Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 50

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 50 running from name Russen to name Scobell.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 50 Russen - Scobell. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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18

19

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39

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Notes

^ David Russen (ft. 1705), author ; published, 1703, i Iter Lunare, or a Voyage to the Moon au account and criticism of Cyrauo de Bergerac's Seleiiarelua
^ George Rust (d. 1670), bishop of Dromore; M.A. St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1650; fellow of Christ's College, 1649-59; dean of Connor, 1661; bishop of Droj more, 1667-70; published theological treatises.
^ Thomas Cyprian Rust (1808–1895), divine; baptist minister at Colchester, 1838; joined church of England; LL.B. Queens College, Cambridge, 1856; rector of Westerfield, 1875-90; published works relating to Hebrew scriptures and other writings.
^ Tobias Rustat (1606?–1694), university benefactor; apprenticed to barber-surgeon in London; en1 tered service of William Feilding, earl of Denbigh, , and later that of George Villiers, second duke of Buckingham; servant of Prince of Wales (Charles II); escaped to continent with Buckingham, 1648; yeoman of robes to Charles II, 1650-85; M.A. per literas regias, Cambridge, 1674; his portrait painted by Lely; benefactor of Jesus and other Cambridge colleges.
^ Thomas Ruthall or Rowthall (d. 1523), bishop of Durham; educated at Oxford; incorporated D.D. Cambridge, 1600; secretary to Henry VII, subsequently to Henry VIII; prebendary and dean of Lincoln, i 1505; privy councillor; bishop of of privy seal, 1516. Durham, 1509; keeper
^ Andrew Rutherford , first EARL OF TEVJOT (d. 1664), educated at Edinburgh; entered French service and attained rank of lieutenant-general; created Baron Rutherford, 1661, and Earl of Teviot, 1663; governor, 1663, of Tangier, where he was killed in sally against Moors.
^ Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819), physician and botanist; son of John Rutherford (1695-1779); M.A. Edinburgh; obtained M.D., 1772, with dissertation establishing distinction between carbonic acid gas and nitrogen; professor of botany and keeper of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 1786; physician in ordinary to royal infirmary, 1791; F.L.S., 1796; published botanical and medical writings.
^ John Rutherford (d. 1577), Scottish divine : studied at Bordeaux and Paris; professor of humanity at St. Mary's College and, 1560, principal of St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews; ordained minister of Cults, 1563; published De Arte Disserendi 1577.
^ John Rutherford (1695–1779), physician ; educated at Edinburgh: apprenticed as surgeon: M.D. Rheims, 1719; professor of practice of medicine, 1726-65, at Edinburgh, where he began clinical teaching of medicine. Hia daughter, Anne, married Sir Walter Scott's father.
^ Samuel Rutherford (1600–1661), divine; graduated at rlini.urgh. I'il, and WM regent of humanity, 1623-6; pastor of AowoUi, Galloway, 1617; puili.htd trvuti*- against Armlnlauism, and was snsIM-H.II-.I for nonconformity by high oomtnUiiion at Edinburgh, i use; ordered to reside, during Charlea I's pleasure, at Aberdeen; member of Glasgow assembly, 1638; professor of divinity, St. Mary's College, 8L Andrews; one of commitwionen of church of Scotland to Westminster Assembly, 1643; principal of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews; rector of university of St. Andrews, 1641; took part In opposing the engagement and ui.liv.v-, mil overturning government joined those wbo'oondemned Che treaty with Charles II i sinful; deprived of office* at Restoration. (.1. 7
^ William Rutherford (1798?–1871), mathematician; mathematical master at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1888-64; honorary secretary, Royal Astronomical Society, 1845 and 1846; published mathematical
^ Third Baron Ruthven (1M1:.w:,.,.M.-I -.,,.; Wm MiBni MM Ruthven: educated at 8t Andrews lM8;ot fa,,f In enforcing the BeformaUon In part in capture of Perth from French; supported ..f Nrtk, i.v.3.. sion of Mary of Guise, queen dowager, from onVw of MM*, Ifsi...,.,.:--;,. BM srsatj oil i-r.... L440; ufa.,.;:,-:,.r.,: M,r. Qown ol BooU, ISM, but..... t.:: tO MMOTt pro* SMI ! idVWaftad It* I-ar.,-;. marriage, and took Mary's part In subsequent rebellion of Moray, 1565; assisted In murder oCBbtlo, 1566,
^ William Rutherford (1839–1899), physiologist; M.D. Edinburgh, 1863; studied on continent; professor of physiology at King's College, London, 1869, and at Edinburgh, 1874-99; Fullerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution, London, 1871; his works Include Text Book of Physiology 1880.
^ Thomas Rutherforth (1713–1771), divine ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1733; reglus professor of divinity and D.D., 1745; F.R.S., 1743; chaplain to Frederick, prince of Wales, and, later, to the princess liwf m: archdeacon of Essex, 1763; published treatises on natural science and other subjects.
^ Andrew Rutherfurd , LORD RLTIIKKH KI (1791-1854), Scottish judge; educated at Edinburgh: passed advocate, 1812; solicitor-general for Scotland, 1837; chamberlain to Charle*, prince o( Wales, whom he aeopnv iordadvocate and M.P. for Leith Burghs, 1839; resigned panted to Jewey and France, 1646; with Charles II in 1 Scotland, 1650. Uonofthe
^ Patrick Ruthven , EARL OF FORTH AND BRENTFORD (1578?–1651), captain of regiment of Scots in Sweden, 1613; colonel, c. 1618; fought with distinction at Dirschau, and was knighted by Guttavus Adolpbus, 1637; commander of Swedish garrison of Ulm, 1633; received earldom of Ktrchberg; major-general, 1633; at capture of Landsberg: lieutenant-general to Banter in Thuringta; muster-master-general of forces in Scotland, ;.,.; qravM Bra isthwBi -f IMriok, Mtf: mander of Berwick Cartle; surrendered Berwick to covenanters after severe attack, 1640: created Earl of Forth, 1643; fought at Bdgehill, 1643, and appointed general-in-chief of Charles I's army; wounded In unsuccessful attempt to raise siege of Reading, 164S; created Earl of Brentford, 1644; declared traitor by Scottish parliament, 1644; obtained surrender of Essex's army at Lostwlthtel, 1644; superseded by Prince Rupert, 1644; Burghs, office, 184L, on Peel's accession to- power; took active part in parliamentary proceedings relating to Scotland; chosen lord rector of Glasgow University, 1844; supported abolition of corn laws, 1845; reappolnted lord advocate, 1846; member of commission on marriage laws, 1847; moved successfully for bill to amend law of entail in Sootland, 1848; appointed ordinary lord of session and privy councillor, and took seat on bench aa Lord Rutherford, 1851.
^ Alexander Ruthven (1680?–1600), master of Ruthven; third son of William Ruthven, fourth baron Ruthven and first earl of Oowrie; educated at Perth and Edinburgh University; became gentleman of bedchamber to James VI, and was a favourite of his queen; said to have been engaged, 1600, in plot to capture James VI, whom he decoyed to the house of his brother John Ruthven, third earl of Gowrie, near Perth; killed there by Sir John Ramsay. The account Is given by King James himself, and there are several theories as to it* truth.
^ Edward Southwell Ruthven (1772–1836), Irish politician; son of Edward Trotter: assumed name of Ruthven, 1800; educated at Wadham College, Oxford; whig M.P., Downpatrick, 1806-7, 1830, and 1831, and Dublin. 1832; supported Reform Bill, 1831; again returned for Dublin, 1835, but unseated on petition.
^ John Ruthven , third EARL OF GowR(1578?–1600), son of William Ruthven, fourth baron Ruthven and i first earl of Gowrie; succeeded his brother in earl
^ William Ruthven , second BARON RUTHVBN (d. 1553), grandson of first Lord Ruthven; custodian and constable of king's hospital, near Speygate, Perth, 1538; extraordinary lord of session, 1633; privy councillor, 1543; chosen one of guardians of Mary Qoeen of Scott, 1543; keeper of privy seal, 1546.
^ William Ruthven , fourth BARON RUTHVEN and first EARL OF GOWRIE (15417-1584), second son of Patrick Ruthven, third baron Ruthveu; joined conspiracy against Rizzio, 1666, and subsequently accompanied his father to England; denounced as rebel, 1566, but portioned: appointed with Lord Lindsay to have charge of Mary Queen of Soots during her imprisonment ut Lochleven; assisted In obtaining her dfmlmion of government to her son, 1667; took part In several engagements against her supporters; lord high treasurer for life, 1571; commissioner for pacification of Perth, 1673; one of Morton's representatives at convention at Stirling, 1578; lord of the articles under Morton; extraordinary lord of session, 1578; created Earl of Gowrie, 1581; entered conspiracy known as Raid of Buthven by which James VI was induced to go to Cowrie's seat at Ruthven, and was practically placed under custody of the conspirators, 1682; member of new privy council, 18J: pardoned for share in Ruthven raid: joined with Angus, Mar, and others plot to capture Stirling Castle, 15 arrested, convicted of high dom, 1588; M.A. Edinburgh, 1593: provost of supported extreme protestant party; studied at and was elected rector of the university; attended convention of estates and headed opposition to James VI, who proposed to maintain by taxation an army to ensure his succession to English throne: said to have been in communication with Sir Robert Logan respecting plot to convey James VI to Logan's stronghold of Past Castle; was at his house at Perth in 1600 when his brother Alexander Ruthven arrived with James VI, and after his brother's alleged assault on James VI was killed by James VI's attendants while attempting to avenge his brother's death. It is doubtful whether Gowrie and his brother wished to make away with James VI, or obtain from him a settlement of his debts, or whether James VI, i who owed Gowrie large sums of money. Invented the story. to hide a plot, on bis own part, of agntsHnattrm. The family estates were forfeited, and the name and honours decreed by parliament to be extinct. beheaded at first
^ Dukm of Rutland . See MANNERS, JOHN, Dukr 1688–1711; MANNERS, CHARLKH, fourth 1754-1787: MANNER*, CHARLRB CECIL JOHN, sixth Dtnut, 1815-1888.
^ Earls of Rutland . See MAXNZRS, THOMAS, first Earl d. 1543 ; MANNERS, HKNRT, second BAAL,*. 1563 : *, EDWARD, third EARL, 1649-1687; MANNERS, ROGER, fifth EARL, 1576-1613; MANNER*, i EARL, 1678-1633; MANNERS, JOHN, eighth EARL, 16041679.
^ Hugh of Rutland (. 1185), See ROTKUASOB, Hl-K I'll. 1
^ James Rutledge or John James (1743–1794), miscellaneous writer; born probably at Dunkirk; served in Berwick's Franco-Irish cavalry regiment, and subsequently lived by his pen; prominent tPris during revolution; a leading member of Cordeliers Club till 1791; published works in French.
^ John Towill Rutt (1760–1841), politician; educated at St. Paul's School, London; entered his father's business of wholesale merchant in drugs in London; joined Society for Constitutional Information, 1780; active member of Society of Friends of the People; aided in founding, and contributed regularly to Monthly Repository, acting occasionally as editor; published miscellaneous works.
^ John Rutter (1796–1851), quaker; settled as bookseller and printer at Shaftesbury, c. 1818; gave up and studied law, c. 1830; published topographical
^ Joseph Butter (fl. 1635), poet; tutor to two sons of Edward Sackville, fourth earl of Dorset; published The Shepheard's Holy Day (1635) and other poetical works.
^ John Rutty (1698–1775), physician ; M.D. Leyden, 1723; practised in Dublin, 1724-75; quaker; kept a spiritual diary and soliloquies 1753-74; published works on medical subjects, a History of the Quakers in Ireland, 1653-1751 (1751), and a Natural History of County of Dublin (1772).
^ William Rttttt (1687–1730), physician; M.D. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1719; F.R.C.P., 1720; osteology lecturer at Barber-Surgeons Hall, 1721, viscera lecturer, 1724, and muscular lecturer, 1728; Gulstonian lecturer, 1722; F.R.S., 1720.
^ Ruvigny second MARQUIS DE (1648–1720). See M ASSUK DK RUVIGXY, HENRI DE.
^ Henry Thomas Ryall (1811–1867), engraver : pupil of Samuel William Reynolds (1773-1835); engraved plates for Lodge's Portraits and other works; appointed honorary engraver to Queen Victoria for engraving Leslie'sChristening of Princess Royal: executed plates after Laudseer, and occasionally exhibited paintings in oils.
^ Daniel Frederick Ryan (1762?–1798), Irish loyalist; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; army surgeon in 103rd regiment, under Sir Ralph Abercromby ; editor ofDublin Journal 1784; captain of St. Sepulchre's yeomanry corps; died from wounds received while assisting Henry Charles Sirr and Swan in arresting Lord Edward Fitzgerald
^ Edward Ryan (d. 1819), divine: M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1773: LL.B., 1779: D.D., 1789; prebendary of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1790-1819; published theological works.
^ Sir Edward Ryan (1793–1875), judge ; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1814; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1817; appointed puisne judge of supreme court of Calcutta and knighted, 1826; chief-justice of presidency of Bengal, 1833; returned to England, 1843; privy councillor, 1843; civil service commissioner, 1855; first commissioner, 1862; F.G.S., 1846; F.R.S., 1860; published legal works.
^ Lacy Ryan (1694?-1760), actor; educated at St. Paul's School, London; entered solicitor's office; adopted theatrical profession; played various Shakespearean characters in London at Drury Lane, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and Coveut Garden, including Hamlet, lago, and Edgar (in King Lear) at Lincoln's Inn Fields.
^ Michael Ryan (fl. 1800), medical writer; M.D. Edinburgh, 1784; F.R.C.S. Ireland; practised at Kilkenny, and later at Edinburgh; probably M.R.C.S. London; published medical works.
^ Michael Ryan (1800–1841), physician and author; M.R.C.S. and M.R.C.P. London; physician to Metropolitan Free Hospital: edited London Medical and Surgical Journal 1832-8; published medical and surgical works.
^ Michael Desmond Ryan (1816–1868), journalist; son of Michael Ryan (fl. 1800); studied medicine at Edinburgh; sub-editor of Musical World 1846-68; connected, as musical critic, with several journals; published MOfi and other writings.
^ Richard Ryan (1796–1849), bookseller : published Plays, songs, and other writings, including Biographia Hibernica, 1 1819-21.
^ Vincent William Ryan (1816-1888), divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1848; D.D,, 1853; principal of Church of England Metropolitan Training Institution, Highbury, 1850; bishop of Mauritius, 1854; returned lioim 1, 1K67: archdeacon of Craven, 1875; went on special mission to Mauritius, 1872: published religious and other writings.
^ Sir Paul Rycaut or Ricaut (1628–1700), traveller and author; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1650; secretary in Turkish embassy of Heneage Finch, second earl of Winchilsea, 1661; consul of Levant Company at Smyrna, 1667; published Present State of Ottoman Empire 1668, andHistory of Turkish Empire, 1623-77 1C79; knighted and sworn privy councillor and judge of admiralty in Ireland, 1685; appointed resident in Hamburg and the Hanse Towns, 1G89: recalled, 1700; F.R.S., 1666; translated from the Spanish; his portrait painted by Lely.
^ Sir Alfred Phillipps Ryder (1820–1888), admiral of the fleet; entered navy, 1833; lieutenant, 1841; captain, 1848; in Channel, 1853-7; in Russian war; controller of coastguard, 1863-6: vice-admiral, 1872; commander-in-chief in China, 1874-7; admiral, 1877; commander-iu -chief at Portsmouth, 1879-82; K.C.B., 1884; admiral of fleet, 1885.
^ Sir Dudley Ryder (1691–1756), judge ; studied at Edinburgh and Leydeu; barrister, Middle Temple, 1725; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1726, bencher, 1733, treasurer, 1734, and master of library, 1735; M.P., St. Germans, 1733, and Tiverton, 1734; solicitor-general, 1733; attorneygeneral, 1737; knighted, 1740; prosecuted for crown captured rebels of 1746; lord chief- justice of king's bench, 1754; privy councillor. He was created Baron Ryder of Harrowby, but died before ceremony of kissing hands.
^ Dudley Ryder , first EARL OF HARROWBY and Viscount Sandon , and second BARON HARROWBY (1762-1847), son of Nathaniel Ryder, first baron Harrowby ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1782; M.P., Tiverton, 1784; under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1789; privy councillor, 1790; paymaster of forces and vicepresident of board of trade, 1791; treasurer of navy, 1800-1; succeeded his father, 1803; foreign secretary under Pitt, 1804, but resigned owing to ill-health; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, with seat in cabinet, 1805; went on peace mission to Berlin, Vienna, and St. Petersburg, 1805; president of board of control, 1809; created Earl of Harrowby and Viscount Sandon, 1809; president of council, 1812-27; chairman of lordscommittee on currency, 1819; retired from office on death of Canning; supported parliamentary reform; D.C.L. Oxford, 1814; LL.D. Cambridge, 1833.
^ Dudley Ryder , second EARL OP HARROWBY (1798-1882), son of Dudley Ryder, first earl of Harrowby v.; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1832; D.C.L., 1848; .P., Tivertou, 1819, 1820, 1826, and 1830: lord of admiralty, 1827-8; secretary to India board, 1830-1; M.P., Liverpool, 1831, 1832, 1835, 1837, and 1841-7; supported Reform Bill; commissioner for inquiry into army punishments, 1835; followed Peel in adoption of free-trade principles, 1845; ecclesiastical commissioner, 1847; succeeded his father, 1847; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster and privy councillor, 1855; lord privy seal, 1855-7; resigned from ill-health, 1867: admitted to order of Garter, 1869: first standing committee of cabinet established at his instance; moved rejection of Gladstone's Irish Church Bill, 1869: chairman of Maynooth commission; member of the first Oxford University and other commissions; F.R.S., 1853.
^ Dudley Francis Stuart Ryder , third EARL OF HARROWBY (1831-1900), second son of Dudley Ryder, second earl of Harrowby; of Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1878; M.P. for Lichfield, as supporter of Palrnerston, 1856-9, and for Liverpool, 18681882; succeeded to peerage, 1882; member of first London school board; privy councillor, 1874: vice-president of committee of council on education, 1874; president of board of trade, 1878-80; lord privy seal, 1885-6. He was largely responsible for Education Act, 1876.
^ Henry Ryder (1777–1836), successively bishop of Gloucester and of Lichfield and Coventry; son of Nathaniel Ryder, first baron Harrowby; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1798; D.D., 1813; rector of Lutterworth, 1801, and vicar of Claybrook, 180*: canon of Windsor, 1808;lecturer of St. George's 1: d.-an o( Well.. 1*12; bishop of QlMOarter, 1815: established Gloucester Diocesan Society, 1816: translated to nee of Uohfleld, 1814; organised Church Building Association In hU diocese; published religious writings..:,;
^ John Ryder (1697?–1778), archbishop of Tuam; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1719; D.D., 1741; vicar of Nuneaton, 1721; bishop of Killaloe, 1742: translated to see of Down and Connor, 1743; archbishop of Tuam, aud bishop of Ardagh, 1752.
^ John Ryder (1814–1886), actor; appeared with Macready at Drury Lane, London, M Duke Frederick As you like itX 1842; accompanied Macready to America, 1843 and 1848; played Claudia, to Maenad Hamlet at Princes'i Theatre, London, 1846, and parts at various theatres. Hubert (in King John) was one of his best characters.
^ Nathaniel Ryder, first Baron Harrowby (1735-1803). son of Sir Dudley Ryder; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1756: M.P., Tiverton, 1766-76; created Baron Harrowby, 1776.
^ Richard Ryder (1766–1832), home secretary; son of Nathaniel Ryder, first baron Harrowby; of Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 17*7; ban-inter, Lincoln's Inn, 1791, bencher, 1812, and treasurer, 1819: M.P., Tiverton. 1796-1830: second justice of great sessions for Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire, and Pembrokeshire, 1804; lord commissioner of treasury, privy councillor, and judge advocate-general, 1807; home secretary, 1809-12.
^ Thomas Ryder (1736–1790), actor; trained as printer; appeared at Smock Alley Theatre, Dublin, under Thomas Sheridan (1719-1788), as Captain I'luim (Farquhar's Recruiting Officer), 1757; toured in Ireland, c. 1765-70, and subsequently opened at Smock Alley Theatre, which he managed, 1772-82, with decreasing OMB; appeared, 1787, as Falstaff (Henry IV) at Covent Garden; excelled in low comedy; published two plays.
^ Thomas Ryder (1746–1810), engraver; pupil of James Basire (1730-1802); studied at Royal Academy; best known by works in stipple.
^ Ryder or RITHER. SIR WILLIAM (1544?-1611), lord mayor of London; apprenticed as haberdasher; introduced into England stockings knitted of woollen yarn: member of HaberdashersCompany; alderman and (1591) sheriff of London: lord mayor, 1600: knighted for loyalty to Queen Elizabeth during Essex's rebellion, 1601: collector-general of James I's customs inwards 1603: appointed collector for life of toll, tonnage, and poundage ia London, 1606; president of Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals, 1600-5.
^ Edward Caldwell Rye (1832–1885), entomologist; educated at King's College School, London; edited Zoological Record and was co-editor of Entomologist's Monthly Magazine librarian of Royal Geographical Society.
^ Egerton Ryerson (1803–1882), divine; born in Canada; worked on his father's farm; joined methodtet church, 1821: assistant-teacher in London district grammar school, Ontario; admitted methodist minister on Niagara circuit, e. 1824; edited Christian Guardian 1829; delegate to Wesleyan conference in England, 1833: one of originators of Victoria College, Coburg, Ontario (first president, 1841): superintendent of schools in Upper Canada, 1844-76; severed his connection with Wesleyan methodists, 1854: LL.D. Middletown University, 1842; D.D. Victoria College, 1866; wrote historical, autobiographical, and other works.
^ William Ryerson (1791–1882), soldier ami Irvingite minister; brother of Egerton Ryerson; born near Fredericton, New Brunswick; took part in war of 1812-14, as lieutenant in the 18th Norfolk regiment of Canadian militia; entered methodist ministry, 1819; delegate to conference in England, 1831: converted to tinviews of Edward Irving; returned to Canada and established the catholic apostolic church there, acting as its head till 1872.
^ Robert Rygge , or Rugge (c. 1410), divine; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1362-72, and Wycliffltas, bat was anally compelled to i
^ Herman Witsius Ryland (07eO-l8X*) nadtan statesman; son of John Colktt Rrtand; salstont deputy paymaster-general under Wgoyne *! Cornwallis in America, 1781-1; civil sectary to governors-in chief of British North America, 1793-181 J; exerted great influence on administration of affair* in Lower Canada.
^ John Ryland (1717?–1798), friend of Dr. Johnson : West India merchant on Tower Hill, London; member of the London King's Head, Ivy Lane (1749-63), and BSMX Head olnbs. Uter o Msrtoo Coaeffe, Oxford, and was buar. 1374-6: D.D. e. 1380: chancellor of the university, 1181-8 and I Ml; chancellor of Exeter Cathedral, and vtc*r*Mral far
^ John Ryland (1763–1816), baptist minister: son of John Collett Ryland; entered ministry, 1771; assisted his father at Northampton till 1786, when he received sole charge of congregation; minister of Broadmead chapel and president of baptist college, Bristol, 1793-1826; secretary, 1816-25, of Baptist Missionary Society, of which he was a founder; published religious writings, including hymns.
^ John Collett Ryland (1723-1792), divine; baptist pastor at Warwick, where he kept a school, 1760; minister and schoolmaster at Northampton, 1759-86: removed school to Enfield, 1780; published educational, religious, and other works.
^ Jonathan Edwards Ryland (1798–1866), man of letters; son of John K Ryland (1753-1826) q. v.; educated at Edinburgh University: mathematical and classical tutor at Mill Hill College, and, later, teacher at Bradford College; published translations and other writings.
^ William Wynne Ryland (1732–1788), engraver; apprenticed to Simon Francois Ravenet; studied in France and Italy: engraver to George III: member of Society of Art*, 1765; exhibited portraits at Royal Academy: opened print-shops in Cornhill, London, and, later, in Strand, London; hanged for forging and altering bills of exchange. He executed plates in the chalk or dotted manner.
^ John Rylands (1801–1888), merchant; established with his brothers and (1819) with his father, as weaver of cotton goods at St. Helens and afterwards at Wigan; became sole proprietor, 1847: converted business into limited company, 1873; spent large sums in printing religions works for free distribution in England, France, and Italy. The John Rylands Library (opened 1900) erected as a memorial at Manchester by his widow.
^ Peter Rylands (1820–1887), politician; engaged in manufacture of sailcloth at Warrington: member of Anti-Cornlaw League: M.P., Warrington, 1868-74, and Burnley, 1876-87; published writings on religious topics.
^ John Charles Ryle (1816–1900), bishop of Liverpool: of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1838; M.A., 1871; DJ)., 1880; took holy orders, 1841-2; rector of St. Thomas, Winchester, 1843, and of Helmingham, Suffolk, 1844; vicar of Stradbroke, 1861: honorary canon of Norwich, 1872: dean of Salisbury, 1880; first bishop of Liverpool, 1880-1900. He belonged to the Evangelical school; published religious writings.
^ Charles Reuben Ryley or Riley (1752?-1798), painter; exhibited at Royal Academy.
^ John Ryley (1747–1815), mathematician; employed as husbandman and cloth manufacturer in Yorkshire; studied mathematics and became master at Drigblington grammar school, 1774: opened a school at Pudsey, 1776; master at Beeston. 1776; head-master of Bluecoat school, Leeds, 1789-1816; published mathematical writings.
^ Sir Philip Ryley (*. 1733), surveyor of royal woods and forests; son of William Ryley the younger ; serjeant-at-arms, attending lord treasurer of England before 1703 and after 1706: agent of exchequer: commissioner of excise, 1698; surveyor of royal woods and forests; knighted, 1788.
^ Samuel William Ryley (1769–1837), actor aud author; son of Samuel Romney, a grocer in London; apprenticed to woollen manufacturer in Yorkshire; joined n -hariug terms theatrical company at Newcastle, 1783; met with misfortune and became trolliii actor: subsequently played Sir Peter Teazle at Drury Lime, London, 1809; assumed name Ryley, e. 1797: annual benefits held for him at Liverpool towards the end of lu's life; wrote plays, songs, and memoirs.
^ William Ryley , the elder (d. 1667), herald and archivist: studied at Middle Temple: clerk of records in Tower, r. 1690: Bluemautle pursuivant of arms, 1633; Lancaster herald, 1641; supported parliamentarians, but was more than once suspected of treachery; keeper of records, 1644: Norroy king-of-arms, 1646; Clarenceux kinir-of-arms, 1659: proclaimed Charles II, 1660, but was reduced to rank of Lancaster herald on Restoration: buried in east cloister, Westminster Abbey; associated with his son William Ryley the younger in publication of Placita Parliamentaria. Or pleadings in Parliament 1661.
^ William Ryley , the younger (d. 1675), archivist ; on of WJBiam Ryley the elder; barrister, Inner Temple, 186*; employed under his father in record office. !
^ James Ryker (.I. 1775–1822), surgeon; studied medicine and anatomy at Edinburgh; surgeon's mate in j navy, 1770; surgeon, 1775; served in Mediterranean, ! West Indies, and North America; left navy, c. 1782; F.R.O.S. London, 1815: published medical works.
^ Thomas Rymer (1641–1713), author and archa*legist: educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1673; publishedTragedies of the Last Age cousider'd 1678, and A Short View of Tragedy: containing an attack onOthello 1692; historiographer i to William III, 1692: appointed by government, 1693, to edit a collection of public conventions of Great Britain with other powers, the work appearing as Foedera 20 vols. j 1704-35, vols. xvi-xx. being edited by Robert Sanderson, i the latest document included dated 1654; new editions j brought out, 1737-45 (at the Hague) and 1816-30 (in-: complete, undertaken by Record Commission). He also published poems and a play in rhymed verse entitled; Edgar, or the English Monarch
^ John Michael Rysbrack (JOANNES MICHIBL); (1693?-1770), sculptor; born on continent; studied in Antwerp; came to England, 1720. Many of his works are in Westminster Abbey.
^ Augustine Ryther (fl. 1576–1690), engraver; associated with Christopher Saxton in engravinp maps of English counties, published, 1676-9, and with Jodocus Hondius, and others in charts for The Mariner's Mirrour 1588; translated from Ubaldini and engraved plates for Discourse concerning Spanilii Fleet 1688. J 69
^ John Ryther (1634?-1681), nonconformist divine; educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; vicar of Frodingham, whence he was ejected: vicar of Ferriby; ejected, 1662; published religious works.
^ John Ryther (d. 1704), nonconformist divine son of John Ryther (1634 ?-1681); chaplain on merchant ships trading to Indies; minister at Nottingham, 1689; left manuscript journals.
^ Bruno Ryves (1596–1677), divine: B.A. New College, Oxford, 1616; M.A. Magdalen College, 1619; D.D., 1639; entered Gray's Inn, 1634; vicar of Stauwell; deprived by parliament, 1642; chaplain to Charles I, c. 1640; appointed dean of Chichester, 1646; installed dean, 1660, and made master of Ohichester Hospital; chaplain in ordinary to Charles II; dean of Windsor, 1660; scribe of order of Garter, 1661: rector of Haseley, and Acton; publishedMercurius Rusticus royalist periodical (nineteen numbers from August 1642).
^ Elizabeth Ryves (1750–1797), author; 'wrote plays (never acted), one novel, and several volumes of poems.
^ George Frederick Ryves (1758–1826), rearadmiral; educated at Harrow; entered navy, 1774; lieutenant, 1779; commander, 1795; captain, 1798; on coast of Egypt, 1801; in Mediterranean under Nelson, 1803-4; in Baltic, 1810; rear-admiral, 1825.
^ See Serres (1797–1871).
^ Sir Thomas Ryves (1583?–1652), civilian; of Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1598; D.C.L., 1610; advocate of Doctors Commons, 1611; judge of faculties in prerogative court of Ireland, 1617; resigned office; returned to England; practised in admiralty court; king's advocate, 1623; master of requests extraordinary, 1626; judge of the admiralty of Dover, 1636, and subsequently of Cinque ports; fought for Charles I; knighted, 1644; published writings on law and naval history.
^ Saberet or Saba (d. 616?). See Sebert.
^ Francis Sabie (fl. 1587–1596), poetaster ; schoolmaster at Lichfield in 1587; published three volumes of verse, The Fisher-man's Tale (2 parts) and Pan's Pipe (1595) and Adam's Complaint (1596).
^ Sir Edward Sabine (1788-1883), general; second lieutenant, royal artillery, 1803; second captain, 1813; served in Niagara frontier campaign, 1814; returned: home, 1816; F.R.8., 1818; astronomer to Arctic expeditions in search of north-west passage under John Ross ( 1 777-1886), 1818, and William Edward Parry 1819-20; Copley medallist, Royal Society, 1821; made voyages to conduct experiments in magnetic inclination, 1821 and 1823; joint-commissioner with Sir John Herschel. to act with French commission in determining difference of longitude between Paris and Greenwich, 1826; first captain, 1827; one of secretaries of Royal Society, 1829; appointedoneof tbreescientificadvtBcrsof admiralty, 1828assisted in magnetic survey of British islands, 1834-6; brevet-major, 1837; member of committee to consider establishment ot magnetic stations throughout British i empire, 1836-9, and subsequently superintendent of the i system of observations and editor ofObservations i "??? f Briti8b A8 **rton. 1889-59 (except t); began contributing to Philosophical Trans- ! a survey of distribution of magnetism over the globe, 1840: foreign secretary to Royal Society, 1845, treasurer, 1850, and president, 1861-71; colonel, 1851; major-general, 1856; repeated magnetic survey of British isles, 1861; lieutenant-general, 1865; civil K.C.B., 1869; general, 1870; D.C.L. Oxford and LL.D. Cambridge, 1855; member of Linnean, Royal Astronomical, and other learned societies.
^ Joseph Sabine (1662?–1739), general ; appointed captain in Ingoldsby's foot, 1689; brevet-colonel in Herbert's regiment, 1703; served in Low Countries and in war of Spanish succession; M.P., Berwick-on-Tweed, 1727; general, 1730, and governor of Gibraltar, where he died.
^ Joseph Sabine (1770–1837), writer on horticulture; brother of Sir Edward Sabine; practised as barrister till 1808: inspector-general of assessed taxes, 1808-35; F.R.S., 1779; original F.L.S., 1798; honorary secretary of Horticultural Society, 1810-30, contributing extensively to its Transactions; subsequently treasurer and vice-president of Zoological Society.
^ 8ABRAN, LEWIS (1652-1732), Jesuit; born at Paris; educated at English Jesuit college, St. Omer; professed of four vows, 1688; royal chaplain at St. James's Palace, London, 1685; escaped to France at revolution; principal of episcopal seminary at Liege, 1699-1708; provincial of English province, 17U8; n-ctor of college at St. Omar, 1712; spiritual father at English College, Rome, 171*; puhlishul theological works.
^ Henry Sacheverell (1674?-1784), political preacher: of Magdalen College, Oxfonl; M.A., 1696; fellow, 17K1-13; pro-proctor. 17u3: 1).D., 17 1709; incorporated at Cambridge, 1714: and pamphlet* high church ami tory cause; advocated in chaplain of St. Saviour 1 *, Southwark, 1706; preached , favouring tion and occasional ,, sermons at Derby and at St. Paul's, London, 1 709, non-resistance, and conformity (both sermons printed. 1709, and declared by House of Commons to be seditious libel*); impeached (his counsel including Simon Haroourt (1661 V 1727) ); found guilty and suspended from preaching for three years, much popular feeling being excited in his favour: presented to living of Selattyn, 1710, and to living of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, 1718; died from effect of accident.
^ 8ACHEVEBELL, WILLIAM ( 1688-1691), politician: entered Uray's Inn, 1667; M.P., Derbyshire, 16.0 and 1679; opposed court policy; moved successfully thut popish recusants be deprived of military office, 1678; on committee to prepare Test Bill, 1678; urged necessity of return to policy of triple alliance, 1677; took prominent part in parliamentary investigation of Oates's pretended popish plot, and for some time presided over committee of secrecy; supported motion for removal of James, duke of York, from royal presence and counsels, and supported Exclusion Bill, 1679; served on committee which drew up articles of Danby's impeachment, 1678; member for Heytesbury in Convention parliament; lord of admiralty in William Ill's first administration till December 1689; M.I, Nottinghamshire, 1691.
^ Charles Sackville , sixth EARL or DORSET and first EARL OF MIDDLESEX (1638-1706), poet; son of Richard Sackville, fifth earl of Dorset, and Frances, daughter of Lionel Cranfleld, first earl of Middlesex; M.I. East Griuetead, 1660; led life of dissipation with Sir Charles Sedley and others; volunteered in fleet fitted out against Dutch, 1G5, and took part hi battle of 3 June; created Baron Cranfleld and Karl of Middlesex, 1675; withdrew from court during James Il's reign; lord chamberlain of household, 1689-97: received Garter, 1691; thrice acted as regent during William Ill's absence. His poems appeared with Sedley's in 1701, his best being the song To all you ladies now ou laud 1666. Drydeu dedicated several poem* to him.
^ Charles Sackville , second DUKK OK DORHKT (1711-1769), son of Lionel Craufield Sackville, first duke of Dorset; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1730; intimate friend of Frederick, prince of Wales; M.P., East Grinstead, 1734-41 aud 1761-5, Sussex, 1742-7, and Old Saruin, 1747-64; high steward of honour of Otford, 1741; lord of treasury, 1743-7; master of horse to Frederick, prince of Wales, 1747; councillor, 1766.
^ Sir Edward Sackville, fourth Earl of Dorset (1591–1652), son of Robert Sackville, second Earl of Dors-el; succeeded his brother Richard (1590-1624), 1024; educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and perhaps at Cambridge; M.P., Sussex, 1614 and 1621-2, being one of leaders of popular party; K.B., 1616; held subordinate command at battle of Prague, 1620; ambassador to Louis XIII, 1621; governor of Bermuda Islands Company, 1623; commissioner for planting Virginia, 1631 and I-, 3 1; K.G., 1625: privy councillor, 1626: lord chamberlain to Queen Henrietta Maria, 1628: lord commissioner of admiralty, 1628; assisted in draining partt) of Lincolnshire, 1631; commissioner of regency, 1640 and 1641; supported Charles I hi civil war; prudent at Edgehill, 1642; commissioner of Charles I's treasury, 1643; lord chamberlain of household, 1644-6; keeper of privy seal and president of council, 1644.
^ George Sackville , first Viscount Sackville (1716-1785).
^ John Frederick Sackville , third DUKK OF . 1746-17U9), grandson of Lionel (ran field Sackville, first duke of Dorset; educated minster; M.P., Kent, 1768; succeeded his uncle Charles Sackville, second duke of Dorset
^ Lionel Cranfield Sackville 1BLD, first Duke of Dorset ( 1688–1766), son of Charles Sackrille, of Dorset; educated at Westminster; soootsded to earldom, 1706; constable of Dover Ctttto and lord warden of Cinque port*. 1708-18. 1714-17, 17M; envoy extraordinary to notify George I of Queen Anne's death, 17U: groom of stole, first lord of bedchamber, , and K.G., 1714; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1780-7 and 175O ft; lord president of council, 174; muter of nom.l76*-7: coostfortad constable of Dover Cmstle and lord warden of Cinque 7; privy port* for life, 1767; D.O.L. Oxford. 17*; frequently acted as one of lords Justices of Great Britain. His portrait was painted by Kneller.
^ Sir Richard Sackville (4. 1MX flmt of Anne Boleyn; educated at Cambridge; bar Gray's Inn; Lent reader. 15J9; M.P., Arundel, treasurer of army; chancellor of court of augmentations, 1648; knighted, 1649; privy oouncdlor. 164; M.P, Portsmouth, 1664, Kent, 165, and Sussex, 16*8-6; received charge of Margaret, countess of Lennox, 1661. It was owing to his encouragement that Roger Ascham wrote his Scbolemaster
^ Richard Sackville , fifth Earl of Dorset (1622-1677), son of Sir Edward Sackville, fourth earl of Dorset; M.P., Bast Grinstead, 1640-3; Imprisoned by parliament, 1642; lord sewer at coronation ofOnarles it 1661; member of Inner Temple, 1661; F.R&, 1666; contributed to Jonsonus Virbius (1638).
^ Robert Sackville, second Earl of Dorset (1561-1609), son of Thomas Sackville, first earl of Dorset; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1579; entered Inner Temple, 1680; M.P. for Sussex, 1586, 1593, 1598, 1601, and 1604-8, and Lewes, 1588; engaged in trading ventures; endowed Sackville College for the poor, East Grinstead.
^ Thomas Sackville, first Earl of Dorsett and Baron Buckville (1636–1608), son of Sir Richard Sackville; perhaps educated at Hart Hall, Oxford, and St. John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Inner Temple; planned, began, and wroteInduction for * Myrrovre for Magistrates (1559-63), completed by William Baldwin I and George Ferrers; collaborated (he probably wrote only last two act) with Thomas Norton (1632-1584) in Tragedy of Gorboduc the first English tragedy in blank verse, acted in Inner Temple hall, 1661; grand master of order of freemasons, 1661-7; M.I, Westmoreland, 1568, East Grinstead, 1669, Aylesbury, 1563; knighted and raised to peerage, 1667; MJL Cambridge, 1571; privy councillor; commissioner at state trials; announced to Mary Queen of Scot* sentence of death, 1686; sent ( 1687) to survey position of affairs in Low Countries after Leicester's return (1686); commissioner for ecclesiastical causes, 1688; K.O., 1689: ambassador to Low Countries, 1589; one of commissioners who signed treaty with France, 1691; renewed treaty with united provinces, 1598; lord treasurer, 1699 till death: lord high steward, presiding at Essex's trial, 1601: created Earl of Dorset, 1604; commissioner for peace with Spain, 1604; chancellor of Oxford University, 1691; incorporated M.A. Oxford, 1692. His poetical world were collected, 1869.
^ Christopher Sacrobosco (1662–1816). See Holywood.
^ Johannes de Sacro Bosco (. 1180). See Holywood or Halifax, John.
^ John Saddington (1584?–1679), early Muggletonian; wrote religious works, printed posthumously.
^ John Saddler (1813–1892), line-engraver; pupil of George Cooke ( 1781-1834); exhibited at Society of British Artiste and Royal Academy between 1868 and 1883.
^ Sir Robert de Sadington (d. c. 1350) judge; appears as advocate between 1399 and 1S36; J.I, Leicestershire and Rutland, 1*32; chief baron of exchequer, 1884, and abo treasurer. 1*40; ffhanooHor. 184*. 1346; reappouited chief baron, 1346.
^ Franc Sadleir (1774-1881), scholar; M.A. and irllow, Trinity College. Dublin, 1805: B.D. and D.D., 113 Donndan lecturer, 1816, 1817, and 1823; Erasmus -riiith professor of mathematics, 1824-36; regius professor el Greek, 1833-8; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1837-51; published sermons.
^ John Sadleir (1814–1856), Irish politician and windier; educated at Clongowes College; solicitor in Dublin; a director of Tipperary joint-stock teak; chairman of London and County Joint-Stock Bank, 1848; MJP., Cwlow, 1847, and Sligo, 1853; junior lord of treasury, 1863; committed suicide on the failure of the Tipperary bank (then managed by his brother James), which bis fraudulent practices had helped to bring about. Mr Merdle In Dickens'sLittle Dorritis drawn from him.
^ Anthony Sadler ( ft. 1640), clergyman ; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1624; M.D., 1633; perhaps rector of West Thurrock, 1628.
^ Anthony Sadler ( ft. 1630–1680), divine : B.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1632: presented to living of Mitcham, c. 1660: accused of disorderly practices: appointed to Berwick St. James; threatened with suspension for debauchery, 1681; published works of a political character.
^ John Sadler (. 1595?), divine ; M.A. Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, 1540: original fellow of Trinity College, 1546: rector of Sudborough, 1568; published translation from Flavlus Vegetius Renatus. LI. 104
^ John Sadler (1615–1674), master of Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1638: studied at Lincoln's Inn; master in ordinary in court of chancery 1644; master of requests; town-clerk of London, 1649; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1660-60; M.P., Cambridge, 1653, and Great Yarmouth, 1658: first commissioner under great seal, 1659: lost all offices after Restoration; published historical and other works.
^ Michael Ferrebee Sadler (1819–1895), theologian; son of Michael Thomas Sadler; B.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1847; prebendary of Wells; rector of Honiton, 1864-95; published theological works.
^ Michael Thomas Sadler (1780–1835), social reformer; while still young assisted methodist movement; engaged in business as importer of Irish linens at Leeds, 1800; took, as tory, enthusiastic interest in politics: opposed catholic emancipation, 1813: published Ireland: its Kvils and their Remedies 1828; Issued, 1S30, Law of Population expounding theory that prolincuess of human beings... varies inversely as their number which was attacked by Macaulay inEdinburgh Review: tory M.P., Newark, 1829 and 1830, and Aldborongh, Yorkshire, 1831-2; moved unsuccessfully for establishment of poor-law for Ireland, and moved resolution for bettering condition of agricultural poor In England, 1831: chosen parliamentary leader of the cause of radical working men; introduced bill for regulating labour of young people In mills and factories, 1831, and subsequently acted as chairman of committee to which it wa referred; F.R.S., 1832; published pamphlets and speeches.
