Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 21

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 21 running from name Garnett to name Gloucester.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 21 Garnett - Gloucester. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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^ Arthur William Garnett (1829–1861), engineer; younger son of William Garnett; entered ! Bengal engineers, 1846; wounded at Mooltan, 1849: held fords of the Chenab at Goojerat, 1849; designed forts on Afghan frontier; buried in Calcutta Cathedral,
^ Henry Garnett (1555–1606), Jesuit; educated ' at Winchester, 1567; two years corrector of the press to ! Tottel the law printer; went to Spain and Italy; jesiiit novice, 1575; professor of Hebrew in the college at Rome: superior of the English province, 1587-1606; professed of the four vows, 1598; accused of c-oniplicity in Gunpowder plot; arrested after three dayssearch at Hindlip Hall: imprisoned in the Tower; twenty-three times examined before the privy council; condemned on his admission of conversations with Oatesby, and executed; published a translation, with supplements, of Summa Cauisii (1590), 'A Treatise on Schism and other theological works.
^ Jeremiah Garnett (1793–1870), journalist; brother of Richard Garnett; co-founder of the 'Manchester Guardian 1821; sole editor, 1844-61; obtained defeat of Milner Gibson and John Bright, 1857.
^ John Garnett (1709–1782), bishop of Clogher ; fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1732; bishop of Ferns, 1752-8, of Clogher, 1758; patron of Philip Skelton; published Dissertation on Job 1749.
^ John Garnett (d. 1813), dean of Exeter, 1810 ; son of John Garnett (1709-1782)
^ Richard Garnett (1789–1850), philologist; became priest-vicar of Lichfield Cathedral, 1829; incumbent of Chebsey, near Stafford, 1836-8; assistant-keeper of printed books, British Museum, 1838; his philological essays edited by his eldest son, 1859.
^ Thomas Garnett (1575–1608), Jesuit; nephew of Henry Garnett; Jesuit, 1604; imprisoned in the Tower and banished for life, 1606; executed on his return.
^ Thomas Garnett (1766–1802), physician and natural philosopher; M.D. Edinburgh, 1788; practised at Bradford, Knaresborough, and Harrogate; published first analysis of Harrogate waters; professor of natural philosophy at Anderson's Institution, Glasgow, of natural philosophy and chemistry at Royal Institution, 1799-1801; anticipated modern theory of a quasi-intelllgence In plants; published Highland Tour 1800; his Zoonomia published, 1804.
^ Thomas Garnett (1799–1878), naturalist; brother of Richard and Jeremiah Garnett; wrote on pisciculture and experimented with guano; his papers privately printed, 1883.
^ William Garnett (1793–1873), civil servant; deputy-registrar and registrar of land tax, 1819-41; inspector-general of stamps and taxes, 1842; published Guide to Property and Income Tax
^ Christopher Garneys or Garnysshe (d. 1534), chief porter of Calais, 1526-34; favourite of Henry VIII, who knighted him at Tournay, 1513.
^ Garnier or Warner (fl. 1106). See Warner
^ Thomas Garnier, the younger (1809–1863), dean of Lincoln; of Winchester and Worcester College, Oxford: B.A., 1830; fellow of All Souls, 1830: B.O.L., 1833: chaplain of House of Commons, 1849; incumbent, Holy Trinity, Marylebone, 1850; dean of Ripon, 1859, of Lincoln, 1860; published sermons.
^ Thomas Garnier, the elder (1776–1873), dean of Winchester; educated at Winchester and Worcester College, Oxford; fellow of All Souls 1796; rector of Bishopstoke, 1807; D.O.L., 1860; dean of Winchester, 1840-72; friend of Palmerston.
^ Robert Garnock (d. 1681), covenanter ; executed for declining the king's authority; his head discovered in 1728; extracts from his autobiography contained in Howie's Biographia Scoticana and dying testimony in Cloud of Witnesses
^ George Garrard (1760–1826), animal painter and sculptor; pupil of Sawrey Gilpin; exhibited 'View of a Brewhouse Yard 1784, Sheep-shearing at Aston Clinton 1793; published description of British oxen, 1800; instrumental in obtaining act of 1798 securing copyright in works of plastic art: A.R.A., 1800.
^ Marcus Garrard (1561–1635). See Gheeraerts.
^ Sir Samuel Garrard (1650–1724), lord mayor of London; succeeded as baronet, 1700: sheriff of Loudon, 1701; lord mayor, 1709-10; M.P., Agmnndesham(Amersbam), 1702-14: master of the Grocers Company, 1710; president of Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals, 1720.
^ Thomas Garrard (1787–1869), biographer ; Insurer of Bristol, 1836-56; published life of Edward Colston, 1852.
^ Sir Henry Garraway (1576–1646), lord mayor of London; governor of Greenland, Russia, and Turkey companies, 1639; master of the DrapersCompany, 1627 and 1639; sheriff of London, 1627; lord mayor of London, 1639; knighted, 1640; assisted the king to raise money in the city; expelled from court of aldermen for royalism, 1643; imprisoned; his speech (1642) in answer to Pvm's address to the citizens frequently reprinted.
^ Jeremiah Learnoult Garrett (. 1809), dissenting minister; preached in the fields near London; laid foundation-stone of Islington Chapel, 1788; ejected for heresy from Lady Huntingdon's connexion; carried on controversies with Joanna Southcott and William Huntingtou; published Songs of Sion and other works.
^ Sir Robert Garrett (1794–1869), lieutenant-general; educated at Harrow; ensign, 2nd queen's foot, 1811; wounded at Salamanca, 1812; severely wounded in the Pyrenees, 1814; lieutenant-colonel, 1846; led 46th foot in the Crimea, where he commanded first a brigade and subsequently the 4th division: brigadier in China, 1857; lieutenant-general, 1866; K.O.B.
^ David Garrick (1717–1779), actor ; Dr. Johnson's first pupil at Edial; with him left Lichfield for London, 1737; started a wine business with his brother Peter; introduced by Johnson to Cave; wrote in the Gentleman's Magazine; his Lethe performed at Drury Lane, 1740; became attached to Margaret Peg Wofflngton , to whom he afterwards offered marriage; under name Lyddal made first appearance at Ipswich in 'Oroonoko 1741; made his reputation at Goodman's Fields inRichard III 1741; played Bayes and King Lear, 1742; highly successful at Dublin inHamletand "The Recruiting Officer 1742; at Drury Lane played Abel Drugger and other parts, but quarrelled with Macklin, 1742-3: acted Macbethas written by Shakespeare 1744, Sir John Brute Provoked Wife and Othello, 1744-5. played Paul conbridge and lago at Dublin, 1745; first appeared afOovent Garden in Shakespearean parts, 1746; joined Lacy in management of Drury Lane, 1747; played Benedick and Romeo (his own version), 1748, and Demetrius in Johnson'sMahomet and Irene 1749; his marriage resented by Mrs. Cibber, Quin, Mackliu. and Barry; with Miss Bellamy played Romeo and Lear against the same parts by Barry with Mrs. Cibber at Covent Garden, 1750; appeared as Kitely inEvery Man in his Humour 1751; rejoined by Mrs. Cibber and joined by Foote, 1754, when he produced his version of Taming of the Shrew and Goriolanus; threatened to retire from the stage in consequence of riots against French dancers, 1755; appeared in his adaptation of 'Winter's Tale 1756; played Don Felix inThe Wonder 1756; produced Foote's Author 1756; produced bis adaptation of Cymbeline 1761; Sciolto in theFair Penitent his last new part, 1763, during which season riots occurred at Drury Lane in consequence of alterations in prices; travelled with his wife in France and Italy, 1763-4; made free of theComedie Francaise: met Diderot, Beaumarchais, Marivaux, Marmontel, and Mlle. Clairon; reappearing at Drury Lane as Benedick, 1766, introduced the system of invisible lighting; produced The Clandestine Marriage written by himself and Oolman, 1766: produced hisPeep Behind the Curtain 1767; designed and carried out the Shakespeare jubilee at Stratford, 1769, and produced the Jubilee at Drury Lane; produced Cumberland'sWest Indianand Dryden'sKing Arthur 1770; produced his version of Hamlet 1772, and his Bon Ton, or High Life above Stairs 1775; made last appearance as Don Felix, 10 June 1776, selling moiety of his patent to Sheridan and two others for 36,0007.; wrote prologue to the School for Scandal and All the World's a Stage and prologue and epilogue for Fielding's Fathers; made a larger fortune than any actor except Alleyn; last actor buried in Westminster Abbey; hie poetical works publishul, 1785, his dramatic works (sixteen plays), L7ta Hi- portrait wa* painted by Reynolds, Hogarth, and Gainsborough.
^ Alfred Henry Garrod (1846–1879), zoologist ; studied at University College, Loudon; thrice won medical scholarship at King's College, London; senior in natural science tripos, Cambridge, 1K71; prosector of Cambridge Zoological Society, 1871; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1873; professor of comparative anatomy at King's College, London, 1874-9; Fullerian professor of physiology, Royal Institution, 1875; F.R.S., 1876; made important researches in the anatomy and myology of birds and ruminants; edited Bell's version of MUller on the vocal organs of passerines, and contributed to Cassell'sNatural History
^ Sir William Garrow (1760–1840), baron of the exchequer; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1783: made reputation by prosecution of Aikles for stealing bill of exchange, 1784; acted for Fox in Westminster scrutiny; K.O., 1793; M.P., Gatton, 1805, Callington, 1806, and Eye, 1812; solicitor-general. 1812; knighted, 1812; attorney-general, 1813; chief-justice of Chester, 1814; baron of exchequer, 1817-32; privy councillor, 1832.
^ Charles Brierley Garside (1818–1876), Roman catholic divine; educated at Manchester school; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1844; Anglican curate, 1842-50; graduated at the Collegio Romano, and was ordained Romanist priest, 1854; chaplain to Earl of Shrewsbury, 1855; afterwards assistant-priest in Chelsea and Oxford; died at Posilippo, Italy; published theological works.
^ Bernard Garter (fl. 1570), anti-papist poet ; published The tragicall and true historic which happened betweene two English lovers, 1563 1565, and A New Yeares Gifte 1679.
^ John Garth (. 1757), musical composer; adapted the First Fifty Psalms of Marcello to the English version, 1757-65.
^ Sir Samuel Garth (1661–1719), physician and poet; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1684; M.D., 1691; F.R.C.P., 1693; Gulstonian lecturer, 1694: Harveian orator, 1697: knighted, 1714; physician in ordinary to George I, and physician-general to the army; made a Latin oration over the body of Dryden as it lay in state at the College of Physicians, 1700; wrote much occasional verse, and was a member of the Kit Cat Club; ridiculed in his poem The Dispensary 1699, the opposition of the apothecaries and their allies to the scheme of out-patient rooms.
^ Maxwell Garthshore (1732–1812), physician ; M.D.Edinburgh, 1764; L.R.C.P., 1764; F.R.S. and F.S.A.: physician to British Lying-in Hospital; bore striking likeness to great Lord Chatham; provided for widow of John Hunter (1728-1793); published works on obstetrics.
^ William Garthshore (1764–1806), lord of the admiralty; son of Maxwell Garthshore: educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1789; private secretary to Dundas, 1794; M.P., Launceston, 1795, Weymouth, 1797-1806; a lord of the admiralty, 1801-4.
^ Edmund Garvey (d. 1813), landscape painter; exhibited at Dublin, the Free Society of Artists, and (17691808) at the Royal Academy; R.A., 1783.
^ John Garvey (1527–1595), archbishop of Armagh; graduated at Oxford; dean of Ferns, 1568, of Christ Church, Dublin, 1666; privy councillor of Ireland; bishop of Kilmore, 1685; archbishop of Armagh, 1589-96.
^ Sir Henry Garway (1575–1646). See Garraway.
^ Henri Gascar (1635-1701), portrait-painter; born at Paris; protégég of Louise de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth; in England, 1674: returned to France, 1680; died at Rome. His portraits include Charles II, the Duchesses of Portsmouth and Cleveland, and Nell Gwyn.
^ Sir Bernard Gascoigne (1614–1687), soldier and diplomatist: born at Florence; saw military service in Italy and Germany; originally named Bernardo or Bernardino Guasconi; captured parliamentarian officers in Cornwall, 1644; commanded a regiment of horse at Colchester, 1648; granted denization aa Sir Bernard Gascoigne, 1661; F.R.S., 1667; envoy to Vienna to negotiate marriage of Dnke of York with a daughter of the Archduke of Austria, 1672; his memoirs printed at Florence, 1886; his Description of Germany printed in Miscellanea Aulica 1702.
^ Sir Crisp Gascoigne (1700–1761). See Gascoyne.
^ George Gascoigne (1525?–1577), poet ; a descendant of Sir William Gascoigne (1350?-1419); educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; ancient of Gray's Inn, e. 1557; M.P., Bedford, 1557-9; his Supposes an adaptation of Ariosto's comedy, acted at Gray's Inn, 1566; married the mother of Nicholas Breton, c. 1566; M.P., Midhurst, 1572; went to Holland to avoid his creditors, 1572; saw military service in Holland, 1572-5; captured by the Spaniards; an unauthorised book of poems by him published in his absence; issued the Posies of G. Gascoigne, corrected, perfected, and augmented (1575), containing Jocasta the second earliest tragedy in English in blank verse, and Certayne Notes of Instruction concerning the making of verse or ryme in English the earliest English critical essay; published his tragicall comedie theGlasse of Government 1575; visited Kenilworth with Queen Elizabeth and Leicester, 1575; contributed to The Princelye Pleasures 1576. His other works include The Steele Glas (1576), The Droomme of Doomesday and the posthumously published Tale of Hemetes the heremyte in English, French, Latin, and Italian. He was praised by Meres, Nash, and other contemporaries.
^ John Gascoigne (fl. 1381), doctor of canon law at Oxford; signatory of the chancellor's condemnation of Wycliffe's views on the Sacrament, 1381; credited by Pits with authorship of a treatise, Contra Wiclevum.
^ Richard Gascoigne (1579–1661?), antiquary; B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1599; left books to Jesus College, Cambridge; compiled pedigrees of Gascoigne, Wentworth, and other families.
^ Richard Gascoigne (d. 1716), Jacobite; joined the rebels at Preston, 1715; captured and hanged at Tyburn.
^ Thomas Gascoigne (1403–1458), theologian; of Oriel College, Oxford; D.D., 1434; chancellor of the university, 1434, 1444, and frequently cancellarius natus and vice-chancellor; an active preacher and denouncer of lollardy, but zealous against pluralities and other ecclesiastical abuses; benefactor of Oriel, Balliol, and other colleges; his Dictionarium Theologicum (from which extracts were printed by J. E. T. Rogers, 1881) preserved at Lincoln College. Other works attributed to him include The Myroure of our Ladye (ed. Blunt, 1873), and a life of St. Bridget of Sweden.
^ Sir Thomas Gascoigne (1593?–1686), alleged conspirator; succeeded as baronet of Nova Scotia, 1637; endowed convent near Fountains Abbey, 1678; sent to the Tower on a charge of plotting with other members of his family to murder Charles II, 1679; acquitted, 1679; retired to his brother's monastery at Lambspring, Germany, where he died.
^ Sir William Gascoigne (1350?–1419), judge; reader at Gray's Inn; king's serjeant, 1397, and attorney to HerefordLancaster) on his banishment: chief-justice of king's bench, 1400; raised forces against Northumberland, 1403, and received the submission of his adherents 1406; probably a member of the court which tried them; improbably said to have refused to try Archbishop Scrope; ceased to be chief- justice soon after Henry V's accession; the story taken by Hall from Sir T. Elyot's Governour (1531) of his committing Henry V when Prince of Wales is without foundation.
^ William Gascoigne (1612?–1644), inventor of the micrometer; corresponded with Horrocks and Crabtree; his invention of the micrometer not published till Auzout's announcement (1666) of his own; killed on royalist side at Marston Moor.
^ Bamber Gascoigne (1725-1791), lord of the admiralty; eldest son of Sir Crisp Gaacoyne; M.I, Maiden, 1761-3, Midhurst, 1765-70, Weobly, 1770-4, Truro, 1774-84, Bossiney, 1784-6; receiver-general of customs.
^ Sir Crisp Gascoyne (1700–1761), lord mayor of London; master of the BrewersCompany, 1746-7; sheriff of London, 1747-8; passed in common council act for relief of city orphans, 1748; lord mayor, 1752-3; knighted, 1752; first mayor who occupied Mansion House; convicted alleged kidnappers of Elizabeth Canning, but afterwards proved her information to be false.
^ Isaac Gascoyne (1770–1841), general; third son of Bamber Gascoyne; served with Coldstream guards in Flanders, 1793-4, and commanded them in Ireland, 1798; major-general on the staff, 1802-8; general, 1819; M.P., Liverpool, 1802-30.
^ Sir Stephen Gaselee (1762–1839), judge ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1793; pupil of Sir Vicary Gibbs; went the western circuit; K.C., 1819; knighted, 1825; justice of common pleas, 1824-37; supposed original of Dickens's Justice Stareleigh.
^ Stephen Gaselee (1807–1883), serjeant-at-law ; son of Sir Stephen Gaselee; educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1832; barrister, Inner Temple, 1832; serjeant-at-law, 1840; M.P., Portsmouth, 1865-8.
^ Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (1810–1865), novelist; daughter of William Stevenson (1772-1829); brought up by her aunt at Knutsford, the original of Cranford; married William Gaskell, 1832; became intimate with the Hewitts, 1841; published Mary Barton anonymously, 1848; praised by Miss Edgeworth, Landor, Carlyle, and Bamford: attacked by W. R. Greg and others as hostile to employers; a guest of Dickens, with Carlyle and Thackeray, 1849; contributed toHousehold Wordsfrom 1850, when she also became acquainted with Charlotte Bronte; published Lifeof Charlotte Bronte, 1857, the first edition being withdrawn because some of its statements were challenged by persons concerned; became intimate with Madame Mohl, 1855; organised sewing-rooms during cotton famine of 1862; died suddenly. Her other works includeLizzie Leigh 1855,The Grey Woman 1865, My Lady Ludlow 1859 (republished as Round the Sofa 1871), Mr. Harrison's Confessions 1865,Ruth 1853, Cranford 1853,North and South 1855,Sylvia's Lovers 1863, and Wives and Daughters 1865. The first edition of her collected works appeared in 1873.
^ William Gaskell (1805–1884), Unitarian minister; M.A. Glasgow, 1824; junior minister of Cross Street Chapel, Manchester, 1828, senior, 1854; secretary to Manchester New College, 1840-6, professor of English history and literature, 1846-63, and chairman of committee from 1864; taught logic and literature at Owens College; hisLectures on the Lancashire Dialect(1844) appended to fifth edition of his wife's novel, Mary Barton see GASKELL, ELIZABETH CLEGHORN; some of his hymns included in Martineau's Hymns of Praise and Prayer (1874).
^ George Gaskin (1761–1829), divine ; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1778: D.D., 1788; for forty-six years lecturer in Islington; incumbent of St. Bennet, Gracechurch Street, and secretary S.P.C.K., 1791; rector of Stoke Newington, 1797; prebendary of Ely, 1822; edited Bishop Dehon's sermons.
^ Jan Baptist Gaspars (Jaspers) (1620?-1691), portrait-painter: native of Antwerp; worked for General Lambert; assisted Lely and Kneller, and became known as Lely's Baptist; painted portraits of Charles II and Hobbes, and etched Banquet of the Gods.
^ Thomas Gaspey (1788–1871), journalist and author: for sixteen years on the staff of the Morning Post for which he wrote Elegy on Marquis of Anglesey's Leg sub-editor of Courier; published novels and historical works.
^ John Peter Gassiot (1797–1877), scientific writer; chairman of Kew Observatory, which he helped to endow; founder of Royal Society Scientific Relief Fund; proved by experiments with Grove's cells that the static effect of a battery increases with its chemical action, 1844; proved with delicate micrometers the correctness of Grove's arguments against the contact theory, 1844; discovered stratification of electric dis,: 1852; F.R.S.
^ Luce de Gast (fl. 1190?), lord of the castle of Gast, near Salisbury; reputed author of the first part of the French poem, Tristan
^ Henry Gastineau (1791–1876), water-colour painter; member of Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1823; exhibited for fifty-eight years.
^ Francis Gastrell (1662–1726), bishop of Chester; educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1687: D.D., 1700; carried on a controversy with Sherlock on the Trinity, 1696-8; Boyle lecturer, 1697; chaplain to Harley, when speaker, 1700; canon of Christ Church, 1702; queen's chaplain, 1711; bishop of Chester, 1714; published, among other works, Christian Institutes, 1 1707, and Historical Notices of the Diocese of Chester
^ Thomas Gatacre (d. 1593), divine : educated at Oxford and Magdalene College, Cambridge; student, Middle Temple, c. 1553; domestic chaplain to Leicester; rector of St. Edmund's, Lombard Street, 1572.
^ Charles Gataker (1614?–1680), divine : M,U of Thomas Gataker; educated at St. Paul's School; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1636; chaplain to Falkland and roctor of Hoggeston, Buckinghamshire; published works, including Animadversions on Bull's Harmonia Apostolica andExamination of the Case of the Quakers concerning Oaths 1675.
^ Thomas Gataker (1574–1654), puritan divine and critic; son of Thomas Gatacre: scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow of Sidney Sussex College, 1696; B.D., 1603; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge; lecturer at Lincoln's Inn, 1601; rector of Rotherhithe, 1611; active member of the Westminster Assembly; favoured a mixture of prelacy and presbyterianism; signed address against Charles I's trial; published, besides controversial works and life of William Bradshaw, Marci Antonini de Rebus Suis 1652 (Greek text with Latin version and commentary), and commentaries on Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations.
^ Bernard Gates (1685?–1773), musician; master of children of the Chapel Royal; member of Westminster Abbey choir and of Academy of Vocal Music; sang air in Dettingen Te Deum 1743; Handel's Esther performed at his house, 1732.
^ Horatio Gates (1728–1806), major-general in United States service: served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick; captain, 1764; served at Fort Duquesne, 1755, Fort Pitt, 1760, and Martinique, 1762; major, 1762; in Ireland, 1768-9; retired from service and returned to obedience, 1643; minister In Jersey and chaplain to Sir Edward Hyde, 1647: D.D., 1660; vii-ar of l'l mouth, 1W1, but never had possession; died of the p urate of Yarmouth.
^ Sir John Gates (1504?–1553), statesman ; accompanied Henry VIII to Lincolnshire, 1536; received valu-; able grants in Essex for confidential services; K.B., 1547; privy councillor and vice-chamberlain, 1551; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1552; executed as a partisan of Northumberland.
^ Sir Thomas Gates (fl. 1596–1621), governor of Virginia; knighted for service in Cadiz expedition, 1596; served in Netherlands, 1604-8; sailed for Virginia as lieutenant-general of the Colonisation Company, 1609; wrecked off the Bermudas; governor, 1611-14, organising the colony; supposed to have died in East Indies: Jourdan's and Purchas's accounts of his adventures in the Bermudas probably groundwork of the Tempest
^ Lionel Gatford (d. 1665), royalist divine ;'fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge: M.A., 1625; B.D., 1633; vicar of St. Clement's, Cambridge, 1631; rector of Dennington, 1637; arrested at Cambridge and imprisoned in. Ely House, Holborn, for an unpublished work on passive
^ Alfred Gatley (1816–1883), sculptor : his 'Hebe' purchased by Art Union; exhibited busts of Epartero, 1846, Archbishop Sumner, 1848, and S. Christie-Miller, 1850, and executed that of Hooker in the Temple Chun-h after 1862 lived at Rome, where he dial; his bas-relief, * Overthrow of Pharaoh statues of Echo and Night and marble statuettes of animals exhibited at International Exhibition, 1862.
^ James Gatliff (1766–1831), divine: educated at Manchester grammar school: perpetual curate of Gorton, Manchester; edited, with life, Wogan's Essay on the Proper Lessons 1818; imprisoned for debt and sequestrated; issued apologetic pamphlet with eccentric title, 1820.
^ Henry Gattie (1774–1844), actor ; appeared at Bath in vocal characters and old men's parts, 1807-12at Drury Lane. 1813-33; his best part*, Morbleu in Monsieur Tonson and Dr. Caius in Merry Wives
^ Margaret Gatty (1807–1873), writer "for children; daughter of Alexander John Scott, whose life she and her husband published, 1842; married Alfred Gatty, D.D., 1839; established Aunt Judy's Magazine 1866: published Parables from Nature 1855-71, Aunt Judy's Tales 1859, and Aunt Judy's Letters
^ John Gau (1493?–1553?), translator; M.A. St. Andrews, 1511; published in Sweden Richt Vay to the Kingdome of Hevine (translation from Christiern Pedersen), 1533, the earliest protestant work in Scottish prose; prebendary of church of Our Lady, Copenhagen.
^ John Gauden (1605–1662), bishop of Worcester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1626; entered Wadham College, Oxford; D.D., 1641; vicar of Chippenham and chaplain to Robert Rich, earl of Warwick, 1640; dean of Bocking, 1641; shuffled out of the Westminster Assembly for episcopalianism; retained benefices during the Commonwealth; wrote against the Army and the Civil Marriage Act and in defence of the church of England; published Ecclesiae Anglicanae Suspiria 1659; bishop of Exeter, 1660-2; wrote treatises against the covenanters, 1660-1; edited Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity 1662; bishop of Worcester, 1662; claimed the authorship of Eiieiav 3ariAit7j; the Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes aud Sufferings attributed by royalist writers and Bishop Christopher Wordsworth to Charles I. Gauden's claim was apparently admitted at the Restoration.
^ Thomas Gaugain (1748–1810?), stipple engraver, native of Abbeville; exhibited paintings at Royal AcaAmenca, 1769; adjutant-general and brigadier in Ameri- demy, 1778-82; executed numerous engravings after can army on outbreak of war, 1775; major-general and: Reynolds, Northcote, Morland, Maria Cos way, and Nolle kens's bust of Fox.
^ John Gaule (fl. 1660), divine; studied at Oxford and Cambridge; chaplain to Lord Camden, 1629; vicar of Great Staughton, 1646; published numerous theological works, including Select Cases of Conscience touching Witches(1646).
^ Elizabeth Gaunt (d. 1685), the last woman executed for a political offence; burnt at Tyburn for treason in sheltering Burton, a Rye-house conspirator and adherent of Monmouth. commander of northern army serving in Canada, 1776; defeated Burgoyne at Bemua Heights, and forced him to surrender at Saratoga, 1777; president of board of war and ordnance, 1777: defeated at Camden, South Carolina, 1780;: superseded in the command, 1780.
^ Gat NT, JOHN OF, DUKE OF LANCASTKR (1340-1399). See John.
^ Maurice de Gaunt or Gant (or Paynell) (1184?-1230), baron of Leeds; granted charter to burgesses of Leeds, 1208; joined insurgent barons, 1216; captured at Lincoln, 1217; paid scutage for lands in eight counties, 1223; justice itinerant for Herefordshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Devonshire, Hampshire, and Berkshire, 1227; died in Brittany.
^ Simon de Gaunt (d. 1315). See Ghent.
^ Henry Gauntlett (1762-1833), divine; vicar of Olney, 1816-33, and friend of Rowland Hill; published Exposition of the Book of Revelation 1821.
^ Henry John Gauntlett (1805–1876), organist and composer; son of Henry Gauutlett; played the organ at Olney as a child: organist at St. Olave's, Southwark, 1827-46, at Union chapel, Islington, 1853-61, and St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, 1872-6; introduced enlarged organs on the Haarlem model; patented electrical-action apparatus, 1852; created Mns.Doc. by Archbishop Howley, 1842; played the Elijah at Birmingham, 1846: edited Musical World contributing Characteristics of Beethoven and other papers; composed St. Alphege St. Albinus St. George and other hymn-tunes and chants, The Song of the Soul and Notes, Queries, and Exercises in Science and Practice of Music 1859. 'Encyclopaedia of the Chant first published, 1885, was largely his work.
^ Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall (d. 1312), favourite and foster-brother of Edward II; banished by Edward I, 1307, but recalled and created an earl on accession of Edward II: betrothed to sister of the Earl of Gloucester; having offended the barons by his conduct at the coronation was banished, but made lieutenant of Ireland, 1308: recalled, 1309; gave fresh offence by insolence and extravagance; accompanied Edward to Scotland, 1310-11: his banishment again demanded by lords ordainers, 1311; returned secretly from Bruges and joined the king at York; surrendered conditionally to Pembroke at Scarborough; kidnapped by Warwick and executed on Blacklow Hill in presence of Lancaster and other barons.
^ Antonio Gavin (fl. 1726), author of ' A Master Key to Popery; M.A. Saragossa; having become a protestant, escaped from Spain to London, and was entertained by Lord Stanhope; officiated as a minister in London and afterwards in Ireland, where hisMasterKey containing mendacious revelations, appeared in 1724.
^ Robert Gavin (1827–1883), painter; exhibited popular landscapes at the Scottish Academy; A.R.S.A., 1854; travelled in America and Morocco, and lived some years at Tangier; R.S.A., 1879.
^ Sir John Gawdie (1639–1699). See Gawdy.
^ Framlingham Gawdy (1589–1654), parliamentary reporter; M.P., Thetford, 1620-1, 1623-4, 1625-6, and 1640; hisNotes of what passed in Parliament, 1641, 1642 preserved in British Museum.
^ Sir Francis Gawdy (d. 1606), chief-justice of common pleas; half-brother of Sir Thomas Gawdy; treasurer of the Inner Temple, 1571; M.P., Morpeth, 1571; serjeant-at-law, 1577; as queen's serjeant, 1582, took part in proceedings against Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheringay, and those against William Davison (1541?-1608); justice of queen's bench, 1589; knighted, 1603; member of the courts which tried Essex and Ralegh; chief-justice of common pleas, 1605.
^ Sir John Gawdy (1639–1699), painter; grandson of Framlingham Gawdy; succeeded to baronetcy, 1666.
^ Sir Thomas Gawdy (d. 1589), judge ; bencher, Inner Temple, 1551; master of requests, 1551; M.P., Arundel, 1653; treasurer of Inner Temple, 1561; serjeantat-law, 1567: justice of the queen's bench, 1574; knighted, 1579; president of commission to determine fishing rights of Yarmouth and the Cinque ports, 1575; member of the courts which tried Dr. Parry, 1585, William Shelley, 1586, Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheriugay, and the Earl of Arundel, 1589.
^ Thomas Gawen (1612–1684), Roman catholic writer; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1632; M.A.; met Milton at Rome; prebendary of Winchester, 1645; rector of Bishopstoke, 1660; having become a Romanist, withdrew to France, being admitted to Henrietta Maria's household; devotional works, published, 1686.
^ George Gawler (1796–1869), governor of South Australia; served with 52nd foot in the Peninsula (being twice wounded) and at Waterloo; governor of South Australia, 1*38-41.
^ William Gawler (1750–1809), organist and composer; published collections for piano or harpsichord, with instructions, 1780, Hannonia Sacra 1781, and other compositions.
^ John Gay (1685–1732), poet and dramatist ; apprenticed to a London mercer; afterwards lived as a private gentleman; his first poem. Wine." ili'iiyin_r possibility of successful authorship to water-drinken, possibly published in 1708; published Present State of Wit 1711; secretary to the Duchess of Moumouth, 1712-14; issued Rural Sports 1713; contributed (1713) to Steele's 'Guardian andPoetical Miscellanies; hisShepherd's Week (satirical eclogues directed against Ambrose Philips), dedicated to Bolingbroke, 1714; accompanied Lord Clarendon to Hanover as secretary, 1714; his first play, What-d'ye Call it acted at Drury Lane and published, 1715; assisted by Swift in the poem 'Trivia 1716, and by Pope and Arbuthuot inThree Hours after Marriage acted 1717; accompanied William Pulteney to Aix, 1717; issued Poems 1720, with subscriptions from Burlington, Chandos, and other noble patrons; lost a fortune in South Sea funds; patronised by the Duke and Duchess of. Queeusberry Kitty); lottery commissioner, 1722-31; offered post of gentleman usher to the Princess Louisa, 1727; his Captives acted at Drury Lane, 1724; the first series of his Fables issued, 1727; his Beggar's Opera played for two seasons at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1728, and throughout the British Isles, making much sensation, while its sequel, Polly though prohibited (1728) by the court from being acted, was also published with great success; wrote the libretto for Handel's Acis and Galatea 1732, and Achilles an opera produced at Covent Garden, 1733; the second series of Fables (1738), his principal posthumous work. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ John Gay (1699–1745), philosophical writer; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. 1725; fellow, 1724-32; vicar of Wilshampstead, Bedfordshire, 1732-45; prefixed to the translation by Edmund Law of the archbishop of Dublin's Essay on the Origin of Evil 1731, a Preliminary Dissertation on utilitarian lines.
^ John Gay (1813– c. 1834); surgeon to Royal Free Hospital, 1836, and Great Northern, 1856-85; published medical works, including treatise On Femoral Rupture 1848.
^ Joseph Gay (pseudonym) (1680?–1738). See John Durant Breval.
^ Arthur Edward Gayer (1801–1877), Irish ecclesiastical commissioner for Ireland, 1859-69; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1823; LL.D., 1830; called to Irish bar, 1827; Q.O., 1844; chancellor of Ossory, 1848, and of Meath and other dioceses, 1851. His works include The Catholic Layman 1862, and Memoirs of Family of Gayer 1870.
^ Sir John Gayer (d. 1649), lord mayor of London; warden of Fishmongers Company, 1638; prominent director of East India Company; as sheriff of London, 1635, enforced ship-money; knighted, 1641; lord mayor, 1646; impeached for abetting riots against compulsory militia service, 1647-8; president of Christ's Hospital, 1648; benefactor of Christ's Hospital.
^ Sir John Gayer (d. 1711?), governor of Bombay ; nephew of Sir John Gayer (d. 1649); received freedom of East India Company, 1682; knighted, 1693; governor of Bombay under Sir John Goldsborough, 1693; chief governor on death of latter, 1694; arrested, 1700, and confined several years at Surat, at the instance of Sir Nicholas Waite, representative of the New East India Company; died at Bombay soon after his release.
^ William de Gaynesburgh (d. 1307). See William Gainsborough.
^ Clark Gayton (1720?–1787?), admiral; commanded the St. George at the attack on Martinique and the reduction of Guadeloupe, 1759; commander on Jamaica station, 1774-8; rear-admiral, 1770; admiral, 1782.
^ Edmund Gayton (1608–1666) author; educated at Merchant Taylors School; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1633; fellow; adopted as a son by Ben Jonson: expelled from post of superior beadle in arts at Oxford by parliamentary visitors, 1648; lived in great pecuniary distress in London; published, among other works, Festivous Notes on... Don Quixote 1654, in prose and verse.
^ Richard Gaywood (fl. 1650–1680), engraver and etcher; pupil of Wenceslaus Hollar and friend of Francis Barlow.
^ Allan Geare (1622–1662), nonconformist; M.A. Leyden, 1G51; incorporated at Oxford; successively minister of St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf, chaplain to the Earl of Bedford, and minister of St. Saviour's, Dartmouth: ejected, 1662.
^ Sir Francis Geary (1710?–1796), admiral; entered navy, 1727; while commanding the Chester captured several French and Spanish ships, 1743-5; rearadmiral, 1759; commander of Portsmouth, 1770: admiral of the blue, 1775, of the white, 1778; created baronet, 1782.
^ William Ged (1690–1749), inventor of stereotyping; patented development of Van der Mey's method, 1725; made successful experiments, but was foiled in London by the dishonesty of his partner and the jealousy of the trade: returned to Edinburgh, and published in 1744 his stereotyped Sallust; died in poverty,
^ Alexander Geddes (1737–1802), biblical critic; studied at Scalan and Paris; priest of Auchinhalrig and Preshome, Banffshire, 1769-79; made literary reputation by his verse translation of Horace's Satires 1779; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1780: suspended for attending a presbyterian service and hunting; while officiating at the imperial ambassador's chapel in London received from Lord Petre the means to prosecute his scheme for a revised catholic version of the bible; encouraged by Kennicott and Bishop Lowth; issued General Answer to Queries, Counsels, and Criticisms 1790; published the historical books of the Old Testament and Ruth 1792, 1797, and Critical Remarks on the Hebrew Scriptures 1800, the rationalistic character of which caused their prohibition and the author's suspension from ecclesiastical functions; his orthodoxy defended by Charles Butler (1750-1832); maintained that the Divinity of Jesus Christ was a primitive tenet of Christianity, 1787; published miscellaneous works.
^ Andrew Geddes (1783–1844), painter ; educated at Edinburgh; exhibited at Royal Academy after 1806; A.R.A., 1832; in Italy. 1828-31: painted chiefly portraits; excelled as an etcher of portraits, landscapes, and copies of old masters.
^ James Geddes (d. 1748?), advocate ; published Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the Ancients, particularly Plato 1748.
^ Jenny Geddes (fl. 1637?), supposed name of the woman who threw a stool at the head of Bishop Lindsay when attempting to read Laud's service-book in St. Giles's, Edinburgh. Her real name is a very open question.
^ John Geddes (1735–1799), Roman catholic bishop; educated at the Scots College, Rome; superior of Scalan, 1762-7, of Semple's College in Spain, 1770-9: coadjutor of the Lowlands, with title of Bishop of Morocco, 1779-97; published,Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland and Treatise against Duelling.
