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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 9 running from name Canute to name Chaloner.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 9 Canute - Chaloner. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.


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  1. ^ Canute or Cnut (947–1035), called 'the Great,' king of the English, Danes, and Norwegians; son of Sweyn, king of the Danes; a pagan in childhood; baptised, c. 1000; accompanied Sweyn in his invasion of England, 1013; acknowledged as king of England by the invaders on Sweyn's death, near Gainsborough, February 1014; outlawed, the witan having recalled Ethelred from Normandy; withdrew before the forces of Ethelred, 1014, to Sandwich in Kent, where he mutilated his English hostages, and thence to Denmark; soon supplanted his brother Harold, who had been (1014) acknowledged king of Denmark; made war on the Slavs on the south coast of the Baltic; openly resisted by Olaf Haroldsson, who was made king of Norway, 1014-15; ravaged Wessex, 1015, and Warwickshire, 1016; marched to York, and received the submission of Northumbria; fruitlessly besieged London, May 1016; suffered defeat in Kent, but routed Eadmund, Ethelred's successor, at Assandun (?Ashington, Essex); followed Eadmund into Gloucestershire, and. by the treaty of Olney Isle, arranged that Eadmund should have Wessex, and probably East Anglia, while he himself ruled the north; wintered at London; chosen by the witan at London, 1017, king of all England, after the murder of Eadmund (1016); married Emma or Elfgifu, Ethelred's widow, arranging that if a son were born to her he should succeed to the crown, excluding Cnut's sons, Harold and Sweyn, by.Wfgifu; levied a large subsidy, 1018; paid and dismissed his Danish forces; hold a gemot at Oxford, where he vowed to rule justly:  :!iark, 1019, and fought against the Wends; returned to England, 1020, and courted English favour, by benefactions to many monasteries and honours to English saints: fouirht in Wihtland, Esthonia, 1022; demanded the submission of Olaf of Norway; was defeated by the None and Swedes in the Helga river; crushed a rising in Denmark, 1026; visited Rome, 1027, and was present at the coronation of the Emperor Conrad, with whom he agreed to make the river Eider the boundary between Denmark and Germany; invaded Scotland, c. 1027; reconquered Norway, 1028; sent his son Sweyn to govern Norway, 1030, and his son Harthacnut to govern Denmark; benefactor to the church; died at Shaftesbury, and was buried at Winchester; bequeathed England and Denmark to Harthacnut, and Norway to Sweyn.
  2. ^ Robert Canute (fl. 1170). See Robert of Cricklade.
  3. ^ Peter Canvane (1720–1786), introducer of castor oil into British pharmacy; born in America; studied medicine at Leyden and Rheims; L.C.P. London, 1744; practised at St. Kitts, West Indies, and afterwards at Bath; withdrew to Brussels.
  4. ^ William Canynges (1399?–1474), merchant and five times mayor of Bristol (1441, 1449, 1457, 1461, 1466 ); brought up by his stepfather, a Bristol merchant, 1406; traded with Iceland and Finmark, 1450; M.P., Bristol, 1461 and 1455; supported the Yorkists and Edward IV; rebuilt St. Mary Redcliff e, Bristol, and the college at Westbury; became a monk at Westbury, 1467, and dean of the college, 1469.
  5. ^ William Timothy Cape (1806–1863), Australian colonist; educated at Merchant Taylors School; taken to Tasmania by his father, 1821, and to Sydney, 1822; assistant to his father in Sydney public school; head-master, 1829; kept private school, 1830; headmaster of Sydney College, 1835-42; kept private school, 1842-55; member of New South Wales legislature, 1859; magistrate; died in London while on a visit,
  6. ^ Arthur Capel, first Baron Capel of Hadham (1610?-1649), royalist leader; a Hertfordshire squire; M.P. for Hertfordshire in the Short parliament, 1640, and the Long parliament, 1640; attached himself to the court party; created Baron Capel of Hadham, 1641; attended Charles I to York, January 1642; his estates confiscated by parliament, 1643; the king's lieutenantgeneral in Shropshire, Cheshire, and North Wales, 1643; appointed to attend the Prince of Wales; commissioner for Charles I at Uxbridge, 1645; escorted the queen to Paris, 1646; withdrew to Jersey; obtained leave to reside in Hertfordshire; aided Charles I's escape from Hampton Court, November 1647; joined the insurgents of 1648; surrendered at Colchester, August 1648; escaped from the Tower; re-arrested; condemned by the parliament, 1649, and beheaded.
  7. ^ Arthur Capel, Earl of Essex (1631–1683), eldest son of Arthur Capel, first baron Capel of Hadham ; fought in the king's army, 1643; succeeded to barony, 1649; lord-lieutenant of Hertfordshire, 1660; created Earl of Essex, April 1661; opposed Charles II's endeavours to obtain arbitrary power and leanings towards Catholicism; travelled in France, 1667; lord-lieutenant of Wiltshire, 1668; envoy to Denmark, 1670; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1672; hated by the king's favourites for opposing grants to them; recalled, April 1677; joined the opponents of Danby, 1678; accepted the Popish plot story; first lord of the treasury, March to November 1679; joined Shaftesbury in advocating the Exclusion Bill, 1680; petitioned Charles II against holding the parliament at Oxford, 1681; spoke bitterly against the popish peers; associated himself with Monmouth's schemes, 1682; his share in them betrayed by Lord Howard of Escrick; sent to the Tower; found with his throat cut, July 1683, having probably committed suicide, though many thought him assassinated by order of the court. His extensive correspondence is preserved in the British Museum Library.
  8. ^ Sir Henry Capel, Baron Capel of Tewkesbury (d. 1696), second son of Arthur Capel, first baron Capel of Hadham; K.B., 1661; a commissioner of the admiralty, 1679-80; supported the Exclusion Bill in the Commons, 1680; a commissioner of the treasury, 1689 and 1692; created Baron Capel of Tewkesbury, 1692; lord justice in Ireland, 1693; lord deputy. May 1695; induced the Irish parliament to annul James II's acts.
  9. ^ Richard Capel (1586–1656), puritan; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1604; M.A., 1607; fellow, 1608-14; chaplain to Carr, earl of Somerset, 1613; rector of Eastington, Gloucestershire, 1613; resigned, declining to read in his church the Book of Sports 1633; licensed to practise physic; puritan preacher, 1641; published sermons and tracts.
  10. ^ Sir Thomas Bladen Capel (1776–1853)), admiral; put on the navy books, 1782; in active service, 1792-1837; lieutenant, 1797; fought at the battle of the Nile, 1797; captain, 1798; at Trafalgar, 1805; rear-admiral, 1825; K.C.B., 1832; commander-in-chief in East Indies, 1834-7; admiral, 1847.
  11. ^ William Capel , third Earl of Essex (1697-1743), succeeded to earldom, 1709; gentleman of the bedchamber to George, prince of Wales, 1718, and to George II, 1727; lord-lieutenant of Hertfordshire, 1727; envoy to Turin, 1731-6; K.G., 1738.
  12. ^ Edward Capell (1713–1781), Shakespearean commentator; educated at Cambridge; deputy-inspector of plays, 1737; published a text of Shakespeare, 10 vols. 1768; began to publish his commentary, 1774; bequeathed part of his library to Trinity College, Cambridge. His commentary appeared (3 vols.) in 1783.
  13. ^ Catherine Capell-Coningsby, Countess of Essex (1794–1882). see Catherine Stephens.
  14. ^ John Capellanus (fl. 1410?), real name John Walton; translated into English verse Boethius's 'De Consolatione Philosophiae'.
  15. ^ Edward Capern (1819–1894), the rural postman of Bideford employed in lace factory at Tiverton; rural letter carrier at Bideford, 1847; published by subscription, 1856, his Poems which attracted much favourable attention; subsequently published verses.
  16. ^ John Capgrave (1393–1464), theologian and historian; studied perhaps at Cambridge; an Augustinian friar; resided most of his life in the friary at Lynn; ordained priest, c. 1418; D.D., possibly of Oxford; visited Rome; a client of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester; provincial of the Augustinian friars, 1466; wrote in Latin sermons, theological tracts, and commentaries on many books of scripture. His chief Latin historical works are Nova Legenda Anglise -De illustribus Henricis and Vita Humfredi Duels Glocestrise In English he wrote lives of Sfe. Gilbert of Sempringham and of St. Katharine, also a chronicle of English history extending to A.D. 1417.
  17. ^ John Capon, alias Salcot (d. 1557), bishop of Salisbury; Benedictine monk; B.A. Cambridge, 1488; prior of St. John's Abbey, Colchester; D.D. Cambridge, 1515; preached at court, 1616-17; abbot of St. Benet's Hulme, Norfolk; client of Cardinal Wolsey; solicited Cambridge University for a decree hi favour of Henry VIII's divorce, 1530: abbot of Hyde, near Winchester, 1530-9; nominated bishop of Bangor, 1533; consecrated, 1534, in defiance of the pope's veto; translated to Salisbury, 1639: surrendered Hyde Abbey to the king; reconciled to Rome, 1553.
  18. ^ William Capon (d. 1550), ecclesiastic; B.A. Cambridge, 1499; D.D., 1517; fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge; a pluralist in benefices and prebends; chaplain to Cardinal Wolsey; master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1516-46; dean of Wolsey's short-lived college at Ipswich, 1528.
  19. ^ William Capon (1757–1827), architect and scene-painter; a portrait painter; scene-painter at Drury Lane, 1794-1809, and at Covent Garden, 1802; architectural draughtsman to Duke of York, 1804; exhibited views of buildings at the Royal Academy; made plans of the old palace of Westminster and the substructure of the abbey.
  20. ^ Newcome Cappe (1733–1800), Unitarian; educated by dissenting ministers; pastor of St. Saviourgate chapel, York, 1766-1800; published sermons and theological tracts.
  21. ^ Francis Capper (1735–1818), divine; educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; rector of Monk Soham and Earl Soham, Suffolk, 1769-1818.
  22. ^ James Capper (1743–1825), meteorologist ; educated at Harrow; colonel in the East India Company's service; afterwards resided in South Wales and Norfolk; vrot- -iatic itineraries and books on meteorological subjects and farming.
  23. ^ Joseph Capper (1727–1804), eccentric; grocer in London; lodged in the Horns inn, Kennington, 1779-1804.
  24. ^ Louisa Capper (1776–1840), daughter of James Capper q. v.j; published an abridgment of Locke on the Human Understanding 1811.
  25. ^ Thomas Cappoch (1719–1746). See Coppock.
  26. ^ Charles Caraccioli (fl. 1766), topographer; master of Arundel grammar school; published, 1776, The Antiquities of Arundel Other works of doubtful authenticity are attributed to him.
  27. ^ Caractacus (ft. 50), king of the Britons; his name in English, Caradoc, in Welsh, Caradawg; a son of Cunobelin of Colchester; as chief of the Catuvellauni, took the lead in resisting the Roman invasion, A.D. 43; (Irtrated on the Thames and in Essex; withdrew to South Vnlt-s, and continued to harass the Romans; defeated (perhaps near Shrewsbury), A.D. 50; sent captive to Rome; died in captivity.
  28. ^ Sir John Francis Caradoc , first Baron Howden (1762–1839), general; only son of John Cradock , archbishop of Dublin; changed his name to Caradoc in 1820: cornet, 1777; captain, 1781; major, 1785; M.P. in the Irish parliament, 1785-1800; lieutenantcolonel, 1789; served in West Indies, 1790 and 1793-5; stationed in Ireland, 1795; took active part in suppressing Irih rebellion, 1798; major-general, 1798; served in Egypt, 1801; K.B., 1803; commander-in-chief at Madras, 1804-7; lieutenant-general, 1805; partly responsible for mutiny at Vellore, 1806; took command in Portugal, 1808; removed to the governorship of Gibraltar, 1809; governor of the Cape, 1811-14; general, 1812 created Baron Howden in the Irish peerage, 1819, and in the English peerage, 1831.
  29. ^ Sir John Hobart Caradoc , second Baron Howden (1799–1873), diplomatist ; only child of Sir John Francis Caradoc, first baron Howden; ensign, 1816; aide-de-camp in France, 1815-18; captain, 1818; aide-de-camp at Lisbon and in Malta; on the embassy staff at Berlin, 1824, and Paris, 1825; major, 1825; envoy to Egypt, 1827; M.P., Dundalk, 1830; military attache with the French army, 1832, and the Spanish army, 1834; succeeded to barony, 1839; colonel, 1841; minister to Brazil. 1847-50; broke up the British blockade of Buenos Ayres, 1847; minister at Madrid, 1850-8; lieutenantgeneral, 1859; G.C.B.; died at Bayonne.
  30. ^ Caradog (d. 1035), a South Welsh prince ; a son of Rhydderch; fought against the sons of Edwin, 1032-5; slain by the English.
  31. ^ Caradog of Llancarvan (d. 1147?), Welsh chronicler; of the suite of Earl Robert of Gloucester; a friend of Geoffrey of Monmouth; wrote continuation of Geoffrey's chronicle, and other works, not now extant.
  32. ^ Maria Caterina Rosalbina Caradori-Allan (1800–1865), vocalist: born at Milan; daughter of Baron de Munck; took her mother's maiden name, Oaradori, for her professional name; married E. T. Allan, secretary of the King's Theatre, London, 1824; sang in the Italian opera in London, 1822-7, in Venice, 1830, and again in London in 1834; quitted the stage, and sang in oratorios and concerts; retired, 1845.
  33. ^ Carantacus in Welsh Carannoc, Saint (fl. 450), said to have declined the princedom of Cardigan in order to become a hermit; joined St. Patrick, and laboured wit h him in the conversion of Ireland; changed his name to Cernach; perhaps to be identified with the St. Cairnech whose festival is 16 May; returned to Wales; died in Ireland.
  34. ^ Carausius (245?–293), Roman emperor in Britain ; originally pilot on the Scheldt; served under the Emperor Maximian against the revolted Gauls, 286; given command of the Boulogne fleet against the Saxon pirates; enriched himself by plunder; suspecting Maximian's hostility, crossed to Britain, proclaimed himself emperor, raised troops, and struck coins, 287; defeated Maximian's fleet; admitted to partnership in tin; empire, 290; his garrison at Boulogne subdued byConstantius, 292; assassinated by Allectns Hia coins, chiefly minted at London and Colchester, are exceptionally numerous.
  35. ^ Earls of Carbery . See VAUGHAN, RICHARD, second EARL of, 1600 ?-1686; VAUQHAN, JOHN, third EARL of, 1640-1713.
  36. ^ Henry Card (1779–1844), miscellaneous writer ; educated at Westminster School; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1800: D.D., 1823; vicar of Great Malvern, 1815, and of Dormiugton, Herefordshire, 1832; published verses and historical and theological tracts.
  37. ^ John Bate Cardale (1802–1877), founder of the Catholic Apostolic (popularly called the Irvingite) church: son of a wealthy London solicitor; educated at Rugby, 1815-18; practised as solicitor in London, 1824-34; went to Scotland, 1830, to investigate the reported speaking with tongues; opened a prayer-meeting in London, to wait for the gift, October 1830; the gift of speaking in a tongue obtained by his wife, 1831; became, 1831, apostle of the new church; member, with his wife, of Edward Irving's congregation, in which (October 1831) speaking with tongues began; ordained Irving to be minister of the new church, 1833; settled at Albury, Surrey, 1835, where a cathedral was built; issued liturgy, 1842; published sermons and theological tracts.
  38. ^ Paul Cardale (1705–1775), Socinian; educated at a nonconformist seminary in Derbyshire, 1720; presbyter ian preacher at Kidderminster, 1726; minister at Evesham, 1733-75; published, anonymously, many Socinian sermons and tracts, 1740-74.
  39. ^ Peter Carder (fl. 1577–1586), a Cornish seaman; appeared in England, November 1586, with a tale that he had sailed with Sir Francis Drake, November 1577, been wrecked in the Straits of Magellan, October 1578, lived with savages, and made his way to Pernambuco.
  40. ^ Cardigan seventh Earl of (1797–1868). See James Thomas Brudenell.
  41. ^ Cardmaker alias John Taylor (d. 1556), protestant martyr; an Observant friar; married after the suppression of his order by Henry VIII; vicar of St. Bridget's, Fleet Street, and lecturer at St. Paul's; prebendary of Wells; tried to escape over sea; arrested in London, November 1554; sentenced to death for heresy, May 1555; burnt in Smithfield.
  42. ^ Anthony Cardon (1772–1813), engraver; a native of Brussels; came to London, 1792; illustrated books; engraved in stipple, chiefly portraits and battlepieces,
  43. ^ Philip Cardon (d. 1817?), engraver,
  44. ^ Adam (de) Cardonnel (d. 1719), secretary to the Duke of Marlborough from 1692 throughout his campaigns; sou of a Huguenot refugee; clerk In the war office; M.P. for Southampton, 1701; his name put forward by Marlborough for the secretaryship of war, January 1710, but rejected by the tories; expelled the house on a charge of receiving gratuities from army contractors, 1712.
  45. ^ Adam (Mansfeldt) de Cardonnel afterwards CARDONNEL-LAWSON (d. 1820), antiquary; by profession a surgeon; studied antiquities and numismatics; F.S.A. Scotland, 1780: resided in Edinburgh; gave much assistance to Francis Grose; took the name Lawsoii and removed to Northumberland, on succession to an estate, c. 1790; often visited Bath; published treatises on Scottish coins and antiquities.
  46. ^ Philip de Cardonnel (d. 1667), author of verses on Charles II's marriage.
  47. '^ Barons Cardross . See ERSKINE, DANIEL, second Baron 1616–1671; ERSKINE, HENRY, third BARON, 1660-1693.
  48. ^ Edward Cardwell (1787–1861), church historiau; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1809: D.D., 18:il; fellow and tutor; Camden professor of ancient history, 1826-61; rector of Stoke Brnerne, Northamptonshire. 1828; principal of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1831-61; pubIMu-d sermons, editions of Aristotle's Ethics the Greek Testament, and.losophiis, and oolUvtimi- for tin- history (1546-1717) of the church of England and of the prayerbook,
  49. ^ Edward Cardwell, Viscount Cardwell (1813-1886) statesman; son of Liverpool merchant; educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford; B.A., 1835; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1838: M.P. for Clitheroe, 1843; attached himself to Sir Robert Peel; secretary to the treasury, 1845-6; M.P. for Liverpool, 1847-52; M.P. for Oxford city, 1852; president of the board of trade in Lord Aberdaen's coalition cabinet, 1852-5; carried through the Merckant Shipping Act, 1864 served on the commission regarding the manning of the navy, 1858: secretary for Ireland under Lord Palmerston, 1859-61: secretary for the colonies under Lord Palmerston and Russell, 1864-6: withdrew British troops from colonial stations and abolished transportation; secretary for war under Mr. Gladstone, 1868-74; introduced short service and the army reserve; abolished commissions by purchase; created Viscount Cardwell, 1874.
  50. ^ Henry Care (1646–1688), journalist; edited a partisan anti-Romanist journal, called the Weekly Pacqnet of Advice from Rome 1678-9, suppressed in 1680, but afterwards continued till 1683: published several controversial pamphlets and some translations.
  51. ^ William Careless (d. 1689). See Carlos
  52. ^ Alexander Carencross (d. 1701). See Cairncross.
  53. ^ Sir Alexander Carew (1609–1644), second baronet, of Antony, Cornwall; M.P. for Cornwall, 1640; governor for the parliament of St. Nicholas Island in Plymouth harbour; arrested on suspicion of betraying his charge; found guilty, 1644; executed on Tower Hill.
  54. ^ Bamfylde Moore Carew (1693–1770?), king of the gipsies; son of a Devonshire rector; ran away from Tiverton school, and joined the gipsies; became a clever sharper: went to Newfoundland; returned to Newcastle-on-Tyne; elected king of the English gipsies; transported to Maryland; escaped, and returned to England; followed Prince Charles Edward's army to Derby. 1745.
  55. ^ Sir Benjamin Hallowell Carew (1760–1834), admiral; named Hallowell up to 1828, when he took the name Oarew on succeeding to certain property; born in Canada; served in the navy, chiefly in Mediterranean, 1781-1814; commander, 179U: commanded a ship in the battle of the Nile, 1798; presented Nelson with a coffin made of the timbers of the L'Orient; rear-admiral, 1811; K.O.B., 1816; commanded on home stations, 18161824; admiral, 1830.
  56. ^ Sir Edmund Carew (1464–1513), soldier ; adherent of Henry VII; knighted on Bosworth field, 1485; drove Perkin Warbeck from Exeter, 1497; killed at the siege of Thcrouanne.
  57. ^ Lady Elizabeth Carew (fl. 1590). See Elizabeth Carey.
  58. ^ George Carew (d. 1583), ecclesiastic; third son of Sir Edmund Carew; B.A. Oxford, 1522; a pluralist in rectories and prebends; dean of Bristol, 1552-3 and 1559-71; dean of Christ Church, Oxford 1659-61; dean of Windsor, 1660-77; dean of Exeter, 1571-1583.
  59. ^ Sir George Carew (d. 1612), lawyer and diplomatist; probably at Oxford; travelled: barrister; secretary to lord chancellors Hatton and Egerton; M.P. for various Cornish boroughs, 1584-1601; envoy to Sweden and Poland, 1598; a master in chancery, 1599-1612; knighted, 1603: envoy to France, 1606-9; master of court of wards, 1612; drew up reports of causes in chancery,
  60. ^ George Carew, Baron Carew of Clopton and Earl of Totnes (1555–1629), statesman; son of George Carew (d. 1583); educated at Broadgates Hall, Oxford, 1564-73; attended Sir Peter Carew to Ireland, 1574; volunteer in Ireland, 1575; given charge of Leighlin Castle, 1576; repulsed Rory Oge O'More, 1577; captain in navy, 1578; commanded troops in Ireland, 1579-80; knighted, 1586; sent to report on Irish aff airs to Queen Elizabeth, 1586; master of ordnance in Ireland, 1588-92; lieutenant-general of ordnance in England, 1592; went with the expeditions to Cadiz, 1596, and the Azores, 1597; envoy to Prance, 1598; treasurer at war in Ireland, 1599; lord justice, 1599; president of Minister, 1600-3; ruthlessly suppressed Irish rebellion; M.P. for Hastings, 1604; created Baron Carew of Clopton House, 1605; master-general of the ordnance, 1608-17; governor of Guernsey, 1610-21; visited Ireland, 1610; created Earl of Totnes, 1626. Portions of his large collections for Irish history are in the Lambeth and Bodleian libraries.
  61. ^ Sir John Carew (d. 1362), jnsticiar in Ireland ; owned Mulesford Manor, Berkshire, 1327; went to Ireland, 1332; negotiated with the Irish rebels, 1346: justiciar, 1349; king's escheator in Ireland, 1349, 1352, 1356, and 1356; attended the council at Waterford, 1369: at Westminster, 1361; followed Prince Lionel to Ireland.
