Paris; entered the service of Pope Innocent VI, and was made bishop of London, 1361; said to have told a party of Canterbury pilgrims that plenary indulgence was of no avail, an utterance which stirred up auger among the people; bl.imed for abuses in his diocese by Edward III, 1371; sent as ambassador abroad on several occasions; archbishop of Canterbury, 1375; tried Wycliffe at Lambeth, 1378; made chancellor, 1380; imprisoned John Bull (d. 1381) r 1381, who was, however, released by the rioters on the outbreak of the rebellion; urged Richard II to subdue them, and was especially hateful to the mob; seized by the rioters and beheaded on the departure of Richard II from the Tower. He began the rebuilding of the nave of Canterbury Cathedral.

[169] William Sudbury (fl. 1382), theologian, Benedictine monk, and author.

[170] Suefred (fl. 695), king of the East-Saxons.

[171] Richard Suett (1755–1805), actor ; began life as a choir-boy at Westminster Abbey: sang at the Rauelagh Gardens, London, 1769, and elsewhere: acted innumerable parts at Drury Lane, Loivlon, where he first appeared, 1780, and at the Hay market Opra House, London, during the rebuilding of Drury Lane Theatre, 1791-2; his parts mainly those of Shakespearean clowns; much praised by Lamb and Kemble.

[172] Suffeld or SUTHFELD, WALTER (d. 1257), also called WALTER CALTHOHP; bishop of Norwich, 1244-5; the Norwich taxation the basis of later clerical assessments, made under his direction, 1253: built the lady-chapel of the cathedral.

[173] Suffield third BARON (1781–1835). See Edward Harbord.

[174] Robert Rodolph Suffield (1821–1891), successively Dominican friar and Unitarian minister; Dominican, 1860; publishedThe Crown of Jesus 1862: became a Unitarian minister, 1870.

[175] Dukes Op Suffolk . See Pou:, WILLIAM DE LA, first DUKE, 1396-1460; POLE, JOHN DK LA, second DUKK, 1442-1491; BRANDON, CHARLES, first DUKK of the Brandon line, d. 1545; BRANDON, HENRY, second DUKK, 15351551; BRANDON, CHARLES, third DUKK, 1637 y-1551; GREY, HENRY, d. 1554.

[176] Duchess Op Suffolk (1520–1580). See Catherine Bertie.

[177] Earls Op Suffolk . See UFFORD, ROBERT DE, first EARL, 1298-1369; POLE, MICHAEL DE LA, first EARL of the Pole family, 1330?-1389: UKFORD, WILLIAM DE, second EARL, 1339 ?-1382; POLE, MICHAEL DE LA, second EARL, 1361?-1415; POLE, MICHAEL HE LA, third EARL, 1394-1415; POLE, SIR EDMUND DE LA, 1472?-1513; HOWARD, THOMAS, first EARL of the Howard family, 1561-1626; HOWARD, THKOPHILUS, second EARL, 1684-1640; HOWARD JAMES, third EARL, 1619-1688.

[178] Countess of Suffolk (1681–1767). See Henrietta Howard.

[179] Edward Burtenshaw Sugden , BARON ST. Leonards (1781–1875), lord chancellor : called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn after two years of conveyancing, 1807; K.C., 1822: tory M.P. for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1828-30, St. Mawes, 1831-2Ripon, 1837: solicitorgeneral, 1829-30; disapproved strongly of Brougham being made chancellor: drew attention to his levity in court; accused him of jobbery, but made friends with him, 1832; Irish chancellor, 1834-5 and 1841-6: lord chancellor and created Baron St. Leonards, 1852: lord chancellor for less than a year owing to the fall of the government, though he continued to take active legal part in the privy council and House of Lord-: almost infallible as an oracle of law; publishedPractical Treatise of the Law of Vendors and Purchasers 1805, Practical Treatise of Powers 1808, and lenrned edition of Gilbert's Law of Uses and Trusts 1808, which early made his reputation, also many other legal papers. As a law reformer he passed some excellent bills thronsrh parliament, mostly connected with wills and trusts.

[180] Suidbert (,. 713). apostle of Uie Priilani : sent by Egbert to work in northern Europe; consecrated by 8U Wilfrid ill England, G-J3.

[181] 8ULCARD or 8ULGABD (yf. 175X chronographer and monk of WertmlMtari wrote a history of t tery. lr. 1553

[182] 8ULIEN, STJLOElf. or 8ULOENUS du bishop of St. Davids, 107S-8, and agti; centre of much literary act:

[183] 8ULIVAN, Sin BARTHOLOMEW JAMES (1810inirol and hydrograpber; son of Thomas Ball SBltvun; lieutenant on the Beagle, 1831-6, during her celebrated voyage: carried oat the survey of ttie Falkland islands; returned borne, 1846, and paid speoiul attention to the formation of a naval rcserv 1969; admiral, 1877.

[184] Thomas Ball Sultvan (1780–1887), viceadmiral; saw mnch active service, including tlw capture of Curacoa, I8u7, ami the destruction of the America Hotilbi in the Patuxeut, 1814: was chief agent of transports during the Peninsular war, 1809; advanced to post rank, 1814; O.B., 181*.

[185] Alexander Martin Sullivan * (1830–1881), Irish politician: joined the revolutionary party of tlic Young Irelnnders: editor of the nationalist paper, Nation IMK,, which advocated constitutional airitation; opponent niaiw, by whom lie was marked out for mnintlnn tiou; imprisoned for article in the Weekly Newson the * Manchester Martyrs 1.SG8: one of the inaugurates of the liotne rule party under Hrett, 1870; afterwards supported the more active leadership of Parnell, 1*77: M.I f,, r several Irish constituencies; called to the Irish bur, 1876, ana to the English bar, 1877; author ofThe leeland and other works.

[186] Sullivan Sm ARTHUR SEYMOUR (1812–1900), composer: son of Thomas Sullivan (d. I860), who was bandmaster at Royal Military College. Sandhurst, 1S45-56, and professor, 1857-66, at Royal Military School of Music, Kneller Hall: admitted one of children of Chapel Koyal, St. James's, London, 1854: won Mendelssohn scholarship, 1856; studied at Royal Academy of Music, 1857, and at Conservatorium, Leipzig, 1858-61: organist and choirmaster of St. Michael's Church, Chester Square. London, 1861-72: achieved considerable reputation by performance at Crystal Palace, 1862, of his music to Shakespeare's Tempest first performed at Leipzig, I860; organist at Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden Theatre, London: conductor of Civil Service Musical Society, 1866-9: professor of composition at Royal Academy of Music, and of pianoforte and ballad-singing * at Crystal Palace School of Art, 1866: composed, 1866, comic opera,Cox and Box adapted by Mr. F. C. Burnand from farce by John Maddison Morton, and produced at the Adelphi, 1867: composed Tbespis, or the Gods grown old libretto by Mr. W. S. Gilbert, at Gaiety Theatre, London, 1871, the first of a series of comic operas produced in collaboration with Mr. Gilbert, the most popular of which wereTrial by Jury 1875, H.M.S. Pinafore 1878, and The Mikado 1885; wrote Marmion for Philharmonic Society. 1867; organist and choirmaster of St. Peter's Church, Crauley Gardens. Kensington, London, 1867-72; composed oratorio, "The Prodigal Son for Worcester musical festival, 1869, Overture di Ballofor Birmingham festival, 1870, cantata,On Shore and Sea for opening of International Exhibition, 1871,Te Deumto celebrate recovery of King Edward VII, then prince of Wales, 1871; oratorio,Light of the World for Birmingham festival, 1873: conductor of Royal Aquarium orchestra, 1874-6, Leeds musical festival (triennial), 1880-98, and Philharmonic Society. London, 1885-7: first principal of National Training School of Music, South Kensington, London, 1876-81; produced getting to Longfellow'sGolden Legendat Leeds festival, 1886, and serious opera, Ivauhoe at Royal English Opera House, London, 1891; F.R.A.M.; burial in St. Paul's Cathedral.

[187] Barry Sullivan (1821–1891), actor; of Irish parentage; began life as a draper's assistant, bat by 1837 hud appeared as a professional actor, his first part being that of Young Meadows In Bickerstaftt Love in aVillage at Cork; acted in several parts of Ireland; appeared at and in England, at Liverpool. 1847. B0Mrl*:-. i IBM h Australia, 1861; undertook si at the 18M. In America. 18M. in ..:-,.,,.-. MM r:- n London. 1866, and became manairer of thetfolooni Theatre: acted at the opening of the Memorial Theatre at.1879. M Bcneilck: far more popular in In land and In the north of England than in London.

[188] Sullivan Hut EDWARD, first baronet (18- 188ft 1 .nid: B.A. Trinity Collee. Doblin, Matddeati A.;, M:. Cork, IMS: performed Terr valuable services in tbt cooduct of th* Irish Chin LMeade m rCUNH laW, was the mainstay of the English U I.. t: created

[189] Francis Sullivan 8TOUGHTON (1719–1776), jeoult; of Trinity Colics Dublin: author ofAn cat Treatise on the Feudal Law 1771.

[190] Lukb Sullivan (d. 1771), engraver and miniaturist; assistant to Hogarth.

[191] Owen Sullivan (1700M784X Irish Jacobite poet and potato-digger.

[192] Sullivan 8m RICHARD JOSEPH, first baronet (1751-1806), miscellaneous writer: K-S.A. ami F.R-S, 178ft: M.P., N.-w Uoinney. 1787-96, Feafonl, from 18U1: created baronet, 1804: author ofAn Analysts of the Political History- of Inlia 1779,Tlioufrht* on the Early Ages of the Irish Nation... and on... the Ancient Betahli-hmcnt of the Milesiau Fumilie* in that Kingdom 1789, awl other works.

[193] Robert Sullivan ( 1800-1K8), educational writer and inspector of schools; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1832; LL.D., 1850; author of several educational works. Irish itinerant

[194] Timothy Sullivan (1710?-1800), Ir poet; composed panegyrics, satires, and religious poems.

[195] William Francis Sullivan (17ft6-lK3tX author of poems and forces: son of FrancU Stouirhtou Sullivan; of Trinity College, Dublin,

[196] Thomas Sitlmo (ft. 1540-1S53X

[197] 8UMBEL, MARY ( jf. 1781-1812), See WEUX, Miis. MARV.

[198] Sumerled or 80XEBXED, LORD op THK ISI.KM (d. 1164), obtained possession of nearly all Argyll by defeating the Norse pirates; seized Man, 1158: to hold his possessions as a vassal of Malcolm IV, was defeated and slain near Renfrew, 1164.

[199] Charles Summers (1827–1878), sculptor: went to Australia as a gold-difwr, 1853: designed several monumeuU and statues in Melbourne.

[200] Sir George Summers (1554–1610).

[201] Charles Richard Sumner (1790–1874), bishop of Winchester: brother of John Bird Sumner q. v., archbishop of Canterbury; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1817: through the Conynghams, to whose sons he had been tutor, was introduced to George IV, 1820: crrated a very favourable impression.; George IV's subsequent offer to him of a Windsor canonry nearly leading to the retirement of Lord Liverpool's administration, 1821; finally obtained several appointments at court, to which other preferments were added soon afterwards; made bishop of Llandaff and dean it's. Ixnidon, 1826, and bishop of Winchester. 1827: voted for the Catholic Relief Bill, 1819, and thereby forfeited George IV's favour; proved a zealous and capable administrator of his diocese, urging especially the necessity for new churches and for schools for the poor De Doctrina Christiana l*t; and translate.! Milton's author ot several sera

[202] John Sumner Canterbury: educated bridge: elected fellow Hulsean prizeman, 1801. 18JO: published several theological works, 181-19, reflecting evangelical views; made by Fed bishop of Chester, 18J8, and by Lord John Rusxell archbishop of Canterbury 1848; voted for catholic relief and for the Reform An Bill: repudiated the Bampton Lectures of Hampden, but did not refuse to consecrate him; supported the institution of Gorham in the baptismal controversy: opposed the removal of Jewish disabilities.

[203] 8UMNER. ROBERT CAREY (1729-1771), master of Harrow; of Eton and Kind's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1760 -MA, 1755; D.D., 1768; the friend of Dr. Johnson and master of Dr. Parr and Sir William Jones; published Concio adClerum 1768.

[204] Earls of Sunderland . See SPEXCKR, HENRY, first Euu. 1G20-1643; SI-KNCER, ROBERT, second EARL, 1640-1702; SI-KXCKH, CHARLES, third EARL, 1674-1722.

[205] Bauox Sunderxin (1738–1816). See RICHARD MALONE.

[206] Sunman or SONMANS, WILLIAM (d. 1708), portrait-painter; followed Sir Peter Lely into England; painter of the imaginary portraits of founders in the Bodleian..

[207] John Thomas Surenne (1814–1878), organist and professor of music; compiler of The Dance Music of Scotland 1841, and other works.

[208] Thomas Skinner Sure (1770–1847), novelist; clerk in the Bank of England.

[209] Duke of Surrey (1374–1400). See Thomas Holland.