^ Michael Geddes (1650?–1713), divine; M.A. Edinburgh, 1668; incorporated at Oxford, 1671; one of the first four Scottish students at Balliol College, Oxford, 1672; chaplain to English factory at Lisbon, 16781688; chancellor of Salisbury, 1691; created LL.D. by Archbishop Tenison, 1695; translated Portuguese and Spanish works.
^ William Geddes (1600?–1694), presbyterian divine and author; graduated at Aberdeen, 1650; minister at Wick and Drquhart; published The Saint's Recreation
^ Sir William Duguid Geddes (1828–1900), Greek scholar; M.A. University and King's Colleges, Aberdeen, 1846; rector of Aberdeen grammar school, 1853; professor of Greek at University and King's College, 1855, and in united university, 1860-85; principal and vice-chancellor of Aberdeen, 1885; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1876; knighted, 1892; published, among other works, an edition of Plato's Phaedo 1863.
^ John Dury Geden (1822–1886), Wesleyan ; educated at Kiugswood and Richmond College; joint-editor of London Quarterly Review (established 1853;; member of legal lumclr.,1, I.-MJH: lion. D.D. St. Andrews, 1885; Feruley lecturer, 1874; one of the Old Testament revisers.
^ Sydney Gedge (1802–1883), divine V.ASt. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 1824; fellow, 1826; second master of King Edward's School, Birmingham, 1835-59; vicur of All Saints Northampton, 1859-76; active supporter of Church Missionary Society.
^ John Gedy (fl. 1370), abbot of Arbroath ; agreed to make a harbour for the burgh, 1394. Southey's story that he placed a bell on the Bell Rock to warn sailors of the dangerous nature of the coast is not supported by evidence.
^ Edward Gee (1565–1618), divine ; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1588; M.A., 1590; D.D., 1616; chaplain to James I and fellow of Chelsea College: prebendary of Exeter, 1616.
^ Edward Gee (1613–1660), presbyterian divine; nephew of Edward Gee (1565-1618); M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1636; rector of Ecclwton, 1643, by choice of the people; prominent member of the Lancashire presbytery; author of A Treatise of Prayer(1653) and The Divine Right and Originall of Civil Magistrates (1658).
^ Edward Gee (1657–1730), dean of Lincoln; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1683: D.D., after 1701; rector of St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, and chaplain to William III, 1688; prebendary of Westminster and incumbent of St. Margaret's, 1701; dean of Lincoln, 1722-30; published protestaut pamphlets, 1687-9.
^ John Gee (1596–1639), anti-catholic writer; nephew of Edward Gee (1565-1618); M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1621; beneficed at Newton, 1622, and afterwards at Tenterden; for a short time a Romanist; published on reconversion The Foot out of the Snare(1624) and similar works.
^ Sir Orlando Gee (1619–1705), registrar of court of admiralty, 1660; brother of John Gee, benefactor of Isleworth Church.
^ Thomas Geeran or Guerin (d. 1871), reputed centenarian; his case discredited by W. J. Thorns, F.S.A.
^ Sir Robert Geffrey (1613–1703), lord mayor of London; master of IronmongersCompany, 1667, 1685, 1688; sheriff of London, 1673 knighted, 1673; lord mayor, 1685; president of Bethlehem and Bridewell, 1693; founded school at Landrake; almshouses in Kingsland Road, London, erected from his bequests.
^ Walter Geikie (1795–1837), painter and draughtsman; a deaf mute from infancy; educated under Thomas Braidwood; exhibited at Scottish Academy from 1827; R.S.A., 1834; published Etchings Illustrative of Scottish Character and Scenery 1833.
^ Gelasius or Gilla Mac Liag (1087–1173), count of Armagh and primate of Ireland; erenach of Derry, 1121; asserted primacy of Armagh by visitations; received the pall at the synod of Kells, 1149; summoned synod of Claue to promote uniformity.
^ Edmund Martin Geldart (1844–1885), unitarian minister; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1867; lived for some time at Athens; joined the Unitarians, 1872, and officiated at Hope Street, Liverpool, and at the Croydou Free Christian church; published works on Modern Greek, a translation of Keim's Jesus of Nazara vol. U., 1876, The Gospel according to Paul 1884, and A Son of Belial(i.e. Balliol), 1882; disappeared on voyage to Dieppe.
^ James William Geldart (1785–1876), professor of civil law at Cambridge, 1814-47: fellow of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1808, of Trinity Hall, 18091820; LL.D., 1814; rector of Kirk Deighton, 1840-76; edited Halifax's Analysis of Civil Law 1836.
^ George Geldorp (fl. 1611–1660), portrait-painter ; came to England from Antwerp before 1823; intimate with Vandyck; painted portraits of William Cecil, second earl of Salisbury (DOW at Hatfield), and Lord Totnes. I I 2
^ Sir John Gell (1593–1671), parliamentarian; as sheriff of Derbyshire levied ship-money, 1635; created baronet, 1642; raised regiment for the parliament, which was notorious for its plundering, 1642; prominent at capture of Lichfield and battle of Hopton Heath, 1643; suspected of conniving at escape of the royalists after Naseby, 1645; imprisoned and fined for plots against the Commonwealth, 1650; signed Derbyshire petition to Monck,1660.
^ John Gell (d. 1806), admiral; commanded the Monarca in actions of Sir Edward Hughes with De Suffren; rear-admiral, 1793, when he captured a French privateer with the valuable Spanish treasure-ship Santiago; took part in occupation of Toulon; admiral, 1799.
^ Robert Gell (1595–1666), divine; educated at Westminster and Christ's College, Cambridge; fellow; rector of St. Mary, Aldermanbury, c. 1641-65; published Essay towards the Amendment of the last English Translation of the Bible 1659.
^ Sir William Gell (1777–1836), archaeologist and traveller; fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; his Topography of Troy 1804, made in three days, alluded to by Byron's epithet rapid Qell (originally classic); knighted after mission to Ionian islands, 1803; travelled in Greece with Edward Dodwell and published Geography and Antiquities of Ithaca 1807, and Itinerary of Greece 1810; published Itinerary of the Morea i (1817) andJourney in the Morea (1823); gave evidence (1820) in favour of Queen Caroline, whose chamberlain he had been; after 1820 lived in Italy; publishedPompeiana 1817-19, andTopography of Rome 1834; his original drawings preserved in the British Museum.
^ Henry Gellibrand (1597–1636), mathematician; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1623: friend of Henry Briggs; Gresham professor of astronomy, 1627; prosecuted by Laud for bringing out an almanack in which protestant martyrs were substituted for Romish saints; acquitted; completed Briggs's Trigonometria Britannica 1633; published other mathematical works and Epitome of Navigation.
^ Thomas Gemini, Geminie, or Geminus (fl.–1540-1560), engraver and printer; published with copperplate engravings by himself Compendiosa totius Anatomie delineatio 1545, an abridgment of Vesalius's work of 1543; printed works for Leonard Digges (d. 1571 ?) and engraved a portrait of Queen Mary (1559).
^ John Gendall (1790–1865), painter, employed by R. Ackermanu; exhibited paintings of Devonshire scenery at the Academy, 1846-63.
^ John Genest (1764–1839), dramatic historian; educated at Westminster; M.A. Trinity College, Cam bridge, 1787; published at Bath Account of the English i Stage, 1660-1830(1832).
^ Edmund Geninges (1567–1591), Roman catholic ' divine; executed at Tyburn for returning to the realm;; his life published at St. Omer, 1614.
^ John Geninges (1570?–1660), provincial of Eng- I lish Franciscans; brother of Edmund Geninges; first vicar of St. Bonaventure, Douay, 1619; co-founder of convent of St. Elizabeth, Brussels; published Institutio Missionariorum 1651.
^ Sir Thomas Gent (d. 1593), judge; barrister, Middle Temple; M.P., Maiden, 1571; serjeant-at-law, j 1584; baron of the exchequer, 1586; member of high commission court.
^ Thomas Gent (1693–1778), printer and topographer; member of Stationers Company and admitted to freedom of the city, 1717; employed in Fleet Street by Henry Woodfall and Samuel Richardson; settled at York, 1724, being the sole printer in the city and county; printed his own histories of York (1730), Ripon (1734), and Hull (1735); set up the first press at Scarborough; died in great poverty; his autobiography edited by Rev. Joseph Hunter, 1832.
^ Artemisia Gentileschi (1590–1642?), painter; came to England with her father, Orazio Gentileschi ; painted for Charles I David and Goliath Fame and a portrait of herself; returned to Italy before 1630;" famous for her portraits.
^ Orazio Gentileschi (1563–1647), painter: native of Pisa; came to England, 1626, from Paris, at invitation of Vandyck; painted for Buckingham and Charles I, who lodged him and gave him an annuity; some of his pictures at Marlborough House and two at Hampton Court.
^ Alberico Gentlli (1552–1608), civilian ; born at Sanginesio; D.C.L. Perugia: obliged to leave Italy with bis father on account of heretical opinions; arrived in London, 1580; incorporated D.C.L. at Oxford, 1581; consulted by government as to course to be taken with Mendoza, the plotting Spanish ambassador, 1584; accompanied embassy of Pallavicino to Saxony, 1586; regius professor of civil law at Oxford through Walsingham's influence, 1587; began to practise as an advocate, 1590; admitted at Gray's Inn, 1600; permanent advocate for king of Spain, 1605. His chief works were De Juris Interpretibus Dialog! sex 1582 (in defence of the older jurists against thehumanistschool), De Legationibus (1585), De Jure Belli Cpmmentationes Tres 1589; De Jure Belli 1598, and Hispanicse Advocationis Libri Duo 1613; fifteen volumes of his manuscripts (D'Orville) acquired by the Bodleian, 1805.
^ Aloysius Gentlli (1801–1848), missionary apostolic in England; came to England, 1835, as missioner of Rosmini's Institute of Charity; superior of the college, Prior Park, Bath, till 1839; removed to Loughborough mission. 1842.
^ Robert Gentili (1590–1654?), infant prodigy and translator; eldest son of Alberico Gentili; spoke French and Latin at seven; matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, at nine; B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, at thirteen: nominated probationer fellow of All Souls College by Archbishop Bancroft in eighteenth year; resigned fellowship, 1612, and disappeared till 1637; translated Servita's History of the Inquisition, several works of Malvezzi, Bacon's Historic of Winds 1653, and Le Chemin Abrégé 1654.
^ Francis Gentleman (1728–1784), actor and dramatist; appeared at Dublin in Oroouoko; afterwards played in his own pieces in England and Scotland, the best beingThe Modish Wife(1774), produced at Chester; published anonymously the Dramatic Censor 1770; often relieved by Garrick, whom he ridiculed in his 'Stratford Jubilee 1769; edited Bell's acting Shakespeare; played Sir Epicure Mammon in his Tobacconist 1771, an adaptation from the Alchemist
^ Robert Gentleman (1746–1795), dissenting divine; preached and taupht school at Shrewsbury, 17661769; divinity tutor at Carmarthen academy, 1779-84; minister at Kidderminster, 1784-95; published, among other works, Young English Scholar's Companion .
^ Tobias Gentleman (ft. 1614), author of a work entitled Way to Wealth 1614, pointing out advantages of developing herring fisheries.
^ Geoffrey (d. 1093), bishop of Coutances, 1048; completed his cathedral, 1056; followed Duke William to England, 1066, and interpreted at his coronation; received vast grants of land, chiefly in the west, where he was active in repressing the rising of 1069; presided at trial of suit between Lanfranc and Odo at Peuneuden, 1071: attended councils of Winchester and Windsor, 1072, and the ecclesiastical council at St. Paul's, 1075; helped to put down rising of Ralf, earl of Norfolk, and Roger, earl of Hereford, 1076; took part in the baronial rising against William II, and held Bristol Castle, but was pardoned; upheld privileges of the clergy at Salisbury, 1088; died at Coutances.
^ Rufus Geoffeey (d. 1140). See Rufus.
^ Geoffrey Gaimar (d. 1140?). See Gaimar.
^ Geoffrey of Gorham (d. 1146), abbot of St. Albans, 1119-46; native of Maine; while teaching at Dunstable composed a miracle-play of St. Katharine: built guestshall, queen's chamber, and a shrine; translated St. Alban's body, 1129; founded leper hospital of St. Julian, and enlarged nunnery at Sopwell.
^ Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100?-1154), bishop of St. A?aph and chronicler; probably a BonHirt inr monk of Monmouth; studied at Oxford; archdeacon of Llandatf, c. IHu; bishop of St. Asaph, 1152-4: witnessed Treaty of Wallin-lonl, 1 153; buried at Llandaff. His Historia Britonum compiled fromNennius* and a lost book of Breton legends, tracing the descent of British princes from the Trojans, was translated into Anglo-Norman by Gaimar and Wace, and into English by Layiunon ami Robert of Gloucester; first printed iu 15U8 (Paris), and edited by Dr. Oiks in 1844. Geoffrey'sProphetia Anglicana Merliui Ambrosii Britauni was first printed, 1603.
^ Geoffrey (d. 1154), first abbot of Dunfermline, 1128; prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1 liv,.
^ Geoffrey (d. 1178), abbot of Dunfermline, nephew and successor of Geoffrey (d. 1154); witnessed charters of Malcolm IV and William the Lion: wrote in defence of Scottish church.
^ Geoffrey (1158–1186), fourth son of Henry II and count of Brittany; betrothed by his father to Constance, daughter of Count Conan, the Little, and adopted as heir, 1 IOG; with the French king and his own brothers invaded Normandy, 1173, but did homage to his father on a promise of half the revenues of Brittany, 1175; knighted, 1178; upheld Philip II of France against the rebellious lords, and married Constance, 1181; by order of Henry II made war on his brother Richard; invaded Poitou, #nd refused to desist, occupying Limoges by treachery, 1183; after temporary reconciliation with Richard, joined Prince John against him, 1184; held Assize of Count Geoff rey at Renncs to preserve rights of the lord, 1185; plotted with Philip II for possession of Anjou; died suddenly at Paris, and was buried in Notre Dame.
^ Geoffrey de Vinsauf (fl. 1200). See Vinsauf.
^ Geoffrey de Muschamp (d. 1208), bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1198; archdeacon of Cleveland, 1189; elected bishop by monks of Coventry at instance of Richard I and Archbishop Hubert, 1198; said to have fled from England, 1207.
^ Geoffrey (d. 1212), archbishop of York ; reputed son of Henry II, at whose accession he was acknowledged and received into the household; made bishop of Lincoln, 1173; took prominent part in suppressing the northern rebellion of 1173-4: remained uiiconsecrated and resigned under pressure from Pope Alexander III, 1182, but became chancellor of England and treasurer of York; faithful to his father in his last war with Richard and Philip Augustus, 1188-9; named archbishop of York by Richard I, 1189, but opposed by Hubert Walter and part of the chapter; ordained priest and confirmed in his see after much opposition; retired to Normandy, 1190, and ordered by Richard to remain abroad for three years; consecrated at Tours, 1191, and thereupon returned to England; arrested by William of Longchamp on the ground of Richard's prohibition of his return to England, but supported by Prince John; released and enthroned; excommunicated Bishop Hugh of Durham and other opponents; joined Bishop Hugh against John, 1193; his chapter in open rebellion against him after a demand for contributions for the king's ransom; suspended by the pope and deprived of sheriffdomof Yorkshire by the king, 1195: went to Rome and obtained reversal of sentence from the pope, 1196; temporarily favoured by Richard I, 1198: received with favour at accession of John, 1199; reconciled temporarily with chapter, 1200, but was again involved in disputes; upheld throughout by Innocent III; opposed levy of a tax on church property and fled abroad, 1207; buried at Grandmont, near Rouen.
^ Geoffrey of Coldingham (fl. 1214). See Coldingham.
^ Geoffrey (d. 1235?), prior of Coventry, 1216; choeen by bis monks to see of Lichfleld and Coventry, 1223, but the election quashed by Archbishop Stephen Langton and Honoritis III; suspended for resisting visitation of new bishop, 1232; author of chronicle cited in Dugdale's 4 Warwick
^ Geoffrey the Grammarian, alias Starkey (fl. 1440), a friar; preacher at King's Lynn, Norfolk; his Promptuarium Parvulorum Clericorum an English-Latin dictionary, valuable as record of fifteenth century English and East-Anglian dialect, and for elucidation of debased Latin (printed by Pynson, 1499, and by Wynken dc Worde). tln-r works a-yignnl to Geoffrey by Bale and Pits im-ludu tin- first Jjitin-Knirli.-h diotiOMn printed in lBfkai*HortM W. -k- Word.-, in 1500.
^ George I (George Lewis) (1660–1727), king of Great Britain and In-lund and elector of Hanover; great grandson of James I; first saw military service under the empire, 1675; came to England to propose for the hand of the Princess Anne, 1680; married his cousin, Sophia Dorothea of Oelle, 1682; took part in Sobicski'n relief of Vienna, 1683; distinguished himself in Hungary, 1685, and at Neerwinden, 1693; divorced his wife and imprisoned her for life, 1694; succeeded to Hanover, 1698-; admitted to the college of electors at the diet, 1708, and named arch- treasurer of the empire, 1710; protected Holstein-Gottorp against Denmark, 1698; joined the Grand Alliance, 1701, contributing 10,000 men and five regiments of horse; formed intimate relations with Marlborough after his mission of 1704-5; commanded imperial army on Upper Rhine, 1707-9; concluded alliances with Poland, 1709, and Denmark, 1710; occupied Verden, 1712: refused to intervene, in English politics; reconciled with his son on death (1714) of his mother, Electress Sophia, which made him the next heir after Queen Anne to the English throne; on Queen Anne's death had fresh instrument of regency drawn up for England, 1714; whileat the Hague, on his way to fill English throne, displaced Bolingbroke for Townshend as secretary of state, having previously named Marlborough captain-general; became king of England, 1714; his first collective cabinet entirely whig, with the exception of Nottingham see FINCH, DANIEL; conformed to the national church, though he was allowed a Lutheran chaplain, but was unpopular on account of his character and the rapacity of his foreign favourites, an attempt on his life being made, 1717; after suppression of Jacobite rebellion of 1715, and passing of Septennial Act, 1716, went to Hanover, where he frequently spent the hitter hah* of each; year, his son Prince George being left as regent; formed an alliance with France and the Netherlands, 1717, in which year Townshend was replaced by Stanhope as chief minister; the quadruple alliance formed in 1718, in accordance with his wishes, and Bremen and Verdeii added to Hanover, the schemes of Charles XII and Alberoni to aid the Jacobites being foiled; granted a slight measure of relief to the Romanists and dissenters; had convocation silenced, 1717. Walpole, who was called in to deal with the South Sea crisis, remained chief minister from 1721 till the end of the reign. Under Walpole theAtterbury plotwas discovered, 1722, further interference with Sweden checked, the treaty of Hanover negotiated, 1725, as a countercheck to that of Vienna, and George I induced to assent to it. George I died of apoplexy at Osnabrlick and was buried at Hanover. His will was destroyed by George II. A certain brusqueness of manner, in spite of some kingly qualities, prevented him from attaining popularity. Portraits by Kueller are at Windsor and in the National Portrait Gallery.
^ George (1683–1760), king of Great Britain and Ireland; son of George I; after the divorce of his mother, whom he thought innocent, lived with his grandparents at Hanover: married Charlotte Caroline of BrandenburgAnspach, 1705; created an English peer, 1706; distinguished himself at Oudenarde, 1708; came to England with his father and was created Prince of Wale*, 1714; on friendly terms with John Campbell, second duke of Argyll, formed intimacy with Henrietta Howard (later Countess of Suffolk); popular with English, but not with Hanoverians; confined to his room and excluded from St. James's on account of his conduct to the king and Newcastle at the baptism of his eldest son, Frederick, 1717; removed to Leicester House, which became a centre of opposition, 1718; deprived of custody of bis children, partially reconciled to the king through Walpole, 1720; succeeded to the throne, 1727; continual Walpole in office after his favourite, Sir Spencer Compton, afterwards lord Wilmington, had failed to form a ministry, but replaced Lord Berkeley (who had propounded a scheme for transplanting him to America when Prince of Wales) by Sir George Byng at the admiralty; went to Hanover to secure possession of his mother's property and that of his uncle, the late bishop of Osnabriick; quarrelled with Frederick William of Prussia, and though reconciled to him by arbitration, 1730, was debarred from carrying out contemplated marriage alliances between the bouses of England and Prussia; with difficulty prevented from involving England in the Polish succession war, 1733; I but for some time acted on his advice; called in George tried to negotiate an alliance between the King of Spain, Philip V, and the emperor Charles VII; concluded treaty with Denmark, 1734; became attached to Countess vou Walmodeu, 1 735; reluctantly refused alliance with the emperor; negotiated marriage for Frederick, prince of Wales, with Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, 1736; spent most of 1736 in Hanover; was in great danger from a storm in returning; had an open rupture with Frederick, prince of Wales, 1737; created Countess Walmodeu Lady Yarmouth, 1738; overcame the pacific policy of Walpole, 1739, and declared war against Spain; concluded treaty with Maria Theresa, for whom he obtained a Qrenville, but made constant attempts to get rid of him, though concurring generally in his policy; urged on prosecution of Wilkes. 1703; approved Grenville's Stamp Act, 1765, but allowid its repeal, 1766; the Regency Act, from which ministers at first excluded name of princess dowager, due to his first mental illness, 1765; negotiated with Pitt and Lyttelton through Cumberland; again promised to deny access to Bute, probably keeping his word; obliged to accept* Rockiugham as minister; intrigued against Rockingham through the king's friends; allowed Pitt to come in with a free hand,creating him Earl of Chatham, Graf ton being nominal premier, 1766; entreated subsidy, 1741; secured Hanover by neutrality agreement Chatham to retain office, 1767; urged firmness in dealing - - i W ith the rioters of 1769 and with Wilkes; insulted by a mob at St. James's; induced Charles Yorke to accept the seals, 1770; made North premier, 1770; remained unmoved by petitions from the city demanding a dissolution; and for twelve years personally directed the government through distribution of patronage, disposal of civil list revenue, and manifestations of feeling at court ceremonials; frequently wrote to North, but sometimes consulted Charles Jenkinson, afterwards first earl of Liverpool; directed the opposition to Savile's with France; reluctantly parted with Walpole, 1742; made Lord Wilmington (Oompton) head of the treasury, and in Carteret as secretary of state (1742-5) found a sympathetic foreign minister; probably by advice of Carteret arranged treaty of Breslau between Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa, 1742, and formed defensive alliances with Prussia and Russia, 1742; took Hanoverian troops into British pay and sent them into the Netherlands; personally led the allied troops at Dettingen against the French, the victory recovering him his popularity, 1743; concluded treaty j Nullum Tempus Bill; forbade Cumberland and Gloucester the court, and promoted the Royal Marriage Bill, which prohibited members of the royal family from marrying under twenty-five without the king's consent; prevented interference of France between Russia and Turkey; showed hostility to Clive, 1773; favoured Boston Port Bill, 1774; arranged for Hanoverian garrisons in Gibraltar and Minorca, and negotiated for the hire of Russian tiOops, 1775; supported the policy which led to outbreak of war with American colonists, and as the war continued, approved*-every means ot alsTressIug America; applied to parliament" ftr~*~gnm*-4o..pa4ii.fete r uid though presenting imperfect accounts, received a sum for arrears and an addition to the civil list, 1777; refused to allow North to resjgn_p_r toreceive Ohathaai_a8_ chief minister, of Worms with Maria Theresaand Sardinia, 1743; compelled by his other ministers to dismiss Oarteret, 1744; made largely responsible for the defence of Bohemia when Frederick the Great declared war upon that country and renewed hostilities with Maria Theresa; compelled by the success of the French and Prussians, and landing of the Young Pretender in Scotland, to extort Maria Theresa's consent to the cession of Silesia, 1745; tried to get rid of his ministers and to recall Carteret (Lord Granville) and Pulteney (Lord Bath); refused to accept Pitt as secretary-at-war; gained over Newcastle to his warlike views, and after Oulloden sent more troops to the Netherlands, 1746; after unsuccessful operations obliged to make peace on the basis of mutual restitution, 1748;his scheme for procuring election of Arch- 1778rOT6wNorTh~fo"n'egoTiate'with the opposTttoiT; conduke Joseph as king of the Romans defeated by Prussia, ~* Templated retirement to Hanover; saved London by his conduct during Gordon riots, 1780; spent great sums in elections of 1781, and is said to have personally canvassed against Keppel at Windsor; applied to Shelburne and Gower on North's resignation, 1782, but was forced again to take Rockingham as minister; through Thurlow set the Shelburne section against the Rockingham whigs, Pitt as secretary of state under Devonshire," 1756, and, j and on Rockingham's death (1782) appointed Shelburne though he dismissed him within three mouths, on Walde- i as his successor; on Shelburne's resignation applied to grave's failure to form a ministry was obliged to re- j the younger Pitt and Gower before submitting to receive appoint him with Newcastle at the treasury, 1757. He j the coalition, 1783, whom he overthrew by using his pershowed much displeasure with his son, the Duke of Cum- sonal influence with the peers against their India Bill, berland, after his failure in Germany, and considered the j 1783; supported Pitt both before and after the general sentence of the court-martial on Sackville too lenient, election, which secured him a majority, the king's friends At the date of his death the French had been driven subsequently disappearing as a party; followed Pitt'8 from Canada, checked in Europe, and successfully attacked advice when premier, though disliking his scheme of parin India, Africa, and the West Indies, while the Dutch j liamentary reform and the trial of Warren Hastings; his were ousted from Bengal. He was buried beside Queen I life threatened by the mad Margaret Nicholson, Caroline in Henry VII's chapel, Westminster Abbey. In j 1786; suffered second attack of madness, 1788-9; agreed state affairs he was largely guided by Queen Caroline, to to dismissal of Thurlow, 1792, and recall of Duke of York whom he was much attached, in spite of his mistresses. He from Flanders, 1794; remonstrated with Pitt against put Hanover and his continental interests before England, negotiating with France, 1797; shot at by Hadfield, Though a patron of Handel, he neglected literature and j 1800; caused the resignation of Pitt by declaration pictorial art. Several portraits of him are in the National against revival of catholic emancipation, 1801; suffered a Portrait Gallery and at Hampton Court, and a royal group third attack of mania, which was abridged by Pitt's by Hogarth in the National Portrait Gallery of Ireland. promise not to revive the Roman Catholic question; re 1750; submitted to the Pelhams on the death of Frederick, prince of Wales, 1761; the subsidy treaties arranged by him for the defence of Hanover rejected by the regents, 1755, though next year a treaty was arranged with Prussia guaranteeing the integrity of Germany; obliged by the resignation of Henry Fox to accept
^ George III (George William Frederick) (1738-1820), grandson of George II, and king of Great Britain and Ireland; son of Frederick Louis, prince of Wales ; created Prince of Wales, 1751; imbibed political principles from writings of Bolingbroke ancTBlttekstoue; completely under influence of his mother, and after attainment of his majority (1766) of Bute; said to have been in love with Hannah Lightfoot, a quakeress; on coming to the throne, 1760, put forth a proclamation against immorality, and declared that he gloried in the name of Briton; after a flirtation with Lady Sarah Lennox, viewed volunteers in Hyde Park, 1803; became deranged again, 1804, in consequence of the conduct of the Prince of Wales; through Eldou consented to receive Pitt back with the Grenvilles, but without Fox, 1804; opened parliament for last time, 1805; appointed Mauners-Suttou primate instead of Pitt's nominee, 1805; sent for Hawkesbury (Jenkinson), 1808, and on his failure accepted Grenvilleas minister with Fox, to whom he became reconciled, but brought about his resignation by demanding a pledge against catholic emancipation; by his influence kept the Portland ministry together, 1809-12; condemned the duel of Canning and Castlereagh; became blind, and, after married Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, ! 1811, permanently deranged, but retained bodily strength 1761; recommended the extension of judge's tenures be-, almost till death. He was very popular with the middle yond the demise of the crown; determined to destroy the classes, and generally with the majority of his subjects, party system and to end the French war; dismissed Pitt and Newcastle, and made Bute secretary of state, 1761, and first minister, 1762; dismissed Portland, Rockingham, and other leading whigs, and concluded peace with France and Spain, 1763; was obliged to part with Bute, i Gallery. who respected the decorum of his life, and a firmness which at times verged on obstinacy. He was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Portraits of him are at Windsor, Hampton Court, aud in the National Portrait
^ George IV (1762–1830), king of Great Britain and Ireland; son of George III and ".HI. m liarlntte: brought up in strict seclusion with his brother Frederick Augustus, duke of York, at Kew, but well educated: already involved in intnim- with Mary Robinson Perdita, 1780; came of age, 1783, when he established liimsett at Carlton House; received 30,000. from parliament to pay debts, and an annual allowance of 5U,000. from the king; in close alliance with Charles James Fox and other whig leaders; fell in love with Mrs. Maria Anne Pitzherbert and married her, 1785; denied tin? marriage in order to conciliate parliament and deceived Pox; received an addition to his income and a parliamentary grant of 161,0007. for his debts, 1787; pluuged into fresh extravagances in company with York, Fox, Sheridan, and Beau Brummell; built Brighton Pavilion, 1784, and lived much there; intrigued with Thurlow and Loughborough against the queen and Pitt, and openly canvassed for support against the minister's regency resolutions, 1788; drew up a letter of remonstrance in concert with the whigs against the restrictions on his powers as regent, 1789; received an offer of free powers from Irish parliament; excluded from the king's presence on his recovery; addressed remonstrances to him on conduct of the queen and an apologetic memorial; raised money abroad on Osuabriick bishopric and postobits; their liability repudiated by the prince's agents after 1792; married Caroline of Brunswick. 1795, but soon separated from her, and returned to Mrs Fitzherbert, though recently intimate with Lady Jersey; received another grant from parliament; demanded vice-royalty of Ireland, and intervened on behalf of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 1797-8; applied for service abroad; under influence of Moira see HASTINGS, FRANCIS RAWDON-, 1764-1826 made overtures to Pitt, 1801: received a fresh money grant and a commutation of his claims on the duchy of Cornwall, 1803; his application for military employment again refused; negotiated through Sheridan with Addington, but at the same time suggested to Pitt a junction between him and Fox under the premiership of Moira, 1804; deprived of the care of his daughter, Princess Charlotte, 1805; obtained commission for examination into charges against Princess Caroline, 1806; practically severed himself from all the whigs except Sheridan, Erskine, and Moira; consulted Grey and Grenville upon his answer to Perceval's regency proposals, when the king was permanently disabled by insanity, but acted on the advice given by Sheridan and Adam, 1811: after further negotiations with the whigs was induced by influence of Lady Hertford to accept the restricted regency; broke with Mrs. Fitzherbert at installation as Prince Regent; deprived of Perceval's services by his death, 1812, after which complicated negotiations for the formation of a coalition ministry under the Marquis Wellesley or Lord Moira followed, but were rendered fruitless owing to the regent's aversion from Grey and Grenville, on which the lories returned to office under Liverpool, 1812; became involved in disputes with his wife and daughter; the reenactment of the act of 1795 for the security of the king's person necessitated by his unpopularity, 1817; succeeded to the throne, 1820; employed Knighton to deal with his debts; tried to prevent the return of Queen Caroline , and on her arrival excluded her from the coronation, and forced ministers to bring in a divorce bill, 1820; visited Ireland and Hanover, 1821, and Scotland, 1822; tried to exclude Canning from office, and thwarted his foreign policy; retired with Lady Conyngham to Brighton and Windsor; strongly opposed catholic emancipation and the recognition of the Spanish-American republics; wished to take command of the army on Wellington's retirement; under the Goderich ministry, 1827-8, distributed appointments without consulting the ministers; reluctantly accepted the repeal of Test and Corporation Acts, and put many obstacles in the way of the passing of Catholic Emancipation Bill, but finally gave way; latterly suffered from failing health and delusions; the power of the crown much diminished in his reign. He was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor. Portraits by Lawrence are at Windsor and in the National Portrait Gallery.
^ George, Duke of Clarence (1449–1478), son of Richard, duke of York (1411-1460); after his father's death in 1460 was sent for safety to Utrecht, whence he was brought back on his brother Edward IV's accession in 1461 and created Duke of Clarence; lord lieutenant.!; at Calais married, contrary to Edward's wishes (1469), I.-abella, the elder daughter of the Earl of Warwick; invaded England in company with his lather-in-law ami made Kin: Edward pri-oncr at Edgecot, 1469; forced by public opinion to release him: after obtaining an amnesty bemplieated with Warwick in an unsuccessful Lancastrian rising in Linclnshire; tied to France, March 117(i: returned to England with Warwick, hk-ptember 1470, and Edward fled the country; disapproved of the restoration of Henry VI, and in 1471 deserted to his brother at Coventry with four thousand men; fought with Edward at Barnet, 1471, and Tewkesbury, 1471, and assisted in the re-establishment of the York dynasty; became involved in a violent quarrel with his brother, Gloucester, who wished to marry Anne Neville see ANNK, QUKI RICHARD III and share her mother's inheritance; reconciled with Gloucester by a parliamentary partition of the Neville estates, 1474; offered himself (1476) as a suitor for the hand of Mary of Burgundy, the successor of Charles the Bold; his scheme vetoed by Edward IV; revenged himself on some of the queen's adherents; charged with compassing the death of the king by necromancy and 1 with other treasonable practices and committed to the Tower; attainted by parliament, January 1478, and sentenced to death; secretly executed within the Tower, 17 or 18 Feb. 1488. The mode of death is uncertain, the statement that he was drowned in a butt of malmsey being perhaps only a London rumour.
^ George, Prince of Denmark (1653–1708), consort of Queen Anne; married Princess Anne, 1683; deserted James II, 1688, at Andover; rewarded by act of naturalisation and a peerage, being created Duke of Cumberland, 1689; disliked by William III; on his wife's accession was refused title of king, 1702, but namedgeneralissimo (nominally superior of Marlborough as captain-general) and lord high admiral, receiving a large annuity and exemption from disabilities under Act of Settlement; voted for Occasional Conformity Bill, 1702; his management of the admiralty attacked by the whigs, 1704-8; F.R.S. A portrait by Wissing is in the National Portrait Gallery.
^ John George (1804–1871), Irish judge; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1826; barrister, King's Inns, 1826, and Gray's Inn, 1827; Q.C., 1844; M.P. for co. Wexford, 1852-7 and 1859-66: solicitor-general under Lord Derby, 1859; privy councillor of Ireland, and judge of queen's bench, 1866.
^ William George (d. 1756), dean of Lincoln; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1723; D.D., 1728; seventeen years principal of Eton; provost of King's, 1743, and vice-chancellor of Cambridge; dean of Lincoln, 1748-56; his lines on the death of Prince Frederick highly commended by Pope Benedict XIV.
^ Gerald, saint and bishop (d. 731), according to the Bollandist Life, a monk who left Winchester for Ireland to lead a solitary life; built a church in Mayo called Gill n-ailither Church of the Pilgrims). where he was buried; termed in Annals of the Four Masters the 'Pontifex of Mayo of the Saxons' and 'Episcopus' in Litany of Oengus.
^ Joseph Gerald (1763–1796). See Gerrald.