^ Sadleir Sadler , or 6ADLEYER, Sm RALPH 11507-1587), diplomatist: in service of Thomas Cromwell, after wards earl of Essex: gentleman of Henry VIU's privy chamber, c. 1536; sent to Scotland to advise King James to adopt an ecclesiastical policy antagonistic to Rome: one of Henry VIII's principal secretaries of state, r. 1537; knighted, 1542; sent to reside in Edinburgh on leath of James V with view of preventing revival of influence of Cardinal Beaton; treasurer of navy in Earl of Hertford's raid on Scotland; one of council of twelve to jurist executors in government of kingdom and guardianship of Edward VI, 1547; accompanied Hertford to Scotland as high treasurer of army; knight-banneret after battle of Pinkie, 1647; became agent of Cecil, 1558: had principal share in arranging treaty of peace and alliance between England and Scotland, 1560: chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1568; one of commissioners to treat with Scottish commissioners concerning Mary Queen of Scots, lt*8: psjjrimisji fsumaj In Sussex's expedition to quell rebellion on behalf of Dnke of Norfolk and Mary Queen of Scots; guardian of Mary Queen of Scots, 1580-1: envoy to Jauiw VI, 1587.
^ Thomas Sadler , in religion VINCENT FAULTS (1604-1681), Benedictine; entered order of St. Benedict and made profession at Dleulouard, 1622; cathedral prior of Chester and defiuitor of the province, 1661; published religious works.
^ Thomas Sadler (fl. 1670–1700), painter; son of John Sadler (1615-1674); pupil of Lely; drew portrait of John Bunyan, 1685.
^ Thomas Sadler (1822–1891), divine; educated at University College, London, and at Bonn; Ph.D. Erlangen, 1844; Unitarian minister at Rosslyn Hill Chapel, Hampstead, 1846-91; published religious works; edited Crabb Robinson's Diaries 1869.
^ Windham William Sadler (1796 - 1824), aeronaut; educated as engineer; gave up service of first Liverpool Gas Company to become professional aeronaut; crossed St. George's Channel from Dublin to Holyhead, 1817; died of injuries from balloon accident.
^ Mark Sadlington (d. 1647); divine; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1581; fellow of Peterhouse College, Cambridge; M.A., 1584; lecturer, 1588; master of St. Olave's grammar school, Southwark, 1591-4; vicar of Sunbury, 1603-47; some historical writings have been attributed to him.
^ Saebbi (d. 695?).
^ Sjelrjed (d. 746).
^ Sjewtjlf (fl. 1102), traveller and pilgrim to Syria; left manuscript account of journey from Monopoll to Palestine and back to Dardanelles.
^ Mrs Saffery . MARIA GRACE (1772 - 1858), poet; nte Andrews; married, 1799, John Saffery, baptist minister at Salisbury, where she conducted a girls* school; published sacred and other poems.
^ Thomas Saffold (d. 1691), empiric ; licensed by bishop of London to practise as a physician, 1674; practised in London; died under his own treatment.
^ Safred (d. 1204).
^ John Sage (1652 - 1711), Scottish nonjuring divine; M.A. St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews, 1669: minister of east quarter in Glasgow, 1685 j clerk of presbytery and synod; driven from Glasgow to Edinburgh by Cameronian outbreak; banished from Edinburgh for officiating as nonjuror, 1693: privately consecrated at Edinburgh as bishop without diocese or jurisdiction, 1705; published works relating to religious questions.
^ William De Saham (d. 1304?), judge of king's bench under Edward I till 1289; constantly employed in judicial itinera.
^ Sainbel or SAINT BEL, CHARLES VIAL DK (1753-1793), veterinary surgeon; born at Lyons; studied under Claude Bourgelat; assistant-surgeon and public demonstrator at veterinary college at Lyons, 1773: distinguished himself during epizootic among horses in France, 1774; assistant-professor, Royal Veterinary College, Paris; veterinary surgeon and physician at Lyons; equerry to Louis XVI and chief of manege at academy at Lyons; came to England, 1788; Veterinary College of London instituted with Sainbel as professor, 1791; wrote works on veterinary surgery (some published posthumously).
^ William Noel Sainsbury (1825 - 1895), historical writer: assistant-keeper of records, 1887-91; published historical works and calendars of state papers.
^ ST. ALBANS, DUKE OP (1670-1726). SeeBEAUCLKRK, CHARLKS.
^ ST. ALBANS, DUCHESS OF (1777 ?-1837). See MELLON, HAKRIOT.
^ ST. ALBAMS, EARL OF (d. 1684). See JERMYN, HENRY.
^ ST. ALBANS, VISCOUNT (1561-1626). See BACON, FRANCIS.
^ ST. ALBANS, ALKXANDKIl OF (1157-1217), See NECKAM, ALEXANDER.
^ ST. ALBANS, ROGER OF (Jt. 1460).
^ ST. ALBANS, WILLIAM OF (jt. 1178) hagiologist.
^ ST. AMAND, ALMARIO DK (It. 1240), crusader; godfather to future Edward I, 12*9; went on crusade 1240.
^ p. Ut ST. AMAND. ALMARIC DB, third BAROX DK ST. AMAND (13147-1382), descendant of Almaric de St. Amand (Jt. 1240) q. T.I: served in Scotland, 1U8 and 1366, ami In France, 1342, 1346 and 1346, 1368 and 1368; justiciar of Ireland, 1367-9.
^ ST. AMAHD, James (1687-1764), antiquary: educated probably at Westminster and at Lincoln College, Oxford: left to Bodleian Library collection of books, coins, print*, and manuscript*. Including notes used by Warton in his Theocritus, 1770.
^ ST. AWDRE", NATHANAEL (1680-1776), anatomist; born in Switzerland; came early to England; local surgeon to Westminster Hospital; anatomist to George I's tlOHSjsiiold, 1723; lost court favour owing to belief in fraud practised by Mary Toft or Tofts and marriage (1730) with Lady Elizabeth Capel, wife of Samuel Molyneux, Immediately on her husband's death, which he was erroneously suspected of having hastened. His portrait appears In Hogarth's engraving, CuniculariL 1786.
^ ST. AVBYV, CATHERINE (d. 1836), amateur artist; sister of Sir John St. Aubyn (1768-1839); her etchings were privately printed.
^ ST. AUBYN, SIR JOHN, third baronet (1696-1744), politician; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford. 1721; M.P., Cornwall, 1722-44: joined opposition to Walpole; friend of Dr. William Borlase and Pope.
^ ST. AUBYN, SIR JOHN, fifth baronet (1768-1839), educated at Westminster; sheriff of Cornwall, 1781: M.P., Truro, 1784, Penryn, 1784-90, and Helston, 1807-12: K.L.S.: K.S.A., 1783: F.R.S., 1797: collected fossils and minerals; hi* portrait painted by Reynolds.
^ Saint -CARILEF or SAINT-CALAIS, WILLIAM OF (d. 1096). ST. GLAIR,
^ Sainte -MERE-EOLISE (d. 1224).
^ Saint -EVREMOND, CHARLES DB MARGUBTEL DB SAINT DENIS DE (16137-1703), soldier and poet; born perhaps at Salnt-Denis-le-Gnast, Normandy; studied at Jesuit College de Clermont, Paris, Caen University and College d'Harcourt, Paris; ensign in French army; captain, 1637; adopted views of Gassendi; lieutenant in Due D'Enghien's guards, 1642; fought at Rocroi (1643), Friedburg (1644), and Nordllngen (1648); served in Flanders, 1646, and In Catalonia, 1647; cashiered, 1648; marechal de camp in French king's armies during civil war, 1652; served In Spanish war in Flanders, 1664-9; accompanied embassy to England to congratulate Charles II on accession, 1661; had accompanied Maznrin, 1669, to conclude peace of Pyrenees, and wrote an attack on Maznrin and his policy, which being discovered on Mazarin's death (1661), compelled him to leave France; came to England, where be was Intimate with Grammont and other courtiers; in Low Countries, 1664-70; again In England, 1670-1703; attached himself to service of Duchess of Maznrin, 1676; buried In Westminster Abbey. He wrote occasional poems, some plays, and various essays, dialogues, dissertations, and reflections: a pirated selection in English appeared 1700, and an authentic edition, 1706.
^ ST. FAITH'S, BENEDICT OF. 1400), Carmelite of St. Faith's, near Norwich.
^ ST. FAITH'S, JOHN OF (d. 1369), theological writer: educated at Carmelite house of St. Faith's, near Norwich; studied at Oxford; governor of Carmelites of Burham Norton; wrote theological works, a work on Aristotle's De Coeloet Mundo a concordance to Thomas Aquinas and a Tabula Juris
^ ST. FAITH'S, PETER OF (d. 1462), prior of Carmelite house of St. Faith's, near Norwich; master in theology, Cambridge; doctor of Sorbonne, Paris; wrote theological works. L l. 12ft
^ ST. FAITH'S, ROBERT OF (A 1386), thmltjlM t Carmelite of St. Faith, near Norwich; papalaun u. U. Spain and England: died in Spain.::.
^ ST. FAITH'S WILLIAM OF (*. Carmelite of St. Faith's, near Norwich; D.D.
^ BainUkorfl? q. v.1: Richmond herald. 1616; knighted by Gostavn. A,!,,!!,!..,..,;.;; N, r,,,. fc!I1,,, f:irm..,,.,.,. M,,, M ford, 1643; Garter king-of-arms, 1644; left heraldic manuscripts.;;;.
^ Saint -GEORGE, Sir Henry. the 1716), Garter king-of-arms; son of 8tr H* the elder; Garter kujg-ofH ( l arms, 1708.
^ ST. OEOEOE, SIR JOHN (1812-1891), general; fin.* lieutenant, royal artillery. 1829; lieutenant-colonel. 18*4: Instructor In practical artillery, Woolwich. 1844-*: commanded siege-train in Crimea, 186*; O.B.. IBM; commanded artillery in Malta: colonel, 1867: director of ordnance, 1863-8; major-general, 1866; British at St. Petersburg conference, 1868; general, 1877: 1889; colonel-commandant, RJL, 1872.
^ George Saint , SIR RICHARD (d. 1636) Norroy king-of-arms, 1603: knighted, 1616; kiug-of-arms, 1623; commissioned with Sir John Borough. Norroy king-of-arms, to institute visitations in any part of England, several of which were printed; left genealogical manuscripts.
^ Saint -GEORGE, SIR THOMAS (1616–1703), Garter king-of-arms; ton of Sir Henry Saint-George the eldnr; Garter king-of-arms, 1686.
^ Saint -GERMAN, CHRISTOPHER (1460?-1610). legal writer and controversialist: educated at Oxford, perhaps at Exeter College: barrister, Inner Temple: put.lishal religious controversial treatises and Doctor and Student, a legal handbook, in Latin, 1623. Translations in English appeared, 1630 and 1631.
^ St Germans, third Earl of (1798-1877). See Edward Granville Eliot.
^ John of St Giles (fl.–1230).
^ Baron St Helens (1763-1839) See Alleyne Fitz Herbert.
^ Bayle St John (1822-1869), author; son of James Augustus St. John; studied with view to artistic profession; assisted his father in History of Customs of Greece; travelled in Egypt, 1846 and 1861; lived in Paris, 1848-61; contributed toChambers's Journal and Household Words; correspondent at Paris of Daily Telegraph His publications include works of travel and fiction and various treatises.
^ Charles George William St John (1809-1866), sportsman and naturalist; clerk in treasury, 1828, but soon retired on private means and devoted himself to sport, chiefly in Scotland; published Short Sketches of Wild Sports and Natural History of Highlands 1846, and other works.
^ Henry Saint-John, first Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1761), statesman; son of Sir Henry St. John and Lady Mary, second daughter of Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick; educated at Eton and. perhaps Christ Church, Oxford; M.P. for family borough of Wootton-Bassett, 1701; supported Harley and tory party: appointed to prepare and bring in bill for security of protestant succession, 1701; received doctor's degree, Oxford, 1702; secretary at war, 1704-8; secretary of state, 1710; member for Berkshire, 1710; responsible for expedition to Canada, 1710; created Viscount Bolingbroke and Baron St. John of Lydiard Tregoze, 1712; wool to Paris to make final arrangements for peace, 1712; again took charge of peace negotiations, treaty of Utrecht being signed, 1713; privately negotiated with Pretender; dismissed from office on accession of George I; founded Brothers Club to direct patronage of literature and rival Whig Kit-Cat Club 1711; a motion for his impeachment carried, bill of attainder passed, and his name erased from roll of peers, 1714; fled to France; secretary of the Pretender, who gave him patent for an state to James earldom; drew up the Old security for church of England, to bring eventually removed from the document iiv the OH Pretender's priests, 1715: dismissed from the Pretender's service, 1716; omipii-d h.m-rlf with philotonbioal studies in France; pardoned, 1723; returned to London and joined Walpole's party; enabled, by act passed 1728, to inherit and acquire real estate, though still excluded from House of Lords: became estranged from Valpole owing to his opposition to this act; settled at Dawley, near Uxbridge, and became object of Pope's rererernxj; attacked the Walpoles and the government s foreign policy in papers Contributed to Craftsman and in other writings from 1726; wrote, c. 1730, philosophical fragments partly versified by Pope in Essay on Man; contributed to Craftsman' Dissertation on Parties, 1733; gave up the contest with Walpole, 1735, and retired to Chanteloup in Touraine, wrote essays upon history in form of letters to friends, and upon political subjects (including Patriot King 1738), but after 1739 ceased to influence politics. He left his works, published and unpublished, to David Mallet. A Collection of Political Tracts by him appeared, 1748, and Mallet published the collected works, 5 vols. 1754. His greatest powers lay in the art of oratory; his policy was a kind of democratic toryism, anticipating Disraeli's attacks upon the 'Venetian aristocracy'.
^ Horace Stebbing Roscoe St John (1832-1888), journalist; son of James Augustus St. John; for many years political leader-writer on Daily Telegraph; became bankrupt, 1862; published historical and other works.
^ James Augustus St John (1801-1875), author and traveller; assistant-editor under James Silk Buckingham of Oriental Herald 1824; with David Lester Richardson started Weekly Review 1827; resided on continent and subsequently travelled, mostly on foot, in Bgypt and Nubia; political leader-writer to Daily Telegraph. His works include accounts of his travels and a Life of Sir Walter Raleigh 1868.
^ John de Saint-John (d. 1302), governor of Porchester Castle; extensive landowner; took part in Edward I's invasions of Wales, 1277 aud 1282; attended Edward I in Aquitaine, 1286-9: on mission to Nicholas IV respecting crusade, 1291; Edward I's lieutenant in Gascony, 1293; returned (1294) on Philip the Fair gaining possession of Gascon strongholds; seneschal and chief councilor to Edward's son John of Brittany when lieutenant in Aquitaine, 1294; made (1295) extensive conquests in Garonne valley which, excepting Bayonne, were soon won back by Philip's brother, Charles of Valois; defeated and captured by French near Bellegarde, 1297: released after treaty of L'Aumdne, 1299; warden of Galloway, Dumfries, aud adjacent marches, 1301.
^ John St John (1746-1793), author; nephew of first Viscount Bolingbroke; educated at Trinity College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1770; M.P., Newport, Isle of Wight, 1773-4 and 1780-4, and Eye, 1774-80; surveyor-general of land revenues of crown, 1775-84; published Mary Queen of Scote, a tragedy produced at Drury Lane, London, by Mrs. Siddons and Kemble, 1789, and other works.
^ Oliver St John, first Viscount Grandison and Baron Tregoz (1559-1630), lord-deputy of Ireland; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1578; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1580; killed George Beet in duel and fled to continent, 1584; promoted captain; commanded Essex's horse at siege of Rouen, 1591; returned to England, 1592; M.P. Cirencester, 1593; fought at battle of Nieuport, 1600. accompanied Mount joy to Ireland, 1601 { knighted, 1001 M.P., Portsmouth, 1604-7; master of ordnance in Ireland, 1606-14; Irish privy councillor, 1606; cominisioner for plantation of Ulster, 1608; M.P., Roscommon Irish parliament), 1613; lord-deputy of Ireland, 1616-22; English privy councillor, 1622; created Viscount Grandison of Limerick in Irish peerage, 1623; lord high treasurer of Ireland, 1626; made Baron Tregoz of Highworth in English peerage, 1626; on council of war, 1624.
^ Oliver St John (1603-1642), son of Oliver St. John, fourth baron St. John of Bletsho and first earl of Uolingbroke; MP, Bedfordshire, 1624, 1625, 1626, and 1629; K.B., 1626; known by courtesy title of Lord St John; raised regiment for parliament on outbreak of wjr; held Hereford, 1643; died from wounds received at ML.
^ Oliver St John, fourth Baron St John K P.I.KTSIIO mid first Earl of Bolingbroke (1580?-1646). M.P., Bedfordshire, 1601 and 1604; K.B., 1610; succeeded his father, 1618; created Earl of Bolingbroke, 1624; joined parliamentarians, 1642; named by parliament lordlieutenant of Bedfordshire, took covenant, and was lay member of Westminster Assembly, 1643; one of commissioners for custody of great seal, 1643.
^ Oliver St John (1598?-1673), chief-justice; educated at Queens College, Cambridge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1626; connected with company for plantation of Providence island; counsel for Lord Saye and John Hampden in their resistance to payment of ship-money, 1637; M.P., Totnes, in Short and Long parliaments, 1640; opened attack on ship-money, 1640; solicitor-general, 1641-3; promoted bill for Stratford's attainder; drew up Root and Branch and Militia Bills; enabled by ordinance to perform duties of the attorney-general, who had joined Charles I, 1644; took solemn league and covenant; one of commissioners to treat for peace at Uxbridge, 1645; sided with army against parliament, 1647; chief-justice of common pleas, 1648; refused to act as commissioner for trial of Charles I; with Walter Strickland selected by parliament to negotiate alliance (the negotiations failed) between United Provinces and England, 1651; chancellor of Cambridge University 1651; commissioner of treasury, 1654; devoted himself exclusively to judicial duties; member of council of state, 1659 and 1660; published hisCase* to counteract rumours as to his share in Charles I's execution and his relations with the Cromwells, and escaped punishment other than perpetual incapacitation from office, 1660; left England, 1662. He was related to Cromwell by marriage.
^ Oliver Beauchamp Coventry St John (1837-1891), lieutenant-colonel; educated at East India Company's College, Addiscombe; first lieutenant, Bengal engineers, 1858; went to India, 1859; took charge of fifth telegraph division (in Persia) in Lieutenant-colonel Stewart's expedition to establish telegraphic communication from India to Bosphorus, 1863-7; director of field telegraph and army signalling department of Abyssinian field force, 1867; captain, 1869; principal of Mayo Col lege, Ajmir, 1875; major, 1876; chief political officer attached to Kandahar field force, 1878; C.S.I., 1879; political agent for Southern Afghanistan, 1880; fought at the Halmand and Maiwand, and was at Kandahar during investment; officiating agent to governor-general for Baluchistan, 1881; K.O.S.I., 1882; lieutenant-colonel, 1886; resident and chief commissioner at Maisur and Kurg, 1889; published works on natural history and other subjects; died at Quetta.
^ Percy Bolingbroke St John (1821-1889), journalist; son of James Augustus St. John, whom he accompanied on his travels; edited Mirror of Literature 1846, and London Herald 1861; works include translations of Gustave Aimard's Indian tales.
^ Sir Christopher St Lawrence, twentieth or more properly eighth Baron Howth (d. 1589), called Blind Earl; sat in first Irish parliament of Queen Elizabeth's reign; rendered assistance against Shane O'Neill; knighted at Drogheda, 1569; joined agitation of Pale against cess and was imprisoned, 1578, but released with reprimand; opposed Sir John Perrot q. v. in attempt to induce parliament to consent to composition for cess, 1586; perhaps contributed to Book of Howth
^ Sir Christopher St Lawrence, twenty-second or tenth Baron Howth (1568?-1619), son of Sir Nicholas St. Lawrence, twenty-first baron Hpwth; served under Essex in Leinster. 1599, and under Lorddeputy Mountjoy, 1600-5, against O'Neill, O'Donnell, and Tyrone; in service of Archduke, 1606-7; imprisoned on charge of complicity in conspiracy against Irish government, but released, 1608; charged (1609) with manslaughter of a servant of Sir Roger Jones, who had offended him, and forbidden to leave Ireland; pardoned, 1611; sat in parliament, 1612.
^ Nicholas St Lawrence, sixteenth or fourth Baron Howth (d. 1526), son of Robert St. Lawrence, fifteen baron Howth; Lancastrian; attended Dublin parliaments, 1490 and 1493; served with Lord Kildarc in repelling invasion of Pale, 1504; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1509-13. ST. LAWRENCE ,,
^ Sir Nicholas St Lawrence, twenty-first or ninth Baron Howth (l550?-1607), son of Sir Christopher St Lawrence, twentieth baron Howth (. 189); knighted, 1588; served with Sir Mliam Russell, first Knsll (1558?-1613) against Fiagh 1595.
^ Robert St Lawrence, fifteenth Baron Howth (d. 1483), grandson of Christopher St. Lawrence, thirteenth lord Howth, created peer by writ, c. 1429; succeeded his father, c. 1463: chancellor of green wax of exchequer, 1467; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1483.
^ Sir Anthony St Leger (1496?-1559), lord-deputy of Ireland; studied at Cambridge and Gray's Inn; agent of Thomas Cromwell in suppressing abbeys; member of jury of Kent which found against Anne Boleyn, 1536: gentleman of Henry VIII's privy chamber, 1538; knighted. 1539; escorted Anne of Cleves to England, 1539; lord-deputy of Ireland, 1540; subdued the Kavanaghs, O'Mores, O'Conors, O'Tooles, Desmond, MacGillapatrick of Ossory, Mac William of Connaught, O'Donnell, and finally O'Neill; passed act giving Henry VIII and heirs title of King of Ireland, 1541; K.G.; confirmed as deputy by Edward VI, 1547; returned to England, 1548, but was reconstituted lord-deputy, 1550; recalled for alleged papistical practices, 1551; acquitted by privy council, 1552, and reappointed, 1553; recalled on being charged by Sir William Fitzwilliam (1526-1599) with falsifying accounts, 1556; died while proceedings were in progress.
^ Francis Barry Boyle St Leger (1799-1829), novelist; educated at Rugby: in Indian civil service, 1816-21; edited Album from 1822; published poems and novels.
^ Warham St Leger (1525?-1597), soldier; son of Sir Anthony St. Leger: probably served in Somerset's invasion of Scotland, 1647; prisoner in Scotland till 1550: Irish privy councillor; knighted, 1565; appointed president of Munster, 1566, Queen Elizabeth refusing to confirm appointment; in England, 1569-79: provost-marshal of Munster, 1579-89; assistant to court of high commission in Ireland, 1583.
^ Sir Warham St Leger (d. 1600), soldier: nephew of Sir Warham St. Leger (15267-1597): served in Ireland from c. 1574: Irish privy councillor, c. 1589; knighted and made governor of Letx, 1697; killed in combat with Hugh Maguire.
^ William St Leger (d. 1642), president of Munster; son of Sir Warham St. Leger (d. 1600) q. v.; served in army in Holland, c. 1608-16: knighted, 1618; commanded company of foot in Ireland, 1624: lord president of Minister, 1627-42: privy councillor, 1627; freeman of Cork, 1628; M.P., co. Cork, 1634 and 1689; took part in organising army raised by Wentworth for invasion of Groat Britain, 1640-1; engaged till death in campaigns against rebels in great Irish rebellion.
^ William Saint Leger or Salinger (1600-1665), Jesuit; born at Kilkenny: entered Society of Jesus at Tournai, 1621; professed of four vows, 1635: rector of Kilkenny College, 1650; published life of Archbishop Walsh, 1665.
^ Baron St Leonards (1781-1876). See Edward Burtenshaw Sugden.
^ Gilbert of St Lifard (d. 1306). See Gilbert.
^ Simon de St Liz, Earl of Northampton (d. 1109).
^ ST. LO, EDWARD (16827-1729). rear-admiral; entered navy, 1696; captain, 1703; served iu West Indies, North Sea, Channel, and Baltic; at blockade of Porto Bello, 1727-8; rear-admiral, 1729.
^ ST. LO, GEORGE (d. 1718), naval commander: lieutenant, 1678: captain, 1682; wounded and captured by French at Brest, 1690; commissioner of prises, 1692; extra commissioner of navy, 1693; resident commissioner at Plymouth, 1696, and Chatham, 1703; commander-inchief in Medway and at Nore, 1712-14.
^ ST. MOLYNS, LORD OF (d. 1554). See KAVANAGH, CAHIR MAC ART.
^ BAnrroN, PROSIM.K I-MII.IIM-K (1811-1890), violinist; born at Toulouse; professor of violin at Toulouse conservatoire, 1840-6, and. Academy of Music, London, 1846-90.
^ 8AINTON DOLBY, OHAHLOT 1886), contralto singer; wife of Prosper Philips rine Salnton: married, 1860: rtodVd u Academy of Music: flnt sang at Letpaiff, 1M: Mendebaohn, who wrote subsequently contralto mode in 'Elijah* to suit her voice: London, 1872:;
^ 8T. PAUL, JOHN Dublin; clerk in chancery before 1S18; :,:...: m H: ifc -18; joint INBJ -..:. UM; pnbentfuq oj 01, tM*er, III d plays. of rolls, 1S37; imprisoned for malventlon, 1140; arcbdeacon of Cornwall and prebendary of York, 1346; archof Dublin, U49-K2: rhan.-Hior of Ireland, 1360-4 privy councillor, 1368.
^ ST. QUINTIN, SIR WILLIAM, second baronet (16607-1723), politician; M.P. for Klngstoo-upon-Hnll, 1605-1723; joint vice treasurer, receiver-general, and paymaster of Ireland, 1720-3.
^ ST. VICTOR, RICHARD OF (f. 1171?). See RICHARD.
^ ST. VINCENT, EARL OF (1736-1829). See JERVIS, JOHN.
^ 8AKT.R, EDWARD (1831-1883), actor; educated as architect; joined Edinburgh theatrical company, 1867; managed Edinburgh Royal Theatre, 1862-6, and Alexandra, Liverpool, 1867-83; produced many Shakespearean
^ Horatio (Jt. 1860), actor; brother of Edward Saker; played low comely parts at Edinburgh, 1860-2, and subsequently at Princess's, London.
^ George Augustus Henry Sala (18*8-1896), journalist; educated In Paris: studied drawing in Loo* don; worked successively as clerk, scene-painter at Princess's and Lyceum theatres, London, and as book illustrator; editor ofChat 1848; wrote regularly for Household Words 1861-6; sent by Dickens to Russia at close of Crimean war to write descriptive articles for Household Words 1866; contributed to All the Year Hound from 1858; formed friendship with Edmund Yates; contributed (1869) Twice Round the Clock to Vizetelly's Welcome Guest which for a short time he edited; contributedEchoes of the Week* to Illustrated London News 1860-86, and contributed to Sunday Times and several provincial papers, 1886-94; founded (1860) and editedTemple Bar 1860-6; joined staff ofDaily Telegraph 1867, and subsequently excited ridicule by bisturgidstyle: special correspondent of 'Telegraphin American civil war, 1863, and afterwards in various countries. Published novels and other works; much of his journalistic writing reappeared in book form.
^ Charles Michel Dr Salaberry (1778–1829), Canadian soldier: lieutenant: served eleven years in West Indies under Robert Prescott; major and aide-de-camp to Major-general Rottenberg in Canada, 1811; lieutenant-colonel, 1812; defeated Americans at Chateauguay, 1812; C.B.: member of legislative chamber, 1818.
^ John Salcot (d. 1567). See John Capon
^ Lady Florentia Bale (1790?–1863) * Wynch; married Sir Robert Henry Sate, 1809; was in Kabul, 1842; shared the horrors of the British retreat, and was taken captive, but with her party was rescued by Sir Richmond Shakespeare; died at Cape Town. Her Journal was published in 1843.
^ George Sale (1697?–1736) orientalist; entered Inner Temple, 1720: practised as solicitor; one of correctors of Arabic New Testament issued by S.P.C.K., 1726; published (1734) translation of the Koran, which remains the best version in any language; contributed oriental biographies to General Dictionary 1734, and assisted in Universal History; one of the founders of Society for Encouragement of Learning. Hi* oriental manuscripts are in the Bodleian Library.
^ George Charles Sale (1796–1869), organist : eon of John Bate
^ Kel Sal .D _ JOHN (1758-1827), vocalist and composer; chorister of Windsor and Eton, 1767-75, and lay vicar, 1777-98 r gentleman of Chupt-1 lloy.il, London, 17SH; vicar-cboral of St. Paul's, London, 1795, and almoner and master of choristers, 1800-12; lay vicar of Westminster Abbey, 1796-1800; published glees.
^ John Bernard Bale (1779–1856), organist ; son of John Sale: lay vicar of Westminster, 1800 and 18M; organist of St. Margaret's, Westminster, 1809, and at Chapel Royal, London, 1838; teacher of singing to Princess (afterwards Queen) Victoria, 1826.
^ Sir Robert Henry Sale (1782–1845), colonel ; ensign, 1795; lieutenant, 1797; served against Tipu Sultan, 1798-9, Dhondia Wagh, 1799-1800, and Paichi Raja, 1800-1; captain, 1806; served against the dewan of Travancore, 1809: in expedition against Mauritins, 1810; major, 1813: commanded regiment in Burmese war, 1824; fought at Kamandin and Kamarut; commanded column in advance from Rangoon, 1824; reduced province of Baasein, 1826; lieutenant-colonel, 182*: distinguished himself in operations at Prome, 18251826; O.B., 1826; brevet-colonel, 1838; commanded advanced brigade in first Afghan campaign, 1838-40; entered Kandahar, April 1839; arrived at Kabul, July 1839, and commanded storming column; K.O.B., 1839; second in command under Sir Willoughby Cotton in Afghanistan, 1839: gained victories atOharikar, Jalgah, Babu-Kush-Ghar, and in Kohistan valley, 1840; on rising of hillmen, 1841, advanced to clear passes to Jalalabad; occupied Khurd Kabul and Tezin, and after engagements at Pari-dara and Kotal-i-Jagdalak reached Gandamak, 30 Oct. 1841, and (though ordered, 10 Nov., to return to Kabul). Jalalabad, 12 Nov.; defended Jalalabad until 7 April IMS, when he defeated Akbar Khan, who fled towards Kabul; Q.C.B.; defeated enemy at Jagdalak pass, 8 Sept., and encamped at Kabul, 15 Sept.; returned to India, October; thanked by parliament and promoted colonel, 1843: quartermaster-general in East Indies, 1844; served in Sikh war: died from effects of wounds received at battle of Mudki.
^ 1. 181 J 8ALE-BABXER, LUC Y ELIZABETH DRDMMOND DA VIES (1841-1 892), author; married John Sale-Barker, her second husband, 1865; published books for the young. 8ALE8BTJRY.
^ Salesby 1 ROBERT OF (fl. 1132–1148).
^ Robert 8ALOADO, JAMES (ft. 1680), Spanish refugee; converted from Romanism to protestantism; came to England, c. 1677; studied at Oxford; published religious works.
^ Earls of Salisbury . See LONOKSI-KK, WILUAM PK, first EARL of the Longespee family, d. 1226; LONGKSPKB, WILLIAM UK, second EARL, 12127-1250; MONTACUTK, WILLIAM DB, first EARL of the Montacute family, 1301-1344; MONTACUTE, WILLIAM HE, second EARL, 1328-1397; MONTACUTK, JOHN DE, third EARL, 13607-1400; MONTACUTE, THOMAS DE, fourth EARL, 13H8-1428; NEVILLE, RICHARD, first EARL of the Neville family, 1400-1460; NEVILLE, RICHARD, second EARL, 1428-1471: OKCIL, ROBERT, first EARL of the Cecil family, 1563 7-1612; CECIL, JAMES, third EARL, d. 1683; CECIL, JAMES, fourth EARL, d. 1693.
^ Countebh of Salisbury (1473–1541). See POLE, Margaret
^ Enoch Robert Gibbon Salisbury (1819–1890), barrister; called to bar, Inner Temple, 1852: went North Wales circuit: M.P. for Chester, 1867; collected and published works on books relating to Wales.
^ Salisbury or SALESBURY, HENRY (1561–16377), Welsh grammarian: M.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1588: physician at Denbigh; published Welsh grammar, 1593, and left unfinished manuscript of WelshLatin dictionary.
^ John Dk Salisbury (d. 1180).
^ John Salisbury (1500?-1573), bishop of Sodor and Man; M.A. Cambridge, 1523: B.D., 1534; Benedictine of Bury 8t. Edmunds: graduated in laws, Oxford, 1MO; prior of St. Faith's, Horsham; abbot of St. Mary's, Titchfleld; suffragan bishop of Tbetford, 1536: arcbof Anglesey, 1537; lost prefermente, 1564, bat was subsequently restored: chancellor of Lincoln, 1554; bishop of Sodor and Man, 1571-3.
^ John Salisbury (1575–1625), Welsh Jesuit : joined Jesuits, 1605; prof essed father, 1618; missioncr in North Wales; founded and became superior of college of St. Francis Xavier, 1622; published translations into Welsh.
^ John Salisbury (fl. 1627), member of English College at Rome; published a Latin poem.
^ John Salisbury (fl. 1695), first printer nml editor of Flying Post 1695; probably grandson of Thomas Salisbury (1567 ?-1620 ?)
^ Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829), botanist: son of Richard Markham, cloth-merchant of Leeds; educated at Edinburgh University; assumed name Salisbury under conditions of a bequest, 1785; wrote on botanical subjects, appropriating much of other men's work; honorary secretary, Horticultural Society, London. 1809-10. Left incomplete materials for Genera Plantarum published by John Edward Gray, 1866.
^ Roger of Salisbury (d. 1139).
^ Salisbury or SALESBURY, THOMAS (1565?1586), conspirator; entered Gray's Inn, 1573; in service of Earl of Leicester: joined secret society for protecting Jesuit missionaries in England, c. 1580; arrested for complicity in Babington's conspiracy, 1686; admitted undertaking to stir up sedition in favour of Mary Queen of Scots, but denied intention of murdering Queen Elizabeth; executed.
^ Salisbury or SALBERYE, THOMAS (1567–71620 ?), printer and Welsh poet; apprenticed, 1581; freeman of StationersCompany, 1688; printed Psalms in Welsh metres, 1603, and other works of protestnnt character.
^ Salesbury Salisbury , or SALUSBURY, SIR Thomas second baronet (d. 1643), poet; educated at Jesus College, Oxford; entered Inner Temple, 1631; succeeded to baronetcy, 1631; M.P., Denbighshire, 1640-3; fought for Charles I in civil war; D.C.L. Oxford, 1642; published History of Joseph a poem, 1636.
^ Salisbury or SALESBURY, WILLIAM (1520–71600 7), lexicographer; born in Denbighshire; educated at Oxford; studied law at Thavies Inn and Lincoln's Inn: converted to protestantism before 1550; edited and published, c. 1546, collection of Welsh proverbs compiled byGruffydd Hiraethog, probably earliest extant book printed in Welsh; issued Dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe 1547: probably translated Latenye in Welshe printed by Walley, 1563: entrusted by bishops of Welsh sees and of Hereford with translation of bible into Welsh, 1563; translated New Testament, with assistance of Thomas Huett, precentor of St. David's, and Bishop Richard Davies (d. 1581) (printed, 1567, by Henry Deuhnm); assisted Davies in translating various works into English; devoted himself after c. 1676 to scientific and antiquarian pursuits; published a Welsh book on rhetoric, 1595, and left several manuscripts.
^ Salisbury or SALESBURY, WILLIAM (1580–71659 ?), royalist; of Oriel College, Oxford; knight of shire for Merioneth, 1620-2; raised Welsh foot regiment for Charles I, and received commission of colonel, 1642; governor of Denbigh Castle, 1643; surrendered to General Mytton after long siege, 1646; fined and pardoned by parliament, 1648.
^ William Salisbury (d. 1823), botanist : nurseryman at Brompton, and (1799) at Cadogan Place, Sloane Street, London, where he held botanical classes; published botanical works. 8ALKELD, JOHN (1676-1660), Roman catholic renegade; perhaps educated at Queen's College, Oxford; studied under Jesuits at Coimbra and Cordova; joined English mission; converted to protestantism; received living of Wellington, 1613; rector of Church Taunton, 1636; deprived as royalist, 1646; published religious works.
^ William Salkeld (1671–1715), legal writer: educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1698; chief-justice of sessions for counties of Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Pembroke, 1713; serjeant-atlaw, 1715; published legal writings.
^ Andrew Ball (1612–1888), Irish jesuit: boni at :a-h.-l:.-lucated at St. Omer; rector of Irian ColleM, Salamanca, lti62-8; profesaed of four row, r. l,,; vincial snp-rior of Irish jeaulU. e. 1662: announced cooversion to church of England, 1674: D.D. Trinity College, Dublin; published ri-llgious apology for him self, 107B: D.D. Oxford, 1876: prebendary of Dublin. 176; chancellor of Cashd. 1676: kmestk chaplain to Charles II: lived at Oxford, 1676-80, and at 1 1680-2; left unfinished an edition of William Bedell translation of Old Testament into Irish; publtehed religious and philosophical writing*.: -.
^ Kliza Salmon ( 1787–1849), vocalist ; 4 Munday : first tppearad in oratorio at Coven t i Jiirdrn. inuS: married James.Salmon, 1806: sang at Thnv Choirs Festivals, 1812-24; lost her voice, 1826; died in poverty.
^ John Salmon (. 1825). bUhon of Norwich . prior of Kly U-fore 1291: bishop of Norwich, 1299-1326: negotiated Kdwnnl H's marriage, 1307: went on misPope Clement IV to obtain absolution for IHers Gavestou, 1309; elected ordainer, 1310: chancellor, 131
^ John Drew Salmon (1802?–1850), manager of Wenham Iuke Ice Company: F.L.S.. IKS2: pui.li-,,-! and left in ir.auuscript writings on ornithology and botany. -._,.
^ Nathanael Salmon (1676–1712). historian and antiquary: POII of Thomas Salmon (lIH-1706); LL.B. orpin Christi College, Cambridge, 1695; ordained: curate at Weatinill: resigned charge, e. 1714, and practised medicine; published antiquarian and historical works.
^ Robert Salmon (1768–1821), inventor: clerk of works under Henry Holland (1746 ?-1808); architect and mechanist to Francis Uussell, fifth duke of Bedford, at Wobuni Abbey, 1794-1821; invented first haymaking machine, 1814; silver inednilLst, Society of Arts.
^ Thomas Salmon (1648–1706),divine : M.A. Trinity College, Ox fon 1, 1670; studied music: publishedEssay to the Advancement of Mu.-ick advocating octave system proposed by William Bathe, 1672; hekl various livings; published also hUtorieal treatise*.
^ Thomas Salmon (10.79-1767), historical and geographical writer; son of Thomas Salmon (1648-1706) : travelled many years abroad; accompanied Anson on voyage round the world, 1739-40: published historical and geographical works, including Modem History, or Present State of all Nation* 1739.
^ William Salmon (1644–1713), empiric ; travelled in various countries us mountebank, and subsequent h practised medicine in London; published works on medicine, astrology, drawing, surgery, and other subject*, though he vas perhaps only the amanuensis of another person.
^ William Salmon ( ft. 1746), carpenter awl bulkier at Colchester: published works on building.
^ Johann Peter Salomon (1746–1815), mn-ician ; born at Bonn: court musician to elector of Bonn, r. 1757; toured;i violinist, 1765; concertmeister to Prince Henry of Prussia: led orchestra at Covent Garden, London, 1781: gave concerts with Mozart and Haydn at Hanover Square rooms, London, 1791-2: took part in establishing Philharmonic Society, 1813; composed operas.
^ Salomons Sm DAVID, first baronet (1797–1873), lord mayor of London: outraged in commerce in Londoi; a founder of London and West minster Bank, 1832; lirrinan of Coojjen Company: elected alderman for Aldgatc ward, 183ft, and for Portsoken ward, 1M. but being Jew was not admitted: elected and adrnittl alderman of Cord-wainer -ward, 1847: member of Middle Temple, 1849; liberal M.P. for Greenwich. 1861; fined for voting without having been sworn in statutory way: again member for ireenvich, 1859-73; lord mayor, 1*55; created baronet, 1869; publi.-hed works on finance and other subjects.
^ Ii Knry Salt (1780–1827), traveller : ent by governmait on mission to king of Abyssinia, 1H09-11: British onsul-vnirr:;l in K*ypt, 1H15-27; discovered the famous Abu Simbel inscription*, is 17; collected Egyptian antiquities, some of which he bold to the trustees of the British Museum and others to the French forernment: FJIA; . and other works.
^ Salt 8AMUBL(f. 1792), poUUdan: entered Middle Illlllf 1741 mul !..* n__.*l_ 1V.4C. __ll_l. ,. Tanple, 1741, and Inner Temple, 1T: called to bar. 17M; bencoer at Inner Temple, 17M, raa :-. M.;. -, r,.;;.- *,,. 1787; wa. hU clerk for nearly forty jrwra. SALT, s in TITDS(180a- 1876),
^ William Salt (180-18JX BUffonUhlre anti. quarj: partner In firm of Stcventon Salt * BOM, banker* of Lombard Street, London: PAA.; member of Royal Society of Literature; made archwological eoUaotion* r! tefte BteC.-..::.: bcMd (:.,:,,::..,,.,,, and located at Staffonl.
^ SALTER. JAMES (. 1666), author ofCaliope-* Cabinet opened 1666. 8ALTZR. James (1660-1718?), divine: educated at MmMulen College, Oxford; h.-ld living* in Cornwall and vk grammar and a sacred poem.
^ James Salter (ft. 1723), proprietor of Saltero's Coffee- house Chelsea, where he made a huge collection of curiosities (sold by auction, 1799).
^ James Salter (. 1767), clergyman : son of James Salter (1660-1718 ?); B.A. New Inn Hall, Oxford; vicar of St. Mary Church, 1718-67.
^ Salter .10HN WILLIAM ( 1820–1869 X geologist: apprenticed to James de Carle Sowerby, 1836; enLM-_( -.I in illustrating works on natural history; assisted Adam Sedgwick, 1842-6; assistant to Edward Forbes in geological survey, 1846; F.G.S., 1846; paheontologist to the survey. 1864-63; wrote extensively ou pala-ontology and geology.
^ Samuel Salter (. 1756?), divine ; D.D. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1728; prvbendary of Norwich, 1728; archdeacon of Norfolk, 1734; member of Dr. Johnsou's circle of friends.
^ Samtfl Salter f,. 1778), master of the London Charterhouse: son of Samuel Salter (rf. 1766?); of Charterhouse.School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A., 1737; frllow. 1736-8: prebendary of Gloucester, 1738, of Norwich, 1744; D.D. Lambeth, 1761; preacher at Charterhouse from 1754, and ma ter, 1761-78; published religious and other writings. L 217J
^ Thomas Salter (ft. 1580), author of A Mirrhor mete for all Mothers 1579, and other works of puritan tendency.
^ Thomas Frederick Salter (ft. 1814–1826), author; published "The Angler's Guide for fishing in London district, 1814.
^ William Salter (1804–1876), painter: resided in Italy. 1827-33; finished picture, The Waterloo Banquet at Apsley House 1841; member of Society of British Artists, 1846, and, later, vice-president.
^ SALTHOUSE. THOMAS (1630-1C91X quaker; converted to quokerism by George Fox at Swarthmoor, 1662; frviucntly fined and imprisoned for preaching; published religious works.
^ SALTMARSH, JOHN (. 1647), mystical writer; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge: advocated episcopacy, but subsequently adopted Calvtnirtic views; joined controversy, 1643-4, with Thomas Fuller (1608- 1661) ; rector of Brasted, 1646; army chaplain under Sir Thomas Fairfax (afterwards third Baron Fall fax) , 1646; published controversial and other religious writings.
^ SALTONSTALL, CHARLES (ft. 1..I2X writer on U fq. T.; sea navigation: brother of Wye Saltoostall captain; published Navigator 1641.
^ Saltonstall 8ALTON8TALL, SIR RICHARD (1521 ?-1601), lord mayor of London; master of SkinnersCompany, 1589, 169S, 1598, and 1699; M.P., city of London, 1586: r-lu-riir, 1688; lord mayor, 1597-8; knighted, 1598; governor of Merchant AdventurersCompany; interested in East India Company.
^ 8ALTON8TALL, RICHARD (1686-1658), colonist; nephew of Sir Richard Saltonstall (1521 ?-160l); justice of West Riding, Yorkshire: knighted, 1618; member and assistant, Massachusetts Bay Company, 1629; in Massachusetts, 1630-1.
^ Wyb Saltonstall (fl. 1630–1640), translator ; grandson of Sir Richard Saltoustall (1521 ?-1601); educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and, perhaps, at Gray's Inn; published or left in manuscript verse translations from Ovid and other works.
^ 8ALTOUN, sixteenth BARON (1786-1863). See FRASER, ALEXANDER GEORGE.
^ 8ALTREY, HENRY OF (ft. 1160).
^ 8ALTWOOD, ROBERT (fl. 1540), monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury; wrote Comparyson betwene iii j byrdes a poem in seven-line stanzas, printed c. 1550.
^ Sir Gerard Salveyn (d. 1320), judge: employed on miss'on to France, 1303; justice of trailbaston in Yorkshire, 1304; knight of shire for Yorkshire, 1304 and 1807, and sheriff, 1311-14; escheator north of Trent, c. 1807-9; imprisoned for oppression, 1314-15; supported Thomas of Lancaster, 1318, but was pardoned.
^ Anthony Salvin (1799–1881), architect; pupil ef John Nash; practised in London; executed restorations at Tower of London, Windsor, and other castles and country seats; F.R.I.B.A., 1836, vice-president, 1839, and gold medallist, 1863; F.S.A., 1824-81; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1823-36.
^ Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), naturalist; son of Anthony Salvin; of Westminster School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1860; honorary fellow, 1897; travelled in Central America and other parts of the world collecting natural-history specimens; Strickland curator of ornithology at Cambridge, 1874-82; F.Z.S., 1860: F.L.S., 1864; F.R.S., 1873; edited, conjointly with Mr. F. D. Godman,Biologia Centrali-Americana and published scientific writings.
^ Humphrey Salwey (1575?-1652), parliamentarian; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and Inner Temple; took side of parliament in civil war; appointed but refused to serve as judge at Charles I's trial, 1649.
^ Richard Salwey (1615–1685), parliamentarian ; grocer in London: M J*., A ppleby, 1645; member of com. missions on Irish matters, 1616 and 1650; English am'bassador at Constantinople, 1654; member of committee of safety and of council of state, May 1659; commissioner for navy, 1659; imprisoned on suspicion of complicity in Farnley Wood plot, 1663-4.
^ Richard Samble (1644–1680), quaker minister and travelling preacher; published religious works.
^ Adolph Samelson (1817–1888), ophthalmic sur(reon; born at Berlin; M.D. Berlin, 1840; practised at Zehdenick, Brandenburg, and subsequently took up diseases of eye at Berlin; compelled, through political opinions, to leave country, and began practice at Manchester, 1867; published surgical and other writings. 1. 2281
^ Aylett Sammes (1636?-1679?), antiquary; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, c. 1659; incorporated at Oxford, 1677; entered Inner Temple, 1657; published Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 1676.