  62. ^ John Carew (d . 1660), regicide ; of Antony, Cornwall; of republican opinions; co-opted by the Long parliament into the seat for Tregony: commissioner at Holdenby, 1646; sat as judge on Charles I and signed the I death-warrant; served in the Commonwealth parliaments of 1651 and 1654; imprisoned by Cromwell, 1655; retired to his estates; again imprisoned, 1658; fined for not attending in parliament, 1659; tried at London as a regicide; executed at Charing Cross.
  63. ^ John Edward Carew (1785?–1868), sculptor ; assistant in London to Sir Richard Westmacott, 18091823; employed at Petworth by the third Earl of Egremont, 1823-37; lived latterly in London; exhibited ab the Royal Academy, 1830-48.
  64. ^ Sir Matthew Carew (d. 1618), lawyer; educated at Westminster School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; studied law abroad; travelled in Italy; practised in the court of arches; a master in chancery, 1583-1618; knighted, 1603.
  65. ^ Sir Nicholas Carew (d. 1539), of Beddington, Surrey; courtier of Henry VIII; attended Henry VIII in France, 1513; knighted before 1517; keeper of Greenwich Park, 1517; sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, 1519 and 1529; removed by the privy council from attendance on the king, 1619; sent to Calais, as lieutenant of the castle; attended Henry VIII in France, 1520; returned to court, 1521; master of the horse, 1622: envoy to France, 1527; M.P., Surrey, 1529; envoy to the Emperor Charles V, 1629-30; entertained Henry VIII at Beddington, 1531; envoy to France, 1532; K.G., 1536; condemned for his share in the Marquis of Exeter's treason; beheaded,
  66. ^ Sir Peter Carew (1514–1575), soldier; went to France as a page; became a muleteer; servant to a French officer in Italy, 1525; in the service of Philibert, prince of Orange, 1525-30; recommended to Henry VIII, who made him a gentleman of the privy chamber; travelled in Italy and Turkey, 1540; served in the war with France, 1644; knighted, 1645; sheriff of Devonshire, 1646; active in repressing the Devonshire rising, 1549; opposed Queen Mary's marriage with Philip of Spain; fled oversea; arrested in Antwerp; imprisoned in the Tower, 1556; went to Ireland to claim estates in Munster, 1568; engaged in civil war with the Butlers; recalled; constable of the Tower, 1572; returned to Ireland, 1674.
  67. ^ Richard Carew (1555–1620), antiquary; educated at Christ Church, Oxford: succeeded to the estates at Antony, Cornwall; justice of the peace, 1581; M.P. for Saltash, 1584; high sheriff of Cornwall, 1586; M.P. for Michell, 1597; published a translation of the first five cantos of Tasso's Godfrey of Bvlloigne Jerusalem Delivered, 1594, and a Svrvey of Cornwall 1602.
  68. ^ Sir Richard Carew (d. 1643?), writer on education; eldest son of Richard Carew (1555-1620); educated at Oxford and the Middle Temple; travelled in France: M.P. for Cornwall, 1614; M.P. for Michell, 1620; created baronet, 1642; wrote tract on teaching Latin.
  69. ^ Robert Carew or Cary, also called Cervinus (fl.–1325), schoolman: D.D. Oxford; wrote commentaries on Aristotle, Peter Lombard, and the scriptures.
  70. ^ Sir Thomas Carew (d. 1431), soldier in the service of Henry IV and Henry V.
  71. ^ Thomas Carew (1598?–1639?), poet; son of Sir Matthew Carew: entered Merton College, Oxford, 16UK; B.A., 1611; entered at Middle Temple, 1612; secretary to Sir Dudley Oarleton in Italy, 16131615; quarrelled with Oarleton, 1616; accompanied Lord Herbert of Cherbury to France, 1619; employed in the court of Charles I, who gave him Sunninghrll; a man of dissipated habits; wrote masques and songs.
  72. ^ Thomas Carew (1590–1672?), traveller and historian.
  73. ^ David Carey (1782–1824), journalist ; whig journalist in London, c. 1804, in Inverness, 1807, in Boston, 1812, and again in London, 1813; published verses, novels, and notes of travel.
  74. ^ Lady Elizabeth Carey or Carew, the elder (d. 1590), daughter of Sir John Spencer of Althorpe; kinswoman of Edmund Spenser, who dedicated his Muiopotmos to her; married Sir George Carey, afterwards second baron Hunsdon.
  75. ^ Elizabeth Carey or Carew, the younger (d. 1635), daughter of Lady Elizabeth Carey the elder; patroness of Thomas Nash the satirist; married Sir Thomas Berkeley; possibly authoress of The Tragedie of Marian 1613.
  76. ^ Eustace Carey (1791–1855), missionary; educated in baptist seminaries; baptist missionary at Calcutta, 1814-25; visited baptist churches in Great Britain, advocating missions, from 1826; published tracts on missions.
  77. ^ Felix Carey (1786–1822), auther of a Burmese grammar and dictionary, and translations into Burmese; son of William Carey (1761-1834); missionary; died at Serampur, Bengal.
  78. ^ George Carey, second Baron Hunsdon (1547-1603), eldest son of Henry Carey, first baron Huusdon ; married Lady Elizabeth Carey (fl. 1590); entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1560; envoy to Scotland, 1569; served against the northern rebels, and the Scots, 1570: knighted, 1570; constable of Bamborough Castle, 1574; envoy to Scotland, 1582; captain-general of the Isle of Wight, 1582; fortified the Isle of Wight in expectation of the Armada, 1687; envoy to Scotland, 1689; succeeded to barony, 1596; lord chamberlain of the household, 1597.
  79. ^ Sir George Carey or Cary (d. 1617), of Cockington; treasurer at war in Ireland, 1588; lord justice, 1603.
  80. ^ George Jackson Carey (1822–1872), major-general; educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey; ensign, 1846; served in South Africa, 1846-57; captain, 1848; brevet-colonel, 1864; served in New Zealand, 1863-6; on home stations, 1867-72; major-general, 1868.
  81. ^ George Saville Carey (1743–1807), miscellaneous writer; posthumous son of Henry Carey (d. 1743); brought up as a printer; took to the stage, 1763; failed as an actor; a successful vocalist and mimic in London and the provinces, 1770-1807; published songs, plays, burlettas, and operas, 1766-1801.
  82. ^ Henry Carey, first Baron Hunsdon (1524?–1596), son of Anne Boleyn's sister and first cousin to Queen Elizabeth; M.P., Buckingham, 1547-55; received lands in Buckinghamshire from Edward VI, 1549; knighted, 1558; created Baron Hunsdon, January 1659, and given lands in Hertfordshire and Kent by Queen Elizabeth; K.G., 1561; in attendance at court; envoy to France, 1564; governor of Berwick, 1568-87; active in repressing the northern rebellion, 1569-70; entertained Elizabeth at Hunsdon and received hinds in Yorkshire, 1571; favoured Queen Elizabeth's projected marriage with the Due d'Aujou, 1579; lord chamberlain of the household, 1583; commissioner on various treason trials, 1585-95; commissioner to try Mary Stuart, 1586; envoy to Scotland, 1687; in command of the forces at Tilbury, 1588; envoy to France, 1591.
  83. ^ Henry Carey, second Earl of Monmouth (1596-1661), translator; eldest son of Robert Carey, first earl of Monmouth; spent his boyhood with his father on the borders and at the court of James I; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1613; travelled, 1613-16; K.B., 1616; succeeded to the earldom, 1639; lived in retirement; published translations from the Italian and French, 1637-58.
  84. ^ Henry Carey (d. 1743), author of Sally in our Alley; published his first poems, 1713; wrote farces, burlesques, and songs for the London theatres, 1715-39. His Dramatic Works appeared 1743.
  85. ^ James Carey (1845–1883), Fenian and informer ; a bricklayer of Dublin; a successful Dublin builder; joined the Fenians, 1861; became a leader of the * Invincibles 1881; directed the assassination of Lord Frederick Cavendish, May 1882; arrested, January 1883; turned queen's evidence, February; murdered at sea.
  86. ^ John Carey, third Baron Hunsdon (d. 1617), second son of Henry Carey, first baron Hunsdon; deputy warden of the eastern marches and marshal of Berwick; proclaimed James I, king of England, at Berwick, 25 March 1603; succeeded to barony, September 1603.
  87. ^ John Carey (1756–1826), classical scholar; born in Ireland; educated in France; visited the United States, 1789; settled in London as a teacher of classics and French; edited Dryden's Virgil 1803 and 1819; edited many classical texts and school-books.
  88. ^ Matthew Carey (1760–1839), bookseller ; son of a Dublin baker; apprenticed to a bookseller; went to Paris, 1779, fearing prosecution for a pamphlet reflecting on the penal laws; conducted the Dublin Freeman's Journal 1 and (1783)The Volunteer's Journal emigrated to Philadelphia, 1784; journalist at Philadelphia, 1785-92; bookseller and publisher, 1792-1824; published Vindiciae Hiberaicae 1819, to extenuate the rebellion of 1641; wrote a multitude of papers on political and social subjects.
  89. ^ Patrick Carey (fl. 1651). See Cary.
  90. ^ Robert Carey , first Earl of Monmouth (1560?-1639), youngest son of Henry Carey, first baron Hunsdon; employed in the public service in the Netherlands, 1577-81, and in Scotland, 1583; M.P., Morpeth, 1586-93; fought in the Netherlands, 1587, against the Armada, 1588, and in Normandy, 1591; envoy to Scotland, 1588 and 1593; knighted, 1591; employed on the Scottish border, 1593-1603; M.P., Northumberland, 1598 and 1601; conveyed, by three days riding, news of Elizabeth's death to James VI of Scotland, 1603; master of the robes to Prince Charles, 1611, and chamberlain, 1617-25; created Baron Leppington, 1622; followed Prince Charles to Spain, 1623; created Earl of Monmouth, 1626; wrote an autobiography (printed 1759).
  91. ^ Valentine Carey (d. 1626). See Cary.
  92. ^ William Carey (1761–1834), orientalist and missionary; son of a Northamptonshire schoolmaster; a shoemaker; joined the baptists, 1783; pastor at Moulton, Northamptonshire, 1786, and Leicester, 1789; devoted himself to study; founded Baptist Missionary Society; went to Calcutta, 1794; made a living as foreman at an indigo factory at Maldah; preached there in Bengali, 1795-9; removed to Serampur, 1799; professor of Sanskrit at Fort William College, 1801; opened mission chapel at Calcutta, 1805; issued translations of the scriptures; compiled grammars and dictionaries of several native languages and edited the Ramayana 1806-10.
  93. ^ William Carey (1769–1846), bishop of Exeter and St. Asaph; educated at Westminster School; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1789; M.A., 1796; censor, 1798-1802; vicar of Cowley, Oxford; head-master of Westminster, 1803-14; D.D., 1807; prebendary of Westminster, 1809; vicar of Sutton-in-the-Forest, Yorkshire; bishop of Exeter, 1820; bishop of St. Asapb, 1830-46; benefactor of Christ Church, Oxford.
  94. ^ William Paulet Carey (1759–1839), art eritio; eneniver at Dublin; a dealer in pictures.unl prints in London; one of the first to nvoiriiis.- the genius of Chantrey, the sculptor; removed to Birmingham, 1834; published many works on artistic and literary questions, 1801-36.
  95. ^ Ann Cargill (1748?-1784), actress and vocalist ; acted under the name of Miss Brown at Coveut Garden, 1770-80, and under that of Mrs. Cargill at the Haymarket, 1780; went on a professional tour to India, 1782; drowned off Scilly.
  96. ^ Donald Cargill , or, according to some, Daniel (1619?-1681), covenanter; educated at Aberdeen and St. Andrews; minister of Barony parish, Glasgow, 1656; ejected by the privy council for rebuking Charles II's conduct, 1662: field preacher in the lowlands; present at battle of Both well Bridge, 1679; pronounced Charles II deposed and excommunicated, 1680; captured, 1680; executed at Edinburgh.
  97. ^ James Cargill (fl. 1605), botanist: medical practitioner in Aberdeen after studying botany at Basle.
  98. ^ Earls of Carhampton . See LUTTRELL, HENRY LAWES, second EARL, 1743-1821; LUTTRELL-OLMIUS, JOHN, third EARL, d. 1829.
  99. ^ Benjamin Carier (1566–1614), convert to Roman Catholicism; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1686, and fellow, 1589-1602; D.D., 1602; rector of Paddlesworth, Kent, 1598-9; vicar of Thurnham, Kent, 1600-13; rector of West Tarring, Sussex, 1602; rector of Old Romney, Kent, and chaplain to James I, 1603; prebendary of Canterbury, 1608; fellow of Sutcliffe's college at Chelsea; withdrew to Spa; converted to Romanism at Cologne; died in Paris: published treatise in justification of his conversion, 1613.
  100. ^ William de Carilef, Saint (d. 1096), bishop of Durham; secular priest at Bayeux; monk at St. Carilef (or Calais), Maine; abbot of St. Vincent; bishop of Durham, 1081; expelled,the secular canons at Durham and put monks in their place, 1083; an adviser of William I; chief minister to William 111088; rebelled; took refuge in Normandy; pardoned, 1091; commenced the rebuilding of Durham Cathedral, 1093; helped William II in his proceedings against Anselm, 1095, though he had previously maintained that bishops were exempt from the royal jurisdiction.
  101. ^ Samuel Carkeet (d. 1746), presbyterian; minister at Totnes, 1710; removed to Bodmin, c. 1729; published sermons.
  102. ^ James Carkesse (fl. 1679), verse writer ; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1662; master of Magdalen College School, Oxford; joined the Roman catholic church before 1679; published Lucida Intervalla, a volume of doggerel rhymes, 1679.
  103. ^ Robert Carkett (d. 1780), naval officer ; seaman in the navy, 1734; midshipman, c. 1738; lieutenant, 1745; distinguished himself in action, 1758; captain, 1758; failed to understand Rodney's instructions, 17 April 1780, thereby spoiling that commander's plans; his ship wrecked in a hurricane, all hands being lost, 1780.
  104. ^ Christopher Carleill (1551?–1593), military and naval commander; educated at Cambridge; Sir Francis Walsingham's son-in-law; served at sea and on land with the Dutch, 1572-7; served under Oonde at La Rochelle; escorted English merchant fleet to Russia, 1582; projected voyage of exploration to America, 1683; commander at Coleraine, 1584; commanded the land forces against the Spanish West Indies, 1585; governor of Ulster, 1588.
  105. ^ Lodowick Carlell (fl. 1629–1664), dramatist; a court official under Charles I and Charles II: published nine plays (eight extant).
  106. ^ Baron Carleton (d. 1726). See Henry Boyle.
  107. ^ Sir Dudley Carleton, Viscount Dorchester (1573-1632), diplomatist; educated at Westminster School; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1696; travelled, 1596-1600; ambassador's secretary at Paris, 1602-3: M.P., St. Mawes, 1604-11; secretary to Henry, earl of Northumberland; travelled with Francis, lord Norreys, 1605; suspected of complicity in the Gunpowder plot, 1606; knighted, 1610; ambassador to Venice, 1610-15; ambassador at the Hague, 1616-25; envoy to Paris, 1626; M.P., Hastings, 1626; created Baron Oarleton of Imbereourt. May 1616; envoy to the Hague, 1626-8; created Viscount Dorchester, July 1628; secretary of state, 1628; left a mass of official correspondence.
  108. ^ George Carleton (1659–1628), bishop of Chichester; entered St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1576; fellow of Merton College, 1580; M.A., 1585; vicar of Mayfleld, Sussex, 1589-1605; D.D., 1613; bishop of Llandaff, 1618; represented the church of England at the synod at Dort, 1018-19; bishop of Chichester, 1619; published complimentary verses, theological tracts, and a life of Bernard Gilpin.
  109. ^ George Carleton (fl. 1728), captain ; published at London, 1728, an autobiography entitled Military Memoirs from 1672 to 1713 (long thought to be one of Defoe's fictions); volunteer in the English fleet, 1672; in the Prince of Orange's service in the Netherlands; stationed in Scotland, 1690?-1705; served in Spain under Peterborough, 1705.
  110. ^ Guy Carleton (1598?–1685), bishop of Chichester; educated at Carlisle school; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1625; fellow; M.A., 1629; followed Charles I's army, although a divine; imprisoned at Lambeth; escaped oversea; D.D., 1660; dean of Carlisle, 1660; bishop of Bristol, 1671; bishop of Chichester, 1678.
  111. ^ Guy Carleton , first Baron Dorchester (1724–1808), governor of Quebec; ensign, 1742; lieutenantcolonel, 1757; served in America, 1758-62; colonel, 1762; acting governor of Quebec, 1766-70; returned to England, 1770; major-general, 1772; advocated the Quebec Act, 1774; governor of Quebec, 1775-7; defeated by an American force, 1775; successfully defended Quebec, December 1775 to May 1776; defeated the Americans on Lake Champlain, October 1776; K.B., 1776; returned to England, 1778; commander-in-chief in America, 1782-3; created Baron Dorchester, August 1786; resided in Quebec as governor, 1786-91 and 1793-6; general, 1793.
  112. ^ Hugh Carleton , Viscount Carleton (1739-1826), Irish judge; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; solicitor-general, 1779; lord chief justice of the common pleas, 1787-1800; created Baron Oarleton, 1789; created Viscount Oarleton, 1797; lord chief justice, 1800.
  113. ^ Mary Carleton (1642?–1673), 'the German princess'; criminal; born in Canterbury and named Mary Moders; came from Holland to England, 1661, pretending to be a noble German heiress; married bigamously John Carleton, 1663; went on the stage, 1664; transported for theft to Jamaica, 1671; returned to London; hanged for theft; subject of two broadsides and an Historicall Narrative.
  114. ^ Richard Carleton (1560?–1638?), composer; B.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1577; Mus. Bac.; employed at Norwich Cathedral; rector of Bawsey, Norfolk, 1612; published madrigals.
  115. ^ Thomas Carleton (1593?–1666). See Compton.
  116. ^ William Carleton (d. 1309?), judge; justice over the Jews, 1286-90; baron of the exchequer, 1291; senior baron, 1300.
  117. ^ William Carleton (1794–1869), Irish novelist; born in Tyrone; son of a poor cottar; taught by a hedge-priest; intended for the church; tutor in Dublin; published numerous realistic tales delineating Irish life, 1830-62; pensioned.
  118. ^ Robert Carliell (d. 1622?), poet; published, 1620, Britaines Glorie, an allegorical poem praising the church.
  119. '^ Anne 'Carlile or Carlisle (d. 1680?), miniaturist; mentioned, 1658, as painting in oil.
  120. ^ Christopher Carlile (d. 1588?), divine ; fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1541; B.D., 1552; D.D.: was residing at MonksHorton, Kent, 1563; published two controversial treatises.
  121. ^ Christopher Carlile (1551?-1593). See CARLeill ClUUSTorilKK.
  122. ^ James Carlile (d. 1691), dramatist ; an actor at Drury Lane, 1CK2-1: captain in the army: brought out 4 Fortune Hunters a comely, 1689; killed at Aghrim.
  123. ^ James Carlile (1784–1854), divine ; born at Paisley educated at Glasgow; D.D.; joint minister of a Scots church in Dublin, 1813-54; commissioner of education, 1830-9; inaugurated mission to Roman catholics at I'arsonstown, 1839; published theological and controversial tracts.
  124. ^ Richard Carlile (1790–1843), freethinker; a Devonshire shoemaker's son; chemist's shopboy in Exeter; journeyman tinsmith; mechanic in London, 1813; a disciple of Thomas Paine, 1816; vendor of prohibited papers, 1817; printer and author of freethought papers; issued Paine's works, 1818: imprisoned at Dorchester, 1819-25; LssuedThe Republican a journal, 1819-26; his wife, sister, and shopmen imprisoned, in spite of which the journal still appeared; opened hall for free discussion, 1830; imprisoned for refusing to pay church rates, 1830-3 and 1834-5: wrote numerous controversial tracts and serials.
  125. ^ Earls Op Carlingford . See TAAFE, THEOBald first EARL, d. 1677; TAAFE, FRANCIS, third EARL, 1639-1704.
  126. ^ Viscounts of Carlingford . See TAAFE, THEOBald second VISCOUNT, d. 1677 ; TAAFE, FRANCIS, fourth Viscount 1639–1704 ; TAAFE, NICHOLAS, sixth VISCOUNT, 1877-1769.
  127. ^ Baron Carlingford , 1823–1898. See Chichester Samuel Parkinson Fortescue.
  128. ^ Agostino Carlini (d. 1790), sculptor and painter ; born at Genoa; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1760-86; celebrated for his treatment of drapery.
  129. ^ Earls of Carlisle . See HARCLAY, ANDREW. d. 1323; HAY, JAMES, d. 1636; HOWARD, CHARLES, first EARL of the second creation, 1629-1685; HOWARD, CHARLES, third EARL, 1674-1738; HOWARD, HKNUY, fourth EARL, 1694-1758; HOWARD, FREDERICK, fifth EARL, 1748-1825; HOWARD, GKOROE, sixth EARL, 17731848; HOWARD. GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK, seventh EARL, 1802-1864.
  130. ^ Countess of Carlisle (1599–1660). See Lucy Hay.
  131. ^ Sir Anthony Carlisle (1768–1840), surgeon: apprenticed to practitioners in York and Durham; studied in London; surgeon to the Westminster Hospital, 17931840; professor of anatomy at the Royal Academy, 18081824; knighted, 1820; introduced the thin-bladed, straightedged amputating knife; wrote on medical, artistic, and scientific subjects.
  132. ^ Nicholas Carlisle (1771–1847), antiquary; born at York; purser in the East India Company's service; secretary to Society of Antiquaries, 1807; assistant librarian, Royal Library, 1812; compiler of topographical dictionaries, family histories, and similar works.
  133. ^ Edward John Carlos (1798–1851), antiquary ; au official of the lord mayor's court office; wrote descriptions of London churches and old buildings.
  134. ^ William Carlos, Carles or Careless (d. 1689), royalist; major or colonel in the civil wars; after Worcester fight, 3 Sept. 1651, hid himself in an oak tree near Boscobel House; shared his retreat with Charles II, 6 and 7 Sept.; escaped to France; was taken into Charles's service; granted one-third of the tax on hay and straw in London and Westminster, 1661; received a bounty from James II, 1687.
  135. ^ James Carlse (1798–1856), engraver; of London ; engraved chiefly for annuals and books.
  136. ^ Alexander Carlyle (1722–1805), Scottish divine; nicknamedJupiter Carlyle from his fine presence; eye-witness of the Porteous riots, 1736, and the battle of Prestonpaus, 1746; entered Edinburgh Univer sity, 1735; M.A., 1743; studied also at Glasgow, 1743-4, and Leyden, 1745; D.D.; minister of Inveresk, Midlothian, 1748-1805; leader of the Scottish Broad church party; censured for attending the performance of John Home's 'Douglas 1757; published jM)litical pamphlets, 1758-64; sent to London to ask exemption of Scottish clergy from window-tax, 1769; moderator of the general assembly, 1770; dean of the Chapel Royal, 1789; his autobiography printed, 1860.