^ Gerard or Girard (d. 1108), archbishop of York ; when clerk of the chapel and chancery sent by William II on a secret mission to Pope Urban, from whom he obtained the despatch of a legate and pallium, 1095; rewarded with see of Hereford, being ordained only a day before consecration, 1096; witnessed Henry I's charter, 1100; archbishop of York, 1100-8; opposed Archbishop Anselm , and successfully represented Henry I against him at Rome in the investiture dispute; eventually repudiated by Pope Paschal and compelled to profess obedience to Anselm; attempted to consecrate bishops;invested* by the king and was rebuked by Paschal; reconciled to Anselm, 1107: refused burial in the minster, but transferred thither by Archbishop Thomas II.
^ Alexander Gerard (1728–1795), philosophical writer; professor of philosophy at Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1750, and of divinity, 1760-71; professor of divinity at King's College, 1771; D.D.: moderator of general assembly, 17G4; published prize Essay on Taste 1759, Essay on Genius 1774, and apologetic works.
^ Alexander Gerard (1792–1839), Himalayan explorer; son of Gilbert Gerard; served with 13th Bengal native infantry, 1808-36; while enpavol in surveying, 1812-17 and 1825-6, ascended peaks hitherto unsealed and penetrated into Thibet: ascnxUil in 1821 the Charang Pass and Mount Tahigung (22.00U feet); his travels described in Indian scientific journals and in EdinburghJournal of Science and noticed in Heber's 'Journal.
^ Charles Gerard , first Baron of Brandon and Earl of Macclesfield (d. 1684), greatgrandson of Sir Gilbert Gerard; educated abroad; commanded infantry brigade at Edgehill, 1642; wounded there and at Lichfield, 1643; arranged capitulation of Bristol, 1643; distinguished at first battle of Newbury, 1643; again wounded at relief of Newark, 1644; conducted successful operations in South Wales. 1645; removed for rigorous treatment of Welsh, but created a peer, 1645; commander of Charles I's bodyguard, escorting him from Wales to Oxford, thence to Hereford, and afterwards to Chester, 1645; desperately wounded at Kowton Heath, 1645; retired with the king to Newark, but was dismissed his service for a disorderly protest against the supersession of Sir Richard Willis, 1645; rejoined Charles at Oxford, 1646, and raised a troop of horse; went abroad after the capitulation; vice-admiral of the fleet at Helvoetslnys, 1648; gentleman of the bedchamber to Charles II, 1649; served under Turenne at Arras, 1654; intrigued at Paris on behalf of Henrietta Maria, and encouraged designs of his cousin, John Gerard (1632-1664) ; returned with Charles II from Breda, 1660, at the head of the life guards; regained hi? estates and received a pension; envoy extraordinary to Paris, 1662; supervised defences of Isle of Wight and Portsmouth against Dutch, 1666-7; created Earl of Macclesfield, 1679; dismissed from the bed-chamber as an adherent of Monmouth, 1681; presented by Cheshire grand jury as disaffected, 1684; fled to the continent, 1685; commanded William Ill's bodyguard, 1688; privy councillor and president of council of Welsh marches, 1689; member of commission to inquire into conduct of fleet, 1690.
^ Charles Gerard , second Earl of Macclesfield (1669?–1701), son of Charles Gerard, first earl of Macclesfield; M.P., Lancashire, 1679, 1680-1. and 1688-94; committed to the Tower on suspicion of treason, 1683, but acquitted; again arrested as adherent of Monmouth, convicted of complicity in Rye House plot, and sentenced to death, 1686; pardoned, 1687; lord-lieutenant of Lancashire, 1690, of North Wales, 1696; bail for Lord Mohun, 1692; as major-general, 1694, succeeded Talmash after his death before Brest: envoy extraordinary to Hanover, 1701; buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ Sir Gilbert Gerard (d. 1593), judge ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1539: joint-treasurer of Gray's Inn, 1556; M.P., Wigan, 1553 and 1555, and Steyning, 1564; attorneygeneral, 1659; drew up reforms for Irish exchequer court, 1560; counsel to Cambridge University, 1561; commissioner for sale of crown lands, 1663; member of ecclesiastical commission, 1667: member of commission tor trial of northern rebels, 1570; took part in prosecution of Norfolk, Northumberland, and others, 1571-2; knighted 1579; master of the rolls, 1581; M.P., Lancaster, 1584; took part in trials of Somervyle, 1583, Parry, 1685, and Shelley, 1586, for conspiracy, and of Arundd, 1589, and Perrot, 1592; chief commissioner of the great seal, 1591-2. ,
^ Gilbert Gerard (1760–1815), theological writer ; son of Alexander Gerard (1728-1795); minister of Soots church, Amsterdam; professor of Greek at King's College, Aberdeen, 1791, of divinity, 1795; moderator of general assembly, 1803;Compendious View of the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion the joint work of himself and bus father, published 1828.
^ James Gilbert Gerard (1795–1835), Bengal wirgeon; non of Gilbert Gerard; surgeon, 1826; accompanied hi* brother Alexander Gerard (1792-1839) lq. v. in Himalayan journeys: gave great scientific assistance to expedition of Sir Alexander Burnes to Bokhara, 1831, but died at Subathoo from exhaustion.
^ John Gerard (1645–1612), herbalist; "ember of court of assistants of Barber-Surgeons, 1595; master, 167; superintendent of Burgbley's gardens; the list of planU in his own garden (Holborn), first published cata , 1: !r, (e,l. n. D. Jackson, 1876): hisHerball(1597) edited bj T. Johnson, 1633.
^ John Gerard (1564–1637), Jesuit; imprisoned for attempt to leave England without licence, 1585: joined Jesuits at Rome, I.fc8; active on the English mission; betrayal by a servant, imprisoned and tortured; escaped from the Tower, 1697: gave information of Watson's plot, 1603; suspected of complicity in Gunpowder plot: escaped to Rome, 1606; rector at Louvain, 1609; first rector at Liege, 1614-22; director of English college; Rome, 1627-37: his narrative of the Gunpowder plot printed in Morris'sCondition of the Catholics(1871), and Latin autobiography translated by G. Kingdon, S.J., 1881.
^ John Gerard (1632–1654), royalist colonel ; cousin of Charles Gerard, first earl of Macclesfield; beheaded for plot to kill Cromwell and proclaim Charles II.
^ Marc Gerard .
^ Patrick Gerard (1794–1848), geographical writer; son of Gilbert Gerard; served in Bengal army; captain, 1828; invalided, 1832; died at Simla: contributed meteorological observations toAsiatic Researches and left in manuscript (British Museum) meteorological journal, 1817-29.
^ Richard Gerard (1613–1686), royalist: served in the Netherlands, 1638-42; escorted Queen Henrietta Maria from the Hague to England; lieutenant-colonel in royal army, 1643; at second battle of Newbury, 1644; attended Charles I at Hurst Castle, and carried letters between him and the queen in France.
^ Thomas Gerard, Garret or Garrard (1500?-1540), divine; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1524; entered Christ Church, Oxford; D.D. Cambridge; distributed Lutheran books and Tyndale's translation of the New Testament; examined and forced to recant before the bishops of London and Bath, 1528; pardoned and employed by Wolsey; rector of All Hallows, Honey Lane, and chaplain to Cranmer, 1537; having preached at Paul's Cross, 1540, in answer to Gardiner, was burnt at Smithfield for heresy.
^ Sir William Gerard (d. 1581), lord chancellor of Ireland; cousin of Sir Gilbert Gerard; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1546: M.P., Preston, 1553, and Chester, 16551572; recorder of Chester, 1566-72; vice-president of council of Wales, 1562; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1576; knighted, 1577; returned to England and became master of requests, 1577; active member of Irish ecclesiastical commission; forwarded to Walsiugham an historical treatise on Wales, with suggestions for reform,
^ Marcus Gerards . See Gheeraerts.
^ Sir Balthazar Gerbier (1691?–1667), painter, architect, and courtier; native of Middelburg; came to England, 1616, becoming keeper of York House and collector for Buckingham; accompanied Buckingham to Spain, 1623, and Paris, 1625; negotiated with Rubens for a peace with Spain, 1625-7; entered service of Charles I and was knighted, 1628; trusted agent of the king at Brussels, 1631, but betrayed for money his negotiations with the Flemish nobles, 1633; became master of the ceremonies, 1641; his house at Bethnal Green attacked by mob as supposed asylum for papists, 1642; retired to France, 1643; returned to England after the king's execution; engaged in mining projects at Cayenne, 1659-60; returned to England, but, being unable to regain his position at court, turned his attention to architecture; a miniature by him of Charles I preserved at South Kensington,
^ Daniel Geredigion (1792–1846). See Daniel Evans.
^ John Geree (1601?-1649), puritan divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1621; as incumbent of Tewkesbury silencedfor nonconformity (after 1624), but restored, 1641; rector of St. Albans, 1646-7; preacher at St. Faith's, London, 1647; advocated right of the king to abolish episcopacy inA Case of Conscience Resolved 1646.
^ Stephen Geree (1594–1656?), puritan; elder brother of John Geree; B.A. Magdalen Hall. ford, 1615; vicar of Wonersh, and, -.1641, rector of A Imijrrr: published theological pamphlets.
^ Lady Elizabeth Germain , 'LADY BETTY ' (1680-1 769), daughter of Charles, second earl of Berkeley, and second wife of Sir John Germain, who left her a large fortune, including the Arundel cameos; friend of Swift. Young dedicated to her bis sixth satire on woman.
^ George Sackville Germain , first Viscount Sackville (1716–1785), soldier and statesman (known as Lord George Sackville till 1770); third son of Lionel Sackville, first duke of Dorset q. v.j; educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Dublin; M.A., 1734; as lieutenant-colonel of the 28th foot (1st Gloucester) distinguished himself at Fontenoy, 1745, where he was wounded and captured; colonel of 20th foot (1st Lancashire fusileers), 1746, of 12th dragoons (lancers), 1749, and of present 6th carabineers. 1750; major-general, 1755; member of the court of inquiry into conduct of Sir John Mordaunt at Rochefort, 1757; lieutenant-general of the ordnance, and colonel, 2nd dragoon guards, 1757; second in command of St. Malo expedition, 1758; as commander of British contingent with Prince Ferdinand neglected to lead British cavalry in pursuit of the French at Minden, 1759, for which he was dismissed the service, declared by a court martial unfit to serve in any military capacity, and his name erased from the privy council, 1760; M.P., Dover, 1741-61, Hythe, 1761-8, East Grinstead, 1768-82: chief secretary to the viceroy of Ireland (Dorset), 1751-6; his name restored to privy council by George III; assumed name of Germain, 1770: fought duel with Captain Johnstone, late governor of Pensacola; commissioner of trade and plantations, and secretary of state for colonies, 1775-82; created Viscount Saokville, 1782; absurdly credited by some with authorship of Junius
^ Sir John Germain (1650–1718), soldier of fortune; reputed son of William II, prince of Orange; accompanied William III to England, and served under him in Ireland and Flanders: created baronet, 1698; married Lady Mary Mordaunt, 1701; inherited from her Drayton and other property; his second wife was Lady Betty Berkeley.
^ Germanus (378?–448), bishop of Auxerre and missionary to Britain: one of the six dukes of Gaul; was forcibly made a cleric by Amator of Auxerre; succeeded Amator as bishop, 418; founded monastery on the Yonne; with St. Lupus went to Britain, 429, and overcame Pelagians in disputation at Verulamium (St. Albans); said to have aided the Britons to overcome the Ficts by causing them to cry Alleluia, 430; built church at Auxerre in honour of St. Alban; overcame the Pelagians in a second visit to Britain, 447; went to Ravenna to intercede with the empress-mother for the Alans against the Armpricans; died there, but was buried near Auxerre.
^ Joseph Gerrald (1763–1796), political reformer ; native of St. Christopher, West Indies; pupil of Samuel Parr at Stanmore, and his lifelong friend; went to Edinburgh convention as a delegate of the London Corresponding Society, 1793; was sentenced by Braxfield to fourteen yearstransportation for sedition, 1794; died five months after his arrival at Botany Bay.
^ Gervase of Canterbury (Gervasius Dorobornensis) (fl. 1188), chronicler ; became a monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1163, and sacrist, 1193; engaged in disputes between the archbishop of Canterbury and the abbot of St. Augustine's, 1179-83, and with his own monastery, 1185-91. His works, edited by Bishop Stubbs (Rolls Series, 1879, 1880), include an account of the burning and rebuilding of the cathedral (1174), a history of the archbishops of Canterbury from Augustine to Hubert, 'Mappa Mundi a Canterbury Chronicle (1100-99), and Gesta Regum which after his death was continued to 1328, and is of value for the early years of John's reign.
^ Gervase of Chichester (fl. 1170), author of an extant commentary on Malachi; disciple of Thomas Becket.
^ Gervase of Tilbury (fl. 1211), author of Otia Imperialia; brought up at Rome; taught law at Bologna, among his pupils being Pignatelli; present at meeting of the Emperor Frederick I and Pope Alexander III, 1177; attached to Henry, son of Henry II of England; high in favour of William II in Sicily; made marshal of Aries by th.- Kniperor Otto IV, to whom he dedicated hisOtia Imprrialia; probably died in England.
^ John Gervays (d. 1268).
^ Lady Grace Gethin (1676–1697), learned lady ; daughter of Sir George Norton; married Sir Richard Gethin; buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ Richard Gething (1585?–1652?), calligrapher pupil of John Davies of Hereford; native of Herefordshire; published at the Hand and Pen Fetter Lane, a copybook (1616) and Chirographia (1645).
^ John Daniel Getsius (1592–1672), divine and tutor; native of the Palatinate; doctor of philosophy, Marburg, 1618; B.A. Cambridge; taught Hebrew at Exeter College, Oxford, and was incorporated B.A., 1628; vicar of Stoke Gabriel, 1636, where he took pupils; imprisoned, 1643, for a royalist sermon; published a Greek testament lexicon, with other works.
^ Marcus Gheeraerts, Geeraert, or Garrard, the elder (1510?–1590?), painter and engraver; native of Bruges, where he designed the tomb of Charles the Bold; engraved view of the town, now among the archives, and painted the Descent from the Cross; came to England as a protestant refugee, 1568; said to have died in England.
^ Marcuc Gheeraerts, Gheeraedts, Geeraerts, Gerards or Garrard, the younger (1561-1635), painter: son of Marcus Gheeraerts the elder; accompanied his father to England; among his portraits were several of Elizabeth and Camden; his 'Conference of English and Spanish Plenipotentiaries' bought for National Portrait Gallery, 1882; published Handbook to Art of Drawing
^ Ghent or GATTNT, JOHN OF, DUKE OF LANCASTER (1340-1399).
^ Simon De Ghent (d. 1315), bishop of Salisbury ; archdeacon of Oxford, 1284; chancellor of the university, 1290-3; bishop of Salisbury, 1297-1316; one of the lords ordainers, 1310; ardent ecclesiastical reformer; resisted admission of papal nominee to deanery of Salisbury; preserved his right of tallage against the citizens; wrote Regula Anchoritarum and drew upStatnta ecclesiastica
^ Adam Gib (1714–1788), Scots anti-burgher divine ; educated at Edinburgh: joined the Associate Presbytery of 1735; minister of secession congregation, Bristo Street, Edinburgh, 1741; captured a rebel spy, 1745; leader of the anti-burgher synod, 1747; when dispossessed of Bristo Street Church ministered in one built for him in Nicholson Street; calledPope Gib published Proceedings of the Associate Synod 1748.
^ Frederick Gibb (d. 1681), miscellaneous writer: M.D. Valence, 1651; wrote occasionally under the name of Philalethes; contributed verses to a volume of De Thou 1678.
^ John Gibb (1776–1850), civil engineer and contractor; assisted Rennie in construction of Greenock harbour; repaired Crinan canal, 1817; completed Telford's Glasgow bridge.
^ Robert Gibb (d. 1837), landscape-painter; an original A.R.S.A.; R.S.A., 1829.
^ Charles Gibbes (1604–1681), divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1628; D.D., 1662; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1624; prebendary of Wells; prebendary of Westminster, 1662.
^ Sir George Smith Gibbes (1771–1851), physician to Bath Hospital; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A., 1792; M.D., 1799; F.R.C.P., 1804; Harveian orator, 1817; physician to Bath Hospital, 1804; knighted, 1820: F.R.S. and F.L.S. His works include treatises on the Bath waters.
^ James Alban Gibbes or Ghibbes (1611–1677 Latin poet; studied under Veiling at Padua; from 1644 practised as a physician at Rome; enjoyed favour of four successive popes; dedicated to Clement IX his Carminum Pars Lyrica ad exemplum Q. Horatii Flaccl 1668; sent to Oxford a gold chain and medal attached to his diploma of poet laureate from the Emperor Leopold I, 1667; created M.D. Oxford, 1671, asthe Horace of his age
^ Benjamin Phelps Gibbon (1802–1851), lineeugraver; executed engravings after Landseer and Mulready's Wolf and Lamb
^ Charles Gibbon (fl. 1589–1604), author; published so. works, including The Order of Equalitte (1604), an appeal for proportional equalisation of the incidence of taxation.
^ Charles Gibbon (1843–1890), novelist; journalist at Glasgow, c. 1860; published about thirty novels; edited Casquet of Literature 1873-4.
^ Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), historian; educated at Westminster; owed his taste for books to his aunt, Catherine Porten; spent fourteen unprofitable months at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1752-3; became a Romanist after reading Middleton'sFree Inquiryand works by Bossuet and Parsons, 1753; at Lausanne (1753-8), where his tutor, Pavillard, drew him back to protestantism, and where he made friends with Deyverdun and read widely; became attached to Susanne Oiirchod (afterwards Madame Necker), but in deference to his father broke off the engagement, 1757; publishedEssai sur 1'Etude de la Litterature 1761 (English version, 1764); served in Hampshire militia, 1759-70, and studied military literature; at Lausanne met Holroyd (afterwards Lord Sheffield); during a tour in Italy, 1764-5, formed plan of his History amid the ruins of the Capitol; with Deyverdun publishedMemoires Litteraires de la Grande-Bretagne 1767-8, contributing a review of Lytteltou's Henry II; issued 4 Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the JEneid attacking Warburton, 1770; settled in London, 1772; joined Dr. Johnson's Club, 1774; became professor in ancient history at the Royal Academy in succession to Goldsmith; M.P., Liskeard, 1774-80, Lymington, 1781-3; drew up a state paper against France, and was commissioner of trade and plantations, 1779-82; issued in 1776 the first volume of hisDecline and Fall of the Roman Empire,* which passed into three editions, and obtained the favourable verdict of Hume, Robertson, Warton, and Walpole; defended the chapters on growth of Christianity in hisVindication 1779; issued the second and third volumes, 1781, after a visit to Paris, where he met Button and disputed with De Mably; retired with Deyverdun to Lausanne, 1783, where he finished the work, 1787 (published, 1788); returned to England, 1793; died suddenly in London; a Latin epitaph written for his monument at Fletching, Sussex, by Dr. Samuel Parr. His Miscellaneous Works (edited by his friend Lord Sheffield, 1796) contained an autobiographical memoir, and Antiquities of the House of Brunswick (1814).
^ John Gibbon (1629–1718), writer on heraldry ; educated at Merchant Taylorsand Jesus College, Cambridge; travelled in Europe and America, where he saw Indian aborigines, whose war-paint he took as a proof of the universality of heraldry; created Blue Mantle, 1671; chief work, Introductio ad Latinam Blasoniam 1682; his Heraldo-Memoriale published in Strype's edition of Stow's Survey 1720.
^ Nicholas Gibbon or Gibbons, the elder (fl. 1600), theological writer; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1592; incorporated at Oxford, 1592; published Questions and Disputations concerning the Holy Scripture 1601.
^ Nicholas Gibbon , the younger (1606–1697), divine; son of Nicholas Gibbon the elder; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1629; D.D., 1639; rector of Sevenoaks, 1632-60; consulted by Charles I at Carisbrooke, 1647; worked as farm labourer during the Commonwealth; rector of Corfe Castle, 1660-97; published A Summe or Body of Divinity Real (1653), with a key.
^ Christopher Gibbons (1616–1676), organist; elder son of Orlando Gibbons; educated in Exeter choir; organist of Winchester Cathedral, 1638-61; at Restoration appointed to Chapel Royal, to Westminster Abbey, and court organist: Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1663; contributed toCantica Sacra 1674; collaborated with Lock in music to Shirley's Cupid and Death 1653.
^ Edward Gibbons (1570?–1653?), organist; brother of Orlando Gibbons; Mus. Bac. Cambridge and Oxford; organist at King's College, Cambridge, 1592-9; afterwards at Bristol Cathedral, and (1611-44) at Exeter Cathedral; his manuscript compositions preserved in Music School, Oxford.
^ Ellis Gibbons (. 1600), musical composer; brother of Edward Gibbons; probably organist at Salisbury; composed madrigal? in Triumphs of Oriana 1603.
^ Grinling Gibbons (1648–1720), wood-carver and statuary; born at Rotterdam; discovered by John Evelyn in 1671 working at Deptford at his carving of Tintoretto's Crucifixion which was shown to Wren and Pepys, and afterwards to the royal family; employed by Wren to carve stalls in St. Paul's and new London churches; employed in library of Trinity College, Cambridge, and by the king at Windsor, Whitehall, and Kensington; carved the throne in Canterbury Cathedral; executed statues of Charles II at the Royal Exchange and Chelsea, and of James II at Whitehall; buried in St. Paul's, Covent Garden; his portrait painted by Kneller.
^ John Gibbons (1544–1589), Jesuit; doctor of philosophy and divinity at German College, Rome, 1576; rector of Jesuit college, Treves; died at Himmelrode; his Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicae in Anglia, adversus Calvino-Papistas et Puritanos (1583), enlarged by John Bridgewater.
^ Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625), musical composer; entered choir of King's College, Cambridge, 1696. for which he composed music; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1606; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1622; organist of Chapel Royal, 1604; composed music for the reception of Queen Henrietta Maria at Canterbury; buried in Canterbury Cathedral; contributed the remarkable fantasia The Lord of Salisbury his Pavin to Byrd and Bull's Parthenia(1611); publishedFirst Set of Madrigals and Mottets(1612), containing The Silver Swan and other masterpieces; composed also settings of George Wither's Hymns and Songs of the Church 1623, and instrumental Fantasies of Three Parts. His sacred compositions, including services in F and D minor,preces and many anthems for special occasions, were edited by Sir F. A. Gore Ouseley, 1873.
^ Richard Gibbons (1550?–1632), Jesuit; younger brother of John Gibbons; taught mathematics, philosophy, Hebrew, and canon law in several continental countries; died at Douay; edited Harpsfield's Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica 1622, and translated Bellarmine's Christian Doctrine and other works from Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese.
^ Thomas Gibbons (1720–1785), dissenting minister and author; independent minister of HaberdashersHall, i 1743; tutor of Mile End academy, 1754; D.D. Aberdeen, 1764; M.A. New Jersey, 1760; published Memoirs of Rev. J. Watts, D.D (1780), also hymns and devotional verses.
^ William Gibbons (1649–1728), physician; of Merchant TaylorsSchool: B. A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1672; M.D., 1683; F.R.C.P., 1692, and censor, 1716; ridiculed by Garth as Mirmillo; benefactor of Wolverhampton; said to have made mahogany fashionable.
^ Mrs Gibbs . (ft. 1783–1844), actress ; appeared at the Haymarket as Sally in Colman's Man and Wife 1783; married the younger George Colman, in whose plays she acted, 1797-1803. Her other parts included Katherine, Miss Hardcastle, and Mrs. Candour.
^ Mrs Gibbs . (1804–1854). See Miss Gradon.
^ James Gibbs (d. 1724), physician and poet; published metrical version of Psalms i.-xv., 1701, and essay on cure of scrofula.
^ James Gibbs (1682–1754), architect; M.A. Marischal College, Aberdeen; studied under Fontana at Rome; designed St. Mary-le-Strand, St. Peter's, Vere Street, and St. Martin-in-the-Fields, part of the Senate House and of King's College, Cambridge; the monument of Ben Jonsou, Prior, and Newcastle in Westminster Abbey; the quadrangle of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and the Radcliffe Library, Oxford; publishedA Book of Architecture 1728, and Rules for Drawing the several Parts of Architecture 1732, and translated Fonseca's De Rebus Emanuelis 1752.
^ Joseph Gibbs (1700?-1788), organist of St. Mary-at-Tower, Ipswich; composed Eitfht Solos for a Violin, with ii Thorough Bass for the Harpsichord (1740 ?)".
^ Philip Gibbs (fl. 1740), dissenting minister and stenographer; joint-pastor at Hackney, 1729; Unitarian, 1737; published An Historical Account of Compendious and Swift Writing 1736, and Essay towards a further Improvement of Short-Hand 1736.
^ Sir Samuel Gibbs (d. 1816), major-general; ensign, 102nd foot, 1783; commanded the llth in West Indies, 1799, and 59th foot at Cape, 1805-6, and in Travancore, 1808-9; distinguished himself in the Java expedition, 1811; major-general, 1812, In Holland; mortally wounded at New Orleans, 1815; K.O.B., 1815.
^ Sir Vicary Gibbs (1751–1820), judge ; educated at Eton; contributed to Musa? Etonenses; fellow; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1778; Graven scholar, 1772; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1783; recorder of Bristol, 1794; assisted Erskine in defence of Thomas Hardy and Home Tooke, 1794, and was highly complimented by the attorney-general, Sir John Scott, 1794; M.P., Totnes, and chief-justice of Chester, 1804; solicitor-general, 1805-6; knighted, 1805; M.P., Great Bedwin, 1807; M.P. for Cambridge University, 1807; attorney general, 1807-12; serjeant-at-law and judge of common pleas, 1812; lord chief-baron and privy councillor, 1813; chief- justice of common pleas, 1814-18: calledVinegar Gibbs; his numerous ex-officio informations noticed in parliament, 1811.
^ Sir Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie (d. 1644), Scottish judge; M.A. Edinburgh, 1588; third clerk of session, 1594: lord of session as Lord Durie, 1621; created baronet of Nova Scotia, 1628; commissioner for reviewing the laws and customs, 1633; member of committee of estates, 1640; twice president of College of Justice; story of his being kidnapped by Traquair subject of Scott's 'Christie's WillLord Durie's Practicks (1690), the earliest collection of Scottish legal decisions.
^ Sir Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie (d. 1656), Scottish judge; son of Sir Alexander Gibson (d. 1644) ; clerk of session, 1621; opposed ecclesiastical policy of Charles I; commissary-general of forces against Charles 1, 1640; knighted, 1641; lord clerk register, 1641; commissioner of the exchequer, 1645; lord of session as Lord Durie, 1646-9.
^ Sir Alexander Gibson (d. 1693), principal clerk of session and clerk to Scottish privy council; grandson of Sir Alexander Gibson (d. 1644), whose Practickshe edited; knighted, 1682.
^ Alexander Gibson (1800–1867), botanist; M.D. Edinburgh; surgeon to East India Company; superintendent of Dapuri botanical gardens, 1838-47; conservator of Bombay forests, 1847-60; F.L.S., 1853; published works, including Forest Reports 1849-55, andBombay Flora
^ Alexander Craig Gibson (1813–1874), Cumberland antiquary; M.R.O.S., 1846: publishedThe Old Man, or Ravings and Ramblings round Coniston 1849, and The Folk-speech of Cumberland 1869.
^ David Cooke Gibson (1827–1856), painter; studied in Edinburgh, London, Belgium, and Paris; painted portraits and wrote humorous verse; exhibited Spanish pictures at Royal Academy, 1855-6.
^ Edmund Gibson (1669–1748), bishop of London; nephew of Thomas Gibson (1647-1722); fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1694; M.A., 1694; chaplain to Archbishop Tenisou and librarian at Lambeth, where he commenced catalogue of library; combated Atterbury's views on convocation; archdeacon of Surrey, 1710; bishop of Lincoln, 1716-20; bishop of London, 1720-48; used his influence with George I against masquerades; waa Walpole's ecclesiastical adviser till his opposition to the Quaker's Relief Bill, 1736; declined primacy, 1747; published numerous works, including an edition of the Saxon Chronicle (1692), a translation of Camden's Britannia (1695), Reliquiae Spelmannianae (1698), Synodus Anglicana(1702), Codex Juris Ecclesise Anglicanae (1713).
^ Edward Gibson (1668–1701), portrait-painter; nephew of William Gibson (1644-1702); excelled in crayon work,
^ Francis Gibson (1753–1805), author; collector of customs at Whitby, 1787: publishedSailing Directions for the Baltic 1791, and Streanshall Abbey (play), 1800.
^ George Stagey Gibson (1818–1883), X botanist ; quaker banker and benefactor of Saffron Walden; F.R.81847; published Flora of Essex 1862; contributed to Phytologist 1842-61, adding six new species to British flora.
^ James Gibson (1799–1871), Free church polemic ; edited Church of Scotland Magazine 1834-7; incumbent of Kingston, 1839-43: joined Free church, 1843; professor of theology and church history at Glasgow Theological College, 1856; published theological treatises.
^ Sir James Brown Gibson (1805–1868), physician; M.D. Edinburgh; served in Crimea; director general of army medical department, 1860-7; K.C.B., 1865; died at Rome.
^ James Young Gibson (1826–1886), translator from the Spanish; studied at Edinburgh and Halle; contributed some poetical renderings to Duffleld's version of 'Don Quixote 1881; translated also Cervantes's Viageal Parnaso 1883, and Numantia 1885.
^ Sir John Gibson (1637–1717), colonel ; in Dutch service, 1675-88; lieutenant-colonel hi English army, 1689; colonel, 1694; lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth, 1689; M.P., Portsmouth, 1701-2; commander of force sent to capture Newfoundland, 1697; knighted, 1705.
^ John Gibson (d. 1862), portrait-painter ; exhibited at West of Scotland Academy, where a fatal accident caused his death.
^ John Gibson (1794–1854), glass-stainer ; sheriff of Newcastle, 1854.
^ John Gibson (1790–1866), sculptor; of humble parentage: while at Liverpool attracted the attention of William Roscoe; lived at Rome, and received instruction from Canova and Thorwaldsen, 1817; his first commission, the Chatsworth Mars and Cupid followed byPsyche and ZephyrsSleeping Shepherd BoyHylas and the Nymphs 1819-26,Cupid disguised as a Shepherd 1837, and other works: R~A.., 1838; during visit to England (1844) publicly entertained at Glasgow, and received commission for bust of Queen Victoria, his first tinted work; modelled statue of Queen Victoria for Houses of Parliament, 1860-5, which, with his Tinted Venus and Pandora and Cupid (all coloured), were seen at the International Exhibition, 1862; executed three statues of Huskisson, and one of Sir Robert Peel in Westminster Abbey; the last of the purist or abstract school of sculptors; bequeathed his property to the Royal Academy.
^ John Gibson (1817–1892), architect ; articled to Joseph Aloysius Hansom, and (Sir) Charles Barry ; successful in competition for National Bank of Scotland, Glasgow, 1844, and carried out work; A.R.I.B.A., 1849; F.R.I.B.A., 1853. His works chiefly country houses and banks include the head offices and numerous branches of the National Provincial Bank of England.
^ Kennet Gibson (1730–1772), antiquary; educated at Eton; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1752; rector of Marham, Northamptonshire; hisComment on part of the Fifth Journey of Autouiuus through Britain printed by NichoLs 1800.
^ Mathew Gibson (d. 1741?), antiquary ; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1700; rector of Abbey Dore, 1722-41; publishedView of Ancient and Present State of the Churches of Door, Home-Lacy, and Hempsted, 1727 with memoirs of Scudamore family.
^ Matthew Gibson (1734–1790), Roman catholic prelate; professor at Douay; vicar-general to Bishop Walton, 1776; vicar-apostolic of Northern England, 1780; joined in issuing Protestation oath encyclical, 1789; with Thomas Eyre (1748-1810) published The London, or Little Catechism 1784.
^ Patrick Gibson (1782?–1829), landscape-painter and writer; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1805-7, and at several Edinburgh galleries; foundation member of Scottish Academy, 1826; professor of painting at Dollar Academy, 1824-9; his Landscape Composition preserved in Scottish National Gallery, and portrait of himself (water-colour) in the Portrait Gallery; published Etchings of Select Views in Edinburgh 1818; contributed to Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia.
^ Richard Gibson (1615–1690), dwarf and miniature-painter: page to Charles I and Henrietta Maria; executed several portraits of Cromwell and many miniatures; his marriage to Anne Shepherd, also a dwarf, commemorated by Waller; portrait of him and his wife painted by Lely.
^ Solomon Gibson (d. 1866), sculptor : brother of John Gibson (1790-1866); best known for his small Mercury modelled at sixteen; wrote papers on Welsh literature; died at Paris.
^ Susan Penelope Gibson (1652–1700), miniaturist; daughter of Richard Gibson
^ Thomas Gibson (d. 1662), printer, medical practitioner, and author; noted for extraordinary cures; recommended by Latimer to Cromwell, 1537; fled to Geneva in reign of Mary; licensed by Cambridge University to practise physic, 1559; printed in London bis own books, including a New Testament concordance (1535), and several medical and anti-papal works.
^ Thomas Gibson (1647–1722), physician; M.D. Leyden, 1675; physician-general to the army, 1718-19: published Anatomy of Humane Bodies epitomized 1682.
^ Thomas Gibson (1680?–1751), portrait-painter ; friend of Vertue; painted portraits of Vertue, Locke, Flamsteed, and Archbishop Wake.
^ Thomas Milner Gibson - (1806–1884), statesman; at school with Disraeli at Higham Hill, Essex, afterwards at Charterhouse; B.A. and thirty-sixth wrangler, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1830; conservative M.P. for Ipswich, 1837-9; resigned on change of views: active member and speaker of Anti-Cornlaw League: liberal M.P., Manchester, 1841; vice-president of board of trade, 1846-8; privy councillor, 1846; seconded Cobden's vote of censure on Palmerstou's Chinese policy, 1857; M.P. for Ashton-under-Lyne, 1857-68; carried motion to amend law of conspiracy, which caused Palmerstou's resignation, 1858; president of the board of trade in Palmerston's last ministry, 1859-65, and under Lord Russell, 1866-6; active promoter of the commercial treaty with France, and the abolition of the newspaper stamp, advertisement, and paper duties; received a pension of 2,OOOZ. on retirement; died on his yacht off Algiers,
^ William Gibson (fl. 1540), lord of session; graduated at Glasgow, 1507: dean of Restalrig; lord of session, 1532; employed on embassies to the pope, who bestowed on him armorial bearings; suffragan to Cardinal Beaton and Custos Ecclesiae Scoticae 1540.
^ William Gibson (1629–1684), quaker; served at one time in parliamentarian army; frequently imprisoned for preaching and refusing oaths, 1664-61; his goods distrained for non-payment of tithe, 1676-7; published theological treatises.
^ William Gibson (1644–1702), miniature-painter; nephew of Richard Gibson: pupil and copyist of Lely.
^ William Gibson (1720–1791), mathematician; while working as a farmer taught himself reading, writing, geometry, algebra, and trigonometry, and acquired a knowledge of higher mathematics; land-surveyor.
^ William Gibson (1738–1821), Roman catholic prelate; brother of Matthew Gibson (1734-1790); president of Douay College, 1781-90: vicar-apostolic of northern England, 1790; founded Ushaw College.
^ William Gibson (1808–1867), presbyterian divine; established Banner of Ulster 1842; moderator of general assembly, 1859; author of The Year of Grace, a History of the Ulster Revival of 1859
^ William Sidney Gibson (1814–1871), author; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1843; registrar of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne district court of bankruptcy, 1843-69; published works, including History of Tynemouth Monastery 1846-1847, Descriptive and Historical Notices of Northumbrian Antiquities 1848-64, Memoir of Northumberland 1860, and Memoir of Lord Lyndhurst 1866.
^ Davies Giddy (1767–1839).
^ Sampson Gideon (1699–1762), Jewish financier : of Portuguese extraction: consulted by Walpole and Pelham; raised 1,700,000;. for government, 1745; advised and executed consolidation of National Debt, 1749; paid bounties for recruiting, 1756, and raised several government loans during seven yearswar; his son created a baronet and Baron Eardley in peerage of Ireland. See EARDLEY, SIR CULLING EARDLEY.
^ Sir Ambrose Hardinge Giffard (1771–1827), chief-justice of Ceylon, 1819-27; barrister, Inner Temple.
^ Bonaventure Giffard (1642–1734), Roman catholic bishop; D.D. from the Sorbonne, 1677; chaplain to James II; first vicar-apostolic of midland district, 1688; bishop of Madaura, in partibus, 1688; made by James II president of Magdalen College, Oxford; installed by proxy, 31 March 1688; ejected, on the restoration of his predecessor, John Hough, 26 Oct. 1688; imprisoned in Newgate at the Revolution; transferred to London district on liberation; had also western district, 1708-13; in constant danger; bequeathed his heart to Douay College.
^ Sir George Markham Giffard (1813–1870), lord justice of appeal; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1832; B.C.L., 1841; barrister, Inner Temple, 1840; leading chancery junior; Q.O., 1859; lord justice of appeal, 1868-70; privy councillor, 1868.
^ Godfrey Giffard (1235?-1302), chancellor of England and bishop of Worcester; younger brother Oi Walter Giffard; archdeacon of Barustnple, 1265, and York, 1267, though a deacon; chancellor of England, 1266-70; bishop of Worcester, 1268-1302; treated with ! Llewelyn, 1272; went to meet Edward I on his return from the Holy Land, 1273; justice itinerant, 1278; negotiated with the Scots, 1289; involved in constant disputes with chapter of Worcester; a benefactor of the cathedral.