[210] Earls Surrey op. See WAREXXE, WILLIAM DE, first EARL, rf. 1088; WARENNE, WILLIAM DE, second EARL, d. 1138; WARENNE, WILLIAM DE, third EARL, d. 1148: WARENNE, HAMELIN DK, first EARL OF SURREY and WAREXNE, d. 1202; WARENNB, WILLIAM DE, second KARL OF SURREY and WARENNE, d. 1240; WARENNE, JOHN DK, third EARL OF SURREY and WARENNE, 1231 ?1304; WARENNE, JOHN DE, fourth EARL OF SURREY and WARENNE, 1286-1347: PnZALAK, RICHARD IIL, EARL OF AIU-NDEL and SURREY, 1346-1397; FITZALAN, THOMAS, KARL OF ARUXDEL and SURREY, 1381-1415; HOWARD, THOMAS, EARL OF SURREY and second DUKE OF NORFOLK, 1443-1524: HOWARD. HENRY, EARL OF SURREY by courtesy, 1517 ?-1547; HOWARD, THOMAS, EARL OF SURREY and third DUKE OF NORFOLK, 1473-1554.

[211] Robert Surtees (1779–1834), antiquary and topographer; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1803; spent his life in examining remains of antiquity in the county for his work,The History of Durham(published, 1816-40). Scott included a spurious ballad by him, The Death of Featherstonehaugh in hisMinistrelsy of the Scottish Border The Surtees Society was founded in his name, 1834.

[212] Robert Smith Surtees (1803–1864), sporting novelist; started New Sporting Magazine 1831, in which he published the sketches of Mr. John Jorrocks, the sporting grocer, published later as Jorrocks's Jaunts 1838; J.P. and high sheriff for Durham, 1856; among his other worksHandley Cross 1845,Ask Mamma 1858, and 'Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds published 1866; wrote also The Horseman's Manual 1831.

[213] Duke of Sussex (1773–1843). See AUGUSTUS

[214] Earls of Sussex . See RADCLIFPE, ROBERT, first Earl 1483–1642; RADCLIFFE, HENRY, second EARL, 1606?-1557; RADCLIFFE, THOMAS, third EARL, 1526?1583; RADCLIFFE, HENRY, fourth EARL, 1530?-1593; RADCLIFFE, ROBERT, fifth EARL, 1569 ?-1629; SAVILE, THOMAS, 1690 7-1668 ?

[215] Matthew Sutcliffe (1550?–1629), dean of Exeter; major fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1574; M. A., 1574; LL.D., 1581; dean of Exeter, 1588; established a college in Chelsea, 1609, where learned divines should study and unite in maintenance of all controversies against the papists (Fuller): scheme strongly supported by James I, but a complete failure; assisted John Smith (1880-1631), and was member of the council for New England, 1620; fell into disgrace at court, 1621, on account of his opposition to the Spanish marriage; published a large number of controversial works directed against the Roman catholics.

[216] Thomas Sutcliffe (1790–1849), adventurer; entered the navy, and during the blockade of Corf u was taken prisoner, but escaped, 1806; severely wounded at Waterloo; fought for the Columbians airaint-t t heSpaniards, 1817; filled various military and administrative positions in the republic of Chili; published works, mainly on Chili and Peru.

[217] Dukes of Sutherland . See LEVI-:SO-GOVKU V Granvili George .K, first DUKE, 1758–183.3; LKVKSOX George Granville William Suthkriamv Gowkr George Granville William Suthkriamv Gowkr third DUKE, 1828-1892.

[218] Duchess of Sutherland (1806–1868). See Leveson-GOWER, HARRIET ELIZABETH GEORGIANA.

[219] Earls of Sutherland . See GORDON, .Tony,, tenth or eleventh EARL, 1526?-1567: GORDON, ALKXANDER, eleventh or twelfth EARL, 1552-1591: GORDON,, JOHN, thirteenth or fourteenth EARL, 1609-1 063: GORDON, JOHN, fifteenth or sixteenth EARL, 1660 V-1733.

[220] John Sutherland (1808–1891), promoter of sanitary science; educated at the high school, Edinburgh: M.D. Edinburgh, 1831: inspector under the first lxanl of health, 1848; despatched by Palmerston to investiratrthe sanitary condition of the troops in the Criim-; 1.: rarricti. out great sanitary reforms in the army.

[221] Robert Sutherland , sixth EARL OF (rf. 1442),. present at the battle of Homildon, 1402; hostage for James I in England, 1427.

[222] William Sutherland , second EARL OF (d, 1325), took part on the side of Bruce at Baunockburn, 1314.

[223] William Sutherland , fourth EARL OF (d. 1370), hostage in England for David II, 1353.

[224] William Sutherland , fifth EARL OF (d. 1398 ?), according to Froissart, present at the battle of Berwick, 1384.

[225] Walter De Suthfield (d. 1257).

[226] Sir Charles Button (1775–1828), colonel; served with Sir John Moore, and later distinguished himself as colonel of a Portuguese regiment in Peninsularcampaign; K.C.B., 1815.

[227] Christopher Sutton (1565?–1629), divine: of Hart Hall and Lincoln ColleKe, Oxford; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1589; D.D., 1608: canon of Westminster,. 1605, and of Lincoln, 1618; author of devotional works.

[228] John Bk Sutton , sixth BARON DUDLEY (1401-1487).

[229] Oliver Sutton (d. 1299), bishop of Lincoln; related to the Lexington family: bishop of Lincoln, 12801299; involved himself in disputes with the university of Oxford; joined Archbishop Winchelsey in resisting Edward I's taxation, 1296.

[230] Sir Richard Sutton (?. 1524), co-fonndcr of Brasenose College, Oxford, with William Smith (1460?1514), bishop of Lincoln; member of the Inner Temple; appears to have early amassed wealth: in tliuprivy council, 1498: endowed his foundation with several properties, 1519; knighted before 1524; the first lay founder of a college.

[231] Sir Richard Sutton , second baronet (1798–1855), sportsman; he was one of the most wealthy men in tincountry, and devoted himself to sport; master of the Burton hunt in Lincolnshire, 1822; led the Quorn hunt, 1848-55; bore the sole cost of the Quorn hunt for somcr years.

[232] Robert Sutton , first Baron Lexington (1594-1668), M.P., Nottinghamshire, 1626 and 16-H MT.I throughout the war on Charles I's side in the garrison at Newark till its surrender, 1646: his property sequestered; obtained some compensation at the Restoration,

[233] Robert Button , second Baron Lexington (1661-1723), son of Robert Sutton, first baron Lexington ; entered the army, but appears to have resigned his commission ns a protest against the illegal conduct of James II, 1686; lord of the bedchamber to William III; sent on various missions abroad; one of the plcnipotenti.irit:.* chosen to conclude the peace of Ryswi conducted ii".otiati..n- in Spain at tin- tr1712, for which In: was severely cvusurwl by committee. lv.:

[234] Thomas Sutton Till. MAS d.s.l:' 1..11), founder of tle Charterboose, London: is said to have been educated at Eton: stu'i.-nt of Lincoln's Inn; perhaps related to the Dudley, tilitt.i Stitton i.nnily,.-arls of Warwick ami -i in the army at Herwick and elsewhere; surveyor of the ordnance in the northern parts, 1570; i-t'i nM I.M-I- of laml rich in coal in Durham, and made an enormous fortune, which was further increased by his marriage with Elizabeth Dudley: settled in London, 1580: gave liberally to public and charitable obscription-: pun -haw I the Charterhouse, 1611, where he i-stai.i--iii u hospital of eighty inmates and a school of forty boys, for which he had already conveyed his estates In Essex: buried in the chapel there, 1614. He was estimated the richest commoner in England, his estate being reckoned at £5,000 a year and his personalty at £60,000

[235] Thomas Sutton 8(1585–1623),dlvinc; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1609; D.D.,1620: fellow, 1611; founded and endowed a free school at Bampton, Westmoreland, ltii'3: i-ubi-.-h-d some celebrated sermon*.

[236] Thomas Sutton (1767?-1835), medical writer; M.D. Leyden, 1787: L.H.C.P., 1790; first modern English physician to advocate bleeding: established the true character of delirium tremens in Tracts 1813.

[237] Thomas Swadlin (1600–1670), royalist divine : B.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1619; created D.D., 1646: as curate of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, obtained celebrity as a preacher; imprisoned by the parliamentary party, 1642, and his living sequestered; reinstated at the; Restoration, when he obtained other preferments; D.D.; author of religious and royalist works.

[238] Robert Swaffham ov (. 1278?).

[239] Charles Swain ( 1801–1874), poet ; began life as clerk in a dye-house, and subsequently carried on the business of an engraver: published several volumes of inn-try, including The Mind and other Poems 1882. His songs, which include I cannot mind my wheel, mother andSomebody's waiting for somebody were many of them set to music and became very popular. Portrait at File:Charles Swain by William Bradley.jpg

[240] Joseph Swain (1761–1796), hymn-writer and preacher; author of several volumes of hymns, including Wnl worth Hymns 17'J2.

[241] Francis Swaine(. 1782), marine-painter and one of the earliest English artiste whose sea- views possess any merit.

[242] John Swaine (1775–1860), draughtsman and engraver; but known by his facsimile copies of old prints.;

[243] John Barak Swaine (1815?-1838), etcher and artist; son of John Swaine

[244] Charles Anthony Swainson (1820-1887), theologian; sixth wrangler. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1841: follow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1841; held several clerical posts and became prebendary of Chichester, 1856: Norrisian professor of divinity, 1864, and Lady Margaret's reader, 1879; master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1881; vice-chancellor, 1885: author of theological works, includingThe Greek Liturgies 1884, chiefly dealing with the creeds; follower of Hooker,

[245] William Swainson (1789-1855), naturalist: obtained a post in the commissariat and went to Malta, 1807, and Sicily, making large collections which he brought to England, 1815: made another collection of birds in Brazil, 1H16: published works, including k Zoological Illustration- 1820-3; eleven volumes in Lardner's Tab. net yclopa-dia and three volumes In Sir William Jardinc'sNaturalist's Library He adopted a quinary system based on the circular system of William Sharp Macleay; emigrated to New Zealand, 1837, an ttiere.

[246] William Swainson (1809–1883), first attorney-general of New Zealand; barrister, Inner Temple, 1838; attorney-general, 1841, and first speaker of the legislative New Zealand: opposed the war with the - nembSl Ot - r 9ett M .-w Zealand.

[247] Richard Swale (1545?-1608), civilian; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1171: M.A., 172; fcUow of Caiu* College, Cambridge. U7: alvui-. ,,:-:,:;,,;..,.-:.-..:....-..; -,---l president, IMS; made master in chanot r opj I M,M..M. 1-7. Ml BlffaMi tome, IMIi j.r, bendary of York, 15H9; knighted, 1603.

[248] Swan J- i i "74). anatomUt ; nirgeon to the Lincoln County Hospital. mj pi. U -. txii J ma: tl -.... X eweemv, excelling especially a* a disMotionbt; P.R.O.&, 1841; C- A Demonstration of the Nerves of the Human y 1 830, and other medical work*. 1 96

[249] William Swan (1818–1894), professor of natural philosophy at St. Andrews: ban. LL.D Edinburgh, IMS, 81 Andrews, 1886; professor, 1869-80; author of various scientific papers.

[250] Mrs. Arthur Swanborough. See Eleanor Bufton.

[251] Richard Swanley (d. 1650), naval commander; performed valuable naval services for the parliament; reduced the Isle of Wight, 1642, and prevented the Irish reinforcements from landing in Wales.

[252] Baron Swansea (1821–1894). See Sir Henry Hussey Vivian.

[253] Anna Swanwick (1813–1899), authoress; born in Liverpool: studied German and Greek at Berlin; manlier of councils of Queen's and Bedford colleges, London, and was president of Queen's College; assisted in founding Girtou College, Cambridge; bou. LL.D. Aberdeen. Her publications include translations from German and Greek dramatists: her version of Goethe's Faust 1850-78, in blank verse, is one of the best in existence.

[254] Robert Sweet (1783–1835), uortu-ulturirt ; began life as a gardener at Ham Green, near Bristol; K.L.S., 1812; occupied himself latterly in the production of botanical and gardening works; genus,Swv-w named after him.

[255] John Sweetman (1752–1826), United Irishman and Dublin brewer: identified himself with the movement for removing catholic disabilities; member of the revolutionary organisation of United Irishmen at Leinster,and arrested, 1798; exiled, 1802-20.

[256] Sweetman Ml LO(d. 1380), archbishop of Armagh ; consecrated, 1360; became involved in tin- di-pnte concerning the primacy with the archbishop of Dublin; present at the parliament which passed the statute of Kilkenny, 1367; successfully resisted the writs Irish representatives to go to the parliament at V ster, 1374.

[257] Alex Andbrdk Swereford (1 176?–1246), baron of the exchequer and reputed compiler of the Red Book of the Exchequer canon of St. Paul's, Ixntdon, and treasurer, 1232; sent on several important minions by Henry III to Wales and abroad; appointed baron of the exchequer, 1234; famous also as the collector of historical precedents and state papers.

[258] '^ John Swete or Tripe (1762V-1821), antiquary; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1777; prebendary of Exeter, 1781; contributed to works published or edited by Polwhele.

[259] Swetna 1* JOSEPH (ft, 1617), calle.1 th,hater: author of The Araignment of lewd. idle, froward and (inconstant Women 1615, which provoked several

[260] Sweetnam Swetnam , or J i.-KPH (1577-1622), Jesuit and religious autlw.