  137. ^ Jane Baillie Welsh Carlyle (1801–1866), only child of John Welsh (d. 1819), physician, of Haddington; a self-willed girl; wrote verses, 1815; of feeble health and querulous disposition, but with much shrewd wit; wished to marry Edward Irving, 1818-23; made the acquaintance of Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) , 1821; rejected him, 1823; accepted him, 1825; married him, 1826; resided first at Edinburgh and Craigenputtock, and then in Cheyne Row, Chelsea, 1834-66; formed a coterie of lady friends, 1841; impaired her own and her husband's happiness by groundless jealousy, 1845-57; became a great invalid, 1858; died suddenly of the shook of a trivial accident; her letters were published, 1883.
  138. ^ John Aitken Carlyle (1801–1879), physician ; younger brother of Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881); born at Ecclefechan; master in Annan academy; M.D. Edinburgh, 1825; studied also in Germany; failed to gain practice in London; physician to the Countess of Clare in Italy, 1831-7, and to the Duke of Buccleuch abroad 1838-43; lodged in Chelsea; published a prose translation of Dante's Inferno 1849; removed to Edinburgh, c. 1855; latterly resided at Dumfries; studied Icelandic; benefactor to Edinburgh University,
  139. ^ Joseph Dacre Carlyle (1759–1804), Arabic scholar; B.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1779; fellow; B.D., 1793; published translations from the Arabic, 1792-6; professor of Arabic, 1795; travelled in the Levant, 1799-1801; vicar of Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1801. His poems and Arabic bible appeared posthumously.
  140. ^ Thomas Carlyle (1803–1855), an apostle of the Catholic Apostolic church; schoolfellow of Edward Irving at Annan; studied at Edinburgh; advocate at the Scottish bar, 1824; published theological tracts, 1827-9; settled at Albury, Surrey, as ninth apostle, 1835; received North Germany as his province, 1838, and travelled widely there; died at Albury; publishedThe Moral Phenomena of Germany 1845.
  141. ^ Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), essayist and historian; son of a mason at Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire; educated at the parish school, and (1805) at Annan academy; entered Edinburgh University, 1809; studied mathematics; intended for the church; mathematical teacher at Annan, 1814; schoolmaster at Kirkcaldy, 1816, where he became intimate with Edward Irving; read law in Edinburgh, 1819, where he developed extreme sensitiveness to physical discomforts; took pupils; read German; met his future wife see JANE BAILLIE WELSH CARLYLE, 1821; tutor to Charles Buller at Edinburgh and Dunkeld, 1822-4; contributed aLife of Schillerto theLondon Magazine 1824; translated Legendre's Geometry and Goethe's Wilhelm Meister 1824; visited Paris, 1824; lodged in Islington, 1825; retired to Dumfriesshire, 1825; married and settled in Edinburgh, 1826; contributed to theEdinburgh Review 1827-9; unsuccessful candidate for the moral philosophy chair at St. Andrews; removed to Craigenputtock, Dumfriesshire, 1828, where he wrote on German literature for the magazines; in great monetary difficulties, 1831; in London, 1831, where he failed to get Sartor Resartus published; returned to Craigenputtock, 1832; removed to Cheyne Row, Chelsea, 1834; the manuscript of the first volume of his French Revolution accidentally burnt by John Stuart Mill, March 1835: met John Sterling, 1835: published his French Revolution 1837, and made his reputation; gave four lecture-courses in London, 1837-40, the last on Hero-worship (published 1841); urged formation of London Library, 1839; published Chartism 1839, Past and Present 1843, and Oliver Cromwell 1846; visited Ireland, 1846 and 1849; published Life of Sterling 1851; wrote Frederick the Great 18511865 (published 1858-65); travelled in Germany, 1852 and 1868; lord rector of Edinburgh University, 1866-6; lost his wife 1866; wrote his Reminiscences(published 1881V published pamphlet in favour of Germany in r,-gdto Franco-German war. WO; his right hand paralysed, 1872; received the Prussian order of merit, 1874; buried at KooK-fivhaii: hem-factor of Edinburgh University His Collected Works first appeared 1857-8. His life was written with great frankness by his friend and disciple, James Anthony Froude.
  142. ^ Clement Carlyon (1777–1864), physician ; member of Pembroke College, Cambridge; travelled in Germany studied medicine in Edinburgh and London; settled in Truro; friend of Coleridge; published an autobiography and miscellaneous tracts.
  143. ^ Marquis of Carmarthen (1631–1712). See Thomas Osborne.
  144. ^ Peter Carmelianus (d. 1527), court poet ; born at Brescia; came to England, c. 1480 ?; wrote first in laudation, subsequently in vituperation, of Richard III; pensioned by Henry VII, 1486; Latin secretary and chaplain to Henry VII; lute-player to Henry VIII; prebendary of York, 1498-1527; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1517-26; beneficed in Yorkshire; prebendary of St. Stephens, Westminster, 1524.
  145. ^ Frederick Carmichael (1708–1761), divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1725; minister of Monimail, 1737, and of Inveresk, 1747-51; published sermons.
  146. ^ James Carmichael (ft. 1587), a Scot, published a small Latin grammar at Cambridge.
  147. ^ Sir James Carmichael , first BARON CARMICHAEL (1578?-1672), Scottish judge; successively styled of Hyndford, of Westeraw, and, 1600, of Carmichael; courtier of James VI of Scotland; created baronet of Nova Scotia, 1627; sheriff of Lanark, 1632; lord justice clerk, 1634-6; treasurer-depute, 1636-49; a lord of session, 1636-49, with style of Lord Oarmichael; created Baron Carmichael, 1651; fined by Cromwell, 1654.
  148. ^ James Wilson Carmichael (1800–1868), marine painter; went to sea; a shipbuilder's draughtsman; painted at Newcastle in water-colours and (1825) in oils; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1838-62; wrote on painting.
  149. ^ Sir John Carmichael (d. 1600), of Carmichael : tried to deliver Morton, 1581; involved in the raid of Kuthven, 1584; warden of the west marches, 1588-92; envoy to Denmark, 1589; envoy to England, 1690; again warden, 1598; murdered by the Armstrongs,
  150. ^ John Carmichael , second BARON CARMICHAEL and first EARL OF HYNDFORD (1638-1710), succeeded to the barony, 1672; lord privy seal of Scotland, 1689; commissioner to the general assembly, 1690 and 1694-9; colonel of dragoons, 1693-7; secretary of state, 1696-1702; created Earl of Hyudford, 1701; supported the Act of Union.
  151. ^ John Carmichael , third EARL OF HYNDFORD (1701-1767), diplomatist; army captain, 1733: succeeded to earldom, 1737; Scottish representative peer; sheriff of Lanark, 1739; commissioner to the general assembly, 1739-40; envoy to Prussia, 1741-2, to Russia, 1744-9, and to Vienna, 1752-64.
  152. ^ Richard Carmichael (1779–1849), surgeon; assistant-surgeon to the Wexford militia, 1795-1802; practised in Dublin, 1803; surgeon to St. George's Hospital, 1803, to the Lock Hospital, 1810, and to the Richmond Hospital, 1816-36; advocated the improvement of medical education in Ireland; founded and endowed the Carmichael School of Medicine, 1826; wrote on medical subjects; drowned.
  153. ^ Alice Carmylyon or Ellys (ft. 1627–1631), decorative painter to Henry VIII. Note: ODNB specified Ellis not Alice.
  154. ^ William Carnaby (1772–1839), composer; chorister of the Chapel Royal; organist at Eye and at Huntingdon; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1805; Mus. Doc., 1808; organist to Hanover Chapel, Regent Street, London, 1823-39; composed songs, duets, and pianoforte pieces.
  155. ^ Sir James Rivett Carnac (1785–1846), Indian official; entered the East India Company's service, 1801; political officer; resident at Baroda, 1817-19; major; returned to England, 1822; created baronet, 1836; chairman of the East India Company, 1836-7; M.P., Sandwich. 1837; governor of Bombay, 1838; returned to England, 1841.
  156. ^ John Carnac (1716–1800), colonel ; captain in the East India Company's service, 1768; major, 1760; brigadier-general, 1764; returned to England, 1767; M.P., Leominster, 1767; served in Bengal, 1771; member of council at Bombay, 1776-9; died at Mangalore.
  157. ^ Earls of Carnarvon . See DORMER, ROHKKT, first EARL, d. 1643; HERBERT, HENRY JOHN GEORGE, third EARL of the third creation, 1800-1849; HERBERT, HENRY HOWARD MOLYNEUX, fourth EARL, 1831-1890.
  158. ^ Sir Edward Carne (d. 1561), diplomatist ; D.C.L. Oxford, 1524; a commissioner for suppressing the monasteries, 1539; bought Ewenny Abbey, Glamorganshire; envoy to the pope, 1531; envoy to the Low Countries, 1538 and 1541; knighted by Charles V; M. P., Glamorganshire, 1554-5; ambassador to the pope, 1555-9; remained at Rome till death.
  159. ^ Elizabeth Catherine Thomas Carne (1817-1873), author; fifth daughter of Joseph Oarne ; head of the Penzance bank, 1858-73; founded several schools in Cornwall; a geologist; published notes of travel.
  160. ^ John Carne (1789–1844), traveller and author; educated at QueensCollege, Cambridge; published poems, 1820; travelled in the East, 1821; ordained deacon, 1826; resided in Penzance; published travels, biographies of eminent missionaries, and tales.
  161. ^ Joseph Carne (1782–1858), geologist; manager of Hayle copper works, 1810; manager of Penzance bank, 1820; wrote papers on Cornish geology, 1816-51, and on mining.
  162. ^ Robert Harkness Carne (1784–1844), theologian; son of a Cornish mercer; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1806; curate at Crediton; his licence to preach revoked for doctrinal reasons; withdrew from the Anglican church, 1820; pastor of a chapel at Exeter; withdrew to Jersey; published theological tracts, 1810-30.
  163. ^ Sir David Carnegie of Kinnaird, Baron Carnegie and Earl of Southesk (1576–1658), succeeded to the Kinnaird estate, 1598; travelled, 1601; knighted, 1603; supported James I's church policy in Scotland; created Baron Caroegie, 1616; a lord of session, 16161625; supported Charles I's church policy in Scotland; created Earl of Southesk, 1633; imprisoned in Edinburgh by the covenanters, 1640; fined by Cromwell, 1654.
  164. ^ Sir Robert Carnegie (d. 1566), of Kinnaird, Scottish judge; a lord of session, 1547, styled Lord Kinuaird; envoy to England, 1548, and to France, 1551; clerk to the treasurer, 1553; an adherent of Mary of Guise, queen regent, who gave him lands in Forfarshire. ix. 138} Nm
  165. ^ William Carnegie , seventh EARL OF NORTHESK (1758-1831), admiral; served in the navy, 1771-1806; captain, 1782; styled, bv courtesy, Lord Rosehill. from 1788; succeeded as seventh earl, 1792; imprisoned by the Nore mutineers, 1797; rear-admiral, 1804; fought at Trafalgar, 1805; admiral, 1814; commander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1827-30.
  166. ^ Earls of Carnwath . See" DALYELL, ROBERT, second EARL,. 1651; DALYELL, SIR ROBERT, sixth EARL, d. 1737.
  167. ^ Caroline (1683–1737), queen of George II ; daughter of John Frederick (d. 1687), margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach; resided with her mother chiefly at Dresden, 1692-6; wished to marry Frederick II of Saxe-Gotha, c. 1 695; resided at Berlin under the tutelage of Frederick, king of Prussia (in 1701) and his consort Sophia Charlotte (d. 1704), daughter of Electress Sophia of Hanover; became acquainted with Leibniz, and with the Electress Sophia; a proposal to marry her to Archduke Charles, afterwards Charles VI, discussed, 1698-1705, but abandoned in consequence of her protestantism; returned to Ansbach, 1704; married, September 1705, to George Augustus, prince of Hanover; resided at Hanover, intriguing for the English succession, 1706-14; her children born, 1707-24; laarnt a little English, 1713; accompanied her husband to England as Princess of Wales, 1714; was included in George I's displeasure against her husband, 1717; lived at Richmond Lodge, 1718, which afterwards lecame her favourite residence; connived at her husband's amour with her bedchamber- woman ( Mrs. Ho ward, afterwards Countess of Suffolk); found a capable and honest adviser as to English politics in John, lord Hervey; became queen, 1727, and thenceforward gave unwavering support to Sir Robert Walpole; maintained her influence over George II by flattering his vanity and conniving at his amours; had an intense hatred of her eldest son, Frederick, prince of Wales; favoured the low church party; regent in George II's absence, 1729,1732, 1735, 1736-7; was more German than English to the last in her conceptions; died after an unsuccessful operation for rupture.
  168. ^ Matilda Caroline (1751–1775), queen of Denmark, posthumous child of Frederick, prince of Wales, eldest son of George II; married Christian VII, king of Denmark, at Frederiksberg Palace, near Copenhagen, 8 Nov. 1766; badly treated from the first by her husband, a profligate sinking into imbecility; birth of her son (afterwards king), January 1768; resided at Frederiksberg during her husband's foreign tour, 1768-9; her husband much influenced by his ambitious German physician, John Frederick Struensee; treated by Christian VII with more respect in consequence of the representations of Struensee (1769), who became all powerful in the palace, 1770, and chief minister, 1771; believed to be Struensee's paramour by the Danes, who detested him; a daughter born to her, July 1771; imprisoned at Kronborg, January 1772; Struensee being arrested (subsequently executed), the queen was said to have acknowledged her guilt, March 1772; divorced, April 1772; left Denmark, May 1772. Her brother, George III of England, accepted the case against her. She retired to Oelle in Hanover, where she died suddenly, in the midst of Danish overtures for her recall.
  169. ^ Amelia Elizabeth Caroline , of BrunswickWolfeubiittel (1768-1821), queen of George IV; second daughter of Duke Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick- Wolf enblittel, and 01 Princess Augusta of England, George Ill's sister; a kind-hearted but eccentric girl; forced by George III as a bride on the Prince of Wales; embarked at Ouxhaven, March 1795; married at St. James's, 8 April 1795; lived at Carltoir House, persecuted by the prince's mistresses; birth of her child, Princess Charlotte Augusta, 7 Jan. 1796; deserted by her husband, April 1796; lived at Shooter's Hill; removed to Blackheath, 1801; painful accusations brought against her in consequence of her unguarded speeches, 1806; gained no increased dignity from her husband's becoming regent, 1811; denied access to her child, 1812-13; allowed to travel abroad, August 1813; took into her service, in Italy, 1814, Bartolomeo Bergami and his relatives, and travelled in the Levant; her conduct much talked of; wintered at Marseilles, 1819; started for England on hearing of George Ill's death; her name omitted from the state prayers; on the way rejected an offer of settlement, on condition of her living abroad and not claiming the title of queen; entered London, June 1820, amid popular rejoicings; a bill promoted in the lords for divorcing her, July, but abandoned, November 1820, from fear of a revolution; denied a palace; voted an allowance by parliament; forcibly excluded from the coronation at Westminster Abbey, 29 July 1821; died in London broken-hearted; buried at Brunswick beside her father.
  170. ^ Redmond Caron (1605?–1666), controversialist; Franciscan friar at Athlone and Drogheda; studied at Sulzburg and Louvain; professor at Louvain; commissary -general of the recollects in Ireland; published controversial treatises, 1635-62.
  171. ^ Alexander Carpenter , latinised as FABRICIUS (fl. 1429), called alsoAlexander Anglus author of Destructorium Vitiorum an invective against church abuses, printed frequently before 1516.
  172. ^ Alfred John Carpenter (1825–1892), physician; apprenticed to his father, a surgeon, at Rothwell, 1839; entered St. Thomas's Hospital, 1847; M.R.O.S. and L.S.A. 1851; practised at Croydon; M.B. London, 1856; M.D., 1859; M.R.C.P. 1883; liberal M.P. for Reigate, 1885, and North Bristol, 1886; president of council ol British Medical Association, 1878-81; published Principles and Practice of School of Hygiene 1887, and other works.
  173. ^ George Carpenter, Baron Carpenter (1657-1732), general; page at the embassy at Paris, 1671; cavalry officer, 1672-1689; lieutenant-colonel, 1690; served in Ireland and Flanders; quartermaster-general to Peterborough in Spain, 1705; attached himself to the Hanoverian party; M.P., Whitchurch, 1714; suppressed the northern rebellion at Preston, 1715; commaiider-iu-chief in Scotland; created Baron Carpenter in the Irish peerage, 1719; M.P., Westminster, 1722-9.
  174. ^ James Carpenter (1760–1845), admiral : served in navy, 1776-1812, chiefly in West Indies; lieutenant, 1782; rear-admiral, 1812; admiral, 1837.
  175. ^ John Carpenter (1370?–1441?), benefactor of London; clerk in the town clerk's office; town clerk of London,. 1417-38; M.P., London, 1436, 1439; compiled Liber Albus, an account of city privileges, fcc. (printed 1859); lett lands for education, out of which the City of London School was erected (1837).
  176. ^ John Carpenter (d. 1476), bishop of Worcester; D.D. Oriel College, Oxford; master of St. Antony's Hospital, London, 1420; provost of Oriel, 1427-35; rector of St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish Street, London, 1436; chancellor of Oxford University, 1437; bishop of Worcester, 1444-76; benefactor of the college at Westbury and of Oriel College.
  177. ^ John Carpenter (d. 1621), divine; educated at Exeter College, Oxford, 1570-3; rector of Northleigh, Devonshire, 1587-1621; published devotional tracts, 1580-1606.
  178. ^ Lant Carpenter (1780–1840), Unitarian; educated in dissenting seminaries; at Glasgow University, 1798-1801; taught school; librarian of Liverpool Athenaeum, 1802-5; Unitarian minister and master of a boarding-school in Exeter, 1805-17; LL.D. Glasgow, 1806; Unitarian minister, 1817-39, and master of a boardingschool, 1817-29, at Bristol; drowned off Leghorn; published sermons and controversial tract*.
  179. ^ Margaret Sarah Carpenter (1793–1872), portrait-painter; nit Geddes; settled in London, 1814; married, 1817, William Hookham Carpenter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1818-66; pensioned, 1866.
  180. ^ Mary Carpenter (1807–1877), philanthropist ; eldest child of Lant Carpenter; opened a girls school at Bristol, 1829; superintended a Sunday school, 1831-56; agitated for institutions to rescue juvenile criminals; founded at Bristol a ragged school, 1846, a reformatory, 1852, a girlsreformatory, 1854, and an industrial school, 1859; visited India to improve female education and prison management, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1875; visited Germany, 1872, and America, 1873; published verses, memoirs, and treatises on education and criminal reform, 1845-68.
  181. ^ Nathanael Carpenter (1589–1628), author; son of John Carpenter (d. 1621); educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; fellow of Exeter College, by mandate from James I, 1607; B.A., 1610; D.D., 1626; schoolmaster of the king's wards in Dublin; wrote sermons and treatises on geography and philosophy, the latter directed against Aristotelianism.
  182. ^ Philip Herbert Carpenter (1852–1891), palaeontologist and zoologist; son of William Benjamin Carpenter; educated at University College School, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1878; Sc.D., 1884; biological master at Eton, 1877; F.L.S., 1886; F.R.S., 1885. He published extensive writings on various groups of fossils.
  183. ^ Philip Pearsall Carpenter (1819–1877), conchologist; youngest child of Lant Carpenter; B.A. London, 1841; presbyterian minister at Stand, 1841, and Warrington, 1846-61; settled at Montreal, 18G5; bought, 1855, a mass of Californian shells; subsequently paid much attention to conchology.
  184. ^ Richard Carpenter (fl.c. 1580), alchemist.
  185. ^ Richard Carpenter (1575–1627), divine ; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1596; fellow, 1596-1606; D.D., li,17 rector of Sherwell and Loxhore, Devonshire, 1606-1627; published sermons.
  186. ^ Richard Carpenter (d. 1670?), ecclesiastic; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, 1622: Convert to Roman Catholicism; travelled on tJMOOntlntMit; Ik'iiedietine monk at Douay: sent on the English mission; returned to Anglicanism; vicar of Poling, Sussex, 1636-42; Itinerant preacher; went back to Paris and.Romanism: came to Knu'land and joined the independents; preacher at Aylesbury; returned to Romanism: wrote a play, an autobiography, and various pamphlets.
  187. ^ Richard Cromwell Carpenter (1812–1865), architect; educated at Charterhouse; 1 exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1830-49; designed churches in Birmingham, Brighton, and London.
  188. ^ William Carpenter (1797–1874), miscellaneous writer; apprentice to a London bookseller; journalist, 1831-54; an advocate of political and legal reform; wrote on biblical subjects, 1825-68, and published political pamphlets.
  189. ^ William Benjamin Carpenter (1813–1885), naturalist; eldest son of Lant Carpenter; apprenticed to a physician; visited West Indies; studied medicine in London and (1835) in Edinburgh; lecturer at Bristol Medical School; published papers on physiology, 1837, and Principles of... Physiology 1839; professor of physiology in London, 1844; professor of forensic medicine, University College, London; registrar of the University of London, 1856-79; an unwearied investigator in the sciences of zoology, botany, and mental physiology, 1843-71; contributed much to scientific journals and cyclopaedias.
  190. ^ William Hookham Carpenter (1792–1866), connoisseur in prints; a London bookseller and publisher; studied prints and drawings; married, 1817 see CARPENTER, MARGARET SARAH; keeper of prints in the British Museum, 1846-66; wrote memoir of Antony Vandyck and a catalogue of prints in the British Museum show-cases..
  191. ^ Carpentiere or CHARPENTIERE, (d. 1737), statuary; employed by the Duke of Chandos at Canons; afterwards settled in London.
  192. ^ Carpentiers, Carpentier, or Charpentière (fl. 1760–1774), portrait-painter ; native of France or Switzerland; came to England, c. 1760; exhibited in London, 1760-74.
  193. ^ Joseph Constantine Carpue (1764–1846), surgeon and anatomist: of a catholic family of Spanish origin; educated at Douay; travelled on continent; studied surgery in London: surgeon to the Duke of York's Hospital, Chelsea; private lecturer on anatomy, 1800-32; advocate of vaccination; surgeon of the National Vaccine Institution.
  194. ^ John Care (1723–1807), architect ; called Carr of York; workman in York; designed many buildings in the northern counties.
  195. ^ John Carr (1732–1807), translator of Lucian; educated at St. Paul's School; head-master of Hertford grammar school; LL.D. Aberdeen; published his translation of Lucian, 1773-98; wrote verses and parodies
  196. ^ Sir John Carr (1772–1832), traveller; barrister of the Middle Temple; travelled, for health, over greater part of Europe; knighted, c. 1806; published accounts of his tours, 1803-11, and verses.
  197. ^ Johnson Carr (1744–1765), landscape-painter.