^ Henry Wells Giffard (1810–1854), navy captain; present as midshipman at Navarino, 1827; present at capture of Ohusan and Canton, 1839, and reduction of Amoy and Ghingbae, 1841; mortally wounded and captured in the Tiger at Odessa.
^ John Giffard , Baron Giffard of Bromsfield (1232-1299), fought for de Montfort in the west; captured Warwick Castle, 1264; taken at Lewes, but rescued, 1264; attached himself to Gilbert de Clare and fought for the royalists at Evesham, 1265; served Edward I in Wales, Gascony, and Scotland; summoned by writ to parliament of 1295; member of council of regency, 1297; founded Gloucester Hall (now Worcester College), Oxford, 1283.
^ Roger Giffard (d. 1697), president of the College of Physicians; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and of All Souls; M.A., 1560; M.D., 1566; physician to Queen Elizabeth; president, College of Physicians, 1681-4.
^ Stanley Lees Giffard (1788–1868), first editor of theStandard brother of Sir Ambrose Hardiuge Giffard; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1811: barrister, Middle Temple, 1811; LL.D.: editor of theStandard from 1827; editor of St. James's Chronicle; contributed to theQuarterly and Blackwood
^ Walter Giffard (d. 1279), archbishop of York ; consecrated at Paris bishop of Bath and Wells, 1265; excommunicated Leicester and his followers; chancellor after Evesham, 1266-6; one of the arbitrators of the award of Kenilworth, 1266; archbishop of York, 12661279; tutor to Prince Edward's sons; one of the three regents, 1272-4, and 1275.
^ William Giffard (d. 1129), bishop of Winchester ; dean of Rouen and chancellor to William II; nominated to see of Winchester by Henry I on his accession, 1100; inducted by Anselm; refusing to receive consecration from Gerard or Girard, the newly appointed archbishop of York, was banished by the king; maintained intinmurelations ith Ansel in, whom he accompanied to Kimn. 1103; consecrated, after settlement of the invcstitun- di~ pute, 1107; as deputy for the primate married Henry 1 and Queeu Adela, 1121; his disputes with the monks of Winchester ended by royal intervention, 1124; founded at Waverley, Surrey, 1128, the first English Cistercian house; benefactor of St. Mary Overies, South wark; built London residence for bishops of Winchester in Southwark.
^ Countess of Gifford (1807–1867). See Helen Selina Sheridan.
^ Adam Gifford, Lord Gifford (1820–1887), lord of session; called to Scottish bar, 1849; advocate-depute, 1861; sheriff of Orkney and Zetland, 1865; lord of session as Lord Gifford, 1870-81; founded Gifford lectureships in natural theology.
^ Andrew Gifford (1700–1784), baptist minister and numismatist; D.D. Aberdeen, 1754; chaplain to Sir Richard Ellys and Lady Ellys, 1731-45; ministerat Eagle Street, London, 1730-84; assistant-librarian at British Museum, 1757-84; his collection of coins purchased by George II; left valuable books, manuscripts, pictures, and curios to baptist academy, Bristol; edited Folkes's Tables of English Silver and Gold Coins 1763.
^ George Gifford (d. 1620), divine; student at Hart Hall, Oxford, before 1568; incumbent of All Saints with St. Peter's, Maldon, 1582; deposed for nonconformity, 1584; carried on controversy with the Brownists, Henry Barrow, and John Greenwood; published theological works his Dialogue concerning Witches and Witchcrafts (1593) reprinted by Percy Society.
^ George Gifford (fl. 1635), engraver; chiefly known for the portrait of Latimer prefixed to the 1635 edition of Latimer's sermons.
^ Gilbert Gifford or Giffard (1561?–1590), Roman catholic spy; of the Cbillington family; while at the English College, Rome, entered English secret service, 1583; visited Mary Queen of Scots at Chartley, 1584, and was entrusted with her secret correspondence with the French embassy: treacherously copied letters, sending originals to Walsingham; intimate with Anthony Babington, whose designs he encouraged and communicated to Walsingham; carried letters from Mary to Babington approving the conspiracy; accused by Romanists of concocting the whole plot; died in pri.-on at Paris.
^ Humphrey Gifford (fl. 1580), poet; author of A Posie of Gilloflowers 1580.
^ James Gifford , the elder (1740?-1813), unitarian writer; educated at Rugby; served in the 14th foot during American war; published theological works, including Elucidation of the Uuity of God 1783.
^ James Gifford , the younger (1768–1853), rearadmiral; son of James Gifford the elder; born at Halifax, Nova Scotia; lieutenant in the navy, 1793; rear-admiral, 1846; published Remonstrance of a Unitarian... to Bishop of St. David's 1818.
^ John Gifford (fl. 1636–1642), D.D. Christ Church, Oxford, rector of St. Michael Bassishaw, 1636-1642; expelled as a royalist, 1642.
^ John Gifford (1758–1818), author; of Westminster and St. John's College, Oxford; abandoned bis paternal name of Green, and assumed that of Gifford to deceive his creditors, c. 1781; London police magistrate; edited, in imitation of the Anti-Jacobin of William Gifford (1766-1826), tneAnti-Jacobin Review and Magazine published 1798-1821: also published History of France 1791-4 andPolitical Life of Pitt 1809.
^ Richard Gifford (1725–1807), author : B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1748: vicar of Duffield, 1759: rector of North Okendon, 1772; his Contemplation, a Poem 1753, quoted in Johnson's Dictionary; published an answer to Priestley's dissertation on matter and ii
^ Robert Gifford, first Baron Gifford (1779 18W), judge; special pleader: barrister, Middle Temple, 1808; recorder of Bristol, 1812; solicitor-general, 1817; attorney-general, 1819; prosecuted Oato Street conspirators, 1820; M.P., Eye, 1817-1824; addreteed House of Lords against Queen Caroline, 1820; serjeantat-law, 1824: chief-justice of common pleas, privy councillor, and created peer, 1824; master of the roll* and deputy-speaker of House of Lords.
^ William Gifford (1654–1629), archbishop of Rheims; studied at Lincoln College, Oxford; studied at Louvain under Bellarmine and at the Sorbonne and English colleges at Rheims and Rome; M.A. Louvain; almoner and chaplain to Cardinal Allen at Rome, 1587; dean of Lille, 1596; rector of Rheims University, 1608, where he became a Benedictine; famed as a preacher at Paris and throughout France; first president of English Benedictines, 1617; coadjutor of cardinal of Guise, 1618, at Rheims; archbishop of Rheims, 1622; edited Dr. W. Reynolds's Catvino-Turcismus,* 1597, and wrote several works in the interests of the Due de Guise.
^ William Gifford (1756–1826), first editor of the Quarterly Review; son of a glazier at Ashburton; shoemaker's apprentice; sent by a surgeon named William Cookesley to Exeter College, Oxford; B.A., 1782; afterwards patronised by Lord Grosvenor; became known by bis satires, the Baviad (1794) and Mviad (1795), against the Delia Cruscans and small dramatists; editor of and writer inAnti-Jacobin(1797-8): published Epistle to Peter Pindar 1800, attacking Wolcot, who assaulted him at a bookshop in mistake for his namesake, John Gifford, of the Anti-Jacobin Review; editor of the Quarterly Review 1809-24; probably wrote the Quarterly's attack on Keats's Endymion 1818; inspected Byron's works before publication: founded exhibitions at Exeter College, Oxford; edited Juvenal, with autobiography, 1802, and translated Persiua, 1821; edited the dramatic works of Massinger, 1805 and 1813, of Ben Jonsou, 1816, and of Ford, 1827.
^ Giovanni Gigli (d. 1498), bishop-elect of Worcester; came to England as collector for Pope Sixtus IV; commissioner for sale of indulgences, 1489; rewarded for his services for Henry VII at Rome by see of Worcester, 1497, but died at Rome before enthronement; wrote epitbalamium on marriage of Henry VIL
^ Silvestro Gigli (1463–1521), bishop of Worcester; nephew of Giovanni Gigli; bishop of Worcester, 1499; resident ambassador of Henry VII at Rome; envoy of Pope Julius II to England, 1504; stayed at court as master of ceremonies; envoy to the Lateran council, 1512; confidential agent for Wolsey at Rome; correspondent of Erasmus.
^ James William Gilbart (1794–1863), writer on banking; banker in London, Birmingham, and Ireland; manager of the London and Westminster Bank, 1833-59; F.R.S. and member of Statistical Society; chief works, Practical Treatise on Banking 1827, and History and Principles of Banking 1834.
^ Gilbert the Universal (d. 1134?), bishop of London; magister at Auxerre, c. 1120; bishop of London, 1127 or 1128; took part in council of London, 1129, which condemned marriage of priests; his infinite wealth confiscated by Henry I; accused by the chronicler, Henry of Huntingdon, of avarice, but highly commended by St. Bernard; benefactor of sees of London and Auxerre; owed his title Universal to bis encyclopaedic learning; his only extant work, a treatise on Lamentations; many of bis works confused with those of Gilbert of Auxerre and Gilbert Foliot.
^ Gilbert of Louth (d. 1153?), abbot of Basingwerk, Flintshire; sent from Louth by Gervase, e. 1140, to obtain grant for an Irish monastery; the Purgatorium Sancti Patricii wrongly ascribed to him.
^ Gilbert the Great or the Theologian (d. 1167?), eighth abbot of Cîteaux; an Englishman; abbot of Cistercians at Ourcamp, 1143, at Cîteaux, 1163; supported Geoffrey of Clairvaux against the pope and king of France; author ofCommentaries on the Psalms and other works.
^ Gilbert of Hoyland (rf. 1172), theological writer : an English Cistercian, often confused with Gilbert the Great; disciple of St. Bernard of clairvaux; abbot of Swineshead, Lincolnshire, 1 163; said to have died at Rivour, near Trpyes; his sermons and Tractatus Ascetici printed in Migue's Patrologia and Mabillon's works of St. Bernard.
^ Gilbert of Semprinqham (1083?–1189), founder of the Gilbertine order, the head of the thirteen houses being at Sempringham, Lincolnshire, c. 1135; met Pope Eugenius III at Giteaux; received abbot's staves from St. Bernard and St. Malachy; supported Becket against Henry II; held in great regard by Henry II and Queen Eleanor, who protected him against the enemies made by the rapacity of his servants; lived to be over a hundred, but retired from his abbacy long before death; canonised by Innocent III, 1202.
^ Gilbert of Moray (d. 1245), bishop of Caithness, 1223; archdeacon of Moray, 1203; built Doruoch Cathedral; last Scotsman enrolled in calendar of sainte.
^ Gilbert the Englishman (fl. 1250), medical writer; studied and practised abroad, and is said to have been chancellor of Moutpellier; his Compendium Medicinae or Laurea Anglicana largely a compilation from Greek and Arab writers, first printed at Lyons, 1510.
^ Gilbert of St Lifard (d. 1305), bishop of Chichester; a foreigner, probably named from church of St. Lifard (Leofard), near Meung-sur- Loire; practised as ecclesiastical lawyer chiefly in the north of England; treasurer of Ohichester, 1282; employed by Archbishop Peckham on commission to define rights of metropolitical jurisdiction, 1282, and in disputes with monks; bishop of Chichester, 1288-1305; his constitutions of reform (1289) re-enacted by Archbishop William of Greenfield; rebuilt east end of his cathedral.
^ Mrs Ann Gilbert (1782–1866), writer of children's poetry; better known under her maiden name, Ann Taylor; with her sister Jane wrote Original Poems for Infant Minds 1804-5, Rhymes for the Nursery 1806, and Hymns 1810; married Joseph Gilbert, 1813; afterwards published Seven Blessings for Little Children 1844; contributed to Leifchild's Original Hymns and compiled memoir of her husband, 1853; her Autobiography issued, 1874.
^ Ashurst Turner Gilbert (1786–1870), bishop of Chichester; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford; M.A., 1811; D.D., 1822; principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1822-42; vice-chancellor, 1836-40: bishop of Ohichester, 1842-70; interdicted the Rev. John Purchas, 1868; published sermons and charges.
^ Charles Sandoe Gilbert (1760–1831), historian of Cornwall; itinerant vendor of medicines in Devon and Cornwall; published two volumes (1817 and 1820) of Historical Survey of Com wall
^ Claudius Gilbert , the elder (d. 1696?), ecclesiastic; minister under Commonwealth of the precinct of Limerick; active against the quakers; settled at Belfast after the Restoration; published The Libertine School'd, or a Vindication of the MagistratesPower in Religious Matters 1657, and other works.
^ Claudius Gilbert , the younger (1670–1743), ecclesiastic; son of Claudius Gilbert the elder; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1693; D.D. and LL.D., 1706; vice-provost, 1716; rector of Ardstraw, 1736; bequeathed many books to Trinity College, Dublin.
^ Davies Gilbert (formerly Giddy) (1767–1839), president of the Royal Society; assumed wife's name of Gilbert, 1817; educated at Penzance and Pembroke College, Oxford: M.A., 1789; D.C.L., 1832; high sheriff of Cornwall, 1792-3; M.P., Helston, 1804, Bodmin, 1806-32; promoted cause of science and art in parliament; acquired large property in Sussex by marriage, 1808: published 'Plain Statement of the Bullion Question 1811; F.S.A., 1820; early encouraged Sir Humphry Davy; treasurer of Royal Society, 1820, president, 1827-30; nominated writers of Bridgewater treatises, and (1830) selected Brunei's design for Clifton bridge; published Parochial History of Cornwall 1838; editedCollection of Christmas Carolsand two Cornish mystery plays,
^ Elizabeth Margaretta Maria Gilbert (1826-1885), philanthropist; second daughter of Ashurst Turner Gilbert; rendered blind as a child by scarlet fever; with William Hanks Levy foundedAssociation for Promoting the General Welfare of the Blind; assisted Levy in writing Blindness and the Blind 1872.
^ Sir Geoffrey Gilbert or Jeffray (1674-1726), judge; barrister. Inner Temple, 1698; chief baron of Irish exchequer, 1716-22; resisted claim to jurisdiction of the Irish parliament in case of Annesley v. Sherlock, 1718; English judge of exchequer, 1722; knighted, 1725; a commissioner of great seal, 1725; his Law of Uses and Trusts(1734), edited by Sugden, 1811, and 'Treatise of Tenures' (1754), by Watkins and Vidal, 1824; his History and Practice of Civil Actions in the Court of Common Pleas(1737), praised by Blackstone.
^ George Gilbert (1559?–1583), founder (with Thomas Pound of Belmont) of the Catholic Association 1579; became a Jesuit; died at Rome.
^ Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1539?–1683), navigator; step-brother of Ralegh; educated at Eton and Oxford; served under Sir Henry Sidney in Ireland; given charge of Munster, 1569; knighted, 1570; M.P., Plymouth, 1571; rebuked in parliament by Peter Weutworth ; unsuccessful against the Spaniards in Zeeland, 1672; composed in retirement hisDiscourse of a Discoueryfora New Passage to Cataia(ed. G. Gascoigne, 1676); obtained charter for discovery and plantation, 1578; failed in his first voyage, 1579; served under Perrot against the Spanish ships off Munster, 1579; left Plymouth with five ships to colonise Newfoundland, 1583; landed at harbour of St. John (5 Aug. 1583) and there founded the first British colony hi North America; after a voyage of discovery along the south coast sailed for England (1 Sept.), but was lost in a storm off the Southern Azores; his scheme for the erection in London of an Achademy to educate royal wards and others printed by Dr. Furnivall, 1869.
^ John Gilbert (fl. 1680), theological writer ; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1680; published Answer to the Bishop of Condom (now of Meaux), his Exposition of the Catholic Faith 1686.
^ John Gilbert (1693–1761), archbishop of York ; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1718; M.A. Merton College, 1718; prebendary (1723), sub-dean 1724-6) and dean(1726) of Exeter; LL.D. Lambeth, 1724; bishop of Llandaff, 1740-9, of Salisbury, 1749; clerk of the closet, 1750; archbishop of York, 1757-61; began the practice of laying hands on each candidate at confirmation.
^ Sir John Gilbert (1817–1897), historical painter and draughtsman on wood; entered estate agentsoffice in city of London, 1833; exhibited two drawings of historical subjects at Suffolk Street, 1836, and two oil-paintings at British Institution, 1837; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1838-51, and from 1867; worked at book illustration, illustrating most of the English poets and other works, including Howard Stauuton's edition of Shakespeare, 1856-60; joined staff of Illustrated London News 1842, as draughtsman on wood, and contributed drawings regularly to London Journal from 1845; president of Old Water-colour Society, 1871-97; knighted, 1872; R.A., 1876; made presents of collections of his pictures to municipal galleries of London, Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester, 1893.
^ John Graham Gilbert - (1794–1866). See Graham-Gilbert.
^ Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1829–1898), Irish historian and antiquary; joint honorary secretary to Irish Celtic and Archaeological Society, 1855; secretary of Public Record Office, Dublin, 1867-75; vice-president of Royal Irish Academy; LL.D. Royal University, 1892: knighted, 1897. -His works include Historical Essays on Ireland 1861, History of the City of Dublin 1854-0, 'History of the Viceroys of Ireland 1865, and Contemporary History of Affairs in Ireland, 1641-1662 1879-1880.
^ Joseph Gilbert (1779 1862), congregational divine; classical tutor at Rothcrham College: minister at Sheffield and Nottingham, 1828-51; published life of Dr. Edward Williams (1760-1813), 1825, a defence of Williams's hypothesis of origin of evil, 1808, and a work on the atonement, 1836.
^ Joseph Francis Gilbert (1792–1865), painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy after 1813.
^ Marie Dolores Eli Rosanna Gilbert (1818-1861), adventuress; known by her stage name Lola Montez; daughter of military officer; married Captain Thomas James, 1837; divorced, 1842; appeared at Her Majesty's Theatre, London, as a dancer, 1843, pretending to be a native of Spain; highly successful at Dresden, Berlin, Warsaw, St. Petersburg, and Paris; became mistress of Ludwig I of Bavaria, who created her Baronne de Rosenthai and Comtesse de Lansfeld, 1847; exercised full control over government of Bavaria, 1847-8; banished, owing to Austrian and Jesuit influence, 1848; married in England George Trafford Heald, 1849; fled with him to Spain to avoid bigamy proceedings; appeared at New York and Philadelphia, 1852, in Ware'sLola Montez in Bavaria married P. P. Hull of the San Francisco Whig in California, 1853; played at Sydney and Melbourne, 1855; horsewhipped the editor of the Ballarat Times 1856: played and lectured at New York, 1857-8, and published The Art of Beauty; devoted herself to helping fallen women; died at Asteria, New York.
^ Nicolas Alain Gilbert (1762–1821), Roman catholic divine; born at St. Malo; established mission at Whitby; published theological works.
^ Richard Gilbert (1794–1852), printer and compiler, of St. John's Square, Clerkenwell.
^ Samuel Gilbert (d. 1692?), floriculturist; sonin-law of John Rea; rector of Quatt, Shropshire; publishedFlorist's Vade-mecum and Gardener's Almanack 1683.
^ Thomas Gilbert (1610–1673), ejected minister ; rector of Cheadle; when ejected from vicarage of Baling emigrated to New England; pastor of Topsfield, Massachusetts; buried at Charlestown.
^ Thomas Gilbert (1613–1694), ejected minister ; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1638; vicar of Upper Winchendon, and c. 1644, St. Lawrence, Reading; rector of Edgmond; took the covenant; nicknamed bishop of Shropshire; lost Edgmond at Restoration; ejected from Winchendon, 1662: preached in family of Lord Wharton; wrote Latin and English poems.
^ Thomas Gilbert (1720–1798), poor-law reformer : barrister, Inner Temple, 1744; treasurer, 1789; advised Bridgewater to engage James Brindley, whose canals he promoted; M.P., Newcastle-under-Lyme, 1763-8, Lichfield, 1768-95; carried two poor-law measures, 1782; his poor-law bill of 1787 criticised by Sir Henry Bate Dudley; chairman of committees, 1784; carried measures for reform of houses of correction and improvement of highways, and an act for facilitating clerical residence by loans from Queen Anne's Bounty Gilbert's Act; his propositions for helping friendly societies by parochial grants embodied in act of 1793; editedCollection of Pamphlets concerning the Poor 1787.
^ Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert (1785–1853), lieutenant-general; lieutenant, 15th Bengal native infantry, 1803; served under Macdonald at AllyGhur, Delhi, Agra, Laswarrie, and siege of Bhurtpore; colonel, 1832; lieutenant-general, 1851; commanded division in Sikh wars; captured remnant of enemy's force after Goojerat, 1849; G.C.B. and member of council of India, 1850; created baronet, 1851.
^ William Gilbert (1540–1603), physician to Queen Elizabeth and James I; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1561; M.A., 1564; M.D., 1569; president of College of Physicians, 1600; declared the earth to be a magnet in his De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus (1600), the first great scientific book published in England.
^ William Gilbert (1760?–1825?), poet; born in Antigua; educated for the bar: in asylum at Bristol, 1787-8; friend of Coleridge and Southey; published The Hurricane: a Theosophical and Western Eclogue 1796.
^ William Gilbert (1804–1890), author; midshipman in East India Company's service, 1818-21; studied at Guy's Hospital, 1825; for short period assistant surgeon in navy; published novels, many of which dealt with the contrast between the lots of rich and poor; some of his works illustrated by his son, Mr. William Schwenck Gilbert.
^ Samuel Gilburne or Gilborne (fl. 1605), actor; mentioned as one of Shakespeare's fellow-actors in the Shakespeare First Folio, 1623.
^ Anthony Gilby (d. 1585), puritan divine; M.A., Christ's College, Cambridge, 1535; entertained Foxe at Frankfort; a pastor of the English congregation at Geneva, 1565: assisted in Geneva translation of the bible; presented by Huntingdon to living of Ashby-de-la-Zouch before 1564; his prosecution for nonconformity ordered by Parker, 1571; translated commentaries of Calvin and Beza, and published commentaries on Micah and Malachl and controversial works.
^ Goddard Gilby (fl. 1561), translator; son of Anthony Gilby; translated Cicero's Epistle to Quintus 1561, and Calvin's Admonition against Judicial Astrology
^ William Hall Gilby (d. 1821?) geologist: M.D. Edinburgh, 1815; president of Royal Society of Medicine; contributed geological papers to Edinburgh Philosophical Journal
^ Alexander Gilchrist (1828–1861), biographer; his Life of Etty published, 1855, and that of Blake, 1863.
^ Anne Gilchrist (1828–1885), author; wife of Alexander Gilchrist; finished Alexander Gilchrist's Life of Blake prefixing a memoir of the author; published Life of Mary Lamb 1883, essays on Walt Whitman's poetry, and a translation of Hugo's Legende des Siecles 1884.
^ Ebenezer Gilchrist (1707–1774), physician; graduated at Rheims; practised at Dumfries; published Use of Sea Voyages in Medicine 1756, and Essays, Physical and Literary 1770.
^ James Gilchrist (rf. 1777), naval captain : was serving on the Namur when lost, 1749; in command of the Experiment captured sixteen French ships, 1755; fought off Minorca, 1756; captured the Emerande and two privateers, 1757; severely wounded in taking the Danae, 1759.
^ John Borthwick Gilchrist (1759–1841), orientalist; educated at Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1804; surgeon under East India Company at Calcutta, 1794; acquired knowledge of Hindustani, Sanscrit, and Persian; as principal of Fort William College, 1800-4, superintended the production by vernacular scholars of Urdu and Hindi text-books for Europeans; retired from service, 1809; professor of Hindustani at Oriental Institution, Leicester Square, 1818-26; publishedHindustani Dictionary 1787-90,Hindustani Grammar 1796,Dialogues, English and Hindustani 1804, and British Indian Monitor 1806-8, also Persian text-books.
^ Octavius Graham Gilchrist (1779–1823), antiquary: F.S.A., 1803; edited poems of Richard Corbet , 1807; published (1808) Examination of the Charges maintained by Malone, Chalmers, and others of Ben Jonson's Enmity towards Shakespeare; had controversies with Stephen Jones, editor of Biographia Dramatica and with William Lisle Bowles.
^ Gildas (516?–570?) British historian: went to Brittany, e. 650, and is said to have founded monastery of Ruys, near Vannes; a popular Breton saint: called by Alcuin the wisest of the Bretons: his De Excidib Britanniafirst printed by Polydore Vergil, 1525, the first English version being that of Habington, 1638.
^ Gildas minor or Nennius (fl. 796). See Nennius
^ John Gilderdale (d. 1864), divine; M.A. St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1830: B.D., 1853; incumbent of Walthamstow and principal of Forest School: published Essay on Natural Religion and Revelation 1837.
^ Charles Gildon (1665–1724), author; advocated deism in an edition of the works of Charles Blount (16641693); defended orthodoxy inDeist's Manual 1705: attacked Pope as Sawney Dapper and was included by him in The Dunciad; published Life and Adventures of Defoe five plays, and an edition, with continuation, of Langbaine's Dramatic Poets 1699.
^ Francis Giles (1787–1847), civil engineer : engaged in surveying under Renuie; constructed works on South- Western railway and Newcastle and Carlisle railway; constructed the Warwick bridge, Cumberland; long opposed as expert railway enterprises of George Stephenson.
^ James Giles (1801–1870), landscape-painter ; at thirteen maintained mother and sister by painting; R.S.A., 1829; his best works angling pictures
^ John Allen Giles (1808–1884), editor and translator; educated at Charterhouse; M.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford, 1831; fellow, 1832; double first and Vinerian scholar; D.O.L., 1838; head-master of the City of London School, 1836-40; obliged by Bishop Wilberforce to suppress his Christian Records 1854; imprisoned for making a false entry in Bampton marriage register to shield one of his servants, 1855; vicar of Sutton, 1867-84; published Patres Ecclesise Anglican (1837-43), edited works for Oaxton Society (1845-54); translated for Bohn Matthew Paris, Baeda's Ecclesiastical History and theSaxon Chronicle published also life of Becket, 1845, and of King Alfred, 1848, and histories of Bampton and Witney.
^ Nathaniel Giles (d. 1634), musical composer ; organist of St. George's, Windsor, 1595: master of the children of the Chapel Royal, 1597; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1622; published Lesson of Descant of thirtie-eighte Proportions on the plain-song.Miserere his service in C and anthem, give thanks printed in Barnard's collection.
^ George Gilfillan (1813–1878), author; son of Samuel Gilfillan; friend of Thomas Aird,; De Quincey, and Oarlyle; educated at Glasgow College; j united presbyterian minister of the School- Wynd Church, Dundee, 1836-78; twice accused of heresy; helped Sydney Dobell and Alexander Smith; published works, including Hades a sermon, 1843, Gallery of Literary Portraits," Alpha and Omega 1850, Bards of the BibleHistory of a Man 1856, editions of poets with lives, 1853-60; the Gilfillan Testimonial Trust formed for founding scholarships from a subscription raised in his honour, 1877-8.
^ James Gilfillan (1797–1874), Scottish divine ; brother of George Gilfillan; ordained in Stirling secession congregation, 1822; LL.D. Glasgow, 1866; published "The Sabbath, viewed in the Light of Reason, Revelation, and History 1861.
^ Robert Gilfillan (1798–1850), poet ; his Peter raw ' praised in ' Noctes Ambrosianae ' ; published, 1831,Original Songs (set by Peter M'Leod).
^ Samuel Gilfillan (1762–1826), secession minister of Oomrie, Strathearn, Perthshire; educated at Glasgow; his wife, Rachel Barlas, known as the star of the north; published Discourses on the Dignity, Grace, and Operations of the Holy Spirit 1826.
^ Alexander Gill , the elder (1565–1635), highmaster of St. Paul's School: M.A. Corpus Cbristi College, Oxford, 1589; high-master of St. Paul's School, 1608-35, Milton being one of his pupils; published Logonomia Anglica 1619.
^ Alexander Gill, the younger (1597–1642), highmaster of St. Paul's, 1635-9; son of Alexander Gill the elder; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1619: D.D. Trinity College, Oxford, 1637; his Latin verses praised by Milton; sentenced to imprisonment, fine, and loss of his ears for speaking disrespectfully of Charles I and drinking a health to Buckingham's assassin, 1628; pardoned, 1630 dismissed for severity from St. Paul's; attacked Ben Jonson's Magnetick Lady.
^ John Gill (1697–1771), baptist minister : Wednesday-evening lecturer in Great Eastcheap, 1729-56; D.D. Aberdeen, 1748: published works, including Exposition of the Holy Scriptures 1746-8, 1766, andDissertation on the Antiquity of the Hebrew Language 1767.
^ William John Gill ('843–1882), captain of royal engineers; served in India, 1869-71; travelled with Valentine Baker in Persia, 1873, making a valuable survey; with E. Colborue Baker in Szechuen, China, and with Mr. Mesuy in Eastern Thibet, making a large map and valuable observations, for which the Geographical Society's gold medal was awarded; assistant commissioner for delimiting Asiatic boundary of Russia and Turkey, 1879; travelled in country between Tunis and Egypt, 1881; with Professor Palmer and Lieutenant Charrington murdered by Bedouins in the desert when on his way as intelligence pfllcer to cut the telegraph wire from Cairo to Constantinople to prevent its use by Arabi Pasha.
^ Robert Glllan (1800–1879), Scottish divine; studied at Edinburgh High School and University; minister of St. John's, Glasgow, 1847-61, and of Incbinnan, Renfrewshire, 1861-79; D.D. Glasgow, 1853; moderator of the general assembly, 1873; lectured on pastoral theology at four Scottish universities.
^ Gllle or Gillebert (fl. 1105–1145), bishop of Limerick; termed by Keating Giolla Easbog; friend and correspondent of Anselm, who induced him to attempt the introduction into Ireland of the Roman liturgy; presided over the synod of Rathbreasail as papal legate, about 1111.
^ George Glllespie (1613–1648). Scottish divine; Milton's Galasp M.A. St. Andrews, 1629; issued anonymously Dispute against the English Popish Ceremonies obtruded Upon the Church of Scotland 1637; presented to Wemyss, Fifeshire, 1638, and ordained nonepiscopally; preached before Charles I at Holyrood, 1641; pensioned, 1641; translated to Greyfriars, Edinburgh, 1642; the youngest member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643, where he opposed Selden's views on church government; introduced the directory to Edinburgh assembly, 1645; presented confession of faith to general assembly, 1647: moderator, 1648; elected to the high church of Edinburgh, 1648; his tombstone at Kirkcaldy broken by the hangman by order of the committee of estates, 1661; published theological works.
^ James Gillespie (1726–1797), founder of hospital at Edinburgh; owned a snuff-mill at Oolinton; witn his younger brother carried on business in High Street, Edinburgh; left bequests for foundation of a hospital for old people and a school.
^ Patrick Gillespie (1617–1675), principal of Glasgow University; brother of George GiUespie; graduated at St. Andrews, 1635; minister at Kirkcaldy, 1642, of the High Church, Glasgow, 1648; opposed the engagement to rescue Charles I; after Dunbar, raised the Westland Force and drew up its Remonstrance condemning the treaty with Charles II, and making grave charges against the Scottish authorities, 1650; deposed from ministry for protesting against legality of the resolutions making terms wUh malignant* 1651: leader of the protesters 1651; made principal of Glasgow University by Cromwell, 1652; granted Gillespie's Charter 1663, empowering protesters to remodel the church in their own interest; again visited London; became intimate with Lambert and Fleetwood; obtained revenues for his university from church property; deprived and (1661) imprisoned.
^ Sir Robert Rollo Gillespie (1766–1814), major-general; as adjutant-general in San Domingo, 1796, was attacked by eight assassins and killed six; left Jamaica in command of bis regiment, 1801; rescued the 69th at Vellore, 1806; commanded cavalry against Runjeet Singh, 1809; as brigadier headed advance of Aucbmuty's Java expedition, directing attack on Cornells, 1811; deposed sultan of Palembang, Sumatra, 1812; defended Javanese confederacy at Yodhyakarta; major-general, 1812; killed in attack on Kalunga. Nepaul; buried at Meerut; named K.C.B., 1815.
^ Thomas Gillespie (1708–1774), founder of the relief church: studied at Edinburgh University; minister of Carnock, near Dunfermliue, 1741; deposed by general assembly for refusing to ordain Andrew Richardson, 1762; for six and a half years stood alone preaching on the highway and at Dunfermline; joined by Thomas Boston the younger, and by the congregation of Colinsburgh; formed a presbytery, 1761; published Practical Treatise on Temptation 1774.
^ Thomas Gillespie (1777–1844), professor at St. Andrews; distinguished at Edinburgh University; LL.D. Glasgow, 1824; professor of humanity at St. Andrews, 1836; contributed to Blackwood, Constable's Miscellany and Tales of the Borders.
^ William Gillespie (1776–1825), poet ; minister of Kells, 1800; confined to Kirkcudbrightshire for praying for Queen Caroline, 1820; published The Progress of Refinement and other Poems 1805, and Consolation, and other Poems 1816.
^ Adam Gillies, Lord Gillies (1760–1842), Scottish judge: sheriff-depute of Kincardiueshire, 1806; judge, 1811; lord of justiciary, 1812-37; lord commissioner of the jury court, 1816; judge of exchequer, 1837.
^ John Gillies (1712–1796), theological writer; minister of the College Church, Glasgow, from 1742; published Historical Collections relating to the Success of the Gospel 1754 (supplemented, 1761 and 1780), and Life of George Whitefield 1772.
^ John Gillies (1747–1836), historian and classic ; brother of Adam, lord Gillies; educated at Brechin and Glasgow University; LL.D., 1784; P.R.S. and F.S.A.; historiographer royal of Scotland, 1793; published History of Greece 1786, History of the World from Alexander to Augustus 1807,View of the Reign of Frederick II of Prussia 1789, and translations from Aristotle, Lysias, and Isocrates.
^ Margaret Gillies (1803–1887), painter ; educated by her uncle Adam, lord Gillies; painted miniatures of Wordsworth and Dickens, and exhibited portraits at Royal Academy; studied at Paris under Hendrik and Ary Scheffer; associate of the Old Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1862-87.
^ Robert Pearse Gillies (1788–1858), autobiographer; a member of the Ballantyne circle; the Kemperhausen of Christopher North's Noctes Ambrosianae; friend of Scott and Wordsworth; contributed to Blackwoodtranslations from German; in constant pecuniary distress; editedForeign Quarterly," to which Scott, Southey, and Maguire contributed; published, besides 'Memoirs of a Literary Veteran (1851, 3 vols.), several volumes of poems, prose romance, and translations from the German.
^ Thomas Gilliland (fl. 1804–1816), author; said to have haunted the green-room of Drury Lane as a spy upon the private conduct of public men; published The Dramatic Mirror 1808, and satirical pamphlets.
^ Isaac Gilling (1662?–1725), presbyterian minister ; relative of John Fox (1693-1763), his biographer; received presbyterian ordination, 1687; ministered at Axminster, Silverton, and Newton Abbot: active member of Exeter assembly for union of presbyterians and independents, 1691; excluded for siding against subscription: publishedQualifications and Duties of Ministers 1708, and Life of George Trosse 1715.
^ Edmund Gillingwater (1735?–1813), topographer; published Essay on Parish Workhouses 1786, Historical Account of Lowestoft 1790, and Historical Account of St. Edmund's Bury 1804.
^ James Gillis (1802–1864), Roman catholic prelate: born at Montreal; ordained at Aquhorties, 1827; founded St. Margaret's Convent, Edinburgh, the first Scottish post-Reformation religious house, 1835: bishop of Limyra in parlibus, 1838: vicar-apostolic of eastern Scotland, 1852; pronounced panegyric on Joan of Arc at Orleans, 1857, and was presented with the heart of Henry II of England; published pamphlets,
^ Joseph Gillott (1799–1873), steel-pen maker of Birmingham; for some time made pens at Birmingham with aid only of a woman, selling them at a shilling each to a stationer; finally employed 450 bands; his collection of pictures, rich in Turners and Ettys, sold for 170,OOOJ., and his violins for 4,000?.
^ John Gillow (1753–1828), president of Usuaw College, 1811-28; professor at Douay; for twenty years in charge of the York mission.
^ Thomas Gillow (1769–1857), Roman catholic divine; at the Revolution escaped from Douay to Crook Hall, Durham; chaplain at Callaly Castle, Northumberland; missiouer at North Shields, 1821-67.
^ James Gillray (1757–1815), caricaturist: appenticed to a letter-engraver; studied at Royal Academy; said to have etched a caricature at twelve; treated at first anonymously social subjects, turning to political theme* afu-r 1780; executed fifteen hundred piece*, mostly issued by Miss Humphrey at 89 St. James's Street, Piccadilly, London, where he lived; imbecile after 1811. Among his caricatures were many ridiculing the habit* of the royal family, such as Wife or no Wife 1788, Ancient Music 1787, Anti-Saccbarites 1792,Temperance Enjoying a Frugal Meal 1792,A Voluptuary under the Horrors of Digestion 1792, and Sin, Death, and the Devil 1792. He depicted Pitt inThe Vulture of the Constitution," 1789, God save the King 1795, and Disciples Catching the Mantle 1808; Fox in Spouting 1792, Blue and Buff Charity 1793, andThe Worn-out Patriot 1800: Sheridan and Burke in The Dagger Scene 1792, and Fox, Sheridan, and leading radicals inDoublures of Charactersfor 'Anti-Jacobin 1798(7). Other caricatures dealt with Napoleon, Nelson, and the Revolution. His serious work included a profile of Arne after Bartolozzi, two portraits of Pitt, and the miniature of himself in the National Portrait Gallery.