[261] Sweyn or SVEIN (d. 1014), king of Enlaw? u*l Denmark: son of Harold Blaatand, king of DeMaark; baptised according to the conditions of peace dictated tar eror Otho 96ft: aear* tohaveoast aside Chrtah the Emperor Otho, 96ft: appear* tohaveoast tianity and made war against his father, whowa* killed in a battle with him, 986, on which he became king; soon, however, driven from Denmark by Kric the Victoriooa, became a sea-rover, invading England with Oluf, 994, when an uiiMicceajful assault on London was made; re for some time ravaging the country, but after further a h -futures was restored to his kingdom, c. 1000: invaded Knuland, KX:i, in consequence of tin- mn-si.-rv ol the Danes on St. Brice'8 day, l(Mi2, in which his sister Gunhikl and her family are said to have perished: stormed Exeter and ravaged Wiltshire; burnt and plundered Norwich, 1004: again arrival, with Canute, his son, in the H umber, 1013, ravaged the land, and made a complete con t lie country: accepted asfull king 1013: died soon afterward*, according to the legend, pierced by the spear of St. Edmund, whom he liad derided.

[262] '^ Sweyn or Swegen (. 1052), eldest son of Earl Godwin [q. v.]: earl of Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Somerset; took the side of his father in his quarrel with Edward the Confessor; was outlawed several times and made a pilgrimage barefoot to Jerusalem for the murder of his cousin Beoru, 1052.

[263] Deane Swift (1707–1783), author; cousin of Jonathan Swift; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1736; publishedAn Essay upon the Life, Writings, and Character of Dr. Jonathan Swift 1755.

[264] Jonathan Swift (16C7-1745), dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and satirist; cousin of Dryden and son of Jonathan Swift by Abigail (Erick) of Leicester; born at Dublin after his father's death: grandson of Thomas Swift, the well-known royalist vicar of Goodrich, who was descended from a Yorkshire family, a member of which, Cavaliero Swifte, was created Baron Oarlingford, 1627; educated at Kilkenny grammar school, where Congreve was a schoolfellow, and at Trinity College, Dublin, 1682; neglected his studies, showed an impatience of restraint, was publicly censured for offences against discipline, and only obtained his degree by the special grace: attributed his recklessness himself to the neglect of his family, for whom he felt little regard; joined his mother at Leicester on the troubles which followed the expulsion of James II; admitted into the household of Sir William Temple, who had known his uncle Godwin, c. 1692, where he acted as his secretary; introduced to William III and sent by Temple to him, to convince him of the necessity for triennial parliaments, 1693; wrote pindarics, one being printed in the Athenian Mercury 1692, which, according to Dr. Johnson, provoked Dryden's remark, Cousin Swift, you will never be a poet;" chafed at his position of dependence, and was indignant at Temple's delay in procuring him preferment; left Temple's service, returned to Ireland, was ordained, 1694, and was given the small prebend of Kilroot; returned to Temple at Moor Park, 1696; read deeply, mostly classics and history, and edited Temple's correspondence; wrote (1697) The Battle of the Books which was published in 1704, together with The Tale of a Tub his famous and powerful satire of theological shams and pedantry; met Stella Esther Johnson, who was an inmate of Temple's family at the time; went again to Ireland on the death of Temple, 1699; given a prebend in St. Patrick's, Dublin, and Laracor, with other livings; made frequent visits to Dublin and London; D.D. Dublin, 1701; wrote hisDiscourse on the Dissensions in Athens and Romewith reference to the impeachment of the whig lords, 1701; in his visit to London, 1705 and 1707, became acquainted with Addison, Steele, Congreve, and Halifax; entrusted (1707) with a mission to obtain the grant of Queen Anne's bounty for Ireland: wrote some pamphlets on religious or church subjects; published Letter on the Sacramental Test 1708, an attack on the Irish presbyterians, which, though anonymous, injured him with the whigs- in disgust at the whig alliance with dissent, ultimately went over to the tories on his next visit to England 1710attacked the whig ministers in pamphlets, in the Kxaminer November 1710 to June 1711, and wrote the Conduct of the Allies 1711; became dean of St. Patrick's, 1713; had already commenced theJournal to Stella had become intimate with the tory ministers, and had used hi* influence in helping young and impoverished authors, Including Tope and Steele: returned to England, 713, to reconcile Bolingbroke and Harley, but in vain wrote more pamphlets, notablyThe Public Spirit of the V higi considered 1714, in reply to Steele's Crisis but at length gave up all for lost and retired to the country; left for Ireland, 1715, after the fall of the ministry and the death of Queen Anne; his marriage to Stella, un incident which still remains unproven, and also his final rupture with Vanessa (Miss Yanhomrigh. whose acquaintance he had made in London), suppo-ed to have taken place about this time; his rupture with Vanessa the cause of her death, before which she entrusted to her executors his poemCadenus and Vanessa which relates the story of their love iffair; though always contemptuous of the Irish, was led, by his personal antipathies to the whigs, to acquire a sense of their unfair dealings with belaud; successfully prevented the introduction of Wood's Halfpence into Ireland by his famous Drapier Letters 1724; came to England, 17 26, visited Pope and Gay, and dined with Walpole, for whose behoof he afterwards wrote a letter complaining of the treatment of Ireland, which had, however, no effect on the minister; broke with Walpole in consequence; was introduced to Queen Caroline, but gained nothing by it; published -Gulliver's Travels 1726; made his last visit to England, 1727, when the death of George I created fora moment hopes of dislodging Walpole; wrote some of his most famous tracts and some of his most characteristic poems during these last years in Ireland; kept up his correspondence with Bolingbroke, Pope, Gay, and Arbuthuot, and though remaining aloof from Dublin society, maintained good relations with Lord Carteret, the lord-lieutenant; attracted to himself a small circle of friends, and was adored by the people; set up a monument to Schomberg hi the cathedral at his own expense, spent a third of his income on charities, and saved up another third to found a charitable institution at his death, St. Patrick's Hospital (opened, 1757); symptoms of the illness from which he appears to have suffered all his life very marked, c. 1738; buried by the side of Stella, in St. Patrick's, Dublin, his own famous inscription, ubi steva indignatio ulterius cor lacerare nequit being inscribed on his tomb. Dr. Johnson, Macaulay, and Thackeray, among many other writers, were alienated by his ferocity, which was, however, the result of noble qualities soured by hard experience. His indignation at oppression and unfairness was genuine. His political writings are founded on common sense pure and simple, and he had no party bias. His works, with the exception of the letter upon the correction of the language, 1712, were all anonymous, and for only one, Gulliver's Travels did he receive any payment (200l.). A large number of publications appear to have been attributed to him by different editors without sufficient authority.

[265] Robert Swift (1534?–1599), chancellor of Durham; of the same family as Jonathan Swift; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1553; fellow; chancellor of Durham, 1661.

[266] Theophilus Swift (1746–1815), Irish writer; son of Deane Swift; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1767; barrister, Middle Temple, 1774; sentenced to twelve months imprisonment for libelling the fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, 1794.

[267] Henry Swinburne (1560?–1623), ecclesiastical lawyer; matriculated at Hart Hall, Oxford; B.C.L. Broadgates Hall, Oxford; author of A Briefe Treatise of Testaments and last Willes 1590, andA Treatise of Spousals published, 1686 (the first works written in England on their respective subjects).

[268] Henry Swinburne (1743–1803), traveller; son of Sir John Swinburne of Capheaton; educated in France; visited Italy; visited Spain with his wife, 1774-6; the two Sicilies, Vienna, Frankfort, and Brussels, 1777-9, Italy and Vienna, 1780; with his wife formed acquaintances with the chief literati, and received many compliments from the different Roman catholic sovereigns; again in Paris, 1786-8; his eldest son made by Marie Antoinette one of her pages; sent on a mission to Paris by the government for the exchange of prisoners, 17%; went out as veudue-master to Trinidad, 1801, where he died. He was author ofTravels through Spain 1779, Travels in the Two Sicilies 1783 and 1785. His letters, under the title of The Courts of Europe, badly edited, were published, 1841.

[269] Henry Swinden (1716–1772), antiquary; author of the History... of Great Yarmouth 1772.

[270] Tobias Swinden (d. 1719), divine; M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1682; published An Enquiry into the Nature and Place of Hell 1714.

[271] Lawrence Swinercote (fl. 1254). See Somercote

[272] Richard Swineshead ( t rf. 13Vu), mathematician; fellow of Merton College; at swiiienbead in Linroln.hire; author of mathematical un.1 philosophical works.

[273] George Swiney (1786?-1844), founded Swiney prize and lectureship; M.D., Edinburgh, 1816.

[274] George Swiney (1786–1868) general; cousin of George Swiney (1786?-1844),

[275] Owen Mac Swiney (d. 1754). see Swinny.

[276] John Swinfen (1612-1694). See Swynfen.

[277] Samuel Swinfen (1679-1784). See Swynfen.

[278] Richard de Swinfield or Swynfield (d. 1317), bishop of Hereford; entered the service of Thomas de Cantelupe, chancellor and partisan of the baronial party, and was given by him several preferments; accompanied him to Normandy when exiled, and again in his journey to Italy, 1282; bishop of Hereford, 1283-1317; resisted the extortions of Edward I. He was a bountiful patron of scholars, and a portion of the cathedral was probably built by him.

[279] Catherine Swinford, Duchess of Lancaster (1350?-1403).

[280] Thomas Swinnerton (d. 1554), protestant divine; M.A. Cambridge, under the assumed name of John Roberts, 1619: author of A muster of scismatyke Byshoppes of Rome, 1534.

[281] George Swinnock (1627–1673), nonconformist divine; B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1648; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. 1649; M.A. 1650: held various incumbencies; published religious works. Iv. ass j r,

[282] Owen Mac Swinny (d. 1764), playwright. He of the Queen's Theatre, Haytnarket, London, 1706, 1710, aiul 1711; after some successes became bankrupt and took refuge abroad, returning 1736. Portrait at File:Owen MacSwinny (or Swinny) by Peter van Bleeck.jpg

[283] Richard Swinshed (fl. 1360). See Swineshead.

[284] '^ Alexander Swinton, Lord Mersington (1625?-1700), Scottish judge; fought for Charles II and was taken prisoner at Worcester; advocate, 1671; relinquished his profession rather than take the test, 1681; restored, 1686; made judge, 1688; joined the supporters of William III in Scotland at the Revolution.

[285] Archibald Campbell Swinton (1812–1890), author and politician: elder brother of James Rannie Swinton; professor of civil law at Edinburgh, 1862-72.

[286] James Rannie Swinton (1816–1888), portrait painter; worked at the studio of Sir John Watson-Gordon; at the schools of the Academy, and visited Italy and Spain; painted the fashionable beauties of the day.

[287] Sir John Swinton (d. 1402), Scottish soldier; killed at Homildou Hill.

[288] John Swinton (1621?–1679), Scottish politician ; elder brother of Alexander Swinton; M.P. for the Merse, 1649; joined Cromwell after Dunbar, and was excommunicated by the Scottish kirk and his estates forfeited, 1661; under Cromwell's administration of Scotland was appointed commissioner, member of the council of state, and M.P.: was arrested and imprisoned at the Restoration; turned quaker, 1667; published quaker pamphlets.

[289] John Swinton (1703–1777), historian and antiquary; FRA, 1728; fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, 1723, M.A., 1726); B.D., 1769; published dissertations and other works, including Inscriptiones Citieae 1750.

[290] John Swinton , Lord Swinton (d1799) Scottish judge and legal writer; sat on the bench, 1782-1799; a lord of justiciary, 1788-99.

[291] Owen Mac Swiny (d. 1764). See Swinny.

[292] Swithun, saint (d. 862), bishop of Winchester; probably a secular clerk; an adviser in state mailers of Egbert, and educator of his son, Ethelwulf, who on his accession appointed him bishop of Winchester; shrine was destroyed by Henry VIII; one of the chief counsellor* of this king in eockri Ml H atflttON Bh !..ly H Mr,:. r.v !,; -..-,. Mfc HM Mil - VBBoS I ** 5lse M s*td inside the cathedral, 971, when

[293] Stephen Switzer (16X27-1745 agricultural writer, was well educated, and became, George London and Henry Wise (q. v.; became seedsman in Westminster HaU; edited i a*riodfe*L'TlM Practical H which he warmly repelkd attacks on Vlrgirs agrtci.liurr as represented in theGeorgia; author of several books on gardening.

[294] John Swynfen or 8WUFEM. JOHN (lIS-16MXpoll. ti.-iu,,; M.1-. for Stafford in the Long parliament, 1*40, on the side of the parliament: excluded by Pride's Purge, 1648; restored by Monck; prominent at the Restoration as an opponent of the court party.