^ Henry Sampson (1629?-1700), nonconformist minister and physician; son of William Sampson (1590?-1636?); B.A. and fellow, Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1660; M.A., 1653; rector of Framlingham, 1650; deprived, 1660; M.D. Leyden, 1668; practised in London; honorary P.R.O.P., 1680; published archaeological and religious works.
^ Henry Sampson (1841–1891), journalist; entered printing office, c. 1853; engaged in sporting journalism; editor of Fun 1874-8; as part proprietor and editor, with pseudonym Pendragon started Referee 1877.
^ Richard Sampson (d. 1554), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; of Clement Hostel and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; D.C.L., 1513; chaplain to Wolsey; advocate, 1515; dean of St. Stephen's, Westminster, and of Chapel Royali London, and Henry VIII's chaplain, 1516; archdeacon of Cornwall, 1517; prebendary of Nexvbold, 1519; resident ambassador to Spain, 1522-5; dean of Windsor, 1523-36; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1526-34, of Lincoln. 1527; archdeacon of Suffolk, 1529; supported Henry VIII's divorce; prebendary and dean of Lichfield, 1533; treasurer of Salisbury, 1534; bishop of Chichester, 1536-43, of Coventry and Lichfield, 1543-54; lord-president of Wales; published theological treatises.
^ Thomas Sampson (1517?–1589), puritan divine; of Pembroke Hal1, Cambridge; entered Inner Temple, 1547; converted to protestantism; rector of All Hallows, Bread Street, London, 1551; dean of Ohichester, 1552; fled to continent, 1556, and returned on Queen Elizabeth's accession; canon of Durham, 1560; dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1561, deprived and placed temporarily in confinement, 1565; prebendary and penitentiary of St. Paul's, London, 1570; master of Wigston's hospital, Leicester, 1567-89; published religious works; concerned in translation of Geneva Bible, published, 1560.
^ William Sampson (1590?–1636?), dramatist ; of humble birth; joined (1612) with Gervase Markham in writing tragedy on story of Herod (published, 1622); subsequently produced independently The Vow Breaker printed 1636, and, perhaps, The Widow's Prize licensed for publication, 1653.
^ William Sampson (1764–1836), United Irishman and jurist; educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and Lincoln's Inn; called to Irish bar; wrote against Irish government in Northern Star at Belfast; joined United Irishmen: took lead in movement for arming against French, 1797; contributed to the Press the Dublin organ of United Irishmen; imprisoned on suspicion of holding French commission, 1798; arrested on suspicion of writing pamphlet by Edward Cooke (1755-1820) against union, 1799; banished to France, and subsequently to America; practised at American bar; published Memoirs and legal and other writings; died at New York.
^ Joseph Sams (1784–1860), orientalist ; successively schoolmaster and bookseller at Darlington; travelled in Europe and the East in search of antiquities, which he collected and catalogued.
^ Samson (fl. 550), British saint ; educated at monastic school at Uantwit Major; ordained By Dubricins JDyfrig); abbot of a monastery, possibly on Oaldy island; established community on banks of Severn; abbot 01 monastery of Germanus; consecrated bishop; built monastery of Dol in Brittany, where he died.
^ Samson (d. 1112), bishop of Worcester ; born at Douvres, near Caen; brother of Thomas of Bayeux (d. 1100) ; studied at Liege and Angers; clerk in William I's chapel; canon and treasurer of church of Bayeux, 1082; consecrated bishop of Worcester and admitted to priest's orders, 1096; buried in Worcester Cathedral. L 238
^ Samson (1135–1211), abbot of St. Edmund's; born at Tottington; M.A. Paris; made monastic profession, 1166; mitred abbot of St. Edmund's, 1182; appointed by Pope Lucius III judge delegate in ecclesiastical causes, 1182; exempted, with his successors, from metropolitan jurisdiction, 1188; fought at siege of Windsor, 1193; visited Richard I, when captive, in Germany; justice errant; one of papal commissioners for settling quarrel between Archbishop Hubert and Canterbury monks, 1200; wrote theological treatises. His rule was successful, morally and financially, and he added extensively to the abbey buildings. The abbot Samson of Carlyle'sPast and Presentis rather a rhetorical construction than a historical personage.
^ Joseph Samuda D'AGUILAR (1813–1886), engineer: entered partnership, 1832, with his brother Jarob . 1844); engaged chiefiy in building marine engines, 1832-42, and in laying down railway lines on atmospheric principle, 1843-8; b of iron for war and merchant naviea, 1843: original treaenrer find member of council of In iwjii; M.I.C.K., 1863; liberal M.P for TavUtock, 186618B8, and for Tower Hamlet*, 1868-80; wrote on engine-ring subject*.
^ Edward Samuel (1674–174* X Welsh divine; of Oriel College, if..ni: l..-ld uooeMlvely rec Merionetliihire aud Denbighshire; translated books Into Welsh; published Webb works In vene and prose.
^ George Samuel (d. 1833?), landMape-palnter ; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1786-1813.
^ Richard Samuel (Jl. 1770–1786), portraitpainter; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1773-9.
^ William Samuel (Jl. 1651–1569), divine; in service of Duke of Somerset; published religious and poetical works.
^ Samways or SAMWAIES, PETER (1616–1693), royalist divine; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1641; D.D., 1660; vicar of Cheshunt: expelled by parliamentarians; obtained preferment at Rertoration: prebendary of York, 1668; published religions works.
^ David Samwell (rf. 1799), surgeon ; accompanied Captain Cook on third voyage of discovery, as surgeon's first mate; subsequently lived In London.
^ Ignatius Bancho (-1739–1780), negro writer; born at sea; brought to England at early age; butler to second Duchess of Montagu, 1749-51, and subsequently served George Montagu, fourth duke of Manchester; formed acquaintance with Sterne, 1766; grocer in Charles Street, Westminster, 1773, where he spent latest years in writing letters in Sterne's manner. His Letters were published, 1783.
^ William Sancroft (1617–1693), archbishop of Canterbury; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1641; D.D., 1662; fellow and tutor, 1642; bursar, 1644; published attack on Calvinism, 1658; studied at Padua; returned home, 1660; chaplain to Bishop Oosin: employed in Savoy conference; Charles II's chaplain, 1661; prebendary of Durham, 1662; master (1662-4) of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he founded new chapel; dean of York, and, later, of St. Paul's, London, 1664; greatly assisted In work connected with rebuild'ng St. Paul's Cathedral, 1666; archdeacon of Canterbury, 1668-70: archbishop of Canterbury, 1678; crowned James II, 1685; refused to serve iu high commission court established by James II; refused to read James II's declaration of liberty of conscience, and signed, with six bishops petition to James II, 1688; imprisoned in Tower of London; tried on charge of seditious libel and acquitted: signed declaration calling on William of Orange to assist In procuring peace and a free parliament 1688, but was in favour of appointing him merely etutot regni, not king; suspended, 1689, and deprived, 1690; published treatises aud prepared for the press Laud's 'Memorials
^ Johannes Sanctofidensis (d. 1359 See John of St Faith's.
^ Francisco Sancto, ANGELUS A (1601–1678),
^ Francisco Sancto , BERNARD A (1628–1709).
^ Germano Sancto , JOHANNES DR (Jl. 1170).
^ John Db Sandale (d. 1 31 9), bishop of Winchester ; one of Edward I's clerks, 1294; controller of receipt* in Gascony, 1297; treasurer, 1299, and subsequently chancellor, St. Patrick's, Dublin; chamberlain of Scotland, c. 13031307; chancellor of exchequer, 1307-8; lieutenant for treasurer, 1308-10; treasurer, 1310-11, 1312, and 1818; held various prebends; archdeacon of Richmond, 1309; chancellor, 1314-18; bishop of Winchester, 1316-19.
^ Thomas Oollett Bandars ( 1825–1894), editor of Justinian; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1848; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1849; M.A., 1851; called to bar, 1851; edited Justinian's Institutes 1863.
^ 8ANDBY. PAUL (17X6-1809), i and engraver; htU appointment la department at Tower o London, 174 David W. survey till 1761; lesqued many of Hogarth* works; exhibited at Sooirty of Artista, 1760-a, and WM director, 1766; chief drawingBarter, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 17*8-07: original R. A.. 1768, and exhibited between 17U and UN*: Introduced into England aquatintprocess of engravIng; Diooeerc topographical art ta England.
^ Thomas Sandby (1731-17MX draughtaman and architect; kept with his brother, Paul Sandby q. v.L an academy at Nottingham: private secretary and draughtsman to William Augustus, duke of ~ 1743, ami accompanied him in ~ 1743-8; deputy-ranger of Windsor Great Park, 1744-M; formed Virginia Water, and made alterations in Windsor Park: original RJL, 1768; first of architecture to Academy, 1770: built FreemasonsHall, Queen Street, Lincoln Inn Fields, London, 1776: joint architect with James Adam of his majesty's work., 1777; master-carpenter of his majesty's works In England, 1780,
^ Robert Bandsman (1718–1771), Scottish sectary; educated at Edinburgh; came under Influence of John Glas, whose views he adopted; linen manufacturer at Perth, 1736-44; elder In Olasslte community, 1744; exercised ministry successively in Perth, Dundee, Edinburgh, and London (1760); went to New England, 1764, and founded church at Portsmouth, new Hampshire, 1766: published letters and other writings.
^ 8ANDEMAN, Sm ROBERT GROVES (1836-1893), major; educated at St. Andrews: appointed to 33rd Bengal Infantry, 1856; served with Probyn's bone in mutiny; magistrate of Dera Ghasi Khan, 1866: conducted negotiations which led to treaty with kRan of Khalat, 1876; C.S.I., 1877; agent to governor-general In Itahichistan, 1877-92; major; K.CJB.L, 1879; aided Sir Frederick (afterwards Lori) Roberts iu transport service to Quetta and Kandahar, 1880.
^ Sanders alias BAINES, FRANCIS (1648–1710), Jesuit; bom in Worcestershire; studied at St. Omer, and English College, Rome: joined Jesuit*, 1674: professed of II at 81 O four vows, 1684: confessor to exiled J main; published religious works. .it HJT
^ Francis Williams Sanders (1769–1831), conveyancer; banister, Lincoln's Inn, 18o3; practised as conveyancer; published legal writings.
^ George Sanders (1774–1846), portrait-painter; apprenticed as coach-painter at Edinburgh; from 1807 worked as miniaturist in London and subsequently as portrait-painter.
^ John Sanders or Saunders (1760-18M), painter; studied at Royal Academy; exhibited portrait* and other pictures from 1771; practised successively at Norwich and Bath.
^ Nicholas Sanders or Sander (1530?–1581). controversialist and historian; fellow, New College, Oxford, 1548; B.C.L., 1651; lectured on canon law; D.D. Rome; ordained priest; In attendance successively on cardinal legate Stanislaus Hoslua, and Commendone; at Louvaln, 1666-73; regius professor of theology, Louvaln; joined controversy provoked by Bishop Jewel's challenge; published bis great work, De Visibili Monarchia Ecclesiae, 1 1671; in Madrid working for dethronement of Queen Elizabeth in favour of Roman catholic sovereign, 1673; sent as papal nuncio to Ireland to excite rebellion, 1679; secured adherence of Desmond; after many times narrowly escaping capture died of dysentery: left historical and other manuscript*, printed posthumously.
^ Robert Sanders ( 1 727-1 783 X compiler; hack-writer in London, c. 1760; compiled Newgate Calendar 1764, Complete BnglUb Traveller, or Survey of England and Wales 1771, and other works, fj. 363
^ William Sanders (1799–1876), geologist ; corn merchant at Bristol; F.G.S., 1839: F.R.S., 1864: made careful survey of geology of Bristol district.
^ Rutherford William (1828 188nTDhv*icia'n: educated at High School, Kdinbmvh, and at Montpellier: B.-e*.-L., 1844; M.D. Edinburgh, tudied medicine in Paris and Heidelberg: pathot to Royal Infirmary, Bdlnburgh: conservator of am of Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, 1853; veirian to Royal Infirmary, 1861; professor of pathoEtanrh 1869-81; afflicted with right hemiplegia aphasia, 1880; published medical writings.
^ James Sanderson (1769?–1841?), musician; led orchestra at Alley's Theatre, London, 1788; composer and musical director at Royal Circus, London, 1793; published musical compositions; composed the accepted tune of Comin' thro the Rye.
^ John Sanderson (rf. 1602), Roman catholic divine M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1561; logic wader, 1562; expelled from university for suspicious doctrine; went to Douay; ordained priest;D.D. Douay: divinity professor in English College, Rheims, 1580; produced religious and other writings.
^ Robert Sanderson (1587–1663), bishop of Lincoln; B.A. and fellow, Lincoln College, Oxford, 1606; M.A., 1608; D.D., 1636; reader in logic, 1608; prebendary of Southwell, 1619, and of Lincoln, 1629; rector of Boothby Pagnell, 1619 (sequestered, 1643); regius professor of divinity at Oxford, 1642: ejected by parliamentary visitors, 1648, but reinstated, 1660; bishop of Lincoln, 1660-3; moderator at conference with presbyterians at the Savoy, London, 1661; published philosophical and religious works; author of the second preface, It hath been the wisdom &c., to the Book of Common Prayer.
^ Robert Sanderson (1660–1741), historian ; educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; clerk in Rolls Chapel, London; contributed largely to compilation of Rymer's Foedera and published vols. xvi-xx. (17151735) after Rymer's death; one of founders of revived Society of Antiquaries, 1717; usher of high court of chancery, 1726; left manuscript history of reign of Henry V.
^ Thomas Sanderson (1759–1829), poet; schoolmaster at Greystoke, near Penrith, 1778: lived in seclusion at Sebergham; schoolmaster successively at Blackball and Beaumont; published Original Poems 1800, and other works. His Life and Remains appeared, 1829.
^ Sir William Sanderson (1586?–1676), historian; secretary to Henry Rich, earl of Holland, when chancellor of Cambridge University: took side of royalists; gentleman of privy chamber to Charles II; knighted; his works include a history of Mary Queen of Scots and her son James, 1656, and a history of Charles I, 1658, which involved him hi a controversy with Peter Heylyn.
^ Daniel Sandford (1766–1830), bishop of Edinburgh: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1791: D.D., 1802: opened episcopal chapel in Edinburgh, 1792; bishop of Edinburgh, 1806-30; published religious writings.
^ Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford (1798–1838), professor of Greek at Edinburgh; son of Daniel Sandford; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1825; D.O.L., 1833: professor of Greek, Glasgow University, 1821; knighted, 1830: M.P., Paisley, 1834-5; author of translations from the Greek and educational Greek works; joint-editor of Popular Encyclopedia
^ Francis Sandford (1630–1694), herald; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin; rougedragon pursuivant, College of Arms, 1661; Lancaster herald, 1676-89; confined for debt In Newgate prison, London, where he died; chief work,Genealogical History of Kings of England 1677.
^ Francis Richard John Bandford , first Baron Sandford (1824–1893), son of Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1858; in education office, 1848-68 and 1870-84; assistant undersecretary in colonial office, 1868-70; knighted, 1862; K.O.&, 1879; privy councillor, 1885; created Baron Sandford, 1WL
^ Folk de Sandford (rf. 1271), also called Fulk de Basset, archbishop of Dublin; nephew of Sir Philip Mussi-t; archdeacon of Middlesex, 1244; prebedary, treasurer, and chancellor of St. Paul's, London; appointed, 1256, archbishop of Dublin by Pope Alexander IV, who quashed election of Ralph de Norwich approved by Henry III; accepted by Henry III; temporarily deputy-justice of Ireland, 1265; buried in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
^ Sir Herbert Bruce Sandford (1826–1892), colonel; son of Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford; served in Bombay artillery in Indian mutiny; colonel, 1865; K.C.M.G., 1877.
^ James Sandford or Sanford (d. 1567), author; perhaps tutor to William Herbert, third earl of Pembroke; published translations, including tales from Plutarch, and a version from a French translation of Epictetus.
^ John de Sandford, Saunford, or Sampford (d. 1294), archbishop of Dublin; perhaps brother of Fulk de Snndford: escheator of Ireland, 1271 and 1272; justice in eyre in Ulster, 1281; prebendary of Dublin; treasurer of Ferns, c. 1269; dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1275; chosen archbishop of Dublin, 1284: confirmed in appointment by Pope Honorius IV, 1285; temporarily keeper of Ireland, 1288-90 on sudden death of Viceroy Stephen de Fulburue; one of ambassadors to negotiate alliance with Adolph of Nassau, 1294.
^ John Sandford or Sanford (1565?–1629), poet and grammarian; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1595; corrector to press at Oxford, 1592; chaplain of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1593-1616; domestic chaplain to Archbishop Abbot, c. 1614; held rectories in Kent; published Latin verse, and grammars of French, Latin, Italian, and Spanish.
^ John Sandford (1801–1873), divine; son of Daniel Sandford; of Glasgow University and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1841; B.D., 1845; honorary canon of Worcester, 1844; archdeacon of Coventry, 1851; examining chaplain to Bishop of Worcester, 1853-60; Bampton lecturer at Oxford, 1861; active member of lower house of convocation; published religious works.
^ Samuel Sandford (. 1661–1699), actor ; joined D'Avenant's company at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London; original Worm in Cowley's Cutter of Coleman Street 1661; migrated with the company under Lady D'Avenant to Dorset Garden, London, c. 1671; at Theatre Royal, London, 1682; under Betterton at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 1695; acted in plays by Dryden, Sedley, and Otway; most popular in disagreeable characters
^ Barox Sandhurst (1819–1876). See MANSFIELD, William Rose .
^ James Sandilands , first Baron Torphichen (d. 1579), preceptor of Torphichen and head of knights hospitallers of Scotland, and M.P., 1543: privy councillor, 1546; signed act approving of Book of Discipline 1561; resigned possessions of order of St. John for temporal lordship of Torphichen, 1563.
^ James Sandilands , seventh Baron Torphichen (d. 1753), served as lieutenant-colonel, 7th dragoons under Marlborough, and against rebels of 1715.
^ John Sandsbury or Sansbury (1576-1610), of Merchant Taylors School and St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1601; B.D., 1608; vicar of St. Giles's, Oxford, 1607; published Latin verse.
^ Earls of Sandwich . See MONTAGU, EDWARD, first EARL, 1625-1672; MONTAGU, JOHN, fourth EARL, 1718-1792.
^ Henry de Sandwich (d. 1273), bishop of London; probably brother of Ralph de Sandwich; prebendary of St. Paul's, London; bishop of London, 1262; sympathised with baronial party, but frequently acted as mediator during baronswar; suspended by papal legate, Ottobon, 1266, for refusing to publish papal sentence of excommunication against Simon de Montfort and his abettors; restored, 1272.
^ Ralph de Sandwich (d. 1308?), judge ; probably brother of Henry de Sandwich; knight; keeper of royal wardrobe: d Moutfort with great seal, 1266: ru."tl t!. H'77: constable of Tower of London, 1286-8, and 12o till.Ninth, und warden of the city of London, 1286 im, 11*7-8, and 1290-5; on commission of judges that condemned William Wallace, 1106..:.:-.
^ Humphry Sandwith (1881), army physician; qualified by London University and College of Surgeons; house surgeon to Hull Infirmary, 1847: travelled in Mesopotamia; correspondent of The Times 1863; staff surgeon in Beatson's corps of Bashi-Baxouks, 1864; inspector-general of hospitals and head of medical staff under Colonel (afterward* Sir William Penwiok) Williams in Armenia, 1866: at defence of Kan.: in London, 1856; published narrative of adventures, 1866; C.B.: D.C.L. Oxford: colonial secretary in Mauritius, 1857-9; la Servia, 1872-7, where be advocated cause of Servian refugees; published works of i
^ Charles Sandys (1786–1869). antiquary: admitted solicitor, 1808; practised at Canterbury till 1867; F.S.A., 1846; published and left in manuscript antiquarian works.
^ Edwin Sandys (1610?-1188), archbishop of York ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge 1641; D.D., 1649: proctor, 1542: master of Catharine Halt Cambridge, 1649 (deprived, 1553): canon of Peterborough, 1649; prebendary of Carlisle, 1562; vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, 1653: supported Lady Jane Grey's cause: Imprisoned in Tower of London and Manbalsea; was released and made escape to continent: returned to England, 1669; bishop of Worcester, 1559-70: signed the articles of 1662; one of tOMMlitrr of BishopsBible 1566; bishop of London, 1670-6: joined ecclesiastical commission, 1571; took part in translating bible of 1572: archbishop of York, 1576-88; published sermons and other works.
^ Sir Edwin Sandys (1561–1629), statesman; son of Edwin Sandys; of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford: M.A., 15H3: B.C.L.,1589; fellow, 1580; prebendary of York, 1582-1602; entered Middle Temple, 1689: M.P., Andover, 1586, and Plymptou, 1589 and 1593; travelled abroad with Cianin.-r, 1593: wrote Europae Speculum 1599 (piratically published as Relation of State of Religion 1605); returned to England, 1599; knighted, 1603; M.P., Stockbridge, 1604, assuming leadiug position in House of Commons; on committee to considergreat contract 1610; on committee to consider imposition?, 1613, when he enunciated principle that there were certain reciprocal conditions of the constitution which neither kinu uor people might violate with impunity; dismissal iy council; free brother of East India Company, 1618; served on company's committee, 1619-23 and 1626-9: member of Somers Islands Company, 1616; member of council for Virginia, 1607; joint-manager of Virginia Company, 1617, and treasurer, 1619-20; organised government of the colony, 1619, and inaugurated an era of prosperity; being suspected of designing to cstnblUh republican and puritan state in America, he was accused of malversation of funds and transmission of false news, and temporarily imprisoned in Tower of London, 1621, Virginia Company's charter being annulled and government of colony assumed by crown, 1624; M.P., Sandwich, 1621, Kent, 1624, and IVnfyn, 1626 and 1626.
^ George Sandys (1578–1644), poet; son of Edwin Sandys; educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford: wont abroad, IttlO, and travelled in Italy, Turkey, Kirypt, and Palestine: publishedRelation of a Journey 1616: treasurer of Virginia Company, 1621; accompanied Sir Francis Wyatt to Virginia, 1621, and was nominated member of council when crown assumed government, 1624; reap* polnted, 1626 and 1628; gentleman of privy chamber to Charles I; published a translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses 1621-6,Paraphrase upon the Psalmeain Terse, 1636 (music by Henry Lawes being added in an edition in 1638),Christ's Passion, a Tragedy a translation in heroic verse from Latin of Grotius, 1640, and Paraphrase of Song of Solomon in verse, 1641: agent in London to Virginia Company, 1638; petitioned unsuccessfully for re-establishment of company's old privileges of government, 1642. -;
^ Samuel Sandys , first Baron Sandys of Ombersley 1696?-1770), educated at New College, Oxford ; M.P., Worcester. 1718-41: several MM lor.lftfi ,1741: 1742-1: mi 1741: ,,! MM.,,::. r,,:!Ml.,,rl (MMlvfJBl created Baron Sandy*, 1741: treasurer of the -T--I1747-66: sneaker of House of Lords, 1766; warden and chief justice in eyre of king's (George II and George III) tons* mst. TMS, aU IS m K. trtt:.M.f trade and plantations, 1761-1.
^ William Sandys, Baron Sandys of 'The Vyne' (f. 1640), knight of the body to Heary VIII. 1606: con Cloth of Gold: created Baron Sandys of The Vyne 1623: took part with Fox in founding Guild of Holy Ghost at Basingstoke, 1624; lord chamberlain and captain of
^ William Sandys (1792–1874), antiquary: educated at Westminster; solicitor in London, 1814-71: U Li collabonited with Forster in History of the Violin 1864, and published antiquarian works chiefly to music and songs.
^ John Langton Sanford (1824–1877), historical writer: educated at University College, London; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1866; joint-editor of Inquirer 1862-6; published historical writings.
^ Joseph Sanford or Sandford (d. 1774), scholar and book-collector; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford. 1716; B.D., 1726; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. 1716 till death: rector of Duloe, 1722, and aim of Hunt-pill, 1739-1774.
^ Gabriel Sangar (d. 1678) ejected minister; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1632: rector of Steeple Ashton, 1660; ejected, 1662; published religious works.
^ John Banger (1816–1889), circus proprietor; began with his brother George conjuring exhibition at liirinintrham. 1846; started a circiw entertainment at L.M.II: l.-d Agricultural Hall, Iitlingtun. and (1871) Amphitheatre, London: sutttequtiiUy dissolved partnership, each brother continuing independently.
^ Samuel Sangster (1804?-1872), line-engraver; pupil of William Finden
^ Sanquhar sixth Baron (d. 1612). See Robert Crichton.
^ Benedict of Sansetun (d. 1226), bishop of Rochester; precentor of St. Paul, London, 1201: head justice for four home counties, 1212; consecrated bishop of Rochester, 1215.
^ Robert Sansum (d. 16C5), rear-admiral; commanded vessel attending on army in Scotland, 1662: in North Sea from 1666; rear-admiral of white, 1664; killed in battle off Lowestoft.
^ Hester Santlow (. 1720–1778), actms : married Barton Booth, 1719; originally a dancer who had lived under protection of Duke of Marlborough.
^ 8ANTRY, BARON (1C03-1672).
^ Adolph Saphir (1831-1891), theologian: born at l'itli: converted to Christianity by Jewish mission of church of Scotland, 1843: studied for ministry at Edinburgh, Berlin, Glasgow (M.A., 1864), and Aberdeen: licensed and appointed missionary to Jews, 1864: at Huinbunj, 1H64-6: boo. D.D. Edinburgh. 1878; at Beltrravc presbyteriau church, 1880-8; published nliirioa works. U 299 J
^ Bernard Sapiens (Jt. 865).
^ Hadrian à Saravia (1631-1611), divine: born at Hesdin in Artois; took part in drawing of Walloon confession of fuith; removed to Channel islands, 1660: professor of divinity at Leyden. 1682, and castor of French reformed church; rector of Tattenhlll. 1688; held Tarious prebends; one of translators of new Terskm of scriptures, 1607; rector of Great Chart, 1610-11; poMisbed religions treatises.
^ William Lucas Baroant (1809–1889), education*! reformer anl political economist: educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; entered his father's business of maker of military arms at Birmingham; published work* on education and political economy.
^ John Sargent (1780–1833), divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1807; held various rS!orUT; published biographical writings.
^ John Grant Sargent (1813–1883), quaker; m aA, Acquaintance of the American quaker John Wilbur (1774-1866), and founded the Fritchley Friends, 1870; published religious works.
^ John Neptune Saroknt (1826–1893), lieutenant-general: lieutenant In 95th foot, 1846; served in Hongkong, 1847-50: captain, 1853; In Turkey, 1854; fought at Alma, Inkermann, and Redan, 1855; brevetmaior, 1855; on committee of three officers to examine equipment of armies in Crimea, 1855; second lieutenantooloneL first battalion, 1859; British commandant at Taku forts, 1860; C.B., 1862; colonel, 1864; appointed to brigade depot at Milford Haven, 1873, and at Oxford, 1874; major-general, 1877; commander of troops in China and Straits Settlements, 1882; lieutenant-general, 1884; colonel, first battalion Inuiskilling FosUiers, 1891.
^ John Saris (d. 1646), merchant and sea-captain : one of factors for East India Company at Bantam, 1605-9; again at Bantam, 1611, when he sailed to Japan, 1612, and obtained emperor's commission authorising the company's agents to reside and trade in Japan; returned to England, 1614.
^ 8ARJEAUNT, JOHN (1622-1707).
^ SARHENTO, JACOB DK CASTRO (1692-1762), physician; born In Portugal; M.D. Ooimbra, 1717; came to gngianH as rabbi of Jews of Portugal resident in London; LJLO.P., 1785; M.D., Aberdeen, 1739; F.R.S., 1730; published medical works.
^ 8ABSJTELD, PATRICK, titular EARL OF LUCAN (rf. 1693), born at Lucan; educated at a French military college; lieutenant-colonel of Dover's horse, 1686; colonel, 1686; received from James II command of Irish troops in England: followed the king to France and accompanied him to Ireland, 1689; privy councillor and colonel of horse, 1689; brigadier; took Sligo and assisted In defence of Galway and In securing of Cop naught; major-general; fought at Boy ne, 1690: assisted in defence of Limerick; governor of Qalway and Oonnaught; received patent as Earl of Lucan, 1691; commanded reserve at Aughrim, 12 July 1691. and after treaty of Limerick, 84 Sept., sailed to France, joining French service with many of his troop*; received from the exiled James second troop of lifeguards; commanded Irish soldiers intended for Invasion of England, 1692; marechal-de-camp; fought at Steenkirk, 1692; mortally wounded at Landen.
^ 8ARTORJS, MRS. ADELAIDE (1814 7-1879). See KEMBLE, ADELAIDE.
^ 8ARTORITJS, FRANCIS (1734-1804), painter; son and pupil of John Sartorius (1700?-1780 ?); painted sporting subjects; exhibited at Royal Academy.
^ Sir George Rose Sartorius (1790–1885), admiral of the fleet; entered navy, 1801; lieutenant, 1808; captain, 1814; In Bay of Biscay, 1814-15, when Napoleon I surrendered; engaged by Dom Pedro to command Portuguese regency fleet against Dom Miguel, 1831-1; knighted, 1841: admiral, 1861; K.O.B., 1865; vice-admiral of United Kingdom, 1869; admiral of fleet, 1869; G.C.B., 1880.
^ John Sartorius (1700?-1780?), animal-painter ; exhibited chiefly at Free Society of Artists.
^ John Sartorius F. (1775?–1831?), painter of sporting subjects; son of John N. Sartorius; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1802-27.
^ John Sartorius N. (1755?–1828?), painter of sporting subjects; sou of Francis Sartorius q. v.l; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1781-18*4.
^ Henry (1788–1844), painter: exhibited at *? from 1807: travelled In Italy, 1815-17, published account of journey, 1818; opened drawing school at Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury, London, whicb he conducted till 1842.
^ Sass or BASSE, RICHARD (1774–1849), landscapepainter; half-brother of Henry Sass: exhibit-ol;it Royal Academy, 1791-1813; teacher in drawing to Princess Charlotte.
^ Bassoon Sin ALBERT ABDULLAH DAVID, first baronet (1818-1896), merchant; born at Bagdad, whence his father, David Sassoon (1792-1864), who was a merchant there, removed to Bushire, and later to Bombay; educated in India; bead of firm at Bombay, 1864; constructed Sassoou dock at Colaba, Bombay, 1872-5; O.S.I., 1867: member of Bombay legislative council, 1868-72; K.B., 1872; settled in England: created baronet, 1890; spent large sums in philanthropic works in India and England.
^ Benjamin Satchwell (1732–1809), founder of the Leamington Spa Charity; shoemaker at Leamington Priors; discovered saline springs, 1784, and was chiefly instrumental in promoting prosperity of the modern town of Leamington; instituted, 1806, Leamington Spa Charity.
^ Arthur Saul (d. 1585), divine ; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1549; fellow, c. 1546-1553: expelled by Bishop Gardiner, 1553; at Strasburg during Queen Mary's reign; canon of Salisbury, 1559, and of Gloucester, 1565.
^ Arthur Saul (fl. 1614), writer on chess ; probably son of Arthur Saul (d. 1585); author of treatise on use of arquebus; published book on chess, 1614.
^ William Devonshire Saull (1784–1855), geologist; F.G.S., 1831; F.S.A., 1841; F.R.A.S.; published writings relating to geology.
^ Richard Sault (d. 1702), mathematician and editor; kept a mathematical school near Royal Exchange, London, 1694; joint-editor with Dunton, the publisher, of Athenian Gazette 1691; removed, c. 1700, to Cambridge, where he died; published mathematical and other works.
^ James Saumarez, Baron de Saumarez (1757-1836), admiral; born at St. Peter Port; lieutenant, 1776; in Victory, the Channel flagship, 1778-81; in action at Dogger Bank, 1781: in West Indies, 1782; made important capture of French ship off Cherbourg, and was knighted, 1793; employed in blockade of Brest, 1795-6; at battle of St. Vincent, 1797, and Nile, 1798; made rearadmiral and baronet, 1801; with Brest fleet, 1801; mad unsuccessful attack on French off Algeciras, but soon after defeated French and Spanish, and was made K.B., 1801; commanded Guernsey station, 1803-7; vice-admiral and second in command of fleet off Brest, 1807; commanded squadron in Baltic, 1808-13; admiral, 1814; rear-admiral of United Kingdom, 1819, and vice-admiral, 1821; cominander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1824-7; raised to peerage, 1831; general of marines, 1832.
^ Philip Saumarez (1710-1747), navy captain; entered navy, 1726; lieutenant, 1737; captain, 1743: captured French ship in Soundings, 1746; with Anson at Cape Finisterre, 1747, and later with Hawke in action of 14 Oct., when he was killed.
^ Richard Saumahez (1764–1835), surgeon: brother of James, baron de Saumarez: studied medicine at London Hospital; surgeon at Magdalen Hospital, Streatham, 1788-1805; practised in London till 1818; published physiological and other works.
^ Thomas Saumarez (d. 1766), navy captain; brother of Philip Saumarez; captain, 1748; captured French ship Belliqueux in Bristol channel, 1758, and commanded her in West Indies, 1761.
^ Sir Thomas Baumarez (1760–1845), general; brother of James, baron de Saumarez; served In North America during revolutionary war; president and commauder-in-chief of New Brunswick, 1813; general, 1838.
^ Charles Saunders (1713?-1775), admiral; entered navy, 1727; lieutenant, 1734: with George (afterwards Baron) Anson 1739; commander and captain, 1741; on home station, 1745; assisted in defeat by Hawke of French under M. de l'Eteudu6re, 14 Oct. 1747: M.P., Plymouth, 1780, Heydon, 17*4-76; commodore and commander-in-chief on Newfoun station, 1752; comptroller of navy, 17M; commanderin hief of rtoet for tbe St. Lawrence, 1769; returnel U ..I after surrender of Quebec; commander- in-chief in Moditerranean, 1760; K.H., 1761: lord of admiralty, 17G5, and first lord, 1766; admiral.
^ Saunders Bin EDMUND (d. 1683), judge; born of poor parent*; gained living by imvular nnployment in Clement's Inn; barrister, Middle Temple, 1664; began, 1666, his Reports ID king's bench, which, extending to 1678, were first published, 1686: appeared as counsel for Strufford, 1680, and against Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1681; bencher of Middle Temple, 168): lord chief-justice of king's bench, 1683; made serjeant-at-law and knighted, 1683.
^ Sir Edward Saunders (d. 1576), judge; educated at Cambridge: entered Middle Temple: Lent reader, 1533; autumn reader, 1619: king's serjeaut, 1M7; recorder of Coventry; M.P., Coventry, 1M1, Lontwithirl. 1547, and Saltash, 1663; justice of common plea*. 1653: jurtice of common pleas in county palatine of Lancaster, 1M4; knighted, 1565; chlef-jnstlce of queen's bench, 1556; degraded to position of chief-baron of exchequer, 1669.
^ 8AUNDERS, ERASMUS (1670-17*4), divine: M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1696; D.D., 1712; prebendary of St. David's, 1709; published religious works.
^ Saunders Sin GEORGE (1671?–1734 rear-admiral; served some years in merchant service; entered navy, 1689; lieutenant, 1694; commander and captain, 1702; on Irish station, 1702-10; In Channel, 1710-15: in Baltic, 1717, and Mediterranean, 1718-20, under Byng: knighted, 1720; commissioner of victualling office, 17211727; extra commi*sioner of navy, 1727-9: comptroller of treasurer's account, 1729-34; M.?., Queenborough, 1728; rear-admiral, 1732.
^ George Saunders (1762–1839), architect : surveyor for Middlesex; iMgiiMl extensions of British Museum, 1804; F.S.A., 1808; F.R.S.; published papers on architectural subjects. 1. S24J
^ Henry Saunders (1728–1785), schoolmaster: B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1750; curate of Walnesbury and (c. 1756) of Shenstone; usher at King Edward's School, Birmingham; master of Halesowen school, 1771, and curate of Oldbury; wrote history of Shenstone, published, 1794.
^ John Saunders (1810–1895), author ; edited William Hewitt's Living Political Reformers; formed connection with Charles Knight (1791-1873), for whom be wrote much of Old England and London: contributed to Penny Magazine articles on Chaucer, which formed basis of introduction to Canterbury Tales 1846; founded People's Journal 1846; his blank-verse tragedy,Love's Martyrdom produced by Buckstone, at Haymarket, London, 1855; published poems and several novels.
^ John Cunningham Saunders (1773–1810), ophthalmic surgeon; apprenticed as eurgeon, 1790-5; studied at St. Thomas's and Guy's hospitals, London; demonstrator in anatomy at St. Thomas's, 1797, holding the poet, with a short interval, till death; took prominent part in founding Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital; published works on the eye and ear.
^ 8AUNDERS, KATHERINE (afterwards MRS. Cooi'KRH 1841-1894), novelist: daughter of John Sannders; married the Rev. Richard Cooper, 1876: published works of fiction, 1873 93.
^ Laurence Saunders (d. 1555), martyr ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1654: B.D.; prebendary of York, 1552; rector of All Hallows, Bread Street, London, 1553; apprehended by Bonner, 1554, condemned for heresy, and burned at Coventry.
^ Margaret Saunders (. 1702–1744), actress ; played Klareit in Gibber'sLove's Last Shiftt Haymarket, London, and was tbe original Wish well in Gibber's Double Gallant 1707; at Drury Lane, London, 1708-9, again at Haymarkn, London, 1709-10, and from 1711-21 at Drury Lone: after retirement (1721) was a frtendand confidential attendant of Mrs. OldfleW. 11 3,
^ astrologer; practised astrology m ~ {moTlslMd astrological and C. 1647; BA dan
^ Richard Hcck Aunders - (17IO-17H6). phyti; studied at St. Tbomas's Hospital, London; ear. geon in Lord BanpUTs regiment, 17O-8; M.D. Mariscbal ..,,.,. LbSJ: i:.- - H ,. to hi LTN h psrrad . t U *,. Mail iniasj to MM regiment, mo; ioa. 1766-62; settled In London: F.R.C.P., 1784: physician to Middlesex Hospital. 1766-8, and to St. Thomas's, London, 1768-77.
^ Baunders TiMA8 WILLIAM (1814-18MX police magistrate: barrister. Middle Temple, Ite7 1 metropolitan police magistrate at Thames polios-court, London. 1878-90; published. Independently or In coilaboraUon, numerous legal works and compilations.
^ 8AUNDER8, WILLIAM (1743-1817), physician; M.li. Hdlnbiinrli. 176; practised in London: physician to Guy's Hospital, London, 1770-1802; F.R.C.P., 1790, and censor, 1791, 1798, 1806, and 1811: Gulstonian lecturer, 1792: Harvdan orator, 1796; F.K-B., 1791: physician to George, prince regent, 1807; first president of Royal , 1806: pnbllahed medical n.no V. I,M::,::i:.,.:.-..
^ William Baunders (18)3-1896 1 journalist and politician: opened quarries near Box tunnel, c. 1844; started Plymouth Western Morning News 1860. and 'Eastern Momlng News(Hull), 1804: started (1861) Central Press news-agency, which became Central News Agency, 1870: liberal M.P. for East Hull, 188f, and Waiworth, 1892; published political writings.
^ William Wilson Saunders (1809–1879), entomologist; educated at East India Company's academy. Addiscombe; obtained commission In engineers; in India, 1830-1; resigned commission and became underwriter at Lloyd's; F.L.8., 1833, and treasurer, 1861-73; president of Entomological Society, 1841-2 and 1866-7: F.RA, 1868; F.Z.8., 1861; president. Royal Horticultural Society; published writings on entomology and botany. ;.:;3i;
^ 8AUNDER80N, MRS. (d. 1711), actress: member of the Lincoln's Inn company: married Thomas Betterton the actor; pensioned after her husband's death by Queen Anne; her Lady Macbeth much admired by Colley Cibber
^ Saunderson or SANDERSON, NICHOLAS (1682-1739), mathematician: lost his eyes through smallpox in infancy: mathematical teacher at Cambridge, 1707; made M.A. by special patent from Queen Anne, 1711, and was elected professor of mathematics: LL.D.. 1728; F.RA, 1719; member of Spitalfields Mathematical Society (Jf. 1717-1845). His Algebra(1740) and other mathematical writings printed posthumously. 1. 331}
^ William Saurin (1767?-1839), politician ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1777; entered Lincoln's Inn; called to Irish bar, 1780; opposed the union, 1796; M.P., Blessington, 1799, continuing bis opposition to tbe union: attorney-general for Ireland, 1807-22: promoted an anti-catholic agitation, and was accordingly removed by Wellesley, 1822: resumed practice at Chancery bar, 1822; active promoter of formation of Brunswick Club, 1828; retired from practice, 1831.
^ William Sautre (d. 1401). See Sawtrey
^ Sir Arnold Savage (d. 1376), politician : served in France, 1346; warden of coasts of Lent, 1356; mayor of Bordeaux, 1359-63.
^ Sir Arnold Savage (*. 1410), speaker of tbe House of Commons; son of Sir Arnold Savage (f. 1376) ; served with John of Gaunt in Spain, 13*: constable of Queenborough, 1392-6: knight of shire for Kent, 1390; speaker of House of Commons, 1401 and 1404: formulated petitions that redress of grirvaneei should precede supply; member of council of Henry, prince oTwalee: again represented Kent, 1401; member of great council, 1404-6.
^ 8AVAOE, HENRY (1604 7-1672), divine: M.A. Balliol CollegeToxford. 10; fellow, 1618; BJX, 1617; master of Balliol, 1651-72: D.D., 1651: chaplain in ordinary to Charles II, 1660; canon of cioiu-ot.-r. 1C65: oblished theolojrtcal works and an historical volume relating to Balliol College (1668).
^ James Savage (1767–1845), antiquary; in lm-ineai with his brother, William Savage (1770-1843), as printer and bookseller at Howden, 1790; went to London, 1803; assistant-librarian to London Institution, 1806; subsequently edited Dorset County Chronicle: Dublinhed antiquarian works relating to Somerset, Dorset, and Yorkshire. d- 337
^ James Savage (1779–1852), architect; studiel at Royal Academy: exhibited between 1799 and 1832; designed Ormond Bridge (1805) and Richmond Bridge (1808) over Llffey, Dublin; architect to Society of Middle Temple, 1830: F.R.I.B.A.: published Observations on Styles in Architecture 1836.
^ Sir John Savage (d. 1492), politician and soldier; brother of Thomas Savage (d. 1507): K.B., 1465: mayor of Chester, 1484 and 1485; fought for Henry of Richmond at Bosworth, and on Richmond's accession as Henry VII received large grants of land; K.G., 1488; killed at siege of Boulogne.
^ John Savage (d. 1586), Roman catholic conspirator; served with Duke of Parma in Low Countries; joined conspiracy of John Ballard and Babington for murder of Queen Elizabeth and release of Mary Queen of Scots, 1586; one of six nominated to assassinate Queen Elixabeth; arrested and hanged.
^ John Savage (fl. 1690–1700), engraver and printseller in London; executed portraits of several eminent persons of his day, including the Antipapists
^ John Savage (1673-1 747), divine; of Westminster School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A., 1698; BJ). and D.D. Christ Church, Oxford, 1707: held livings of Bigrave, 1701-8, and Clothall, 1708-47; published historical and other works, besides translations from French, Spanish, and Latin.
^ John Savage (1828–1888), Irish poet; studied at art schools of Royal Dublin Society: joined revolutionary clubs in Dublin: proprietor of Irish Tribune; took part in rising in south: fled to New York, 1848; literary editor of Irish Citizen New York, 1854; editor, 1857, and, later, proprietor of 4 The States, Washington; Fenian agent in Paris, 1868; published poetical and historical works.
^ Sir John Boscawen Savage (1760–1843), major-general; ensign, 1762; lieutenant of marines, 1777; captain, 1793: in actions off L'Oricnt, St. Vincent, and at Nile; at Copenhagen, 1801; lieutenant-colonel of marines, 1816; K.C.H., 1833; K.C.B., 1839; major-general, 1837.
^ Marmion Savage W. (1803–1872), novelist ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1824; held position under Irish government in Dublin; editor of Examiner London; published novels..