^ William Stephen Gilly (1789–1855), divine ; educated at Christ's Hospital, Caius College, and St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1817; D.D., 1833; vicar of North Fambridge, Essex, 1817; perpetual curate , of St. Margaret, Durham, 1827; vicar of Norham, 1831; canon of Durham, 1853; published works describing his visits to the Vaudois, The Peasantry of the Border; an appeal," 1841, Our Protestant Forefathers," 1835, and other writings.
^ Sir John Gilmour (d. 1671), Scottish judge; counsel for Moutrose, 1641; lord president of the court of ! session, 1661; privy councillor and lord of the articles; defended Argyll and helped to overthrow Middleton, 1663.
^ Bernard Gilpin (1517–1683), the ' Apostle of the North'; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A., 1542; B.D., 1549; one of the first elected to Wplsey's foundation; disputed on the Romanist side with John Hooper and Peter Martyr; denounced spoliation of church property in a sermon before Edward VI, 1562; rector of Easiugton and (1656) archdeacon of Durham; denounced for heresy, but defended by Bishop Tuustall, and promoted to benefice of Houghton-le-Spring: on his way to answer a second charge of heresy when Queen Mary died; refused see of Carlisle, 1559, and provostship of Queen's College, Oxford, 1560; made annual progresses through neglected parts of Northumberland and Yorkshire, preaching and relieving the inhabitants; founded grammar school at Houghton, and supported some of the scholars at bis own cost; interceded for rebels of 1569.
^ George Gilpin 'the Elder' (1514?-1602), diplomatist and translator; elder brother of Bernard Gilpin ; agent of English government in Zeeland, and secretary to Gresham; publishedThe Beehive of the Romish Church (translation of St. Aldegonde's Apiarium Romanum), 1571.
^ Randolph Gilpin (d. 1661), divine : educated at Eton; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1618; chaplain to the Rochelle expedition and rector of Barningham, Suffolk, 1628; D.D., 1660; rector of Worliugham, 1661; published Liturgica Sacra 1667.
^ Richard Gilpin (1625–1700), nonconformist divine and physician; M.A. Edinburgh, 1646; as rector of Greystoke. 1653-61, organised his parish on the congregational model, and formed voluntary association of Cumberland and Westmoreland churches; refused see of Carlisle, 1660: removed to Newcastle, 1662, where he preached in defiance of the statutes against dissenters, and practised as a physician; M.D. Leyden, 1676; publishedDniouologia sacra; a Treatise of Satan's Temptations 1677.
^ Sawrey Gilpin (1733–1807), animal painter: worked under Samuel Scott(1710 7-1772); employed by the Duke of Cumberland to draw from his stud; exhibited at Incorporated Society of Artists, 1762-83, becoming president, 1774; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1786; R.A., 1797; excelled as a painter of horses.
^ William Gilpin (1724 -1804), author; descendant of Bernard Gilpin, and brother of Sawrey Gilpin q. v.; M. A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1748; kept school at Cheam, Surrey, Sidmouth, Redesdale, and the historian Mitford being among his pupils; an advanced educationalist; vicar of Boldre, 1777; built a new poorhouse and endowed school at Boldre; published lives of Bernard Gilpin, 1753, Latimer, 1755, Wycliffe, 1765, Cranmer, 1784, and other reformers; Essay on Prints 1768, Lectures on the Church Catechism 1779, Exposition of the New Testament 1790, and five works illustrated by aquatint drawings, describing his summer tours.
^ William Sawrey Gilpin (1762–1843), watercolour painter and landscape gardener; son of Sawrey Oilpin; first president of the Old Water-colour Society. 1804-6; seceded, 1813; laid out gardens at Danesfield, Euniskillen Castle, and other seats; published * Practical Hints for Landscape Gardening 1832.
^ Frederick Christian Ginkel , second Earl of Athlone (1668-1719), general: served under William III and Anne; lieutenant-general of Dutch cavalry; taken prisoner, 1710.
^ Godert de Ginkel, first Earl of Athlone (1630-1703), general; native of Utrecht; present at Senef, 1674: accompanied William of Orange to England, 1688; distinguished at the Boyne and first siege of Limerick, 1690; left in command in Ireland on departure of William III; captured Athlone, won the victory of Aughrim, and took Limerick, 1691; created Baron of Aughrim and Earl of Athlone and thanked by the speaker, 1692; fought at Steinkirk, 1692, and Landen, 1693; commanded Dutch horse at recapture of Namur, 1695, and assisted in surprise of Givet, 1696: second in command to Marlborough, 1702; died at Utrecht.
^ Sir George Gipp (1791–1847), colonial governor ; entered royal engineers, 1809; wounded in assault on Badajoz, 1812; superintended fortifications of Ostend, 1815; while in West Indies, 1824-9, sent home elaborate reports; private secretary to Lord Auckland, 1834; jointcommissioner in Canada, 1835-7; governor of New South Wales, 1838-46; opened up the country and protected the aborigines, but became unpopular, owing to his arbitrary policy and insistence on the right of the crown to territorial revenue.
^ Sir Richard Gipps (1659–1708), master of the revels at Gray's Inn, 1682; student, 1676; knighted by Charles II; made collections for history of Suffolk.
^ Thomas Gipps (d. 1709), rector of Bury, Lancashire, 1674-1709; educated at St. Paul's School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1662; carried on a controversy with James Owen of Oswestry regarding the presbyterian interpretation of Acts vi. 3.
^ Giraldus de Barri, called Cambrensis(1146?–1220 ?), topographer; native of Pembrokeshire and son of Nesta, a Welsh princess; lectured on the Trivium at Paris; as archdeacon of Brecknock, 1172, procured excommunication of bishop of St. Asaph for trespassing on rights or St. David's; nominated to see of St. David's, 1176, but rejected by Henry II as a Welshman of royal blood; commissary to the bishop of St. David's, 1180; accompanied Prince John to Ireland, 1184, where he refusal several pees; assisted Archbishop Baldwin to preach the crusade in Wales, 1188; sent to keep the peace there on death of Ht-nry II; refused sees of Bangor and Llamiaff, 1190-1; led a student's life at Lincoln, 1192-8; elected to see of St. David's, 1198; went to Rome, but failed to obtain metropolitan dignity; received support from the Welsh princes, but was outlawed and disowned by the chapter, 1202; tied abroad and again reached Rome; imprisoned ut Chatillon; gave way to Henlaw, the newly elected bishop of St. David's, and was reconciled to the kin* and archbishop, receiving a pension and the expenses of hi* suit; buried at St. David's. His works (edited by J. S. Brewer and.1. P. Dimock, 1861-77) include TopoKraphia HibernicaExpugnatio Hibernica," Itinerarium CamUrup "Gemma Ecclesiastica lDe Rebus a se p-tis and lives of St. Hugh of Lincoln, St. David, and others.
^ Girardus Cornubiensis (fl. 1350?), author of 'De gestis Britonum' and 'De gestis Regum West-Saxonum'.
^ Herbert John Giraud (1817–1888), physician : chemist and botanist: M.I). Edinburgh, 1840; principal I of Grant Medical College, Bombay; chief medical officer i of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy's Hospital, deputy-inspector; general and (1863) dean of faculty of medicine, Bombay : University; author of botanical and chemical papers.
^ Charles Girdlestone (1797–1881), biblical commentator; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1818 I fellow of Balliol, 1818; M.A., 1821; vicar of Sedgley, Staffordshire, 1826, working there during the cholera epidemic of 1832; incumbent of Alderley, 1837; rector of j Kingswinford, 1846-77, where he faced a second cholera : epidemic; published commentary on New Testament, j 1832-5, and Old Testament, 1842.
^ Edward Girdlestone (1805–1884), canon of Bristol; brother of Charles Girdlestone; scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, 1823; M.A., 1829; vicar of Deane, 1830; canon of Bristol, 1854; vicar of Wapley, Gloucestershire, 1858, of Halberton, Devonshire, 1862, of Olveston, ! Gloucestershire, 1872; called the Agricultural Labourers Friend; published controversial works.
^ John Lang Girdlestone (1763–1825), classical translator; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1789; master of Beccles School; translator of Pindar, 1810.
^ Thomas Girdlestone (1758–1822), translator of Anacreon; army doctor at Minorca and in India; practised thirty-seven years at Great Yarmouth; translated Anacreon, 1803; published medical essays and a work to prove that Arthur Lee wrote Junius 1813.
^ Mary Anne Girling (1827–1886), founder of The People of God sect; daughter of one Clouting, a Suffolk farmer; married George Stanton Girling; proclaimed herself to be a new incarnation of the Deity, 1864; held meetings in Battersea, 1870; her community transferred ! to New Forest Lodge, purchased for them by Miss Wood, 1872: ejected with her followers, 1873; obtained Tiptoe I Farm, Hordle, Hampshire, 1879, whence she issuedThe Close of the Dispensation 1883, signedJesus First and Last
^ Thomas Girtin (1775–1802), water-colour painter ; imprisoned for refusing to serve out his indentures under Edward Dayes; made a sketching tour with Turner, 1793; first exhibited at Royal Academy, 1794; sent to the Royal Academy ten drawings, including views of York and St. Cuthbert's, Holy Island, 1797; contributed fifteen topographical sketches to J. Walker's Itinerant; member of the first London sketchingsociety; exhibitedBolton Bridge an oil-painting, 1801; drew and etched for Lord Essex twenty sketches of Paris, 1802 and panorama of London from south side of Blackfriar's Bridge: founder of modern water-colour painting as distinct from tinting; examples of his work preserved in the British Museum and at South Kensington.
^ Gisa or Giso, sometimes Gila (d. 1088), bishop of Wells; native of diocese of Liege; chaplain of Edward the Confessor; bishop of Wells, 1060; on return from Rome with Tostig and Archbishop Ealdred, robbed by brigands; complained in his Historiola of Harold's treatment; recovered manor of Winsbamfrom William I; made his canons conform to Metz rule and live together in Lotharingian fashion.
^ John Gisborne (1770–1851), poet: educated at Harrow: B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1792: called the Man of Prayer published The Vales of Wever 1797, and Reflections
^ Maria Gisborne (1770–1836), friend of Shelley: nif James: brought up at Constantinople by her father; j refused William Godwin: married John Gisborne, 1800: lived in Italy; Shelley'sLetter to Maria Gisborne i written during her visit to England, 1820; introduced Shelley to the study of Calderon.
^ Thomas Gisborne (d. 1806), president of College of Physicians: fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1761; M.D., 1758; F.R.S., 1759; physician to St. George's Hospital, 1767-81: Gulstonian lecturer, 1760; president, College of Physicians, 1791, 1794, 1796-1803; physician in ordinary to the king.
^ Thomas Gisborne, the elder (1758–1846), divine; brother of John Uisbonn:; of Harrow ami St. .John's Coli'ire, Cambridge; B.A., 1780; first chancellor's medallist. 17HD; pe.rMtual curate- of liartoii-under-Needwood, 1783; prebendary of Durham, 1823 and 1826; friend of William Wilberforce; published Principles of Moral Philosophy 1789, Walks in a Forest 1704, and other works.
^ Thomas Gisborne, the younger (1794-1862), politician; son of Thomas Gisborue the elder; lii--r M.I for Stafford, 1830-1, north Derbyshire, 1832-7; Oarlow. 1839-41, and Nottingham, 1843-52; published Bwiy-on Agriculture 1854.
^ Walter of Gisburne (fl. 1300). See Hemingford.
^ George Gladstanes (d. 1615), archbishop of St. Andrews; M.A. St. Andrews, 1580; minister successively of St. Cyrus, Arbirlot, and (1697) St. Andrews; member of general assembly; one of the three clerical representatives in parliament, 1698; vice-chancellor of St. Andrews, 1599; bishop of Caithness, 1600; privy councillor of Scotland, 1602; consecrated archbishop of St. Andrews, 1611; attended Hampton Court conference; obtained removal of Andrew Melville, principal of St. Andrews University, 1606; permanent moderator, 1C07.
^ John Gladstanes (d. 1574), Scottish judge: Advocatus Pauperum 1534; lord of session, 1546; LL.D.
^ Sir John Gladstone, first baronet (1764–1861), Liverpool merchant; partner iu Corrie & Co.; despatched first vessel to Calcutta on the opening up of the trade with India; became sole proprietor of his firm and took six brothers into the business; acquired large East Indian trade; became also West Indian merchant, defending (1823) the slave-trade against James Cropper; Issued (1830) Statement of Facts connected with the present state of Slavery; chief supporter of Canning at Liverpool, 1812; Oanningite M.P., Lancaster, 1818, Woodstock, 1820, and Berwick, 1826-7; wrote against repeal of the corn laws, but was ultimately convinced by Peel; created baronet, 1846; benefactor of religious and charitable institutions at Leith and Liverpool.
^ William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898), statesman and author; son of (Sir) John Gladstone ; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; president of the Oxford Union Society, 1830; double first in classics and mathematics, 1831; conservative M.P. for Newark, 1832, 1835, and 1837, and again 1841-5; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1833; made first important speech, 1833, favouring gradual emancipation of slaves; successfully opposed appropriation clause in Irish church temporalities bill, 1833; junior lord of treasury in Sir Robert Peel's first administration, 1834; tinder-secretary for war and colonies in the same government, 1835; published The State in tte Relations with the Church 1838, andChurch Principles considered in their Results 1840; took part in founding Trinity College, Glenalmond, 1840; opposed first opium war with China, 1840; vice-president of board of trade and master of mint in Sir Robert Peel's second administration, 1841; privy councillor, 1841; took charge of customs bill, 1842; became president of board of trade and entered Sir Robert Peel's cabinet, 1843; introduced and carried first general railway bill providingparliamentary trains, 1844; resigned office owing to his disapproval of proposed increase of Mayuooth College grant, 1845; published Remarks on Recent Commercial Legislation 1845; accepted Peel's policy of repealing the corn laws; became secretary of state for colonies in succession to Lord Stanley, who seceded from ministry as a protectionist, 1845-6; vacated seat for Newark on taking office, and did not seek re-election; remained out of parliament through 1846; Peelite M.P. for Oxford University, 1847-65; opposed Palmerstou's Greek policy, 1850; visited Naples and published letters condemning the atrocities perpetrated by Ferdinand, king of the Two Sicilies, 1851; opposed Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, 1851; chancellor of exchequer in Aberdeen's coalition ministry, 1862-5; introduced and passed his first budget, suggesting progressive reduction of income tax and extension of legacy duty, under name of succession duty, to real property, 1853; brought in second budget, 1864; resigned office on Palmerstou becoming prime minister, 1855; supported Cobdeu inooiiilt'niiiiii-; l.oinl.anlin.-1-t O f Canton, 1856; vigorously opposed bill for establishing divorce court, 1867; published Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age 1868 entrusted i, Mr Uvard Huiw.-r Lytton, secretary for colonies, with sptviui mission to Ionian bland* and failed to quell agitation for their incorporation with Greek kingdom instead of remaining under British protectorate, 1868-59; spoke in favour of Disraeli's first reform bill, 1869; chancellor of exchequer under Lord Palmer* ston, 1859-66; introduced budget, and was successful in upholding commercial treaty with France (1869) reducing taxes on articles of food, and granting exci*l licenses to keepers of eating-houses, but failed to induce House of Lords to repeal paper duty, I860: lord rector of hdinburgh University, I860; introduced and passed Post Office Savings Bank Bill, 1861; succeeded in repealing paper duty by including all taxation proposatain one money bill which had to be accepted or rejected in ite entirety by House of Lords, 1861; published, with Lord Lyttelton, joint volume of Translations 1868 supported reform bill moved by (Sir) Edward Baines , 1864; opposed bill for removing theological tests for university degrees, 1865; M.P., South Lancashire, 1865-8; chancellor of exchequer and leader of House of Commons on Palmerstou's death, 1865; introduced government's reform bill, which failed to pass in committee, and occasioned resignation of government, 1866; introduced budget, pointing out importance of paying off national debt, 1866; proposed successful amendments to Disraeli's reform bill, 1866; leader of liberal party in succession to Lord Russell, 1867; supported bill to abolish compulsory church rates, 1868; successfully moved resolutions embodying principle of Irish church disestablishment, 1868; M.P. for Greenwich, 1868-74 and 1874-80; prime minister for the first time, 1868, the ministry including Robert Lowe (afterwards Viscount Sherbrooke) as chancellor of exchequer, John Bright as president of board of trade, Sir William Page Wood (afterwards Baron Hatherley) as chancellor, and Edward (afterwards Baron) Cardwell as secretary for war; introduced and passed Irish Church Disestablishment Bill, 1869; publishedJuventus Mundi 1869; passed first Irish laud bill, 1870; procured by royal warrant abolition of purchase in the army, 1871; passed university test bill, 1871; appointed commission to discuss claims of American government for damages caused by cruisers fitted out at British ports during civil war, 1871; passed ballot bill, 1872; introduced Irish University Bill proposing founda1 tion of an undenominational university in Ireland, 1873, and resigned on its rejection at second reading; resumed office on Disraeli's refusal to form ministry, 1873, and, while retaining first lordship of treasury, took chancellorship of the exchequer without resigning seat as member for Greenwich; resigned office on defeat of his party at the general election, 1874, and was succeeded by Disraeli (afterwards Lord Beacons field ); resigned leadership of liberal party, 1875; vehemently denounced Turkish outrages in Bulgaria and advocated alliance of England and Russia to secure independence of the sultan's Christian provinces, 1875; published Homeric Synchronism 1876; advocated, unsuccessfully, coercion of the Porte by united Europe, 1877-8; lord rector of Glasgow, 1877; spoke vehemently against Afghan policy of the government, 1878; conducted political campaign in Midlothian, condemning the aggressive imperialism of the prime minister, but dissociating himself from the doctrines of the Manchester school and of peace at any price, 1879-80; M.P. for Midlothian, 1880-95; prime minister for the second time after Beacousfield's defeat at the general election, 1880; also held office of chancellor of the exchequer, 188O-2; supported Irish Compensation for Disturbance Bill, 1880; succeeded in passing Irish coercion bill, 1881; announced, after defeat of British army ftt Majuba Hill, conditions of peace with Transvaal, which provided for the maintenance of British suzerainty, self-government for burghers, and British control of foreign relations, 1881; introduced and passed second Irish land bill, proposing to institute a laud court for fixing judicial rents, 1881; introduced and passed Irish Arrears Bill, proposing to wipe out arrears of rent in Ireland altogether where tenants were unable to pay them, 1882; adopted policy that it was duty of British government to relieve Egyptian people from military tyranny of Arabi Pasha, 1882; supported military* campaign in Egypt; gave up chancellorship of exchequer to Hugh C. E. Childers. 1883; successfully oomtwo votes of censure in House of Commons on Egyptian policy, 1883: introduced bill for extension of franchise to agricultural labourers and others, which passed Commons, but was only accepted by Lords after much hesitation, on condition that Gladstone passed simultaneously a bill for redistribution of seats, 1884; adversely criticised for his failure to rescue Gordon, and for his policy of abandonment of Soudan to the Mahdi, 1884; resigned office on passing of amendment opposing points in budget bill. 1885; declined offer of earldom, 1885; was succeeded as prime minister by Lord Salisbury, who, however, failed to obtain a majority for his party at general election at the end of 1885; on defeat of conservatives in House of Commons early in 1886, and the resignation of Lord Salisbury, Gladstone formed ministry for the third time, which included Lord Rosebery in foreign office, Lord Granville as colonial secretary, Mr. John Morley as chief secretary for Ireland, and Mr. Chamberlain (who resigned on introduction of Home Rule Bill) as president of local government board; brought in Home Rule Bill, 8 April 1886, proposing to create legislative body to sit at Dublin for dealing with affairs exclusively Irish, but reserving to British government certain powers affecting the crown, army, navy, and foreign or colonial relations; introduced Irish Land Purchase Bill, which passed only first reading, 16 April 1886; appealed to country on rejection of Home Rule Bill on second reading, 7 June 1886; resigned office with rest of cabinet after general election declared against home rule, 20 July 1886; continued to advocate his Irish policy in session, 1887-92; member of select committee appointed by House of Commons to consider Queen Victoria's message asking for additional grants for maintenance of royal family, 1889; advocated Newcastle programme of radical reforms, 1891; on the defeat of Lord Salisbury's government at general election of 1892, became prime minister for the fourth and last time; also held office of lord privy seal, 1892, his ministry including Lord Rosebery, Mr. Asquith as home secretary, and Sir Edward Grey, under-secretary for foreign affairs; introduced, 13 Feb. 1893, second Home Rule Bill, which, after passing the Commons, was rejected by 419 to 41 in House of Lords, 8 Sept. 1893; made, in support of parish councils bill, his last speech in House of Commons, 1 March 1894; resigned office of prime minister, 3 March 1894; founded St. Deiniol's library for theological students at Ha warden, 1895; urged right and necessity of British intervention in Armenia, 1895-6; published editions of Butler's Analogy Sermons and Studies Subsidiary to Works of Bishop Butler 1896; delivered his last speech at opening of Victoria Jubilee Bridge over Dee, 2 June 1897; died at Hawarden 19 May 1898; buried in Westminster Abbey. Gladstone's contributions to magazines were collected, under title Gleanings from Past Years 1879-90, 8 vols. His portrait by Millais, 1879, is in the National Portrait Gallery. As an orator Gladstone's only contemporary rival was John Bright. As a financier he can only be compared with Walpole, Pitt, and Peel.
^ Francis Gladwin (d. 1813?), orientalist ; of the Bengal army; commissary resident at Patna, 1808; under patronage of Warren Hastings, issued translation of Institutes of the Emperor Akbar 1783-6, and a Persian-Hindustani-Engliah dictionary, 1809.
^ Glammis, Barons. See LYON, JOHN, seventh Baron 1510?–1558 ; LYON, PATRICK, eighth BARON, d. 1578.
^ Glammis, Lady (d. 1537). See Janet Douglas.
^ Master of Glammis (d. 1608). See LYON, SIR Thomas.
^ Glamorgan titular Earl of (1601–1667). See Edward Somerset, second Marquis of Worcester.
^ John Glanvill (1664?–1735), poet and translator ; grandson of Sir John Glanville the younger; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1686; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; translated, among other works, Fontenelle's Plurality of Worlds 1688.
^ Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680), divine; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1655; M.A.Lincoln College, 1658; rector of the Abbey Church, Bath, 1666-80, and other benefices: an admirer of Baxter, whom he excepted from his attacks on nonconformists in * The Zealous and Impartial Protestant 1681: an original F.R.S., 1664: attacked the scholastic philosophy inThe Vanity of Dogmatizing (1661), a work containing the story of the 'Scholar Gipsy'; defended the pre-existence of souls in 'Lux Orientalis 1662, and the belief in witchcraft in 'Philosophical considerations touching Witches and Witchcraft 1666, generally known as Sadducismus Triumphatus.'
^ Bartholomew de Glanville (fl. 1230–1250), minorite friar; properly known as Bartholomew Anglicus, the addition de Glanville being most uncertain; professor of theology at Paris; went to Saxony, 1231, in the interests of his order; author of De Proprietatibus Rerum the encyclopaedia of the middle ages, first printed, c. 1470, at Basle; an English version by John of Treves v:iissued by Wynkyn de Worde, c. 1495.
^ Gilbert de Glanville (d. 1214), bishop of Rochester, 1185; one of Becket's scholars; archdeacon of Lisieux, 1184; bishop of Rochester, 1185; one of the embassy to Philip Augustus of France, 1186; preached the crusade at Geddington, 1188; supported Longchamp against Prince John; summoned by Richard I to Germany, 1193; excommunicated Prince John on returning, 1194; fled from King John, 1207; absolved Scots from homage to him, 1212.
^ Sir John Glanville , the elder (1542–1600), judge ; the first attorney who reached the bench; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1574: serjeant-at-law, 1589; M.P., Launceston, 1585, Tavistock, 1586, and St. Germans, 1592; judge of common pleas, 1598.
^ Sir John Glanville , the younger (1586–1661), serjeant; son of Sir John Glanville the elder; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, c. 1610; M.P., Plymouth, 1614, 1620, 1623, 1625, 1626, and 1628; opposed the crown; prepared protest against dissolution, 1625; secretary to the council of war at Cadiz, 1625; took leading part in Buckingham's impeachment, 1626-8; eminent as counsel; recorder of Plymouth, 1614; of Bristol, 1638; Serjeant, 1637; M.P., Bristol; speaker of the Short parliament, 1640; knighted, 1641; D.C.L. Oxford, 1643; tried Northumberland and other peers; disabled and imprisoned by parliament, 1645-8; M.P. for Oxford University under Commonwealth.
^ Ranulf de Glanville (d. 1190), chief justiciar of England; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1163-70, and 1174-89; as sheriff of Lancashire, defeated Scots at Alnwick, and captured William the Lion, 1174; ambassador to Flanders, 1177; justice-in-eyre and a member of the permanent royal court, 1179; as justiciar of England, 1180-9, was Henry II's eye fighting and negotiating with the Welsh and French, and helping the king against his sons; went with Richard I on crusade, 1190, and died at Acre. The authorship of Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England has been doubtfully ascribed to him on the evidence of Roger of Hoveden.
^ Henry Glapthorne (fl. 1639), dramatist ; published Argalus and Parthenia 1639, and Albertus Wallenstein 1639 (tragedies), The Hollander 1640, Wit in a Constable 1640, and The Ladies Priviledge 1640 (comedies), and Poems 1639; dedicated Whitehall to Lovelace, 1642; his works collected, 1874.
^ George Glas (1725–1765), mariner ; son of John Glas; discovered between Cape Verde and Senegal a river, which he thought suitable for a settlement: obtained promise of a government grant in exchange for a free cession to the British crown; founded the settlement, naming it Port Hillsborough, 1764; imprisoned by Spaniards at Teneriffe for contraband trading: murdered on his way home; translated from the Spanish Account of the Discovery and History of the Canaries," 1764.
^ John Glas (1695–1773), founder of the Glassites ; M.A. St. Andrews, 1713; minister of Tealing, Forfarshire, 1719-28, when he was deposed by the general assembly for hisTestimony of the King of Martyrs(1727): formed, at Dundee, a sect of independent presbyterians: removed to Perth, 1773, where he was joined by Robert Sandeman , afterwards his son-in-law; published an edition (with translation) of theTrue Discourseof Celsus, 1753, and many other works.
^ William Nugent Glascock (1787?–1847), captain in the navy; present at the action off Finisterre, 1805, and reduction of Flushing, 1809: promoted to postrank and specially thanked for his services in the Douro, 1832-3; chief work Naval Service, or OfficersManual 1836.
^ Joseph Glass (1791?–1867), philanthropist ; received silver medal and 200. for his invention of the chimney-sweeping machine now in use.
^ Sir Richard Atwood Glass (1820–1873), manufacturer of telegraph cables; educated at King's College, London; adapted Elliot's wire-rope covering to submarine cables, 1852; superintended making of Atlantic cables of 1865; knighted, 1866: chairman of Anglo-American Telegraph Company; M.P., Bewdley, 1868-9.
^ Thomas Glass (d. 1786), physician ; M.D. Leyden, 1731; practised at Exeter; imparted to his brother Samuel (of Oxford) the process for preparing magnesia alba, afterwards perfected and applied by him; authority on inoculation for smallpox; published medical works.
^ George Henry Glasse (1761–1809), classic and divine; son of Samuel Qlasse; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1782; rector of Hanwell, 1785; chaplain successively of the Earl of Radnor, Duke of Cambridge, and Earl of Sefton: rendered Samson Agouistes into Greek, 1788; translated L'Inconnue, Histoire Veritable as Louisa dealing with the lady of the Haystack problem, 1801; spent a fortune; committed suicide.
^ Hannah Glasse (fl. 1747), author of 'The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy 1747, The Compleat Confectioner, and The Servant's Directory, or Housekeeper's Companion 1770; habit-maker to the Prince of Wales, 1767.
^ Samuel Glasse (1735–1812), theologian ; educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1759; D.d. 1769; F.R.S., 1764; chaplain in ordinary to the king, 1772; rector of Hanwell; vicar of Epsom, ! 1782, Wanstead, 1786; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1798; I friend of Bishop Home; author of a work advocating Sunday schools, 1786.
^ James Glassford (d. 1845), legal writer and translator; son of John Glassford; sheriff-depute of Dumbartonshire; a commissioner to inquire into Irish education, 1824-6; published Remarks on the Constitution and Procedure of the Scottish Courts 1812, Essay on Principles of Evidence 1812, translations from Bacon and the Italian poets.
^ John Glassford (1715–1783), tobacco merchant and shipowner; bailie of Glasgow, 1751; purchased Dougalston, Dumbartonshire.
^ John of Glastonbury (fl. 1400).
^ James Glazebrook (1744–1803), divine ; a Madeley collier, who came under the influence of John Fletcher of Madeley; incumbent of St. James's, Latchford; vicar of Bolton, Lancashire, 1796-1803; published Defence of Infant Baptism," 1781.
^ Thomas Kirkland Glazebrook ( 1780–1855), ' author; sou of James Glazebrook; translated j Virgil's first eclogue, 1807, and published poetical works. I
^ Count Gleichen (1833–1891).
^ George Gleig (1753–1840), bishop of Brechin ; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; thrice elected bishop of Dunkeld, 1786, 1792, and 1808, but his election ! made ineffectual by hostility of Bishop Skinner; LL.D. i Aberdeen; bishop of Brechin, 1808-40; as primus, 18161837, endeavoured to secure regium donum; contributed important articles to the Encyclopaedia Britauuica (3rd edition) and edited the last six volumes, and (1801) wrote most of the Supplement; published lifeof.Principal William Robertson, 1812, and edited Stackhouse's History of the Bible 1817.
^ George Robert Gleig (1796–1888), chaplain general of the forces; son of George Gleig; at Glasgow and Balliol College, Oxford; served with the 85th in the Peninsula, 1813-14; wounded at Nivelle and the Nive, and in the American war of 1814; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1818; took orders, 1820; M.A., 1821; perpetual curate of Ash, and rector of Ivy Church, 1822; i chaplain of Chelsea Hospital, 1834; chaplain-general of the forces, 1844-75; contributed to the Quarterly EdinburghBlackwood amiErasermagazines; wrote I The Subaltern for Blackwood 1828; published The ! Story of Waterloo 1847, Lives of Military Commanders 1831, biographies of Warren Hastings (1841), Clive (1848), iind Wellington (1862), and Chelsea Pensioners 1829, with other works.
^ Edward Glemham (ft. 1590–1594), voyager; of Benhall, Suffolk; in his ship the Edward and Constance destroyed two Spanish vessel*, repulsed four galleys, and captured a rich Venetian merchant ship, 1690; made second voyage: his adventures described in black-letter pamphlets (reprinted, 1829 and 1866).
^ Sir Thomas Glemham (d. 1649?) royalist; knighted, 1617; M.P., Aldeburgh, in the first two parliaments of Charles I; served on the continent and in first Scottish war; commandant of York, 1642 and 1644; capitulated, 1644; tried to hold Carlisle against the Roots, 1645, and to defend Oxford; took part in the second civil war till Musgrave'a seizure of Carlisle, 1648.
^ Andrew Glen (1666–1732), botanist; M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1687; rector of Hathern, Leicestershire; formed an herbarium, 1685, including two hundred foreign plants, to which be made additions at Turin, 1692.
^ William Glen (1789–1826), Scottish poet; published Poems, chiefly Lyrical 1815, includingWae's me for Prince Charlie and other love and war songs.
^ Baron Glenbervie (1743–1823). See Sylvester Douglas
^ Earls of Glencairn . See CUNNINGHAM, ALEXAnder, first EARL, d. 1488 ; CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER, fifth EARL, d. 1574; CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM, fourth EARL, . 1547; CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM, ninth EARL, 1610V1664.
^ Lord Glencorse (1810–1891). See John Inglis.
^ Owen Glendower (1359?-1416?) (Owain ab Gruffydd), Welsh rebel ; lord of Glyndwr and Sycharth ; claimed descent from Bleddyn ab Cynvyn and from Llewelyn; studied law at Westminster; served with Richard II against the Scots, 1385; witness in suit of Scrope v. Grosvenor, 1386; as squire to Earl of Arundel served Henry of Lancaster, but hooded Welsh rebellion against him on his accession as Henry IV; assumed title of Prince of Wales his estates granted by Henry IV to John Beaufort, earl of Somerset; invaded South Wales, and harassed the royal army in the north; repulsed before Carnarvon, 1401; negotiated with Northumberland for peace, but at the same time appealed for help to Scotland and the Irish lords; captured Reginald de Grey and Sir Edmund Mortimer at Pilleth,1402; baffled the English army and released Mortimer after marrying him to his daughter, November 1402; his chief residences burnt by Prince Henry, 1403; took Carmarthen, Usk, Caerleon, and Newport, failed to join the Percies at Shrewsbury, 1403; ravaged English border; aided by French and Bretons captured Harlech and Cardiff, 1404; concluded an alliance with France, 1405; recognised Benedict XIII as pope, 1405; summoned a Welsh parliament, 1405; probably formed his alliance with Mortimer and Northumberland, c. 1405; his sons captured by Prince Henry; retook Carmarthen with help of a French force, 1406; again defeated, 1406; deserted by Northumberland: lost Aberystwitb, 1407, and South Wales, 1408; his wife and relations captured, 1413; admitted to the king's grace and obedience, 1415: his end unknown.
^ Baron Glenelg (1778–1866). See Charles Grant.
^ Edward Glenham (Jl. 1590–1694). See Glemham.
^ James Glenie (1760–1817), mathematician ; M.A., St. Andrews; served in the artillery and engineers during the American war; elected F.R.S., 1779, for papers written while on service; lieutenant, 1787; retired, 1787; emigrated to New Brunswick, and became member of House of Assembly; on return to England appointed engineer extraordinary and (1806) instructor to East India Company's artillery officers; dismissed in consequence of evidence in Wardle case, 1809; died in poverty; published, among other works, History of Gunnery 1776, 'Doctrine of Universal Comparison 1789, The Antecedental Calculus 1793, and Observations on Defence of Great Britain 1807.
^ Barons Glenlee . See MILLKR, SIR THOMAS, 1717-1789; MILLKH, tiiu WILLIAM, 1755-1846.
^ George Glenny (1793–1874), horticultural writer ; odited theRoyal Lady's Magazine; started theHorticultural Journal 1832, in which his Properties of Flowers first appeared; edited many other horticultural papers, including Glenny's Almanac (still issued); a successful grower of auriculas, dahlias, and tulips; originated Metropolitan Society of Florists, 1832.
^ Viscountess Glenorchy (1741–1786). See Willielma Campbell.
^ Francis Glisson (1597–1677), physician ; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1624; incorporated at Oxford, 1627; M.D. Cambridge, 1634; regius professor of physic, Cambridge, 1636-77; Gulstonian lecturer, 1640; sent out of Colchester to ask for better terms during the siege, 1648; an original F.R.S.; president, College of Physicians, 16671669; published (1650)Tractatus de Rachitide(the Rickets), almost the first English medical monograph; published also Anatomia Hepatis (1654), from which the name Glisson's capsule was applied to the sheath of the liver.
^ Dukes of Gloucester . See THOMAS OF WOODStock 1355–1397 ; HUMPHREY, 1391–1447 ; RICHARD III, 1452-1485; HENRY, 1639-1660; WILLIAM HENRY, 17431805; WILLIAM FREDERICK, 1776-1834.
^ Duchess of Gloucester . See Eleanor Cobham.
^ Earls of Gloucester . See CLARE, GILBERT DE, sixth EARL, d. 1230; CLARE, GILBERT DE, eighth EARL, 1243-1295; CLARE, GILBERT DE, ninth EARL, 1291-1314; CLARE, RICHARD DE, seventh EARL, 1222-1262; MONTHKRMER, RALPH DE, d. 1325 ?; DKSPENSER, THOMAS LE, 1373-1400.
^ Miles de Gloucester, Earl of Hereford (d. 1143), sheriff of Gloucestershire and Staffordshire from 1128; justice itinerant, a justice of the forest, and royal constable from 1128; adhered to Stephen till 1139, when he joined Gloucester in inviting the Empress Maud to England; relieved Brian Fitzcount at Wallingford, 1139; burnt Worcester, 1139; took Hereford Castle, 1139; present at Lincoln, 1141; accompanied the empress to Winchester as one of her three chief supporters, 1141; fled with her from London, and persuaded her to return to Oxford from Gloucester, 1141; received as a reward the earldom and castle of Hereford, 1141; excommunicated by the bishop of Hereford for demands on church lands, 1143; slain by an arrow shot at a deer.
^ Robert of Gloucester (fl. 1260–1300). See Robert.