  198. ^ Nicholas Carr (1524–1568), Greek scholar ; B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1541; fellow; M.A., 1544; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546; regius professor of Greek, 1547; consistently adhered to Roman Catholicism; M.D. Cambridge, 1568; practised medicine in Cambridge; published Latin versions of Eusebius and Demosthenes.
  199. ^ R. Carr (f. 1668), engraver.
  200. ^ Richard Carr (1651–1706), physician; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1674; master of Saffron Walden grammar school, 1676-83; studied medicine at Leydon, 1683-6; M.D. Cambridge, 1686; practised medicine in London; published medical essays.
  201. ^ Robert Carr or Ker, Earl of Somerset (d. 1646); a cadet of Ker of Ferniehurst, Roxburghshire; brought up in Scotland; accompanied James I to England as page, lt.o:l: in France for a time; returned to James I's court; knighted, 1607; given Sir Walter Ralegh's manor of Sherborne, 1609; created Viscount Rochester, 1011; private secretary to the king, 1612; obtained the imprisonment in the Tower of his friend Sir Thomas Overbury, who opposed his projected marriage with the Countess of Essex, April 1613: K.G., 23 April; a decree of nullity of her marriage with the Earl of Essex obtained by the countess, 25 Sept. 1613, soon after Overbury had been poisoned, 15 Sept. 1613; created Earl of Somerset, 3 Nov. 1613; lord treasurer of Scotland, 23 Dec.; married the divorced Countess of Essex, 26 Dec. 1613; attached himself to his wife's great-uncle, Henry Howard, earl of Northampton, and the Spanish party; acting lord privy seal, on Northampton's death, June 1614; lord chamberlain, July; dislodged from the place of first favourite of James I by George Villiers (afterwards Duke of Buckingham), November 1614; quarrelled with the king, on Buckingham's account, 1615; accused of poisoning Overbury, September 1615, his countess pleading guilty, May 1616, and receiving a pardon, July 1616; prosecuted by the attorney-general, Francis Bacon, and found guilty, May 1616; kept prisoner in the Tower till January 1622; afterwards pardoned; prosecuted in the Star-chamber, 1630.
  202. ^ Robert James Carr (1774–1841), bishop of Worcester; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1806; D.D., 1820; vicar of Brighton, 1798; protege of the prince regent; dean of Hereford, 1820; bishop of Chichester, 1824; bishop of Worcester, 1831-41.
  203. ^ Roger Carr (d. 1612), divine; B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1570; rector of Rayne, Essex, 1573-1612; published devotional tracts.
  204. ^ Thomas Carr, alias Miles Pinkney (1599–1674).
  205. ^ William Holwell Carr (1758–1830), art connoisseur; called Holwell till 1798, when he took the name Carr on account of his wife's estate; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1778-93; B.D., 1790; travelled and collected pictures, 1781; vicar of Meuheniot, Cornwall, 1792; amateur exhibiter at the Royal Academy, 17971820; bequeathed pictures to the nation.
  206. ^ Thomas Carre (1599–1674 ), really Miles Pinkney, Roman catholic divine; born in Durham; educated at Douay: priest, 1625; procurator of Douay College till 1634; founder and confessor of an Augustinian nunnery at Paris; protege of Cardinal Richelieu; died at Paris; published English translations of devotional and controversial tracts.
  207. ^ Walter Riddell Carre (1807–1874), topographer; took the name Carre, c. 1853, on succeeding to an estate in Roxburghshire; merchant in London; resided latterly in Roxburghshire; wrote papers on topics connected with the borders.
  208. ^ Earl of Carrick (1253–1304). See Robert VII de Bruce.
  209. ^ John Donald Carrick (1787–1837), author; shopman in London, 1807; china- warehouseman in Glasgow, 1811-25; journalist in Glasgow, 1828, in Perth, 1833, and in Kilmarnock, 1834-5; wrote Scottish songs and biographies.
  210. ^ Thomas Carrick (1802–1875), miniature painter; chemist in Carlisle; a self-taught artist; became famous locally as a miniaturist; removed to Newcastle, 1836, and London, 1839; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1841-66.
  211. ^ Benjamin Carrier (1566–1614). See Carier.
  212. ^ Lord Carrington (1617–1679). See Archibald Primrose.
  213. ^ Carrington, first Baron (1752–1838). See Robert Smith.
  214. ^ Sir Codrington Edmund Carrington (1769-1849), judge: educated at Winchester; barrister of the Middle Temple, 172; practised at Calcutta, 1793-9; drew up a code for Ceylon, 1800; knighted; chief-justice of (Vvlon, 1800-6; reside*! afterwards in Buckinghamshire and then in Jersey; M.P., St. Mawes, 1826-31; published legal pamphlets.
  215. ^ Frederick George Carrington (1816–1864), journalist; son of Noel Thomas Carrington; on the stuff of various West of England newspapers; wrote for many magazines and encyclopaedias.
  216. ^ Noel Thomas Carrington (1777–1830), Devonshire poet: son of a Plymouth grocer; served in the fleet; taught school at Maidstone, 1804-9, and at Plymouth Kork, 1H09-30; wrote verses describing Devonshire scenery and traditions.
  217. ^ Richard Christopher Carrington (1826-1875), astronomer; son of a wealthy brewer; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1844-8; devoted himself to astronomy: observer to Durham University, 1849-52; wit-i the total solar eclipse in Sweden, 1851; built private observatory at Reigate, Surrey, 1853; engaged in mapping ten and sun-spots; visited German observatories, 1856; managed the Brentford brewery, 1858-65; died suddenly.
  218. ^ John Tiplady Carrodus (1836–1895), violinist ; studied under Molique in London and in Stuttgart; joined orchestra of Royal Italian Opera, 1865, and became leader, 1869; professor of violin at National Training School for Music, 1876; professor at Guildhall School of Music and Trinity College, London; published musical compositions and other writings.
  219. ^ Anthony Carroll (1722–1794), Jesuit ; born in Ireland; joined the Jesuits at St. Diner's, 1744; served on the English mission, 1754-73 and 1775-94; murdered in London.
  220. ^ Lewis Carroll (1883–1898), pseudonym. See Charles Lutwidge Dodgson.
  221. ^ Andrew Carruthers (1770–1852), Roman catholic prelate; native of Kirkcudbrightshire; educated at Douay; returned to Scotland, e. 1790; priest, 1795; titular bishop of Ceramis, 1832, with jurisdiction over the east of Scotland.
  222. ^ James Carruthers (1759–1832), Roman catholic historian; native of Kirkcudbrightshire; educated at Douay: catholic priest at Scottish stations; published a Romanist History of Scotland 1826-31.
  223. ^ Robert Carruthers (1799–1878), miscellaneous writer; bookseller's apprentice in Dumfries; national schoolmaster at Huntingdon; published a History of Huntingdon 1824; editor of theInverness Courier 1828-78; wrote verses, and papers on the history of the highlands; edited Pope's works (4 vols.), 1853; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1871.
  224. ^ Alexander Carse (fl. 1812–1820), painter, called Old Oarse; came to London, 1812; returned to Edinburgh, 1820.
  225. ^ William Carse (fl. 1818–1845), painter ; probably son of Alexander Carse: art-student in London, 1818; exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, 1820-9, and at Edinburgh, 1830-45.
  226. ^ John Carsewell (fl. 1560–1572), bishop of the Isles; rector of Kilmartin, Argyllshire; superintendent of Argyll, 1560; censured by the assembly for accepting the see, 1569.
  227. ^ Aglionby Ross Carson (1780–1850), classical scholar; studied at Edinburgh University, 1797; headmaster of Dumfries grammar school, 1801; classical master, 1806, and rector (1820-45) of Edinburgh High School; LL.D. St. Andrews, 1826; edited Tacitus and Phaedrus.
  228. ^ Alexander Carson (1776–1844), baptist ; educated at Glasgow; minister at Tobermore, Derry, to a presbyterian congregation, 1798-1804, and to an independent chapel, 1814-44; joined the baptists, 1831; wrote works of controversial divinity.
  229. ^ James Carson (1772–1843), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1799; practitioner in Liverpool; wrote medical pamphlets.
  230. ^ William Carstares (1649–1715), Scottish statesman and divine; nick-named the cardinal from his political influence under William III; son of the covenanting minister of Cathcart, Lanarkshire; at Edinburgh University, 1663-7; withdrew to Holland after his father's outlawry; studied at Utrecht, 1669-72; came to London, probably as an agent of William of Orange, 1672; political prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, 1674-9; resided in England; conducted intrigues in Scotland, Holland, and London, preparing for the Karl of Argyll's invasion, 1683; arrested, 1683; political prisoner at Edinburgh; his evidence, taken under torture, used to bring Baillie of Jerviswood to the block, 1684; released; minister of a Scottish congregation at Leyden, 1686; accompanied William of Orange to England as chaplain, 1688; chaplain to William III at court, and in his campaigns in Ireland and Flanders; William's chief adviser in Scottish affairs; principal of Edinburgh University, 1703-15; minister of Grey Friars Edinburgh; leader of the church of Scotland; a chief  ? remoter of the union; moderator of the general assembly, 705, 1708, 1711, and 1715.
  231. ^ Sir Robert Carswell (1793–1857), physician; studied medicine at Glasgow, Paris, and Lyons; M.D. Aberdeen, 1826; made drawings illustrative of pathology at Paris, 1826-31; professor of pathological anatomy, University College, London, 1831-40; published his Forms of Disease 1837; went to Brussels as physician to the king of Belgium, 1840; knighted; wrote on medical subjects.
  232. ^ Samuel Carte (1653–1740), antiquary ; educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford; beneflced successively in Warwick, Leicester, Lincoln shires.
  233. ^ Thomas Carte (1686–1754), historian; son of Samuel Carte; admitted at University College, Oxford, 1698; B.A. Brasenose College, 1702; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1706; ordained; reader at Bath Abbey, 1707-14; refused the oaths to George 1, 1 715; lived in retirement at Coleshill, Warwickshire; secretary to Bishop Atterbury: fled to France on Atterbury's imprisonment, 1722; went by the name of Phillip; collected materials to illustrate de Thou's Historia sui temporis; returned to England, 1728; published his Life of Ormonde 1736, and aCollection of... Papers 1744; energetic in enrolling subscribers to a projected History of England; published his history, vols. i.-iii. 1747-52 (vol. iv. posthumous, 1755). His manuscript collections are now in the Bodleian.
  234. ^ Edmund Carter (fl. 1753), topographer; schoolmaster; published, 1753, histories of Cambridgeshire and Cambridge University.
  235. ^ Elizabeth Carter (1717–1806), miscellaneous writer; daughter of a Kent clergyman; learned classical and modern languages; wrote for the Gentleman's Magazinefrom 1734: published poems, 1738 and 1762; translated from the French and Italian; published a translation of Epictetus, 1758; friend of Dr. Samuel Johnson; lived at Deal, Kent; travelled on the continent. Her correspondence was published posthumously.
  236. ^ Ellen Carter (1762–1816), artist : nte Vavasour: native of Yorkshire; educated in a convent at Rouen; married, 1787, the Rev. John Carter, vicar of St. Swithin's, Lincoln; book-illustrator.
  237. ^ Francis Carter (rf. 1783), traveller; published, 1777, a narrative of his tour (1772) in Moorish Spain; collected Spanish books; left in manuscript a history of early Spanish literature.
  238. ^ George Carter (1737–1794), painter; mercer in London; travelled; exhibited privately, 1785.
  239. ^ Harry William Carter (1787–1863), physician; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1810; M.B., 1811; i travelled; M.D., 1819; practised at Canterbury, 1819-35; wrote on medical topics.
  240. ^ Henry Carter , otherwise Frank Leslie (1821-1880), engraver, son of an Ipswich glovemaker; apprenticed to a London draper; early showed talent for drawing and engraving; artist to the Illustrated London News; emigrated to New York, 1848, and took the name of Frank Leslie; worked for illustrated paper?: separated from his wife, 1860; commenced Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper 1865, the Chimney Corner 1865, and other journals; issued an illustrated history of the American civil war, 1862.
  241. ^ James Carter (1798–1855), of London; engraver of architectural and landscape plates for books.
  242. ^ John Carter, the elder (1554–1635), puritan divine; educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge; vicar of Bramford, Suffolk, 1683; rector of Belstead, Suffolk, 1617-35; published expository tracts.
  243. ^ John Carter , the younger (d. 1655), divine; son of John Carter the elder; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1603; curate of St. Peter Mancroft, Norwich, 1631, and vicar, 1638-52; rector of St. Lawrence, Norwich, c. 1654; published a memoir of his father.
  244. ^ John Carter (1784–1817), draughtsman and architect; a surveyor's clerk, 1764; draughtsman to the Builder's Magazine 1774-86, and to the Society of Antiquaries, 1780; published many books of views of buildings in England, 1780-1814.
  245. ^ John Carter (1815–1850), silk-weaver; paralysed by an accident, 1836; copied pictures by means of a pencil or brush held in the mouth.
  246. ^ Lawrence Carter (1672–1745), judge; of Lincoln's Inn; recorder of Leicester, 1697-1729; M.P. for Leicester, 1698, 1701, and 1722, for Beeralston, 1710, 1714, and 1716; crown counsel against the rebels, 1715; knighted, 1724; puisne baron of the exchequer, 1726-45.
  247. ^ Matthew Carter (fl. 1660), loyalist ; Kentish squire; joined the Kentish insurgents, 1648; prisoner at Colchester; published, 1650, a narrative of the rising; published Honor Redivivus, a treatise on heraldry, 1655.
  248. ^ Oliver Carter (1540?–1605), divine; scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1555; fellow, 1563; B.D., 1569; a preacher of Manchester Collegiate Church, after 1571, and fellow before 1576; fellow on the new foundation, 1578-1605; a bitter opponent of Dr. John Dee, warden in 1595; published, 1579, a controversial treatise against Richard Bristow.
  249. ^ Owen Browne Carter (1806–1859), architect; practised as an architect at Winchester; published papers on Winchester Cathedral and Hampshire churches; published, 1840, views taken at Cairo, 1830; exhibited architectural drawings at the Royal Academy, 1847-9.
  250. ^ Peter Carter (1530?–1590), author of a logical treatise, 1563; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1566; M.A., 1557; master of Preston School, Lancashire.
  251. ^ Richard Carter (d. 1692), rear-admiral; served in the fleet, 1672-81; commander of a ship at Beachy Head, 1680; rear-admiral, 1691; killed in action at Barfleur.
  252. ^ Thomas Carter (d. 1795), sculptor of tombstones and memorial tablets.
  253. ^ Thomas Carter (1735?–1804), musical composer; chorister of Christ Church, Dublin: organist of St. Werburgh's, Dublin, 1761-69; studied music in Italy; musical director of Calcutta Theatre; settled in London, c. 1775, and composed for the theatres; published glees and songs, including O Nanny, wilt thou gang wime ?
  254. ^ Thomas Carter (d. 187), clerk at the Horse Guards, 1839; wrote regimental histories.
  255. ^ William Carter (d. 1584), printer; apprentice to John Cawood, 1563; secretary to Nicholas Harpsfield; secretly printed Roman catholic books against Queen Elizabeth, 1679-83; executed for treason.
  256. ^ Sir George Carteret (d. 1680), governor of Jersey; of an old Jersey family; lieutenant in the navy, 1632; captain, 1633: second in command against the Sallee pirates, 1637; controller of the navy, 1639: offered a coimnuiHl Ity parliament, 1642; from St. Malo, Brittany, sent supplies and arms to the royalist* in the west and in the Channel islands; sent by Charles I to Jersey, 1643; reduced the island; sent out privateers against English ships; gave a refuge to royalists, 1646; created baronet, 1646: granted estates in Jersey and America, 1649; surrendered to the Commonwealth forces, December 1651: vice-admiral in the French navy: imprisoned, August 1667; banished from France, December 1657; withdrew to Venice; treasurer of the navy, 1660-7; vice-chamberlain of the household, 1660-70; M.P., Portsmouth, 1661-9; a proprietor of Carolina, 1663; deputy-treasurer of Ireland, 1667-73; board of trade commissioner, 1668-72; naval commissioner, 1673-9.
  257. ^ John Carteret, Earl Granville (1690–1763), politician; succeeded his father as second Baron Carteret of Hawnes, 1695: educated at Westminster School; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1706; became a good classical scholar; took his seat in the House of Lords, 1711; a champion of the protestant succession; lordlieutenant of Devonshire, 1716-21; a parliamentary adherent of the Earl of Sunderland, 1717; envoy to Sweden, 1719; secured the opening of the Baltic to British commerce; negotiated peace between the Baltic powers, 1719-20; advocated punishment of South Sea Company's officials, 1721; secretary of state in Walpole's administration, 1721-4; became favourite of George I through speaking German and advocating interests of Hanover; accompanied George I to Hanover, 1723; intrigued to oust Walpole from office: factiously fostered sedition in Ireland; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1724-30; friendly to Jonathan Swift; virulently opposed Walpole's administration, 1730-1742; secretary of state, 1742-4: accompanied George II. in the campaign of 1743; intensely unpopular through his partiality for Hanover to the prejudice of British interests; succeeded as Earl Granville, on his mother's death, 1744; advised George II to exclude William Pitt from office, 1746; failed to form a ministry, February 1746; K.G., 1750: lord president of the council, 1751-63; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1756. His correspondence is in the British Museum.
  258. ^ Sir Philip de Carteret (1584–1643), knight; lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1626-43; seigneur of St. Ouen, Jersey; at Oxford University, 1594-1601; obtained from the privy council canons assimilating the Jersey churches to the Anglican church; showed kindness to William Prynne during his imprisonment, 1639-41; allowed by parliament to return to Jersey, 1642; declared for the king; besieged by the parliamentary forces.
  259. ^ Philip Carteret (d. 1796), rear-admiral; lieutenant of the Dolphin in John Byron's voyage, 1764-6; sailed round the world in the Swallow, 1767-9, making numerous discoveries in the Pacific; captain, 1771; served in the West Indies, 1777-81; retired as rearadmiral, 1794.
  260. ^ Saint Carthach, the elder (d. 580?), of a royal house: visited Rome; disciple of St. Oiaran of Saighir, King's County; succeeded him at Saighir, c. 550; tutor of St. Carthach the younger; commemorated on March 5.
  261. ^ Saint Carthach , the younger (d. 636), called also Mochuda; son of the king of Kerry's swineherd; forsook the court to join St. Carthach the elder; bishop in Kerry; founded the monastery of Rahen, King's County, e. 590: expelled from Rahen, c. 631; founded monastery at Lismore; commemorated on May 14.
  262. ^ George Alfred Carthew (1807–1882), Norfolk antiquary; mainly self-taught; practised as a solicitor at Framlingham, Suffolk, 1830-9, and East Dereham, Norfolk; wrote much on Norfolk antiquities; chief work, History of Launditch Hundred 1877-9.
  263. ^ Thomas Carthew (1657–1704), serjeant-at-law ; barrister of the Middle Temple, 1686; serjeant-at-law, 1700; wrote law reports.
  264. ^ Sir George Etienne Cartier (1814–1873), Canadian statesman: educated at Montreal; barrister of Lower Canada, 1835; member of the legislature, 1848: attorney-general, 1856; a leading member of the cabinet, 1857-8; premier, 1858-62: attorney-general, 1864; minister of militia, 1867-73; created baronet, 1868; died in London; wrote French-Canadian songs.
  265. ^ Christopher Cartwright (1602–1658), divine; entered Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1617; M.A., 1624: fellow, 1625: a minister in York; student of rabbinical literature; published sermons and works of controversial divinity.
  266. ^ Edmund Cartwright (1743–1823), reputed inventor of the power-loom; entered University College, Oxford, 170; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1764: M.A., 1766; married an heiress; incumbent of Brampton, Yorkshire; rector of Goadby Marwood, Leicestershire, 1779; visited cotton-spinning mills near Matlock, 1784, and romvui-d the idea of a weaving-mill; patented a power-loom, 1785-7; removed to Doncaster, where he built a weaving-mill, 1787; prebendary of Lincoln, 1786; I:itnitil a wool-combing machine, 1789-92; bankrupt; sold his Uoiicaster factory, 1793; removed to London; ,tl an alcohol engine. 1797: agricultural experiiiiriit.T to tin- Dukes of Bedford at Woburn, Bedfordshire, 1800-7; D.D., 1806; rewarded by parliament, 1809; farnnl in Kent.
  267. ^ Frances Dorothy Cartwright (1780–1863), authoress; youngest child of Edmund Cartwright; published a biography of her uncle, John Cartwright (1740-1824),and devotional poems, and translations from the Spanish.
  268. ^ George Cartwright (ft. 1661), author of ' The Heroick Lover a tragedy, printed 1661.
  269. ^ John Cartwright (ft. 1763–1808), painter; studied in Rome; returned to England, 1779; exhibited, 1784-1808; a friend of Henry Fuseli.
  270. ^ John Cartwright (1740–1824), political reformer: served in the navy, c. 1758-70, chiefly in Newfoundland; lieutenant, 1766; wrote against taxing the American colonies, 1775; major of militia, 1775-90; resided in Lincolnshire; removed to London, 1805; wrote in favour of strengthening the navy, reforming parliament, abolishing slavery, emancipating Greece, and crushing absolutism in Spain.
  271. ^ Joseph Cartwright (1789?–1829), marine painter; appointed paymaster of the forces at Corfu, c. 1811; published Views in the Ionian Islands; exhibited in London.
  272. ^ Samuel Cartwright (1789–1864), dentist; an ivory turner; attended medical classes in London; practised as dentist, 1811-67.
  273. ^ Thomas Cartwright (1535–1603), puritan; entered Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1547; scholar of St. John's, Cambridge, 1550; left Cambridge at Mary's accession, 1653; lawyer's clerk; returned to Cambridge, 1559; fellow of St. John's College, 1560; M.A., 1560; fellow of Trinity College, 1562; one of the disputants at Elizabeth's state visit, 1564; attacked the use of the surplice, 1565; accompanied Bishop Adam Loftus to Ireland as chaplain, 1565; returned to Cambridge, 1567; Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1569; lectured and preached against the constitution of the church of England; deprived of his professorship, 1570, and of his fellowship at Trinity, 1571; retired to Geneva; returned to England, 1572; withdrew to the continent. 1573; tried to organise the Huguenots of the Channel Islands, 1576: employed by English puritan leaders to criticise the Rhemish version of the New Testament, 1582: pastor of the English congregation at Antwerp; declined divinity chair at St. Andrews, 1584; returned to England, 1585; master of the Earl of Leicester's hospital at Warwick, 1586; imprisoned as a puritan, 1590-2; accompanied Edward, baron Zouche, to Guernsey, 1595-8; published exegetical and controversial treatises.