[295] 8WYNFEN or 8WINFEH, SAMUEL (1679-1734), physician; grandson of John Swyiifen: M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1708; M.D., 1712; godfather t.i Hr. Johnson,

[296] 8WYNFORD, CATHF.uINK, Di MsoyLAXCA8TER (1360 7-1403), mistress nnd thinl wife of John of (Jaunt ; mother of the Beaufort* and ancestress of Henry VII; daughter of Sir Payne Roelt, who came to England with Queen Phllinpa, her first husband being Sir Hugh Su ynford, who belonged to the retinue of John of Gaunt, and who died, 1872: became John of (taunt's mistreat and liadclmnre of his children; married to John of daunt on the death of his second wife, 1396. Their Issue were legitimised by parliament, 1897, but in 1407 the words cxceptu dignltate regali were interpolated,

[297] 8WYNFORD. SIR TH'iM.vs 13GH ?-l433X only legttimate rhilil of Catherine Swyuford by her flrt husband; supporter of Henry IV's claims, and supposed murderer of Richard II.

[298] Robert Sybthorpe (d. 1662. See Sibthorp.

[299] 8YDDALL, HENRY (d. 1672). See Siddall.

[300] Barox Sydenham (1799–1841). See Charles Edward Poulett Thomson.

[301] Sydenham or 81DENHAM, CUTHBERT (162J1664), theologian and presbyterlan divine: lecturer at St. John's aud St. Nicholas's churches, Neweu.-tle; autlwr of religious and puritanical works.

[302] Floyer Sydenham (1710–1787), translator of Plato; M.A. Wodliam College, Oxford, 1734; fellow, 1734; b;trri-ter. Lincoln's Inn, 1735; publisljed, besides bis translation (1769-80X An Essay on the Divine Names according to the Platonic Philosophy 1784.

[303] Humphrey Sydenham (1691–1660?X royalist divine; B.A. Exeter College, oxford, 1611; fellow and M.A. Wadhuui Cullew, Oxford, 1613; prebendary of Wells, 1642; received other preferments, from all of which be was ejected by the parliamentary commissioners; published sermons.

[304] John Sydenham (1807–1846), antiquary and editor; author of The History of the Town aud County of Poole 1839.

[305] Thomas Bydenham (16M-1689), physician : entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1642; together with his brothers took part in the civil war on th- side of the parliament, 1642-6; returned to Oxford, 1646, und was advised by Thomas Coxe to apply himself to medicine; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1648; created M.B. by command of the Earl of Pembroke, 1648; M.A. later: received a new commission as captain of cavalry, 1661, and took part in much sharp fighting: stud.ed medicine at Montpellier. ir.V.i: I..U.C.P.. If.fi3: gradually made his way in the profession and became one of the i of the English physicians, his reput great on the oonfcncnt; autiir( -..-r.ii Latin n works. His chief contributions to medicine were his observations on epidemic diseases, his nrt clear discrimination of certain diseases, his cooling method of treating the smallpox, and his introduction of the use of bark in agues; these ami his method of studying diseases made an epoch in medical science.

[306] William Sydenham (1615–1661), CromweUian soldier; eldest brother of Thomas Sydenliuin; fought tor tlu- parliament ami defeated the royalists in various skirmishes in Dorset; member of the various parliaments of tlie Commonwealth; avowal conservative principles, and defendedthe liberties of Englishmen made by Cromwell councillor and commissioner of the treasury, 1654: took the side of the army against the parliament; after the death of the Protector was expelled from the Long parliament, 1660: perpetually incapacitated from holding office by act of indemnity.

[307] Sydney first VISCOUNT (1733–1800). See THOMAS TOWNSHEND.

[308] 8YDSERFF, THOMAS (1581-1663), bishop of Galloway: M.A. Edinburgh, 1602; took an active part in the introduction of the English prayer-book, 1633: made bishop of Galloway by Laud, 1635; attacked by the mob and deposed, 1638; appointed bishop of Orkney at the Restoration.

[309] Arthur Ashley Sykes (1684?–1756), latitudinarian divine; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A.,1708; D.D., 1726: held numerous church preferments; a voluminous controversial writer of the school of Hoadly.

[310] Godfrey Sykes (1825–1866), decorative artist; decorated the new buildings of the South Kensington Museum.

[311] Sir Mark Masterman Sykes , third baronet (1771-1823), book-collector; of Brasenose College, Oxford; M.P., York, 1807-20; his library especially rich in first editions of the classics, specimens of fifteenth-century printing, and Elizabethan poetry, besides manuscripts.

[312] Sir Tatton Sykes , fourth baronet (1772–1863), patron of the turf; younger brother of Sir Mark Masterman Sykes; educated at Westminster School and Brasenose College, Oxford; an expert boxer and renowned breeder of sheep and horses, owner of racehorses, rider and master of foxhounds for more than forty years. Flv. 257

[313] William Henry Sykes (1790–1872), naturalist and soldier; entered the service of the East India Company, 1803, and saw a good deal of active service; being appointed statistical reporter to the Bombay government, 1824, drew up valuable reports; chairman of the board of directors, 1856; liberal M.P., Aberdeen, 1857-72; F.R.S., 1834, and author.

[314] James Joseph Sylvester (1814–1897), mathematician; was educated at a Jewish school in London, at the Royal Institution, Liverpool, and St. John's College, Cambridge; second wrangler, 1837; graduated B.A. Cambridge (after the passing of the Tests Act), 1872; professor of natural philosophy at University College, London, 1837-41; professor of mathematics in the university of Virginia, 1841-5, and at Woolwich, 1855-70; president of the London Mathematical Society, 1866; professor of mathematics at the Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, 1877-83; Saviliau professor of geometry at Oxford, 1883-97; shared with Cayley the work of founding invariant algebra, and enriched the science of number with a body of doctrine on partitions. His writings are at present scattered through numerous journals.

[315] Josuah Sylvester (1563–1618), poet ; translator of Du Bartas; educated at the school of Hadrian a Sara via at Southampton, where he acquired a sound knowledge of French, and subsequently entered a trading firm; is supposed to have been for some time steward to the Essex family; made groom of his chamber by Prince Henry, c. 1606; became secretary to the merchant adventurers, 1613, and had to reside at Middelburg. Meanwhile he had accomplished a considerable amount of literary work, chiefly translations of the scriptural epics of the Gascon Huguenot, Guillaume de Saluste, seigneur du Bartas, in the rhymed decasyllabic couplet. He had a full sympathy with his original, and his work was much admired by contemporaries, and doubtless influenced Milton indirectly, but after the Restoration was considered pedantic, and ceased to be read. The translation of Du Bartas'BCanticleappeared, 1590, of La Semaiue 1592, and the first collective edition, 1606; author of several other works, mainly religious, but including accounts of Henry of Navarre and St. Louis.

[316] Matthew Sylvester (1636?–1708), nonconformist divine: of St. John's College, Cambridge; vicar of Great Gonurby, 1659, which he resigned in consequence of the Uniformity Act, 1662; Baxter his assistant as pastor of Rutland 1 fouse: published Reliquiae Baxteriaiuv lnuily edited and very faulty, 1696; author of sermons and prefaces.

[317] Ebenezer Syme (1826–1860), colonial journalist ; emigrated to Victoria, 1852, and bought the Melbourne Age which, as leading liberal organ, had a marked influence on colonial politics.

[318] James Syme (1799–1870), surgeon; educated at the high school and university, Edinburgh; after tilling many surgical posts and studying in Paris and Germany, started a private surgical hospital, 1829, at Edinburgh, where he inaugurated his system of clinical instruction; appointed crown professor of clinical surgery in Edinburgh University, 1833: recognised as the greatest living authority in surgery; author of several surgical works; his plan of leaving wounds open till all oozing of blood had ceased, adopted by, and often attributed to, Liston.

[319] John Syme (1755–1831), friend of Burns; lawyer, ensign, distributor of stamps, 1791; one of Burns's executors.

[320] John Syme (1795–1861), portrait-painter; nephew of Patrick Syme; pupil of Sir Henry Raeburn.

[321] Patrick Syme (1774–1845), flower-painter and author.

[322] Symeon

[323] Michael Symes (1753?–1809), soldier and diplomatist; sent on missions to Burmah, of which he wrote an account; served with Sir John Moore, 1808.

[324] Andrew Symington (1785–1853), Scottish divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1803; professor of theology in the reformed presbyterian church, 1820; published theological works.

[325] William Symington (1763–1831), engineer; took out a patent for an improved form of steam-engine, 1787, and devised the first steam-boat for practical use, the Charlotte Dundas, 1802; his plans not supported: lost by death his patron the Duke of Bridgewater; died in poverty in London.

[326] William Symington (1795 - 1862), divine; younger brother of Andrew Symington; D.D. Edinburgh, 1808; a successful preacher and author; succeeded his brother as professor of theology in the reformed presbyterian church, 1853.

[327] Charles Symmons (1749–1826), man of letters; educated at Westminster School and Glasgow and Cambridge universities; a staunch whig; aroused some hostility by a whig sermon at Cambridge, 1793; rector of Narberth and Lampeter; author of poetical works, a life of Milton, 1806, and of Shakespeare, 1826, and The Aeneis of Virgil translated 1817.

[328] John Symmons (1781–1842), son of Charles Symmons; translator of the Agamemnon of Aeschylus, 1824; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1806; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1807.

[329] Simeonis Symon (fl. 1322).

[330] John Symonds (1729–1807), professor of modern history at Cambridge; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1762; fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1753; M.A., 1754; professor, 1771; wrote works urging the revision of the New Testament.

[331] John Addington Symonds (1807–1871), physician; educated at Magdalen College school and at Edinburgh; held several posts on the staff of the Bristol Hospital; F.R.C.P., 1857; author of several volumes ot essays and lectures, and of papers contributed to medical periodicals.

[332] John Addington Symonds (1840–1895) author; son of John Addington Symond: educated at Harrow and Jlalhol Collw. where he pained a first class in classics, the Newdigate prize, a fellowship at Magdalen, 1862, and tlte English essay prize, subject "The Renaissance 1863: WM obliit-d to reside abroad on nccount of his heulth, and liimllv srttli-d at Davos l'l:it.; dronihr out Hi-nory of tin- tolian I:-M:I, a series of picturesque sketches r.ithiT than a continuous work, and bin prose translation of the Antpbtagnphy of Benvenuto Cellini 18S7; published book* of pix-ms, includ 187H, and'Animi Figura 1**-. An: prone works were Sketches in Italy and dnvi-r Auction to the Study of Dante 1872, and Walt Whitman 1S9X He excelled aa a translator, his translation of the sonnets of Michael Angelo and Campanellu, 1878, ).. in- especially famous.

[333] Richard Symonds (1609–1680?), Welsh puritan; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1627: taught at Shrewsbury, 1635, where Baxter was his pupil; fled to London on the outbreak of the civil war, and prenched in the city; returned to Wales as approver of preachers 1650.

[334] Richard Symonds (1617–1692?), royalist and antiquary; imprisoned as a delinquent at the commencement of the civil war; escaped, joined the royalist army, and took part in the battles of the next two yean, including the engagements at Dewsbury and Naseby; he petitioned to be allowed to compound for his delinquency, 1640, and travelled abroad; compiled several note-books, including four published by the Camden Society, as the Diary of the Marches of the Royal Army 1859. Other works of his contain anecdotes of Cromwell, memoranda of his travels abroad, and genealogical and archaeological collections.

[335] Sir Thomas Matthew Charles Symonds ( 1K13- iH'j }), admiral of the fleet; son of Sir William Symonds; tactician anil naval reformer: t-rviil in the Crimea; admiral of the fleet, 1879; G.C.&, 1880.

[336] William Symonds (1556-1616?), divine; M.A. Magdalen College, 1581, and became master of Magdalen school, 1553: created D.D. 1613: held many church preferments, and at one time resided in Virginia; published theological works.

[337] Sir William Symonds (1782–1856), rear-admiral: present at Lord Bridport's action, 1795, and saw a good deal of service: as surveyor of the navy. 1832-47, introduced some important changes in ship construction, notably the elliptical sterns: C.B., 1848; rear-admiral, 1854.

[338] William Samuel Symonds (1818 - 1887), geologist and author: educated at Cheltenham and riirist's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1842; rector of Penlock, 1845; published scientific articles in various periodicals, two novels, which went through several editions, and other works.

[339] Benjamin Parsons Symons (1785 - 1878), warden of Wadham College, Oxford, and leader of the evangelical party; M.A., Wadham College, Oxford, 1810; fellow, 1812; D.D., 1831: warden, 1831-71: vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1844-8.

[340] George James Symons (1838–1900), meteorologist: studied at school of mines, Jermyn Street, London: member of Royal Meteorological Society, c. 1855, secretary, 1878-9 and 1882-99, and president, 1880 and J900; meteorological reporter to registrar-general, 1867 till death; issued, from 1860, thirty-nine animal volumes of statistics of rainfall observations; P.RJB., 1878; began, 1863, issue of a monthly rain circular, which developed, 1806. into Monthly Meteorological Magazine still in oourae of publication; published sereral work! on meteorological subject*.;.L ilL 374

[341] Jelinger Cookson Symons (1809–1860), misoellaneouii writ bridge, 1832; appointed commlwlooer to carry oat several Inquiries by the government: barrister. Middle Temple, 1843: editor of the Law Magazine* and Inspector of schools, 1848; published mlsceUaneooj work*. r.o

[342] William Penn Symons .XX (1841–1899), major-general: ensign, 1861; captain. 1878; nerved In Kaffraria, 1878, and in Zulu war. 1879: major. 1881: served on staff in expedition to Burma, 188*; l:iirm:i.f.himn in liin-Liwhal expnlition, 1889: C.B., !*): Lriifiwlier-ip-ii-nil in command of di-: 1H5: K.r.R, 1H9R: commander of troop* in Natal, May 1899; temporary lieutenant-general of fourth division of South Africa fluid fr:*W: major-general; died of wound! received at storming of Talana hill, near Dundee.