[1] Arthur William Garnett (1829–1861), engineer; younger son of William Garnett; entered ! Bengal engineers, 1846; wounded at Mooltan, 1849: held fords of the Chenab at Goojerat, 1849; designed forts on Afghan frontier; buried in Calcutta Cathedral,

[2] Henry Garnett (1555–1606), Jesuit; educated ' at Winchester, 1567; two years corrector of the press to ! Tottel the law printer; went to Spain and Italy; jesiiit novice, 1575; professor of Hebrew in the college at Rome: superior of the English province, 1587-1606; professed of the four vows, 1598; accused of c-oniplicity in Gunpowder plot; arrested after three dayssearch at Hindlip Hall: imprisoned in the Tower; twenty-three times examined before the privy council; condemned on his admission of conversations with Oatesby, and executed; published a translation, with supplements, of Summa Cauisii (1590), 'A Treatise on Schism and other theological works.

[3] Jeremiah Garnett (1793–1870), journalist; brother of Richard Garnett; co-founder of the 'Manchester Guardian 1821; sole editor, 1844-61; obtained defeat of Milner Gibson and John Bright, 1857.

[4] John Garnett (1709–1782), bishop of Clogher ; fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1732; bishop of Ferns, 1752-8, of Clogher, 1758; patron of Philip Skelton; published Dissertation on Job 1749.

[5] John Garnett (d. 1813), dean of Exeter, 1810 ; son of John Garnett (1709-1782)

[6] Richard Garnett (1789–1850), philologist; became priest-vicar of Lichfield Cathedral, 1829; incumbent of Chebsey, near Stafford, 1836-8; assistant-keeper of printed books, British Museum, 1838; his philological essays edited by his eldest son, 1859.

[7] Thomas Garnett (1575–1608), Jesuit; nephew of Henry Garnett; Jesuit, 1604; imprisoned in the Tower and banished for life, 1606; executed on his return.

[8] Thomas Garnett (1766–1802), physician and natural philosopher; M.D. Edinburgh, 1788; practised at Bradford, Knaresborough, and Harrogate; published first analysis of Harrogate waters; professor of natural philosophy at Anderson's Institution, Glasgow, of natural philosophy and chemistry at Royal Institution, 1799-1801; anticipated modern theory of a quasi-intelllgence In plants; published Highland Tour 1800; his Zoonomia published, 1804.

[9] Thomas Garnett (1799–1878), naturalist; brother of Richard and Jeremiah Garnett; wrote on pisciculture and experimented with guano; his papers privately printed, 1883.

[10] William Garnett (1793–1873), civil servant; deputy-registrar and registrar of land tax, 1819-41; inspector-general of stamps and taxes, 1842; published Guide to Property and Income Tax

[11] Christopher Garneys or Garnysshe (d. 1534), chief porter of Calais, 1526-34; favourite of Henry VIII, who knighted him at Tournay, 1513.

[12] Garnier or Warner (fl. 1106). See Warner

[13] Thomas Garnier, the younger (1809–1863), dean of Lincoln; of Winchester and Worcester College, Oxford: B.A., 1830; fellow of All Souls, 1830: B.O.L., 1833: chaplain of House of Commons, 1849; incumbent, Holy Trinity, Marylebone, 1850; dean of Ripon, 1859, of Lincoln, 1860; published sermons.

[14] Thomas Garnier, the elder (1776–1873), dean of Winchester; educated at Winchester and Worcester College, Oxford; fellow of All Souls 1796; rector of Bishopstoke, 1807; D.O.L., 1860; dean of Winchester, 1840-72; friend of Palmerston.

[15] Robert Garnock (d. 1681), covenanter ; executed for declining the king's authority; his head discovered in 1728; extracts from his autobiography contained in Howie's Biographia Scoticana and dying testimony in Cloud of Witnesses

[16] George Garrard (1760–1826), animal painter and sculptor; pupil of Sawrey Gilpin; exhibited 'View of a Brewhouse Yard 1784, Sheep-shearing at Aston Clinton 1793; published description of British oxen, 1800; instrumental in obtaining act of 1798 securing copyright in works of plastic art: A.R.A., 1800.

[17] Marcus Garrard (1561–1635). See Gheeraerts.

[18] Sir Samuel Garrard (1650–1724), lord mayor of London; succeeded as baronet, 1700: sheriff of Loudon, 1701; lord mayor, 1709-10; M.P., Agmnndesham(Amersbam), 1702-14: master of the Grocers Company, 1710; president of Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals, 1720.

[19] Thomas Garrard (1787–1869), biographer ; Insurer of Bristol, 1836-56; published life of Edward Colston, 1852.

[20] Sir Henry Garraway (1576–1646), lord mayor of London; governor of Greenland, Russia, and Turkey companies, 1639; master of the DrapersCompany, 1627 and 1639; sheriff of London, 1627; lord mayor of London, 1639; knighted, 1640; assisted the king to raise money in the city; expelled from court of aldermen for royalism, 1643; imprisoned; his speech (1642) in answer to Pvm's address to the citizens frequently reprinted.

[21] Jeremiah Learnoult Garrett (. 1809), dissenting minister; preached in the fields near London; laid foundation-stone of Islington Chapel, 1788; ejected for heresy from Lady Huntingdon's connexion; carried on controversies with Joanna Southcott and William Huntingtou; published Songs of Sion and other works.

[22] Sir Robert Garrett (1794–1869), lieutenant-general; educated at Harrow; ensign, 2nd queen's foot, 1811; wounded at Salamanca, 1812; severely wounded in the Pyrenees, 1814; lieutenant-colonel, 1846; led 46th foot in the Crimea, where he commanded first a brigade and subsequently the 4th division: brigadier in China, 1857; lieutenant-general, 1866; K.O.B.

[23] David Garrick (1717–1779), actor ; Dr. Johnson's first pupil at Edial; with him left Lichfield for London, 1737; started a wine business with his brother Peter; introduced by Johnson to Cave; wrote in the Gentleman's Magazine; his Lethe performed at Drury Lane, 1740; became attached to Margaret Peg Wofflngton , to whom he afterwards offered marriage; under name Lyddal made first appearance at Ipswich in 'Oroonoko 1741; made his reputation at Goodman's Fields inRichard III 1741; played Bayes and King Lear, 1742; highly successful at Dublin inHamletand "The Recruiting Officer 1742; at Drury Lane played Abel Drugger and other parts, but quarrelled with Macklin, 1742-3: acted Macbethas written by Shakespeare 1744, Sir John Brute Provoked Wife and Othello, 1744-5. played Paul conbridge and lago at Dublin, 1745; first appeared afOovent Garden in Shakespearean parts, 1746; joined Lacy in management of Drury Lane, 1747; played Benedick and Romeo (his own version), 1748, and Demetrius in Johnson'sMahomet and Irene 1749; his marriage resented by Mrs. Cibber, Quin, Mackliu. and Barry; with Miss Bellamy played Romeo and Lear against the same parts by Barry with Mrs. Cibber at Covent Garden, 1750; appeared as Kitely inEvery Man in his Humour 1751; rejoined by Mrs. Cibber and joined by Foote, 1754, when he produced his version of Taming of the Shrew and Goriolanus; threatened to retire from the stage in consequence of riots against French dancers, 1755; appeared in his adaptation of 'Winter's Tale 1756; played Don Felix inThe Wonder 1756; produced Foote's Author 1756; produced bis adaptation of Cymbeline 1761; Sciolto in theFair Penitent his last new part, 1763, during which season riots occurred at Drury Lane in consequence of alterations in prices; travelled with his wife in France and Italy, 1763-4; made free of theComedie Francaise: met Diderot, Beaumarchais, Marivaux, Marmontel, and Mlle. Clairon; reappearing at Drury Lane as Benedick, 1766, introduced the system of invisible lighting; produced The Clandestine Marriage written by himself and Oolman, 1766: produced hisPeep Behind the Curtain 1767; designed and carried out the Shakespeare jubilee at Stratford, 1769, and produced the Jubilee at Drury Lane; produced Cumberland'sWest Indianand Dryden'sKing Arthur 1770; produced his version of Hamlet 1772, and his Bon Ton, or High Life above Stairs 1775; made last appearance as Don Felix, 10 June 1776, selling moiety of his patent to Sheridan and two others for 36,0007.; wrote prologue to the School for Scandal and All the World's a Stage and prologue and epilogue for Fielding's Fathers; made a larger fortune than any actor except Alleyn; last actor buried in Westminster Abbey; hie poetical works publishul, 1785, his dramatic works (sixteen plays), L7ta Hi- portrait wa* painted by Reynolds, Hogarth, and Gainsborough.

[24] Alfred Henry Garrod (1846–1879), zoologist ; studied at University College, Loudon; thrice won medical scholarship at King's College, London; senior in natural science tripos, Cambridge, 1K71; prosector of Cambridge Zoological Society, 1871; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1873; professor of comparative anatomy at King's College, London, 1874-9; Fullerian professor of physiology, Royal Institution, 1875; F.R.S., 1876; made important researches in the anatomy and myology of birds and ruminants; edited Bell's version of MUller on the vocal organs of passerines, and contributed to Cassell'sNatural History

[25] Sir William Garrow (1760–1840), baron of the exchequer; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1783: made reputation by prosecution of Aikles for stealing bill of exchange, 1784; acted for Fox in Westminster scrutiny; K.O., 1793; M.P., Gatton, 1805, Callington, 1806, and Eye, 1812; solicitor-general. 1812; knighted, 1812; attorney-general, 1813; chief-justice of Chester, 1814; baron of exchequer, 1817-32; privy councillor, 1832.

[26] Charles Brierley Garside (1818–1876), Roman catholic divine; educated at Manchester school; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1844; Anglican curate, 1842-50; graduated at the Collegio Romano, and was ordained Romanist priest, 1854; chaplain to Earl of Shrewsbury, 1855; afterwards assistant-priest in Chelsea and Oxford; died at Posilippo, Italy; published theological works.

[27] Bernard Garter (fl. 1570), anti-papist poet ; published The tragicall and true historic which happened betweene two English lovers, 1563 1565, and A New Yeares Gifte 1679.

[28] John Garth (. 1757), musical composer; adapted the First Fifty Psalms of Marcello to the English version, 1757-65.

[29] Sir Samuel Garth (1661–1719), physician and poet; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1684; M.D., 1691; F.R.C.P., 1693; Gulstonian lecturer, 1694: Harveian orator, 1697: knighted, 1714; physician in ordinary to George I, and physician-general to the army; made a Latin oration over the body of Dryden as it lay in state at the College of Physicians, 1700; wrote much occasional verse, and was a member of the Kit Cat Club; ridiculed in his poem The Dispensary 1699, the opposition of the apothecaries and their allies to the scheme of out-patient rooms.

[30] Maxwell Garthshore (1732–1812), physician ; M.D.Edinburgh, 1764; L.R.C.P., 1764; F.R.S. and F.S.A.: physician to British Lying-in Hospital; bore striking likeness to great Lord Chatham; provided for widow of John Hunter (1728-1793); published works on obstetrics.

[31] William Garthshore (1764–1806), lord of the admiralty; son of Maxwell Garthshore: educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1789; private secretary to Dundas, 1794; M.P., Launceston, 1795, Weymouth, 1797-1806; a lord of the admiralty, 1801-4.

[32] Edmund Garvey (d. 1813), landscape painter; exhibited at Dublin, the Free Society of Artists, and (17691808) at the Royal Academy; R.A., 1783.

[33] John Garvey (1527–1595), archbishop of Armagh; graduated at Oxford; dean of Ferns, 1568, of Christ Church, Dublin, 1666; privy councillor of Ireland; bishop of Kilmore, 1685; archbishop of Armagh, 1589-96.

[34] Sir Henry Garway (1575–1646). See Garraway.

[35] Henri Gascar (1635-1701), portrait-painter; born at Paris; protégég of Louise de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth; in England, 1674: returned to France, 1680; died at Rome. His portraits include Charles II, the Duchesses of Portsmouth and Cleveland, and Nell Gwyn.

[36] Sir Bernard Gascoigne (1614–1687), soldier and diplomatist: born at Florence; saw military service in Italy and Germany; originally named Bernardo or Bernardino Guasconi; captured parliamentarian officers in Cornwall, 1644; commanded a regiment of horse at Colchester, 1648; granted denization aa Sir Bernard Gascoigne, 1661; F.R.S., 1667; envoy to Vienna to negotiate marriage of Dnke of York with a daughter of the Archduke of Austria, 1672; his memoirs printed at Florence, 1886; his Description of Germany printed in Miscellanea Aulica 1702.