  274. ^ Thomas Cartwright (1634–1689), bishop of Chester; tabarder of Queen's College, Oxford, e. 1650: M.A., 1655; chaplain; secretly ordained by Bishop Robert Skinner, c. 1655: vicar of Walthamstow, Essex, 1657: preacher at St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London, 1659; prebendary of Wells, 1660; vicar of Barking, 1660-89: D.D., 1661; prebendary of St. Paul's and vicar of St. Thomas, London, 1665; chaplain in ordinary; dean of Ripon, 1675; a favourite of James, duke of Tork; rector of Wigan; bishop of Chester, 1686; a chief instrument in carrying out James II's unconstitutional acts; one of James II's ecclesiastical commissioners, 1687; chief visitor of Magdalen College, Oxford, to enforce submission to James II, 1687; withdrew to Prance, 1688; nominated bishop of Salisbury by King James, 1689, whom he followed to Ireland.
  275. ^ Sir Thomas Cartwright (1795–1860), diplomatist; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1812; envoy to Sweden; knighted, 1834; died at Stockholm,
  276. ^ William Cartwright (1611–1643), dramatist; educated at Wostminster School; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1628; M.A., 1635; a florid preacher: his lioyal Slave* acted before Charles I at Oxford, 1636; I junior proctor, April 1643; died of pestilence, November. His plays and poems were published, 1651.
  277. ^ William Cartwright (d. 1687), actor ; acted at Whitefriars Theatre before the civil war; turned bookseller when the theatres were closed; joined the king's company of players, e. 1661, and the Duke of York's company, 1682; bequeathed books and portraits to Dulwich College.
  278. ^ Thomas Carus (d. 1572?), judge; barrister of the Middle Temple; serjeant-at-law, 1569; justice of the queen's bench, 1565 till death.
  279. ^ Thomas Carve (1590–1672?), traveller and historian; really Carue,i.e. Carew; catholic priest in Leighlin diocese; army chaplain in the imperialist service in Germany, from before 1626 to 1643; visited Ireland, 1630 and 1633; vicar-choral of St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, 1643; published abroad Itinerarium being an account of his services, 1639-46, a treatise on Irish history, 1651, and other works.
  280. ^ Nicholas Carvell (d. 1566), poet ; educated at Eton; entered King's College, Cambridge, 1546; M.A., 1553; withdrew to Zurich, 1553-9: probably author of two poems in the Mirror for Magistrates
  281. ^ John Carver (1575?–1621), leader of the 'pilgrim fathers; an English puritan; withdrew to Holland, 1608; deacon in the English congregationalist church in Leyden; sailed in the Mayflower, September 1620; chosen governor by the colonists at Massachusetts, December; made a treaty with the Indians, March 1621; died of sunstroke.
  282. ^ Jonathan Carver (1732–1780), American explorer; born in Connecticut; son of the English governor; served in the colonial forces, 1757-63; travelled j along Lake Superior and in unexplored Minnesota, 1766-8; claimed to have received large grants of land from the i Indians; came to England, 1769; further journeys and j colonisation schemes prevented by the American rebel! lion; published account of his travels, 1778, and a tract on tobacco, 1779.
  283. ^ Robert Carver (d. 1791), landscape and scene painter; son and pupil of an Irish artist; exhibited in Dublin; scene painter to Drury Lane Theatre and afterwards to Covent Garden Theatre; exhibited landscapes in London, 1765-90.
  284. ^ Benjamin Carvosso (1789–1854), Wesleyan minister; a Cornishman; Wesleyan minister, 1814; went to Tasmania, 1820; thence to New South Wales; started the Australian Magazine 1820; returned to Tasmania, 1825; returned to England, 1830, and served at different centres; published tracts.
  285. ^ Penelope Carwardine , afterwards Mrs. Butler (1730?–1800?), miniaturist; exhibited, 1761-72; friend of Sir Joshua Reynolds.
  286. ^ Thomas Carwell (1600–1664), Jesuit; real name Thorold; of Lincolnshire ; embraced Romanism, 1622; studied at St. Omer's; joined the Jesuits at Rome, 1633; professor at Liege; sent on the English mission, 1647; served chiefly in London; wrote against Archbishop Laud, 1658.
  287. ^ Edward Cary (d. 1711). Roman catholic divine ; went abroad, 1646; priest, 1651; sent on the English mission; army chaplain to James II; Jacobite agent; published a tract.
  288. ^ Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess Falkland (1585-1639), daughter of Sir Lawrence Tanfield, the judge; married, c. 1600, Sir Henry Cary, afterwards first viscount Falkland; a linguist; secretly embraced Roman Catholicism, c. 1604: accompanied her husband to Ireland, 1622; separated from him on account of religion, 1626.
  289. ^ Francis Stephen Cary (1808–1880), artist; a younger son of Henry Francis Gary; studied art in London. Paris (1829), Italy, and Munich; travelled, 1833-5; exhibited in London from 1836: art teacher in Bloomsbury, 1842-74.
  290. ^ Sir Henry Cary, first Viscount Falkland (d. 1633), lord-deputy of Ireland; con of a Hertfordshire knipht; said to have studied at Oxford; served abroad; gentleman of the bedchamber to James I; K.B., 1608; controller of the household, 1617-21; created Viscount Falkland in the Scottish peerage, 1620; lord-deputy of Ireland, 1622; failed in that office; recalled, 1629.
  291. ^ Henry Francis Cary (1772–1844), translator ; of Irish extraction; born at Gibraltar; educated at Birmingham; wrote verses, from 1787, chiefly for the Gentleman's Magazine; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1790: M.A., 1796; vicar of Abbot's Bromley, Staffordshire, 1796, and of Kingfcbury, Warwickshire, 1800; published his translation of Dante's Inferno 1805, and of the Purgatorio and Paradiso 1812; became a non-resident parson, 1807; resided in London, taking clerical work and writing for the magazines; translated the Birds of Aristophanes, 1824; an official of the British Museum Library, 1826-37; translated Pindar, 1832; travelled, 1833-5; pensioned, 1841.
  292. ^ John Cary (d. 1395?), judge; warden of the Devonshire ports, 1373; refused to be serjeant-at-law, 1383: chief baron of the exchequer, 1386; impeached and banished to Waterford for favouring Richard II, 1388.
  293. ^ John Cary (d. 1720?), merchant and writer on trade; son of a vicar of Bristol: West India sugar merchant; compliant to James II, 1687; published, 1695, An Essay on... England in relation to its Trade; advocated workhouses for paupers; consulted by the government on Irish manufactures, 1704; published pamphlets on trade and the currency.
  294. ^ Lucius Cary, second Viscount Falkland (1610?-1643), son of Sir Henry Gary, afterwards first viscount Falkland, and Elizabeth Cary; accompanied his parents to Dublin, 1622; studied at Trinity College, Dublin; deprived of command of a company by his father's opponents, 1629; imprisoned in the Fleet to prevent his fighting a duel, January 1630; succeeded to the Burford estate, c. 1630; vainly sought service in Holland; lived in retirement at Great Tew, Oxfordshire; succeeded to the viscounty and his father's encumbered estates, 1633; supposed to have sold his life interest in the Burford estate, 1634; resided with his mother, a Roman catholic, 1633-4; retired to Great Tew, 1634: served as volunteer against the Scots, 1639; M.P. for Newport in the Isle of Wight in the Short parliament, April 1640, and in the Long parliament, November 1640; spoke against Laud's ecclesiastical tyranny, February 1641; spoke in favour of Stratford's attainder, April 1641; opposed abolition of episcopacy, May 1641; accepted secretaryship of state, January 1642; accompanied Charles I to York; sent to negotiate with the parliament, September 1642; present at the siege of Gloucester, August 1643; despairing of peace threw away his life at Newbury fight, September 1643. Some of his verses and philosophical tractates were published posthumously.
  295. ^ Patrick Cary (fl. 1651, poet; a younger son of Sir Henry Cary, first viscount Falkland; brought up as a Roman catholic in France and Italy; a protege of Pope Urban VIII; an abbe in Italy, before 1644; Benedictine monk at Douay, c. 1650; came to England; wrote verses at Warnford, Hampshire, 1651 (first printed, 1771).
  296. ^ Robert Cary (1615?–1688), chronologer; of the Carys of Cockiugton, Devonshire; entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1631; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1634; M.A., 1639; D.C.L., 1644; rector of Portsmouth, Devonshire, 1666-88; archdeacon of Exeter, 1662-4; published Palaeologia Chronica 1677.
  297. ^ Valentine Cary (d. 1626), bishop of Exeter ; entered St. John's College, Cambridge; migrated to Christ's College, 1585; B.A., 1589; fellow of St. John's, 1591; fellow of Christ's, 1595; again fellow of St. John's, 1599; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1601; vicar of East Tilbury, 1603; rector of Great Parndon, 1606; vicar of Epping, 1607; prebendary of Lincoln, 1607-21; master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1609-20: ejected the puritan fellows; rector of Orsett, Essex, and of Toft, Cambridgeshire, 1610; dean of St. Paul's, 1614-21; attended James I to Scotland, 1617; bishop of Exeter, 1621-6; chancellor of Exeter, 1622-4; vicar of Exminster, 1624.
  298. ^ William Cary (1769–1825), philosophical instrument maker in London, 1790-1825.
  299. ^ Joseph Caryl (1602–1673), independent divine; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1627; preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1632-47; a frequent preacher before the Long parliament; member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643; minister of St. Magnus, London, 1646-62; chaplain to Oliver Cromwell in Scotland; pastor of a London nonconformist congregation, 1662-73; published sermons and a commentary on Job, 1651-66.
  300. ^ John Caryll, titular Baron Caryll (1625–1711) diplomatist; of a Roman catholic family in Sussex; wrote a tragedy, 1666, and a comedy, 1671; translated parts of Ovid and Virgil, 1680-3; envoy to Rome, It; 85; secretary to Queen Mary of Modena, 1686; withdrew to France, 1689; secretary of state to the exiled dynasty; his estate forfeited, 1696; published a version of the Psalms, 1700: created by James Edward, the Old Pretender, Baron Oaryll, 1701; died at Paris.
  301. ^ John Cakyll (1666?–1736), friend of Pope, with whom he corresponded, 1710-35; Roman catholic squire in Sussex.
  302. ^ Earls of Cakysfort . See John Joshua Proby, first EARL, 1751–1828; PROBY, GRANVILLE Leveson third EARL, 1781–1868.
  303. ^ Cakysfort first Baron (1720–1772). See John Proby.
  304. ^ Andrea Casali (1720?–1783?), painter; born at Civita Vecchia, Tuscany; studied painting at Rome; ! came to England, 1748; styled cavaliere after 1761; returned to Rome, 1769; exhibited at London till 1783.
  305. ^ Francis Casanova (1727–1805), battle painter ; born in London, 1727, his parents being there on an acting tour: studied art at Venice, Paris (1751), and Dresden (1752-6); returned to Paris, 1757; exhibited in London, 1767; died at Vienna.
  306. ^ Isaac Casaubon (1559–1614), classical scholar; born at Geneva; son of Huguenot refugees; brought up at Crest in Dauphine; learned Greek at Geneva from Francis Portus, a Cretan; succeeded Portus as professor of Greek, 1581; published notes on Diogenes Laertius, 1583; his second wife a daughter of the great printer, Henri Estienne; published commentaries on several Greek authors, 1587-95; met Sir Henry Wotton, 1593; corresponded with Joseph Scaliger; professor at Montpellier, 1596; began his diary Ephemerides published 1850), 1597; published his Atheuteus at Lyons, 1600; removed to Paris, 1600; pensioned by Henry IV; keeper of the royal library, 1604; importuned to embrace Romanism; published Persius, 1605, and Polybius, 1609 (completed 1617); invited to England, July 1610; came to England, October 1610; prebendary of Canterbury, 1611; attached to the court and pensioned by James I: employed to confute Baronlus Exercitationes xvi ad Baronii Annales published 1614); buried in Westminster Abbey.
  307. ^ Meric Casaubon (1599–1671), classical scholar; a younger son of Isaac Casanbon: born at Geneva; brought up at Sedan; brought to England, 1611; at I Eton; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1614-27; published vindications of his father against Roman catholic detractors, 1621 and 1624: M.A., 1622; rector of Bleadon, 1 Somerset, 1626; B.D., 1628; prebendary of Canterbury, 1628; vicar of Minster and Monckton, Thanet, 1634; D.D., 1636; ejected by parliament from his benefices, 1644; invited by Oliver Cromwell to write a history of the civil war; invited to Sweden by Queen Christina; married a rich wife, 1651; recovered his benefices, 1660: rector of Ickham, Kent, 1662; published classical commentaries, including Marcus Aurelins, 1643, and Epictetus, 1659, translations and theological treatises, 1631-70.
  308. ^ John Case (f. 1600), Aristotelian commentator ; chorister at Oxford; scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, 1564; fellow; M.A., 1572: M.D., 1589; canon of Salisbury, I 1589; practised medicine in Oxford; published philosophical text-books, 1584-99; wrote also Apologia Musices 1588.
  309. ^ John Case (fl. 1680–1700), astrologer ; resided in Lambeth, 1682; friend of John Partridge the astrologer; published two anatomical treatises, 1695, two astrological , 169fi-7, and a medical tract, 1698; styled.M.I).; practised medicine aud astrology in London,
  310. ^ Thomas Case (1698–1682), presbyterian divine; educated at Canterbury and Merchant Taylors' School; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1616; M.A., 1623; curate at North Repps, Norfolk; incumbent of Erpingham, Norfolk; preacher at Manchester and Salford, 1635; prosecuted for contempt of church ceremonies in both dioceses (Norwich aud Chester); married into an influential family, 1637; lecturer in several London churches 1641-2; member of the Westminster assembly, 1643; intruded rector of Stockport, Cheshire, 1645-6; ejected by parliament from the rectory of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, 1649; imprisoned as privy to the presbyterian plot to recall Charles II, 1651; rector of St. Giles-the-Fields, London, 1652?; deputed by presbyterians to congratulate Charles II at the Hague, 166U; chaplain to Charles II; member of the Savoy conference, 1661; ejected for nonconformity, 1662; published sermons.
  311. ^ John Casey (1820–1891), mathematician ; engaged as national school teacher; scholar. Trinity College, Dublin, 1861; B.A., 1862; honorary LL.D., 1869: mathematical master in Kingston school, 1862-73; member of Royal Irish Academy, 1866, and councillor, 1880; professor of higher mathematics and mathematical physics. Catholic university, 1873-81; F.R.S., 1876; fellow of Royal University, 1881; honorary LL.D., 1885; lecturer in mathematics, University College, Stephen's Green, 18811891; published mathematical treatises.
  312. ^ William Caslon , the elder (1692–1766), typefounder; born in Worcestershire; engraver on metal; eet up shop in London, 1716; began type-founding, 1716, his type becoming famous.
  313. ^ William Caslon , the younger (1720–1778), typefounder; eldest sou of William Caslon the elder; partner in his father's business, 1742; carried it on successfully after his father's death.
  314. ^ Sir John Cass (1666-1718), merchant and benefactor of city of London; alderman of Portsoken ward, London, 1710; M.P. for city, 1710 and 1713; sheriff, 1711; knighted, 1712; founded by legacy a school at Hackney.
  315. ^ Stephen Hyde Cassan (1789-1841), ecclesiastical biographer; born at Calcutta; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1815; curate in Somerset and Wiltshire; vicar of Bruton, Somerset, 1831: published sermons and trite lives of the bishops of Salisbury, 1824, of Winchester, and (1830) of Bath and Wells.
  316. ^ Richard Cassel or Cassels (d. 1751). See Richard Castle.
  317. ^ John Cassell (1817–1865), publisher ; son of a Manchester publican; bred a carpenter; self-taught; a teetotal lecturer; removed to London, 1836; opened a grocer's shop before 1847; commenced publishing magazines and books for popular instruction, 1850.
  318. ^ James Cassie (1819–1879), painter ; exhibited in Edinburgh and London.
  319. ^ Eahls of Cassillis . See KKXNKDY, GILBERT, second EARL, d. 1527; KENNEDY, GILBERT, third EARL, 1517 ?-1558; KENNEDY, GILBERT, fourth EARL, 1541 ?1576; KENNEDY, JOHN, fifth EARL, 1567 ? - 1615; KKXNKDY, JOHN, sixth EARL, 1595 ?-1668; KENNEDY, JOHN, seventh EARL, 1646 ?-1701.
  320. ^ Cassivellaunus (fl. 54 B.C.), in Welsh, Caswallawn, British prince : chief of the Catuvellauni (Hertford, Buckingham, and Berk shires); opposed Julius Caesar in his second campaign in Britain; defeated at a ford over the Thames; his store-town shown to Caesar by revolted subject tribes; submitted to Csesar, and gave hostages.
  321. ^ Peter Casteel (1684–1749), painter and engraver of still-life; born at Antwerp; came to England, 1703; designer of calico patterns at Tooting, 1735, and Richmond.
  322. ^ Edmund Castell (1606-1685), Semitic scholar; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1621; M.A., 1628; B.D., 1635; began his Lexicon Heptaglotton 1651 (published 1669); helped Brian Walton in the Biblia Polyglotta (published 1657); published verses congratulating Charles II on the Restoration, 1660; D.D., 1661: chaplain to Charles II, 1666; prebendary of Canterbury, 1667; professor of Arabic at Cambridge; successively incumbent of Hatneld Peverel and Woodham Walter, Essex, and Higham-Gobion, Bedfordshire; bequeathed oriental manuscripts to Cambridge University.
  323. ^ William Castell (d. 1646), author of two pamphlets on America, 1641-4; rector of Courteenhall, Northamptonshire, 1627.
  324. ^ Adrian de Castello (1460?–1521?). See Adrian.
  325. ^ John Castillo (1792–1845), or Castello, author of poems in the Cleveland dialect; born of Roman catholic parents near Dublin; brought up near Whitby, Yorkshire; stonemason in Cleveland; joined the Wesleyaus, 1818; a local preacher.
  326. ^ Thomas Castine (d. 1793?), soldier ; a Manxman; serjeant in the 4th foot; deserted; served in the French forces in America; said to have been colonel of foot in France, c. 1789; wrongly identified with General Adam Philip de Custiue (guillotined 1793).
  327. ^ Edmund Castle (1698–1750), ecclesiastic; educated at Canterbury; scholar of Corpus Christi College Cambridge, 1716; B.A., 1719; fellow, 1722; public orator at Cambridge, 1726-9; vicar of Elm and Emneth, Isle of Ely, 1729; rector of Barley, Hertfordshire: head-master of St. Paul's School, 1744; master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1744; prebendary of Lincoln, 1747; dean of Hereford, 1748.
  328. ^ George Castle (1635?–1673), physician; educated at Thame school; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1654; fellow of All Souls 1655; M.D., 1665; practised in Westminster; physician to the Charterhouse; published a medical tract.
  329. ^ Richard Castle, Cassel , or Cassels (d. 1751), architect; born in Germany of German parents; went to Ireland before 1720; designed many buildings in Dublin and the provinces; published one pamphlet, 1736.
  330. ^ Thomas Castle (1804?–1840?), physician; apprenticed to a surgeon at Hythe; studied at Guy's Hospital, 1826; resident in Brighton; styled himself M.D. in 1838; published medical and botanical text-books, 18261837.
  331. ^ Earl of Castlehaven third Earl of (1617?–1684). See James Touchet.
  332. ^ Countess of Castlemaine (1641–1709). See BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF CLEVELAND.
  333. ^ Earl of Castlemaine (d. 1705). See Roger Palmer.
  334. ^ Viscount Castlereagh (1739–1821). See Robert Stewart.
  335. ^ Earl of Castleton (d. 1 723). See SAUNDERSON, James
  336. ^ Alfonso Castro Y (1495–1558), theologian: a Spaniard; Franciscan friar; chaplain to the Spanish merchants at Bruges, 1532; published his famous Adversus Haereses 1534; preacher at Salamanca; chaplain to Charles V; published sermons, 1537-40, De fusta hsereticorum puuitione 1547, andDe potestate legia pojnalis 1550; sent with Philip of Spain to England as his adviser, 1554; declared the burnings of English heretics to be carried out too hastily, February 1566; had a discussion in prison with John Bradford (1510 ?-1555) ; at Antwerp, 1556; named archbishop of Compostella, 1557; died at Brussels.
  337. ^ Edward Caswall (1814–1878), hymn-writer; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1838; incumbent of Stratford-sub-Castle, Wiltshire; embraced Roman Catholicism, 1847; a father of the Birmingham Oratory, 1860; published Oxford jeux tfesprit, 1836-7, sermons, 1846, hymns and verses, 1849-65.
  338. ^ Christopher Cat (ft. 1703–1733), keeper of the Cat and Fiddle in London and afterwards of the Fountain tavern, in which the Kit-Cat Club met, 1703-20.
  339. ^ Edward Catcher or Burton (1584?–1624?), Jesuit; of Oriel College, Oxford, 1597; B.A. Balliol College, 1603; embraced Roman Catholicism at Rome, 1606; joined the Jesuits at Louvain, c. 1609; procurator of the Jesuits at Liege, 1621-3; scut oil the English mission; translated theological tracts.
  340. ^ Margaret Catchpole (1773–1841), adventuress: daughter of a Suffolk labourer; domestic servant in Ipswich; stole her master's horse to join a seaman in London, 1797; escaped from Ipswich gaol, 1800; transported to Australia, 1801; married a settler; resided in Sydney, 1828-4L
  341. ^ Alexander Catcott (1725–1779), divine; eldest son of Alexander Stopford Oatcott; entered Winchester School, 1739; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1748; curate in Bristol; vicar of Temple Church, Bristol; wrote in defence of the traditional interpretation of the Mosaic deluge, 1756-68.
  342. ^ Alexander Stopford Catcott (1692–1749), divine and poet: entered Merchant Taylors School, 1699; scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, 1709; fellow, 1712-1722; B.C.L., 1718; head-master of Bristol grammar school, 1722-44; preacher in Bristol; rector of St. Stephen's, Bristol. 1744; published poems, 1715-17, expositions of the views of John Hutchinson, 1738, and sermons.
  343. ^ William Leist Readwin Cates (1821–1895), compiler; passed in law at London University; articled as solicitor at Thateham, 1844; engaged in private tuition; assisted Bernard Bolingbroke Woodward in Encyclopaedia of Chronology 1860-72; editedDictionary of General Biography 1867, and published other compilations.
  344. ^ Sir John Catesby (d. 1486), judge; of Whiston, Northamptonshire: of the Inner Temple, 1458; serjeantat-law, 1463; justice of common pleas, 1481; knighted, 1483.
  345. ^ Mark Catesby (1679?–1749), naturalist; studied natural science in London; collected plants in North America, 1710-19, and again, 1722-6; resided in London; published a Natural History of Carolina 1731-43, and descriptions of some American fauna and flora.