^ Richard Savage , fourth EARL RIVERS (1660?1713), general; MJ., Wigan, 1681; lieutenant in fourth troop of horse-guards, 1686; joined William of Orange on his landing: member for Liverpool In Convention parliament; fought in attack on Cork, 1690; accompanied William III to Flanders, 1691 and 1692; received command of third troop of horse-guards, 1692; major-general, 1693; succeeded to earldom, 1694; lieutenant-general in Flanders, 1702; commanded force which was intended to proceed to France, but which subsequently proceeded to Lisbon, 1706-7; returned home, 1708: general of horse, 1708; constable of Tower of London, 1709; plenipotentiary to elector of Hanover, 1710; master of ordnance and colonel of blues, 1711; intimate with Swift and with Barley's circle 1; member of the Saturday Club.
^ Richard Savage (d. 1743), poet ; probably of humble birth, but claimed to be illegitimate son of Richard Savage, fourth earl Rivers, by Anne, daughter of Sr Richard Mason, and wife of Charles Gerard, second earl of Macclwfldd, who treated him with marked hostility; turned to literature for livdihood; gained friendship of Wilks the comedian, and of Kteele, by his comedy,Love in a Veil acted at Drury Lane, London, 1718: played, at Drnry Lane, London, title-role in his tragedy, Sir Thomas Overbury, 1 1723: the story of Us birth published by Aaron Hill in the Plain Dealer 1724; condemned to death for killiiiG: a gentleman in a tavern, 1727, but pardoned, 1728; published works iir verse (including The Bastard 1728) and prose relating to story of his birth, but agreed to abstain from further attacks on receipt of pension from Lord Tyrconnel, Mrs. Brett's nephew; published, 1729, The Wanderer which he considered his masterpiece; applied, unsuccessfully, for post of poet laureate, 1730, but obtained pension from Queen Caroline on condition of celebrating her birthday annually with an ode, and assumed title of volunteer laureate made acquaintance of Dr. Johnson, c. 1737; subsequently lived in great poverty, and died at Bristol. A complete edition of his works was published, 1776.
^ Savage Sm ROLAND (d. 1519), lord of Lecale, co. Down; seneschal of Ulster, 1482; deprived of estates as rebel, c. 1515.
^ Samuel Morton Savage (1721–1791), divine: appointed by trustees of William Coward (d. 1738) assistant-tutor in natural science and classics at Fund Academy, London, 1744; pastor (1757-87) to independent congregation at Duke's Place, St. Mary Axe, London; hdil divinity chair at the academy (then removed to Hoxton Square), London, 1762-85; published sermons.
^ Thomas Savage (d. 1507), archbishop of York ; brother of Sir John Savage (d. 1492); LL.D. Cambridge; chaplain to Henry VII, 1485: concluded treaty of Medina del Campo, 1488; represented England at Boulogne conference, 1490; bishop of Rochester, 1492-6, and London, 1496-1501; archbishop of York, 1501-7.
^ Thomas Savage (fl. 1620), colonist : went to Virginia with Captain Christopher Newport, 1608: Indian interpreter to Virginia Company.
^ Thomas Savage (1608–1682), major : apprenticed to Merchant Taylors, London, 1621; went with Sir Harry Vane to Massachusetts, 1635; freeman of Boston, 1636; founded, with William Coddington Lq. v., settlement of Rhode island, 1638; captain of artillery company, Boston. 1651; represented Boston at general court, 1654: several times speaker of assembly; commanded state forces against Philip, chief of the Narragansets, 1675.
^ William Savage (d. 1736), divine: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1693; D.D., 1717; master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1719-36; vice-chancellor of Cambridge, 1724; incumbent of St. Aune's, Blackfriar.*, London, 1720.
^ William Savage (1770–1843), printer and bookseller; in business at Howdeii, 1790-7; brother of James Savage (1767-1845); printer to Royal Institution, London, c. 1799: began business as printer in London, 1803; published Dictionary of Art of Printing 1840-1.
^ Savaric (d. 1205), divine : treasurer of Sarnm, 1180; with Richard I on crusade; elected bishop of Bath in his absence, and consecrated at Rome, 1192; engaged in negotiations with the emperor Henry VI for Richard I's release, 1193, and present at conclusion of treaty at Worms; appointed by the emperor Henry VI chancellor of Burgundy, 1194: obtained from Pope (destine III privilege declaring Qlastonbury united to Bath, with equal rights as cathedral church, 1195; on appeal of monks of ! Glastonbury procured second privilege from Pope Celestine III, 1196, and obtained possession of abbey of GlastonI bury, 1197, but was deprived by Richard 1, 1198; obtained I King John's consent again to take possession, 1199, the union of the churches being confirmed by Pope Innocent III, 1200; granted charter to city of Wells, 1201.
^ 8AVEKY, THOMAS (1650 9-171 5), military engineer: patented invention for rowing vessels by means of paddlewheels, 1696, and machine for raising water, embodying I practical application of steam-power, 1698; captain of egineers, 1702; surveyor to waterworks at Hampton Court, i 1714; published accounts of his inventions.
^ Bourchier Wrey Savile (1817–1888), divine; of Westminster and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: M.A., 1842; rector of Dunchideook-with-Shillingford St. George, i 1872-88; discredited the belief in the Jewish origin of the English people, 1880; published theological works.
^ Sir George Savile , MARQUIS OF HAi.iK.x(1633–1695), son of Sir William Savile of Thornhill (d. 1644), royalist governor successively of Sheffield and York, and Anne, daughter of Thomas Coventry, first baron Coventry , who subsequently remarried Sir Thomas Chicheley ; M.P. for Pontefract in Convention, 1660; captain of Prinoe Rupert's bam, 1667; created Baron SavUe of Eland and Viscount Halifax, 1668; oommiarionar of trade, 1669; privy councillor, 1671; MO* OB mlarion to Louis XIV, 1672: opposed Tert Aote; created Hart of Halifax, 1679: opposed bill for exclusion of Jaroei from succession, 1679; opposed also execution of Stafford, 1679; in BBaWinlialiiin with William of Orange; elevated to rank of marquis, 1683; lord privy seal, 1682-4; circulate! in manuscript hi* pamphlet,Character of a Trimmer (printed, with title inscribedBy the Honourable Sir W 1688). in which he urged Charles II to free himself from the influence of bis brother in * of obtaining succession of Monmouth, president of 1685; opposed repeal of Tot and Habeas Corpus AcU; was dismissed from council, 1686; framed petition to Jamai i! taMattfif HDniMDfa* at tnt j.,:..:,..t.:.n.i Ofcabe*,.f BOOM onthoHoi Cm aatoa, Utt; Ml to James II, with Oodolphln and Nottingham, to try and arrange compromise with William of Orange; presided over council of lords which provided for safety of London: chairman of meeting of peers who requested William of Orange to undertake provisional government and summon Convention; chosen regular speaker of peers on meeting of Convention, 1689; requested Prinoe and Princess of Orange to accept crown; lord privy seal, 1689-90: struck off council a* persistent absentee, 1692. His pamphlet* were collected, 1700.
^ Savile Sm GEORGE, eighth baronet (1726–1784), politician; served as captain against rebels, 1745; M.A. and LL.D. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1749; M.P., Yorkshire, 1759-83; successfully introduced Nullum Tempo* Bill, 1768; made several unsuccessful effort* from 1771 to bring in a bill to secure rights of elector*; supported, in a remarkable speech, clerical petition for relief from subscription to Thirty-nine Articles, 1772: supported resistance of the American colonies. 1775: successfully brought in bill for relief of Roman catholics from certain obsolete penalties and disabilities, 1778, and in consequence was subjected to attacks of Gordon rioters, 1780; presented petition for economical reforms, 1779: unsuccessfully introduced bill to secure protestant religion from popish encroachments: moved, unsuccessfully, for select committee of inquiry on occasion of North's loan; resigned seat from lll-henfth, 1783; F.R.8.; vice-president of Society of Arts. Some of his letters on political subjects were printed posthumously. 8AVILB, Sm HENRY (1549-1622), scholar; matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford, 1561; fellow of Merton College, 1565: M.A., 1570; lectured in mathematics: for brief period resident for Queen Elizabeth in Low Countries; tutor In Greek to Queen Elizabeth; warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1585-1623; translatedHistoric* of Tacitus 1591; secretary of Latin tongue to Queen Elizabeth: held in eomnumdam deanery of Carlisle, 1595: provost of Eton (retaining wardenship of Merton College), 1596: knighted, 1604; one of scholars commissioned to prepare authorised translation of bible; published edition of St. Chrysostmn, 1610-13, printed by the king's printer; published edition of Xenophon's Cyropmdia 1613: assisted Bodley in founding his library; founded Savile professorships of geometry and astronomy at Oxford; left manuscript*, now In Bodleian Library.
^ Sir Henry Savile, first baronet (1579–1632), son of Sir John Savile ( 1545-1607): studied at Merton College, Oxford, and Middle Temple; knighted, 1603; created baronet, 1611; M.P., Aldborougb, 1604-11 and 1614; vice-president of council of north before 1627.
^ Henry Savile (1642–1687), diplomatist: gentletnan of bedchamber to Duke of York, 1665: took part In fights with Dutch off North Foreland, 1666, and in Burlington Bay (of which he wrote an account), 1672: envoy extraordinary to Louis XIV: groom of chamber to Charles II: M J?., Newark, 1677; envoy In Paris, 1679-82: rice-chamberlain, 1680; commissioner of admiralty, 16821684; re-appointed vice-chamberlain by James II, holding office till 1687. His correspondence was published, 1858.
^ Jeremiah Savile (. 1651). musician: taught music in London during Commonwealth; composed partsong The Waits first published, 1667.
^ Sir John Savile (1545–1607), judge: brother of Henry Savile
^ John Savile , flrrt BARON SAVILe of PONTEFRACT ( 1666-1630 X politician; M.P., Lincolnshire, I486: sheriff of Lincolnshire, 1400; knight of shire for York. 1697. 1614, 1624, and 1424; e*tt* rtf mlerum of West RMln* of Yorkshire: ejected from office. 1616. but appointed. 1626: privy councillor.; comptroller of hoasehota,14271410; created Baron SavUe, 1427. tTl72
^ John Savile , first Baron Savile of Rufford (1818-1896), diplomatist: clerk in librarian's department at foreign office, 1841: attache at Berlin, 184TT transferred to St. Petersburg, 1849; secretary of legation at Washington, 1864; at Madrid, 1868; at Constantinople, and later at St. envoy to king of Saxony, 1864: transferred to r. 1869: British minister in Rome and 1883; retired from service, 1888, and wai raised to peerage; G.C.B., 1885; collected pictures and antiquities.
^ Thomas Savile (,. 1593), antiquary ; brother of Sir Henry Savile ( 1549-1622); M.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1586: fellow, 1580; proctor, 1692: wrote letter* on British antiquities, printed posthumously.
^ Thomas Savile , first Viscount Savile of Castlebar in Irish peerage, second BARON SAVILE of Pontefract and first EARL of Sussex in KnglUh peerage (15907-16587), son of John SavUe, first baron Savlle of Pontefract q. v.1; member of Inner Tempi*. 1610; knighted, 1617; M.P.. Yorkshire, 1624; joint steward and warden of forest of Gualtres and gentleman of privy chamber to Charles 1, 1626; elected member for York, 1628, but unseated on petition; created Viscount Savile, 162H; promised assistance to Scott Uh invading army, and sent letter signed by himself and with forged signatures of Bedford, Essex. Brooke, Warwick, Scrape, and.Vaudeville (forgery condoned on plea that be acted on patriotic grounds): privy councillor, 1611; lord president of council of north and lord-lieutenant of Yorkshire; commissioner of regency, 1641; treasurer of household, 1641: prevented presentation of anti-royalist petition by people of Yorkshire, 1642, and was declared Incapable of sitting in parliament: vindicated his conduct to parliament, and was promised protection: Imprisoned in Newark Castle by royalist general, Newcastle: defended himself to diaries I and was pardoned, 1643: created Earl of Sussex, 1644; was Impeached of treason to Charles I. 1646, and succeeded in joining parUamcntarianss took covenant, 1646; died In retirement.
^ William Savile, second Marquis of Halifax (1665-1700), son of George Savile, first marquis of Halifax , by Dorothy, daughter of Henry Spencer, first Earl of Sunderland; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1681; M.P., Newark, 1689-96.
^ Vincentio Saviolo (fl. 1595) writer on fencing; born at Padua; entered service of Earl of Essex; published, 1596, Practise, a work on fencing with which Shakespeare was familiar.
^ Laurence William of Bavona (.*. 1486). Franciscan of London: D.D. Cambridge; published Margarita Eloquentiae 1480.
^ Sir William Scovell Savory, first baronet (1826-1895), surgeon; studied at Bt Bartholomew's Hospital, London: M.R.C.P. 1847; M.B. London, 1848; lecturer on general anatomy and surgery, St. Bartholomew's, 1869; surgeon, 1867-91: governor of the hospital 1891; lecturer on surgery, 1869-89; F.R.C.S., 1862, member of council, 1877, and president, 1885-9; Hunterian professor of comparative anatomy and physiology, 1849-41; Bradsbaw lecturer, 1884; opposed Lister's antiseptic method of surgery, 1879; surgeon extraordinary to Quern Victoria, 1887; created baronet, 1890; FJL&, 1848; published surgical work*.
^ Boniface of Savoy (* 1270)
^ Peter of Savoy, Earl of Richmond (*. 1M8).
^ John Bawbridob (1732?–1796), lord mayor of London- M.I. Hytlu-. 17J: helped to form society known a* Supporters of Bill of Rights; sheriff of London and alderman of ward of Laugbourn, 1768; lord mayor, if LonTl775; M.P., London, 1774, 1780, 1784, and -u
^ Solomon Sawrey (1765–1825), surgeon; member of Corporation of Surgeons, 1796; demonstrator to Andrcwl CanhaU M.D. (1742-1813) under whom he had studied; published surgical works. (.1. 380
^ James Sawtrey or Sawtre (fl. 1541), protestant writer; published Defence of Marriage of Prelates, 1541.
^ William Sawtrey (d. 1401), lollard; charged with heresies before Bishop Henry le Despenser, 1399 probably implicated in rising of Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1400; attached to St. Osyth's, London, 1401; condemned by Archbishop Thomas Arundel on various charges of heresy, and burnt at Smithfleld, being first victim of statute De Haeretico Comburendo.
^ Edmund Sawyer (d. 1759), master of chancery; member of Inner Temple and (1718) of Lincoln's Inn; master in Chancery, 1738; compiled Memorials collected from papers of Sir R. Winwood, 1725.
^ Herbert Sawyer (1731?–1798), admiral; entered navy, 1747; lieutenant, 1756; captain, 1759; served on coast of Prance; in West Indies, 1778-9; at relief of Gibraltar, 1781: commodore and commander-in-chief at Halifax; admiral, 1795.
^ Sih Robert Sawyer (1633–1692), lawyer; 4 chamber fellow with Samuel Pepys at Magdalene College, Cambridge; first Craven scholar, 1649; Dennis fellow, 1654; M.A. and incorporated at Oxford, 1655; barrister, Inner Temple, and treasurer, 1683-8; M.P., Chipping Wycombe, 1673; knighted, 1677; speaker, AprilMay, 1678; assisted in drafting Exclusion Bill; attorneygeneral, 1681; represented crown on second occasion on which the case against city of London charter was argued, 1682; conducted Rye House plot prosecutions, 1683-4: appeared against Algernon Sidney, 1683, and against Titus Gates, 1685; obtained conviction of Sir Thomas Armstrong, 1684; senior counsel for the seven bishops, 1688: member for Cambridge University in Convention parliament, 1689; attacked for his conduct in case of Sir Thomas Armstrong and expelled from house, 1690, but was again returned for Cambridge later in year.
^ Henry Linckmyer Baxby (1836–1873), physician: studied at Edinburgh: M.D. St. Andrews, 1862; practised at Unst, 1863-71; published writings on ornithology,
^ Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1844–1900). See Alfred Ernest Albert .
^ James Saxon (d. 1817?), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy between 1795 and 1817; practised in St. Petersburg after 1810; painted portrait of Sir Walter Scott, 1805.
^ Duchess of Saxony (1156-1189).
^ Sir Charles Saxton (1732–1808), navy captain; entered navy, 1745; lieutenant; in East Indies, c. 1753-1760; captain, 1762; in West Indies, 1780; in action off Chesapeake, 1781; in Jamaica, 1782-3; commissioner of navy at Portsmouth, 1789; created baronet, 1794.
^ Christopher Saxton (fl. 1670–1596), topographical draughtsman; educated at Cambridge; surveyed and drew maps of every county in England and Wales, published, 1579.
^ Saxulf or SEXUTJLFT7S (d. 691?), Mercian divine; probably builder and first abbot of monastery of Medethamrtede (Peterborough): bishop of Mercia, c. 671 till 679. when Mercian diocese was divided into five xeafli, of which he perhaps took mid-Anglia.
^ Frederick Richard Bay (ft. 1826–1858), porter: 80tl of wim m Say (1768-1834); at Royal Academy, ISJfr.
^ Geoffrey de Say, Baron de Say (1305?–1359 -..diid baron by writ; served against Scots, 1327; at. tended tournament at Duns table, 1333; captain and uiliniml of the fleet from Thames westward, 1336; in Flanders, 1338; constable of Rochester Castle, 1366.
^ Sir John Say (d. 1478), politician; M.P., Cambridge, 1447 and 1449; speaker of House of Commons, 1449; Indicted of treason after Cade's rebellion, 1450, but acquitted; M.P., Herefordshire, 1463, 1455, 1463, and 1467; speaker, 1463-5 and 1467-8; K.B., 1465.
^ Samuel Say (1676–1743), dissenting minister; co-pastor with Samuel Baxter at Ipswich, 1726; pastor of congregation at Long Ditch (Princes Street), Westminster, 1734-43; poetical and other writings by him were published posthumously.
^ William Say (1604–1665?), regicide; B.A. UnU versity College, Oxford, 1623; entered Middle Temple, 1631; bencher, 1654; supported parliamentarians; M.P. for Camelford in Long parliament, 1647; signed Charles I's death-warrant; member of committee of safety, 1659; was exempted from act of indemnity, 1660, and fled to continent.
^ William Say (1768–1834), mezzotint engraver; pupil of James Ward (1769-1859); executed some engravings for Turner's Liber Studiorum; engraver to Duke of Gloucester, 1807.
^ Saye and Sele, first Viscount (1582–1662). See William Fiennes.
^ Saye or Say and Sele, Baron (d. 1450). See James Fiennes.
^ Augustin Sayer (1790–1861), physician ; B.A., 1811, and M.A., 1813 (university unknown); M.D. Leyden, 1815; F.R.C.P., 1843; president, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1840; physician to Duke of Kent; physician to Lock Hospital and Asylum; published works relating to sanitary reform.
^ Robert Sayer or Seare, in religion Gregory (1560-1602), Benedictine; B.A. Peterhonse, Cambridge, 1581; studied at college of Douay (then temporarily at Rheims) and at English College, Rome; Benedictine monk, 1588, at Monte Cassino, where he became professor of moral philosophy; at monastery of St. George, Venice, 1595-1602; published theological works.
^ Frank Sayers (1763–1817), poet; studied surgery under John Hunter in London and medicine and science at Edinburgh; M.D. Hardervyck; abandoned medicine for literature; lived at Norwich; works include Dramatic Sketches of Northern Mythology 1790.
^ James Sayers or Sayer (1748–1823), caricaturist; articled as attorney at Yarmouth; worked from c. 1780 as political caricaturist in London, supporting Pitt against Fox; appointed marshal of court of exchequer when Pitt succeeded to office.
^ Tom Bayers (1826–1865), pugilist; bricklayer at Brighton, and (1848) in London; began pugilistic career, 1849, when he beat Crouch at Greenhithe; beaten by Nat Langham, 1853; won champion's belt, 1857; his last fight was with the American John O. Heenan (the Benicia Boy), at Farnborough, 1860, the result being declared a draw.
^ William Sayle (d. 1671), colonist; councillor in the Bermudas, 1630; governor, 1641-2 and 1643; reappointed with two colleagues, 1644; again governor, 16581662; governor of Charlestown, the nucleus of South Carolina, 1670.
^ William Saywell (1643–1701), divine: fellow, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1666: M.A., 1667; incorporated at Oxford, 1669; D.D.; prebendary of Ely and master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1679-1701: chancellor of diocese of Chichester, 1672-1701; archdeacon of Ely, 1681-1701; published Latin verse and controversial treatises.
^ John de Scalby, Scalleby, or Schalby (d. 1333), registrar and canon of Lincoln Cathedral.
^ Baron Scales (1442?–1483). See Anthony Woodville, second Earl Rivers.
^ Thomas de Scales , MTeuth Baron Scales (13'jwv M.;o), served under John of Lancaster dukTof Bedford, In French war., 1421: KTuS; captain f M J un,,1, ivuvrou; sent to Brittany Bedford to aid John V against Alen v on, U31: seueicbal ofNoE maudy, c. 1434; took part in captw rfMx andE defeat of Richemont before against Jack Cade and oomnwndBdln flIht?nLo3 Bridge 1450; took side of IcTSian. !edff fence of Tower of London, 1460, and was murdered while going to seek sanctuary at Westminster.... IN;
^ Edmund Scambler (15W-1594), bishop of Norwich; educated at Peterhouse, Queens and Jesus colleges, Cambridge; B.A., 1542; D.D., 1564; incorporated at Oxford, 1584; chaplain to Archbb-hop Parker, 1558: prebendary of York and Canon of Westminster, 1580; bishop of Peterborough, 1561-84, and of Norwich, 1584-94 assisted in translation of Bishops Bible; published religious writings.
^ Stephen Scandrett or Scanderet( 1631?-1706), puritan divine: M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1659; incorporated at Cambridge, 1659 and became 'conduct' of Trinity College, Cambridge expelled from office, 1660; received presbyterian ordination; published theological writings.
^ Earl of Scarborough (d. 1781). See Richard Lumley.
^ Sir Charles Scarburoh ( 1616–1894), physician of St. Paul's School, London, and Caius College, CambridgeM.A. aud fellow, 1640; ejected during great rebellion M.D. Merton College, Oxford, 1646; Incorporated M.D* Cambridge, 1660; F.K.C.P. London, 1650; censor, 1656 1664, and 1665; Lumleian lecturer, 1656; anatomical reader to Barber Surgeons Company, 1649; original F.RjJ physician to Charles II, 1660, aud subsequently to James II, Queen Mary, and Prince George of Denmark; knighted, 1669; published a work on dissection, and left mathematical manuscripts.
^ Robert De Scardeburq (yf. 1S41), chief- justice of common pleas in Ireland, 1331-4; judge of king's bench in England, 1334-9 aud 1341-4, and of common 1339-41.
^ William Pitt Scargill (1787–1836), divine ; minister of Churchgate Street Chapel, Bury St. Edmunds, 1812-32; joined established church, 1832, and made precarious living as author; published tales and other writings.
^ Edward Scarisbrick (1639–1709). See Edward Neville
^ John de Scarle (. 1403?), divine; clerk in chancery, 1378 and 1397; prebendary of Aberguylly, 1379; keeper of rolls, 1394-7; chancellor, 1399-1401; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1401.
^ James Scarlett, first Baron Abinger (1769-1844), born in Jamaica; entered Inner Temple, 1785; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1789; barrister, Inner Temple, 1791; K.C. and bencher, 1816; M.A., 1794; whig M.P. for Peterborough, 1819, 1880-2, and 1883-80; on committee to inquire into laws relating to capital punishment in felonies; knighted and appointed attorney=general in Canning's ministry, 1827-8, and in Wellington's, 1829-30; successfully brought in bill for improving administration of justice, 1830; M.P., Malton, 1830; opposed Reform Bill, 1831; tory M.P. for Cockermouth, 1831, and for Norwich, 1832; privy councillor, serjeantat-law, and chief baron of exchequer, 1834; created Baron Abinger of Abinger in Surrey and of city of Norwich and LL.D. Cambridge, 1835. Several of his speeches were published.
^ Sir James Yorkr Scarlett (1799–187) general; son of James Scarlett, first baron Abinger 1. v; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; : 1818; 18; major, 5th dragoon guards, 1830; conservative M.P. for Guildford, 1836-41; commanded bis regiment, 1840-54; appointed to command of heavy brigade in Turkey, 1854; went to SebastopoL. September 1854; led charge of heavy brigade at Balaclava, 85 Oct. 1854; major-general; K.C.B., 1855; proceeded to England, 1855, but was appointed to command entire British cavalry in Crimea and returned; at conclusion of war commanded cavalry la AUenbot district tSSSSKLtfSEtt&lS*
^ Kl Scarlett (1753-1802JX ifcMM,: M.r,:.... i riant lobool gtfjaattsF -* I-:.,n 1.- l.!... l:. -,.!. fM RL1 tEtOOMd Tn,nt stantinople, 18S5, and at Paris, 18S8; C.B. and secretary of legation at Florence, 1854; envoy extraordinary at Hio Janeiro, 1855; minister at Ftorenoe;i8*8-0; envoy extraordinary at Athena, Ittt, and in Mexico, 18*4-7.
^ Robert Scarlett (1499?–1594 X known' alold Scarlett; sexton at Peterborough Cathedral before 1535 till 1594: a portrait of him is Si thVcathedraL
^ 8CARTH. ALICE MARY ELIZABETH ( 1 848-1 88* X author; daughter of Harry Mengden Brarth
^ Harry Mbngden Bcarth (1814-18*)), antiquary; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1841: incorporated at Oxford, 1848: held livings in Somerset; DW bendary of Wells, 1848; rural dean of PorUahead, c. 1880; published antiquarian writings.
^ 8CATCHERD, NORRISSON CAVENDISH (17801853 X antiquary: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1806; F.8.A., 1851; published antiquarian writings.
^ Antony Scattergood (1611-1687), divine; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1631; chaplain at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1637-40; rector of Winwick, 16411687; canon of Lincoln, 1641; chaplain and librarian to bishop of Lincoln; D.D. Cambridge, 166S: prebendary of Lichfield, 1664-88; D.D. Oxford, 1669; published biblical criticism, and added many references to a folio bible printed at Cambridge, 1678.
^ Samuel Scatteroood (1646–1696), divine; son of Antony Scattergood; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1665; M.A. and fellow, and inoorpo Oxford, Ware. 1688, posthumously.
^ John de Schalby (d. 1333).
^ 8CHALCH, ANDREW ( 1692- 1776 X master-founder; born at Schaffhausen; employe! in cannon foundry at Douay; came to England; master-founder of the Warren (afterwards the Araaial), Woolwich, 1716-76.
^ John Bohavck ( 1740–1823 X admiral: navy as seaman, 1758; lieutenant, 1776; in charge of naval establishment at St. John, Canada; attached to Burgoyue's army, 1777: captain, 1783; successfully submitted to admiralty scheme for boat with sliding keel: superintendent of coast defence; vice-admiral, 1810; admiral, 18S1.
^ George Scharf ( 1788–1860 X draughtsman and lithographer; born at Mainburg, Bavaria; studied at Munich; joined English army, 1814, and was at Waterloo; went to London. 1816, and practised as lithographer and painter: exhibited at Royal Academy from 1817.
^ Sir George Scharf (1880–1895), writer on art ; son of George Scharf: educated at University College School, London: studied at Royal Academy: accompanied Sir Charles Fellows to Asia Minor, 1840; draughtsman to government expedition to Asia Minor, c. 1843: devoted himself to illustration of boob*, including Dr. Smith's classical dictionaries: assisted Charles Kean in and costumes in his Shakespearean revivals, 1851 1857; art lecturer at Queen's College, Harley Street, Loudon; art secretary to Manchester exhibition, 18f 7; first secretary of National Portrait Gallery, 1857; received title of director, 18; F.S.A., 1852; C.&, 1885: retired and was made K.C.B., 1895; wrote extensively on subject of portraiture.
^ George Bcharpb (d. 1638) pbyaloian : bora la Scotland; studied medicine at MontpeUkr, graduated, 1607, and was professor of medicine, 1619: vicechancellor of the faculty, 1632; professor of nittiione:it Bologna, 1634; published medical writings.
^ Sir Luke Schaub (d. 1758), diplomatist; in charge of English embassy at Vienna, 1715; attached to Knulish minion at Copenhagen, 1716; private secretary to James, afterwards first earl Stanhope, 1717; English agent at Madrid, 1718: knighted, 1720; English ambassador at Paris, 1731-4; intimate with George II.
^ 8CHAW, WILLIAM (1560-1602), architect;master of works * in household of James VI, whom he accompanied in Denmark, 1589-90; did much to develop freemasonry In Scotland; executed repairs at many Scottish 55? tL41S
^ William Bchaw (1714?-1757), physician: M.D. Edinburgh, 1735, and Cambridge, 1753; F.R.C.P. London, 1754: published medical writings.
^ Peter Scheemaxers (1691–1770), sculptor: born at Antwerp; with Laurent Delvaux worked for Francis Bird in London; in Home, 1728-35; practised in London from 1735-69. Many of his works are in Westminster Abbey.
^ Thomas Bcheemakers (1740–1808), sculptor ; son of Peter Scheemakers; exhibited at Royal Academy between 1765 and 1804.
^ John Alexander Schetky (1785–1824), amateur painter in water-colours; served in Portugal as assistant-surgeon in 3rd dragoon guard?; surgeon on Portuguese staff, 1812: member of Associated Painters in Water-colours: deputy-inspector of hospitals on west coast of Africa, 1823.
^ 8CHETKY. JOHN CHRISTIAN (1778-1874), marine painter; brother of John Alexander Schetky; educated at high school, Edinburgh; studied drawing under Alexander Naamyth: exhibited at Royal Academy between 1805 and 1872; junior professor of civil drawing at Royal Military College, Great Marlow, 18081811; professor of drawing in Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, 1811-36, and at military college, Addiscombe, 1836-55; marine painter in ordinary to George IV and William IV and, from 1844, to Queen Victoria.
^ John Gaspar Scheutzer (1702–1729), physician; born in Switzerland; graduate! at Zurich, 1722; came to England; F.R.S., 1724; L.R.C.P., 1725; created M.D. Cambridge, 1728; published work on smallpox.
^ William Schevez or Schivez (d. 1497), archbishop of St. Andrews; studied at Louvain; master of hospital of St. Mary of Brechin; archdeacon of St. Andrews, 1459; coadjutor of St. Andrew? 1477; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1478; frequently employed on political missions: joined conspiracy of nobles against James III, and retained power under new king.
^ Luigi Schiavonetti (1765–1810), line-engraver ; born at Bassano, Italy; came to England, 1790; was assisted by Bartolozri, and subsequently practised independently.
^ Niccolò Schiavonetti (1771-1813), engraver; brother of Luigi Scbiavonetti, whom he assisted.
^ Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck (1778-1856), author; daughter of Samuel Galton and his wife Lucy Barclay (d. 1817); married Lambert Schimmelpenninck of Bristol, 1806; published miscellaneous works, including (1822) a sketch of the modern history of the Moravians, which sect she had joined, 1818.
^ John of Schipton (d. 1267). '
^ Bernard Schmidt (1630?-1708). See Smith.
^ Leonhard Bchmitz (1807–1890), scholar: born at Eupen, near Aix-la-Chapelle: studied at Bonn; Ph.D., 1841: awisted in founding (c. 1843) Classical Museum quarterly, which he conducted till 1849; published translation of Niebuhr's Lectures on History of Rome 1844; rector of high school, Edinburgh, 1845-66: tutor lwird, prinoe of Wale8 1869 and Duke of 1862-3; principal of London International College, Isleworth, 1866-74; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1849, and MUiburgh, 1886; translated learned works from English into German and from German into English.
^ Jacob Schnebbelie (1760–1792), topographical dr!iu-_'htin:ui: confectioner successively at Canterbury mill Hammersmith: became drawing-master; draughtsman to Society of Antiquaries; produced many topographical drawings.
^ Robert Bremmel Schnebbzlie (d. 1849?), topographical artist; sou of Jacob Schuebbelie; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1803-21.
^ James Scholefield (1789 - 1853), classical scholar; of Christ's Hospital, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge; fellow, 1815-27; M.A., 1816; perpetual curate of St. Michael's, Cambridge, 1823; regius professor of Greek, 1825-53; published collected works of Peter Paul Dobree, 1831-5; canon of Ely, 1849; published religious and classical works, including an edition of Person's Four Tragedies of Euripides 1 826; commemorated by the Scholefield theological prize founded at Cambridge, 1856.
^ Joshua Scholefield (1744–1844), banker and merchant at Birmingham; radical M.P. for Birmingham, 1832, 1835, 1837, and 1841.
^ William Scholefield (1809–1867), politician; son of Joshua Scholefield; first mayor of Birmingham, 1838; radical M.P. for Birmingham, 1847, 1852, and 1857-67.
^ James Christopher Scholes (1852–1890), antiquary; author of a History of Boltou issued 1892.
^ Schomberg Sm ALEXANDER (1720 - 1804), navy captain; son of Meyer Low Schomberg; I entered navy, 1743; captain, 1757; served at Louisbourg, and (1759) at capture of Quebec; took part in reduction of Belle-isle. 1761; served off Brest and in Bay of ! Biscay, 1761-3: commander of Dorset yacht attached to i lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1771-1804; knighted, 1777.
^ Alexander Orowcher Schomberg (1756–1792), author; son of Raphael Schomberg; of Winchester College and Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A., 1781; probationer fellow, 1782; senior dean ol arts, 1791; published poetical writings and treatises on jurisprudence.
^ Alexander Wilmot Schomberg (1774–1850), admiral; son of Sir Alexander Schomberg; lieutenant, 1793; captain, 1801; rear-admiral, 1830; admiral, 1849; published work on shipbuilding.
^ Charles Schomberg , second DUKE OF SCHOMBerg (1645–1693), son of Frederick Herman, first duke of Schomberg, with whom he served as lieutenant-colonel in Roussillon, 1674; served under Crequi in war against Holland; joined service of elector of Brandenburg, and was major-general of infantry and governor of Magdeburg; attended his father in England, 1688; succeeded his father (by limitation), 1690; lieutenant-general in Savoy, 1691; conducted expedition into Dauphine, 1692; died of wounds received at Marsaglia.
^ Sir Charles Marsh Schomberg (1779–1835), commodore; lieutenant, 1795; flag-lieutenant to George Keith Elphinstone, viscount Keith, in Egyptian campaign, 1800-1; commander, 1802; captain, 1803; at Malta, I 1803-7; senior officer at Mauritius, 1810-13; C.B., 1815, in Mediterranean, 1820-4; commodore and commanderi in-chief at Cape of Good Hope, 1828-32; nominated K.C.H. and knighted, 1832; lieutenant-governor of Dominica.
^ Schomberg or SCHONBERG. FREDERICK, Duke of Schomberg ( 1615–1690), born at Heidelberg; his mother, Anne, daughter of Edward Button, ninth lord Dudley; studied at Sedan, Paris, and Ley den; volunteer in army of Frederick Henry, prince of Orange, 1633; served with Swedish army in Germany under Bern hard of Weimar, 1634; under Rantzau in Franche-Comte, 1636, and in Holstein and East Friesland, i 1637; lieutenant in service of Frederick Henry, 1639; at ! capture of Gennep, 1641: served under Prince de Tarente ! in Holland, 1645; first gentleman of chamber to William II of Orange; captain in Scottish guards in French army, with rank of marechal-de-camp, 1652-4; raised infantry i regiment in Germany, and was lieutenant-general, 1655; governor of St. Guislain, 1655; surrendered to Spaniards, 1657; captured and became governor of Bourbourg, 1C57; at battle of the Dunes, 1658; 1658; mari-chal-de-camp iu 1ort it general of forces in province of Alemtejo. 1660: hi England, io.;n, and created by Charles II baron of Tetford; MTTSdagains* Don John, 1660-8; defeated Don John at Alm.-i:ilor K-trernus, 1663, and received chief command and titl- of count of Mertola; defeated Don John at luros, and later Prince of Parma and Marquis of Caraceua on the Cebora, 166*; went to RocheUe after peace !,,T.vr. Spain and Portugal, 1668, mod resided at Ooubert in France, 1668-71; came to England, 1673, and entered services as commander under Prince Rupert; returned to Coubert, 1673, and commanded army between Sambre and Meuse: received rank of due: com mander-in-chief of forest lion, 1674-6; defeated by Spanish at Otret; took Bellegarde, 1675: marshal, 1675; appointed to army in Flanders under Duke of Orleans, 1676, and commanded attack on Condc; at capture of Valenciennes and Cambray, 1677; commanded army on Meuse, 1677-8; occupied duchy of Cleves, 1679; commanded under Louis XIV in Flanders on renewal of war with Spain, 1684, and took part in capture of Luxembourg: allowed to retire to Portugal after revocation of edict of Nantes, 168ft; entered service of elector of Brandenburg, and became general-in chief of armies, 1687; accompanied William of Orange to England, 1688; received order of Garter, and was made master-general of ordnance; created Baron of Teyes, Earl of Brentford, Marquis of Harwich, and Duke of Schomberg, 1689; commander-ln-chief of forces in Ireland; conducted campaign in Ireland, 1689-90, and was killed at battle of Boyne; buried in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
^ Isaac Schomberg (1714–1780), physician; son of Meyer Low Schomberg; born at Schweinberg; educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool, London: practised medicine in London; studied medicine at Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated M.D., 1749: summoned by president and censors of College of Physician*, 1747, to present himself for examination as licentiate, but declined, on which his practice was interdicted till 1765, when he was admitted licentiate; fellow, 1771: censor, 1773 and 1778; attended Garrick in his last illness,
^ Isaac Schomberg (1753–1813), navy captain; entered navy, 1770; lieutenant, 1777; first lieutenant under Prince William in West Indies, 1786; superseded, 1787; under Coruwallis in East Indies, 1789-90; captain, 1790; ut battle of 1 June 1794; commissioner and deputy-comptroller of navy, 1808-13; published Naval Chronology 1802.
^ Meinhard Schomberg , DUKK OF LEINSTER and third DUKE OF SCHOMBERG (1641-1719), sou of Frederick Herman, duke of Schomberg; lieutenant-colonel with his father in Portugal, 1660-8; naturalised French subject, 1668; brigadier and marechal-de-camp in wars against Holland; served against Turks in Hungary, 1686; general of cavalry and colonel of dragoons in service of Elector Frederick William; came to England, 1689; fought as general of horse at the Boyne and Limerick, 1690; created Baron of Tarragh, Earl of Bangor, and Duke of Leiuster, 1692: lieutenant-general of British forces; succeeded his brother Charles Schomberg as Duke of Schomberg, 1693; privy councillor, 1695; K.G., 1703; commander of English auxiliary forces In war of Spanish succession, 1703-4; buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ Meyer Low Schomberg (1690–1761), physician; born at Fetzburg, Germany; M.D. Glessen, 1710; came to England, c. 1720; L.R.C.P. London, 1722; F.RA, 1726; practised in London.
^ Raphael Schomberg or RALPH (1714–1792), physician and miscellaneous writer; son of Meyer Low Schomberg; born at Schweinberg; educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool, London: studied medicine broad; M.D. Aberdeen; practised successively at armouth, Bath, and Reading; F.S.A., 1762; published miscellaneous writings. L L 38 J
^ Richard Schomburgk (1811-1*OX botanist; brother of Sir Robert Hermann Schombnrgk; born nt Freiburg: educated at Berlin and Potstlaui: botanist to DritUh Guiana boundary expedition, 1H40-1; director of botanic gardens, Adelaide, 1&66-90. IL 438 i " 1. *.*. f 1 1 M l l i * ! 1. making booadartasof Bri Ins*
^ Hermann (1804 i iCtansMa. .,:-.:-.,:. Sal San Domingo, 1848, and at Bangkok, 18*7-44: PbJ. Kbniffsbenr: M.D.Jeo.; published ascriptions of British a3*3WfaSsm 0.4J7
^ Anian de Schonau (f. 1S98) bishop of St Asaph: ; oi.:. an.. Kctbsriaafc. pritt..f Dttstofan i.,,.-, at Rbnddlan; bif hop of 8t Asaph, 1M8; said to hare been confessor to Edward I and to have accompanied him on crusade; arrested and detained by Edward I fo England, r. 1283, purbap* for failure to excommunicate Welsh dis CL4I8 .:..-r-..I pM.
^ Carl Schorlemmer (1834-18MX chemist : born Darmstadt; studied chemistry at Heidelberg and 1861; lecturer, 1873; professor of 1874; established hypothesis that nor single, not a double, series: FJL&, 1871;honorary LL.D. Glasgow, 1888; began publication, with Hosooe, ofSystematic Treatise on Chemistry* (in English and German, first vol. 1877): published other chemical works and translations in German and BnglUb, and left unfinished a German manuscript history of chemistry.
^ 8CHREIBBR, LADY CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH ( 1812-1895), Welsh Kbolar: daughter of Albemarte Bertie. ninth earl of Limlney: married; 1833, Sir Jwlah John (Juest (1788-1862), whose Ironwork* at Dowlais she ; married, 186ft, Charles Schrdbrr. 1884); collected oh! china, fans, and playingcards, and presented many specimens to the Sooth Kensington andBritUh museums: published old Welsh manuscripts with translations, and works relating to her ..
^ Henry Schroeder (1774–1853), topographer and engraver: practised under name William Butterworth: published topographical and other works, and was one of compilers of Pigott's General Director}
^ Couxthw Bhrbngard Melu Bchulenburo 8INA vox UKR, Duchess of Kendal ( 1667-1743), born at Emden, Saxony; maid of honour to Duchess (from 1692. Electreas) Sophia at Hanover; gained favour of Sophia* son, Prince George (afterwards George IX and wai one of his mistresses from 1698; came to England, t. 1714; created Baroness of Dundalk, Countess and Marcuiouess of Dungaunou, and Duchess of Munster hi Irish peerage, 1716, and Baroness of Glastonbory, Countess of Fevenham and Duchess of Kendal, 1719; created by Charles VI princess of the empire under title of Prince of Ebentein, 17M: exercised considerable influence In politics: accompanied George I to Germany. 1727, and after his death lived iu retirement at Kendal House, Isleworth.
^ 8CBTWANTZLDER, CHARLES HENRY (177I-18I7X painter; trained as painter of clock-faces, tea-trays, and snuff-boxes, at Leeds; subsequently practised as landscape-painter and animal-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1809-1826.
^ Schwartz or sWARTZ, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRich (1726–1798), Indian minionary ; born at Sonnenburg, Prussia; educated at university of Halle, where he j In new edition of Tamil bible; ordained at Copenhagen, 1749; went with Schults and others to Danish mission at Tranquebar, 1750: received charge of district south of the Caveri; at Trichinopoly, 1761: chap lain to Major Preston's troops, 1764, at siege of Madura, where Christ's Church was dedkmtert. 17M; chaplain to troops at Trichinopoly, 1768-78; took up residence at Tanjore, 1778; went on secret mission to Hyder AM: instituted system of government schools; appointed government interpreter; died at Tanjore.
^ Martin Schwartz (4 1487), captain of German mercenaries mit by Margaret, dowager docbess of Burgundy, to aid Lambert Simnel, 1487; killed in battle at Stoke.
^ 8CHWEICKHARDT. H KIN HI (II WlLHlLM(ir41 797 K landscape-painter; born in Brandenburg: came to f. 1786; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1788-96.
^ 8CLATER, HOWARD (1628-1699 ?), divine; educate.! at Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; M. A., 1648; refused covenant and was ejected from St. John's by parliamentary visitors, 1648; perpetual curate of St. Mary's, Putney, 1663; turned Roman catholic on accession of James II, but again joined church of England, 1688: published works vindicating his changes of opinion.
^ 8CLATER, WILLIAM (1575-1626), divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1596; M.A., 1599; rector of Pitminster, 1604-19; received living of Limpsham, 1619, but returned to Pitminster, where he died; published religious works.
^ William Sclater (1609–1661), divine: son of William Sclater (1675-1626); educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1629-33; M.A.; priest, c. 1630; prebendary of Exeter and rector of St. Stephen's, Exeter, 1641; driven from livings, 1644; D.D., 1651; conformed and was rector of St. Peter-le-Poer, Brood Street, London, 1660-61; published religious works.
^ William Sclater (1638–1717?), nonjuring divine; son of William Sclater (1609-1661); of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and Pembroke College, Oxford; vicar of Bramford Speke, 1663; refused oath of allegiance after revolution and was ejected; published controversial writings.
^ 8CLATER-BOOTH, GEORGE, first BARON BASING (1826-1894), of Winchester College and Balliol College, Oxford; B.A., 1847; barrister, Inner Temple, 1851; conservative M.P. for North Hampshire, 1857; financial secretary to treasury, 1868; president of local government board, 1874-80; chairman of grand committees in house, 1880; raised to peerage, 1887; privy councillor; LL.D.; F.RJ3.
^ Henry Scobell (d. 1660), clerk of the parliament: appointed for life, 1648; joint-licenser of newspapers and political pamphlets, 1649; assistant secretary to council of state, 1663; published works on parliamentary procedure.