[37] Sir Crisp Gascoigne (1700–1761). See Gascoyne.

[38] George Gascoigne (1525?–1577), poet ; a descendant of Sir William Gascoigne (1350?-1419); educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; ancient of Gray's Inn, e. 1557; M.P., Bedford, 1557-9; his Supposes an adaptation of Ariosto's comedy, acted at Gray's Inn, 1566; married the mother of Nicholas Breton, c. 1566; M.P., Midhurst, 1572; went to Holland to avoid his creditors, 1572; saw military service in Holland, 1572-5; captured by the Spaniards; an unauthorised book of poems by him published in his absence; issued the Posies of G. Gascoigne, corrected, perfected, and augmented (1575), containing Jocasta the second earliest tragedy in English in blank verse, and Certayne Notes of Instruction concerning the making of verse or ryme in English the earliest English critical essay; published his tragicall comedie theGlasse of Government 1575; visited Kenilworth with Queen Elizabeth and Leicester, 1575; contributed to The Princelye Pleasures 1576. His other works include The Steele Glas (1576), The Droomme of Doomesday and the posthumously published Tale of Hemetes the heremyte in English, French, Latin, and Italian. He was praised by Meres, Nash, and other contemporaries.

[39] John Gascoigne (fl. 1381), doctor of canon law at Oxford; signatory of the chancellor's condemnation of Wycliffe's views on the Sacrament, 1381; credited by Pits with authorship of a treatise, Contra Wiclevum.

[40] Richard Gascoigne (1579–1661?), antiquary; B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1599; left books to Jesus College, Cambridge; compiled pedigrees of Gascoigne, Wentworth, and other families.

[41] Richard Gascoigne (d. 1716), Jacobite; joined the rebels at Preston, 1715; captured and hanged at Tyburn.

[42] Thomas Gascoigne (1403–1458), theologian; of Oriel College, Oxford; D.D., 1434; chancellor of the university, 1434, 1444, and frequently cancellarius natus and vice-chancellor; an active preacher and denouncer of lollardy, but zealous against pluralities and other ecclesiastical abuses; benefactor of Oriel, Balliol, and other colleges; his Dictionarium Theologicum (from which extracts were printed by J. E. T. Rogers, 1881) preserved at Lincoln College. Other works attributed to him include The Myroure of our Ladye (ed. Blunt, 1873), and a life of St. Bridget of Sweden.

[43] Sir Thomas Gascoigne (1593?–1686), alleged conspirator; succeeded as baronet of Nova Scotia, 1637; endowed convent near Fountains Abbey, 1678; sent to the Tower on a charge of plotting with other members of his family to murder Charles II, 1679; acquitted, 1679; retired to his brother's monastery at Lambspring, Germany, where he died.

[44] Sir William Gascoigne (1350?–1419), judge; reader at Gray's Inn; king's serjeant, 1397, and attorney to HerefordLancaster) on his banishment: chief-justice of king's bench, 1400; raised forces against Northumberland, 1403, and received the submission of his adherents 1406; probably a member of the court which tried them; improbably said to have refused to try Archbishop Scrope; ceased to be chief- justice soon after Henry V's accession; the story taken by Hall from Sir T. Elyot's Governour (1531) of his committing Henry V when Prince of Wales is without foundation.

[45] William Gascoigne (1612?–1644), inventor of the micrometer; corresponded with Horrocks and Crabtree; his invention of the micrometer not published till Auzout's announcement (1666) of his own; killed on royalist side at Marston Moor.

[46] Bamber Gascoigne (1725-1791), lord of the admiralty; eldest son of Sir Crisp Gaacoyne; M.I, Maiden, 1761-3, Midhurst, 1765-70, Weobly, 1770-4, Truro, 1774-84, Bossiney, 1784-6; receiver-general of customs.

[47] Sir Crisp Gascoyne (1700–1761), lord mayor of London; master of the BrewersCompany, 1746-7; sheriff of London, 1747-8; passed in common council act for relief of city orphans, 1748; lord mayor, 1752-3; knighted, 1752; first mayor who occupied Mansion House; convicted alleged kidnappers of Elizabeth Canning, but afterwards proved her information to be false.

[48] Isaac Gascoyne (1770–1841), general; third son of Bamber Gascoyne; served with Coldstream guards in Flanders, 1793-4, and commanded them in Ireland, 1798; major-general on the staff, 1802-8; general, 1819; M.P., Liverpool, 1802-30.

[49] Sir Stephen Gaselee (1762–1839), judge ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1793; pupil of Sir Vicary Gibbs; went the western circuit; K.C., 1819; knighted, 1825; justice of common pleas, 1824-37; supposed original of Dickens's Justice Stareleigh.

[50] Stephen Gaselee (1807–1883), serjeant-at-law ; son of Sir Stephen Gaselee; educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1832; barrister, Inner Temple, 1832; serjeant-at-law, 1840; M.P., Portsmouth, 1865-8.

[51] Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (1810–1865), novelist; daughter of William Stevenson (1772-1829); brought up by her aunt at Knutsford, the original of Cranford; married William Gaskell, 1832; became intimate with the Hewitts, 1841; published Mary Barton anonymously, 1848; praised by Miss Edgeworth, Landor, Carlyle, and Bamford: attacked by W. R. Greg and others as hostile to employers; a guest of Dickens, with Carlyle and Thackeray, 1849; contributed toHousehold Wordsfrom 1850, when she also became acquainted with Charlotte Bronte; published Lifeof Charlotte Bronte, 1857, the first edition being withdrawn because some of its statements were challenged by persons concerned; became intimate with Madame Mohl, 1855; organised sewing-rooms during cotton famine of 1862; died suddenly. Her other works includeLizzie Leigh 1855,The Grey Woman 1865, My Lady Ludlow 1859 (republished as Round the Sofa 1871), Mr. Harrison's Confessions 1865,Ruth 1853, Cranford 1853,North and South 1855,Sylvia's Lovers 1863, and Wives and Daughters 1865. The first edition of her collected works appeared in 1873.

[52] William Gaskell (1805–1884), Unitarian minister; M.A. Glasgow, 1824; junior minister of Cross Street Chapel, Manchester, 1828, senior, 1854; secretary to Manchester New College, 1840-6, professor of English history and literature, 1846-63, and chairman of committee from 1864; taught logic and literature at Owens College; hisLectures on the Lancashire Dialect(1844) appended to fifth edition of his wife's novel, Mary Barton see GASKELL, ELIZABETH CLEGHORN; some of his hymns included in Martineau's Hymns of Praise and Prayer (1874).

[53] George Gaskin (1761–1829), divine ; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1778: D.D., 1788; for forty-six years lecturer in Islington; incumbent of St. Bennet, Gracechurch Street, and secretary S.P.C.K., 1791; rector of Stoke Newington, 1797; prebendary of Ely, 1822; edited Bishop Dehon's sermons.

[54] Jan Baptist Gaspars (Jaspers) (1620?-1691), portrait-painter: native of Antwerp; worked for General Lambert; assisted Lely and Kneller, and became known as Lely's Baptist; painted portraits of Charles II and Hobbes, and etched Banquet of the Gods.

[55] Thomas Gaspey (1788–1871), journalist and author: for sixteen years on the staff of the Morning Post for which he wrote Elegy on Marquis of Anglesey's Leg sub-editor of Courier; published novels and historical works.

[56] John Peter Gassiot (1797–1877), scientific writer; chairman of Kew Observatory, which he helped to endow; founder of Royal Society Scientific Relief Fund; proved by experiments with Grove's cells that the static effect of a battery increases with its chemical action, 1844; proved with delicate micrometers the correctness of Grove's arguments against the contact theory, 1844; discovered stratification of electric dis,: 1852; F.R.S.

[57] Luce de Gast (fl. 1190?), lord of the castle of Gast, near Salisbury; reputed author of the first part of the French poem, Tristan

[58] Henry Gastineau (1791–1876), water-colour painter; member of Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1823; exhibited for fifty-eight years.

[59] Francis Gastrell (1662–1726), bishop of Chester; educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1687: D.D., 1700; carried on a controversy with Sherlock on the Trinity, 1696-8; Boyle lecturer, 1697; chaplain to Harley, when speaker, 1700; canon of Christ Church, 1702; queen's chaplain, 1711; bishop of Chester, 1714; published, among other works, Christian Institutes, 1 1707, and Historical Notices of the Diocese of Chester

[60] Thomas Gatacre (d. 1593), divine : educated at Oxford and Magdalene College, Cambridge; student, Middle Temple, c. 1553; domestic chaplain to Leicester; rector of St. Edmund's, Lombard Street, 1572.

[61] Charles Gataker (1614?–1680), divine : M,U of Thomas Gataker; educated at St. Paul's School; B.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1636; chaplain to Falkland and roctor of Hoggeston, Buckinghamshire; published works, including Animadversions on Bull's Harmonia Apostolica andExamination of the Case of the Quakers concerning Oaths 1675.

[62] Thomas Gataker (1574–1654), puritan divine and critic; son of Thomas Gatacre: scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow of Sidney Sussex College, 1696; B.D., 1603; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge; lecturer at Lincoln's Inn, 1601; rector of Rotherhithe, 1611; active member of the Westminster Assembly; favoured a mixture of prelacy and presbyterianism; signed address against Charles I's trial; published, besides controversial works and life of William Bradshaw, Marci Antonini de Rebus Suis 1652 (Greek text with Latin version and commentary), and commentaries on Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations.

[63] Bernard Gates (1685?–1773), musician; master of children of the Chapel Royal; member of Westminster Abbey choir and of Academy of Vocal Music; sang air in Dettingen Te Deum 1743; Handel's Esther performed at his house, 1732.

[64] Horatio Gates (1728–1806), major-general in United States service: served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick; captain, 1764; served at Fort Duquesne, 1755, Fort Pitt, 1760, and Martinique, 1762; major, 1762; in Ireland, 1768-9; retired from service and returned to obedience, 1643; minister In Jersey and chaplain to Sir Edward Hyde, 1647: D.D., 1660; vii-ar of l'l mouth, 1W1, but never had possession; died of the p urate of Yarmouth.

[65] Sir John Gates (1504?–1553), statesman ; accompanied Henry VIII to Lincolnshire, 1536; received valu-; able grants in Essex for confidential services; K.B., 1547; privy councillor and vice-chamberlain, 1551; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1552; executed as a partisan of Northumberland.

[66] Sir Thomas Gates (fl. 1596–1621), governor of Virginia; knighted for service in Cadiz expedition, 1596; served in Netherlands, 1604-8; sailed for Virginia as lieutenant-general of the Colonisation Company, 1609; wrecked off the Bermudas; governor, 1611-14, organising the colony; supposed to have died in East Indies: Jourdan's and Purchas's accounts of his adventures in the Bermudas probably groundwork of the Tempest

[67] Lionel Gatford (d. 1665), royalist divine ;'fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge: M.A., 1625; B.D., 1633; vicar of St. Clement's, Cambridge, 1631; rector of Dennington, 1637; arrested at Cambridge and imprisoned in. Ely House, Holborn, for an unpublished work on passive

[68] Alfred Gatley (1816–1883), sculptor : his 'Hebe' purchased by Art Union; exhibited busts of Epartero, 1846, Archbishop Sumner, 1848, and S. Christie-Miller, 1850, and executed that of Hooker in the Temple Chun-h after 1862 lived at Rome, where he dial; his bas-relief, * Overthrow of Pharaoh statues of Echo and Night and marble statuettes of animals exhibited at International Exhibition, 1862.

[69] James Gatliff (1766–1831), divine: educated at Manchester grammar school: perpetual curate of Gorton, Manchester; edited, with life, Wogan's Essay on the Proper Lessons 1818; imprisoned for debt and sequestrated; issued apologetic pamphlet with eccentric title, 1820.

[70] Henry Gattie (1774–1844), actor ; appeared at Bath in vocal characters and old men's parts, 1807-12at Drury Lane. 1813-33; his best part*, Morbleu in Monsieur Tonson and Dr. Caius in Merry Wives

[71] Margaret Gatty (1807–1873), writer "for children; daughter of Alexander John Scott, whose life she and her husband published, 1842; married Alfred Gatty, D.D., 1839; established Aunt Judy's Magazine 1866: published Parables from Nature 1855-71, Aunt Judy's Tales 1859, and Aunt Judy's Letters

[72] John Gau (1493?–1553?), translator; M.A. St. Andrews, 1511; published in Sweden Richt Vay to the Kingdome of Hevine (translation from Christiern Pedersen), 1533, the earliest protestant work in Scottish prose; prebendary of church of Our Lady, Copenhagen.

[73] John Gauden (1605–1662), bishop of Worcester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1626; entered Wadham College, Oxford; D.D., 1641; vicar of Chippenham and chaplain to Robert Rich, earl of Warwick, 1640; dean of Bocking, 1641; shuffled out of the Westminster Assembly for episcopalianism; retained benefices during the Commonwealth; wrote against the Army and the Civil Marriage Act and in defence of the church of England; published Ecclesiae Anglicanae Suspiria 1659; bishop of Exeter, 1660-2; wrote treatises against the covenanters, 1660-1; edited Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity 1662; bishop of Worcester, 1662; claimed the authorship of Eiieiav 3ariAit7j; the Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes aud Sufferings attributed by royalist writers and Bishop Christopher Wordsworth to Charles I. Gauden's claim was apparently admitted at the Restoration.

[74] Thomas Gaugain (1748–1810?), stipple engraver, native of Abbeville; exhibited paintings at Royal AcaAmenca, 1769; adjutant-general and brigadier in Ameri- demy, 1778-82; executed numerous engravings after can army on outbreak of war, 1775; major-general and: Reynolds, Northcote, Morland, Maria Cos way, and Nolle kens's bust of Fox.

[75] John Gaule (fl. 1660), divine; studied at Oxford and Cambridge; chaplain to Lord Camden, 1629; vicar of Great Staughton, 1646; published numerous theological works, including Select Cases of Conscience touching Witches(1646).

[76] Elizabeth Gaunt (d. 1685), the last woman executed for a political offence; burnt at Tyburn for treason in sheltering Burton, a Rye-house conspirator and adherent of Monmouth. commander of northern army serving in Canada, 1776; defeated Burgoyne at Bemua Heights, and forced him to surrender at Saratoga, 1777; president of board of war and ordnance, 1777: defeated at Camden, South Carolina, 1780;: superseded in the command, 1780.

[77] Gat NT, JOHN OF, DUKE OF LANCASTKR (1340-1399). See John.

[78] Maurice de Gaunt or Gant (or Paynell) (1184?-1230), baron of Leeds; granted charter to burgesses of Leeds, 1208; joined insurgent barons, 1216; captured at Lincoln, 1217; paid scutage for lands in eight counties, 1223; justice itinerant for Herefordshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Devonshire, Hampshire, and Berkshire, 1227; died in Brittany.

[79] Simon de Gaunt (d. 1315). See Ghent.

[80] Henry Gauntlett (1762-1833), divine; vicar of Olney, 1816-33, and friend of Rowland Hill; published Exposition of the Book of Revelation 1821.

[81] Henry John Gauntlett (1805–1876), organist and composer; son of Henry Gauutlett; played the organ at Olney as a child: organist at St. Olave's, Southwark, 1827-46, at Union chapel, Islington, 1853-61, and St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, 1872-6; introduced enlarged organs on the Haarlem model; patented electrical-action apparatus, 1852; created Mns.Doc. by Archbishop Howley, 1842; played the Elijah at Birmingham, 1846: edited Musical World contributing Characteristics of Beethoven and other papers; composed St. Alphege St. Albinus St. George and other hymn-tunes and chants, The Song of the Soul and Notes, Queries, and Exercises in Science and Practice of Music 1859. 'Encyclopaedia of the Chant first published, 1885, was largely his work.

[82] Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall (d. 1312), favourite and foster-brother of Edward II; banished by Edward I, 1307, but recalled and created an earl on accession of Edward II: betrothed to sister of the Earl of Gloucester; having offended the barons by his conduct at the coronation was banished, but made lieutenant of Ireland, 1308: recalled, 1309; gave fresh offence by insolence and extravagance; accompanied Edward to Scotland, 1310-11: his banishment again demanded by lords ordainers, 1311; returned secretly from Bruges and joined the king at York; surrendered conditionally to Pembroke at Scarborough; kidnapped by Warwick and executed on Blacklow Hill in presence of Lancaster and other barons.

[83] Antonio Gavin (fl. 1726), author of ' A Master Key to Popery; M.A. Saragossa; having become a protestant, escaped from Spain to London, and was entertained by Lord Stanhope; officiated as a minister in London and afterwards in Ireland, where hisMasterKey containing mendacious revelations, appeared in 1724.

[84] Robert Gavin (1827–1883), painter; exhibited popular landscapes at the Scottish Academy; A.R.S.A., 1854; travelled in America and Morocco, and lived some years at Tangier; R.S.A., 1879.

[85] Sir John Gawdie (1639–1699). See Gawdy.

[86] Framlingham Gawdy (1589–1654), parliamentary reporter; M.P., Thetford, 1620-1, 1623-4, 1625-6, and 1640; hisNotes of what passed in Parliament, 1641, 1642 preserved in British Museum.

[87] Sir Francis Gawdy (d. 1606), chief-justice of common pleas; half-brother of Sir Thomas Gawdy; treasurer of the Inner Temple, 1571; M.P., Morpeth, 1571; serjeant-at-law, 1577; as queen's serjeant, 1582, took part in proceedings against Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheringay, and those against William Davison (1541?-1608); justice of queen's bench, 1589; knighted, 1603; member of the courts which tried Essex and Ralegh; chief-justice of common pleas, 1605.

[88] Sir John Gawdy (1639–1699), painter; grandson of Framlingham Gawdy; succeeded to baronetcy, 1666.

[89] Sir Thomas Gawdy (d. 1589), judge ; bencher, Inner Temple, 1551; master of requests, 1551; M.P., Arundel, 1653; treasurer of Inner Temple, 1561; serjeantat-law, 1567: justice of the queen's bench, 1574; knighted, 1579; president of commission to determine fishing rights of Yarmouth and the Cinque ports, 1575; member of the courts which tried Dr. Parry, 1585, William Shelley, 1586, Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheriugay, and the Earl of Arundel, 1589.

[90] Thomas Gawen (1612–1684), Roman catholic writer; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1632; M.A.; met Milton at Rome; prebendary of Winchester, 1645; rector of Bishopstoke, 1660; having become a Romanist, withdrew to France, being admitted to Henrietta Maria's household; devotional works, published, 1686.

[91] George Gawler (1796–1869), governor of South Australia; served with 52nd foot in the Peninsula (being twice wounded) and at Waterloo; governor of South Australia, 1*38-41.

[92] William Gawler (1750–1809), organist and composer; published collections for piano or harpsichord, with instructions, 1780, Hannonia Sacra 1781, and other compositions.

[93] John Gay (1685–1732), poet and dramatist ; apprenticed to a London mercer; afterwards lived as a private gentleman; his first poem. Wine." ili'iiyin_r possibility of successful authorship to water-drinken, possibly published in 1708; published Present State of Wit 1711; secretary to the Duchess of Moumouth, 1712-14; issued Rural Sports 1713; contributed (1713) to Steele's 'Guardian andPoetical Miscellanies; hisShepherd's Week (satirical eclogues directed against Ambrose Philips), dedicated to Bolingbroke, 1714; accompanied Lord Clarendon to Hanover as secretary, 1714; his first play, What-d'ye Call it acted at Drury Lane and published, 1715; assisted by Swift in the poem 'Trivia 1716, and by Pope and Arbuthuot inThree Hours after Marriage acted 1717; accompanied William Pulteney to Aix, 1717; issued Poems 1720, with subscriptions from Burlington, Chandos, and other noble patrons; lost a fortune in South Sea funds; patronised by the Duke and Duchess of. Queeusberry Kitty); lottery commissioner, 1722-31; offered post of gentleman usher to the Princess Louisa, 1727; his Captives acted at Drury Lane, 1724; the first series of his Fables issued, 1727; his Beggar's Opera played for two seasons at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1728, and throughout the British Isles, making much sensation, while its sequel, Polly though prohibited (1728) by the court from being acted, was also published with great success; wrote the libretto for Handel's Acis and Galatea 1732, and Achilles an opera produced at Covent Garden, 1733; the second series of Fables (1738), his principal posthumous work. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

[94] John Gay (1699–1745), philosophical writer; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. 1725; fellow, 1724-32; vicar of Wilshampstead, Bedfordshire, 1732-45; prefixed to the translation by Edmund Law of the archbishop of Dublin's Essay on the Origin of Evil 1731, a Preliminary Dissertation on utilitarian lines.

[95] John Gay (1813– c. 1834); surgeon to Royal Free Hospital, 1836, and Great Northern, 1856-85; published medical works, including treatise On Femoral Rupture 1848.

[96] Joseph Gay (pseudonym) (1680?–1738). See John Durant Breval.

[97] Arthur Edward Gayer (1801–1877), Irish ecclesiastical commissioner for Ireland, 1859-69; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1823; LL.D., 1830; called to Irish bar, 1827; Q.O., 1844; chancellor of Ossory, 1848, and of Meath and other dioceses, 1851. His works include The Catholic Layman 1862, and Memoirs of Family of Gayer 1870.

[98] Sir John Gayer (d. 1649), lord mayor of London; warden of Fishmongers Company, 1638; prominent director of East India Company; as sheriff of London, 1635, enforced ship-money; knighted, 1641; lord mayor, 1646; impeached for abetting riots against compulsory militia service, 1647-8; president of Christ's Hospital, 1648; benefactor of Christ's Hospital.

[99] Sir John Gayer (d. 1711?), governor of Bombay ; nephew of Sir John Gayer (d. 1649); received freedom of East India Company, 1682; knighted, 1693; governor of Bombay under Sir John Goldsborough, 1693; chief governor on death of latter, 1694; arrested, 1700, and confined several years at Surat, at the instance of Sir Nicholas Waite, representative of the New East India Company; died at Bombay soon after his release.

[100] William de Gaynesburgh (d. 1307). See William Gainsborough.

[101] Clark Gayton (1720?–1787?), admiral; commanded the St. George at the attack on Martinique and the reduction of Guadeloupe, 1759; commander on Jamaica station, 1774-8; rear-admiral, 1770; admiral, 1782.

[102] Edmund Gayton (1608–1666) author; educated at Merchant Taylors School; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1633; fellow; adopted as a son by Ben Jonson: expelled from post of superior beadle in arts at Oxford by parliamentary visitors, 1648; lived in great pecuniary distress in London; published, among other works, Festivous Notes on... Don Quixote 1654, in prose and verse.

[103] Richard Gaywood (fl. 1650–1680), engraver and etcher; pupil of Wenceslaus Hollar and friend of Francis Barlow.

[104] Allan Geare (1622–1662), nonconformist; M.A. Leyden, 1G51; incorporated at Oxford; successively minister of St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf, chaplain to the Earl of Bedford, and minister of St. Saviour's, Dartmouth: ejected, 1662.

[105] Sir Francis Geary (1710?–1796), admiral; entered navy, 1727; while commanding the Chester captured several French and Spanish ships, 1743-5; rearadmiral, 1759; commander of Portsmouth, 1770: admiral of the blue, 1775, of the white, 1778; created baronet, 1782.

[106] William Ged (1690–1749), inventor of stereotyping; patented development of Van der Mey's method, 1725; made successful experiments, but was foiled in London by the dishonesty of his partner and the jealousy of the trade: returned to Edinburgh, and published in 1744 his stereotyped Sallust; died in poverty,

[107] Alexander Geddes (1737–1802), biblical critic; studied at Scalan and Paris; priest of Auchinhalrig and Preshome, Banffshire, 1769-79; made literary reputation by his verse translation of Horace's Satires 1779; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1780: suspended for attending a presbyterian service and hunting; while officiating at the imperial ambassador's chapel in London received from Lord Petre the means to prosecute his scheme for a revised catholic version of the bible; encouraged by Kennicott and Bishop Lowth; issued General Answer to Queries, Counsels, and Criticisms 1790; published the historical books of the Old Testament and Ruth 1792, 1797, and Critical Remarks on the Hebrew Scriptures 1800, the rationalistic character of which caused their prohibition and the author's suspension from ecclesiastical functions; his orthodoxy defended by Charles Butler (1750-1832); maintained that the Divinity of Jesus Christ was a primitive tenet of Christianity, 1787; published miscellaneous works.

[108] Andrew Geddes (1783–1844), painter ; educated at Edinburgh; exhibited at Royal Academy after 1806; A.R.A., 1832; in Italy. 1828-31: painted chiefly portraits; excelled as an etcher of portraits, landscapes, and copies of old masters.

[109] James Geddes (d. 1748?), advocate ; published Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the Ancients, particularly Plato 1748.

[110] Jenny Geddes (fl. 1637?), supposed name of the woman who threw a stool at the head of Bishop Lindsay when attempting to read Laud's service-book in St. Giles's, Edinburgh. Her real name is a very open question.

[111] John Geddes (1735–1799), Roman catholic bishop; educated at the Scots College, Rome; superior of Scalan, 1762-7, of Semple's College in Spain, 1770-9: coadjutor of the Lowlands, with title of Bishop of Morocco, 1779-97; published,Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland and Treatise against Duelling.

[112] Michael Geddes (1650?–1713), divine; M.A. Edinburgh, 1668; incorporated at Oxford, 1671; one of the first four Scottish students at Balliol College, Oxford, 1672; chaplain to English factory at Lisbon, 16781688; chancellor of Salisbury, 1691; created LL.D. by Archbishop Tenison, 1695; translated Portuguese and Spanish works.

[113] William Geddes (1600?–1694), presbyterian divine and author; graduated at Aberdeen, 1650; minister at Wick and Drquhart; published The Saint's Recreation

[114] Sir William Duguid Geddes (1828–1900), Greek scholar; M.A. University and King's Colleges, Aberdeen, 1846; rector of Aberdeen grammar school, 1853; professor of Greek at University and King's College, 1855, and in united university, 1860-85; principal and vice-chancellor of Aberdeen, 1885; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1876; knighted, 1892; published, among other works, an edition of Plato's Phaedo 1863.

[115] John Dury Geden (1822–1886), Wesleyan ; educated at Kiugswood and Richmond College; joint-editor of London Quarterly Review (established 1853;; member of legal lumclr.,1, I.-MJH: lion. D.D. St. Andrews, 1885; Feruley lecturer, 1874; one of the Old Testament revisers.

[116] Sydney Gedge (1802–1883), divine V.ASt. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 1824; fellow, 1826; second master of King Edward's School, Birmingham, 1835-59; vicur of All Saints Northampton, 1859-76; active supporter of Church Missionary Society.

[117] John Gedy (fl. 1370), abbot of Arbroath ; agreed to make a harbour for the burgh, 1394. Southey's story that he placed a bell on the Bell Rock to warn sailors of the dangerous nature of the coast is not supported by evidence.

[118] Edward Gee (1565–1618), divine ; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1588; M.A., 1590; D.D., 1616; chaplain to James I and fellow of Chelsea College: prebendary of Exeter, 1616.

[119] Edward Gee (1613–1660), presbyterian divine; nephew of Edward Gee (1565-1618); M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1636; rector of Ecclwton, 1643, by choice of the people; prominent member of the Lancashire presbytery; author of A Treatise of Prayer(1653) and The Divine Right and Originall of Civil Magistrates (1658).

[120] Edward Gee (1657–1730), dean of Lincoln; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1683: D.D., after 1701; rector of St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, and chaplain to William III, 1688; prebendary of Westminster and incumbent of St. Margaret's, 1701; dean of Lincoln, 1722-30; published protestaut pamphlets, 1687-9.

[121] John Gee (1596–1639), anti-catholic writer; nephew of Edward Gee (1565-1618); M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1621; beneficed at Newton, 1622, and afterwards at Tenterden; for a short time a Romanist; published on reconversion The Foot out of the Snare(1624) and similar works.

[122] Sir Orlando Gee (1619–1705), registrar of court of admiralty, 1660; brother of John Gee, benefactor of Isleworth Church.

[123] Thomas Geeran or Guerin (d. 1871), reputed centenarian; his case discredited by W. J. Thorns, F.S.A.

[124] Sir Robert Geffrey (1613–1703), lord mayor of London; master of IronmongersCompany, 1667, 1685, 1688; sheriff of London, 1673 knighted, 1673; lord mayor, 1685; president of Bethlehem and Bridewell, 1693; founded school at Landrake; almshouses in Kingsland Road, London, erected from his bequests.

[125] Walter Geikie (1795–1837), painter and draughtsman; a deaf mute from infancy; educated under Thomas Braidwood; exhibited at Scottish Academy from 1827; R.S.A., 1834; published Etchings Illustrative of Scottish Character and Scenery 1833.

[126] Gelasius or Gilla Mac Liag (1087–1173), count of Armagh and primate of Ireland; erenach of Derry, 1121; asserted primacy of Armagh by visitations; received the pall at the synod of Kells, 1149; summoned synod of Claue to promote uniformity.

[127] Edmund Martin Geldart (1844–1885), unitarian minister; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1867; lived for some time at Athens; joined the Unitarians, 1872, and officiated at Hope Street, Liverpool, and at the Croydou Free Christian church; published works on Modern Greek, a translation of Keim's Jesus of Nazara vol. U., 1876, The Gospel according to Paul 1884, and A Son of Belial(i.e. Balliol), 1882; disappeared on voyage to Dieppe.

[128] James William Geldart (1785–1876), professor of civil law at Cambridge, 1814-47: fellow of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1808, of Trinity Hall, 18091820; LL.D., 1814; rector of Kirk Deighton, 1840-76; edited Halifax's Analysis of Civil Law 1836.

[129] George Geldorp (fl. 1611–1660), portrait-painter ; came to England from Antwerp before 1823; intimate with Vandyck; painted portraits of William Cecil, second earl of Salisbury (DOW at Hatfield), and Lord Totnes. I I 2

[130] Sir John Gell (1593–1671), parliamentarian; as sheriff of Derbyshire levied ship-money, 1635; created baronet, 1642; raised regiment for the parliament, which was notorious for its plundering, 1642; prominent at capture of Lichfield and battle of Hopton Heath, 1643; suspected of conniving at escape of the royalists after Naseby, 1645; imprisoned and fined for plots against the Commonwealth, 1650; signed Derbyshire petition to Monck,1660.

[131] John Gell (d. 1806), admiral; commanded the Monarca in actions of Sir Edward Hughes with De Suffren; rear-admiral, 1793, when he captured a French privateer with the valuable Spanish treasure-ship Santiago; took part in occupation of Toulon; admiral, 1799.

[132] Robert Gell (1595–1666), divine; educated at Westminster and Christ's College, Cambridge; fellow; rector of St. Mary, Aldermanbury, c. 1641-65; published Essay towards the Amendment of the last English Translation of the Bible 1659.

[133] Sir William Gell (1777–1836), archaeologist and traveller; fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; his Topography of Troy 1804, made in three days, alluded to by Byron's epithet rapid Qell (originally classic); knighted after mission to Ionian islands, 1803; travelled in Greece with Edward Dodwell and published Geography and Antiquities of Ithaca 1807, and Itinerary of Greece 1810; published Itinerary of the Morea i (1817) andJourney in the Morea (1823); gave evidence (1820) in favour of Queen Caroline, whose chamberlain he had been; after 1820 lived in Italy; publishedPompeiana 1817-19, andTopography of Rome 1834; his original drawings preserved in the British Museum.

[134] Henry Gellibrand (1597–1636), mathematician; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1623: friend of Henry Briggs; Gresham professor of astronomy, 1627; prosecuted by Laud for bringing out an almanack in which protestant martyrs were substituted for Romish saints; acquitted; completed Briggs's Trigonometria Britannica 1633; published other mathematical works and Epitome of Navigation.

[135] Thomas Gemini, Geminie, or Geminus (fl.–1540-1560), engraver and printer; published with copperplate engravings by himself Compendiosa totius Anatomie delineatio 1545, an abridgment of Vesalius's work of 1543; printed works for Leonard Digges (d. 1571 ?) and engraved a portrait of Queen Mary (1559).

[136] John Gendall (1790–1865), painter, employed by R. Ackermanu; exhibited paintings of Devonshire scenery at the Academy, 1846-63.

[137] John Genest (1764–1839), dramatic historian; educated at Westminster; M.A. Trinity College, Cam bridge, 1787; published at Bath Account of the English i Stage, 1660-1830(1832).

[138] Edmund Geninges (1567–1591), Roman catholic ' divine; executed at Tyburn for returning to the realm;; his life published at St. Omer, 1614.

[139] John Geninges (1570?–1660), provincial of Eng- I lish Franciscans; brother of Edmund Geninges; first vicar of St. Bonaventure, Douay, 1619; co-founder of convent of St. Elizabeth, Brussels; published Institutio Missionariorum 1651.