[343] Christopher Sympson (160i?-1669). See Simpson

[344] William Sympson (1G27 7-1G71). See Simpson.

[345] sox. 8YMSON or 8YMPSON, PATRICK (1 556-1818).

[346] 8YNDERCOMB, MILK* (.. 1C57). See Sindercombe.

[347] 8YNOE, CHARLES (1789-1854), lieutenant-colonel: I nerved in the Peninsular campaign and distinguished himself at Salamanca; lieutenant-colonel, 1821.

[348] Edward Synge (. 1678), Irish bishop : of George Pynge; of Trinity College, Dublin; : bishop of Limerick, 1661; translated to Cork, ! and Ross, 1663.

[349] Edward Synge (1659 - 1741), archbishop of Tuam; son of Edward Synge (rf. 1678): educated at Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1677; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin: vicar of Christ Church, Cork; appointed I bishop of Raphoe, 1714, and archbishop of Tuam, 17 If.: resigned a fourth part of his tithes for the improvement of livings in his diocese; became privy councillor, 1716, and one of the keepers of the great seal in 1717-18: opposed the Toleration Bill, 1719; published religious tracts and sermons.

[350] SYNGE, GEORGE (1594-1653), bishop of Cloyne: brother of Edward Synge (. 1678); bUhop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford. 1616; consecrated bishop, 1G38-53: was nominated to the archbishopric of Tuam, 1647, but failed to obtain possession on account of the war.

[351] William Webb Pollett Synge (18S6-1891). diplomatist and author; attached to the British legation at Washington, 1853; appointed secretary to Sir William Gore Ouseley's mission to Central America, 1856: coMimi--ioiier for the Sandwich islands, 1861; commissary judge in Cuba, 1865; contribute! toPunch the Standard and the Saturday Review," and wa* the author of some other works.

[352] Doctor Syntax . See William Combe 1741–1823.

[353] Syracuse (STRACUSAXCB), RICHARD OP (rf. 1195).

[354] Den Is Taaffe (1743?-1813), Irish political writer ; l.rou-ht up a Roman catholic priest, but became a profr-stant, niul SHb-nu-ntly a catholic again; Joined the United Irishmen ami fought during the rabdBbn in Wi-xtonl: Hiief work, a 4 History of Ireland 1809-11: publishr 1 also pamphlets.

[355] Francis Taaffe , fourth VISCOUNT TAAFFE and third EARL. OF CARUXGFORU (1639-1704). Austrian fleldmarshal: second son of Theobald Taaffe, second viscount Taaffe; entered the service of Charles, duke of Lorraine, and saw much active service on the continent, - to relieve Vienna, 1683: found favour with William III, who received him, 1699, and on Leopold, dnke of Lorraine's reinstatement in his dominions, 1697, was made governor of Nancy.

[356] John Taaffe (fl. 1685–1708), informer; alias Thomas O'MULLEN and "FATHER VINCENT; after the revolution turned protestant, and was employed by the government in collecting evidence against the Jacobites.

[357] Nicholas Taaffe , sixth VISCOUNT TAAFFE (1677-1769), lieutenant-general in the Austrian army; served in the war of the Polish succession, 1734-5, and against the Turks, 1737-9, and was present, at the age of eighty, at the battle of Kolin, 1757; ancestor of the late president of the Austrian ministry.

[358] Theobald Taaffe , second VISCOUNT TAAFFE and first EARL OF CABLING FORD (d. 1677), grandson of Sir William Taaffe; commanded the forces of the catholic confederation in Connaught, 1644, and Munster, 1647; defeated by Lord Inchiquiu, 1647; employed in negotiations between Queen Henrietta Maria and the Duke of Lorraine: created Earl of Carlingford at the Restoration,

[359] Sir William Taaffe (d. 1627). sheriff of Sligo ; sheriff, 1588; distinguished himself on the landing of the Spaniards at Kinsale, 1601, and in expeditious against the Irish; knighted, 1605.

[360] Barons De Tablet . See LEICESTER, SIR JOHN FI.KMINU, 1762-1827; WARREN, JOHN BYRNE LEICESTER, 1835-1895.

[361] Tabor or TALBOR, SIR ROBERT (1642?–1681), physician; perfected the cure of ague by quinine; cured Charles II and the dauphin; published IIvperoAo-yia 1672; knighted, 1678.

[362] Tache ", ALEXANDRE ANTONIN (1823–1894), Roman catholic archbishop: educated at Quebec and Montreal: went as a missionary to the Indians on the great lakes, and showed much energy in founding missions; the most influential person in the North- West Territories; published works on Canada.

[363] Tache ", SIR ETIENNE PASCAL (1795–1866), premier of Canada; uncle of Alexandre Antonin Tache ; a physician; speaker of the legislative assembly and premier, 1856; knighted, 1858.

[364] Tache ", JEAN CHARLES (1820–1893), physician and author; elder brother of Alexandra Antonin Tache

[365] Edward Tagart (1804–1858), Unitarian divine ; minister of Little Portland Street Chapel, London, 1833; F.L.S., F.Q.Sand F.S.A.; visited the Unitarians in Transylvania, 1H58; publishedLocke's Writings and Philosophy 1855, denying Hume's scepticism to have been its outcome.

[366] Marie Taolioni (1809–1884), the most prominent dantenw of the century made her debut in Vienna, 1*22, appearing in Paris, 1827, and in London, 1829, her great parts there being in La Sylphide in La Qitana in the Pas de Quatre 1845, and in Pas dea Deesses 1846; died in straitened circumstances at Marseilles.

[367] Robert Tailor (fl. 1614), dramatist: author of The Hog hath lont his Pearle 1614, a play valuable as a storehouse of dramatic allusions; a work entitled Saered Hymn- 1615, also attributed to him.

[368] TAIRCELL (d. 696).

[369] Archibald Campbell Tait (1811–1882), archbishop of Canterbury; born at Edinburgh, his family j being originally Aberdeenshire yeomen; brought up as a presbyterian and educated at Edinburgh High School. Glasgow University, and BalTol College, Oxford, where he was scholar; took a first-class in classics, 1833; fellow, 1834, and one of the most influential tutors in the university; took charge of the parish of Baldou, 1836: visited Germany, 1839; his conduct during the Oxford movement characterised by broadness of view and tolerance.: one of those who condemned Tract XC. isil,aud signal the counter-memorial in favour of Dr. Renn Dickon Hampden, 1847; succeeded Arnold as head-master of Rugby, 1842; appointed dean of Carlisle, 1849; made bishop of London, 1856; showed great firmness and at the same time broad-mindedness in his treatment of the church controversies of the day connected with ritualism and the freedom of opinion of the clergy, especially in theEssays and Reviewscase, 1860, and in the Colenso case, 1862; withdrew the licence of Poole, curate of St. Barnabas, Pimlico, on account of his practice of confession, 1858; showed himself a vigorous evangeliser, and. preached in omnibus yards, Covent Garden market, London, and elsewhere; began the building of new churches; founded the Diocesan Home Mission, 1857, and the Bishop of London's Fund, 1866; supported the Divorce Bill, 1857,. with modifications to suit the conscientious views of theclergy, aud also the relaxation in the forms of subscription demanded from the clergy, 1865; obtained the opening of Westminster Abbey for the evening services, and worked hard during the cholera epidemic, 1866: becamearchbishop of Canterbury, 1869: at first opposed the Irish. Church Bill, but subsequently recognised the inevitable,, the eventual settlement being largely owing to his patience and goal sense; showed sympathy with the Old Catholic j movement abroad, declared against the use of the Athanasian Creed in the public services, and was instrumental I in passing the Public Worship Regulation Act, 1874, though the final bill was not the measure which he had intended or desired; supported the Burial Act, 1880. No archbishop probably since the Reformation had so much weight in parliament or in the country generally.

[370] James Haldane Tait (1771–1845), rear-admiral ; saw much active service; commanded the Jane in theNorth Sea, 1799, and captured fifty-six French and Dutch, vessels; rear-admiral, 1841.

[371] Robert Lawson Tait (1845–1899), surgeon: L.R.C.P. and L.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1866; began practice in Birmingham, 1870; F.R.C.S. Edinburgh, 1870, and England, 1871; surgeon to Hospital for Diseases of Women,. 1871-93; gained Hastings gold medal of British Medical Association, 1 873; performed operations for removal of an ovary for suppurative disease and extirpation of theuterine appendages to arrest growth of a bleeding myoma, 1872; one of founders of British Gynaecological Society; professor of gynaecology at Queen's College, Birmingham,. 1887; professor of anatomy at Royal Society of Artist* and Birmingham School of Design; published k Diseases of Women 1877, and other works.

[372] William Tait (1793–1864), publisher of 'Tait's Edinburgh Magazine 1832-64, a literary and radical magazine, to which Mill, Cobden, and Bright contributed.

[373] Catherine Talbot (1721–1770), neice of Charles Talbot, lord chancellor: with her mother lived with Thomas Secker, archbishop of Canterbury; educated by Seeker: became well-known in society. Among her works published after her death nre Reflections on the Seven Days of the Week 1770, Essays 1772, and her Letters 1809.

[374] Charles Talbot , twelfth EARL and only DUKK OP SHREWSBURY (1660-1718), son of the eleventh earl; became a protestant, 1679, probably owing to the infliK-m-.of Tillotson; was given places and employments by Charles II and James II, but nevertheless was oue of tlnv foremost in bringing about the revolution: took 11,000*. to Holland for thesupportof Williainlll, 1688, and landed with him in England; made sccn-tary of state, 1689, bat resigned, 1690, on the refusal of the tory parliament to pass the Abjuration Bill; resumed office after much hwitatiou, 1G94, his inconsistent conduct being, it i.restilt of communications with James II; became K.G., Duke of..r.-..hury,audhnidoftheadniinUtra:. and during William Ill's absence, 1696 and 1696, was one of the Ionia justices, and carried on a regular oorrepondeuce with William III; charges -:.1. J u-o bite intrigues brought against him, 1606; with public Rffa i-.andiiiiiillyrei'U'iinl, i;Mi,tl,oiurh v,. readily accepted his explanations; left Kngland to Koine, whence he wrote his celebrated letter to Soiners, Hud I a son, I would sooner bind him a cob!.: courtier, and a tiangman than a statesman*; refusal all invitations to serve the sUte till 1710, wln he was instruni. nt. il in i.nniriiiir uixnit the full of the whirrs nnd beciiinc lord chamberlain; appointed ambassador to France, -ins to hare disapproval of the Utrecht tions ami was recalled; made lonMieutenant of lrrl.i:nl 1713: at the great crisis on the death of Queen Anne, 1714, acted a courageous part ius treasurer ami lord justice, it Ix inir rhietty owing to his conduct that the Hanoverian n was assured; became lord chamberlain t tinnew king, but was not in.-linli-l in tin- c.-ilm.. country place*, 166-4; much trusted by Queen Bilsa man of great personal attractions, and called by Swift the favourite of the nation.

[375] Charles Talbot, Baron Talbot of Hensol (1685-1737), lord chancellor; eldest son of William Talbot, bishop of Durham; of Eton aud Oriel College, Oxford; B.A., 1704; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1704; admitted at the Inner Temple, 1707, and at Lincoin's Inn, 1719; M.P., Tregony, 1720, Durham, 1722-7 and 1727-34; LL.B. Lambeth, 1714; solicitor-general, 1726, and lord-chancellor, 1733; created D.C.L., 1735.

[376] Sir Charles Chetwynd Talbot , second Earl Talbot of Hensol (1777–1849), eldest son of the first Earl Talbot; created M.A. Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1797; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1817-22; K.C., 1821; supported the extinction of the duties on corn, and made K.G., 1844.

[377] Edward Talbot (1555–1595), alchemist. See Edward Kelley.

[378] Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (1518-1608), known as Bess of Hardwick; daughter and co-heiress of John Hardwick of Hardwick, Derbyshire; married successively Robert Barlow of Barlow, near Dronfield, Sir William Cavendish, 1549, who purchased the estate of Chatsworth, Sir William St. Loe, and George Talbot, sixth earl of Shrewsbury; inherited their whole estates from all her four husbands, her income being estimated at 60,000l. a year; Mary Queen of Scots entrusted to the care of her and her husband, the sixth earl, 1569, at Tutbury; married her daughter to Charles Stuart, and was imprisoned for a short time in the Tower of london in consequence (Arabella Stuart being the issue of this, marriage). She built, besides Chatsworth (not the present building), Hardwick Hall, and many other houses.

[379] Francis Talbot, fifth Earl of Shrewsbury (1500-1560), second son of George Talbot, fourth earl of Shrewsbury; accompanied Henry VIII to Calais, 1522, and assisted his father

[380] George Talbot , fourth EARL OF SHREWSBURY and EARL OF WATERFORD (1468-1638), son of John Talbot, third earl of Shrewsbury; K.G., 1488; appointed to several offices of state by Henry VIII: ambassador to Eope Julius II, 1511, aud to Ferdinand of Arregon, 1512, to conclude alliance against France; commanded division in France, 1513: present at the Fic-ld of tin- Cloth of Gold, 15-i: suppressed the northern relitlliou, 1536: received grunts of monastery lands lv. 31!