[1] David Russen (ft. 1705), author ; published, 1703, i Iter Lunare, or a Voyage to the Moon au account and criticism of Cyrauo de Bergerac's Seleiiarelua

[2] George Rust (d. 1670), bishop of Dromore; M.A. St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1650; fellow of Christ's College, 1649-59; dean of Connor, 1661; bishop of Droj more, 1667-70; published theological treatises.

[3] Thomas Cyprian Rust (1808–1895), divine; baptist minister at Colchester, 1838; joined church of England; LL.B. Queens College, Cambridge, 1856; rector of Westerfield, 1875-90; published works relating to Hebrew scriptures and other writings.

[4] Tobias Rustat (1606?–1694), university benefactor; apprenticed to barber-surgeon in London; en1 tered service of William Feilding, earl of Denbigh, , and later that of George Villiers, second duke of Buckingham; servant of Prince of Wales (Charles II); escaped to continent with Buckingham, 1648; yeoman of robes to Charles II, 1650-85; M.A. per literas regias, Cambridge, 1674; his portrait painted by Lely; benefactor of Jesus and other Cambridge colleges.

[5] Thomas Ruthall or Rowthall (d. 1523), bishop of Durham; educated at Oxford; incorporated D.D. Cambridge, 1600; secretary to Henry VII, subsequently to Henry VIII; prebendary and dean of Lincoln, i 1505; privy councillor; bishop of of privy seal, 1516. Durham, 1509; keeper

[6] Andrew Rutherford , first EARL OF TEVJOT (d. 1664), educated at Edinburgh; entered French service and attained rank of lieutenant-general; created Baron Rutherford, 1661, and Earl of Teviot, 1663; governor, 1663, of Tangier, where he was killed in sally against Moors.

[7] Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819), physician and botanist; son of John Rutherford (1695-1779); M.A. Edinburgh; obtained M.D., 1772, with dissertation establishing distinction between carbonic acid gas and nitrogen; professor of botany and keeper of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 1786; physician in ordinary to royal infirmary, 1791; F.L.S., 1796; published botanical and medical writings.

[8] John Rutherford (d. 1577), Scottish divine : studied at Bordeaux and Paris; professor of humanity at St. Mary's College and, 1560, principal of St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews; ordained minister of Cults, 1563; published De Arte Disserendi 1577.

[9] John Rutherford (1695–1779), physician ; educated at Edinburgh: apprenticed as surgeon: M.D. Rheims, 1719; professor of practice of medicine, 1726-65, at Edinburgh, where he began clinical teaching of medicine. Hia daughter, Anne, married Sir Walter Scott's father.

[10] Samuel Rutherford (1600–1661), divine; graduated at rlini.urgh. I'il, and WM regent of humanity, 1623-6; pastor of AowoUi, Galloway, 1617; puili.htd trvuti*- against Armlnlauism, and was snsIM-H.II-.I for nonconformity by high oomtnUiiion at Edinburgh, i use; ordered to reside, during Charlea I's pleasure, at Aberdeen; member of Glasgow assembly, 1638; professor of divinity, St. Mary's College, 8L Andrews; one of commitwionen of church of Scotland to Westminster Assembly, 1643; principal of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews; rector of university of St. Andrews, 1641; took part In opposing the engagement and ui.liv.v-, mil overturning government joined those wbo'oondemned Che treaty with Charles II i sinful; deprived of office* at Restoration. (.1. 7

[11] William Rutherford (1798?–1871), mathematician; mathematical master at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1888-64; honorary secretary, Royal Astronomical Society, 1845 and 1846; published mathematical

[12] Third Baron Ruthven (1M1:.w:,.,.M.-I -.,,.; Wm MiBni MM Ruthven: educated at 8t Andrews lM8;ot fa,,f In enforcing the BeformaUon In part in capture of Perth from French; supported ..f Nrtk, i.v.3.. sion of Mary of Guise, queen dowager, from onVw of MM*, Ifsi...,.,.:--;,. BM srsatj oil i-r.... L440; ufa.,.;:,-:,.r.,: M,r. Qown ol BooU, ISM, but..... t.:: tO MMOTt pro* SMI ! idVWaftad It* I-ar.,-;. marriage, and took Mary's part In subsequent rebellion of Moray, 1565; assisted In murder oCBbtlo, 1566,

[13] William Rutherford (1839–1899), physiologist; M.D. Edinburgh, 1863; studied on continent; professor of physiology at King's College, London, 1869, and at Edinburgh, 1874-99; Fullerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution, London, 1871; his works Include Text Book of Physiology 1880.

[14] Thomas Rutherforth (1713–1771), divine ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1733; reglus professor of divinity and D.D., 1745; F.R.S., 1743; chaplain to Frederick, prince of Wales, and, later, to the princess liwf m: archdeacon of Essex, 1763; published treatises on natural science and other subjects.

[15] Andrew Rutherfurd , LORD RLTIIKKH KI (1791-1854), Scottish judge; educated at Edinburgh: passed advocate, 1812; solicitor-general for Scotland, 1837; chamberlain to Charle*, prince o( Wales, whom he aeopnv iordadvocate and M.P. for Leith Burghs, 1839; resigned panted to Jewey and France, 1646; with Charles II in 1 Scotland, 1650. Uonofthe

[16] Patrick Ruthven , EARL OF FORTH AND BRENTFORD (1578?–1651), captain of regiment of Scots in Sweden, 1613; colonel, c. 1618; fought with distinction at Dirschau, and was knighted by Guttavus Adolpbus, 1637; commander of Swedish garrison of Ulm, 1633; received earldom of Ktrchberg; major-general, 1633; at capture of Landsberg: lieutenant-general to Banter in Thuringta; muster-master-general of forces in Scotland, ;.,.; qravM Bra isthwBi -f IMriok, Mtf: mander of Berwick Cartle; surrendered Berwick to covenanters after severe attack, 1640: created Earl of Forth, 1643; fought at Bdgehill, 1643, and appointed general-in-chief of Charles I's army; wounded In unsuccessful attempt to raise siege of Reading, 164S; created Earl of Brentford, 1644; declared traitor by Scottish parliament, 1644; obtained surrender of Essex's army at Lostwlthtel, 1644; superseded by Prince Rupert, 1644; Burghs, office, 184L, on Peel's accession to- power; took active part in parliamentary proceedings relating to Scotland; chosen lord rector of Glasgow University, 1844; supported abolition of corn laws, 1845; reappolnted lord advocate, 1846; member of commission on marriage laws, 1847; moved successfully for bill to amend law of entail in Sootland, 1848; appointed ordinary lord of session and privy councillor, and took seat on bench aa Lord Rutherford, 1851.

[17] Alexander Ruthven (1680?–1600), master of Ruthven; third son of William Ruthven, fourth baron Ruthven and first earl of Oowrie; educated at Perth and Edinburgh University; became gentleman of bedchamber to James VI, and was a favourite of his queen; said to have been engaged, 1600, in plot to capture James VI, whom he decoyed to the house of his brother John Ruthven, third earl of Gowrie, near Perth; killed there by Sir John Ramsay. The account Is given by King James himself, and there are several theories as to it* truth.

[18] Edward Southwell Ruthven (1772–1836), Irish politician; son of Edward Trotter: assumed name of Ruthven, 1800; educated at Wadham College, Oxford; whig M.P., Downpatrick, 1806-7, 1830, and 1831, and Dublin. 1832; supported Reform Bill, 1831; again returned for Dublin, 1835, but unseated on petition.

[19] John Ruthven , third EARL OF GowR(1578?–1600), son of William Ruthven, fourth baron Ruthven and i first earl of Gowrie; succeeded his brother in earl

[20] William Ruthven , second BARON RUTHVBN (d. 1553), grandson of first Lord Ruthven; custodian and constable of king's hospital, near Speygate, Perth, 1538; extraordinary lord of session, 1633; privy councillor, 1543; chosen one of guardians of Mary Qoeen of Scott, 1543; keeper of privy seal, 1546.

[21] William Ruthven , fourth BARON RUTHVEN and first EARL OF GOWRIE (15417-1584), second son of Patrick Ruthven, third baron Ruthveu; joined conspiracy against Rizzio, 1666, and subsequently accompanied his father to England; denounced as rebel, 1566, but portioned: appointed with Lord Lindsay to have charge of Mary Queen of Soots during her imprisonment ut Lochleven; assisted In obtaining her dfmlmion of government to her son, 1667; took part In several engagements against her supporters; lord high treasurer for life, 1571; commissioner for pacification of Perth, 1673; one of Morton's representatives at convention at Stirling, 1578; lord of the articles under Morton; extraordinary lord of session, 1578; created Earl of Gowrie, 1581; entered conspiracy known as Raid of Buthven by which James VI was induced to go to Cowrie's seat at Ruthven, and was practically placed under custody of the conspirators, 1682; member of new privy council, 18J: pardoned for share in Ruthven raid: joined with Angus, Mar, and others plot to capture Stirling Castle, 15 arrested, convicted of high dom, 1588; M.A. Edinburgh, 1593: provost of supported extreme protestant party; studied at and was elected rector of the university; attended convention of estates and headed opposition to James VI, who proposed to maintain by taxation an army to ensure his succession to English throne: said to have been in communication with Sir Robert Logan respecting plot to convey James VI to Logan's stronghold of Past Castle; was at his house at Perth in 1600 when his brother Alexander Ruthven arrived with James VI, and after his brother's alleged assault on James VI was killed by James VI's attendants while attempting to avenge his brother's death. It is doubtful whether Gowrie and his brother wished to make away with James VI, or obtain from him a settlement of his debts, or whether James VI, i who owed Gowrie large sums of money. Invented the story. to hide a plot, on bis own part, of agntsHnattrm. The family estates were forfeited, and the name and honours decreed by parliament to be extinct. beheaded at first

[22] Dukm of Rutland . See MANNERS, JOHN, Dukr 1688–1711; MANNERS, CHARLKH, fourth 1754-1787: MANNER*, CHARLRB CECIL JOHN, sixth Dtnut, 1815-1888.

[23] Earls of Rutland . See MAXNZRS, THOMAS, first Earl d. 1543 ; MANNERS, HKNRT, second BAAL,*. 1563 : *, EDWARD, third EARL, 1649-1687; MANNERS, ROGER, fifth EARL, 1576-1613; MANNER*, i EARL, 1678-1633; MANNERS, JOHN, eighth EARL, 16041679.

[24] Hugh of Rutland (. 1185), See ROTKUASOB, Hl-K I'll. 1

[25] James Rutledge or John James (1743–1794), miscellaneous writer; born probably at Dunkirk; served in Berwick's Franco-Irish cavalry regiment, and subsequently lived by his pen; prominent tPris during revolution; a leading member of Cordeliers Club till 1791; published works in French.

[26] John Towill Rutt (1760–1841), politician; educated at St. Paul's School, London; entered his father's business of wholesale merchant in drugs in London; joined Society for Constitutional Information, 1780; active member of Society of Friends of the People; aided in founding, and contributed regularly to Monthly Repository, acting occasionally as editor; published miscellaneous works.

[27] John Rutter (1796–1851), quaker; settled as bookseller and printer at Shaftesbury, c. 1818; gave up and studied law, c. 1830; published topographical

[28] Joseph Butter (fl. 1635), poet; tutor to two sons of Edward Sackville, fourth earl of Dorset; published The Shepheard's Holy Day (1635) and other poetical works.

[29] John Rutty (1698–1775), physician ; M.D. Leyden, 1723; practised in Dublin, 1724-75; quaker; kept a spiritual diary and soliloquies 1753-74; published works on medical subjects, a History of the Quakers in Ireland, 1653-1751 (1751), and a Natural History of County of Dublin (1772).

[30] William Rttttt (1687–1730), physician; M.D. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1719; F.R.C.P., 1720; osteology lecturer at Barber-Surgeons Hall, 1721, viscera lecturer, 1724, and muscular lecturer, 1728; Gulstonian lecturer, 1722; F.R.S., 1720.

[31] Ruvigny second MARQUIS DE (1648–1720). See M ASSUK DK RUVIGXY, HENRI DE.

[32] Henry Thomas Ryall (1811–1867), engraver : pupil of Samuel William Reynolds (1773-1835); engraved plates for Lodge's Portraits and other works; appointed honorary engraver to Queen Victoria for engraving Leslie'sChristening of Princess Royal: executed plates after Laudseer, and occasionally exhibited paintings in oils.

[33] Daniel Frederick Ryan (1762?–1798), Irish loyalist; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; army surgeon in 103rd regiment, under Sir Ralph Abercromby ; editor ofDublin Journal 1784; captain of St. Sepulchre's yeomanry corps; died from wounds received while assisting Henry Charles Sirr and Swan in arresting Lord Edward Fitzgerald

[34] Edward Ryan (d. 1819), divine: M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1773: LL.B., 1779: D.D., 1789; prebendary of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1790-1819; published theological works.

[35] Sir Edward Ryan (1793–1875), judge ; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1814; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1817; appointed puisne judge of supreme court of Calcutta and knighted, 1826; chief-justice of presidency of Bengal, 1833; returned to England, 1843; privy councillor, 1843; civil service commissioner, 1855; first commissioner, 1862; F.G.S., 1846; F.R.S., 1860; published legal works.

[36] Lacy Ryan (1694?-1760), actor; educated at St. Paul's School, London; entered solicitor's office; adopted theatrical profession; played various Shakespearean characters in London at Drury Lane, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and Coveut Garden, including Hamlet, lago, and Edgar (in King Lear) at Lincoln's Inn Fields.

[37] Michael Ryan (fl. 1800), medical writer; M.D. Edinburgh, 1784; F.R.C.S. Ireland; practised at Kilkenny, and later at Edinburgh; probably M.R.C.S. London; published medical works.

[38] Michael Ryan (1800–1841), physician and author; M.R.C.S. and M.R.C.P. London; physician to Metropolitan Free Hospital: edited London Medical and Surgical Journal 1832-8; published medical and surgical works.

[39] Michael Desmond Ryan (1816–1868), journalist; son of Michael Ryan (fl. 1800); studied medicine at Edinburgh; sub-editor of Musical World 1846-68; connected, as musical critic, with several journals; published MOfi and other writings.

[40] Richard Ryan (1796–1849), bookseller : published Plays, songs, and other writings, including Biographia Hibernica, 1 1819-21.

[41] Vincent William Ryan (1816-1888), divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1848; D.D,, 1853; principal of Church of England Metropolitan Training Institution, Highbury, 1850; bishop of Mauritius, 1854; returned lioim 1, 1K67: archdeacon of Craven, 1875; went on special mission to Mauritius, 1872: published religious and other writings.

[42] Sir Paul Rycaut or Ricaut (1628–1700), traveller and author; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1650; secretary in Turkish embassy of Heneage Finch, second earl of Winchilsea, 1661; consul of Levant Company at Smyrna, 1667; published Present State of Ottoman Empire 1668, andHistory of Turkish Empire, 1623-77 1C79; knighted and sworn privy councillor and judge of admiralty in Ireland, 1685; appointed resident in Hamburg and the Hanse Towns, 1G89: recalled, 1700; F.R.S., 1666; translated from the Spanish; his portrait painted by Lely.

[43] Sir Alfred Phillipps Ryder (1820–1888), admiral of the fleet; entered navy, 1833; lieutenant, 1841; captain, 1848; in Channel, 1853-7; in Russian war; controller of coastguard, 1863-6: vice-admiral, 1872; commander-in-chief in China, 1874-7; admiral, 1877; commander-iu -chief at Portsmouth, 1879-82; K.C.B., 1884; admiral of fleet, 1885.

[44] Sir Dudley Ryder (1691–1756), judge ; studied at Edinburgh and Leydeu; barrister, Middle Temple, 1725; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1726, bencher, 1733, treasurer, 1734, and master of library, 1735; M.P., St. Germans, 1733, and Tiverton, 1734; solicitor-general, 1733; attorneygeneral, 1737; knighted, 1740; prosecuted for crown captured rebels of 1746; lord chief- justice of king's bench, 1754; privy councillor. He was created Baron Ryder of Harrowby, but died before ceremony of kissing hands.

[45] Dudley Ryder , first EARL OF HARROWBY and Viscount Sandon , and second BARON HARROWBY (1762-1847), son of Nathaniel Ryder, first baron Harrowby ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1782; M.P., Tiverton, 1784; under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1789; privy councillor, 1790; paymaster of forces and vicepresident of board of trade, 1791; treasurer of navy, 1800-1; succeeded his father, 1803; foreign secretary under Pitt, 1804, but resigned owing to ill-health; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, with seat in cabinet, 1805; went on peace mission to Berlin, Vienna, and St. Petersburg, 1805; president of board of control, 1809; created Earl of Harrowby and Viscount Sandon, 1809; president of council, 1812-27; chairman of lordscommittee on currency, 1819; retired from office on death of Canning; supported parliamentary reform; D.C.L. Oxford, 1814; LL.D. Cambridge, 1833.

[46] Dudley Ryder , second EARL OP HARROWBY (1798-1882), son of Dudley Ryder, first earl of Harrowby v.; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1832; D.C.L., 1848; .P., Tivertou, 1819, 1820, 1826, and 1830: lord of admiralty, 1827-8; secretary to India board, 1830-1; M.P., Liverpool, 1831, 1832, 1835, 1837, and 1841-7; supported Reform Bill; commissioner for inquiry into army punishments, 1835; followed Peel in adoption of free-trade principles, 1845; ecclesiastical commissioner, 1847; succeeded his father, 1847; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster and privy councillor, 1855; lord privy seal, 1855-7; resigned from ill-health, 1867: admitted to order of Garter, 1869: first standing committee of cabinet established at his instance; moved rejection of Gladstone's Irish Church Bill, 1869: chairman of Maynooth commission; member of the first Oxford University and other commissions; F.R.S., 1853.

[47] Dudley Francis Stuart Ryder , third EARL OF HARROWBY (1831-1900), second son of Dudley Ryder, second earl of Harrowby; of Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1878; M.P. for Lichfield, as supporter of Palrnerston, 1856-9, and for Liverpool, 18681882; succeeded to peerage, 1882; member of first London school board; privy councillor, 1874: vice-president of committee of council on education, 1874; president of board of trade, 1878-80; lord privy seal, 1885-6. He was largely responsible for Education Act, 1876.

[48] Henry Ryder (1777–1836), successively bishop of Gloucester and of Lichfield and Coventry; son of Nathaniel Ryder, first baron Harrowby; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1798; D.D., 1813; rector of Lutterworth, 1801, and vicar of Claybrook, 180*: canon of Windsor, 1808;lecturer of St. George's 1: d.-an o( Well.. 1*12; bishop of QlMOarter, 1815: established Gloucester Diocesan Society, 1816: translated to nee of Uohfleld, 1814; organised Church Building Association In hU diocese; published religious writings..:,;

[49] John Ryder (1697?–1778), archbishop of Tuam; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1719; D.D., 1741; vicar of Nuneaton, 1721; bishop of Killaloe, 1742: translated to see of Down and Connor, 1743; archbishop of Tuam, aud bishop of Ardagh, 1752.

[50] John Ryder (1814–1886), actor; appeared with Macready at Drury Lane, London, M Duke Frederick As you like itX 1842; accompanied Macready to America, 1843 and 1848; played Claudia, to Maenad Hamlet at Princes'i Theatre, London, 1846, and parts at various theatres. Hubert (in King John) was one of his best characters.

[51] Nathaniel Ryder, first Baron Harrowby (1735-1803). son of Sir Dudley Ryder; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1756: M.P., Tiverton, 1766-76; created Baron Harrowby, 1776.

[52] Richard Ryder (1766–1832), home secretary; son of Nathaniel Ryder, first baron Harrowby; of Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 17*7; ban-inter, Lincoln's Inn, 1791, bencher, 1812, and treasurer, 1819: M.P., Tiverton. 1796-1830: second justice of great sessions for Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire, and Pembrokeshire, 1804; lord commissioner of treasury, privy councillor, and judge advocate-general, 1807; home secretary, 1809-12.

[53] Thomas Ryder (1736–1790), actor; trained as printer; appeared at Smock Alley Theatre, Dublin, under Thomas Sheridan (1719-1788), as Captain I'luim (Farquhar's Recruiting Officer), 1757; toured in Ireland, c. 1765-70, and subsequently opened at Smock Alley Theatre, which he managed, 1772-82, with decreasing OMB; appeared, 1787, as Falstaff (Henry IV) at Covent Garden; excelled in low comedy; published two plays.

[54] Thomas Ryder (1746–1810), engraver; pupil of James Basire (1730-1802); studied at Royal Academy; best known by works in stipple.

[55] Ryder or RITHER. SIR WILLIAM (1544?-1611), lord mayor of London; apprenticed as haberdasher; introduced into England stockings knitted of woollen yarn: member of HaberdashersCompany; alderman and (1591) sheriff of London: lord mayor, 1600: knighted for loyalty to Queen Elizabeth during Essex's rebellion, 1601: collector-general of James I's customs inwards 1603: appointed collector for life of toll, tonnage, and poundage ia London, 1606; president of Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals, 1600-5.

[56] Edward Caldwell Rye (1832–1885), entomologist; educated at King's College School, London; edited Zoological Record and was co-editor of Entomologist's Monthly Magazine librarian of Royal Geographical Society.

[57] Egerton Ryerson (1803–1882), divine; born in Canada; worked on his father's farm; joined methodtet church, 1821: assistant-teacher in London district grammar school, Ontario; admitted methodist minister on Niagara circuit, e. 1824; edited Christian Guardian 1829; delegate to Wesleyan conference in England, 1833: one of originators of Victoria College, Coburg, Ontario (first president, 1841): superintendent of schools in Upper Canada, 1844-76; severed his connection with Wesleyan methodists, 1854: LL.D. Middletown University, 1842; D.D. Victoria College, 1866; wrote historical, autobiographical, and other works.

[58] William Ryerson (1791–1882), soldier ami Irvingite minister; brother of Egerton Ryerson; born near Fredericton, New Brunswick; took part in war of 1812-14, as lieutenant in the 18th Norfolk regiment of Canadian militia; entered methodist ministry, 1819; delegate to conference in England, 1831: converted to tinviews of Edward Irving; returned to Canada and established the catholic apostolic church there, acting as its head till 1872.

[59] Robert Rygge , or Rugge (c. 1410), divine; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1362-72, and Wycliffltas, bat was anally compelled to i

[60] Herman Witsius Ryland (07eO-l8X*) nadtan statesman; son of John Colktt Rrtand; salstont deputy paymaster-general under Wgoyne *! Cornwallis in America, 1781-1; civil sectary to governors-in chief of British North America, 1793-181 J; exerted great influence on administration of affair* in Lower Canada.

[61] John Ryland (1717?–1798), friend of Dr. Johnson : West India merchant on Tower Hill, London; member of the London King's Head, Ivy Lane (1749-63), and BSMX Head olnbs. Uter o Msrtoo Coaeffe, Oxford, and was buar. 1374-6: D.D. e. 1380: chancellor of the university, 1181-8 and I Ml; chancellor of Exeter Cathedral, and vtc*r*Mral far

[62] John Ryland (1763–1816), baptist minister: son of John Collett Ryland; entered ministry, 1771; assisted his father at Northampton till 1786, when he received sole charge of congregation; minister of Broadmead chapel and president of baptist college, Bristol, 1793-1826; secretary, 1816-25, of Baptist Missionary Society, of which he was a founder; published religious writings, including hymns.

[63] John Collett Ryland (1723-1792), divine; baptist pastor at Warwick, where he kept a school, 1760; minister and schoolmaster at Northampton, 1759-86: removed school to Enfield, 1780; published educational, religious, and other works.

[64] Jonathan Edwards Ryland (1798–1866), man of letters; son of John K Ryland (1753-1826) q. v.; educated at Edinburgh University: mathematical and classical tutor at Mill Hill College, and, later, teacher at Bradford College; published translations and other writings.

[65] William Wynne Ryland (1732–1788), engraver; apprenticed to Simon Francois Ravenet; studied in France and Italy: engraver to George III: member of Society of Art*, 1765; exhibited portraits at Royal Academy: opened print-shops in Cornhill, London, and, later, in Strand, London; hanged for forging and altering bills of exchange. He executed plates in the chalk or dotted manner.

[66] John Rylands (1801–1888), merchant; established with his brothers and (1819) with his father, as weaver of cotton goods at St. Helens and afterwards at Wigan; became sole proprietor, 1847: converted business into limited company, 1873; spent large sums in printing religions works for free distribution in England, France, and Italy. The John Rylands Library (opened 1900) erected as a memorial at Manchester by his widow.

[67] Peter Rylands (1820–1887), politician; engaged in manufacture of sailcloth at Warrington: member of Anti-Cornlaw League: M.P., Warrington, 1868-74, and Burnley, 1876-87; published writings on religious topics.

[68] John Charles Ryle (1816–1900), bishop of Liverpool: of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1838; M.A., 1871; DJ)., 1880; took holy orders, 1841-2; rector of St. Thomas, Winchester, 1843, and of Helmingham, Suffolk, 1844; vicar of Stradbroke, 1861: honorary canon of Norwich, 1872: dean of Salisbury, 1880; first bishop of Liverpool, 1880-1900. He belonged to the Evangelical school; published religious writings.

[69] Charles Reuben Ryley or Riley (1752?-1798), painter; exhibited at Royal Academy.

[70] John Ryley (1747–1815), mathematician; employed as husbandman and cloth manufacturer in Yorkshire; studied mathematics and became master at Drigblington grammar school, 1774: opened a school at Pudsey, 1776; master at Beeston. 1776; head-master of Bluecoat school, Leeds, 1789-1816; published mathematical writings.

[71] Sir Philip Ryley (*. 1733), surveyor of royal woods and forests; son of William Ryley the younger ; serjeant-at-arms, attending lord treasurer of England before 1703 and after 1706: agent of exchequer: commissioner of excise, 1698; surveyor of royal woods and forests; knighted, 1788.

[72] Samuel William Ryley (1769–1837), actor aud author; son of Samuel Romney, a grocer in London; apprenticed to woollen manufacturer in Yorkshire; joined n -hariug terms theatrical company at Newcastle, 1783; met with misfortune and became trolliii actor: subsequently played Sir Peter Teazle at Drury Lime, London, 1809; assumed name Ryley, e. 1797: annual benefits held for him at Liverpool towards the end of lu's life; wrote plays, songs, and memoirs.

[73] William Ryley , the elder (d. 1667), herald and archivist: studied at Middle Temple: clerk of records in Tower, r. 1690: Bluemautle pursuivant of arms, 1633; Lancaster herald, 1641; supported parliamentarians, but was more than once suspected of treachery; keeper of records, 1644: Norroy king-of-arms, 1646; Clarenceux kinir-of-arms, 1659: proclaimed Charles II, 1660, but was reduced to rank of Lancaster herald on Restoration: buried in east cloister, Westminster Abbey; associated with his son William Ryley the younger in publication of Placita Parliamentaria. Or pleadings in Parliament 1661.

[74] William Ryley , the younger (d. 1675), archivist ; on of WJBiam Ryley the elder; barrister, Inner Temple, 186*; employed under his father in record office. !

[75] James Ryker (.I. 1775–1822), surgeon; studied medicine and anatomy at Edinburgh; surgeon's mate in j navy, 1770; surgeon, 1775; served in Mediterranean, ! West Indies, and North America; left navy, c. 1782; F.R.O.S. London, 1815: published medical works.

[76] Thomas Rymer (1641–1713), author and archa*legist: educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1673; publishedTragedies of the Last Age cousider'd 1678, and A Short View of Tragedy: containing an attack onOthello 1692; historiographer i to William III, 1692: appointed by government, 1693, to edit a collection of public conventions of Great Britain with other powers, the work appearing as Foedera 20 vols. j 1704-35, vols. xvi-xx. being edited by Robert Sanderson, i the latest document included dated 1654; new editions j brought out, 1737-45 (at the Hague) and 1816-30 (in-: complete, undertaken by Record Commission). He also published poems and a play in rhymed verse entitled; Edgar, or the English Monarch

[77] John Michael Rysbrack (JOANNES MICHIBL); (1693?-1770), sculptor; born on continent; studied in Antwerp; came to England, 1720. Many of his works are in Westminster Abbey.

[78] Augustine Ryther (fl. 1576–1690), engraver; associated with Christopher Saxton in engravinp maps of English counties, published, 1676-9, and with Jodocus Hondius, and others in charts for The Mariner's Mirrour 1588; translated from Ubaldini and engraved plates for Discourse concerning Spanilii Fleet 1688. J 69

[79] John Ryther (1634?-1681), nonconformist divine; educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; vicar of Frodingham, whence he was ejected: vicar of Ferriby; ejected, 1662; published religious works.

[80] John Ryther (d. 1704), nonconformist divine son of John Ryther (1634 ?-1681); chaplain on merchant ships trading to Indies; minister at Nottingham, 1689; left manuscript journals.

[81] Bruno Ryves (1596–1677), divine: B.A. New College, Oxford, 1616; M.A. Magdalen College, 1619; D.D., 1639; entered Gray's Inn, 1634; vicar of Stauwell; deprived by parliament, 1642; chaplain to Charles I, c. 1640; appointed dean of Chichester, 1646; installed dean, 1660, and made master of Ohichester Hospital; chaplain in ordinary to Charles II; dean of Windsor, 1660; scribe of order of Garter, 1661: rector of Haseley, and Acton; publishedMercurius Rusticus royalist periodical (nineteen numbers from August 1642).

[82] Elizabeth Ryves (1750–1797), author; 'wrote plays (never acted), one novel, and several volumes of poems.

[83] George Frederick Ryves (1758–1826), rearadmiral; educated at Harrow; entered navy, 1774; lieutenant, 1779; commander, 1795; captain, 1798; on coast of Egypt, 1801; in Mediterranean under Nelson, 1803-4; in Baltic, 1810; rear-admiral, 1825.

[84] See Serres (1797–1871).

[85] Sir Thomas Ryves (1583?–1652), civilian; of Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1598; D.C.L., 1610; advocate of Doctors Commons, 1611; judge of faculties in prerogative court of Ireland, 1617; resigned office; returned to England; practised in admiralty court; king's advocate, 1623; master of requests extraordinary, 1626; judge of the admiralty of Dover, 1636, and subsequently of Cinque ports; fought for Charles I; knighted, 1644; published writings on law and naval history.

[86] Saberet or Saba (d. 616?). See Sebert.

[87] Francis Sabie (fl. 1587–1596), poetaster ; schoolmaster at Lichfield in 1587; published three volumes of verse, The Fisher-man's Tale (2 parts) and Pan's Pipe (1595) and Adam's Complaint (1596).

[88] Sir Edward Sabine (1788-1883), general; second lieutenant, royal artillery, 1803; second captain, 1813; served in Niagara frontier campaign, 1814; returned: home, 1816; F.R.8., 1818; astronomer to Arctic expeditions in search of north-west passage under John Ross ( 1 777-1886), 1818, and William Edward Parry 1819-20; Copley medallist, Royal Society, 1821; made voyages to conduct experiments in magnetic inclination, 1821 and 1823; joint-commissioner with Sir John Herschel. to act with French commission in determining difference of longitude between Paris and Greenwich, 1826; first captain, 1827; one of secretaries of Royal Society, 1829; appointedoneof tbreescientificadvtBcrsof admiralty, 1828assisted in magnetic survey of British islands, 1834-6; brevet-major, 1837; member of committee to consider establishment ot magnetic stations throughout British i empire, 1836-9, and subsequently superintendent of the i system of observations and editor ofObservations i "??? f Briti8b A8 **rton. 1889-59 (except t); began contributing to Philosophical Trans- ! a survey of distribution of magnetism over the globe, 1840: foreign secretary to Royal Society, 1845, treasurer, 1850, and president, 1861-71; colonel, 1851; major-general, 1856; repeated magnetic survey of British isles, 1861; lieutenant-general, 1865; civil K.C.B., 1869; general, 1870; D.C.L. Oxford and LL.D. Cambridge, 1855; member of Linnean, Royal Astronomical, and other learned societies.

[89] Joseph Sabine (1662?–1739), general ; appointed captain in Ingoldsby's foot, 1689; brevet-colonel in Herbert's regiment, 1703; served in Low Countries and in war of Spanish succession; M.P., Berwick-on-Tweed, 1727; general, 1730, and governor of Gibraltar, where he died.

[90] Joseph Sabine (1770–1837), writer on horticulture; brother of Sir Edward Sabine; practised as barrister till 1808: inspector-general of assessed taxes, 1808-35; F.R.S., 1779; original F.L.S., 1798; honorary secretary of Horticultural Society, 1810-30, contributing extensively to its Transactions; subsequently treasurer and vice-president of Zoological Society.

[91] 8ABRAN, LEWIS (1652-1732), Jesuit; born at Paris; educated at English Jesuit college, St. Omer; professed of four vows, 1688; royal chaplain at St. James's Palace, London, 1685; escaped to France at revolution; principal of episcopal seminary at Liege, 1699-1708; provincial of English province, 17U8; n-ctor of college at St. Omar, 1712; spiritual father at English College, Rome, 171*; puhlishul theological works.

[92] Henry Sacheverell (1674?-1784), political preacher: of Magdalen College, Oxfonl; M.A., 1696; fellow, 17K1-13; pro-proctor. 17u3: 1).D., 17 1709; incorporated at Cambridge, 1714: and pamphlet* high church ami tory cause; advocated in chaplain of St. Saviour 1 *, Southwark, 1706; preached , favouring tion and occasional ,, sermons at Derby and at St. Paul's, London, 1 709, non-resistance, and conformity (both sermons printed. 1709, and declared by House of Commons to be seditious libel*); impeached (his counsel including Simon Haroourt (1661 V 1727) ); found guilty and suspended from preaching for three years, much popular feeling being excited in his favour: presented to living of Selattyn, 1710, and to living of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, 1718; died from effect of accident.

[93] 8ACHEVEBELL, WILLIAM ( 1688-1691), politician: entered Uray's Inn, 1667; M.P., Derbyshire, 16.0 and 1679; opposed court policy; moved successfully thut popish recusants be deprived of military office, 1678; on committee to prepare Test Bill, 1678; urged necessity of return to policy of triple alliance, 1677; took prominent part in parliamentary investigation of Oates's pretended popish plot, and for some time presided over committee of secrecy; supported motion for removal of James, duke of York, from royal presence and counsels, and supported Exclusion Bill, 1679; served on committee which drew up articles of Danby's impeachment, 1678; member for Heytesbury in Convention parliament; lord of admiralty in William Ill's first administration till December 1689; M.I, Nottinghamshire, 1691.

[94] Charles Sackville , sixth EARL or DORSET and first EARL OF MIDDLESEX (1638-1706), poet; son of Richard Sackville, fifth earl of Dorset, and Frances, daughter of Lionel Cranfleld, first earl of Middlesex; M.I. East Griuetead, 1660; led life of dissipation with Sir Charles Sedley and others; volunteered in fleet fitted out against Dutch, 1G5, and took part hi battle of 3 June; created Baron Cranfleld and Karl of Middlesex, 1675; withdrew from court during James Il's reign; lord chamberlain of household, 1689-97: received Garter, 1691; thrice acted as regent during William Ill's absence. His poems appeared with Sedley's in 1701, his best being the song To all you ladies now ou laud 1666. Drydeu dedicated several poem* to him.