  346. ^ Robert Catesby (1573–1605), conspirator; son and heir of Sir William Catesby of Lapworth, Warwickshire, a rich Roman catholic squire, often harassed for recusancy; possibly educated at Douay; of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1586; inherited Chastleton, Oxfordshire, 1593; took a leading part in the Earl of Essex's rising, 1601; heavily fined; sold Chastleton and retired to his mother's house at Ash by St. Legers, Northamptonshire; imprisoned as a malcontent, 1603; released; joined Thomas Winter and Guy Fawkes in the Gunpowder plot, summer of 1604; fled from Westminster to Ashby St. Legers on Guy Fawkes's arrest, 5 Nov. 1605; killed at Hoibeach, Staffordshire, 8 Nov., resisting arrest,
  347. ^ William Catesby (d. 1485), squire of the body to Richard III, named in the popular satire The cat, the rat, and Lovel &c.); a lawyer; favourite of Richard, while Duke of Gloucester; contrived the fall of his patron, William, lord Hastings, 1483; chancellor of the exchequer, 1483; knight of the shire for Northamptonshire and speaker of the House of Commons, 1484; taken prisoner at Bosworth; beheaded.
  348. ^ Charles Cathcart , ninth BARON CATHCART (1721-1776), soldier; entered the army when very young; succeeded to barony, 1740; lieutenant-colonel, 1742; prottgt of the Duke of Cumberland, under whom he served In Flanders, Scotland, and Holland; wounded at Fontenoy, 1745; hostage in Paris, 1748; lieutenantgeneral, 1760; envoy to Russia, 1768-71; commander of the forces in Scotland.
  349. ^ Charles Murray Cathcart , second EARL
  350. ^ David Cathcart (1782–1859), general; son of William Schaw Oathcart, first earl; cornet, 1800; served in Italy and Sicily, 1805-6; major, 1807; styled Lord Greenock, from November 1807; nerved at Walcheren, 1809; lieutenant-colonel, 1810; served in the Peninsula, 1810-12; quartermaster-general, 1814-23; nerved at Waterloo; took an Interest in geology; governor of Edinburgh Castle, 1837-42; discovered the mineral Greenockite 1841; succeeded to earldom, 1813; commauder-in-ehief in , British North America, 1846-9; general, 1854.
  351. ^ David Cathcart, Lord Alloway (d. 1829), Scottish judge; advocate, 1785; lord of session, styled Lord 1 Alloway, 1813 till death.
  352. ^ Sir George Cathcart (1794–1854), general; younger son of William Schaw Oathcart, first earl Cathi cart; cornet, 1810; lieutenant, 1811; aide-decamp to his father with the Russian army, 1813-14; I aide-de-camp to Wellington at Waterloo and in France, I 1816-18; lieutenant-colonel, 1826; deputy-lieutenant of the Tower, 1846-51; published a book on the 1812-13 campaign, 1815; major-general, 1851; commander-in! chief in South Africa, 1862-4; crushed the Kaffirs and , Basutos; K.O.B., 1853; commanded the fourth division j in the Crimea; vainly urged an immediate attack on Sebastopol, September 1854; killed at Inkermaun, 5 Nov.
  353. ^ Sir William Schaw Cathcart , tenth Baron Cathcart in the Scottish peerage, and first Viscount and Earl Cathcart (1755-1843), general; eldest son of Charles Cathcart, ninth baron; at Eton, 1766-71; at St. Petersburg, with his father, 1771; studied law at ! Dresden and Glasgow; advocate, 1776; succeeded to j barony, 1776; captain of dragoons, 1777; served in ! America, 1777-80, commanding the British legion of i colonials, 1778-80, and the 38th foot, 1780; re'turued to I England, 1780; lieutenant-colonel, 1781; representative : peer of Scotland, 1788; brigadier-general in the Quiberon ; expedition, 175)3; major-general, 1794; served in Hanover, 1794-5; lieutenant-general, 1801; commauder-inchief in Ireland, 1803-5; served ingloriously in Hanover, 1806; bombarded Copenhagen, 1807; created Viscount Oathcart, 1807; commander-iii-chief in Scotland; general, 1812; ambassador and military commissioner with the Russian army, 1813-14; created Earl Oathcart, 1814; ambassador at St. Petersburg, 1814-21; retired from politics, 1831.
  354. ^ Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), queen of Henry V; youngest daughter of Charles VI, the insane king of France; born at Paris; neglected by her mother, Isabel of Bavaria; brought up at a convent at Poissy; I asked in marriage for Henry, prince of Wales, 1413; demanded in marriage by Henry, now Henry V, who also asked an immense dowry in money and territory, 1414, war with France ensuing on the rejection of his terms; met Henry V, 1419; married him atTroyes, 2 June 1420; came to England, February 1421; crowned at Westmiuster, 1421: made a progress in the north; birth of her son (Henry VI), 2 Dec. 1421; accompanied Henry V to France, May 1422; returned with his corpse to England, October 1422; granted Bayuard's Castle, Surrey, for a residence, 1424; reported to be intriguing with, or secretly married to Owen Tudor, c. 1425; marriage with her forbidden by parliament except with consent of the privy council, 1428; by Owen Tudor had Edmund (created. 1452, Earl of Richmond, father of Henry VII), and other issue; withdrew to Bermoudsey Abbey, 1436; buried in Westminster Abbey, with inscription by Henry VI describing her as widow, of Henry V; new inscription afterwards put there by Henry VII, acknowledging her marriage to Tudor.
  355. ^ Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536), first queen of Henry VIII; youngest child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain; sought in marriage when two years old by Henry VII for Arthur, prince of Wales (he being one year old), 1487; became an excellent Latin scholar; treaty of marriage concluded, 1500; sailed from Corufia, 1501; reached Plymouth 2 Oct. 1501; married to Prince Arthur at St. Paul's, London, 14 Nov., she being almost sixteen, he just fifteen years of age; deprived of Prince Arthur by death, 1502; proposal made for her marriage with Prince Henry; suggestion made for her marriage with Henry VII (a widower, February 1503); treaty of marriage to Prince Henry signed, 23 June 1503; papal dispensation and brief of Pope Julius II for the marriage granted, 1504; left in poverty and distress through the heartless intrigues of Henry VII, wlio desired a better match for the prince, 1505-9; married to the prince, now Henry VIII, 11 June 1509 (she well over 23, he just 18); crowned, 24 June; gave birth to and lost four children, 1510-14; regent during Henry VIII's French campaign, 1513; birth of Princess Mary, 1516: Henry VIII vexed by her father's duplicity, she vexed by Henry's inhdditirs Heurv l.-it.r., v, bastard by Elizabeth lUount, widow of Sir (iilbn-t Tailbois, born 1519, created Duke of RichII10I1 d, l.VJ.-,, died 1536), 1518; visited by her nephew Charles V M:iv 1520; accompanied Henry VIII to France, l.vj.i; Second visit of Charles V, 1522; harassed by ii.triiru.-s of King Henry to annul Iris marriage, 1526; Stormed by him that cohabitation must cease till the validity of their marriage IHJ determined, 22 June 1526; ipL'atiiu- powers to try the cause given to Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio, who arrival in October 1528; persecuted with the intention of making her retire to a nunnery appeared before the tontine court, 1529; apirmlin'oiLn court to Henry VIII's justice, and to the nope 1629; her cae revokeil to Rome; attended the kin -; s progress to Woodstock as queen, September 1629; leit at Richmond while the king and Anne Boleyn were in London, February 1 530; English and foreign universities consulted by Henry VIII for warrant to dissolve his marriage ill with fever, 1530; urged by the peers to allow her case to be tried by English judges, May and October 1531; finally abandoned by Henry VIII (who took Anne Boleyn with him), July 1531; separated from her daughter, Princess Mary; removed to Moor, Hertfordshire, 1531, and to Bishop's Hatfield, 1532; much I sympathy felt for her by the people, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn being secretly married, 25 Jan., and the marriage acknowledged, 13 April 1533; ordered to be styledthe princess dowager her marriage declared null by Archbishop Oranmer, 1533; removed to Buckden, Huntingdonshire, 1533; forcibly resisted an attempt to remove her to Somersham, Isle of Ely, 1533; in fear of poison, 1534; her marriage pronounced valid by the pope, 23 March 1534; her jointure transferred by parliament to Anne Boleyn steadily refused to accept the Act of Succession, 1534; many other supporters executed, 1535; serious illness, December 1535; died possibly of cancer of the heart, 7 Jan. 1536; buried in Peterborough Abbey. ix. 290
  356. ^ Catherine Howard (rf. 1542), fifth queen of Henry VIII; daughter, by his first wife, of Lord Edmund Howard, a younger son of Thomas, second duke of Norfolk her education neglected through her father's poverty; on her father's second marriage became a dependant in her grandmother's (Agnes, dowager duchess of Norfolk's) house at Horsham, Norfolk, and afterwards at Lambeth; improperly familiar with Henry Mannock (or Manox), her music-master; passed privately as wife of Francis Dereham, a retainer of the duchess; during Dereham's absence in Ireland, was thought likely to marry her cousin, Thomas Cul pepper of Kent; met Henry VIII at Bishop Stephen Gardiner's palace: claims for promotion pressed on her by her old associates, on the report that Henry would divorce Anne of Cleves and marry her: married secretly to King Henry, July, and acknowledged, August 1540; accompanied Henry on his midland progress, September-October 1540, and again, to Yorkshire, July-October 1541; clandestinely met Oulpepper at Lincoln and Pontefract, 1541, by help of her cousin Jane, viscountess Rochford, and 27 Aug., made Dereham her secretary; a statement of her former intimacy with Mannock and Dereham, supplied by maid-servants, given to Henry VIII, 2 Nov.; driven to confess pre-nuptial nnchastity with Dereham and familiarities with Mannock, a strict inquiry having been held; given by the king a promise to spare her life and sent to Sion House, November 1541; evidence of adultery vainly sought; all persons supposed privy to her misconduct imprisoned, Culpepper and Dereham being sentenced to death, and several of her relatives and servants to imprisonment and forfeiture, 1641; a bill attainting her and Lady Rochford (now insane) brought in, 21 Jan., and passed 7 Feb. 1542; a new confession, but only of prenuptial nnchwtity, wrung from her; taken to the Tower, 10 Feb., and, with Lady Rochford, beheaded 13 Feb. 1542.
  357. ^ Catherine Parr (1512–1548), sixth queen of Henry VIII; daughter of Sir Thomas Parr (d. 1517) of Kendal; well educated; married to Edward Borough (possibly Edward, the insane Baron Borough of Gainsborough, d. 1529); third wife of John Neville, baron Latimer (d. 1542); ready to marry Sir Thomas Seymour, brother of Jane, the late queen; forced to marry Henry VIII, 12 July 1543; showed great kindness to Prince Edward and the Princesses Elizabeth and Mary; tried to diminish religious persecution; regent during Henry VIII's French expedition, 1544; her life ndftBfMMd by her protestant leanings; secretly married, c. April, Sir Thomas Seymour, now Baron Seymour of Sudeley, Henry VIII having died in January 1547; obtained Edward VI's consent to the match; disgusted by her husband's brutalities to Princess Elizabeth; gave birth to a daughter at Sudeley Castle, 30 Aug. 1548.
  358. ^ Catherine of Braganza (1638–1706), queen of Charles II; born at Villa Vtcosa; her father king of Portugal in 1640; her education utterly neglected; marriage with Charles, prince of Wales, proposal for her by her father, 1645; renewed proposals made by the Portuguese for her marriage with Charles II, May 1660; proposals opposed by the Spanish party, on the ground of her probable barrenness; the match determined upon by Charles II, acting under French influence, November 1660-March 1661; formal intimation of the match well received in England and enthusiastically in Portugal; marriage treaty signed, 23 June 1661; Catherine sailing for England, 23 April 1662, and reaching Portsmouth, 13 May; privately married, 21 May; arrived at Hampton Court, 29 May; compelled by Charles to receive at court his mistress, Lady Castlemaine, July; arrived at Whitehall, 23 Aug.; submissively accepted Charles H'a infidelities; showed kindness to his illegitimate children, and lived mostly at Somerset House, and not at court, being often in great poverty through non-payment of her allowances; tried to obtain from the pope recognition of Portuguese independence, 1662; seriously ill, October 1663; kept court in Oxford during the plague of London, 1665-8; proposals rumoured for dissolution of her marriage on account of her childlessness, 1667-70; complaints made of the concourse of English people to her chapel services, 1667; went a progress in the eastern counties, 1671: assailed by the whigs as privy to the popish plot 16781680, but protected by Charles; attended the Oxford parliament, 1681; again abandoned by Charles for the Duchess of Portsmouth; instrumental in securing Charles II's deathbed profession of Romanism, February 1685; afterwards lived in retirement at Somerset House and Hammersmith; vainly begged James II to spare Monmouth; present at the birth of the Prince of Wales, 10 June 1688; gave evidence as to his legitimacy before the council; tried to recover damages from Henry, earl of Clarendon, her late chamberlain, for negligence in money matters; visited by William of Orange, but soon quarrelled with both William and Mary; travelled through France and Spain, reaching Lisbon, January 1693; resided near Lisbon; regent for her brother Pedro, 1704-5; favoured Italian music; unpopular in consequence of her ignorance of affairs, her haughtiness to her household, and her parsimony,
  359. ^ Cathroe or Kadroe, Saint (d. 976?). See Cadroe,
  360. ^ Ann Catley (1745–1789), vocalist ; sang at Vauxhall, 1762; legal proceedings undertaken by her father to regain custody of her, 1763; pupil of Charles Macklin; an extremely popular performer at Dublin, 1763-70, and in London, 1770-84; married Major-general Francis Lascelles.
  361. ^ Sir Robert Catlin (d. 1574), judge; reader of the Middle Temple, 1547: obtained the manor of Beby, Leicestershire, 1653; serjeant-at-law, 1565; justice of common pleas, 1558; chief- justice of the queen's bench, 1559-74; knighted, 1569.
  362. ^ James Catnach (of the Seven Dials) (1792–1841), publisher; son of John Catnach; printei in Newcastleon-Tyne; came to London, 1813; issued penny and farthing chap-books, ballads, and broadsides; retired, 1838.
  363. ^ William Caton (1636–1665), quaker ; met George Fox at Swarthmore, Ulverston, Lancashire, 1652, and embraced quakerism; travelled as a quaker preacher, 1654; imprisoned at Maids tone; roughly handled by English residents in Holland, 1655; preached in Scotland; settled in Amsterdam, 1656; frequently visited England; married a Dutch woman, 1662; imprisoned at Yarmouth; published many pamphlets in English, Dutch, and German; his autobiography printed, 1689.
  364. ^ John Catrik (d. 1419). See Ketterich.
  365. ^ George Cattermole (1800–1868), painter; son of a Norfolk squire; employed as.Iramrht-.uan by John Hritton; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1819-27, and historical and other pictures at the Water Colour Society 1822-60; a prolific book-illustrator, 1830-48; painted in oils, chiefly biblical subjects, from 1850.
  366. ^ Richard Cattermole (1795?-1868)," miscellaneous writer; educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; B.D., 1831; curate at Brixton, Surrey, 1826-31; secretary of the Royal Society of Literature, 1833-52; vicar of Little Mar'low, Buckinghamshire; published verses, sermons, and elegant extracts, 1825-46.
  367. ^ Twm Shon Catti (1630–1620?). See Thomas Jones.
  368. ^ Charles Catton , the elder (1728–1798), painter; successful coach-painter in London; exhibited from 1760, chiefly landscapes.
  369. ^ Charles Catton , the younger (1756–1819), painter; son of Charles Oatton the elder; studied art in London: went on sketching tours in England and Scotland; exhibited, 1775-1800; emigrated to the United States, 1804.
  370. ^ Thomas Catton (1760–1838), astronomer; of St. John's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1781; fellow and tutor; B.D., 1791; curator of the college observatory, 1791-1832; his observations published, 1853.
  371. ^ Walter Catton or Chattodunus (d. 1343), Franciscan friar of Norwich; died at Avignon. None of his works are extant
  372. ^ Ddoeth Cattwg (d. 670?).
  373. ^ James Caulfeild, fourth Viscount and first Earl of Charlemont (1728–1799), Irish statesman; born in Dublin; succeeded to the viscounty, 1734; travelled in Italy and the Levant, 1746-54; served against the French at Oarrickfergus, 1760; created Earl of Charlemont, 1763; resided in London, frequenting literary coteries, 1764-73; removed to Dublin, 1773; associate of Henry; rattan and Henry Flood; intrigued for Irish independence, 1780-2; opposed catholic emancipation and the union; wrote verses.
  374. ^ Sir Toby Caulfeild or Tobias, first Baron Charlemont (1565–1627), of an Oxfordshire family; served under Martin Frobisher, and (1596) at Cadiz; commanded troop of horse at Newry, 1698; served at Kinsale, 1601; officer at Fort Charlemont on the Blackwater; knighted, c. 1604; receiver of Tyrone's rents, 1607-10; received grants of forfeited lands; M.P., Armagh, 1613; master of ordnance, 1615; created Baron Oharlemont, 1620.
  375. ^ Toby Caulfeild or Tobias, third Baron Charlemont (d. 1642), M.P., Tyrone, 1639; governor of Fort Charlemont, 1641; surprised by Sir Phelim O'Neill; murdered.
  376. ^ William Caulfeild, fifth Baron and first Viscount Charlemont (d. 1671), succeeded to barony and estates, 1642; secured the execution of Sir Phelim O'Neill; created viscount, 1665.
  377. ^ William Caulfeild , second Viscount Charlemont (d. 1726), son of William Caulfeild, first viscount q. v.1; attainted by James II; restored by William III; served in West Indies, 1702, and under Peterborough in Spain, 1706; major-general, 1708.
  378. ^ James Caulfield (1764–1826), publisher; son of a London music-engraver; printseller and compiler of book-catalogues; published numerous biographies, with engraved portraits of historical personages and criminals, 1790-1824; prevented by Edmund Malone from issuing a volume of extracts from John Aubrey's manuscripts, 1797.
  379. ^ Richard Caulfield (1823–1887), Irish antiquary; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1848; LL.B., 1864; LL.D., 1866; F.S.A., 1862; librarian of Royal Cork Institution, 1864, and to Queen's College, Cork, 1876; published council books of corporation of Cork, 1876, Youghal, 1878, and Kinsale, 1878, with other works.
  380. ^ Benjamin Caunt (1815–1861), pugilist; son of a servant of Lord Byron at Newstead; fought with William Thompson Bendigo), 1835, and was beaten; beat Bendigo, 1838, and was styled champion; beat John Leechman f Brassey), 1840, and was styled champion of England visited the United States, 1841-2; subsequently publican in London.
  381. ^ John Hobart Caunter (1794–1851), miscellaneous writer; cadet in India, 1809; B.D. Cambridge, 1828; clergyman in London, Sussex, and Essex; publishedRomance of History(India), 1836, verses, sermons, and novels.
  382. ^ Salomon de Caus (1576-f630). See de Caus.
  383. ^ Michael de Causton (d. 1395). See Cawston.
  384. ^ Thomas Causton (d. 1569), composer ; gentleman of the Chapel Royal; contributed church music to John Day's issues.
  385. ^ Sir Proby Thomas Cautley (1802–1871), colonel; joined Bengal artillery, 1819; served at Bhurtpore, 1828; assisted in reconstructing Doab canal, 1824 ?-30; in charge of it, 1831-43; planned Ganges canal (his plans being censured by Sir Arthur Cotton ); superintended its construction, 1843-5 and 1848-54; visited England, 1846-8; K.O.B., 1864; member of council of India, 1858-68; presented Indian fossils to the British Museum; wrote on canals and on fossils.
  386. ^ John De Caux (d. 1263). See John de Caleto.
  387. ^ Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari (1841-1879), diplomatist; son of Adolphe Cavaguari, one of Napoleon's officers, by his Irish wife; born in France; entered Christ's Hospital, London, 1861; naturalised, 1857; cadet in the East India Company's service, 1858; lieutenant, 1860; political officer, 1861; employed on Afghan frontier, 1868-78; K.O.B., 1879; appointed British resident in Cabul, 1879; murdered by mutinous Afghans.
  388. ^ Jean Cavalier or Cavallier (1681–1740), major-general; son of a Languedoc peasant; baker at Geneva; a leader of the protestaut insurgents in the Cevennes, 1702; defeated and obliged to surrender, 1704; taken before Louis XIV at Versailles; escaped into Switzerland; served under the Duke of Savoy; raised regiment in Holland for English service in Spain, 1706; severely wounded at Almanza, 1707; paid addresses to Mademoiselle Dunoyer at the Hague, 1708; pensioned by the British government; resided at Portarlingtou, Ireland; published his Memoirs 1726; lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1738; major-general, 1739.
  389. ^ Tiberius Cavallo (1749–1809), natural philosopher; born in Naples; settled in England, before 1776; F.R.S., 1779; investigated electrical and chemical phenomena; invented electrical instruments; wrote on electricity and magnetism.
  390. ^ Earls of Cavan . See LAMBART, CHARLES, first Earl 1600–1660; LAMBART, RICHARD FORD WILLIAM, seventh EARL, 1763-1836.
  391. ^ Alfred Cave (1847–1900), congregational divine ; studied at New College, London; B.A. London, 1870; minister at Berkhampsted, 1872, and Watford, 1876-80; professor of Hebrew and church history, Hackney College, 1880; principal and professor of theology, 1882-1900; honorary D.D. St. Andrews, 1889: published theological works.
  392. ^ Sir Ambrose Cave (d. 1568), of Northamptonshire; knight hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem; visited Rhodes, 1525; pensioned at the suppression of the KnightsHospital at Shingay, Cambridgeshire, 1540; sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1548; M.P. I for Warwickshire, 1657; chancellor of the duchy of Lan1 caster, 1558; frequently employed on government commissions, 1558-64.
  393. ^ Edward Cave (1691–1754), printer; son of a i Rugby cobbler; apprenticed to a London printer; printer and journalist at Norwich; married and settled in London; for a short time clerk in the post office; , furnished London news to jo country papers, and country , 1726: conducted theGentle i news to a London paper, 17X6; conducted tne -uennei man's Magazine 1731-54; denounced in parliament for ! publishing George II's answer to an address before it had ! even been reported from the chair, 1738; invented a spinning-machine, 1740; published many journals and i books.
  394. ^ John Cave (d. 1657), divine ; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1619; rector of Pickwell, Leicestershire, 1629-42; persecuted by the puritans.
  395. ^ Sir Lewis William Cave (1832–1897), judge ; educated at Rugby and Lincoln College, Oxford; B.A., 1865; M.A., 1877; called to bar at Inner Temple, 1H69; bencher, 1877; revising barrister, 1865; recorder of Lincoln, 1873; Q.C., 1875; justice of high court, queen's bench division, 1881; knighted, 1881; bankruptcy judge, 1883-91: edited legal works.
  396. ^ Sir Stephen Cave (1820–1880), politician ; educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1846- barrister of the Inner Temple, 1846; M.P., ShoreLain, 1H59-80; paymaster-general, 1866-8,1874-80; published pamphlet-.
  397. ^ William Cave (1637–1713), ecclesiastical historian; son of John Cave; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1660; D.D., 1672; vicar of Islington, 1662-89; vicar of Allhallows the Great, London, 1679-89; canon of Windsor, 1684, and vicar of Isleworth, Middlesex, 1690 till death; published Primitive Christianity 1672, and other important works on early ecclesiastical history.