[381] Geo Talbot 1UJK, sixth EARL of SHREWSBURY (15287-1590), elder son of Fraud* Talbot, fifth earl of Shrewsbury; took part in Somerset invasion of Scotland: marriedBess of Hardwick 1 *ee TALBOT, KI.I.M.KTM, 1568, uud was chosen by Quwu Kl..al.eth keeper of Mary Queen of Scot*, who remained his ward at Tutbury, Chatsworth, Sheffield Cuotle, and other of his lv. S2 vant and received embalial by her,. Wonderful ilusttiim second volume, 1804.

[382] Gilbert de Talbot, first baron Talbot (1277?-1346), took part in Edward I's expedition into Scotland, 1293; took up arms against the Despensers and was captured at Boroughbridge, 1322; justice of South Wales.

[383] Gilbert Talbot, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury (1522-1616), second son of George Talbot, sixth earl of Shrewsbury q. v.; married Mary Cavendish, daughter of Bess of Hardwick, see Talbot, Elizabeth, who had married his father; joined in Bess of Hardwick's intrigues against his father; on his father's death travelled with various memben of the family and his tenantry; arrested by order of Queen Elizabeth, l595, but sent to invest Henri IV with the Garter, 1596.

[384] James Talbot, first Baron Talbot de Malahide in the peerage of the United Kingdom, 1856 (1805-1883), son of James Talbot, third baron in the Irish peerage; M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, 1830; lord-in-waiting, 1863-6; president, Archaeological Society, 1863-83, and Royal Irish Academy; F.R.S. and F.S.A., 1858.

[385] John Talbot, first Earl of Shewsbury (1388?-1453), second son of Richard Talbot, fourth Baron Talbot; summoned to parliament in right of his wife as Lord Furnivall or Lord Talbot of Hallamshire, 1409-21; deputy constable of Montgomery Castle; assisted in capture of Harlecb Castle, 1409; imprisoned by Henry V on suspicion of lollard tendencies, 1413, but made lieutenant of Ireland, 1414; present at the sieges of Melun, 1420 and Meaux, 1421; fought at Vernueil and won the Garter, 1424; accompanied Bedford to France. 1427, and after much fighting was made governor of Anjou and Maine aud of Falaise; present at the siege of Orleans, 1429; taken prisoner at battle near Patay, remaining captive till 1431; performed many brilliant services in France, including the recouquest of the pays de Canx, the capture of Ivry, aud the capture of Harfleur: made constable of France and Earl of Salop, 1442; sent again to govern Ireland, 1455, and created Earl of Waterford; sent to assist Somerset in Normandy, 1448; on the capitulation of Rouen remained as a hostage for the surrender of Harfleur; finally despatched on an expedition to Aquitaine; took Bordeaux and the whole Bordelais, but was defeated and slain at Castillon. He owed his reputation mainly to his dash and daring.

[386] John Talbot, second Earl of Shewsbury (1413?-1460), son of John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury; served in France, 1434 and 1442; chancellor of Ireland, l446; treasurer of England, 1456: chief butler. 1468: killed fighting on Henry VI's side at Northampton.

[387] Sir John Talbot (1769?–1861), admiral; entered the navy on the Koreas with Nelson as captain, 178%; saw much sirvu-e; i-apiund the Ville de Milan and b*r prize, the Cleopatra, 18u5, and as captain of the Victorious took the French 74-puii ship Kivoli after a severe engagement, 1*12; admiral, 1841; G.C.B., 1842.

[388] Mary Anne Talbot (1778–1808), the Amazon: nerved as a drummer-boy in Flauder*, 17JB. ather in suppressing the Pilgrimage A mo.. of Grace, 153(3-7: made president of the council of the and _as pa bin -boy,u.M!? SjEXtattterf Ul ViTHCt*, 1UU, miUiL UAUDMSWUV vs. **i WMMWI* *. north; took part in the proceedings agaiwt Seymour and i Brunswick, when she was ****** Somerset: acquiesced in Northumberland's rule, but 1 June 1791: after subsequent ad vc welcomed the accession of Queen Mary.

[389] Montague Talbot (1774–1831), ctor and manager of Bclfiust, Ncwry, an.l Londoodcrn theatre*. 1809-21; acted first in Ireland, where ho Iwd tome success, then in Wales, London, and I.iNtr.l, ouderthe name of Montotfue: acted at Drury Lan. his own name, 1799 aud mni, nnd nNo in Dul.hn, wher he became a great favourite, unl irrmtly ptvfcrred ta Charles Mathcws, who was rvviviil with r i- of Talbot HU acting is not gem-rally r..rably. and he failed to mnlntnin hi- io-iti.ii on the London statfc. His Ixt chanu-t-rs were Lothario, Edgar in Lear, and old men such a

[390] Peter Talbot (1680–1680). titular archbishop of Dublin uu.l je. u.t: -condsonof Sir William Talbot; in various plots to gain assistance for Charles II, .linir about between Ireland and the continent, hut apparently trutol by no party: came to England at the Restoration; consecrated archbishop of Dublin at Ghent, 1669; eniraged in:i dispute about precedency with the primate, Oliver Plunket: nvnvrl a ix'iision of 5XW. from Charles II, and lived at Poole Hall in Cheshire unmolested: was arrested for supposed complicity in the popish plot, lt'7*. and died in Newgate prison, Dublin.

[391] Richard de Talbot, second Baron Talbot (1302?-1356), eldest son of Gilbert de Talbot, first baron Talbot; like his father, sided with the Lancastrian uobles against Edward II, and was captured with him at Boroughbridge, 1322: joined Edwanl III and Isabella on their landing in England. Io26; supported Baliol in Scotland, 13:{2. but on Baliol being driven out was taken prisoner; present at the siege of Touruay, 1340, and at that of Morlaix, 1342: served apparently in the Crecy campaign and at Calais, 1346.

[392] Richard Talbot (d. 1449), archbishop of Dublin and lord chancellor of Ireland; younger brother of John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury; archbishop, 1417; chancellor of Ireland, 1423; acted frequently as deputy during absence of the viceroys in Ireland; summoned to England charged with abetting rebellion, 1429; opposed the government of the Earl of Ormonde, and both ordered to appear in England to answer for their conduct, 1442 and 1443.

[393] Richard Talbot, Earl and titular Duke of Tyrconnel (1630–1691), youngest son of Sir William Talbot; taken prisoner at the rout of Preston's army, 1047; was wounded at the siege of Drogheda, but escaped abroad; returning to England, was arrested by Cromwell on suspicion of plotting his murder, 1 655, but al--o accused by Clarendon of being in the Protector's pay; gentleman of the Duke of York's bedchamber at the Restoration: imprisoned for challenging Ormonde, 1661; fought in the naval action at Lowestoft, 1665; engaged in various love affairs; as spokesman of the Irish Roman catholics opposed Ormonde in Ireland, and was again imprisoned, 1670; arrested for supposed complicity in thepopish plot 1678; given command of the army in Ireland, Ormonde being recalled, and on accession of James II made Earl of Tyrconnel, with chief power in Ireland, and with the object of repealing Act of Settlement, bringing back Roman catholic domination, and making James II independent in England by means of an Irish army; protestant forces disbanded and oath of supremacy dispensed with; made vicero3% 1687; despatched three thousand men to King James's assistance in England; met James II at Kinsale; instigator of all James II's violent proceedings, including the attainder of 2,455 protestant landowners; made duke; commanded at the battle of the Boyne, 1690; advised James's retreat to France, and was left with full powers in Ireland; accused of treachery by the Irish party; left for France after the raising of the siege of Limerick, where he gained the full confidence of James and Louis XIV; returned with money and arms as lord-lieutenant, 1691, and commander-inchief; died of apoplexy shortly after the battle of Aughrim.

[394] Robert Talbot (1505?–1558), antiquary ; scholar at Winchester College; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1521; M.A., 1529; got into trouble as a reformer; friend of Leland and praised by Camden and Lambarde; bis only published work, Annotationes in eam partem Antonini itinerarii quae ad Britanniam pertinet

[395] Thomas Talbot (fl. 1580), antiquary; clerk of the records in the Tower of London before 1580; compiler of many unpublished collections in the Harleian, Cottonian, and Lansdowne MSS.

[396] Thomas Talbot (1771–1853), colonist; younger brother of Sir John Talbot (1769?- 1861) ensign 17*3; attached to the staff of John Graves Simcoe; ouiidcd twenty-eight townships on the north of Lake Erie.

[397] Sir William Talbot, first baronet (d. 1633), Irish politician; legal oracle of the catholic party in the House of Commons one of the deputies sent to James I on their behalf; imprisoned in the Tower of London, 1613; created baronet and given grants of land.

[398] William Talbot (1659?–1730), bishop of Durham; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1GHO; dean of Worcester, ItiOl; bishop of Oxford, Ki99; supported the condemnation of Saehi-verell, 171U; bishop of Durham, 1721; author of sermons.

[399] William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877) pioneer of photography; educated at Harrow; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; Person prizeman, 1820; twelfth wrangler and second chancellor's medallist, 1821; M.A., 1825; invented photogenic drawing 1839, which improved by the talbotype method, subsequently patented by him, was the foundation of the photography of the present day; discovered method of taking instantaneous photographs, 1851, and of photographic enirravintr, 1852; author of mathematical works, of The Pencil of Nature the first book illustrated without aid from the artist, 1844-6, and of other books; F.H.A.S., 1822; F.R.S., 1831; M.P., Chippenham, 1833-4.

[400] David Alphonso Talboys (1790?–1840), bookseller at Oxford; translator of Heeren'sResearches 1882.

[401] '^ Gilbert Talboys, Lord Talboys (d. 1530), keeper of Harbottle Castle, 1509; served in French war, 1513; became insane, 1517.

[402] Sir William Talboys or Tailboys, styled Earl of Kyme (d. 1464), fined 3,OOW. for assaulting Suffolk, 1449; adherent of the Lancastrian cause: fought at St. Albans, 1461, Hede:eley Moor, 1464, and Hexham, 1464; captured soon after the battle of Hexham and beheaded.

[403] Francis Talfourd (1828-18C2), dramatist; eldest sou of Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1852; writer of popular burlesques.

[404] Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd (1795–1854), judge and author; educated at Mill Hill dissenting school, and at Reading under Richard Valpy; read law with Joseph Chitty the elder; published Poems on various Subjects 1811; contributed to the Pamphleteer, the New Monthly Magazine and the Retrospective Review especially articles of dramatic criticism, and made acquaintance of Lamb, Wordsworth, and Coleridge; joined the Oxford circuit and became Times reporter; made Serjeant, 1833, and justice ot the common pleas, 1849; M.P., Reading, 1835, 1837, and 1841; introduced the Custody of Infants Bill and Copyright Bill; best known for his tragedy Ion 1835, a drama conceived in the Greek spirit. Amongst his other publications may be noticed his Letters(1837) and Memorials(1848) of Lamb, and his articles on Lord Eldon and Lord Stowell in the Quarterly Review December 1844.

[405] Talhaiarn ( 1810-18G9). See John Jones

[406] Taliesin (fl. 550), British bard ; perhaps a mythic personage; first mentioned in theSaxon Genealogies appended to the Historia Britonura c. 690. A mass of poetry, probably of later date, has been ascribed to him, and legends told concerning him, printed as Hanes Taliesin in the Cambrian Quarterly Magazine for 1833. The village of Taliesiu in Cardiganshire has sprung up near the supposed site of his grave. TheBook of Taliesiu fourteenth century, is a collection of poems by different authors and of different dates.

[407] Francis Tallents (1619–1708), ejected divine; fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge: received presbyterian ordination, 1648; curate of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, 1653; ejected, 1662; after Monmouth's rebellion confined in Chester Castle, 1685; presented purse of gold to James II in recognition of the indulgence, 1686; author of sermons and controversial religious works.

[408] Thomas Tallis (1510?–1585), musician; organist at Waltham Abbey, 1540: granted half the lease of the manor of Minster in Thanet by Queen Mary, 1557; with William Byrd was given, by Queen Elizabeth, a monopoly of music-printing for twenty-one years, 1576: buried in Greenwich parish church, since pulled down. During life some five of his anthems were published in Day'sCertayne Notes 1560, and he composed eiirht tunes for Archbishop Parker'sPsalter 1567, and a ninth, intended for Veni Creator Spiritix thers were published in Barnard's Selected Church Mustek 1641, Lowe'sShort ninvrion-i for nUn-lrai Set Uryee's T;,t!M:lnil Mn-i.-. 1 17" an-l l;.:. an.l in collection-, hut innny o! lii or:-i ur.ix-ript. He excelled in !.. ii composition*; be was one of thr lirst to. He represent* tho iv.i.-tion from the excessive complications usual m his day, his litany inone o( the fluent pieces of ancient church nm-ic extant ami tln responses auil some of hi* liymn.mic-. iiilii'hiik my God, this Night, 1 an- in general use, while hU wvenvoiced Miserere la a masterpiece of speculative art (RlTTER).

[409] John Talman (l. 1726), amateur William Talman; first director of the Society of Antiquaries, 1718.