[95] Charles Sackville , second DUKK OK DORHKT (1711-1769), son of Lionel Craufield Sackville, first duke of Dorset; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1730; intimate friend of Frederick, prince of Wales; M.P., East Grinstead, 1734-41 aud 1761-5, Sussex, 1742-7, and Old Saruin, 1747-64; high steward of honour of Otford, 1741; lord of treasury, 1743-7; master of horse to Frederick, prince of Wales, 1747; councillor, 1766.

[96] Sir Edward Sackville, fourth Earl of Dorset (1591–1652), son of Robert Sackville, second Earl of Dors-el; succeeded his brother Richard (1590-1624), 1024; educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and perhaps at Cambridge; M.P., Sussex, 1614 and 1621-2, being one of leaders of popular party; K.B., 1616; held subordinate command at battle of Prague, 1620; ambassador to Louis XIII, 1621; governor of Bermuda Islands Company, 1623; commissioner for planting Virginia, 1631 and I-, 3 1; K.G., 1625: privy councillor, 1626: lord chamberlain to Queen Henrietta Maria, 1628: lord commissioner of admiralty, 1628; assisted in draining partt) of Lincolnshire, 1631; commissioner of regency, 1640 and 1641; supported Charles I hi civil war; prudent at Edgehill, 1642; commissioner of Charles I's treasury, 1643; lord chamberlain of household, 1644-6; keeper of privy seal and president of council, 1644.

[97] George Sackville , first Viscount Sackville (1716-1785).

[98] John Frederick Sackville , third DUKK OF . 1746-17U9), grandson of Lionel (ran field Sackville, first duke of Dorset; educated minster; M.P., Kent, 1768; succeeded his uncle Charles Sackville, second duke of Dorset

[99] Lionel Cranfield Sackville 1BLD, first Duke of Dorset ( 1688–1766), son of Charles Sackrille, of Dorset; educated at Westminster; soootsded to earldom, 1706; constable of Dover Ctttto and lord warden of Cinque port*. 1708-18. 1714-17, 17M; envoy extraordinary to notify George I of Queen Anne's death, 17U: groom of stole, first lord of bedchamber, , and K.G., 1714; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1780-7 and 175O ft; lord president of council, 174; muter of nom.l76*-7: coostfortad constable of Dover Cmstle and lord warden of Cinque 7; privy port* for life, 1767; D.O.L. Oxford. 17*; frequently acted as one of lords Justices of Great Britain. His portrait was painted by Kneller.

[100] Sir Richard Sackville (4. 1MX flmt of Anne Boleyn; educated at Cambridge; bar Gray's Inn; Lent reader. 15J9; M.P., Arundel, treasurer of army; chancellor of court of augmentations, 1648; knighted, 1649; privy oouncdlor. 164; M.P, Portsmouth, 1664, Kent, 165, and Sussex, 16*8-6; received charge of Margaret, countess of Lennox, 1661. It was owing to his encouragement that Roger Ascham wrote his Scbolemaster

[101] Richard Sackville , fifth Earl of Dorset (1622-1677), son of Sir Edward Sackville, fourth earl of Dorset; M.P., Bast Grinstead, 1640-3; Imprisoned by parliament, 1642; lord sewer at coronation ofOnarles it 1661; member of Inner Temple, 1661; F.R&, 1666; contributed to Jonsonus Virbius (1638).

[102] Robert Sackville, second Earl of Dorset (1561-1609), son of Thomas Sackville, first earl of Dorset; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1579; entered Inner Temple, 1680; M.P. for Sussex, 1586, 1593, 1598, 1601, and 1604-8, and Lewes, 1588; engaged in trading ventures; endowed Sackville College for the poor, East Grinstead.

[103] Thomas Sackville, first Earl of Dorsett and Baron Buckville (1636–1608), son of Sir Richard Sackville; perhaps educated at Hart Hall, Oxford, and St. John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Inner Temple; planned, began, and wroteInduction for * Myrrovre for Magistrates (1559-63), completed by William Baldwin I and George Ferrers; collaborated (he probably wrote only last two act) with Thomas Norton (1632-1584) in Tragedy of Gorboduc the first English tragedy in blank verse, acted in Inner Temple hall, 1661; grand master of order of freemasons, 1661-7; M.I, Westmoreland, 1568, East Grinstead, 1669, Aylesbury, 1563; knighted and raised to peerage, 1667; MJL Cambridge, 1571; privy councillor; commissioner at state trials; announced to Mary Queen of Scot* sentence of death, 1686; sent ( 1687) to survey position of affairs in Low Countries after Leicester's return (1686); commissioner for ecclesiastical causes, 1688; K.O., 1689: ambassador to Low Countries, 1589; one of commissioners who signed treaty with France, 1691; renewed treaty with united provinces, 1598; lord treasurer, 1699 till death: lord high steward, presiding at Essex's trial, 1601: created Earl of Dorset, 1604; commissioner for peace with Spain, 1604; chancellor of Oxford University, 1691; incorporated M.A. Oxford, 1692. His poetical world were collected, 1869.

[104] Christopher Sacrobosco (1662–1816). See Holywood.

[105] Johannes de Sacro Bosco (. 1180). See Holywood or Halifax, John.

[106] John Saddington (1584?–1679), early Muggletonian; wrote religious works, printed posthumously.

[107] John Saddler (1813–1892), line-engraver; pupil of George Cooke ( 1781-1834); exhibited at Society of British Artiste and Royal Academy between 1868 and 1883.

[108] Sir Robert de Sadington (d. c. 1350) judge; appears as advocate between 1399 and 1S36; J.I, Leicestershire and Rutland, 1*32; chief baron of exchequer, 1884, and abo treasurer. 1*40; ffhanooHor. 184*. 1346; reappouited chief baron, 1346.

[109] Franc Sadleir (1774-1881), scholar; M.A. and irllow, Trinity College. Dublin, 1805: B.D. and D.D., 113 Donndan lecturer, 1816, 1817, and 1823; Erasmus -riiith professor of mathematics, 1824-36; regius professor el Greek, 1833-8; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1837-51; published sermons.

[110] John Sadleir (1814–1856), Irish politician and windier; educated at Clongowes College; solicitor in Dublin; a director of Tipperary joint-stock teak; chairman of London and County Joint-Stock Bank, 1848; MJP., Cwlow, 1847, and Sligo, 1853; junior lord of treasury, 1863; committed suicide on the failure of the Tipperary bank (then managed by his brother James), which bis fraudulent practices had helped to bring about. Mr Merdle In Dickens'sLittle Dorritis drawn from him.

[111] Anthony Sadler ( ft. 1640), clergyman ; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1624; M.D., 1633; perhaps rector of West Thurrock, 1628.

[112] Anthony Sadler ( ft. 1630–1680), divine : B.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1632: presented to living of Mitcham, c. 1660: accused of disorderly practices: appointed to Berwick St. James; threatened with suspension for debauchery, 1681; published works of a political character.

[113] John Sadler (. 1595?), divine ; M.A. Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, 1540: original fellow of Trinity College, 1546: rector of Sudborough, 1568; published translation from Flavlus Vegetius Renatus. LI. 104

[114] John Sadler (1615–1674), master of Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1638: studied at Lincoln's Inn; master in ordinary in court of chancery 1644; master of requests; town-clerk of London, 1649; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1660-60; M.P., Cambridge, 1653, and Great Yarmouth, 1658: first commissioner under great seal, 1659: lost all offices after Restoration; published historical and other works.

[115] Michael Ferrebee Sadler (1819–1895), theologian; son of Michael Thomas Sadler; B.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1847; prebendary of Wells; rector of Honiton, 1864-95; published theological works.

[116] Michael Thomas Sadler (1780–1835), social reformer; while still young assisted methodist movement; engaged in business as importer of Irish linens at Leeds, 1800; took, as tory, enthusiastic interest in politics: opposed catholic emancipation, 1813: published Ireland: its Kvils and their Remedies 1828; Issued, 1S30, Law of Population expounding theory that prolincuess of human beings... varies inversely as their number which was attacked by Macaulay inEdinburgh Review: tory M.P., Newark, 1829 and 1830, and Aldborongh, Yorkshire, 1831-2; moved unsuccessfully for establishment of poor-law for Ireland, and moved resolution for bettering condition of agricultural poor In England, 1831: chosen parliamentary leader of the cause of radical working men; introduced bill for regulating labour of young people In mills and factories, 1831, and subsequently acted as chairman of committee to which it wa referred; F.R.S., 1832; published pamphlets and speeches.

[117] Sadleir Sadler , or 6ADLEYER, Sm RALPH 11507-1587), diplomatist: in service of Thomas Cromwell, after wards earl of Essex: gentleman of Henry VIU's privy chamber, c. 1536; sent to Scotland to advise King James to adopt an ecclesiastical policy antagonistic to Rome: one of Henry VIII's principal secretaries of state, r. 1537; knighted, 1542; sent to reside in Edinburgh on leath of James V with view of preventing revival of influence of Cardinal Beaton; treasurer of navy in Earl of Hertford's raid on Scotland; one of council of twelve to jurist executors in government of kingdom and guardianship of Edward VI, 1547; accompanied Hertford to Scotland as high treasurer of army; knight-banneret after battle of Pinkie, 1647; became agent of Cecil, 1558: had principal share in arranging treaty of peace and alliance between England and Scotland, 1560: chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1568; one of commissioners to treat with Scottish commissioners concerning Mary Queen of Scots, lt*8: psjjrimisji fsumaj In Sussex's expedition to quell rebellion on behalf of Dnke of Norfolk and Mary Queen of Scots; guardian of Mary Queen of Scots, 1580-1: envoy to Jauiw VI, 1587.

[118] Thomas Sadler , in religion VINCENT FAULTS (1604-1681), Benedictine; entered order of St. Benedict and made profession at Dleulouard, 1622; cathedral prior of Chester and defiuitor of the province, 1661; published religious works.

[119] Thomas Sadler (fl. 1670–1700), painter; son of John Sadler (1615-1674); pupil of Lely; drew portrait of John Bunyan, 1685.

[120] Thomas Sadler (1822–1891), divine; educated at University College, London, and at Bonn; Ph.D. Erlangen, 1844; Unitarian minister at Rosslyn Hill Chapel, Hampstead, 1846-91; published religious works; edited Crabb Robinson's Diaries 1869.

[121] Windham William Sadler (1796 - 1824), aeronaut; educated as engineer; gave up service of first Liverpool Gas Company to become professional aeronaut; crossed St. George's Channel from Dublin to Holyhead, 1817; died of injuries from balloon accident.

[122] Mark Sadlington (d. 1647); divine; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1581; fellow of Peterhouse College, Cambridge; M.A., 1584; lecturer, 1588; master of St. Olave's grammar school, Southwark, 1591-4; vicar of Sunbury, 1603-47; some historical writings have been attributed to him.

[123] Saebbi (d. 695?).

[124] Sjelrjed (d. 746).

[125] Sjewtjlf (fl. 1102), traveller and pilgrim to Syria; left manuscript account of journey from Monopoll to Palestine and back to Dardanelles.

[126] Mrs Saffery . MARIA GRACE (1772 - 1858), poet; nte Andrews; married, 1799, John Saffery, baptist minister at Salisbury, where she conducted a girls* school; published sacred and other poems.

[127] Thomas Saffold (d. 1691), empiric ; licensed by bishop of London to practise as a physician, 1674; practised in London; died under his own treatment.

[128] Safred (d. 1204).

[129] John Sage (1652 - 1711), Scottish nonjuring divine; M.A. St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews, 1669: minister of east quarter in Glasgow, 1685 j clerk of presbytery and synod; driven from Glasgow to Edinburgh by Cameronian outbreak; banished from Edinburgh for officiating as nonjuror, 1693: privately consecrated at Edinburgh as bishop without diocese or jurisdiction, 1705; published works relating to religious questions.

[130] William De Saham (d. 1304?), judge of king's bench under Edward I till 1289; constantly employed in judicial itinera.

[131] Sainbel or SAINT BEL, CHARLES VIAL DK (1753-1793), veterinary surgeon; born at Lyons; studied under Claude Bourgelat; assistant-surgeon and public demonstrator at veterinary college at Lyons, 1773: distinguished himself during epizootic among horses in France, 1774; assistant-professor, Royal Veterinary College, Paris; veterinary surgeon and physician at Lyons; equerry to Louis XVI and chief of manege at academy at Lyons; came to England, 1788; Veterinary College of London instituted with Sainbel as professor, 1791; wrote works on veterinary surgery (some published posthumously).

[132] William Noel Sainsbury (1825 - 1895), historical writer: assistant-keeper of records, 1887-91; published historical works and calendars of state papers.

[133] ST. ALBANS, DUKE OP (1670-1726). SeeBEAUCLKRK, CHARLKS.

[134] ST. ALBANS, DUCHESS OF (1777 ?-1837). See MELLON, HAKRIOT.

[135] ST. ALBAMS, EARL OF (d. 1684). See JERMYN, HENRY.

[136] ST. ALBANS, VISCOUNT (1561-1626). See BACON, FRANCIS.

[137] ST. ALBANS, ALKXANDKIl OF (1157-1217), See NECKAM, ALEXANDER.

[138] ST. ALBANS, ROGER OF (Jt. 1460).

[139] ST. ALBANS, WILLIAM OF (jt. 1178) hagiologist.

[140] ST. AMAND, ALMARIO DK (It. 1240), crusader; godfather to future Edward I, 12*9; went on crusade 1240.

[141] . Ut ST. AMAND. ALMARIC DB, third BAROX DK ST. AMAND (13147-1382), descendant of Almaric de St. Amand (Jt. 1240) q. T.I: served in Scotland, 1U8 and 1366, ami In France, 1342, 1346 and 1346, 1368 and 1368; justiciar of Ireland, 1367-9.

[142] ST. AMAHD, James (1687-1764), antiquary: educated probably at Westminster and at Lincoln College, Oxford: left to Bodleian Library collection of books, coins, print*, and manuscript*. Including notes used by Warton in his Theocritus, 1770.

[143] ST. AWDRE", NATHANAEL (1680-1776), anatomist; born in Switzerland; came early to England; local surgeon to Westminster Hospital; anatomist to George I's tlOHSjsiiold, 1723; lost court favour owing to belief in fraud practised by Mary Toft or Tofts and marriage (1730) with Lady Elizabeth Capel, wife of Samuel Molyneux, Immediately on her husband's death, which he was erroneously suspected of having hastened. His portrait appears In Hogarth's engraving, CuniculariL 1786.

[144] ST. AVBYV, CATHERINE (d. 1836), amateur artist; sister of Sir John St. Aubyn (1768-1839); her etchings were privately printed.

[145] ST. AUBYN, SIR JOHN, third baronet (1696-1744), politician; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford. 1721; M.P., Cornwall, 1722-44: joined opposition to Walpole; friend of Dr. William Borlase and Pope.

[146] ST. AUBYN, SIR JOHN, fifth baronet (1768-1839), educated at Westminster; sheriff of Cornwall, 1781: M.P., Truro, 1784, Penryn, 1784-90, and Helston, 1807-12: K.L.S.: K.S.A., 1783: F.R.S., 1797: collected fossils and minerals; hi* portrait painted by Reynolds.

[147] Saint -CARILEF or SAINT-CALAIS, WILLIAM OF (d. 1096). ST. GLAIR,

[148] Sainte -MERE-EOLISE (d. 1224).

[149] Saint -EVREMOND, CHARLES DB MARGUBTEL DB SAINT DENIS DE (16137-1703), soldier and poet; born perhaps at Salnt-Denis-le-Gnast, Normandy; studied at Jesuit College de Clermont, Paris, Caen University and College d'Harcourt, Paris; ensign in French army; captain, 1637; adopted views of Gassendi; lieutenant in Due D'Enghien's guards, 1642; fought at Rocroi (1643), Friedburg (1644), and Nordllngen (1648); served in Flanders, 1646, and In Catalonia, 1647; cashiered, 1648; marechal de camp in French king's armies during civil war, 1652; served In Spanish war in Flanders, 1664-9; accompanied embassy to England to congratulate Charles II on accession, 1661; had accompanied Maznrin, 1669, to conclude peace of Pyrenees, and wrote an attack on Maznrin and his policy, which being discovered on Mazarin's death (1661), compelled him to leave France; came to England, where be was Intimate with Grammont and other courtiers; in Low Countries, 1664-70; again In England, 1670-1703; attached himself to service of Duchess of Maznrin, 1676; buried In Westminster Abbey. He wrote occasional poems, some plays, and various essays, dialogues, dissertations, and reflections: a pirated selection in English appeared 1700, and an authentic edition, 1706.

[150] ST. FAITH'S, BENEDICT OF. 1400), Carmelite of St. Faith's, near Norwich.

[151] ST. FAITH'S, JOHN OF (d. 1369), theological writer: educated at Carmelite house of St. Faith's, near Norwich; studied at Oxford; governor of Carmelites of Burham Norton; wrote theological works, a work on Aristotle's De Coeloet Mundo a concordance to Thomas Aquinas and a Tabula Juris

[152] ST. FAITH'S, PETER OF (d. 1462), prior of Carmelite house of St. Faith's, near Norwich; master in theology, Cambridge; doctor of Sorbonne, Paris; wrote theological works. L l. 12ft

[153] ST. FAITH'S, ROBERT OF (A 1386), thmltjlM t Carmelite of St. Faith, near Norwich; papalaun u. U. Spain and England: died in Spain.::.

[154] ST. FAITH'S WILLIAM OF (*. Carmelite of St. Faith's, near Norwich; D.D.

[155] BainUkorfl? q. v.1: Richmond herald. 1616; knighted by Gostavn. A,!,,!!,!..,..,;.;; N, r,,,. fc!I1,,, f:irm..,,.,.,. M,,, M ford, 1643; Garter king-of-arms, 1644; left heraldic manuscripts.;;;.

[156] Saint -GEORGE, Sir Henry. the 1716), Garter king-of-arms; son of 8tr H* the elder; Garter kujg-ofH ( l arms, 1708.

[157] ST. OEOEOE, SIR JOHN (1812-1891), general; fin.* lieutenant, royal artillery. 1829; lieutenant-colonel. 18*4: Instructor In practical artillery, Woolwich. 1844-*: commanded siege-train in Crimea, 186*; O.B.. IBM; commanded artillery in Malta: colonel, 1867: director of ordnance, 1863-8; major-general, 1866; British at St. Petersburg conference, 1868; general, 1877: 1889; colonel-commandant, RJL, 1872.

[158] George Saint , SIR RICHARD (d. 1636) Norroy king-of-arms, 1603: knighted, 1616; kiug-of-arms, 1623; commissioned with Sir John Borough. Norroy king-of-arms, to institute visitations in any part of England, several of which were printed; left genealogical manuscripts.

[159] Saint -GEORGE, SIR THOMAS (1616–1703), Garter king-of-arms; ton of Sir Henry Saint-George the eldnr; Garter king-of-arms, 1686.

[160] Saint -GERMAN, CHRISTOPHER (1460?-1610). legal writer and controversialist: educated at Oxford, perhaps at Exeter College: barrister, Inner Temple: put.lishal religious controversial treatises and Doctor and Student, a legal handbook, in Latin, 1623. Translations in English appeared, 1630 and 1631.

[161] St Germans, third Earl of (1798-1877). See Edward Granville Eliot.

[162] John of St Giles (fl.–1230).

[163] Baron St Helens (1763-1839) See Alleyne Fitz Herbert.

[164] Bayle St John (1822-1869), author; son of James Augustus St. John; studied with view to artistic profession; assisted his father in History of Customs of Greece; travelled in Egypt, 1846 and 1861; lived in Paris, 1848-61; contributed toChambers's Journal and Household Words; correspondent at Paris of Daily Telegraph His publications include works of travel and fiction and various treatises.

[165] Charles George William St John (1809-1866), sportsman and naturalist; clerk in treasury, 1828, but soon retired on private means and devoted himself to sport, chiefly in Scotland; published Short Sketches of Wild Sports and Natural History of Highlands 1846, and other works.

[166] Henry Saint-John, first Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1761), statesman; son of Sir Henry St. John and Lady Mary, second daughter of Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick; educated at Eton and. perhaps Christ Church, Oxford; M.P. for family borough of Wootton-Bassett, 1701; supported Harley and tory party: appointed to prepare and bring in bill for security of protestant succession, 1701; received doctor's degree, Oxford, 1702; secretary at war, 1704-8; secretary of state, 1710; member for Berkshire, 1710; responsible for expedition to Canada, 1710; created Viscount Bolingbroke and Baron St. John of Lydiard Tregoze, 1712; wool to Paris to make final arrangements for peace, 1712; again took charge of peace negotiations, treaty of Utrecht being signed, 1713; privately negotiated with Pretender; dismissed from office on accession of George I; founded Brothers Club to direct patronage of literature and rival Whig Kit-Cat Club 1711; a motion for his impeachment carried, bill of attainder passed, and his name erased from roll of peers, 1714; fled to France; secretary of the Pretender, who gave him patent for an state to James earldom; drew up the Old security for church of England, to bring eventually removed from the document iiv the OH Pretender's priests, 1715: dismissed from the Pretender's service, 1716; omipii-d h.m-rlf with philotonbioal studies in France; pardoned, 1723; returned to London and joined Walpole's party; enabled, by act passed 1728, to inherit and acquire real estate, though still excluded from House of Lords: became estranged from Valpole owing to his opposition to this act; settled at Dawley, near Uxbridge, and became object of Pope's rererernxj; attacked the Walpoles and the government s foreign policy in papers Contributed to Craftsman and in other writings from 1726; wrote, c. 1730, philosophical fragments partly versified by Pope in Essay on Man; contributed to Craftsman' Dissertation on Parties, 1733; gave up the contest with Walpole, 1735, and retired to Chanteloup in Touraine, wrote essays upon history in form of letters to friends, and upon political subjects (including Patriot King 1738), but after 1739 ceased to influence politics. He left his works, published and unpublished, to David Mallet. A Collection of Political Tracts by him appeared, 1748, and Mallet published the collected works, 5 vols. 1754. His greatest powers lay in the art of oratory; his policy was a kind of democratic toryism, anticipating Disraeli's attacks upon the 'Venetian aristocracy'.

[167] Horace Stebbing Roscoe St John (1832-1888), journalist; son of James Augustus St. John; for many years political leader-writer on Daily Telegraph; became bankrupt, 1862; published historical and other works.

[168] James Augustus St John (1801-1875), author and traveller; assistant-editor under James Silk Buckingham of Oriental Herald 1824; with David Lester Richardson started Weekly Review 1827; resided on continent and subsequently travelled, mostly on foot, in Bgypt and Nubia; political leader-writer to Daily Telegraph. His works include accounts of his travels and a Life of Sir Walter Raleigh 1868.

[169] John de Saint-John (d. 1302), governor of Porchester Castle; extensive landowner; took part in Edward I's invasions of Wales, 1277 aud 1282; attended Edward I in Aquitaine, 1286-9: on mission to Nicholas IV respecting crusade, 1291; Edward I's lieutenant in Gascony, 1293; returned (1294) on Philip the Fair gaining possession of Gascon strongholds; seneschal and chief councilor to Edward's son John of Brittany when lieutenant in Aquitaine, 1294; made (1295) extensive conquests in Garonne valley which, excepting Bayonne, were soon won back by Philip's brother, Charles of Valois; defeated and captured by French near Bellegarde, 1297: released after treaty of L'Aumdne, 1299; warden of Galloway, Dumfries, aud adjacent marches, 1301.

[170] John St John (1746-1793), author; nephew of first Viscount Bolingbroke; educated at Trinity College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1770; M.P., Newport, Isle of Wight, 1773-4 and 1780-4, and Eye, 1774-80; surveyor-general of land revenues of crown, 1775-84; published Mary Queen of Scote, a tragedy produced at Drury Lane, London, by Mrs. Siddons and Kemble, 1789, and other works.

[171] Oliver St John, first Viscount Grandison and Baron Tregoz (1559-1630), lord-deputy of Ireland; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1578; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1580; killed George Beet in duel and fled to continent, 1584; promoted captain; commanded Essex's horse at siege of Rouen, 1591; returned to England, 1592; M.P. Cirencester, 1593; fought at battle of Nieuport, 1600. accompanied Mount joy to Ireland, 1601 { knighted, 1001 M.P., Portsmouth, 1604-7; master of ordnance in Ireland, 1606-14; Irish privy councillor, 1606; cominisioner for plantation of Ulster, 1608; M.P., Roscommon Irish parliament), 1613; lord-deputy of Ireland, 1616-22; English privy councillor, 1622; created Viscount Grandison of Limerick in Irish peerage, 1623; lord high treasurer of Ireland, 1626; made Baron Tregoz of Highworth in English peerage, 1626; on council of war, 1624.

[172] Oliver St John (1603-1642), son of Oliver St. John, fourth baron St. John of Bletsho and first earl of Uolingbroke; MP, Bedfordshire, 1624, 1625, 1626, and 1629; K.B., 1626; known by courtesy title of Lord St John; raised regiment for parliament on outbreak of wjr; held Hereford, 1643; died from wounds received at ML.

[173] Oliver St John, fourth Baron St John K P.I.KTSIIO mid first Earl of Bolingbroke (1580?-1646). M.P., Bedfordshire, 1601 and 1604; K.B., 1610; succeeded his father, 1618; created Earl of Bolingbroke, 1624; joined parliamentarians, 1642; named by parliament lordlieutenant of Bedfordshire, took covenant, and was lay member of Westminster Assembly, 1643; one of commissioners for custody of great seal, 1643.

[174] Oliver St John (1598?-1673), chief-justice; educated at Queens College, Cambridge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1626; connected with company for plantation of Providence island; counsel for Lord Saye and John Hampden in their resistance to payment of ship-money, 1637; M.P., Totnes, in Short and Long parliaments, 1640; opened attack on ship-money, 1640; solicitor-general, 1641-3; promoted bill for Stratford's attainder; drew up Root and Branch and Militia Bills; enabled by ordinance to perform duties of the attorney-general, who had joined Charles I, 1644; took solemn league and covenant; one of commissioners to treat for peace at Uxbridge, 1645; sided with army against parliament, 1647; chief-justice of common pleas, 1648; refused to act as commissioner for trial of Charles I; with Walter Strickland selected by parliament to negotiate alliance (the negotiations failed) between United Provinces and England, 1651; chancellor of Cambridge University 1651; commissioner of treasury, 1654; devoted himself exclusively to judicial duties; member of council of state, 1659 and 1660; published hisCase* to counteract rumours as to his share in Charles I's execution and his relations with the Cromwells, and escaped punishment other than perpetual incapacitation from office, 1660; left England, 1662. He was related to Cromwell by marriage.

[175] Oliver Beauchamp Coventry St John (1837-1891), lieutenant-colonel; educated at East India Company's College, Addiscombe; first lieutenant, Bengal engineers, 1858; went to India, 1859; took charge of fifth telegraph division (in Persia) in Lieutenant-colonel Stewart's expedition to establish telegraphic communication from India to Bosphorus, 1863-7; director of field telegraph and army signalling department of Abyssinian field force, 1867; captain, 1869; principal of Mayo Col lege, Ajmir, 1875; major, 1876; chief political officer attached to Kandahar field force, 1878; C.S.I., 1879; political agent for Southern Afghanistan, 1880; fought at the Halmand and Maiwand, and was at Kandahar during investment; officiating agent to governor-general for Baluchistan, 1881; K.O.S.I., 1882; lieutenant-colonel, 1886; resident and chief commissioner at Maisur and Kurg, 1889; published works on natural history and other subjects; died at Quetta.

[176] Percy Bolingbroke St John (1821-1889), journalist; son of James Augustus St. John, whom he accompanied on his travels; edited Mirror of Literature 1846, and London Herald 1861; works include translations of Gustave Aimard's Indian tales.

[177] Sir Christopher St Lawrence, twentieth or more properly eighth Baron Howth (d. 1589), called Blind Earl; sat in first Irish parliament of Queen Elizabeth's reign; rendered assistance against Shane O'Neill; knighted at Drogheda, 1569; joined agitation of Pale against cess and was imprisoned, 1578, but released with reprimand; opposed Sir John Perrot q. v. in attempt to induce parliament to consent to composition for cess, 1586; perhaps contributed to Book of Howth

[178] Sir Christopher St Lawrence, twenty-second or tenth Baron Howth (1568?-1619), son of Sir Nicholas St. Lawrence, twenty-first baron Hpwth; served under Essex in Leinster. 1599, and under Lorddeputy Mountjoy, 1600-5, against O'Neill, O'Donnell, and Tyrone; in service of Archduke, 1606-7; imprisoned on charge of complicity in conspiracy against Irish government, but released, 1608; charged (1609) with manslaughter of a servant of Sir Roger Jones, who had offended him, and forbidden to leave Ireland; pardoned, 1611; sat in parliament, 1612.

[179] Nicholas St Lawrence, sixteenth or fourth Baron Howth (d. 1526), son of Robert St. Lawrence, fifteen baron Howth; Lancastrian; attended Dublin parliaments, 1490 and 1493; served with Lord Kildarc in repelling invasion of Pale, 1504; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1509-13. ST. LAWRENCE ,,

[180] Sir Nicholas St Lawrence, twenty-first or ninth Baron Howth (l550?-1607), son of Sir Christopher St Lawrence, twentieth baron Howth (. 189); knighted, 1588; served with Sir Mliam Russell, first Knsll (1558?-1613) against Fiagh 1595.

[181] Robert St Lawrence, fifteenth Baron Howth (d. 1483), grandson of Christopher St. Lawrence, thirteenth lord Howth, created peer by writ, c. 1429; succeeded his father, c. 1463: chancellor of green wax of exchequer, 1467; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1483.

[182] Sir Anthony St Leger (1496?-1559), lord-deputy of Ireland; studied at Cambridge and Gray's Inn; agent of Thomas Cromwell in suppressing abbeys; member of jury of Kent which found against Anne Boleyn, 1536: gentleman of Henry VIII's privy chamber, 1538; knighted. 1539; escorted Anne of Cleves to England, 1539; lord-deputy of Ireland, 1540; subdued the Kavanaghs, O'Mores, O'Conors, O'Tooles, Desmond, MacGillapatrick of Ossory, Mac William of Connaught, O'Donnell, and finally O'Neill; passed act giving Henry VIII and heirs title of King of Ireland, 1541; K.G.; confirmed as deputy by Edward VI, 1547; returned to England, 1548, but was reconstituted lord-deputy, 1550; recalled for alleged papistical practices, 1551; acquitted by privy council, 1552, and reappointed, 1553; recalled on being charged by Sir William Fitzwilliam (1526-1599) with falsifying accounts, 1556; died while proceedings were in progress.

[183] Francis Barry Boyle St Leger (1799-1829), novelist; educated at Rugby: in Indian civil service, 1816-21; edited Album from 1822; published poems and novels.

[184] Warham St Leger (1525?-1597), soldier; son of Sir Anthony St. Leger: probably served in Somerset's invasion of Scotland, 1647; prisoner in Scotland till 1550: Irish privy councillor; knighted, 1565; appointed president of Munster, 1566, Queen Elizabeth refusing to confirm appointment; in England, 1569-79: provost-marshal of Munster, 1579-89; assistant to court of high commission in Ireland, 1583.

[185] Sir Warham St Leger (d. 1600), soldier: nephew of Sir Warham St. Leger (15267-1597): served in Ireland from c. 1574: Irish privy councillor, c. 1589; knighted and made governor of Letx, 1697; killed in combat with Hugh Maguire.

[186] William St Leger (d. 1642), president of Munster; son of Sir Warham St. Leger (d. 1600) q. v.; served in army in Holland, c. 1608-16: knighted, 1618; commanded company of foot in Ireland, 1624: lord president of Minister, 1627-42: privy councillor, 1627; freeman of Cork, 1628; M.P., co. Cork, 1634 and 1689; took part in organising army raised by Wentworth for invasion of Groat Britain, 1640-1; engaged till death in campaigns against rebels in great Irish rebellion.

[187] William Saint Leger or Salinger (1600-1665), Jesuit; born at Kilkenny: entered Society of Jesus at Tournai, 1621; professed of four vows, 1635: rector of Kilkenny College, 1650; published life of Archbishop Walsh, 1665.

[188] Baron St Leonards (1781-1876). See Edward Burtenshaw Sugden.

[189] Gilbert of St Lifard (d. 1306). See Gilbert.

[190] Simon de St Liz, Earl of Northampton (d. 1109).

[191] ST. LO, EDWARD (16827-1729). rear-admiral; entered navy, 1696; captain, 1703; served iu West Indies, North Sea, Channel, and Baltic; at blockade of Porto Bello, 1727-8; rear-admiral, 1729.

[192] ST. LO, GEORGE (d. 1718), naval commander: lieutenant, 1678: captain, 1682; wounded and captured by French at Brest, 1690; commissioner of prises, 1692; extra commissioner of navy, 1693; resident commissioner at Plymouth, 1696, and Chatham, 1703; commander-inchief in Medway and at Nore, 1712-14.

[193] ST. MOLYNS, LORD OF (d. 1554). See KAVANAGH, CAHIR MAC ART.

[194] BAnrroN, PROSIM.K I-MII.IIM-K (1811-1890), violinist; born at Toulouse; professor of violin at Toulouse conservatoire, 1840-6, and. Academy of Music, London, 1846-90.

[195] 8AINTON DOLBY, OHAHLOT 1886), contralto singer; wife of Prosper Philips rine Salnton: married, 1860: rtodVd u Academy of Music: flnt sang at Letpaiff, 1M: Mendebaohn, who wrote subsequently contralto mode in 'Elijah* to suit her voice: London, 1872:;

[196] 8T. PAUL, JOHN Dublin; clerk in chancery before 1S18; :,:...: m H: ifc -18; joint INBJ -..:. UM; pnbentfuq oj 01, tM*er, III d plays. of rolls, 1S37; imprisoned for malventlon, 1140; arcbdeacon of Cornwall and prebendary of York, 1346; archof Dublin, U49-K2: rhan.-Hior of Ireland, 1360-4 privy councillor, 1368.

[197] ST. QUINTIN, SIR WILLIAM, second baronet (16607-1723), politician; M.P. for Klngstoo-upon-Hnll, 1605-1723; joint vice treasurer, receiver-general, and paymaster of Ireland, 1720-3.

[198] ST. VICTOR, RICHARD OF (f. 1171?). See RICHARD.

[199] ST. VINCENT, EARL OF (1736-1829). See JERVIS, JOHN.

[200] 8AKT.R, EDWARD (1831-1883), actor; educated as architect; joined Edinburgh theatrical company, 1867; managed Edinburgh Royal Theatre, 1862-6, and Alexandra, Liverpool, 1867-83; produced many Shakespearean

[201] Horatio (Jt. 1860), actor; brother of Edward Saker; played low comely parts at Edinburgh, 1860-2, and subsequently at Princess's, London.

[202] George Augustus Henry Sala (18*8-1896), journalist; educated In Paris: studied drawing in Loo* don; worked successively as clerk, scene-painter at Princess's and Lyceum theatres, London, and as book illustrator; editor ofChat 1848; wrote regularly for Household Words 1861-6; sent by Dickens to Russia at close of Crimean war to write descriptive articles for Household Words 1866; contributed to All the Year Hound from 1858; formed friendship with Edmund Yates; contributed (1869) Twice Round the Clock to Vizetelly's Welcome Guest which for a short time he edited; contributedEchoes of the Week* to Illustrated London News 1860-86, and contributed to Sunday Times and several provincial papers, 1886-94; founded (1860) and editedTemple Bar 1860-6; joined staff ofDaily Telegraph 1867, and subsequently excited ridicule by bisturgidstyle: special correspondent of 'Telegraphin American civil war, 1863, and afterwards in various countries. Published novels and other works; much of his journalistic writing reappeared in book form.

[203] Charles Michel Dr Salaberry (1778–1829), Canadian soldier: lieutenant: served eleven years in West Indies under Robert Prescott; major and aide-de-camp to Major-general Rottenberg in Canada, 1811; lieutenant-colonel, 1812; defeated Americans at Chateauguay, 1812; C.B.: member of legislative chamber, 1818.

[204] John Salcot (d. 1567). See John Capon

[205] Lady Florentia Bale (1790?–1863) * Wynch; married Sir Robert Henry Sate, 1809; was in Kabul, 1842; shared the horrors of the British retreat, and was taken captive, but with her party was rescued by Sir Richmond Shakespeare; died at Cape Town. Her Journal was published in 1843.

[206] George Sale (1697?–1736) orientalist; entered Inner Temple, 1720: practised as solicitor; one of correctors of Arabic New Testament issued by S.P.C.K., 1726; published (1734) translation of the Koran, which remains the best version in any language; contributed oriental biographies to General Dictionary 1734, and assisted in Universal History; one of the founders of Society for Encouragement of Learning. Hi* oriental manuscripts are in the Bodleian Library.

[207] George Charles Sale (1796–1869), organist : eon of John Bate

[208] Kel Sal .D _ JOHN (1758-1827), vocalist and composer; chorister of Windsor and Eton, 1767-75, and lay vicar, 1777-98 r gentleman of Chupt-1 lloy.il, London, 17SH; vicar-cboral of St. Paul's, London, 1795, and almoner and master of choristers, 1800-12; lay vicar of Westminster Abbey, 1796-1800; published glees.

[209] John Bernard Bale (1779–1856), organist ; son of John Sale: lay vicar of Westminster, 1800 and 18M; organist of St. Margaret's, Westminster, 1809, and at Chapel Royal, London, 1838; teacher of singing to Princess (afterwards Queen) Victoria, 1826.

[210] Sir Robert Henry Sale (1782–1845), colonel ; ensign, 1795; lieutenant, 1797; served against Tipu Sultan, 1798-9, Dhondia Wagh, 1799-1800, and Paichi Raja, 1800-1; captain, 1806; served against the dewan of Travancore, 1809: in expedition against Mauritins, 1810; major, 1813: commanded regiment in Burmese war, 1824; fought at Kamandin and Kamarut; commanded column in advance from Rangoon, 1824; reduced province of Baasein, 1826; lieutenant-colonel, 182*: distinguished himself in operations at Prome, 18251826; O.B., 1826; brevet-colonel, 1838; commanded advanced brigade in first Afghan campaign, 1838-40; entered Kandahar, April 1839; arrived at Kabul, July 1839, and commanded storming column; K.O.B., 1839; second in command under Sir Willoughby Cotton in Afghanistan, 1839: gained victories atOharikar, Jalgah, Babu-Kush-Ghar, and in Kohistan valley, 1840; on rising of hillmen, 1841, advanced to clear passes to Jalalabad; occupied Khurd Kabul and Tezin, and after engagements at Pari-dara and Kotal-i-Jagdalak reached Gandamak, 30 Oct. 1841, and (though ordered, 10 Nov., to return to Kabul). Jalalabad, 12 Nov.; defended Jalalabad until 7 April IMS, when he defeated Akbar Khan, who fled towards Kabul; Q.C.B.; defeated enemy at Jagdalak pass, 8 Sept., and encamped at Kabul, 15 Sept.; returned to India, October; thanked by parliament and promoted colonel, 1843: quartermaster-general in East Indies, 1844; served in Sikh war: died from effects of wounds received at battle of Mudki.

[211] 1. 181 J 8ALE-BABXER, LUC Y ELIZABETH DRDMMOND DA VIES (1841-1 892), author; married John Sale-Barker, her second husband, 1865; published books for the young. 8ALE8BTJRY.

[212] Salesby 1 ROBERT OF (fl. 1132–1148).

[213] Robert 8ALOADO, JAMES (ft. 1680), Spanish refugee; converted from Romanism to protestantism; came to England, c. 1677; studied at Oxford; published religious works.

[214] Earls of Salisbury . See LONOKSI-KK, WILUAM PK, first EARL of the Longespee family, d. 1226; LONGKSPKB, WILLIAM UK, second EARL, 12127-1250; MONTACUTK, WILLIAM DB, first EARL of the Montacute family, 1301-1344; MONTACUTE, WILLIAM HE, second EARL, 1328-1397; MONTACUTK, JOHN DE, third EARL, 13607-1400; MONTACUTE, THOMAS DE, fourth EARL, 13H8-1428; NEVILLE, RICHARD, first EARL of the Neville family, 1400-1460; NEVILLE, RICHARD, second EARL, 1428-1471: OKCIL, ROBERT, first EARL of the Cecil family, 1563 7-1612; CECIL, JAMES, third EARL, d. 1683; CECIL, JAMES, fourth EARL, d. 1693.

[215] Countebh of Salisbury (1473–1541). See POLE, Margaret

[216] Enoch Robert Gibbon Salisbury (1819–1890), barrister; called to bar, Inner Temple, 1852: went North Wales circuit: M.P. for Chester, 1867; collected and published works on books relating to Wales.

[217] Salisbury or SALESBURY, HENRY (1561–16377), Welsh grammarian: M.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1588: physician at Denbigh; published Welsh grammar, 1593, and left unfinished manuscript of WelshLatin dictionary.

[218] John Dk Salisbury (d. 1180).

[219] John Salisbury (1500?-1573), bishop of Sodor and Man; M.A. Cambridge, 1523: B.D., 1534; Benedictine of Bury 8t. Edmunds: graduated in laws, Oxford, 1MO; prior of St. Faith's, Horsham; abbot of St. Mary's, Titchfleld; suffragan bishop of Tbetford, 1536: arcbof Anglesey, 1537; lost prefermente, 1564, bat was subsequently restored: chancellor of Lincoln, 1554; bishop of Sodor and Man, 1571-3.

[220] John Salisbury (1575–1625), Welsh Jesuit : joined Jesuits, 1605; prof essed father, 1618; missioncr in North Wales; founded and became superior of college of St. Francis Xavier, 1622; published translations into Welsh.

[221] John Salisbury (fl. 1627), member of English College at Rome; published a Latin poem.

[222] John Salisbury (fl. 1695), first printer nml editor of Flying Post 1695; probably grandson of Thomas Salisbury (1567 ?-1620 ?)

[223] Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829), botanist: son of Richard Markham, cloth-merchant of Leeds; educated at Edinburgh University; assumed name Salisbury under conditions of a bequest, 1785; wrote on botanical subjects, appropriating much of other men's work; honorary secretary, Horticultural Society, London. 1809-10. Left incomplete materials for Genera Plantarum published by John Edward Gray, 1866.

[224] Roger of Salisbury (d. 1139).

[225] Salisbury or SALESBURY, THOMAS (1565?1586), conspirator; entered Gray's Inn, 1573; in service of Earl of Leicester: joined secret society for protecting Jesuit missionaries in England, c. 1580; arrested for complicity in Babington's conspiracy, 1686; admitted undertaking to stir up sedition in favour of Mary Queen of Scots, but denied intention of murdering Queen Elizabeth; executed.

[226] Salisbury or SALBERYE, THOMAS (1567–71620 ?), printer and Welsh poet; apprenticed, 1581; freeman of StationersCompany, 1688; printed Psalms in Welsh metres, 1603, and other works of protestnnt character.

[227] Salesbury Salisbury , or SALUSBURY, SIR Thomas second baronet (d. 1643), poet; educated at Jesus College, Oxford; entered Inner Temple, 1631; succeeded to baronetcy, 1631; M.P., Denbighshire, 1640-3; fought for Charles I in civil war; D.C.L. Oxford, 1642; published History of Joseph a poem, 1636.