  398. ^ Hugo Cavellus (1571–1626). See Hugh MacCaghwell.
  399. ^ Cavendish (1830–1899) (pseudonym). See Henry Jones.
  400. ^ Ada Cavendish (1839–1895), actress ; first appeared at New Royalty, 1863, and subsequently played at many London theatres and in America; her parts include Juliet, Beatrice, Rosalind, and Lady Teazle.
  401. ^ Charles Cavendish (1620–1643), royalist general; second son of William Cavendish, second earl of Devonshire; travelled in the East, 1638-40; served under the Prince of Orange, 1641; volunteer in the guards; given troop after Edgehill; raised regiment of horse; stationed at Newark: given command in Nottinghamshire and Lincoln; victorious at G ninth am, March 1643, Ancaster, April, and Burton-on-Trent, July 1643; defeated and slain at Gainsborough.
  402. ^ Sir Charles Cavendish (1591–1664), mathematician; brother of William Cavendish, first duke of Newcastle; accompanied Sir Henry Wotton to France, 1612; knighted, 1619; M.P. for Nottingham, 1624, 1628, and 1640; served for king under his brother as lieutenant-general of horse, 1642; travelled on continent, 1644-51; suffered sequestration of estates, but made submission and was admitted to compound. He was noted for his mathematical knowledge, and was acquainted with many eminent mathematicians of his day.
  403. ^ Christiana Cavendish , Countess of Devonshire (d. 1675), daughter of Edward Bruce, baron Kinloss; wife of William Cavendish, second earl of Devonshire, who died 1628; zealous supporter of the royalist cause.
  404. ^ Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1759–1824), daughter of the fourth Earl of Bristol ; married John Thomas Foster; refused offer of marriage from Edmund Gibbon, 1787; married the fifth Duke of Devonshire, 1809; lived latterly at Rome; subsidised editions of Horace and Virgil, 1816-19.
  405. ^ Lord Frederick Cavendish (1729–1803), fieldmarshal; third son of the third Duke of Devonshire; ensign, 1750; colonel, 1758; M.P. for Derbyshire, 1751, and for Derby, 1754-80; served in Germany, 1767; prisoner in France, 1758-60; commanded brigade in Hanover, 1760-3; major-general, 1761; field-marshal, 1796.
  406. ^ Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish (1836-1882), chief secretary for Ireland; second son of William Cavendish, seventh Duke of Devonshire; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1858; M. P., Yorkshire West Riding, 1866-82; chief secretary for Ireland, 1882; murdered by members of a secret political society in Phoenix Park, Dublin, 6 May.
  407. ^ George Cavendish (1500–1661?), biographer of Wolsey; in constant attendance on Wolsey, as his usher, from 1626; retired to Glemsford, Suffolk, 1530; zealous Roman catholic; wrote life of Wolsey, e. 1667 (published 1815).
  408. ^ Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1757–1806), eldest daughter of the first Earl Spencer; married, 1774, the fifth Duke of Devonshire; canvassed for Fox in the Westminster election, 1784.
  409. ^ Henry Cavendish (d. 1616), soldier and politician, eldest son of Sir William Cavendish (1506 V-1657); M.P. for Derbyshire, 1672; fought in the Low Countries, 1678; travelled in the East; custodian of Mary Queen of Scots.
  410. ^ Sir Henry Cavendish (1732–1804), parliamentary reporter; M.P. for Lostwithiel, 1768-1774; took shorthand notes of the debates (now in the British Museum; partly printed, 1839-43); succeeded to baronetcy, 1776; official in Ireland, 1779.
  411. ^ Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), natural philosopher; grandson of the second Duke of Devonshire; born at Nice; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, 17491753; a millionaire; studied mathematics; experimented in physics and chemistry, 1764; began to communicate papers to the Royal Society, 1766; discovered the constitution of water and atmospheric air before 1783; experimented on electricity, 1772 and 1776, and on the density of the earth, 1798.
  412. ^ Sir John Cavendish (d. 1381), judge; pleader in 1348; serjeant-at-law, 1366; justice of common pleas, 1371; chief-justice of king's bench, 1372-81; murdered in Jack Straw's rising.
  413. ^ Lord John Cavendish (1732–1796), politician ; fourth son of the third Duke of Devonshire; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1753; M.P., Weymouth, 1763; M.P., Knaresborougb, 1761; M.P., York, 1768-90; chancellor of the exchequer, March to July 1782, and April to December, 1783; M.P., Derbyshire, 1794-6; friend of Edmund Burke.
  414. ^ Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (1624?–1674), writer; youngest child of Sir Thomas Lucas, of St. John's, Colchester; maid of honour to Queen Henrietta Maria, 1643; accompanied her to Paris, 1645; married (second wife) William Cavendish, marquis (afterwards duke) of Newcastle, April 1646; lived at Paris, Rotterdam, and Antwerp in pecuniary distress; came to London, to solicit an allowance out of her husband's confiscated estates; derided by Charles II's court after the Restoration; lived in retirement; buried in Westminster Abbey; wrote and published a multitude of verses, essays, and plays, 1663-68, together with an autobiographical sketch in Nature's Pictures 1656, and a life of her husband, 1667.
  415. ^ Richard Cavendish (d. 1601?), politician; educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; employed by the Duke of Norfolk to carry letters to Mary Queen of Scots, 1568-9; witness against the duke, 1572; M.P. for Denbigh, 1672 and 1585; M.A. Cambridge, 1573; appointed by Elizabeth to a law office, but excluded by the judges, 1587; translated Euclid into English, and published a theological tract.
  416. ^ Thomas Cavendish (1560–1592), circumnavigator; supplied and commanded n ship in Sir Richard Greenvile's Virginia voyage, 9 April-18 Sept. 1686; fitted out three ships in imitation of Sir Francis Drake's 1577-9 voyage, 1586; sailed from Plymouth, 21 July 1586; touched at Sierra Leone, 21 Aug.; at Cape Frio, Brazil, 31 Oct.; discovered Port Desire, Patagonia, 17 Dec.; entered Magellan Straits, 6 Jan. 1587; reached the Pacific, 24 Feb.; captured the great treasure-ship off Cape St. Lucas, California, 14 Nov.; reached the Ladrones, 3 Jan. 1588; threaded the Eastern archipelago; sighted Cnpe of Good Hope, 19 March; touched at St. Helena, 8 June; reached Plymouth, 10 Sept.; planned another voyage, in conjunction with Captain John Davis, 1591; sailed from Plymouth, 26 Aug. 1691: reached Brazil, 29 Nov.; at Port Desire, 18 March 1592; got only halfway through Magellan Straits, 21 April: started to return, 15 May; parted from Davis in the night off Port Desire, 20 May 1592; sailed eastwards towards St. Helena, and died at sea, June 1592; search for him undertaken by Davis along the Patagonian coast. His ship in the voyage of 1586 was the Desire: in the voyage of 1591 he commanded the Leicester, Davis sailing in the Desire.
  417. ^ Sir William Cavendish (1505?–1567), statesman; agent for Henry VIII in securing the property of the monasteries at the dissolution, 1530-41; received grants of church lands from Henry VIII and Edward VI; knighted, 1546; returned to Roman Catholicism under Queen Mary; treasurer of the royal chamber to Henry VIII, 1546, and to Mary, 1553; began to build Chatsworth, 1553.
  418. ^ William Cavendish, first Earl of Devonshire (d. 1626), second son of Sir William Cavendish (1605?-1667); M.P., Newport, 1688; courtier of James I; created Baron Cavendish of Hardwicke, 1606; created Earl of Devonshire, 1618.
  419. ^ William Cavendish, second Earl of Devonshire (1591?–1628), second son of William Cavendish, first earl; pupil of Thomas Hobbes; travelled; knighted, 1609; courtier of James I; M.P. for Derby, 1621-6; succeeded to earldom, 1626; in debt, 1628.
  420. ^ William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle (1592-1676), son of Sir Charles Cavendish of Welbeck, Nottinghamshire, and the heiress of the barony of Ogle, Northumberland; educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; K.B., 1610; travelled: entertained James I at Welbeck, 1619; created Viscount Mansfield, November 1620; created Earl of Newcastle, March 1628; succeeded to the Ogle estates, 1629; spent 20,000l. in entertaining Charles I at Welbeck, 1633, Ben Jonson writing the masques; governor of Charles, prince of Wales, 1638-41; lent Charles I 10,0007. and raised a troop at his own cost against the Scots, 1639; withdrew from court, 1641, to avoid prosecution by parliament for again raising troops for the king; named governor of Hull by Charles I, January 1642, but not accepted by the garrison; joined Charles I at York; sent to secure Newcastle-on-Tyne, June, and to command in the north; raised troops at his own charges; invaded Yorkshire, November 1642; raised the ?iege of York, and advanced southwards; forced to fall back on York, January 1648; advanced into the West Riding, but was forced back; detached troops to escort the queen to Oxford; secured all Yorkshire by the victory of Adwalton Moor, 1643; advanced as far as Lincoln; recalled to besiege Hull; raised the siege, 11 Oct. 1643; created Marquis of Newcastle, 27 Oct. 1643: sent to oppose the Scots, 1644; forced to fall back on York; fought as volunteer at Marston Moor, having vainly urged Prince Rupert to wait for reinforcements, 1644; at Hamburg, July 1644 to February 1645: in Paris, April 1645-8; married see CAVENDISH, MARGARET, DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE; at Rotterdam, 1648, and Antwerp, 1648-60; for some time lived in great pecuniary difficulties, pawned,his wife's jewels, and incurred heavy loans; obtained an allowance out of his confiscated estates; accompanied Charles II to London, 1660; had only part of his lands restored, having spent nearly 1,000,000. in the royal service: created Duke of Newcastle, March 1665; withdrew to Welbeck; patron of Ben Jonson and Dryden. His works include plays, 1649-77, poems, and Methode et Invention... de dresser les Chevaux Antwerp, 1657, and New Method... to Dress Horses 1667.
  421. '^ William Cavendish , third Earl of Devonshire (1617–1684), eldest son of William Cavendish, second earl; pupil of Thomas Hobbes; K.B., 1625: succeeded to the earldom, 1628; travelled, 1634-7; lordlieutenant of Derbyshire, 1638-42; belonged to the court party; joined Charles I at York, 1642; attainted by parliament, 1642, and his estates sequestrated; went abroad; returned, 1645; fined by parliament, 1646; lived at his mother's house, Latimers, Buckinghamshire; lord-lieutenant of Derbyshire, 1660.
  422. ^ William Cavendish , first Duke of Devonshire (1640–1707), eldest sou of William Cavendish, third earl: styled Lord Cavendish (of Hardwicke) till 1684; educated abroad: M.P. for Derby, 1661; in Ireland, 1662; hon. M.A. Oxford, 1663; served in the fleet, 1665; envoy to France, 1669; provoked a fracas at the opera in Paris; imprisoned in the Tower for instigating a duel, from the succession, 1680-1; made his peace with Charles II, October, 1681; succeeded to earldom, 1684; fined 30,OOW. for brawling at court, 1685; built Chatsworth, 1687-1706; joined in inviting William of Orange England, 1687 and 1688; arranged with the Earl of Danby to raise the north in favour of William of Orange; seized Derby and Nottingham, 1688; raised regiment of horse; escorted Princess Anne to Oxford; moved an address of welcome to the Prince of Orange, December, 1688; armed for.lames II's deposition, 1689; lord-lieutenant of Derbyshire, 1689; lord high steward at coronation, 1689; with William III in Flanders, 1690-2; created Duke of Devonshire, 1694 lord high steward at Anne's coronation, 1702; advocated toleration of nonconformists and the union with Scotland; of profligate private life; a patron of horse-racing.
  423. ^ William Cavendish, fourth Duke of Devonshire (1720–1764), styled Marquis of Hartington till 1755 ; M.P. for Derbyshire, 1741-51; married, 1748, the heiress of the Cork and Burlington estates in Ireland; called to the peers as Baron Cavendish, 1751; succeeded to the dukedom, 1755; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1755-6; prime minister, 1756-7; lord chamberlain, 1757-62.
  424. ^ William Cavendish, seventh Duke of Devonshire (1808–1891), great grandson of William Cavendish, fourth duke; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1829; honorary LL.D., 1835; M.P. for Cambridge University, 1829-31, Malton, Yorkshire, 1831 Derbyshire, 1831, North Derbyshire, 18321834; succeeded his grandfather as second Earl of Burlington, 1834, and his cousin William George Spencer Caven privy councillor, 1876; liberal benefactor of scientific and industrial enterprises.
  425. ^ William George Spencer Cavendish, sixth Duke of Devonshire (1790–1858), B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1811; succeeded to the dukedom, July, 1811; British envoy at the coronation of Nicholas, czar of Russia, 1825; lord chamberlain, 1827-8, and 1830-4; bibliophile and collector of coins.
  426. ^ John Caverhill (d. 1781), physician; licentiate of the London College of Physicians, 1767; wrote on medical topics.
  427. ^ John Young Caw (1810?–1858), banker; educated at St. Andrews and Cambridge; banker in Manchester, c. 1828-58; published pamphlets.
  428. ^ James Cawdell (d. 1800), comedian in the north of England; retired, 1798; published poems and plays, 1778-98.
  429. ^ Daniel Cawdry (1588–1664), presbyterian; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; rector of Great Billing, Northamptonshire, 1625; member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643; ejected from bis living for nonconformity, 1662; wrote against churchmen and independents, 1645-61.
  430. ^ Zachary Cawdry (1616–1684), divine; entered St. John's College, Cambridge, 1633: M.A., 1642; rector of Barthomley, Cheshire, 1649-84; published A Discourse on Patronage 1675.
  431. ^ William Cawley (1602–1666?), regicide; son of a rich brewer of Chichester; founded St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Ohichester, 1626: M.P., Chichester, 1627; fined for refusing knighthood, 1629; M.P., Midhurst, 1640; an active member of the Long parliament; one of the king's judges; member of the council of state, 1651; M.P., 1659: excepted from pardon, 1660; withdrew to Belgium and Switzerland; his estates bestowed by crown on the Duke of York
  432. ^ John cawood (1514–1572), printer; apprenticed in London; printed in his own name, 1549-72; appointed queen's printer to Mary, 1663, and joint queen's printer to Elizabeth, 1560; active member of the StationersCompany,
  433. ^ Michael de Cawston or Cattston (d. 1395), master of Michaelhouse, Cambridge; fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge; D.D.: master of Michaelhouse after 1359; chancellor of Cambridge, 1361: benefactor of the university; dean of Chichester at some date between 1383 and 1400.
  434. ^ James Cawthorn (1719–1761), poet; son of a Sheffield upholsterer; usher in several country schools; of Clare Hall, Cambridge; usher in London; head-master of Tollbridge school, c. 1743; styled M.A., 1748; publi-hi-d lirlanl ami Heloise inPoetical Calendar 1746; his collected poems published, 1771.
  435. ^ Thomas Cawton , the elder (1606–1659), divine; educated at Queens' College, Cambridge; puritan; vicar of Vuvenhoe, Essex, 1637-44; minister of St. Bartholomew's, London, 1644; opposed the execution of Charles 1; imprisoned, February to August, 1649, for praying for King Charles II involved in the projected rising of 1651; fled to Holland; minister of an English congregation at Rotterdam.
  436. ^ Thomas Cawton , the younger (1636?–1677), orientalist; studied at Rotterdam and Utrecht; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1660; left Oxford in consequence of his nonconformity, 1662; independent minister at Westminster; published a life of his father, Thomas Cawton the elder, 1662, also philological and theological tracts.
  437. ^ William Caxton (1422?–1491), the first English printer; born in Kent; apprenticed, 1438, to a London mercer; went, after his master's death, to Bruges, 1441; wa- at Bruges, in business for himself, 1446-70, visiting London, 1453, and Utrecht, 1464; at Bruges, acted as governor of the English merchants in the Low Countries, 1465-9, and was employed in negotiating commercial treaties with the Dukes of Burgundy, 1464 and 1468; began translating the French romanceLe Recueil des Hifitoires de Troye March 1469, at Bruges, and finished it, 1471, at Cologne; in the household of Margaret (sister of Edward IV), duchess of Burgundy, 1471-6; learned printing after 1471 and before 1474, perhaps at Cologne and in company of Colard Mansion; printed hisRecuyell of the Histories of Troy folio, probably in 1474, and * The Game and Playe of the Chesse another translation from French, probably in 1475, both perhaps at a press set up in 1473 by Colard Mansion at Bruges and belonging to Oaxton; came to England, 1476, and continued in favour with Edward IV, Richard III, and Henry VII; established press at Westminster, from which he issued, 1477-91, nearly eighty separate books, many of them translations by himself from French romances (the first of them was the Earl of Rivera's translation of The Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers 1477). Six distinct founts of type were used by Caxton.
  438. ^ Henry Boult Cay (d. 1795), legal writer ; B.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1752; fellow, 1752-70; barrister of the Middle Temple; published supplements to the Abridgment of his father, John Cay
  439. ^ John Cay (1700–1757), editor of the 'Statutes'; born in Northumberland; barrister of Gray's Inn, 1724; a judge of the Marshalsea, 1750; published anAbridgment of the Publick Statutes (1215-1737 ), 1739; and The Statutes at Large (1215-1766), issued 1758.
  440. ^ Arthur Cayley (d. 1848), author of trite lives of Sir Walter Ralegh, 1805, and of Sir Thomas More, 1808; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1796; rector of Normanby, Yorkshire, 1814.
  441. ^ Arthur Cayley (1821–1895), mathematician; senior wrangler and Smith's prizeman, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1842; fellow, 1842-62, and 1875-95, and honorary fellow, 1872; called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1849; practised as conveyancer; Sadlerian professor of pure mathematics, Cambridge, 1863-95; president of British Association, 1883; F.R.S., 1852; Copley medallist, 1882; member of the leading British and foreign scientific societies; contributed many valuable papers to mathematical journals.
  442. ^ Charles Bagot Cayley (1823–1883), translator; son of a Russian merchant: born near St. Petersburg; educated at King's College, London, and Cambridge (B.A., 1846). His verse translations include Dante, 1851, Jschylus, 1867, Homer, 1877, and Petrarch, 1879.
  443. ^ Cornelius Cayley (1729–1780?), religious writer; for some years clerk in the treasury of the Prince of Wales; methodist preacher; travelled in Holland and France, 1772; published an autobiography, 1768, travels, 1777, and verses and devotional tracts.
  444. ^ Saint Ceadda (d. 672), better known as CHAD ; an Angle of Northumbria; disciple of St. Aidan at Lindisfarue; trained in Rathmelsige monastery, co. Louth, Ireland; called to succeed his brother Cedd as abbot of Lastingham, North Yorkshire, 664; consecrated at Winchester as bishop of Lindisfarne or York (in place of Wilfrith, elected hut absent in Gaul), c. 665; acted as bishop, c. 666-9 (Wilfrith not claiming the see); resigned, at the instance of Archbishop Theodore, and retired to Lastingham; sent to be bishop of the Mercian.-, c. 670: fixed the see at Lichfield, where he built a church and cell; probably built a cell at Barrow, Lincolnshire; died of pestilence; revered aa an English saint; commemorated on 2 March.
  445. ^ Ceadwalla. See Caedwalla.
  446. ^ Ceallachan (d. 954), king of Cashel, 935-54 ; ravaged the neighbouring districts, 935-9; prisoner in Donegal, 941; victorious at Maghduin, 942; ancestor of the O'Callaghans.
  447. ^ Cearbhall (d. 888), lord of Ossory ; ravaged the neighbouring districte, sometimes in alliance with the Danes, sometimes with the Irish, 845-872; chosen king of Dublin by the Danes, 875; defeated the Munstennen at Clonmel, 876.
  448. ^ Ceawlin (d. 593), king of the West-Saxons; fought at Beranbyrig, near Marlborough, 61 J; succeeded his father, Cynric, 560; took Silchester; defeated the Jutes of Kent at Wimbledon, 568; by a victory atDeorham, 1 577, conquered Gloucestershire: ravaged the upper Severn valley, 583; repulsed by the Welsh at Vale Royal, Cheshire; deprived of conquests by his nephew, Ceobric, who headed a revolt, 591; defeated at Wanborough, Wiltshire, 592; fell in battle.
  449. ^ Arthur Cecil , whose real name was Arthur Cecil Blunt (1843–1896), actor; appeared with the German Reeds in No Cards and Box and Cox 1869, and subsequently played at many London theatres; was with John Clayton joint-manager of the Court Theatre. His parts include Touchstone, Sir Peter Teazle, and Tony Lumpkin.
  450. ^ Sir Edward Cecil, Viscount Wimbledon (1572-1638), third son of Thomas Cecil, first earl of Exeter; served in the Low Countries, 1596-1610; captain of foot, 1599; in command of the English contingent, 1610; knighted, 1601; a favourite of the Duke of Buckingham; given, by Buckingham, command of the Spanish expedition, 1626; miserably mismanaged the operations at Cadiz, 20-29 Oct., and missed the treasure-ships; created Baron Cecil of Putney, 1625; created Viscount Wimbledon, 1626; lord-lieutenant of Surrey, 1626; held command in Holland, 1627-9; governor of Portsmouth, 1630-8.
  451. ^ James Cecil , third Earl of Salisbury (d. 1683), educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; succeeded to earldom, 1669; advocated exclusion of James, duke of York, from the succession;prisoner in the Tower, 1677; made his peace with Charles II, 1679.
  452. ^ James Cecil, fourth Earl of Salisbury (d. 1693), eldest sou of James Cecil, third earl; imprisoned as a Roman catholic, 1689; imprisoned as a Jacobite, 1692.
  453. ^ John Cecil alias John Snowden (1558–1626), priest and political adventurer; educated at Trinity College, Oxford; joined Roman catholic seminary at Rheims, 1583; studied at English college, Rome, and took holy orders; at Valladolid with Father Parsons, who (1591) sent him to England; captured, subsequently becoming spy in service of Burghley and Sir Robert Cecil; acted for ten years as political agent of Scottish catholic earls in rebellion against their king; subsequently (1601) joined John Mush, Anthony Champney, and other priests who laid before the pope grievances against Blackwell and the Jesuits; in 1606 with Champuey presented to the pope petition of English priests for episcopal government; chaplain and almoner to Margaret of Valois: died at Paris.
  454. ^ Richard Cecil (1748–1810), evangelical divine; youngest child of a wealthy London dyer; a dilettante; ordained priest, 1777; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1777: curate in Lincolnshire and Leicestershire; rector of All Saints 1777-98, and St. Thomas, Lewes, 1777-97; a popular preacher in and near London, 1780-1808; vicar of Chobham, Surrey, 1800: wrote devotional and biopraphical tracts, published posthumously.