[410] William Talman ( f. 1670–1700). ud liat,vorth and other IIOUM.*, and of tlie altt-r.itmns to Hampton Court Palace.

[411] Thomas Taxmash (1G51 ?-1694). See TOLLEMACHE-

[412] Mach lk.

[413] Talsarn (1796–1857). See John Jones.

[414] Tancred ;HKl.-Ti'HKK (1689–1754), benefactor and horeedealer: publishedEssay for a general Regulation of the Law 1727, in which he elaborated reforms a century in advance of hU age: left his property to found twelve Tancred studentship* at Cambridge and Lincoln's Inn, and for the maintenance of twelve jiersons in a hospital

[415] James Napper Tandy ( 1740–1803), United Irishman; born in Dublin; began life as a small tradesman: attacked municipal corruption and became very popular in the city; declared warmly for the American colonies, 1775; became an enthusiastic volunteer, and continued in violent opposition to the government of Ireland; iitrumental in returning C rattan for Dublin, 1790; a leader of the protestant section and upholder of the French revolution: arrested for challenging the attorney-general, 1792; liberated on prorogation of parliament, and instituted unsuccessful proceedings against the Earl of Westmorland, the lord-lieutenant, for false imprisonment: on rejection of the catholic petition commenced further agitation; raised two battalions in Dublin, but the movement failing through the energy of the government, fled to America; visited Paris, 1798, and was given command by the 1M rectory of the Anacreou corvette, with a body of soldiers, with whom he landed in Donegal; issued an absurd proclamation, and took to drinking habits; escaped to Bergen, and travelling to Hamburg was there arrested: taken to Ireland and convicted, but not executed, since doubts arose as to the legality of his arrest; finally liberated through representations made by Bonaparte at I the treaty of Amiens: reached Bordeaux, 1802; well known as the hero of 4 The Wearing of the Green

[416] Tanfield Sltt LAWRENCE (d. 1625), judge: M.P. for Woodstock, 15K4, Oxfordshire, 1604; admitted to the Inner Temple, 1569: knighted and made judge, 1606; chief-baron of the exchequer, 1625; well reputed of by his contemporaries, but in some quarters accused of corruption, fraud, and oppression.

[417] Earls of Tankerville . See GREY, JOHN, d. 1421; GRKY, FORDK, d. 1701.

[418] Robert Tannahill (1774–1810), Scottish songwriter; educated in Paisley; brought up a* a silk- weaver; visited by James Hogg (1770-1835), 1810; drowned himself at Paisley. His poems were published, 1807, the most complete edition lxing that of David Semple, 1873. Among his songs which entitle him to rank with the greatest of Scottish pong-writers are Braes o* GlenifTer * amiJessie the Flower o % Dunblane. 1

[419] John Sigismond Tanner (d. 1776), medallist and engraver at the royal mint.

[420] Thomas Tanner (16HO-1682), historian: B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1650: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1651: M.A. Edinburgh and Oxford, 1663; ejected, 1660; author ofThe Entrance of Mazzariui 1657, and other work-. lv. 35

[421] Thomas Tanner (1674–1735), bishop of St. Asaph and antiquary: educated at Queen's College, Oxford; .M.A., 16V6; D.D., 1710: fellow of All Soul* College, Oxford, 1696; chancellor of Norwich dicoese, 1701: canon of Kly, i;i3..,f :.ll authors noun iMBtl:;r.. !... sjg r. Ill -! tt !.,,... rity; supplied the addition to th -in . i.:,. !....,-,-:..::-.!, tin..;,,,,. oo the county presented by hit ton to the Bail Library; OIL in with fome modification*, bis continuation of his Athens? Oxonienses 1721.

[422] Thomas Hawkes Tanner(I ,,bj. sician: M.D. St. Andrews, 1847; member of the Royal ( rihMd !.M. M, NMl.;:.-.;,..- Hi...... If ..ner; published medical work*.

[423] James Tannock (1784–183X shoemaker ; housepainter and subsequently portrait-painter.

[424] TANS TJR, WILLIAM (16M 7-178SX pnlmodUt.

[425] John Tanswkll (1800–1864). arcluMlogist ; author ofThe History and Antiquities of Lambeth 1868.

[426] Thomas Tany (ft. 1649–1655), fanatic and goldsmith: claimed to bea Jew of the tribe of Reuben 1649; proclaimed the rebuilding of the Temple. 1680, and himself ashigh priest Earl of Essex, heir to the throne, and king of France: imprisoned in Newgate for blasphemy, 1661: awaulted men at the pariiament-hoose, 1654, and finally disappeared; author of pantheistic tracts, illiterate, but with occasional beautie*.

[427] Tanymarian (1822–1885). See Edward Stephen.

[428] John Tapp (Jl. 1596–1615), writer on navigation : author of The Arte of Navigation translated f roui the Spanish by Richard Eden and nowcorrectfi by J. T.; 1596.

[429] Viscocxt Tara (1585–1665). See Thomas Preston.

[430] Viscount Tarbat (1630–1714). See George Mackenzie.

[431] Sir Banastre Tarleton , baronet (1754–1833), general: educated at Liverpool and Oxford: became, rnriiet in (ieorge I II's dragoon guards, 1775, and accompanied rornwallis to America; took part in the attack under Clinton on Charleston, and in the capture (.f N.-uYork and other places, also in the seizure of General Lee and in the operations of January 1777 under Cornwallis: present (1777) at the battle of Brandywine and capture of Genuantown and Philadelphia: took part in Clinton march to New York: distinguished himself in the capture of Charleston, 1780: defeated Burford at Waxhaws and gained honourable mention in despatches at Cornwall's victory (1780) at Camden, and elsewhere; defeated Sumpter at Blackstock Hill, but suffered a revewe at Cowpens; defeated Lafayette and Wayne near Jamestown, 1781, held Gloucester, and on capitulation of that Place with Yorktown, returned to England, 1782; M.P., Liverpool 1790-1806 and 1807-12; held several honxmilitary appointment*: publishedHistory of the Oam$gSs of 1780 and 1781 1781; general, 18U: created baronet, 1815; G.C.B., 1820.

[432] Tarlton iUCHARD (d. 1588),ctor: of humble origin and irain rte.-t education; introduced to Queen Elizabeth through the Earl of Leicester, whose servant his haoDV unhappy answers had attracted; instituted one of Q P un Sbeth's twelve player* 1683: attai.1 an immense popularity by his comic acting, imprortaitions of doggerel verseTnrletonirin*and jigs; led a dissipatellife and died in poverty: probaWv to be fclenSrecTwSh Spenser'sPleasant Willyand Bhataveare'H Yorick: reputed author of semml songs, which however, probably wrongly ascribed to htm. Many toUtious anecdotes connected with htm were published, notably Tarlton's JesU 159J ?-1611 T, in * P'Jjj

[433] Tarras, Earl of (l44-16M). See Walter Scott.

[434] John Tarrino (1806–1878), architect ; ' theOUbert Scott of the dissenters

[435] Edward John Tarver (1841–1891), archlteot : 000 of John Claries Tanrer

[436] John Charles Tarver (1790–1851), educational writer; born ut Dieppe, and to-other ith his parent-; thrown into prison on tin- outbreak of the war with England. 17i)3; educated in France; published Itoyal i'lirnseol_'uil Kiu'l.sh-French and French-English Dictionary IMS; tutor to Prince George, duke of iamhri.lie, lsis: French master at Eton, 1826; author also ofL'lnferno, cu franeais 1824, and other French educational works.

[437] Elzear Alexandre Taschereau (1820-]1898), Canadian cardinal; educated at the Quebec seminary; ministered to Irish emigrants stricken with typhus on Urosse island, 1847; superior of the Quebec seminary ami rector of Laval University, 1842: archf Quebec. 1871-98; first Canadian cardinal, 1886.

[438] William Tasker (1740–1800), poet and antiquary: B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1762; rector of Iddesleieh;a well-known physiognomist and Greek scholar: his interview with Dr. Johnson, 1779, one of the most life-like passages in Boswell; author of Ode to the Warlike Genius of Great Britain._ 1778,An Ode to Curiosity (2nd edit. 1779), translations, and other works.

[439] James Tassie (1735–1799), modeller; began life as a stonemason; invented, together with Quin, the white enamel composition used for his medallion portraits and reproduction of gems; produced a large number of reproductions of gems enumerated by Rudolf Eric Raspe in his Descriptive Catalogue 1791.

[440] William Tassie (1777–1860), modeller; nephew of James Tassie, to whose business he succeeded, the collection of impressions amounting finally to twenty thousand specimens; his portrait medallions inferior to his uncle's.

[441] Thomas Pitt Taswell-Langmead (1840-1882).

[442] Alexander Norman Tate (1837–1892), analytical chemist; devoted himself especially to the study of American petroleum, and wrotePetroleum and its Products 1863; practised in Liverpool and elsewhere; specialist in the analysis of oils and fats; founded the Liverpool operativesscience classes, 1871.

[443] Christopher Tate (1811–1841), sculptor.

[444] Francis Tate (1560–1616), antiquary ; of Magdalen College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1587; original member and secretary of the Society of Antiquaries; M.P., Northampton, 1601, Shrewsbury, 1604-11; justice itinerant in Wales: J.P., Glamorganshire, Brecknockshire, and Radnorshire; his antiquarian collections afterwards used by Camden and others.

[445] George Tate (1746–1821), admiral in the Russian navy; said to have distinguished himself in engagements against the Turks and Swedes; wounded at the capture of Ismail, 179U.

[446] George Tate (1805–1871), topographer and naturalist; brother of Thomas Tate; began life as a linendraper; postmaster, 1848: active in all public movements in the town; published History of Alnwick 1865-9, besides works on archaeology and natural history.

[447] Sir Henry Tate, first baronet (1819–1899), public benefactor; altered firm of sugar refiners at Liverpool; patented invention for cutting up sugar-loaves, 1872; came to London, 1880, and rapidly made large fortune from Tate's c-.ibe sugar; formed at Park Hill, Slreutham, a valuable collection of works by contemporary masters, which he offered to the nation on condition that the government should find a site for a gallery which he would build; the building erected on ground occupied by Millbank Prison (demolished, 1893), and opened, 1897, as National Gallery of British Art (known as the Tate Gallery); created baronet, 1898.

[448] James Tate (1771–1843), schoolmaster and author; educated at Richmond School and at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1707; fellow, 1795; master of Richmond grammar school, 1796-1833; an admirable classical scholar and successful schoolmaster; chief work, Hortius ReBtltutus 1832.

[449] Nahum Tate (1652–1715), poetaster and dramatist; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1672; published a volume of poems, 1677, and brought out several plays, his alteration ofKing Iear in which Cordelia survives and marries Edgar, holding the stage till about 1840; wrote, with Dyden's assistance, the second i:irt of 'Absalom and Achitophel 1682; appointed poet latm-:it-, 1692, and historiographer-royal, 1702; published, with Nicholas Brady, the well-known New Version " the Psalms in metre, 1696; the Christmas hymn, While shepherds watched attributed to him; wrote mainly as editor or translator: his chief original poem being 'Panacea a Poem on Tea 1700. In the Dunciad his work is labelled as Tate's poor page.

[450] Thomas Tate (1807–1888), mathematician; brother of George Tate (1805-1871); mathematical and scientific master at Battersea, 1840-9, and Knellur colleges, 1849-56; F.R.A.S., 1851; inventor of the Tate double-piston air-pump; published mathematical works and a Philosophy of Education 1854.

[451] William Tate (1750?–1806), portrait-painter.

[452] Zouch Tate (1606–1650), parliamentarian; nephew of Francis Tate; cf Trinity College, Oxford; mover of the self-denying ordinance, 1644.

[453] Charles Heathoote Tatham (1772–1842), architect; worked under Henry Holland (1746?-1806) , and designed the decorations for Drury Lane Theatre, London; visited Italy, 1794; published Ancient Ornamental Architecture at Rome and in Italy, 1 1 799, and collected a fine assemblage of antique fragments, now in Sir John Soane's collection; exhibited at the Royal Academy, and carried out architectural and decorative work in various houses in the severe classical style; fell into pecuniary difficulties, 1834; made warden of Holy Trinity Hospital, Greenwich.

[454] Edward Tatham (1749–1834), controversialist; of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A., 1776; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1781, appointed rector, 1792-1834; D.D., 1787; preached a famous sermon, c. 1802, on the disputed verse in St. John's first epistle (v. 7); opposed the new examinations; published The Chart and Scale of Truth by which to find the Cause of Error (his Bampton lectures, 1790), a famous series of discourses embodying a new system of logic, much praised by Burke, and other political and miscellaneous works and pamphlets.

[455] Henry Tattam (1789–1868), Coptic scholar; incumbent of Stanford Rivers, 1849; hon. LL.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1845: D.D. Gottingen, and doctor of philosophy, Leyden; archdeacon of Bedford, 1845; F.R.S., 1835; works include A Compendious Grammar of the Egyptian Language 1830, The Ancient Coptic Version of the Book of Job 1846.

[456] John Tatham (fl. 1632–1664), dramatist and city poet; writer of the city pageants, 1657-64, and author of several playsLove crowns the End 1640,The Distracted State 1651, aimed against sectaries and the Scots, The Scots Figparies 1652, and The Rump 1660, which had considerable influence in preparing the political transition of several pageants, and of at least two volumes of verse, Fancies Theater 1640. and Ostell 1650.