[228] Salisbury or SALESBURY, WILLIAM (1520–71600 7), lexicographer; born in Denbighshire; educated at Oxford; studied law at Thavies Inn and Lincoln's Inn: converted to protestantism before 1550; edited and published, c. 1546, collection of Welsh proverbs compiled byGruffydd Hiraethog, probably earliest extant book printed in Welsh; issued Dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe 1547: probably translated Latenye in Welshe printed by Walley, 1563: entrusted by bishops of Welsh sees and of Hereford with translation of bible into Welsh, 1563; translated New Testament, with assistance of Thomas Huett, precentor of St. David's, and Bishop Richard Davies (d. 1581) (printed, 1567, by Henry Deuhnm); assisted Davies in translating various works into English; devoted himself after c. 1676 to scientific and antiquarian pursuits; published a Welsh book on rhetoric, 1595, and left several manuscripts.

[229] Salisbury or SALESBURY, WILLIAM (1580–71659 ?), royalist; of Oriel College, Oxford; knight of shire for Merioneth, 1620-2; raised Welsh foot regiment for Charles I, and received commission of colonel, 1642; governor of Denbigh Castle, 1643; surrendered to General Mytton after long siege, 1646; fined and pardoned by parliament, 1648.

[230] William Salisbury (d. 1823), botanist : nurseryman at Brompton, and (1799) at Cadogan Place, Sloane Street, London, where he held botanical classes; published botanical works. 8ALKELD, JOHN (1676-1660), Roman catholic renegade; perhaps educated at Queen's College, Oxford; studied under Jesuits at Coimbra and Cordova; joined English mission; converted to protestantism; received living of Wellington, 1613; rector of Church Taunton, 1636; deprived as royalist, 1646; published religious works.

[231] William Salkeld (1671–1715), legal writer: educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1698; chief-justice of sessions for counties of Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Pembroke, 1713; serjeant-atlaw, 1715; published legal writings.

[232] Andrew Ball (1612–1888), Irish jesuit: boni at :a-h.-l:.-lucated at St. Omer; rector of Irian ColleM, Salamanca, lti62-8; profesaed of four row, r. l,,; vincial snp-rior of Irish jeaulU. e. 1662: announced cooversion to church of England, 1674: D.D. Trinity College, Dublin; published ri-llgious apology for him self, 107B: D.D. Oxford, 1876: prebendary of Dublin. 176; chancellor of Cashd. 1676: kmestk chaplain to Charles II: lived at Oxford, 1676-80, and at 1 1680-2; left unfinished an edition of William Bedell translation of Old Testament into Irish; publtehed religious and philosophical writing*.: -.

[233] Kliza Salmon ( 1787–1849), vocalist ; 4 Munday : first tppearad in oratorio at Coven t i Jiirdrn. inuS: married James.Salmon, 1806: sang at Thnv Choirs Festivals, 1812-24; lost her voice, 1826; died in poverty.

[234] John Salmon (. 1825). bUhon of Norwich . prior of Kly U-fore 1291: bishop of Norwich, 1299-1326: negotiated Kdwnnl H's marriage, 1307: went on misPope Clement IV to obtain absolution for IHers Gavestou, 1309; elected ordainer, 1310: chancellor, 131

[235] John Drew Salmon (1802?–1850), manager of Wenham Iuke Ice Company: F.L.S.. IKS2: pui.li-,,-! and left in ir.auuscript writings on ornithology and botany. -._,.

[236] Nathanael Salmon (1676–1712). historian and antiquary: POII of Thomas Salmon (lIH-1706); LL.B. orpin Christi College, Cambridge, 1695; ordained: curate at Weatinill: resigned charge, e. 1714, and practised medicine; published antiquarian and historical works.

[237] Robert Salmon (1768–1821), inventor: clerk of works under Henry Holland (1746 ?-1808); architect and mechanist to Francis Uussell, fifth duke of Bedford, at Wobuni Abbey, 1794-1821; invented first haymaking machine, 1814; silver inednilLst, Society of Arts.

[238] Thomas Salmon (1648–1706),divine : M.A. Trinity College, Ox fon 1, 1670; studied music: publishedEssay to the Advancement of Mu.-ick advocating octave system proposed by William Bathe, 1672; hekl various livings; published also hUtorieal treatise*.

[239] Thomas Salmon (10.79-1767), historical and geographical writer; son of Thomas Salmon (1648-1706) : travelled many years abroad; accompanied Anson on voyage round the world, 1739-40: published historical and geographical works, including Modem History, or Present State of all Nation* 1739.

[240] William Salmon (1644–1713), empiric ; travelled in various countries us mountebank, and subsequent h practised medicine in London; published works on medicine, astrology, drawing, surgery, and other subject*, though he vas perhaps only the amanuensis of another person.

[241] William Salmon ( ft. 1746), carpenter awl bulkier at Colchester: published works on building.

[242] Johann Peter Salomon (1746–1815), mn-ician ; born at Bonn: court musician to elector of Bonn, r. 1757; toured;i violinist, 1765; concertmeister to Prince Henry of Prussia: led orchestra at Covent Garden, London, 1781: gave concerts with Mozart and Haydn at Hanover Square rooms, London, 1791-2: took part in establishing Philharmonic Society, 1813; composed operas.

[243] Salomons Sm DAVID, first baronet (1797–1873), lord mayor of London: outraged in commerce in Londoi; a founder of London and West minster Bank, 1832; lirrinan of Coojjen Company: elected alderman for Aldgatc ward, 183ft, and for Portsoken ward, 1M. but being Jew was not admitted: elected and adrnittl alderman of Cord-wainer -ward, 1847: member of Middle Temple, 1849; liberal M.P. for Greenwich. 1861; fined for voting without having been sworn in statutory way: again member for ireenvich, 1859-73; lord mayor, 1*55; created baronet, 1869; publi.-hed works on finance and other subjects.

[244] Ii Knry Salt (1780–1827), traveller : ent by governmait on mission to king of Abyssinia, 1H09-11: British onsul-vnirr:;l in K*ypt, 1H15-27; discovered the famous Abu Simbel inscription*, is 17; collected Egyptian antiquities, some of which he bold to the trustees of the British Museum and others to the French forernment: FJIA; . and other works.

[245] Salt 8AMUBL(f. 1792), poUUdan: entered Middle Illlllf 1741 mul !..* n__.*l_ 1V.4C. __ll_l. ,. Tanple, 1741, and Inner Temple, 1T: called to bar. 17M; bencoer at Inner Temple, 17M, raa :-. M.;. -, r,.;;.- *,,. 1787; wa. hU clerk for nearly forty jrwra. SALT, s in TITDS(180a- 1876),

[246] William Salt (180-18JX BUffonUhlre anti. quarj: partner In firm of Stcventon Salt * BOM, banker* of Lombard Street, London: PAA.; member of Royal Society of Literature; made archwological eoUaotion* r! tefte BteC.-..::.: bcMd (:.,:,,::..,,.,,, and located at Staffonl.

[247] SALTER. JAMES (. 1666), author ofCaliope-* Cabinet opened 1666. 8ALTZR. James (1660-1718?), divine: educated at MmMulen College, Oxford; h.-ld living* in Cornwall and vk grammar and a sacred poem.

[248] James Salter (ft. 1723), proprietor of Saltero's Coffee- house Chelsea, where he made a huge collection of curiosities (sold by auction, 1799).

[249] James Salter (. 1767), clergyman : son of James Salter (1660-1718 ?); B.A. New Inn Hall, Oxford; vicar of St. Mary Church, 1718-67.

[250] Salter .10HN WILLIAM ( 1820–1869 X geologist: apprenticed to James de Carle Sowerby, 1836; enLM-_( -.I in illustrating works on natural history; assisted Adam Sedgwick, 1842-6; assistant to Edward Forbes in geological survey, 1846; F.G.S., 1846; paheontologist to the survey. 1864-63; wrote extensively ou pala-ontology and geology.

[251] Samuel Salter (. 1756?), divine ; D.D. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1728; prvbendary of Norwich, 1728; archdeacon of Norfolk, 1734; member of Dr. Johnsou's circle of friends.

[252] Samtfl Salter f,. 1778), master of the London Charterhouse: son of Samuel Salter (rf. 1766?); of Charterhouse.School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A., 1737; frllow. 1736-8: prebendary of Gloucester, 1738, of Norwich, 1744; D.D. Lambeth, 1761; preacher at Charterhouse from 1754, and ma ter, 1761-78; published religious and other writings. L 217J

[253] Thomas Salter (ft. 1580), author of A Mirrhor mete for all Mothers 1579, and other works of puritan tendency.

[254] Thomas Frederick Salter (ft. 1814–1826), author; published "The Angler's Guide for fishing in London district, 1814.

[255] William Salter (1804–1876), painter: resided in Italy. 1827-33; finished picture, The Waterloo Banquet at Apsley House 1841; member of Society of British Artists, 1846, and, later, vice-president.

[256] SALTHOUSE. THOMAS (1630-1C91X quaker; converted to quokerism by George Fox at Swarthmoor, 1662; frviucntly fined and imprisoned for preaching; published religious works.

[257] SALTMARSH, JOHN (. 1647), mystical writer; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge: advocated episcopacy, but subsequently adopted Calvtnirtic views; joined controversy, 1643-4, with Thomas Fuller (1608- 1661) ; rector of Brasted, 1646; army chaplain under Sir Thomas Fairfax (afterwards third Baron Fall fax) , 1646; published controversial and other religious writings.

[258] SALTONSTALL, CHARLES (ft. 1..I2X writer on U fq. T.; sea navigation: brother of Wye Saltoostall captain; published Navigator 1641.

[259] Saltonstall 8ALTON8TALL, SIR RICHARD (1521 ?-1601), lord mayor of London; master of SkinnersCompany, 1589, 169S, 1598, and 1699; M.P., city of London, 1586: r-lu-riir, 1688; lord mayor, 1597-8; knighted, 1598; governor of Merchant AdventurersCompany; interested in East India Company.

[260] 8ALTON8TALL, RICHARD (1686-1658), colonist; nephew of Sir Richard Saltonstall (1521 ?-160l); justice of West Riding, Yorkshire: knighted, 1618; member and assistant, Massachusetts Bay Company, 1629; in Massachusetts, 1630-1.

[261] Wyb Saltonstall (fl. 1630–1640), translator ; grandson of Sir Richard Saltoustall (1521 ?-1601); educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and, perhaps, at Gray's Inn; published or left in manuscript verse translations from Ovid and other works.

[262] 8ALTOUN, sixteenth BARON (1786-1863). See FRASER, ALEXANDER GEORGE.

[263] 8ALTREY, HENRY OF (ft. 1160).

[264] 8ALTWOOD, ROBERT (fl. 1540), monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury; wrote Comparyson betwene iii j byrdes a poem in seven-line stanzas, printed c. 1550.

[265] Sir Gerard Salveyn (d. 1320), judge: employed on miss'on to France, 1303; justice of trailbaston in Yorkshire, 1304; knight of shire for Yorkshire, 1304 and 1807, and sheriff, 1311-14; escheator north of Trent, c. 1807-9; imprisoned for oppression, 1314-15; supported Thomas of Lancaster, 1318, but was pardoned.

[266] Anthony Salvin (1799–1881), architect; pupil ef John Nash; practised in London; executed restorations at Tower of London, Windsor, and other castles and country seats; F.R.I.B.A., 1836, vice-president, 1839, and gold medallist, 1863; F.S.A., 1824-81; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1823-36.

[267] Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), naturalist; son of Anthony Salvin; of Westminster School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1860; honorary fellow, 1897; travelled in Central America and other parts of the world collecting natural-history specimens; Strickland curator of ornithology at Cambridge, 1874-82; F.Z.S., 1860: F.L.S., 1864; F.R.S., 1873; edited, conjointly with Mr. F. D. Godman,Biologia Centrali-Americana and published scientific writings.

[268] Humphrey Salwey (1575?-1652), parliamentarian; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and Inner Temple; took side of parliament in civil war; appointed but refused to serve as judge at Charles I's trial, 1649.

[269] Richard Salwey (1615–1685), parliamentarian ; grocer in London: M J*., A ppleby, 1645; member of com. missions on Irish matters, 1616 and 1650; English am'bassador at Constantinople, 1654; member of committee of safety and of council of state, May 1659; commissioner for navy, 1659; imprisoned on suspicion of complicity in Farnley Wood plot, 1663-4.

[270] Richard Samble (1644–1680), quaker minister and travelling preacher; published religious works.

[271] Adolph Samelson (1817–1888), ophthalmic sur(reon; born at Berlin; M.D. Berlin, 1840; practised at Zehdenick, Brandenburg, and subsequently took up diseases of eye at Berlin; compelled, through political opinions, to leave country, and began practice at Manchester, 1867; published surgical and other writings. 1. 2281

[272] Aylett Sammes (1636?-1679?), antiquary; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, c. 1659; incorporated at Oxford, 1677; entered Inner Temple, 1657; published Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 1676.

[273] Henry Sampson (1629?-1700), nonconformist minister and physician; son of William Sampson (1590?-1636?); B.A. and fellow, Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1660; M.A., 1653; rector of Framlingham, 1650; deprived, 1660; M.D. Leyden, 1668; practised in London; honorary P.R.O.P., 1680; published archaeological and religious works.

[274] Henry Sampson (1841–1891), journalist; entered printing office, c. 1853; engaged in sporting journalism; editor of Fun 1874-8; as part proprietor and editor, with pseudonym Pendragon started Referee 1877.

[275] Richard Sampson (d. 1554), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; of Clement Hostel and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; D.C.L., 1513; chaplain to Wolsey; advocate, 1515; dean of St. Stephen's, Westminster, and of Chapel Royali London, and Henry VIII's chaplain, 1516; archdeacon of Cornwall, 1517; prebendary of Nexvbold, 1519; resident ambassador to Spain, 1522-5; dean of Windsor, 1523-36; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1526-34, of Lincoln. 1527; archdeacon of Suffolk, 1529; supported Henry VIII's divorce; prebendary and dean of Lichfield, 1533; treasurer of Salisbury, 1534; bishop of Chichester, 1536-43, of Coventry and Lichfield, 1543-54; lord-president of Wales; published theological treatises.

[276] Thomas Sampson (1517?–1589), puritan divine; of Pembroke Hal1, Cambridge; entered Inner Temple, 1547; converted to protestantism; rector of All Hallows, Bread Street, London, 1551; dean of Ohichester, 1552; fled to continent, 1556, and returned on Queen Elizabeth's accession; canon of Durham, 1560; dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1561, deprived and placed temporarily in confinement, 1565; prebendary and penitentiary of St. Paul's, London, 1570; master of Wigston's hospital, Leicester, 1567-89; published religious works; concerned in translation of Geneva Bible, published, 1560.

[277] William Sampson (1590?–1636?), dramatist ; of humble birth; joined (1612) with Gervase Markham in writing tragedy on story of Herod (published, 1622); subsequently produced independently The Vow Breaker printed 1636, and, perhaps, The Widow's Prize licensed for publication, 1653.

[278] William Sampson (1764–1836), United Irishman and jurist; educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and Lincoln's Inn; called to Irish bar; wrote against Irish government in Northern Star at Belfast; joined United Irishmen: took lead in movement for arming against French, 1797; contributed to the Press the Dublin organ of United Irishmen; imprisoned on suspicion of holding French commission, 1798; arrested on suspicion of writing pamphlet by Edward Cooke (1755-1820) against union, 1799; banished to France, and subsequently to America; practised at American bar; published Memoirs and legal and other writings; died at New York.

[279] Joseph Sams (1784–1860), orientalist ; successively schoolmaster and bookseller at Darlington; travelled in Europe and the East in search of antiquities, which he collected and catalogued.

[280] Samson (fl. 550), British saint ; educated at monastic school at Uantwit Major; ordained By Dubricins JDyfrig); abbot of a monastery, possibly on Oaldy island; established community on banks of Severn; abbot 01 monastery of Germanus; consecrated bishop; built monastery of Dol in Brittany, where he died.

[281] Samson (d. 1112), bishop of Worcester ; born at Douvres, near Caen; brother of Thomas of Bayeux (d. 1100) ; studied at Liege and Angers; clerk in William I's chapel; canon and treasurer of church of Bayeux, 1082; consecrated bishop of Worcester and admitted to priest's orders, 1096; buried in Worcester Cathedral. L 238

[282] Samson (1135–1211), abbot of St. Edmund's; born at Tottington; M.A. Paris; made monastic profession, 1166; mitred abbot of St. Edmund's, 1182; appointed by Pope Lucius III judge delegate in ecclesiastical causes, 1182; exempted, with his successors, from metropolitan jurisdiction, 1188; fought at siege of Windsor, 1193; visited Richard I, when captive, in Germany; justice errant; one of papal commissioners for settling quarrel between Archbishop Hubert and Canterbury monks, 1200; wrote theological treatises. His rule was successful, morally and financially, and he added extensively to the abbey buildings. The abbot Samson of Carlyle'sPast and Presentis rather a rhetorical construction than a historical personage.

[283] Joseph Samuda D'AGUILAR (1813–1886), engineer: entered partnership, 1832, with his brother Jarob . 1844); engaged chiefiy in building marine engines, 1832-42, and in laying down railway lines on atmospheric principle, 1843-8; b of iron for war and merchant naviea, 1843: original treaenrer find member of council of In iwjii; M.I.C.K., 1863; liberal M.P for TavUtock, 186618B8, and for Tower Hamlet*, 1868-80; wrote on engine-ring subject*.

[284] Edward Samuel (1674–174* X Welsh divine; of Oriel College, if..ni: l..-ld uooeMlvely rec Merionetliihire aud Denbighshire; translated books Into Welsh; published Webb works In vene and prose.

[285] George Samuel (d. 1833?), landMape-palnter ; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1786-1813.

[286] Richard Samuel (Jl. 1770–1786), portraitpainter; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1773-9.

[287] William Samuel (Jl. 1651–1569), divine; in service of Duke of Somerset; published religious and poetical works.

[288] Samways or SAMWAIES, PETER (1616–1693), royalist divine; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1641; D.D., 1660; vicar of Cheshunt: expelled by parliamentarians; obtained preferment at Rertoration: prebendary of York, 1668; published religions works.

[289] David Samwell (rf. 1799), surgeon ; accompanied Captain Cook on third voyage of discovery, as surgeon's first mate; subsequently lived In London.

[290] Ignatius Bancho (-1739–1780), negro writer; born at sea; brought to England at early age; butler to second Duchess of Montagu, 1749-51, and subsequently served George Montagu, fourth duke of Manchester; formed acquaintance with Sterne, 1766; grocer in Charles Street, Westminster, 1773, where he spent latest years in writing letters in Sterne's manner. His Letters were published, 1783.

[291] William Sancroft (1617–1693), archbishop of Canterbury; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1641; D.D., 1662; fellow and tutor, 1642; bursar, 1644; published attack on Calvinism, 1658; studied at Padua; returned home, 1660; chaplain to Bishop Oosin: employed in Savoy conference; Charles II's chaplain, 1661; prebendary of Durham, 1662; master (1662-4) of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he founded new chapel; dean of York, and, later, of St. Paul's, London, 1664; greatly assisted In work connected with rebuild'ng St. Paul's Cathedral, 1666; archdeacon of Canterbury, 1668-70: archbishop of Canterbury, 1678; crowned James II, 1685; refused to serve iu high commission court established by James II; refused to read James II's declaration of liberty of conscience, and signed, with six bishops petition to James II, 1688; imprisoned in Tower of London; tried on charge of seditious libel and acquitted: signed declaration calling on William of Orange to assist In procuring peace and a free parliament 1688, but was in favour of appointing him merely etutot regni, not king; suspended, 1689, and deprived, 1690; published treatises aud prepared for the press Laud's 'Memorials

[292] Johannes Sanctofidensis (d. 1359 See John of St Faith's.

[293] Francisco Sancto, ANGELUS A (1601–1678),

[294] Francisco Sancto , BERNARD A (1628–1709).

[295] Germano Sancto , JOHANNES DR (Jl. 1170).

[296] John Db Sandale (d. 1 31 9), bishop of Winchester ; one of Edward I's clerks, 1294; controller of receipt* in Gascony, 1297; treasurer, 1299, and subsequently chancellor, St. Patrick's, Dublin; chamberlain of Scotland, c. 13031307; chancellor of exchequer, 1307-8; lieutenant for treasurer, 1308-10; treasurer, 1310-11, 1312, and 1818; held various prebends; archdeacon of Richmond, 1309; chancellor, 1314-18; bishop of Winchester, 1316-19.

[297] Thomas Oollett Bandars ( 1825–1894), editor of Justinian; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1848; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1849; M.A., 1851; called to bar, 1851; edited Justinian's Institutes 1863.

[298] 8ANDBY. PAUL (17X6-1809), i and engraver; htU appointment la department at Tower o London, 174 David W. survey till 1761; lesqued many of Hogarth* works; exhibited at Sooirty of Artista, 1760-a, and WM director, 1766; chief drawingBarter, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 17*8-07: original R. A.. 1768, and exhibited between 17U and UN*: Introduced into England aquatintprocess of engravIng; Diooeerc topographical art ta England.

[299] Thomas Sandby (1731-17MX draughtaman and architect; kept with his brother, Paul Sandby q. v.L an academy at Nottingham: private secretary and draughtsman to William Augustus, duke of ~ 1743, ami accompanied him in ~ 1743-8; deputy-ranger of Windsor Great Park, 1744-M; formed Virginia Water, and made alterations in Windsor Park: original RJL, 1768; first of architecture to Academy, 1770: built FreemasonsHall, Queen Street, Lincoln Inn Fields, London, 1776: joint architect with James Adam of his majesty's work., 1777; master-carpenter of his majesty's works In England, 1780,

[300] Robert Bandsman (1718–1771), Scottish sectary; educated at Edinburgh; came under Influence of John Glas, whose views he adopted; linen manufacturer at Perth, 1736-44; elder In Olasslte community, 1744; exercised ministry successively in Perth, Dundee, Edinburgh, and London (1760); went to New England, 1764, and founded church at Portsmouth, new Hampshire, 1766: published letters and other writings.

[301] 8ANDEMAN, Sm ROBERT GROVES (1836-1893), major; educated at St. Andrews: appointed to 33rd Bengal Infantry, 1856; served with Probyn's bone in mutiny; magistrate of Dera Ghasi Khan, 1866: conducted negotiations which led to treaty with kRan of Khalat, 1876; C.S.I., 1877; agent to governor-general In Itahichistan, 1877-92; major; K.CJB.L, 1879; aided Sir Frederick (afterwards Lori) Roberts iu transport service to Quetta and Kandahar, 1880.

[302] Sanders alias BAINES, FRANCIS (1648–1710), Jesuit; bom in Worcestershire; studied at St. Omer, and English College, Rome: joined Jesuit*, 1674: professed of II at 81 O four vows, 1684: confessor to exiled J main; published religious works. .it HJT

[303] Francis Williams Sanders (1769–1831), conveyancer; banister, Lincoln's Inn, 18o3; practised as conveyancer; published legal writings.

[304] George Sanders (1774–1846), portrait-painter; apprenticed as coach-painter at Edinburgh; from 1807 worked as miniaturist in London and subsequently as portrait-painter.

[305] John Sanders or Saunders (1760-18M), painter; studied at Royal Academy; exhibited portrait* and other pictures from 1771; practised successively at Norwich and Bath.

[306] Nicholas Sanders or Sander (1530?–1581). controversialist and historian; fellow, New College, Oxford, 1548; B.C.L., 1651; lectured on canon law; D.D. Rome; ordained priest; In attendance successively on cardinal legate Stanislaus Hoslua, and Commendone; at Louvaln, 1666-73; regius professor of theology, Louvaln; joined controversy provoked by Bishop Jewel's challenge; published bis great work, De Visibili Monarchia Ecclesiae, 1 1671; in Madrid working for dethronement of Queen Elizabeth in favour of Roman catholic sovereign, 1673; sent as papal nuncio to Ireland to excite rebellion, 1679; secured adherence of Desmond; after many times narrowly escaping capture died of dysentery: left historical and other manuscript*, printed posthumously.

[307] Robert Sanders ( 1 727-1 783 X compiler; hack-writer in London, c. 1760; compiled Newgate Calendar 1764, Complete BnglUb Traveller, or Survey of England and Wales 1771, and other works, fj. 363

[308] William Sanders (1799–1876), geologist ; corn merchant at Bristol; F.G.S., 1839: F.R.S., 1864: made careful survey of geology of Bristol district.

[309] Rutherford William (1828 188nTDhv*icia'n: educated at High School, Kdinbmvh, and at Montpellier: B.-e*.-L., 1844; M.D. Edinburgh, tudied medicine in Paris and Heidelberg: pathot to Royal Infirmary, Bdlnburgh: conservator of am of Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, 1853; veirian to Royal Infirmary, 1861; professor of pathoEtanrh 1869-81; afflicted with right hemiplegia aphasia, 1880; published medical writings.

[310] James Sanderson (1769?–1841?), musician; led orchestra at Alley's Theatre, London, 1788; composer and musical director at Royal Circus, London, 1793; published musical compositions; composed the accepted tune of Comin' thro the Rye.

[311] John Sanderson (rf. 1602), Roman catholic divine M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1561; logic wader, 1562; expelled from university for suspicious doctrine; went to Douay; ordained priest;D.D. Douay: divinity professor in English College, Rheims, 1580; produced religious and other writings.

[312] Robert Sanderson (1587–1663), bishop of Lincoln; B.A. and fellow, Lincoln College, Oxford, 1606; M.A., 1608; D.D., 1636; reader in logic, 1608; prebendary of Southwell, 1619, and of Lincoln, 1629; rector of Boothby Pagnell, 1619 (sequestered, 1643); regius professor of divinity at Oxford, 1642: ejected by parliamentary visitors, 1648, but reinstated, 1660; bishop of Lincoln, 1660-3; moderator at conference with presbyterians at the Savoy, London, 1661; published philosophical and religious works; author of the second preface, It hath been the wisdom &c., to the Book of Common Prayer.

[313] Robert Sanderson (1660–1741), historian ; educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; clerk in Rolls Chapel, London; contributed largely to compilation of Rymer's Foedera and published vols. xvi-xx. (17151735) after Rymer's death; one of founders of revived Society of Antiquaries, 1717; usher of high court of chancery, 1726; left manuscript history of reign of Henry V.

[314] Thomas Sanderson (1759–1829), poet; schoolmaster at Greystoke, near Penrith, 1778: lived in seclusion at Sebergham; schoolmaster successively at Blackball and Beaumont; published Original Poems 1800, and other works. His Life and Remains appeared, 1829.

[315] Sir William Sanderson (1586?–1676), historian; secretary to Henry Rich, earl of Holland, when chancellor of Cambridge University: took side of royalists; gentleman of privy chamber to Charles II; knighted; his works include a history of Mary Queen of Scots and her son James, 1656, and a history of Charles I, 1658, which involved him hi a controversy with Peter Heylyn.

[316] Daniel Sandford (1766–1830), bishop of Edinburgh: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1791: D.D., 1802: opened episcopal chapel in Edinburgh, 1792; bishop of Edinburgh, 1806-30; published religious writings.

[317] Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford (1798–1838), professor of Greek at Edinburgh; son of Daniel Sandford; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1825; D.O.L., 1833: professor of Greek, Glasgow University, 1821; knighted, 1830: M.P., Paisley, 1834-5; author of translations from the Greek and educational Greek works; joint-editor of Popular Encyclopedia

[318] Francis Sandford (1630–1694), herald; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin; rougedragon pursuivant, College of Arms, 1661; Lancaster herald, 1676-89; confined for debt In Newgate prison, London, where he died; chief work,Genealogical History of Kings of England 1677.

[319] Francis Richard John Bandford , first Baron Sandford (1824–1893), son of Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1858; in education office, 1848-68 and 1870-84; assistant undersecretary in colonial office, 1868-70; knighted, 1862; K.O.&, 1879; privy councillor, 1885; created Baron Sandford, 1WL

[320] Folk de Sandford (rf. 1271), also called Fulk de Basset, archbishop of Dublin; nephew of Sir Philip Mussi-t; archdeacon of Middlesex, 1244; prebedary, treasurer, and chancellor of St. Paul's, London; appointed, 1256, archbishop of Dublin by Pope Alexander IV, who quashed election of Ralph de Norwich approved by Henry III; accepted by Henry III; temporarily deputy-justice of Ireland, 1265; buried in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.

[321] Sir Herbert Bruce Sandford (1826–1892), colonel; son of Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford; served in Bombay artillery in Indian mutiny; colonel, 1865; K.C.M.G., 1877.

[322] James Sandford or Sanford (d. 1567), author; perhaps tutor to William Herbert, third earl of Pembroke; published translations, including tales from Plutarch, and a version from a French translation of Epictetus.

[323] John de Sandford, Saunford, or Sampford (d. 1294), archbishop of Dublin; perhaps brother of Fulk de Snndford: escheator of Ireland, 1271 and 1272; justice in eyre in Ulster, 1281; prebendary of Dublin; treasurer of Ferns, c. 1269; dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1275; chosen archbishop of Dublin, 1284: confirmed in appointment by Pope Honorius IV, 1285; temporarily keeper of Ireland, 1288-90 on sudden death of Viceroy Stephen de Fulburue; one of ambassadors to negotiate alliance with Adolph of Nassau, 1294.

[324] John Sandford or Sanford (1565?–1629), poet and grammarian; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1595; corrector to press at Oxford, 1592; chaplain of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1593-1616; domestic chaplain to Archbishop Abbot, c. 1614; held rectories in Kent; published Latin verse, and grammars of French, Latin, Italian, and Spanish.

[325] John Sandford (1801–1873), divine; son of Daniel Sandford; of Glasgow University and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1841; B.D., 1845; honorary canon of Worcester, 1844; archdeacon of Coventry, 1851; examining chaplain to Bishop of Worcester, 1853-60; Bampton lecturer at Oxford, 1861; active member of lower house of convocation; published religious works.

[326] Samuel Sandford (. 1661–1699), actor ; joined D'Avenant's company at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London; original Worm in Cowley's Cutter of Coleman Street 1661; migrated with the company under Lady D'Avenant to Dorset Garden, London, c. 1671; at Theatre Royal, London, 1682; under Betterton at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 1695; acted in plays by Dryden, Sedley, and Otway; most popular in disagreeable characters

[327] Barox Sandhurst (1819–1876). See MANSFIELD, William Rose .

[328] James Sandilands , first Baron Torphichen (d. 1579), preceptor of Torphichen and head of knights hospitallers of Scotland, and M.P., 1543: privy councillor, 1546; signed act approving of Book of Discipline 1561; resigned possessions of order of St. John for temporal lordship of Torphichen, 1563.

[329] James Sandilands , seventh Baron Torphichen (d. 1753), served as lieutenant-colonel, 7th dragoons under Marlborough, and against rebels of 1715.

[330] John Sandsbury or Sansbury (1576-1610), of Merchant Taylors School and St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1601; B.D., 1608; vicar of St. Giles's, Oxford, 1607; published Latin verse.

[331] Earls of Sandwich . See MONTAGU, EDWARD, first EARL, 1625-1672; MONTAGU, JOHN, fourth EARL, 1718-1792.

[332] Henry de Sandwich (d. 1273), bishop of London; probably brother of Ralph de Sandwich; prebendary of St. Paul's, London; bishop of London, 1262; sympathised with baronial party, but frequently acted as mediator during baronswar; suspended by papal legate, Ottobon, 1266, for refusing to publish papal sentence of excommunication against Simon de Montfort and his abettors; restored, 1272.

[333] Ralph de Sandwich (d. 1308?), judge ; probably brother of Henry de Sandwich; knight; keeper of royal wardrobe: d Moutfort with great seal, 1266: ru."tl t!. H'77: constable of Tower of London, 1286-8, and 12o till.Ninth, und warden of the city of London, 1286 im, 11*7-8, and 1290-5; on commission of judges that condemned William Wallace, 1106..:.:-.

[334] Humphry Sandwith (1881), army physician; qualified by London University and College of Surgeons; house surgeon to Hull Infirmary, 1847: travelled in Mesopotamia; correspondent of The Times 1863; staff surgeon in Beatson's corps of Bashi-Baxouks, 1864; inspector-general of hospitals and head of medical staff under Colonel (afterward* Sir William Penwiok) Williams in Armenia, 1866: at defence of Kan.: in London, 1856; published narrative of adventures, 1866; C.B.: D.C.L. Oxford: colonial secretary in Mauritius, 1857-9; la Servia, 1872-7, where be advocated cause of Servian refugees; published works of i

[335] Charles Sandys (1786–1869). antiquary: admitted solicitor, 1808; practised at Canterbury till 1867; F.S.A., 1846; published and left in manuscript antiquarian works.

[336] Edwin Sandys (1610?-1188), archbishop of York ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge 1641; D.D., 1649: proctor, 1542: master of Catharine Halt Cambridge, 1649 (deprived, 1553): canon of Peterborough, 1649; prebendary of Carlisle, 1562; vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, 1653: supported Lady Jane Grey's cause: Imprisoned in Tower of London and Manbalsea; was released and made escape to continent: returned to England, 1669; bishop of Worcester, 1559-70: signed the articles of 1662; one of tOMMlitrr of BishopsBible 1566; bishop of London, 1670-6: joined ecclesiastical commission, 1571; took part in translating bible of 1572: archbishop of York, 1576-88; published sermons and other works.

[337] Sir Edwin Sandys (1561–1629), statesman; son of Edwin Sandys; of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford: M.A., 15H3: B.C.L.,1589; fellow, 1580; prebendary of York, 1582-1602; entered Middle Temple, 1689: M.P., Andover, 1586, and Plymptou, 1589 and 1593; travelled abroad with Cianin.-r, 1593: wrote Europae Speculum 1599 (piratically published as Relation of State of Religion 1605); returned to England, 1599; knighted, 1603; M.P., Stockbridge, 1604, assuming leadiug position in House of Commons; on committee to considergreat contract 1610; on committee to consider imposition?, 1613, when he enunciated principle that there were certain reciprocal conditions of the constitution which neither kinu uor people might violate with impunity; dismissal iy council; free brother of East India Company, 1618; served on company's committee, 1619-23 and 1626-9: member of Somers Islands Company, 1616; member of council for Virginia, 1607; joint-manager of Virginia Company, 1617, and treasurer, 1619-20; organised government of the colony, 1619, and inaugurated an era of prosperity; being suspected of designing to cstnblUh republican and puritan state in America, he was accused of malversation of funds and transmission of false news, and temporarily imprisoned in Tower of London, 1621, Virginia Company's charter being annulled and government of colony assumed by crown, 1624; M.P., Sandwich, 1621, Kent, 1624, and IVnfyn, 1626 and 1626.

[338] George Sandys (1578–1644), poet; son of Edwin Sandys; educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford: wont abroad, IttlO, and travelled in Italy, Turkey, Kirypt, and Palestine: publishedRelation of a Journey 1616: treasurer of Virginia Company, 1621; accompanied Sir Francis Wyatt to Virginia, 1621, and was nominated member of council when crown assumed government, 1624; reap* polnted, 1626 and 1628; gentleman of privy chamber to Charles I; published a translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses 1621-6,Paraphrase upon the Psalmeain Terse, 1636 (music by Henry Lawes being added in an edition in 1638),Christ's Passion, a Tragedy a translation in heroic verse from Latin of Grotius, 1640, and Paraphrase of Song of Solomon in verse, 1641: agent in London to Virginia Company, 1638; petitioned unsuccessfully for re-establishment of company's old privileges of government, 1642. -;

[339] Samuel Sandys , first Baron Sandys of Ombersley 1696?-1770), educated at New College, Oxford ; M.P., Worcester. 1718-41: several MM lor.lftfi ,1741: 1742-1: mi 1741: ,,! MM.,,::. r,,:!Ml.,,rl (MMlvfJBl created Baron Sandy*, 1741: treasurer of the -T--I1747-66: sneaker of House of Lords, 1766; warden and chief justice in eyre of king's (George II and George III) tons* mst. TMS, aU IS m K. trtt:.M.f trade and plantations, 1761-1.

[340] William Sandys, Baron Sandys of 'The Vyne' (f. 1640), knight of the body to Heary VIII. 1606: con Cloth of Gold: created Baron Sandys of The Vyne 1623: took part with Fox in founding Guild of Holy Ghost at Basingstoke, 1624; lord chamberlain and captain of

[341] William Sandys (1792–1874), antiquary: educated at Westminster; solicitor in London, 1814-71: U Li collabonited with Forster in History of the Violin 1864, and published antiquarian works chiefly to music and songs.

[342] John Langton Sanford (1824–1877), historical writer: educated at University College, London; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1866; joint-editor of Inquirer 1862-6; published historical writings.

[343] Joseph Sanford or Sandford (d. 1774), scholar and book-collector; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford. 1716; B.D., 1726; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. 1716 till death: rector of Duloe, 1722, and aim of Hunt-pill, 1739-1774.

[344] Gabriel Sangar (d. 1678) ejected minister; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1632: rector of Steeple Ashton, 1660; ejected, 1662; published religious works.

[345] John Banger (1816–1889), circus proprietor; began with his brother George conjuring exhibition at liirinintrham. 1846; started a circiw entertainment at L.M.II: l.-d Agricultural Hall, Iitlingtun. and (1871) Amphitheatre, London: sutttequtiiUy dissolved partnership, each brother continuing independently.

[346] Samuel Sangster (1804?-1872), line-engraver; pupil of William Finden

[347] Sanquhar sixth Baron (d. 1612). See Robert Crichton.

[348] Benedict of Sansetun (d. 1226), bishop of Rochester; precentor of St. Paul, London, 1201: head justice for four home counties, 1212; consecrated bishop of Rochester, 1215.

[349] Robert Sansum (d. 16C5), rear-admiral; commanded vessel attending on army in Scotland, 1662: in North Sea from 1666; rear-admiral of white, 1664; killed in battle off Lowestoft.

[350] Hester Santlow (. 1720–1778), actms : married Barton Booth, 1719; originally a dancer who had lived under protection of Duke of Marlborough.

[351] 8ANTRY, BARON (1C03-1672).

[352] Adolph Saphir (1831-1891), theologian: born at l'itli: converted to Christianity by Jewish mission of church of Scotland, 1843: studied for ministry at Edinburgh, Berlin, Glasgow (M.A., 1864), and Aberdeen: licensed and appointed missionary to Jews, 1864: at Huinbunj, 1H64-6: boo. D.D. Edinburgh. 1878; at Beltrravc presbyteriau church, 1880-8; published nliirioa works. U 299 J

[353] Bernard Sapiens (Jt. 865).

[354] Hadrian à Saravia (1631-1611), divine: born at Hesdin in Artois; took part in drawing of Walloon confession of fuith; removed to Channel islands, 1660: professor of divinity at Leyden. 1682, and castor of French reformed church; rector of Tattenhlll. 1688; held Tarious prebends; one of translators of new Terskm of scriptures, 1607; rector of Great Chart, 1610-11; poMisbed religions treatises.

[355] William Lucas Baroant (1809–1889), education*! reformer anl political economist: educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; entered his father's business of maker of military arms at Birmingham; published work* on education and political economy.

[356] John Sargent (1780–1833), divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1807; held various rS!orUT; published biographical writings.

[357] John Grant Sargent (1813–1883), quaker; m aA, Acquaintance of the American quaker John Wilbur (1774-1866), and founded the Fritchley Friends, 1870; published religious works.

[358] John Neptune Saroknt (1826–1893), lieutenant-general: lieutenant In 95th foot, 1846; served in Hongkong, 1847-50: captain, 1853; In Turkey, 1854; fought at Alma, Inkermann, and Redan, 1855; brevetmaior, 1855; on committee of three officers to examine equipment of armies in Crimea, 1855; second lieutenantooloneL first battalion, 1859; British commandant at Taku forts, 1860; C.B., 1862; colonel, 1864; appointed to brigade depot at Milford Haven, 1873, and at Oxford, 1874; major-general, 1877; commander of troops in China and Straits Settlements, 1882; lieutenant-general, 1884; colonel, first battalion Inuiskilling FosUiers, 1891.

[359] John Saris (d. 1646), merchant and sea-captain : one of factors for East India Company at Bantam, 1605-9; again at Bantam, 1611, when he sailed to Japan, 1612, and obtained emperor's commission authorising the company's agents to reside and trade in Japan; returned to England, 1614.

[360] 8ARJEAUNT, JOHN (1622-1707).

[361] SARHENTO, JACOB DK CASTRO (1692-1762), physician; born In Portugal; M.D. Ooimbra, 1717; came to gngianH as rabbi of Jews of Portugal resident in London; LJLO.P., 1785; M.D., Aberdeen, 1739; F.R.S., 1730; published medical works.

[362] 8ABSJTELD, PATRICK, titular EARL OF LUCAN (rf. 1693), born at Lucan; educated at a French military college; lieutenant-colonel of Dover's horse, 1686; colonel, 1686; received from James II command of Irish troops in England: followed the king to France and accompanied him to Ireland, 1689; privy councillor and colonel of horse, 1689; brigadier; took Sligo and assisted In defence of Galway and In securing of Cop naught; major-general; fought at Boy ne, 1690: assisted in defence of Limerick; governor of Qalway and Oonnaught; received patent as Earl of Lucan, 1691; commanded reserve at Aughrim, 12 July 1691. and after treaty of Limerick, 84 Sept., sailed to France, joining French service with many of his troop*; received from the exiled James second troop of lifeguards; commanded Irish soldiers intended for Invasion of England, 1692; marechal-de-camp; fought at Steenkirk, 1692; mortally wounded at Landen.

[363] 8ARTORJS, MRS. ADELAIDE (1814 7-1879). See KEMBLE, ADELAIDE.

[364] 8ARTORITJS, FRANCIS (1734-1804), painter; son and pupil of John Sartorius (1700?-1780 ?); painted sporting subjects; exhibited at Royal Academy.

[365] Sir George Rose Sartorius (1790–1885), admiral of the fleet; entered navy, 1801; lieutenant, 1808; captain, 1814; In Bay of Biscay, 1814-15, when Napoleon I surrendered; engaged by Dom Pedro to command Portuguese regency fleet against Dom Miguel, 1831-1; knighted, 1841: admiral, 1861; K.O.B., 1865; vice-admiral of United Kingdom, 1869; admiral of fleet, 1869; G.C.B., 1880.

[366] John Sartorius (1700?-1780?), animal-painter ; exhibited chiefly at Free Society of Artists.

[367] John Sartorius F. (1775?–1831?), painter of sporting subjects; son of John N. Sartorius; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1802-27.

[368] John Sartorius N. (1755?–1828?), painter of sporting subjects; sou of Francis Sartorius q. v.l; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1781-18*4.

[369] Henry (1788–1844), painter: exhibited at *? from 1807: travelled In Italy, 1815-17, published account of journey, 1818; opened drawing school at Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury, London, whicb he conducted till 1842.

[370] Sass or BASSE, RICHARD (1774–1849), landscapepainter; half-brother of Henry Sass: exhibit-ol;it Royal Academy, 1791-1813; teacher in drawing to Princess Charlotte.