  455. ^ Robert Cecil , first Earl of Salisbury and first Viscount Cranbourne (1563?-1612), statesman; son of William Cecil, baron Burghley; educated privately, being of weak health; resident in France, e. 1584-7 attached to the Earl of Derby's mission to the Spanish Netherlands, 1588; M.P. for Hertfordshire, 1589 and 1601; acted as secretary of state; knighted, 1691; secretary of state, 1596-1608; envoy to France, 1598; commissioner to try the Earl of Essex for leaving Ireland, 1600; accused by Essex of doubting Elizabeth's title, 1601; made overtures to James VI of Scotland; secured the accession of James VI to the English throne, 1603; created Baron Cecil, 1603, Viscount Cranborne, 1604, and Earl of Salisbury, 1605; forced by James I to exchange Theobalds for Hatfield, 1607; built Hatfield House; known as the crook-backed earl; died deeply in debt.
  456. ^ Thomas Cecil , first Earl of Exeter and second Baron Burghley (1542–1622), eldest son of William Cecil, baron Burghley; educated privately; lived dissolutely at Paris and in Germany, 1561-3; M.P., Stamford, 1563; served against the northern rebels, 1569; served in Scotland, 1573; knighted, 1576; served in the Low Countries, 1585, and against the Armada, 1588; succeeded to barony, 1698; president of the council of the north, 1599; helped to crush the Earl of Essex's rising, 1601; created Earl of Exeter, 1605; founded a hospital at Liddington, Rutlandshire; benefactor of Clare College, Cambridge.
  457. ^ Thomas Cecil (fl. 1630), one of the few English engravers of the early seventeenth century; engraved, chiefly portraits, in London, 1627-35.
  458. ^ William Cecil, BARON BURGHLEY (1520–1598), statesman; only son of a wealthy Northamptonshire squire (d. 1552), in the service of Henry VIII; educated at Grantham school; at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1635-41; studied Greek; entered Gray's Inn, 1541; allied by marriage with Sir John Cheke, of Cambridge, the Greek scholar; held the lucrative office of custos brevium in .the court of common pleas, 1647-61; M.P., Stamford, 1647; secretary to Lord Protector Somerset; imprisoned in the Tower on Somerset's fall, 1549; secretary of state, 1660-3; recorder of Boston, 1651; knighted, 1551; began building Burleigh House and Wimbledon House, 1553; employed by Queen Mary to recall Cardinal Pole, 1554, and (unsucces? fully) to mediate between the French king and emperor, 1655; M.P., Lincolnshire, 1555; secretary of state, 1558-72; chancellor of Cambridge University, 1659; envoy to Scotland, 1560; his influence threatened by Elizabeth's partiality to Lord Robert Dudley (earl of Leicester in 1664); master of the court of wards, 1561; attended Queen Elizabeth on her state visits to Cambridge, 1664, and to Oxford, 1566; organised secret police to detect plots against Elizabeth, 1570; created Baron of Burghley, February 1571; lord high treasurer, 1572-98, and chief minister of Queen Elizabeth; responsible for execution of Mary Quen of Scots, 1587; founded a hospital at Stamford Baron; his correspondence preserved at Hatfield.
  459. ^ Cecilia or Cecily (1469–1507), third daughter of Edward IV; betrothed to James, eldest son of James III of Scotland, 1474; betrothed to Alexander, duke of Albany, 1482; took sanctuary at Westminster from Richard III, 1483; surrendered to Richard III, 1484; taken into favour by Henry VII, 1486; married John, viscount Wells (d. 1498), c. 1487; married Thomas Kymbe or Kyne, of the Isle of Wight, c. 1504.
  460. ^ Cedd or CEDDA, SAINT (d. 664), brother of Ceadda , with whom he is sometimes confused: an Angle of Northumbria; pupil of St. Aidan at Lindisfarne; sent to Christianise the Middle Angles, 653; sent to Essex to Christianise the East Saxons, 653; consecrated bishop of the East-Saxons, 664; founded a monastery near Maldou, and another at West Tilbury, Essex; founded and ruled the monastery at Lastingham, Yorkshire; attended the council at Whitby, 664: accepted the Roman computation of Easter; died of plague; revered at an English saint; commemorated on 7 Jan.
  461. ^ Saint Cedmon (Jt. 670). See Caedmon.
  462. ^ Saint Celeclerech (d. 697). See Cilian.
  463. ^ Dorothea Celesia (1738–1790), authoress of Almida, a tragedy, 1771, and Indolence, a poem, 1772; daughter of David Mallet; married Pietro Paolo Celesia, Genoese ambassador (1755-9); resided at Genoa, 1759-90.
  464. ^ Madame Celeste , properly Celeste-Elliott (1814 ?-1882), actress; trained in Paris; visited America, 1827; married a Mr. Elliott there; appeared in Liverpool, 1830, London, 1831 and 1833, America, 1834-7, London, 1837-41, Liverpool, 1843, and London, 1844-74; withdrew to Paris.
  465. ^ Saint Cellach (6th cent.), bishop of Killala; otherwise OELLAN; commemorated on 1 May; eldest son of a king in Mayo; monk at Cloumacuois; cursed by St. Ciarau for leaving the monastery to become king; returned to monkish life; chosen bishop in Mayo with his see at Killala (Cell Alaidh); murdered by order of Guaire, king in Galway.
  466. ^ Saint Cellach (1079–1129). See Celsis
  467. ^ Alfred Cellier (1844–1891), composer and contributor; one of children of Chapel Royal, 1865; held successively several appointments as organist; first musical director at Court Theatre, 1871; director of orchestra at Opera Comique, Manchester, 1871-5, and Opera Comique, London, 1877-9; joint-conductor with Sir Arthur Sullivan at Covent Garden, 1878-9; composed many comic operas, including Dorothy 1886, and Mountebanks (produced posthumously, 1892); his opera Pandora produced in Boston, U.S.A., 1881.
  468. ^ Elizabeth Cellier (fl. 1680), "mE 'Dormer ; married Peter Cellier, a Frenchman; embraced Romanism; midwife in London; agent for distributing alms to the popish plotprisoners, 1679; acquitted, 1680, on a charge of plotting the king's murder the meal-tub plot; fined and pilloried for libel in her pamphlet about her trial Malice defeated); published two pamphlets on the training of midwives, 1687-8.
  469. ^ William Celling , perhaps more properly William Tilly of Selling (d. 1494), born in Kent ; monk at Christ Church, Canterbury; B.D. Oxford, 1458; possibly fellow of All Souls College; prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1472-94; collected Latin and Greek manuscripts on the continent, c. 1473; improved the buildings of his convent; taught Thomas Linacre; envoy to Rome, 1486; commissioner in negotiations between England, France, and Brittany, 1490-1.
  470. ^ Celsus or Cellach, Saint (1079–1129), archbishop of Armagh; son of Aedh, of a family which held the see hereditarily; succeeded as archbishop, September 1105; created suffragan bishops; visited in his province, collecting dues, 1106-20; mediator between Irish princes, 1107-28; presided at a synod to establish rules of conduct, 1111; attended a council to fix the boundaries of Irish dioceses, 1117; chosen bishop of Dublin, 1121, but perhaps never made good his title against his rival Gregory; taught St. Malachy, whom he recommended for his successor; robbed by the O'Ruarcs and O'Briaus, 1128; commemorated on 6 April.
  471. ^ John Cennick (1718–1755), divine; joined methodists under Wesley, 1739; made tour among Moravian brethren in Germany, 1745; ordained deacon in Moravian church, London, 1749; published sermons and hymns.
  472. ^ Susannah Centlivre (1667?–1723), actress and dramatist; acted in the provinces, often in her own comedies; called herself S. Carroll; married, at Windsor, 1706, Joseph Centlivre, cook to Queen Anne; lived with her husband in St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London, 17121723; wrote eighteen plays, chiefly comedies, 1700-22.
  473. ^ Centwine or Kenten (d. 685), king of the West Saxons; came to the throne, 676; took the Quantock hills from the Welsh; sheltered Wilfrith for a time; benefactor of Glastoubury Abbey.
  474. ^ Cenwalh, Cenwealh or Coinwalch (d. 672), king of the West-Saxons; succeeded his father Cynegils, 643; a pagan; put away his Mercian wife; driven from his kingdom by Penda of Mercia, c. 645; sought asylum in East Anglia; converted to Christianity; refined his kingdom, 648; built St. Peter's, Winchester; made Agilberht bishop of Winchester, 650; defeated the Welsh at Bradford-on-Avon, 652, and annexed North Wiltshire; defeated the Welsh, 658, ami annexed country from the Axe to the Parrot; mode Wini bishop of Winchester, 660; defeated by Wulfhere of Mercia, 661; accented Hlodhere (Leutherius) as bishop of Winchester, 670.
  475. ^ Cenwulf or Kenulf (d. 1006), abbot of Peterborough, 992; bishop of Winchester, 1005.
  476. ^ Ceolfrid or Ceolfrith (642–716), abbot of Wearmouth; monk at Gilling, Yorkshire, and at Ripon; priest, 669; visited Kent and Lincolnshire; prior, under Benedict Biscop, at Wearmouth, 674; visited Rome, i;7s,iiiid c. 684; abbot of Jarrow, 682; abbot of Wearmouth and Jurrow combined, 688-716; encouraged transcription of manuscripts; induced the northern Irish, 704, and the Picts, 710, to observe the Komau Easter; set out for Rome; died at Langres; commemorated on 25 Sept. fix. 424
  477. ^ Ceolnoth (d. 870), archbishop of Canterbury, c. 833; made an alliance between Ecgberht and Ethelwulf, kings of the West-Saxons, 838; plundered by the Danes, 851; bought off the Danes, 864.
  478. ^ Ceolred (d. 716), king of the Mercians, 709 ; invaded Wessex, 715; repulsed at Wanborough, Wiltshire; oppressed the church; died insane.
  479. ^ Ceolric or Ceol (d. 597), king of the West-Saxons, 692, after defeating Oeawlin
  480. ^ Saint Ceolwulf (d. 764), king of Northumbria, 729; to him Baeda dedicated his Historia Ecclesiastica; dethroned and restored, 731; made Ecgberht bishop of York, 734; resigned, 737, and became a monk at Liudisfarne; his body translated from Lindisfarne to Norham; commemorated on 15 Jan.
  481. ^ Cerdic (d. 534), king of the West-Saxons ; a Saxon ealdorman; landed near Southampton, and fought against the Britons, 495; defeated the Britons, 508, and acquired South Hampshire up to the Avon; reinforced, 5 1 -t; defeated the Britons at Charford, Hampshire, 519; took the title of king; defeated by the Britons at Badbury, Dorset, 520; conquered the Isle of Wight, 530.
  482. ^ Saint Cernach (fl. 450).
  483. ^ Giaoobbe Cervetto (1682? –1783), violoncellist; really named Basevi; an Italian Jew; resided in London, 1739-83; played in the orchestra at Drury Lane.
  484. ^ James Cervetto (1749?–1837), violoncellist ; taught by his father, Giacobbe Cervetto; first performed, 1760: travelled on the continent, 1764; performed in London, 1765-83; retired on his lather's fortune.
  485. ^ Adam de Cestreton (d. 1269), judge ; chaplain to Henry III; master of the London domus convertorum, 1265; justice itinerant in 1268.
  486. ^ Thomas de Chabham or Chobham (d. 1230), theologian; sub-dean of Salisbury, 1214; author of Summa de Poenitentia; other works lost; confused with Bishop Thomas de Cobham.
  487. ^ Charles Chabot (1815–1882), expert in handwriting; born in Battersea; originally a lithographer; examined professionally the letters of Junius, identifying the handwriting with that of Sir Philip Francis, 1871.
  488. ^ Peter Chaceporc or Chaceport (d. 1254), favourite of Henry III; a Poitevin; royal clerk, 1243; keeper of the wardrobe, 1245; rector of Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire; archdeacon of Wells, 1250; treasurer, 1253; treasurer of Lincoln Cathedral, 1254; accompanied Henry III to France; died at Boulogne.
  489. ^ Saint Chad (d. 672). See Ceadda.
  490. ^ Laurence Chaderton (1536?–1640), theologian; son of a wealthy Roman catholic gentleman in Lancashire; disowned on becoming a protestant at Cambridge, c. 1566; entered Christ's College, Cambridge, 1565; B.A., 1567; fellow, 1568?-1576; preacher for fifty years at St. Clement's, Cambridge; B.D., 1578; chosen by Sir Walter Mildmay, the founder, to be master of Emmanuel College, 1584; a member of the Hampton Court conference, 1604; one of the translators of the authorised version, 1607-11; D.D., 1613; resigned mastership, 1622.
  491. ^ William Chaderton, Chadderton, or Chatterton (1540?–1608), bishop of Chester and of Lincoln; born in Manchester; B.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1558; fellow of Christ's College, 1558; B.D., 1566; D.D., 1568; a disputant at Elizabeth's visit; agent in Cambridge for Sir William Cecil and Leicester; Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1667-9; president of Queens' College (by court pressure), 1568-79; regius professor of divinity, 1569-80; opposed the Cambridge puritans; prebendary of York, 1574, and of Westminster, 1576; warden of Manchester College, 1580; rector of Bangor; bishop of Chester, 1579-95, carrying out court orders to suppress popery and puritaniam; translated to Lincoln, 1595, where he repressed popish recusancy.
  492. ^ Sir Henry Ducie Chads (1788?–1868), admiral; served in the Mediterranean, 1803-6; lieutenant, 1806; took part in operations leading to the capture of Mauritius, 1810; taken prisoner by the American frigate Constitution, 1812; released, 1813; served in West Indies, 1813-15; served in Burmah, 1823-7; commanded ship In East Indies, 1834-45; head of the naval gunnery school at Portsmouth, 1845-53; rear-admiral in the Baltic, 1864-6: K.G.B., 1885; admiral, 1863.
  493. ^ Sir Edwin Chadwick (1800–1890), sanitary reformer; called to bar at Inner Temple, 1830; published, 1829, article on Preventive Police in London Review,* which gained him the admiration and friendship of Jeremy Bentham; assistant commissioner for poor-law, 1832; chief commissioner, 1833; on royal commission to Investigate condition of factory children, 1833; secretary to new poor-law commissioners, 1834-46; member of sanitary commission, 1839 and 1844; C.B., 1848; member ot board of health, 1848-54; presented separate system which was adopted for drainage of Cawnpore, 1871; knighted, 1889; published numerous pamphlets, reports, and papers.
  494. ^ James Chadwick (1813–1882), Roman catholic prelate; born at Drogheda; educated at Ushaw; missionary priest in the north of England; professor at Ushaw; bishop of Hexham, 1866; published devotional tracts.
  495. ^ Richard Chaffers (1731–1762), set up pottery fabric for blue and white earthenware at Liverpool, 1758, and became rival of Wedgwood.
  496. ^ William Chaffers (1811–1892), authority on old plate and pottery; educated at Merchant Taylors School; F.S.A., 1843; published Hall Marks on Gold and Silver Plate 1863, andMarks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain 1863.
  497. ^ William Chafy (1779–1843), benefactor of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; entered King's School, Canterbury, 1788; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, 1800; fellow, 1801; B.D., 1810; master of Sidney Sussex College, 18181843; D.D., 1813; king's chaplain.
  498. ^ William Chaigneau (1709–1781), author of Jack Connor an Irish novel, 1752, and of a farce; served in Flanders; army agent in Dublin.
  499. ^ Sir James Jell Chalk (1803–1878), secretary to the ecclesiastical commission; entered the ecclesiastical commission office, 1836; secretary, 1849-71; barrister of the Middle Temple, 1839; knighted, 1871.
  500. ^ John Chalkhill (fl. 1600), poet; author of a pastoral, Thealma and Clearchus, published, 1683, by Izaak Walton, who knew him in youth.
  501. ^ Thomas Chalkley (1676–1741), quaker ; son of a Southwark tradesman; preached In the south of England, in Scotland, 1697, and in Virginia, 1698; emigrated to Philadelphia, 1700; visited Barbados, 1701; visited Great Britain, Holland, and Germany, 1707-10; travelled In America as a preacher, 1712-18; visited Barbados, 1735; died at the Virgin Islands; published pamphlets, and an autobiography.
  502. ^ Annie Emma Challice (1821–1875), author of tales and historical sketches, 1847-73: nee Armstrong; married John Challice.
  503. ^ John Challice (1815–1863), physician; M.D. Edinburgh: medical officer of health at Batternea; published tracts on sanitary questions, 1848-56.
  504. ^ Mrs Hannah Challinor (fl. 1670). See Woolley.
  505. ^ James Challis (1803–1882), astronomer ; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1821; senior wrangler, 1825; fellow, 1826-31: rector of Papworth Everard, Cambridgeshire, 1830-52; Plumian professor of astronomy, 1836-82; director of Cambridge observatory, 1836-61: observed Neptune, without knowing it, 4 Aug. 1846; published 'Astronomical Observations made at... Cambridge 1832-64: published his theory of physical forces, 1869: published his astronomical lectures, 1879; wrote on scriptural and educational topics.
  506. ^ Richard Challoner (1691–1781), Roman catholic prelate: son of a Sussex dissenter; befriended by Roman catholic squires; studied at Douay, 1704; priest, 1716; B.D., 1719; D.D., 1727; professor of philosophy, 1713-20; vice-president and professor of divinity, 17201730; mlssloner In London, 1730; entered into controversy with Bishop Conyers Middleton, 1737; titular bishop of Debra and coadjutor in London, 1741; bishop in charge of the London district, 1758-81; published Memoirs of... Priests... that have suffered Death in England, 1577-1684 1741-2, Britannia Sancta; Lives of... Sainte 1745, the bible in English for Roman catholics, 1749-50, and numerous devotional and controversial tracts, 1706-67.
  507. ^ Alexander Chalmers (1759–1834), miscellaneous writer; son of a printer; educated at Aberdeen; M.A.; journalist in London, 1777-1834; F.S.A., 1805; a voluminous editor of English prose-writers and poets; author of biographies; published History of the Colleges of Oxford 1810, and The General Biographical Dictionary 1812-17.
  508. ^ David Chalmers or Chambers (1530?–1592).
  509. ^ Sir George Chalmers (d. 1791), portraitpainter; born in Edinburgh of a family which had lost estates by forfeiture; travelled; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1775-90.
  510. ^ George Chalmers (1742–1825), Scottish antiquary; educated at Aberdeen and Edinburgh; emigrated; lawyer at Baltimore; settled in London, 1775; published pamphlets on the American colonies, 1777-82; government clerk, 1786: published biographies of De Foe and Tom Paine; edited Scottish poets and wrote numerous Scottish biographies; his chief work, Caledonia: an account of... North Britain 1807-24.
  511. ^ George Paul Chalmers (1836–1878), painter ; a shopman; studied art at Edinburgh; exhibited in London, 1863-76; murdered by thieves in Edinburgh.
  512. ^ James Chalmers (1782–1853), post-office reformer; bookseller and newspaper publisher in Dundee; advocated accelerated mail service, 1825; suggested an adhesive stamp, 1834; promulgated this plan, 1837.
  513. ^ Sir John Chalmers (1756–1818), major-general ; ensign in Madras, 1775; lieutenant, 1780; defended Coimbatoor, June-November 1791; captain, 1792; majorgeneral, 1812; K.O.B., 1814; held command In India, 1803-18; died at sea.
  514. ^ Patrick Chalmers (1802–1854), Scottish antiquary; of Queen's College, Oxford, 1818; captain of dragoons; retired to Auldbar, 1826; M.P. for Montrose burghs, 1836-42; published antiquarian papers; author of Ancient Sculptured Monuments... of Angus 1848; died at Rome.
  515. ^ Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847), theologian; educated at St. Andrews; minister of Kilmeny, Fife, 1803-16; lectured on chemistry at St. Andrews; minister of Tron parish, Glasgow, 1816-90, and of St. John's, Glasgow, 1820-3; D.D. Glasgow, 1816; visited London, 1817; professor of moral philosophy, St. Andrews, 1823-8,- professor of divinity, Edinburgh, 1828-43; lectured in London, 1838; an active pioneer of the movement which led to the disruption of the Scottish Established church and to the formation of the Free church, 1843; devised the sustentation fund of the newly founded Free church; principal and divinity professor of the Free Church College, Edinburgh, 1843-7; advocated home missions; author of theological, philosophical, expository, and devotional treatises, from 1813.
  516. ^ W. A, Chalmers (fl. 1798), water-colour painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1790-8.
  517. ^ Sir William Chalmers (1787–1860), lieutenant-general; lieutenant, 1803; served in Sicily, 1806-7; captain, 1807; served in Portugal, 1808, at Walcheren, 1809, in the Peninsula, 1810-13, in Belgium, 1816, at Waterloo, 1815, and in France, 1815-17; major-general, 1846; knighted, 1848; lieutenant-general, 1854.
  518. ^ Alfred Edward Chalon (1780–1860), portrait and subject painter; born in Geneva; studied art in London, 1797; exhibited, 1810-57.
  519. ^ John James Chalon (1778–1854), landscape and genre painter; born in Geneva; studied art in London, 1796; exhibited, 1806-44.
  520. ^ James Chaloner (1603–1660), regicide; fourth son of Sir Thomas Chaloner the younger; of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1617; of the Middle Temple, 1619; M.P., Aldborough, Yorkshire, 1645-53; parliamentary commissioner in the Isle of Man, 1652; governor of Man, 1658; imprisoned by the army in Peel Castle, 1659.
  521. ^ Richard Chaloner (d. 1643), linen draper, of London; hanged for share in Edmund Waller's royalist plot, 1643.
  522. ^ Sir Thomas Chaloner, the elder (1521–1565), diplomatist; son of a London mercer; attached to the embassy to Spain, 1540-1; clerk to the privy council; served in Scotland and was knighted, 1547; granted Guisborough priory lands, Yorkshire, 1550, Steeple Claydon, Buckinghamshire, 1557, and other lands, 1553-61; envoy to Scotland, 1551-2, to France, 1653, to Scotland, 1556, to the emperor, 1559, the Spanish Netherlands, 1559-60, and Spain, 1561-4; wrote Latin verses (published, 1579); published translations from the Latin.
  523. ^ Sir Thomas Chaloner , the younger (1561–1615), naturalist; only son of Sir Thomas Chaloner the elder; entered Magdalen College, Oxford, 1579; B.A. Magdalen Hall, 1582; travelled, 1580; served in France and was knighted, 1591; in Italy, 1596-7; opened alum mines on his Yorkshire estate, 1600; envoy to Scotland; accompanied James VI of Scotland to England; governor of Prince Henry, 1603, and his chamberlain, 1610; benefactor of St. Bees School.
  524. ^ Thomas Chaloner (1596–1661), regicide ; third son of Sir Thomas Ohaloner the younger; of Exeter College, Oxford, 1611; travelled; incensed with Charles I for confiscating his Yorkshire alum mines; M.P. for Richmond, Yorkshire, 1645-53; commissioner in Munster, 1647; one of Charles I's judges; councillor of state, 1651; M.P., Scarborough, 1659; excluded from pardon, 1660; died in Holland.
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