[457] William Tatham (1752–1819), soldier and engineer; went to America, 1769, and became a clerk in a merchant's office; took part in the revolutionary war; fought at the siege of Yorktown, 1781, and was employed in various official capacities; author of several works; committed suicide.

[458] George Tattersall (1817–1849), 'Wildrake,' artist; grandson of Richard Tattersall; published 'The Lakes of England 1836, with beautiful outline drawings; Sporting Architecture 1841; Cracks of the Day 1841, and with Henry Alkcn illustrated NimrodV. Hunting Reminiscences 1843, the engravings in the two latter works being greatly prized. He alto contributed illustrations of great merit to other works.

[459] Richard Tattersall (1724–1795), founder of Tattersall's; second son of Edmund Tattersall of Ridge and Hurstwood; became stud-groom to Evelyn 1'icrrepont, second Duke of Kingston; set up as a horse auctioneer at Hyde 1'ark r O rm-r. 1766, wln-rv hi* honesty ami minf*slike pm-ision hrutiirht Inn. tle highest patronage. fitt.-l up hiMiWriptii.!! runni and entertatned tin- Prince t vi,.ria Fox, Wtadbam, tad others at hi* seat, llitflinjer Hall, n.itr Ky

[460] William de Chair Tattersall (1752–1889), editor of psalmody;..hn-at.-.l nt. -. n.rit Chnn-li. Oxford: M.A., 1777; rvctOT of WestiHMirii-: published, r Paraphrase of the 1 "- "1 to the Purposes* Devo tiou 1789, and tbe Improved Psalmody 1794.

[461] Tatwin, Tatuini or Tadwinus (d. lifS), bishop of Canterbury. 731: a Mercian and priwt of monastery culled Briudtm or Bredou, in WoruesU. bore a high character for religion, prudence, aud Moral Uannuf. Forty enigmas written in Latin hexameters an- Attributed to him, and other poems.

[462] Matthkw Tattbman (rf.lG90?), city poet: author of An Heroic Poem to his Koyal Highness the Duke of York 1688,Loyal Poems and Satyr* 1685, and various piece* celebrating the inauguration of the lord mayors.

[463] Nathanael Taubman (d. 17*0 ?X coaxial? at Leghorn aud author; sou of Matthew Taabmau q. T.I "1

[464] Taunton first BAHOX (1798-1 niKKK, HKXHY. Iv. 390 'X See Henry Labouchere.

[465] John Taunton (1769–1821), surgeon; became a , pupil of Henry dine at St. Thomas's Hospital, Loudon; demonstrator of anatomy at Ouy's Hospital,; London, and suiyoon to the city dispensary, l0l; founded tbe City of London Truss Society, 1807.

[466] Sir William Elias Tattnton (1778–1835), jus- I ticeof the king's bench, 1K30: educated at Westminster ! and Christ Church, Oxford; chancellor's prizeman for the English essay, 1793; M.A., 179G; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1799; published legal works.

[467] Tautph (EUS, BARONBM vox, originally Jemima Montgomery (1807–1893), novelist of foreign manners; I author of The Initials 1850, and other novels of merit. I

[468] John Taverner (Jl. 1530), musician ; presumably identical with the Taverner of Boston who was made by Wotaey master of tbe choristers at Cardinal College (Christ Church), e. 1525; composed masses, motets, and rang*, Jv.it, us far as is known, no instrumental music, almost nil remainiug in manuscript; lost of the pre- Reformation composers.

[469] John Taverner (1581–1638), professor of music at Oreaham (Allege; grandson of Richard Taverner ; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1606 (incorporated at Oxford, 1606); professor, 1610-38.

[470] Richard Taverner (1505?-1575), religious re- ! former and author: often confused with John Taverner (fl. 1530); educated at Cardinal's College, Oxford, and at Cambridge; M.A.: patronised by Wotaey, and, on his fall, by Cromwell, for whom he wrote works supporting the Reformation, including hU English version of the bible, 1539, which was a revised edition of Matthew's, and a commentary on the epistles ami gospels, 1540; clerk of the privy seal, 1536, which he retained till the accession of Queen Mary; sent to the Tower of London, 1541, on the faU of Cromwell, but released, and was granted ly Henry VIII various estates: M.P., Liverpool, 1645; licensed to preach, 1562: under Queen Elizabeth J.P. and high sheriff of Oxfordshire: author of several religious works and translations from Erasmus.

[471] Roger Taverner (d. 1588), economic writer: brother of Richard Taverner; educated at Cambridge; wrote ou the scarcity of provisions; became surveyor-general of woods, c. 1640; M.P., Launcestou, 1554.

[472] William Taverner (-. 1731), dramatist: procurator-general of the court of arches at Canterbury: author of "The Artful Husband (produced, 1717), and of other plays of little uii-rit.

[473] William Taverner (1703–1772), procurator general uud artist; son of William Taverner (d. 1731) q. v. lv. 396

[474] Taxbter orTAYSTS*. :n I ti-r portion from towards Uw mk tury it by far tbe most valm Simon de Montfort. ntrr i. :

[475] Charles Benjamin Tayler (1797–1876 M L, Mrilg ..;:..-.. Om :.-. Mi M. M..:.;-t,,,;,.,..,...-. writer for the young.

[476] Tayler Fill.!

[477] John James Tayler (1797-18W), Unitarian divine; educated at Manchester College, York; IJ.A. cbesterT'vlsited inteiS Jed siastical htetory at Manchester New College. 1840, pro. fe rf Of V"** 1862 *** principal, 1868: publiabed religious and other works.

[478] Joseph Needham Tayler (1786-18C4). rearadmiral; enterel the navy on the Royal Geoive, 1796. ami V witnessal the mutiny at Spithead, 1797: wounded at the siege of St. Sebastian; C.B., 1816; rear-admiral. 1846.

[479] William Tayler (1808–1893), Indian youiik'er brother of Frederick Tayler; educated at tin- Charterhouse, London; appointed assistant-commissioner of Cuttack, 1830; during the mutiny be grave mistakes; suspended, 1869; published works deal* ing with his case and ou India.

[480] Abraham Taylor (. 1737–1740), independent tutor; minister at Deptford, 17*8; preacher and divinity tutor; D.D.; published religious and! controversial works.

[481] Alfred Swaine Taylor jurist; student of Guy's and St. Thomas's hospitals, London: travelled and studied abroad; professor of medical jurisprudence at Guy's Hospital, 1831-77, and lecturer on rl.rmi-try, 1&E2-70; authority as a witness in poisoning trials; invented valuable improvements in Talbot's photographic processes, including tin- u.*e of byposulphate of lime as a fixer; editor of the London Medical Gazette 1HH-51; F.U.C.P., 1853: F.H.S., ISIS; published, among other books, A Manual of Medical Juri-prudencc 1844, The Principles aud Practice of Medical Jurisprudence 1865, ami Poisons in Relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medicine 1848, standard works throughout tbe world.

[482] Mrs. Ann Taylor, originally Ann Martin (1757-1830), authoress; married Isaac Taylor (1769-1829)

[483] Ann Taylor (1782–1866). See Ann Gilbert.

[484] Brook Taylor (1685–1731), mathematician: LL.D. St. John's College, Csonbridgi-. 1714: ivnvsponded with John Keill and sent a solution of the pn.l.Km involved in Kepler's second law of planetary motion to John Machin, 1712; FJU*., 1712, and first secretary, 1714; puhlislu-1 solution of the problem of tlte centre of o,oillation, 1714(obtaiml in 17iM: published hidua Incrementorum Directa ct Invers*,* 1716 (the flrt treatise dealing with the calculus of finite differences containing Taylor's Theorem and other original solutions and formulas; Linear Perspective 171 Principles of Linear Perspective 1719, and other works.

[485] Sir Brook Taylor (1776–1846), ambassador; brother of Sir Herbert Taylor; G.C.H n 18*2.

[486] Charles Taylor (1756-1W8), Mdufeaod engraver; son of Isaac Taylor (1780-1807); articled to bis father and studied under Bartolozzi: editor of re timiarv i)I tin- Hilil: published J'ir turaquc Beauties of Shakespeare 17s:, and other works.

[487] Christopher Taylor (d. 1686), quaker schoolmuter: brother of Thomas Taylor (1618-1682); B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1G36; became puritan minister: converted by George Fox, 1652; started a school at Walthain Abbey, 1670; followed William Peun to Pennsylvania, 1682; published religious works.

[488] Dan Taylor (1738–1816), founder of the new connexion of general baptists; son of a miner in Yorkshire; joined the Wesleyans, 1759, but withdrew, 1762; baptised in the river Idle, 1763, and ordained baptist pastor at Wad-worth; did not leave the old general assembly till 1803, though the formation of a new connexion wan resolved upon under his auspices at Lincoln on the spread of auti-trinitarian views in the general assembly, 1769; author of religious works.

[489] Edgar Taylor (1793–1839), solicitor, legal writer, translator, and biographer; dissenter; grandson of John Taylor (1694-1761); author of German Popular Stories- translated from the Grimms, 1824-6, The New Testament... revised (posthumous), 1840, and other works.

[490] Edward Taylor (1784–1863), Gresham professor of music; son of John Taylor (1750-1826); ironmonger at Norwich; promoter of the first triennial Norwich musical festival, 1824, and vocalist; friend of Spohr, whose works he translated and introduced at Norwich; Gresham professor, 1837-63: author of songs, words of songs, adaptations, and other works.

[491] Emily Taylor (1795–1872), authoress; sister of Edgar Taylor

[492] George Ledwell Taylor (1788–1873), architect; travelled abroad and discovered the famous Theban hon at Chaeronea, 1818; surveyor of buildings to the naval department, 1824; laid out Westbourne Terrace, London, and neighbouring squares, 1843-8; wrote The Stones of Etruria and Marbles of Antient Rome 1859, and other works.

[493] Harriette Deborah Taylor (1807–1874).

[494] Helen Taylor (1818–1885), writer of religious works for children; granddaughter of Isaac Taylor (17591829)

[495] Henry Taylor (1711–1785), theological writer; educated at Hackney and at Queens College, Cambridge; fellow, 1733: M.A., 1735: rector of Wheatfield and other livings; espoused the Apolliuarian heresy in The Apology of Ben Mordecai 1771-7.

[496] Taylor Sm HENRY (1800–1886), author of 'Philip van Artevelde held a small official appointment in London, 1817-20: returned home, 1820, and wrote poetry and articles on Moore and Lord John Russell accepted by theQuarterly Review wrote also for theLondon Magazine; given an appointment in the colonial office 1824; became acquainted with Southey, Wordsworth, Mill, and Sir James Stephen; finished his tragedy, Isaac Comnenus 1828, a failure; published Philip van Artevclde 1834, which was a great success (though failing on the stage in 1847), and The Statesman nn ironical exposition of the arts of succeeding, 1830; supported the policy of melioration and not abolition of the slave laws, advised the suppression of the West Indian assemlies, and approved of Governor Eyre's action, 1865 I hihp van Artevelde (modelled upon the Elizabethan Jrama) has great interest as a psychological study.

[497] Taylor 8m HERBERT (1775–1839), iieutenantirt-neral; a good linguist; employed by Lord Grenville is his secretary and in the foreign office; saw active wrvice m tlie Duke of York's campaign in the Netherlands, and made lieutenant in the 2nd dragoon guards served on foreign missions; secretary to the Duke of York, 1794, to George III, 1806, to Queen Charlotte and k "HSS IV: commissioner by the regency act of IIVe, II 8 f, e8t ? te; "Hreneral, 1825; adjutantTV. T for08B 1828: dcf del George III and i ~ ir ~" * Remarks &c., 1888; G.CJJ., 1834. ,

[498] Isaac Taylor 17:;u lsu7). engraver; made his way to London, c. 1752; ei.-uu-d phiU-s for tlie tienth man's Magazine and concentrated his attention OH book illustration, including those for Owen's Dictionary Chainbers's Cy.-jopa-dia and Riehardon4 Sir Charles Grandison 1778; excelled al?o as a portraitpainter; fellow and secretary of the Society of Artists.

[499] Isaac Taylor (1759–1829), engraver and writer for the young; sou of Isaac Taylor (1730-1807); brought up in the studio of his father; engraved plates for Boydell's bible andShakespeare; publishedSpecimens of Gothic Ornaments seleotal from the Parish Church of Lavenham 1796, and produced other succe-fnl engravings; nonconformist pastor of Ongar, where he published a series of children's manuals.

[500] Isaac Taylor (1787–1865), artist, author, and inventor; son of Isaac Taylor of Ongar (1759-1829) ; began life as an engraver; his work much admired by Rossetti and Gilchrist; early turned his attention to literature, and wrote a large number of works, includingThe Elements of Thought 1823,The Natural History of Enthusiasm 1830, by which he is best known,Fanaticism 1833.Spiritual Despotism 1835, Ancient Christianity and the Doctrines of the Oxford Tracts 1839-40, and The Restoration of Belief 1855; regarded by some as the greatest lay theologian since Coleridge: his attention especially drawn to the problems presented by the corruptions of the Christian church; perfected an ingenious machine for engravingupon copper.

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