[371] Bassoon Sin ALBERT ABDULLAH DAVID, first baronet (1818-1896), merchant; born at Bagdad, whence his father, David Sassoon (1792-1864), who was a merchant there, removed to Bushire, and later to Bombay; educated in India; bead of firm at Bombay, 1864; constructed Sassoou dock at Colaba, Bombay, 1872-5; O.S.I., 1867: member of Bombay legislative council, 1868-72; K.B., 1872; settled in England: created baronet, 1890; spent large sums in philanthropic works in India and England.

[372] Benjamin Satchwell (1732–1809), founder of the Leamington Spa Charity; shoemaker at Leamington Priors; discovered saline springs, 1784, and was chiefly instrumental in promoting prosperity of the modern town of Leamington; instituted, 1806, Leamington Spa Charity.

[373] Arthur Saul (d. 1585), divine ; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1549; fellow, c. 1546-1553: expelled by Bishop Gardiner, 1553; at Strasburg during Queen Mary's reign; canon of Salisbury, 1559, and of Gloucester, 1565.

[374] Arthur Saul (fl. 1614), writer on chess ; probably son of Arthur Saul (d. 1585); author of treatise on use of arquebus; published book on chess, 1614.

[375] William Devonshire Saull (1784–1855), geologist; F.G.S., 1831; F.S.A., 1841; F.R.A.S.; published writings relating to geology.

[376] Richard Sault (d. 1702), mathematician and editor; kept a mathematical school near Royal Exchange, London, 1694; joint-editor with Dunton, the publisher, of Athenian Gazette 1691; removed, c. 1700, to Cambridge, where he died; published mathematical and other works.

[377] James Saumarez, Baron de Saumarez (1757-1836), admiral; born at St. Peter Port; lieutenant, 1776; in Victory, the Channel flagship, 1778-81; in action at Dogger Bank, 1781: in West Indies, 1782; made important capture of French ship off Cherbourg, and was knighted, 1793; employed in blockade of Brest, 1795-6; at battle of St. Vincent, 1797, and Nile, 1798; made rearadmiral and baronet, 1801; with Brest fleet, 1801; mad unsuccessful attack on French off Algeciras, but soon after defeated French and Spanish, and was made K.B., 1801; commanded Guernsey station, 1803-7; vice-admiral and second in command of fleet off Brest, 1807; commanded squadron in Baltic, 1808-13; admiral, 1814; rear-admiral of United Kingdom, 1819, and vice-admiral, 1821; cominander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1824-7; raised to peerage, 1831; general of marines, 1832.

[378] Philip Saumarez (1710-1747), navy captain; entered navy, 1726; lieutenant, 1737; captain, 1743: captured French ship in Soundings, 1746; with Anson at Cape Finisterre, 1747, and later with Hawke in action of 14 Oct., when he was killed.

[379] Richard Saumahez (1764–1835), surgeon: brother of James, baron de Saumarez: studied medicine at London Hospital; surgeon at Magdalen Hospital, Streatham, 1788-1805; practised in London till 1818; published physiological and other works.

[380] Thomas Saumarez (d. 1766), navy captain; brother of Philip Saumarez; captain, 1748; captured French ship Belliqueux in Bristol channel, 1758, and commanded her in West Indies, 1761.

[381] Sir Thomas Baumarez (1760–1845), general; brother of James, baron de Saumarez; served In North America during revolutionary war; president and commauder-in-chief of New Brunswick, 1813; general, 1838.

[382] Charles Saunders (1713?-1775), admiral; entered navy, 1727; lieutenant, 1734: with George (afterwards Baron) Anson 1739; commander and captain, 1741; on home station, 1745; assisted in defeat by Hawke of French under M. de l'Eteudu6re, 14 Oct. 1747: M.P., Plymouth, 1780, Heydon, 17*4-76; commodore and commander-in-chief on Newfoun station, 1752; comptroller of navy, 17M; commanderin hief of rtoet for tbe St. Lawrence, 1769; returnel U ..I after surrender of Quebec; commander- in-chief in Moditerranean, 1760; K.H., 1761: lord of admiralty, 17G5, and first lord, 1766; admiral.

[383] Saunders Bin EDMUND (d. 1683), judge; born of poor parent*; gained living by imvular nnployment in Clement's Inn; barrister, Middle Temple, 1664; began, 1666, his Reports ID king's bench, which, extending to 1678, were first published, 1686: appeared as counsel for Strufford, 1680, and against Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1681; bencher of Middle Temple, 168): lord chief-justice of king's bench, 1683; made serjeant-at-law and knighted, 1683.

[384] Sir Edward Saunders (d. 1576), judge; educated at Cambridge: entered Middle Temple: Lent reader, 1533; autumn reader, 1619: king's serjeaut, 1M7; recorder of Coventry; M.P., Coventry, 1M1, Lontwithirl. 1547, and Saltash, 1663; justice of common plea*. 1653: jurtice of common pleas in county palatine of Lancaster, 1M4; knighted, 1565; chlef-jnstlce of queen's bench, 1556; degraded to position of chief-baron of exchequer, 1669.

[385] 8AUNDERS, ERASMUS (1670-17*4), divine: M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1696; D.D., 1712; prebendary of St. David's, 1709; published religious works.

[386] Saunders Sin GEORGE (1671?–1734 rear-admiral; served some years in merchant service; entered navy, 1689; lieutenant, 1694; commander and captain, 1702; on Irish station, 1702-10; In Channel, 1710-15: in Baltic, 1717, and Mediterranean, 1718-20, under Byng: knighted, 1720; commissioner of victualling office, 17211727; extra commi*sioner of navy, 1727-9: comptroller of treasurer's account, 1729-34; M.?., Queenborough, 1728; rear-admiral, 1732.

[387] George Saunders (1762–1839), architect : surveyor for Middlesex; iMgiiMl extensions of British Museum, 1804; F.S.A., 1808; F.R.S.; published papers on architectural subjects. 1. S24J

[388] Henry Saunders (1728–1785), schoolmaster: B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1750; curate of Walnesbury and (c. 1756) of Shenstone; usher at King Edward's School, Birmingham; master of Halesowen school, 1771, and curate of Oldbury; wrote history of Shenstone, published, 1794.

[389] John Saunders (1810–1895), author ; edited William Hewitt's Living Political Reformers; formed connection with Charles Knight (1791-1873), for whom be wrote much of Old England and London: contributed to Penny Magazine articles on Chaucer, which formed basis of introduction to Canterbury Tales 1846; founded People's Journal 1846; his blank-verse tragedy,Love's Martyrdom produced by Buckstone, at Haymarket, London, 1855; published poems and several novels.

[390] John Cunningham Saunders (1773–1810), ophthalmic surgeon; apprenticed as eurgeon, 1790-5; studied at St. Thomas's and Guy's hospitals, London; demonstrator in anatomy at St. Thomas's, 1797, holding the poet, with a short interval, till death; took prominent part in founding Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital; published works on the eye and ear.

[391] 8AUNDERS, KATHERINE (afterwards MRS. Cooi'KRH 1841-1894), novelist: daughter of John Sannders; married the Rev. Richard Cooper, 1876: published works of fiction, 1873 93.

[392] Laurence Saunders (d. 1555), martyr ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1654: B.D.; prebendary of York, 1552; rector of All Hallows, Bread Street, London, 1553; apprehended by Bonner, 1554, condemned for heresy, and burned at Coventry.

[393] Margaret Saunders (. 1702–1744), actress ; played Klareit in Gibber'sLove's Last Shiftt Haymarket, London, and was tbe original Wish well in Gibber's Double Gallant 1707; at Drury Lane, London, 1708-9, again at Haymarkn, London, 1709-10, and from 1711-21 at Drury Lone: after retirement (1721) was a frtendand confidential attendant of Mrs. OldfleW. 11 3,

[394] strologer; practised astrology m ~ {moTlslMd astrological and C. 1647; BA dan

[395] Richard Hcck Aunders - (17IO-17H6). phyti; studied at St. Tbomas's Hospital, London; ear. geon in Lord BanpUTs regiment, 17O-8; M.D. Mariscbal ..,,.,. LbSJ: i:.- - H ,. to hi LTN h psrrad . t U *,. Mail iniasj to MM regiment, mo; ioa. 1766-62; settled In London: F.R.C.P., 1784: physician to Middlesex Hospital. 1766-8, and to St. Thomas's, London, 1768-77.

[396] Baunders TiMA8 WILLIAM (1814-18MX police magistrate: barrister. Middle Temple, Ite7 1 metropolitan police magistrate at Thames polios-court, London. 1878-90; published. Independently or In coilaboraUon, numerous legal works and compilations.

[397] 8AUNDER8, WILLIAM (1743-1817), physician; M.li. Hdlnbiinrli. 176; practised in London: physician to Guy's Hospital, London, 1770-1802; F.R.C.P., 1790, and censor, 1791, 1798, 1806, and 1811: Gulstonian lecturer, 1792: Harvdan orator, 1796; F.K-B., 1791: physician to George, prince regent, 1807; first president of Royal , 1806: pnbllahed medical n.no V. I,M::,::i:.,.:.-..

[398] William Baunders (18)3-1896 1 journalist and politician: opened quarries near Box tunnel, c. 1844; started Plymouth Western Morning News 1860. and 'Eastern Momlng News(Hull), 1804: started (1861) Central Press news-agency, which became Central News Agency, 1870: liberal M.P. for East Hull, 188f, and Waiworth, 1892; published political writings.

[399] William Wilson Saunders (1809–1879), entomologist; educated at East India Company's academy. Addiscombe; obtained commission In engineers; in India, 1830-1; resigned commission and became underwriter at Lloyd's; F.L.8., 1833, and treasurer, 1861-73; president of Entomological Society, 1841-2 and 1866-7: F.RA, 1868; F.Z.8., 1861; president. Royal Horticultural Society; published writings on entomology and botany. ;.:;3i;

[400] 8AUNDER80N, MRS. (d. 1711), actress: member of the Lincoln's Inn company: married Thomas Betterton the actor; pensioned after her husband's death by Queen Anne; her Lady Macbeth much admired by Colley Cibber

[401] Saunderson or SANDERSON, NICHOLAS (1682-1739), mathematician: lost his eyes through smallpox in infancy: mathematical teacher at Cambridge, 1707; made M.A. by special patent from Queen Anne, 1711, and was elected professor of mathematics: LL.D.. 1728; F.RA, 1719; member of Spitalfields Mathematical Society (Jf. 1717-1845). His Algebra(1740) and other mathematical writings printed posthumously. 1. 331}

[402] William Saurin (1767?-1839), politician ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1777; entered Lincoln's Inn; called to Irish bar, 1780; opposed the union, 1796; M.P., Blessington, 1799, continuing bis opposition to tbe union: attorney-general for Ireland, 1807-22: promoted an anti-catholic agitation, and was accordingly removed by Wellesley, 1822: resumed practice at Chancery bar, 1822; active promoter of formation of Brunswick Club, 1828; retired from practice, 1831.

[403] William Sautre (d. 1401). See Sawtrey

[404] Sir Arnold Savage (d. 1376), politician : served in France, 1346; warden of coasts of Lent, 1356; mayor of Bordeaux, 1359-63.

[405] Sir Arnold Savage (*. 1410), speaker of tbe House of Commons; son of Sir Arnold Savage (f. 1376) ; served with John of Gaunt in Spain, 13*: constable of Queenborough, 1392-6: knight of shire for Kent, 1390; speaker of House of Commons, 1401 and 1404: formulated petitions that redress of grirvaneei should precede supply; member of council of Henry, prince oTwalee: again represented Kent, 1401; member of great council, 1404-6.

[406] 8AVAOE, HENRY (1604 7-1672), divine: M.A. Balliol CollegeToxford. 10; fellow, 1618; BJX, 1617; master of Balliol, 1651-72: D.D., 1651: chaplain in ordinary to Charles II, 1660; canon of cioiu-ot.-r. 1C65: oblished theolojrtcal works and an historical volume relating to Balliol College (1668).

[407] James Savage (1767–1845), antiquary; in lm-ineai with his brother, William Savage (1770-1843), as printer and bookseller at Howden, 1790; went to London, 1803; assistant-librarian to London Institution, 1806; subsequently edited Dorset County Chronicle: Dublinhed antiquarian works relating to Somerset, Dorset, and Yorkshire. d- 337

[408] James Savage (1779–1852), architect; studiel at Royal Academy: exhibited between 1799 and 1832; designed Ormond Bridge (1805) and Richmond Bridge (1808) over Llffey, Dublin; architect to Society of Middle Temple, 1830: F.R.I.B.A.: published Observations on Styles in Architecture 1836.

[409] Sir John Savage (d. 1492), politician and soldier; brother of Thomas Savage (d. 1507): K.B., 1465: mayor of Chester, 1484 and 1485; fought for Henry of Richmond at Bosworth, and on Richmond's accession as Henry VII received large grants of land; K.G., 1488; killed at siege of Boulogne.

[410] John Savage (d. 1586), Roman catholic conspirator; served with Duke of Parma in Low Countries; joined conspiracy of John Ballard and Babington for murder of Queen Elizabeth and release of Mary Queen of Scots, 1586; one of six nominated to assassinate Queen Elixabeth; arrested and hanged.

[411] John Savage (fl. 1690–1700), engraver and printseller in London; executed portraits of several eminent persons of his day, including the Antipapists

[412] John Savage (1673-1 747), divine; of Westminster School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A., 1698; BJ). and D.D. Christ Church, Oxford, 1707: held livings of Bigrave, 1701-8, and Clothall, 1708-47; published historical and other works, besides translations from French, Spanish, and Latin.

[413] John Savage (1828–1888), Irish poet; studied at art schools of Royal Dublin Society: joined revolutionary clubs in Dublin: proprietor of Irish Tribune; took part in rising in south: fled to New York, 1848; literary editor of Irish Citizen New York, 1854; editor, 1857, and, later, proprietor of 4 The States, Washington; Fenian agent in Paris, 1868; published poetical and historical works.

[414] Sir John Boscawen Savage (1760–1843), major-general; ensign, 1762; lieutenant of marines, 1777; captain, 1793: in actions off L'Oricnt, St. Vincent, and at Nile; at Copenhagen, 1801; lieutenant-colonel of marines, 1816; K.C.H., 1833; K.C.B., 1839; major-general, 1837.

[415] Marmion Savage W. (1803–1872), novelist ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1824; held position under Irish government in Dublin; editor of Examiner London; published novels..

[416] Richard Savage , fourth EARL RIVERS (1660?1713), general; MJ., Wigan, 1681; lieutenant in fourth troop of horse-guards, 1686; joined William of Orange on his landing: member for Liverpool In Convention parliament; fought in attack on Cork, 1690; accompanied William III to Flanders, 1691 and 1692; received command of third troop of horse-guards, 1692; major-general, 1693; succeeded to earldom, 1694; lieutenant-general in Flanders, 1702; commanded force which was intended to proceed to France, but which subsequently proceeded to Lisbon, 1706-7; returned home, 1708: general of horse, 1708; constable of Tower of London, 1709; plenipotentiary to elector of Hanover, 1710; master of ordnance and colonel of blues, 1711; intimate with Swift and with Barley's circle 1; member of the Saturday Club.

[417] Richard Savage (d. 1743), poet ; probably of humble birth, but claimed to be illegitimate son of Richard Savage, fourth earl Rivers, by Anne, daughter of Sr Richard Mason, and wife of Charles Gerard, second earl of Macclwfldd, who treated him with marked hostility; turned to literature for livdihood; gained friendship of Wilks the comedian, and of Kteele, by his comedy,Love in a Veil acted at Drury Lane, London, 1718: played, at Drnry Lane, London, title-role in his tragedy, Sir Thomas Overbury, 1 1723: the story of Us birth published by Aaron Hill in the Plain Dealer 1724; condemned to death for killiiiG: a gentleman in a tavern, 1727, but pardoned, 1728; published works iir verse (including The Bastard 1728) and prose relating to story of his birth, but agreed to abstain from further attacks on receipt of pension from Lord Tyrconnel, Mrs. Brett's nephew; published, 1729, The Wanderer which he considered his masterpiece; applied, unsuccessfully, for post of poet laureate, 1730, but obtained pension from Queen Caroline on condition of celebrating her birthday annually with an ode, and assumed title of volunteer laureate made acquaintance of Dr. Johnson, c. 1737; subsequently lived in great poverty, and died at Bristol. A complete edition of his works was published, 1776.

[418] Savage Sm ROLAND (d. 1519), lord of Lecale, co. Down; seneschal of Ulster, 1482; deprived of estates as rebel, c. 1515.

[419] Samuel Morton Savage (1721–1791), divine: appointed by trustees of William Coward (d. 1738) assistant-tutor in natural science and classics at Fund Academy, London, 1744; pastor (1757-87) to independent congregation at Duke's Place, St. Mary Axe, London; hdil divinity chair at the academy (then removed to Hoxton Square), London, 1762-85; published sermons.

[420] Thomas Savage (d. 1507), archbishop of York ; brother of Sir John Savage (d. 1492); LL.D. Cambridge; chaplain to Henry VII, 1485: concluded treaty of Medina del Campo, 1488; represented England at Boulogne conference, 1490; bishop of Rochester, 1492-6, and London, 1496-1501; archbishop of York, 1501-7.

[421] Thomas Savage (fl. 1620), colonist : went to Virginia with Captain Christopher Newport, 1608: Indian interpreter to Virginia Company.

[422] Thomas Savage (1608–1682), major : apprenticed to Merchant Taylors, London, 1621; went with Sir Harry Vane to Massachusetts, 1635; freeman of Boston, 1636; founded, with William Coddington Lq. v., settlement of Rhode island, 1638; captain of artillery company, Boston. 1651; represented Boston at general court, 1654: several times speaker of assembly; commanded state forces against Philip, chief of the Narragansets, 1675.

[423] William Savage (d. 1736), divine: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1693; D.D., 1717; master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1719-36; vice-chancellor of Cambridge, 1724; incumbent of St. Aune's, Blackfriar.*, London, 1720.

[424] William Savage (1770–1843), printer and bookseller; in business at Howdeii, 1790-7; brother of James Savage (1767-1845); printer to Royal Institution, London, c. 1799: began business as printer in London, 1803; published Dictionary of Art of Printing 1840-1.

[425] Savaric (d. 1205), divine : treasurer of Sarnm, 1180; with Richard I on crusade; elected bishop of Bath in his absence, and consecrated at Rome, 1192; engaged in negotiations with the emperor Henry VI for Richard I's release, 1193, and present at conclusion of treaty at Worms; appointed by the emperor Henry VI chancellor of Burgundy, 1194: obtained from Pope (destine III privilege declaring Qlastonbury united to Bath, with equal rights as cathedral church, 1195; on appeal of monks of ! Glastonbury procured second privilege from Pope Celestine III, 1196, and obtained possession of abbey of GlastonI bury, 1197, but was deprived by Richard 1, 1198; obtained I King John's consent again to take possession, 1199, the union of the churches being confirmed by Pope Innocent III, 1200; granted charter to city of Wells, 1201.

[426] 8AVEKY, THOMAS (1650 9-171 5), military engineer: patented invention for rowing vessels by means of paddlewheels, 1696, and machine for raising water, embodying I practical application of steam-power, 1698; captain of egineers, 1702; surveyor to waterworks at Hampton Court, i 1714; published accounts of his inventions.

[427] Bourchier Wrey Savile (1817–1888), divine; of Westminster and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: M.A., 1842; rector of Dunchideook-with-Shillingford St. George, i 1872-88; discredited the belief in the Jewish origin of the English people, 1880; published theological works.

[428] Sir George Savile , MARQUIS OF HAi.iK.x(1633–1695), son of Sir William Savile of Thornhill (d. 1644), royalist governor successively of Sheffield and York, and Anne, daughter of Thomas Coventry, first baron Coventry , who subsequently remarried Sir Thomas Chicheley ; M.P. for Pontefract in Convention, 1660; captain of Prinoe Rupert's bam, 1667; created Baron SavUe of Eland and Viscount Halifax, 1668; oommiarionar of trade, 1669; privy councillor, 1671; MO* OB mlarion to Louis XIV, 1672: opposed Tert Aote; created Hart of Halifax, 1679: opposed bill for exclusion of Jaroei from succession, 1679; opposed also execution of Stafford, 1679; in BBaWinlialiiin with William of Orange; elevated to rank of marquis, 1683; lord privy seal, 1682-4; circulate! in manuscript hi* pamphlet,Character of a Trimmer (printed, with title inscribedBy the Honourable Sir W 1688). in which he urged Charles II to free himself from the influence of bis brother in * of obtaining succession of Monmouth, president of 1685; opposed repeal of Tot and Habeas Corpus AcU; was dismissed from council, 1686; framed petition to Jamai i! taMattfif HDniMDfa* at tnt j.,:..:,..t.:.n.i Ofcabe*,.f BOOM onthoHoi Cm aatoa, Utt; Ml to James II, with Oodolphln and Nottingham, to try and arrange compromise with William of Orange; presided over council of lords which provided for safety of London: chairman of meeting of peers who requested William of Orange to undertake provisional government and summon Convention; chosen regular speaker of peers on meeting of Convention, 1689; requested Prinoe and Princess of Orange to accept crown; lord privy seal, 1689-90: struck off council a* persistent absentee, 1692. His pamphlet* were collected, 1700.

[429] Savile Sm GEORGE, eighth baronet (1726–1784), politician; served as captain against rebels, 1745; M.A. and LL.D. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1749; M.P., Yorkshire, 1759-83; successfully introduced Nullum Tempo* Bill, 1768; made several unsuccessful effort* from 1771 to bring in a bill to secure rights of elector*; supported, in a remarkable speech, clerical petition for relief from subscription to Thirty-nine Articles, 1772: supported resistance of the American colonies. 1775: successfully brought in bill for relief of Roman catholics from certain obsolete penalties and disabilities, 1778, and in consequence was subjected to attacks of Gordon rioters, 1780; presented petition for economical reforms, 1779: unsuccessfully introduced bill to secure protestant religion from popish encroachments: moved, unsuccessfully, for select committee of inquiry on occasion of North's loan; resigned seat from lll-henfth, 1783; F.R.8.; vice-president of Society of Arts. Some of his letters on political subjects were printed posthumously. 8AVILB, Sm HENRY (1549-1622), scholar; matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford, 1561; fellow of Merton College, 1565: M.A., 1570; lectured in mathematics: for brief period resident for Queen Elizabeth in Low Countries; tutor In Greek to Queen Elizabeth; warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1585-1623; translatedHistoric* of Tacitus 1591; secretary of Latin tongue to Queen Elizabeth: held in eomnumdam deanery of Carlisle, 1595: provost of Eton (retaining wardenship of Merton College), 1596: knighted, 1604; one of scholars commissioned to prepare authorised translation of bible; published edition of St. Chrysostmn, 1610-13, printed by the king's printer; published edition of Xenophon's Cyropmdia 1613: assisted Bodley in founding his library; founded Savile professorships of geometry and astronomy at Oxford; left manuscript*, now In Bodleian Library.

[430] Sir Henry Savile, first baronet (1579–1632), son of Sir John Savile ( 1545-1607): studied at Merton College, Oxford, and Middle Temple; knighted, 1603; created baronet, 1611; M.P., Aldborougb, 1604-11 and 1614; vice-president of council of north before 1627.

[431] Henry Savile (1642–1687), diplomatist: gentletnan of bedchamber to Duke of York, 1665: took part In fights with Dutch off North Foreland, 1666, and in Burlington Bay (of which he wrote an account), 1672: envoy extraordinary to Louis XIV: groom of chamber to Charles II: M J?., Newark, 1677; envoy In Paris, 1679-82: rice-chamberlain, 1680; commissioner of admiralty, 16821684; re-appointed vice-chamberlain by James II, holding office till 1687. His correspondence was published, 1858.

[432] Jeremiah Savile (. 1651). musician: taught music in London during Commonwealth; composed partsong The Waits first published, 1667.

[433] Sir John Savile (1545–1607), judge: brother of Henry Savile

[434] John Savile , flrrt BARON SAVILe of PONTEFRACT ( 1666-1630 X politician; M.P., Lincolnshire, I486: sheriff of Lincolnshire, 1400; knight of shire for York. 1697. 1614, 1624, and 1424; e*tt* rtf mlerum of West RMln* of Yorkshire: ejected from office. 1616. but appointed. 1626: privy councillor.; comptroller of hoasehota,14271410; created Baron SavUe, 1427. tTl72

[435] John Savile , first Baron Savile of Rufford (1818-1896), diplomatist: clerk in librarian's department at foreign office, 1841: attache at Berlin, 184TT transferred to St. Petersburg, 1849; secretary of legation at Washington, 1864; at Madrid, 1868; at Constantinople, and later at St. envoy to king of Saxony, 1864: transferred to r. 1869: British minister in Rome and 1883; retired from service, 1888, and wai raised to peerage; G.C.B., 1885; collected pictures and antiquities.

[436] Thomas Savile (,. 1593), antiquary ; brother of Sir Henry Savile ( 1549-1622); M.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1586: fellow, 1580; proctor, 1692: wrote letter* on British antiquities, printed posthumously.

[437] Thomas Savile , first Viscount Savile of Castlebar in Irish peerage, second BARON SAVILE of Pontefract and first EARL of Sussex in KnglUh peerage (15907-16587), son of John SavUe, first baron Savlle of Pontefract q. v.1; member of Inner Tempi*. 1610; knighted, 1617; M.P.. Yorkshire, 1624; joint steward and warden of forest of Gualtres and gentleman of privy chamber to Charles 1, 1626; elected member for York, 1628, but unseated on petition; created Viscount Savile, 162H; promised assistance to Scott Uh invading army, and sent letter signed by himself and with forged signatures of Bedford, Essex. Brooke, Warwick, Scrape, and.Vaudeville (forgery condoned on plea that be acted on patriotic grounds): privy councillor, 1611; lord president of council of north and lord-lieutenant of Yorkshire; commissioner of regency, 1641; treasurer of household, 1641: prevented presentation of anti-royalist petition by people of Yorkshire, 1642, and was declared Incapable of sitting in parliament: vindicated his conduct to parliament, and was promised protection: Imprisoned in Newark Castle by royalist general, Newcastle: defended himself to diaries I and was pardoned, 1643: created Earl of Sussex, 1644; was Impeached of treason to Charles I. 1646, and succeeded in joining parUamcntarianss took covenant, 1646; died In retirement.

[438] William Savile, second Marquis of Halifax (1665-1700), son of George Savile, first marquis of Halifax , by Dorothy, daughter of Henry Spencer, first Earl of Sunderland; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1681; M.P., Newark, 1689-96.

[439] Vincentio Saviolo (fl. 1595) writer on fencing; born at Padua; entered service of Earl of Essex; published, 1596, Practise, a work on fencing with which Shakespeare was familiar.

[440] Laurence William of Bavona (.*. 1486). Franciscan of London: D.D. Cambridge; published Margarita Eloquentiae 1480.

[441] Sir William Scovell Savory, first baronet (1826-1895), surgeon; studied at Bt Bartholomew's Hospital, London: M.R.C.P. 1847; M.B. London, 1848; lecturer on general anatomy and surgery, St. Bartholomew's, 1869; surgeon, 1867-91: governor of the hospital 1891; lecturer on surgery, 1869-89; F.R.C.S., 1862, member of council, 1877, and president, 1885-9; Hunterian professor of comparative anatomy and physiology, 1849-41; Bradsbaw lecturer, 1884; opposed Lister's antiseptic method of surgery, 1879; surgeon extraordinary to Quern Victoria, 1887; created baronet, 1890; FJL&, 1848; published surgical work*.

[442] Boniface of Savoy (* 1270)

[443] Peter of Savoy, Earl of Richmond (*. 1M8).

[444] John Bawbridob (1732?–1796), lord mayor of London- M.I. Hytlu-. 17J: helped to form society known a* Supporters of Bill of Rights; sheriff of London and alderman of ward of Laugbourn, 1768; lord mayor, if LonTl775; M.P., London, 1774, 1780, 1784, and -u

[445] Solomon Sawrey (1765–1825), surgeon; member of Corporation of Surgeons, 1796; demonstrator to Andrcwl CanhaU M.D. (1742-1813) under whom he had studied; published surgical works. (.1. 380

[446] James Sawtrey or Sawtre (fl. 1541), protestant writer; published Defence of Marriage of Prelates, 1541.

[447] William Sawtrey (d. 1401), lollard; charged with heresies before Bishop Henry le Despenser, 1399 probably implicated in rising of Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1400; attached to St. Osyth's, London, 1401; condemned by Archbishop Thomas Arundel on various charges of heresy, and burnt at Smithfleld, being first victim of statute De Haeretico Comburendo.

[448] Edmund Sawyer (d. 1759), master of chancery; member of Inner Temple and (1718) of Lincoln's Inn; master in Chancery, 1738; compiled Memorials collected from papers of Sir R. Winwood, 1725.

[449] Herbert Sawyer (1731?–1798), admiral; entered navy, 1747; lieutenant, 1756; captain, 1759; served on coast of Prance; in West Indies, 1778-9; at relief of Gibraltar, 1781: commodore and commander-in-chief at Halifax; admiral, 1795.

[450] Sih Robert Sawyer (1633–1692), lawyer; 4 chamber fellow with Samuel Pepys at Magdalene College, Cambridge; first Craven scholar, 1649; Dennis fellow, 1654; M.A. and incorporated at Oxford, 1655; barrister, Inner Temple, and treasurer, 1683-8; M.P., Chipping Wycombe, 1673; knighted, 1677; speaker, AprilMay, 1678; assisted in drafting Exclusion Bill; attorneygeneral, 1681; represented crown on second occasion on which the case against city of London charter was argued, 1682; conducted Rye House plot prosecutions, 1683-4: appeared against Algernon Sidney, 1683, and against Titus Gates, 1685; obtained conviction of Sir Thomas Armstrong, 1684; senior counsel for the seven bishops, 1688: member for Cambridge University in Convention parliament, 1689; attacked for his conduct in case of Sir Thomas Armstrong and expelled from house, 1690, but was again returned for Cambridge later in year.

[451] Henry Linckmyer Baxby (1836–1873), physician: studied at Edinburgh: M.D. St. Andrews, 1862; practised at Unst, 1863-71; published writings on ornithology,

[452] Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1844–1900). See Alfred Ernest Albert .

[453] James Saxon (d. 1817?), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy between 1795 and 1817; practised in St. Petersburg after 1810; painted portrait of Sir Walter Scott, 1805.

[454] Duchess of Saxony (1156-1189).

[455] Sir Charles Saxton (1732–1808), navy captain; entered navy, 1745; lieutenant; in East Indies, c. 1753-1760; captain, 1762; in West Indies, 1780; in action off Chesapeake, 1781; in Jamaica, 1782-3; commissioner of navy at Portsmouth, 1789; created baronet, 1794.

[456] Christopher Saxton (fl. 1670–1596), topographical draughtsman; educated at Cambridge; surveyed and drew maps of every county in England and Wales, published, 1579.

[457] Saxulf or SEXUTJLFT7S (d. 691?), Mercian divine; probably builder and first abbot of monastery of Medethamrtede (Peterborough): bishop of Mercia, c. 671 till 679. when Mercian diocese was divided into five xeafli, of which he perhaps took mid-Anglia.

[458] Frederick Richard Bay (ft. 1826–1858), porter: 80tl of wim m Say (1768-1834); at Royal Academy, ISJfr.

[459] Geoffrey de Say, Baron de Say (1305?–1359 -..diid baron by writ; served against Scots, 1327; at. tended tournament at Duns table, 1333; captain and uiliniml of the fleet from Thames westward, 1336; in Flanders, 1338; constable of Rochester Castle, 1366.

[460] Sir John Say (d. 1478), politician; M.P., Cambridge, 1447 and 1449; speaker of House of Commons, 1449; Indicted of treason after Cade's rebellion, 1450, but acquitted; M.P., Herefordshire, 1463, 1455, 1463, and 1467; speaker, 1463-5 and 1467-8; K.B., 1465.

[461] Samuel Say (1676–1743), dissenting minister; co-pastor with Samuel Baxter at Ipswich, 1726; pastor of congregation at Long Ditch (Princes Street), Westminster, 1734-43; poetical and other writings by him were published posthumously.

[462] William Say (1604–1665?), regicide; B.A. UnU versity College, Oxford, 1623; entered Middle Temple, 1631; bencher, 1654; supported parliamentarians; M.P. for Camelford in Long parliament, 1647; signed Charles I's death-warrant; member of committee of safety, 1659; was exempted from act of indemnity, 1660, and fled to continent.

[463] William Say (1768–1834), mezzotint engraver; pupil of James Ward (1769-1859); executed some engravings for Turner's Liber Studiorum; engraver to Duke of Gloucester, 1807.

[464] Saye and Sele, first Viscount (1582–1662). See William Fiennes.

[465] Saye or Say and Sele, Baron (d. 1450). See James Fiennes.

[466] Augustin Sayer (1790–1861), physician ; B.A., 1811, and M.A., 1813 (university unknown); M.D. Leyden, 1815; F.R.C.P., 1843; president, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1840; physician to Duke of Kent; physician to Lock Hospital and Asylum; published works relating to sanitary reform.

[467] Robert Sayer or Seare, in religion Gregory (1560-1602), Benedictine; B.A. Peterhonse, Cambridge, 1581; studied at college of Douay (then temporarily at Rheims) and at English College, Rome; Benedictine monk, 1588, at Monte Cassino, where he became professor of moral philosophy; at monastery of St. George, Venice, 1595-1602; published theological works.

[468] Frank Sayers (1763–1817), poet; studied surgery under John Hunter in London and medicine and science at Edinburgh; M.D. Hardervyck; abandoned medicine for literature; lived at Norwich; works include Dramatic Sketches of Northern Mythology 1790.

[469] James Sayers or Sayer (1748–1823), caricaturist; articled as attorney at Yarmouth; worked from c. 1780 as political caricaturist in London, supporting Pitt against Fox; appointed marshal of court of exchequer when Pitt succeeded to office.

[470] Tom Bayers (1826–1865), pugilist; bricklayer at Brighton, and (1848) in London; began pugilistic career, 1849, when he beat Crouch at Greenhithe; beaten by Nat Langham, 1853; won champion's belt, 1857; his last fight was with the American John O. Heenan (the Benicia Boy), at Farnborough, 1860, the result being declared a draw.

[471] William Sayle (d. 1671), colonist; councillor in the Bermudas, 1630; governor, 1641-2 and 1643; reappointed with two colleagues, 1644; again governor, 16581662; governor of Charlestown, the nucleus of South Carolina, 1670.

[472] William Saywell (1643–1701), divine: fellow, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1666: M.A., 1667; incorporated at Oxford, 1669; D.D.; prebendary of Ely and master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1679-1701: chancellor of diocese of Chichester, 1672-1701; archdeacon of Ely, 1681-1701; published Latin verse and controversial treatises.

[473] John de Scalby, Scalleby, or Schalby (d. 1333), registrar and canon of Lincoln Cathedral.

[474] Baron Scales (1442?–1483). See Anthony Woodville, second Earl Rivers.

[475] Thomas de Scales , MTeuth Baron Scales (13'jwv M.;o), served under John of Lancaster dukTof Bedford, In French war., 1421: KTuS; captain f M J un,,1, ivuvrou; sent to Brittany Bedford to aid John V against Alen v on, U31: seueicbal ofNoE maudy, c. 1434; took part in captw rfMx andE defeat of Richemont before against Jack Cade and oomnwndBdln flIht?nLo3 Bridge 1450; took side of IcTSian. !edff fence of Tower of London, 1460, and was murdered while going to seek sanctuary at Westminster.... IN;

[476] Edmund Scambler (15W-1594), bishop of Norwich; educated at Peterhouse, Queens and Jesus colleges, Cambridge; B.A., 1542; D.D., 1564; incorporated at Oxford, 1584; chaplain to Archbb-hop Parker, 1558: prebendary of York and Canon of Westminster, 1580; bishop of Peterborough, 1561-84, and of Norwich, 1584-94 assisted in translation of Bishops Bible; published religious writings.

[477] Stephen Scandrett or Scanderet( 1631?-1706), puritan divine: M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1659; incorporated at Cambridge, 1659 and became 'conduct' of Trinity College, Cambridge expelled from office, 1660; received presbyterian ordination; published theological writings.

[478] Earl of Scarborough (d. 1781). See Richard Lumley.

[479] Sir Charles Scarburoh ( 1616–1894), physician of St. Paul's School, London, and Caius College, CambridgeM.A. aud fellow, 1640; ejected during great rebellion M.D. Merton College, Oxford, 1646; Incorporated M.D* Cambridge, 1660; F.K.C.P. London, 1650; censor, 1656 1664, and 1665; Lumleian lecturer, 1656; anatomical reader to Barber Surgeons Company, 1649; original F.RjJ physician to Charles II, 1660, aud subsequently to James II, Queen Mary, and Prince George of Denmark; knighted, 1669; published a work on dissection, and left mathematical manuscripts.

[480] Robert De Scardeburq (yf. 1S41), chief- justice of common pleas in Ireland, 1331-4; judge of king's bench in England, 1334-9 aud 1341-4, and of common 1339-41.

[481] William Pitt Scargill (1787–1836), divine ; minister of Churchgate Street Chapel, Bury St. Edmunds, 1812-32; joined established church, 1832, and made precarious living as author; published tales and other writings.

[482] Edward Scarisbrick (1639–1709). See Edward Neville

[483] John de Scarle (. 1403?), divine; clerk in chancery, 1378 and 1397; prebendary of Aberguylly, 1379; keeper of rolls, 1394-7; chancellor, 1399-1401; archdeacon of Lincoln, 1401.

[484] James Scarlett, first Baron Abinger (1769-1844), born in Jamaica; entered Inner Temple, 1785; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1789; barrister, Inner Temple, 1791; K.C. and bencher, 1816; M.A., 1794; whig M.P. for Peterborough, 1819, 1880-2, and 1883-80; on committee to inquire into laws relating to capital punishment in felonies; knighted and appointed attorney=general in Canning's ministry, 1827-8, and in Wellington's, 1829-30; successfully brought in bill for improving administration of justice, 1830; M.P., Malton, 1830; opposed Reform Bill, 1831; tory M.P. for Cockermouth, 1831, and for Norwich, 1832; privy councillor, serjeantat-law, and chief baron of exchequer, 1834; created Baron Abinger of Abinger in Surrey and of city of Norwich and LL.D. Cambridge, 1835. Several of his speeches were published.

[485] Sir James Yorkr Scarlett (1799–187) general; son of James Scarlett, first baron Abinger 1. v; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; : 1818; 18; major, 5th dragoon guards, 1830; conservative M.P. for Guildford, 1836-41; commanded bis regiment, 1840-54; appointed to command of heavy brigade in Turkey, 1854; went to SebastopoL. September 1854; led charge of heavy brigade at Balaclava, 85 Oct. 1854; major-general; K.C.B., 1855; proceeded to England, 1855, but was appointed to command entire British cavalry in Crimea and returned; at conclusion of war commanded cavalry la AUenbot district tSSSSKLtfSEtt&lS*

[486] Kl Scarlett (1753-1802JX ifcMM,: M.r,:.... i riant lobool gtfjaattsF -* I-:.,n 1.- l.!... l:. -,.!. fM RL1 tEtOOMd Tn,nt stantinople, 18S5, and at Paris, 18S8; C.B. and secretary of legation at Florence, 1854; envoy extraordinary at Hio Janeiro, 1855; minister at Ftorenoe;i8*8-0; envoy extraordinary at Athena, Ittt, and in Mexico, 18*4-7.

[487] Robert Scarlett (1499?–1594 X known' alold Scarlett; sexton at Peterborough Cathedral before 1535 till 1594: a portrait of him is Si thVcathedraL

[488] 8CARTH. ALICE MARY ELIZABETH ( 1 848-1 88* X author; daughter of Harry Mengden Brarth

[489] Harry Mbngden Bcarth (1814-18*)), antiquary; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1841: incorporated at Oxford, 1848: held livings in Somerset; DW bendary of Wells, 1848; rural dean of PorUahead, c. 1880; published antiquarian writings.

[490] 8CATCHERD, NORRISSON CAVENDISH (17801853 X antiquary: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1806; F.8.A., 1851; published antiquarian writings.

[491] Antony Scattergood (1611-1687), divine; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1631; chaplain at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1637-40; rector of Winwick, 16411687; canon of Lincoln, 1641; chaplain and librarian to bishop of Lincoln; D.D. Cambridge, 166S: prebendary of Lichfield, 1664-88; D.D. Oxford, 1669; published biblical criticism, and added many references to a folio bible printed at Cambridge, 1678.

[492] Samuel Scatteroood (1646–1696), divine; son of Antony Scattergood; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1665; M.A. and fellow, and inoorpo Oxford, Ware. 1688, posthumously.

[493] John de Schalby (d. 1333).

[494] 8CHALCH, ANDREW ( 1692- 1776 X master-founder; born at Schaffhausen; employe! in cannon foundry at Douay; came to England; master-founder of the Warren (afterwards the Araaial), Woolwich, 1716-76.

[495] John Bohavck ( 1740–1823 X admiral: navy as seaman, 1758; lieutenant, 1776; in charge of naval establishment at St. John, Canada; attached to Burgoyue's army, 1777: captain, 1783; successfully submitted to admiralty scheme for boat with sliding keel: superintendent of coast defence; vice-admiral, 1810; admiral, 18S1.

[496] George Scharf ( 1788–1860 X draughtsman and lithographer; born at Mainburg, Bavaria; studied at Munich; joined English army, 1814, and was at Waterloo; went to London. 1816, and practised as lithographer and painter: exhibited at Royal Academy from 1817.

[497] Sir George Scharf (1880–1895), writer on art ; son of George Scharf: educated at University College School, London: studied at Royal Academy: accompanied Sir Charles Fellows to Asia Minor, 1840; draughtsman to government expedition to Asia Minor, c. 1843: devoted himself to illustration of boob*, including Dr. Smith's classical dictionaries: assisted Charles Kean in and costumes in his Shakespearean revivals, 1851 1857; art lecturer at Queen's College, Harley Street, Loudon; art secretary to Manchester exhibition, 18f 7; first secretary of National Portrait Gallery, 1857; received title of director, 18; F.S.A., 1852; C.&, 1885: retired and was made K.C.B., 1895; wrote extensively on subject of portraiture.

[498] George Bcharpb (d. 1638) pbyaloian : bora la Scotland; studied medicine at MontpeUkr, graduated, 1607, and was professor of medicine, 1619: vicechancellor of the faculty, 1632; professor of nittiione:it Bologna, 1634; published medical writings.

[499] Sir Luke Schaub (d. 1758), diplomatist; in charge of English embassy at Vienna, 1715; attached to Knulish minion at Copenhagen, 1716; private secretary to James, afterwards first earl Stanhope, 1717; English agent at Madrid, 1718: knighted, 1720; English ambassador at Paris, 1731-4; intimate with George II.

[500] 8CHAW, WILLIAM (1560-1602), architect;master of works * in household of James VI, whom he accompanied in Denmark, 1589-90; did much to develop freemasonry In Scotland; executed repairs at many Scottish 55? tL41S

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