[140] Sir Thomas Gent (d. 1593), judge; barrister, Middle Temple; M.P., Maiden, 1571; serjeant-at-law, j 1584; baron of the exchequer, 1586; member of high commission court.

[141] Thomas Gent (1693–1778), printer and topographer; member of Stationers Company and admitted to freedom of the city, 1717; employed in Fleet Street by Henry Woodfall and Samuel Richardson; settled at York, 1724, being the sole printer in the city and county; printed his own histories of York (1730), Ripon (1734), and Hull (1735); set up the first press at Scarborough; died in great poverty; his autobiography edited by Rev. Joseph Hunter, 1832.

[142] Artemisia Gentileschi (1590–1642?), painter; came to England with her father, Orazio Gentileschi ; painted for Charles I David and Goliath Fame and a portrait of herself; returned to Italy before 1630;" famous for her portraits.

[143] Orazio Gentileschi (1563–1647), painter: native of Pisa; came to England, 1626, from Paris, at invitation of Vandyck; painted for Buckingham and Charles I, who lodged him and gave him an annuity; some of his pictures at Marlborough House and two at Hampton Court.

[144] Alberico Gentlli (1552–1608), civilian ; born at Sanginesio; D.C.L. Perugia: obliged to leave Italy with bis father on account of heretical opinions; arrived in London, 1580; incorporated D.C.L. at Oxford, 1581; consulted by government as to course to be taken with Mendoza, the plotting Spanish ambassador, 1584; accompanied embassy of Pallavicino to Saxony, 1586; regius professor of civil law at Oxford through Walsingham's influence, 1587; began to practise as an advocate, 1590; admitted at Gray's Inn, 1600; permanent advocate for king of Spain, 1605. His chief works were De Juris Interpretibus Dialog! sex 1582 (in defence of the older jurists against thehumanistschool), De Legationibus (1585), De Jure Belli Cpmmentationes Tres 1589; De Jure Belli 1598, and Hispanicse Advocationis Libri Duo 1613; fifteen volumes of his manuscripts (D'Orville) acquired by the Bodleian, 1805.

[145] Aloysius Gentlli (1801–1848), missionary apostolic in England; came to England, 1835, as missioner of Rosmini's Institute of Charity; superior of the college, Prior Park, Bath, till 1839; removed to Loughborough mission. 1842.

[146] Robert Gentili (1590–1654?), infant prodigy and translator; eldest son of Alberico Gentili; spoke French and Latin at seven; matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, at nine; B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, at thirteen: nominated probationer fellow of All Souls College by Archbishop Bancroft in eighteenth year; resigned fellowship, 1612, and disappeared till 1637; translated Servita's History of the Inquisition, several works of Malvezzi, Bacon's Historic of Winds 1653, and Le Chemin Abrégé 1654.

[147] Francis Gentleman (1728–1784), actor and dramatist; appeared at Dublin in Oroouoko; afterwards played in his own pieces in England and Scotland, the best beingThe Modish Wife(1774), produced at Chester; published anonymously the Dramatic Censor 1770; often relieved by Garrick, whom he ridiculed in his 'Stratford Jubilee 1769; edited Bell's acting Shakespeare; played Sir Epicure Mammon in his Tobacconist 1771, an adaptation from the Alchemist

[148] Robert Gentleman (1746–1795), dissenting divine; preached and taupht school at Shrewsbury, 17661769; divinity tutor at Carmarthen academy, 1779-84; minister at Kidderminster, 1784-95; published, among other works, Young English Scholar's Companion .

[149] Tobias Gentleman (ft. 1614), author of a work entitled Way to Wealth 1614, pointing out advantages of developing herring fisheries.

[150] Geoffrey (d. 1093), bishop of Coutances, 1048; completed his cathedral, 1056; followed Duke William to England, 1066, and interpreted at his coronation; received vast grants of land, chiefly in the west, where he was active in repressing the rising of 1069; presided at trial of suit between Lanfranc and Odo at Peuneuden, 1071: attended councils of Winchester and Windsor, 1072, and the ecclesiastical council at St. Paul's, 1075; helped to put down rising of Ralf, earl of Norfolk, and Roger, earl of Hereford, 1076; took part in the baronial rising against William II, and held Bristol Castle, but was pardoned; upheld privileges of the clergy at Salisbury, 1088; died at Coutances.

[151] Rufus Geoffeey (d. 1140). See Rufus.

[152] Geoffrey Gaimar (d. 1140?). See Gaimar.

[153] Geoffrey of Gorham (d. 1146), abbot of St. Albans, 1119-46; native of Maine; while teaching at Dunstable composed a miracle-play of St. Katharine: built guestshall, queen's chamber, and a shrine; translated St. Alban's body, 1129; founded leper hospital of St. Julian, and enlarged nunnery at Sopwell.

[154] Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100?-1154), bishop of St. A?aph and chronicler; probably a BonHirt inr monk of Monmouth; studied at Oxford; archdeacon of Llandatf, c. IHu; bishop of St. Asaph, 1152-4: witnessed Treaty of Wallin-lonl, 1 153; buried at Llandaff. His Historia Britonum compiled fromNennius* and a lost book of Breton legends, tracing the descent of British princes from the Trojans, was translated into Anglo-Norman by Gaimar and Wace, and into English by Layiunon ami Robert of Gloucester; first printed iu 15U8 (Paris), and edited by Dr. Oiks in 1844. Geoffrey'sProphetia Anglicana Merliui Ambrosii Britauni was first printed, 1603.

[155] Geoffrey (d. 1154), first abbot of Dunfermline, 1128; prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1 liv,.

[156] Geoffrey (d. 1178), abbot of Dunfermline, nephew and successor of Geoffrey (d. 1154); witnessed charters of Malcolm IV and William the Lion: wrote in defence of Scottish church.

[157] Geoffrey (1158–1186), fourth son of Henry II and count of Brittany; betrothed by his father to Constance, daughter of Count Conan, the Little, and adopted as heir, 1 IOG; with the French king and his own brothers invaded Normandy, 1173, but did homage to his father on a promise of half the revenues of Brittany, 1175; knighted, 1178; upheld Philip II of France against the rebellious lords, and married Constance, 1181; by order of Henry II made war on his brother Richard; invaded Poitou, #nd refused to desist, occupying Limoges by treachery, 1183; after temporary reconciliation with Richard, joined Prince John against him, 1184; held Assize of Count Geoff rey at Renncs to preserve rights of the lord, 1185; plotted with Philip II for possession of Anjou; died suddenly at Paris, and was buried in Notre Dame.

[158] Geoffrey de Vinsauf (fl. 1200). See Vinsauf.

[159] Geoffrey de Muschamp (d. 1208), bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1198; archdeacon of Cleveland, 1189; elected bishop by monks of Coventry at instance of Richard I and Archbishop Hubert, 1198; said to have fled from England, 1207.

[160] Geoffrey (d. 1212), archbishop of York ; reputed son of Henry II, at whose accession he was acknowledged and received into the household; made bishop of Lincoln, 1173; took prominent part in suppressing the northern rebellion of 1173-4: remained uiiconsecrated and resigned under pressure from Pope Alexander III, 1182, but became chancellor of England and treasurer of York; faithful to his father in his last war with Richard and Philip Augustus, 1188-9; named archbishop of York by Richard I, 1189, but opposed by Hubert Walter and part of the chapter; ordained priest and confirmed in his see after much opposition; retired to Normandy, 1190, and ordered by Richard to remain abroad for three years; consecrated at Tours, 1191, and thereupon returned to England; arrested by William of Longchamp on the ground of Richard's prohibition of his return to England, but supported by Prince John; released and enthroned; excommunicated Bishop Hugh of Durham and other opponents; joined Bishop Hugh against John, 1193; his chapter in open rebellion against him after a demand for contributions for the king's ransom; suspended by the pope and deprived of sheriffdomof Yorkshire by the king, 1195: went to Rome and obtained reversal of sentence from the pope, 1196; temporarily favoured by Richard I, 1198: received with favour at accession of John, 1199; reconciled temporarily with chapter, 1200, but was again involved in disputes; upheld throughout by Innocent III; opposed levy of a tax on church property and fled abroad, 1207; buried at Grandmont, near Rouen.

[161] Geoffrey of Coldingham (fl. 1214). See Coldingham.

[162] Geoffrey (d. 1235?), prior of Coventry, 1216; choeen by bis monks to see of Lichfleld and Coventry, 1223, but the election quashed by Archbishop Stephen Langton and Honoritis III; suspended for resisting visitation of new bishop, 1232; author of chronicle cited in Dugdale's 4 Warwick

[163] Geoffrey the Grammarian, alias Starkey (fl. 1440), a friar; preacher at King's Lynn, Norfolk; his Promptuarium Parvulorum Clericorum an English-Latin dictionary, valuable as record of fifteenth century English and East-Anglian dialect, and for elucidation of debased Latin (printed by Pynson, 1499, and by Wynken dc Worde). tln-r works a-yignnl to Geoffrey by Bale and Pits im-ludu tin- first Jjitin-Knirli.-h diotiOMn printed in lBfkai*HortM W. -k- Word.-, in 1500.

[164] George I (George Lewis) (1660–1727), king of Great Britain and In-lund and elector of Hanover; great grandson of James I; first saw military service under the empire, 1675; came to England to propose for the hand of the Princess Anne, 1680; married his cousin, Sophia Dorothea of Oelle, 1682; took part in Sobicski'n relief of Vienna, 1683; distinguished himself in Hungary, 1685, and at Neerwinden, 1693; divorced his wife and imprisoned her for life, 1694; succeeded to Hanover, 1698-; admitted to the college of electors at the diet, 1708, and named arch- treasurer of the empire, 1710; protected Holstein-Gottorp against Denmark, 1698; joined the Grand Alliance, 1701, contributing 10,000 men and five regiments of horse; formed intimate relations with Marlborough after his mission of 1704-5; commanded imperial army on Upper Rhine, 1707-9; concluded alliances with Poland, 1709, and Denmark, 1710; occupied Verden, 1712: refused to intervene, in English politics; reconciled with his son on death (1714) of his mother, Electress Sophia, which made him the next heir after Queen Anne to the English throne; on Queen Anne's death had fresh instrument of regency drawn up for England, 1714; whileat the Hague, on his way to fill English throne, displaced Bolingbroke for Townshend as secretary of state, having previously named Marlborough captain-general; became king of England, 1714; his first collective cabinet entirely whig, with the exception of Nottingham see FINCH, DANIEL; conformed to the national church, though he was allowed a Lutheran chaplain, but was unpopular on account of his character and the rapacity of his foreign favourites, an attempt on his life being made, 1717; after suppression of Jacobite rebellion of 1715, and passing of Septennial Act, 1716, went to Hanover, where he frequently spent the hitter hah* of each; year, his son Prince George being left as regent; formed an alliance with France and the Netherlands, 1717, in which year Townshend was replaced by Stanhope as chief minister; the quadruple alliance formed in 1718, in accordance with his wishes, and Bremen and Verdeii added to Hanover, the schemes of Charles XII and Alberoni to aid the Jacobites being foiled; granted a slight measure of relief to the Romanists and dissenters; had convocation silenced, 1717. Walpole, who was called in to deal with the South Sea crisis, remained chief minister from 1721 till the end of the reign. Under Walpole theAtterbury plotwas discovered, 1722, further interference with Sweden checked, the treaty of Hanover negotiated, 1725, as a countercheck to that of Vienna, and George I induced to assent to it. George I died of apoplexy at Osnabrlick and was buried at Hanover. His will was destroyed by George II. A certain brusqueness of manner, in spite of some kingly qualities, prevented him from attaining popularity. Portraits by Kueller are at Windsor and in the National Portrait Gallery.

[165] George (1683–1760), king of Great Britain and Ireland; son of George I; after the divorce of his mother, whom he thought innocent, lived with his grandparents at Hanover: married Charlotte Caroline of BrandenburgAnspach, 1705; created an English peer, 1706; distinguished himself at Oudenarde, 1708; came to England with his father and was created Prince of Wale*, 1714; on friendly terms with John Campbell, second duke of Argyll, formed intimacy with Henrietta Howard (later Countess of Suffolk); popular with English, but not with Hanoverians; confined to his room and excluded from St. James's on account of his conduct to the king and Newcastle at the baptism of his eldest son, Frederick, 1717; removed to Leicester House, which became a centre of opposition, 1718; deprived of custody of bis children, partially reconciled to the king through Walpole, 1720; succeeded to the throne, 1727; continual Walpole in office after his favourite, Sir Spencer Compton, afterwards lord Wilmington, had failed to form a ministry, but replaced Lord Berkeley (who had propounded a scheme for transplanting him to America when Prince of Wales) by Sir George Byng at the admiralty; went to Hanover to secure possession of his mother's property and that of his uncle, the late bishop of Osnabriick; quarrelled with Frederick William of Prussia, and though reconciled to him by arbitration, 1730, was debarred from carrying out contemplated marriage alliances between the bouses of England and Prussia; with difficulty prevented from involving England in the Polish succession war, 1733; I but for some time acted on his advice; called in George tried to negotiate an alliance between the King of Spain, Philip V, and the emperor Charles VII; concluded treaty with Denmark, 1734; became attached to Countess vou Walmodeu, 1 735; reluctantly refused alliance with the emperor; negotiated marriage for Frederick, prince of Wales, with Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, 1736; spent most of 1736 in Hanover; was in great danger from a storm in returning; had an open rupture with Frederick, prince of Wales, 1737; created Countess Walmodeu Lady Yarmouth, 1738; overcame the pacific policy of Walpole, 1739, and declared war against Spain; concluded treaty with Maria Theresa, for whom he obtained a Qrenville, but made constant attempts to get rid of him, though concurring generally in his policy; urged on prosecution of Wilkes. 1703; approved Grenville's Stamp Act, 1765, but allowid its repeal, 1766; the Regency Act, from which ministers at first excluded name of princess dowager, due to his first mental illness, 1765; negotiated with Pitt and Lyttelton through Cumberland; again promised to deny access to Bute, probably keeping his word; obliged to accept* Rockiugham as minister; intrigued against Rockingham through the king's friends; allowed Pitt to come in with a free hand,creating him Earl of Chatham, Graf ton being nominal premier, 1766; entreated subsidy, 1741; secured Hanover by neutrality agreement Chatham to retain office, 1767; urged firmness in dealing - - i W ith the rioters of 1769 and with Wilkes; insulted by a mob at St. James's; induced Charles Yorke to accept the seals, 1770; made North premier, 1770; remained unmoved by petitions from the city demanding a dissolution; and for twelve years personally directed the government through distribution of patronage, disposal of civil list revenue, and manifestations of feeling at court ceremonials; frequently wrote to North, but sometimes consulted Charles Jenkinson, afterwards first earl of Liverpool; directed the opposition to Savile's with France; reluctantly parted with Walpole, 1742; made Lord Wilmington (Oompton) head of the treasury, and in Carteret as secretary of state (1742-5) found a sympathetic foreign minister; probably by advice of Carteret arranged treaty of Breslau between Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa, 1742, and formed defensive alliances with Prussia and Russia, 1742; took Hanoverian troops into British pay and sent them into the Netherlands; personally led the allied troops at Dettingen against the French, the victory recovering him his popularity, 1743; concluded treaty j Nullum Tempus Bill; forbade Cumberland and Gloucester the court, and promoted the Royal Marriage Bill, which prohibited members of the royal family from marrying under twenty-five without the king's consent; prevented interference of France between Russia and Turkey; showed hostility to Clive, 1773; favoured Boston Port Bill, 1774; arranged for Hanoverian garrisons in Gibraltar and Minorca, and negotiated for the hire of Russian tiOops, 1775; supported the policy which led to outbreak of war with American colonists, and as the war continued, approved*-every means ot alsTressIug America; applied to parliament" ftr~*~gnm*-4o..pa4ii.fete r uid though presenting imperfect accounts, received a sum for arrears and an addition to the civil list, 1777; refused to allow North to resjgn_p_r toreceive Ohathaai_a8_ chief minister, of Worms with Maria Theresaand Sardinia, 1743; compelled by his other ministers to dismiss Oarteret, 1744; made largely responsible for the defence of Bohemia when Frederick the Great declared war upon that country and renewed hostilities with Maria Theresa; compelled by the success of the French and Prussians, and landing of the Young Pretender in Scotland, to extort Maria Theresa's consent to the cession of Silesia, 1745; tried to get rid of his ministers and to recall Carteret (Lord Granville) and Pulteney (Lord Bath); refused to accept Pitt as secretary-at-war; gained over Newcastle to his warlike views, and after Oulloden sent more troops to the Netherlands, 1746; after unsuccessful operations obliged to make peace on the basis of mutual restitution, 1748;his scheme for procuring election of Arch- 1778rOT6wNorTh~fo"n'egoTiate'with the opposTttoiT; conduke Joseph as king of the Romans defeated by Prussia, ~* Templated retirement to Hanover; saved London by his conduct during Gordon riots, 1780; spent great sums in elections of 1781, and is said to have personally canvassed against Keppel at Windsor; applied to Shelburne and Gower on North's resignation, 1782, but was forced again to take Rockingham as minister; through Thurlow set the Shelburne section against the Rockingham whigs, Pitt as secretary of state under Devonshire," 1756, and, j and on Rockingham's death (1782) appointed Shelburne though he dismissed him within three mouths, on Walde- i as his successor; on Shelburne's resignation applied to grave's failure to form a ministry was obliged to re- j the younger Pitt and Gower before submitting to receive appoint him with Newcastle at the treasury, 1757. He j the coalition, 1783, whom he overthrew by using his pershowed much displeasure with his son, the Duke of Cum- sonal influence with the peers against their India Bill, berland, after his failure in Germany, and considered the j 1783; supported Pitt both before and after the general sentence of the court-martial on Sackville too lenient, election, which secured him a majority, the king's friends At the date of his death the French had been driven subsequently disappearing as a party; followed Pitt'8 from Canada, checked in Europe, and successfully attacked advice when premier, though disliking his scheme of parin India, Africa, and the West Indies, while the Dutch j liamentary reform and the trial of Warren Hastings; his were ousted from Bengal. He was buried beside Queen I life threatened by the mad Margaret Nicholson, Caroline in Henry VII's chapel, Westminster Abbey. In j 1786; suffered second attack of madness, 1788-9; agreed state affairs he was largely guided by Queen Caroline, to to dismissal of Thurlow, 1792, and recall of Duke of York whom he was much attached, in spite of his mistresses. He from Flanders, 1794; remonstrated with Pitt against put Hanover and his continental interests before England, negotiating with France, 1797; shot at by Hadfield, Though a patron of Handel, he neglected literature and j 1800; caused the resignation of Pitt by declaration pictorial art. Several portraits of him are in the National against revival of catholic emancipation, 1801; suffered a Portrait Gallery and at Hampton Court, and a royal group third attack of mania, which was abridged by Pitt's by Hogarth in the National Portrait Gallery of Ireland. promise not to revive the Roman Catholic question; re 1750; submitted to the Pelhams on the death of Frederick, prince of Wales, 1761; the subsidy treaties arranged by him for the defence of Hanover rejected by the regents, 1755, though next year a treaty was arranged with Prussia guaranteeing the integrity of Germany; obliged by the resignation of Henry Fox to accept

[166] George III (George William Frederick) (1738-1820), grandson of George II, and king of Great Britain and Ireland; son of Frederick Louis, prince of Wales ; created Prince of Wales, 1751; imbibed political principles from writings of Bolingbroke ancTBlttekstoue; completely under influence of his mother, and after attainment of his majority (1766) of Bute; said to have been in love with Hannah Lightfoot, a quakeress; on coming to the throne, 1760, put forth a proclamation against immorality, and declared that he gloried in the name of Briton; after a flirtation with Lady Sarah Lennox, viewed volunteers in Hyde Park, 1803; became deranged again, 1804, in consequence of the conduct of the Prince of Wales; through Eldou consented to receive Pitt back with the Grenvilles, but without Fox, 1804; opened parliament for last time, 1805; appointed Mauners-Suttou primate instead of Pitt's nominee, 1805; sent for Hawkesbury (Jenkinson), 1808, and on his failure accepted Grenvilleas minister with Fox, to whom he became reconciled, but brought about his resignation by demanding a pledge against catholic emancipation; by his influence kept the Portland ministry together, 1809-12; condemned the duel of Canning and Castlereagh; became blind, and, after married Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, ! 1811, permanently deranged, but retained bodily strength 1761; recommended the extension of judge's tenures be-, almost till death. He was very popular with the middle yond the demise of the crown; determined to destroy the classes, and generally with the majority of his subjects, party system and to end the French war; dismissed Pitt and Newcastle, and made Bute secretary of state, 1761, and first minister, 1762; dismissed Portland, Rockingham, and other leading whigs, and concluded peace with France and Spain, 1763; was obliged to part with Bute, i Gallery. who respected the decorum of his life, and a firmness which at times verged on obstinacy. He was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Portraits of him are at Windsor, Hampton Court, aud in the National Portrait

[167] George IV (1762–1830), king of Great Britain and Ireland; son of George III and ".HI. m liarlntte: brought up in strict seclusion with his brother Frederick Augustus, duke of York, at Kew, but well educated: already involved in intnim- with Mary Robinson Perdita, 1780; came of age, 1783, when he established liimsett at Carlton House; received 30,000. from parliament to pay debts, and an annual allowance of 5U,000. from the king; in close alliance with Charles James Fox and other whig leaders; fell in love with Mrs. Maria Anne Pitzherbert and married her, 1785; denied tin? marriage in order to conciliate parliament and deceived Pox; received an addition to his income and a parliamentary grant of 161,0007. for his debts, 1787; pluuged into fresh extravagances in company with York, Fox, Sheridan, and Beau Brummell; built Brighton Pavilion, 1784, and lived much there; intrigued with Thurlow and Loughborough against the queen and Pitt, and openly canvassed for support against the minister's regency resolutions, 1788; drew up a letter of remonstrance in concert with the whigs against the restrictions on his powers as regent, 1789; received an offer of free powers from Irish parliament; excluded from the king's presence on his recovery; addressed remonstrances to him on conduct of the queen and an apologetic memorial; raised money abroad on Osuabriick bishopric and postobits; their liability repudiated by the prince's agents after 1792; married Caroline of Brunswick. 1795, but soon separated from her, and returned to Mrs Fitzherbert, though recently intimate with Lady Jersey; received another grant from parliament; demanded vice-royalty of Ireland, and intervened on behalf of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 1797-8; applied for service abroad; under influence of Moira see HASTINGS, FRANCIS RAWDON-, 1764-1826 made overtures to Pitt, 1801: received a fresh money grant and a commutation of his claims on the duchy of Cornwall, 1803; his application for military employment again refused; negotiated through Sheridan with Addington, but at the same time suggested to Pitt a junction between him and Fox under the premiership of Moira, 1804; deprived of the care of his daughter, Princess Charlotte, 1805; obtained commission for examination into charges against Princess Caroline, 1806; practically severed himself from all the whigs except Sheridan, Erskine, and Moira; consulted Grey and Grenville upon his answer to Perceval's regency proposals, when the king was permanently disabled by insanity, but acted on the advice given by Sheridan and Adam, 1811: after further negotiations with the whigs was induced by influence of Lady Hertford to accept the restricted regency; broke with Mrs. Fitzherbert at installation as Prince Regent; deprived of Perceval's services by his death, 1812, after which complicated negotiations for the formation of a coalition ministry under the Marquis Wellesley or Lord Moira followed, but were rendered fruitless owing to the regent's aversion from Grey and Grenville, on which the lories returned to office under Liverpool, 1812; became involved in disputes with his wife and daughter; the reenactment of the act of 1795 for the security of the king's person necessitated by his unpopularity, 1817; succeeded to the throne, 1820; employed Knighton to deal with his debts; tried to prevent the return of Queen Caroline , and on her arrival excluded her from the coronation, and forced ministers to bring in a divorce bill, 1820; visited Ireland and Hanover, 1821, and Scotland, 1822; tried to exclude Canning from office, and thwarted his foreign policy; retired with Lady Conyngham to Brighton and Windsor; strongly opposed catholic emancipation and the recognition of the Spanish-American republics; wished to take command of the army on Wellington's retirement; under the Goderich ministry, 1827-8, distributed appointments without consulting the ministers; reluctantly accepted the repeal of Test and Corporation Acts, and put many obstacles in the way of the passing of Catholic Emancipation Bill, but finally gave way; latterly suffered from failing health and delusions; the power of the crown much diminished in his reign. He was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor. Portraits by Lawrence are at Windsor and in the National Portrait Gallery.

[168] George, Duke of Clarence (1449–1478), son of Richard, duke of York (1411-1460); after his father's death in 1460 was sent for safety to Utrecht, whence he was brought back on his brother Edward IV's accession in 1461 and created Duke of Clarence; lord lieutenant.!; at Calais married, contrary to Edward's wishes (1469), I.-abella, the elder daughter of the Earl of Warwick; invaded England in company with his lather-in-law ami made Kin: Edward pri-oncr at Edgecot, 1469; forced by public opinion to release him: after obtaining an amnesty bemplieated with Warwick in an unsuccessful Lancastrian rising in Linclnshire; tied to France, March 117(i: returned to England with Warwick, hk-ptember 1470, and Edward fled the country; disapproved of the restoration of Henry VI, and in 1471 deserted to his brother at Coventry with four thousand men; fought with Edward at Barnet, 1471, and Tewkesbury, 1471, and assisted in the re-establishment of the York dynasty; became involved in a violent quarrel with his brother, Gloucester, who wished to marry Anne Neville see ANNK, QUKI RICHARD III and share her mother's inheritance; reconciled with Gloucester by a parliamentary partition of the Neville estates, 1474; offered himself (1476) as a suitor for the hand of Mary of Burgundy, the successor of Charles the Bold; his scheme vetoed by Edward IV; revenged himself on some of the queen's adherents; charged with compassing the death of the king by necromancy and 1 with other treasonable practices and committed to the Tower; attainted by parliament, January 1478, and sentenced to death; secretly executed within the Tower, 17 or 18 Feb. 1488. The mode of death is uncertain, the statement that he was drowned in a butt of malmsey being perhaps only a London rumour.

[169] George, Prince of Denmark (1653–1708), consort of Queen Anne; married Princess Anne, 1683; deserted James II, 1688, at Andover; rewarded by act of naturalisation and a peerage, being created Duke of Cumberland, 1689; disliked by William III; on his wife's accession was refused title of king, 1702, but namedgeneralissimo (nominally superior of Marlborough as captain-general) and lord high admiral, receiving a large annuity and exemption from disabilities under Act of Settlement; voted for Occasional Conformity Bill, 1702; his management of the admiralty attacked by the whigs, 1704-8; F.R.S. A portrait by Wissing is in the National Portrait Gallery.

[170] John George (1804–1871), Irish judge; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1826; barrister, King's Inns, 1826, and Gray's Inn, 1827; Q.C., 1844; M.P. for co. Wexford, 1852-7 and 1859-66: solicitor-general under Lord Derby, 1859; privy councillor of Ireland, and judge of queen's bench, 1866.

[171] William George (d. 1756), dean of Lincoln; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1723; D.D., 1728; seventeen years principal of Eton; provost of King's, 1743, and vice-chancellor of Cambridge; dean of Lincoln, 1748-56; his lines on the death of Prince Frederick highly commended by Pope Benedict XIV.

[172] Gerald, saint and bishop (d. 731), according to the Bollandist Life, a monk who left Winchester for Ireland to lead a solitary life; built a church in Mayo called Gill n-ailither Church of the Pilgrims). where he was buried; termed in Annals of the Four Masters the 'Pontifex of Mayo of the Saxons' and 'Episcopus' in Litany of Oengus.

[173] Joseph Gerald (1763–1796). See Gerrald.

[174] Gerard or Girard (d. 1108), archbishop of York ; when clerk of the chapel and chancery sent by William II on a secret mission to Pope Urban, from whom he obtained the despatch of a legate and pallium, 1095; rewarded with see of Hereford, being ordained only a day before consecration, 1096; witnessed Henry I's charter, 1100; archbishop of York, 1100-8; opposed Archbishop Anselm , and successfully represented Henry I against him at Rome in the investiture dispute; eventually repudiated by Pope Paschal and compelled to profess obedience to Anselm; attempted to consecrate bishops;invested* by the king and was rebuked by Paschal; reconciled to Anselm, 1107: refused burial in the minster, but transferred thither by Archbishop Thomas II.

[175] Alexander Gerard (1728–1795), philosophical writer; professor of philosophy at Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1750, and of divinity, 1760-71; professor of divinity at King's College, 1771; D.D.: moderator of general assembly, 17G4; published prize Essay on Taste 1759, Essay on Genius 1774, and apologetic works.

[176] Alexander Gerard (1792–1839), Himalayan explorer; son of Gilbert Gerard; served with 13th Bengal native infantry, 1808-36; while enpavol in surveying, 1812-17 and 1825-6, ascended peaks hitherto unsealed and penetrated into Thibet: ascnxUil in 1821 the Charang Pass and Mount Tahigung (22.00U feet); his travels described in Indian scientific journals and in EdinburghJournal of Science and noticed in Heber's 'Journal.

[177] Charles Gerard , first Baron of Brandon and Earl of Macclesfield (d. 1684), greatgrandson of Sir Gilbert Gerard; educated abroad; commanded infantry brigade at Edgehill, 1642; wounded there and at Lichfield, 1643; arranged capitulation of Bristol, 1643; distinguished at first battle of Newbury, 1643; again wounded at relief of Newark, 1644; conducted successful operations in South Wales. 1645; removed for rigorous treatment of Welsh, but created a peer, 1645; commander of Charles I's bodyguard, escorting him from Wales to Oxford, thence to Hereford, and afterwards to Chester, 1645; desperately wounded at Kowton Heath, 1645; retired with the king to Newark, but was dismissed his service for a disorderly protest against the supersession of Sir Richard Willis, 1645; rejoined Charles at Oxford, 1646, and raised a troop of horse; went abroad after the capitulation; vice-admiral of the fleet at Helvoetslnys, 1648; gentleman of the bedchamber to Charles II, 1649; served under Turenne at Arras, 1654; intrigued at Paris on behalf of Henrietta Maria, and encouraged designs of his cousin, John Gerard (1632-1664) ; returned with Charles II from Breda, 1660, at the head of the life guards; regained hi? estates and received a pension; envoy extraordinary to Paris, 1662; supervised defences of Isle of Wight and Portsmouth against Dutch, 1666-7; created Earl of Macclesfield, 1679; dismissed from the bed-chamber as an adherent of Monmouth, 1681; presented by Cheshire grand jury as disaffected, 1684; fled to the continent, 1685; commanded William Ill's bodyguard, 1688; privy councillor and president of council of Welsh marches, 1689; member of commission to inquire into conduct of fleet, 1690.

[178] Charles Gerard , second Earl of Macclesfield (1669?–1701), son of Charles Gerard, first earl of Macclesfield; M.P., Lancashire, 1679, 1680-1. and 1688-94; committed to the Tower on suspicion of treason, 1683, but acquitted; again arrested as adherent of Monmouth, convicted of complicity in Rye House plot, and sentenced to death, 1686; pardoned, 1687; lord-lieutenant of Lancashire, 1690, of North Wales, 1696; bail for Lord Mohun, 1692; as major-general, 1694, succeeded Talmash after his death before Brest: envoy extraordinary to Hanover, 1701; buried in Westminster Abbey.

[179] Sir Gilbert Gerard (d. 1593), judge ; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1539: joint-treasurer of Gray's Inn, 1556; M.P., Wigan, 1553 and 1555, and Steyning, 1564; attorneygeneral, 1659; drew up reforms for Irish exchequer court, 1560; counsel to Cambridge University, 1561; commissioner for sale of crown lands, 1663; member of ecclesiastical commission, 1667: member of commission tor trial of northern rebels, 1570; took part in prosecution of Norfolk, Northumberland, and others, 1571-2; knighted 1579; master of the rolls, 1581; M.P., Lancaster, 1584; took part in trials of Somervyle, 1583, Parry, 1685, and Shelley, 1586, for conspiracy, and of Arundd, 1589, and Perrot, 1592; chief commissioner of the great seal, 1591-2. ,

[180] Gilbert Gerard (1760–1815), theological writer ; son of Alexander Gerard (1728-1795); minister of Soots church, Amsterdam; professor of Greek at King's College, Aberdeen, 1791, of divinity, 1795; moderator of general assembly, 1803;Compendious View of the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion the joint work of himself and bus father, published 1828.

[181] James Gilbert Gerard (1795–1835), Bengal wirgeon; non of Gilbert Gerard; surgeon, 1826; accompanied hi* brother Alexander Gerard (1792-1839) lq. v. in Himalayan journeys: gave great scientific assistance to expedition of Sir Alexander Burnes to Bokhara, 1831, but died at Subathoo from exhaustion.

[182] John Gerard (1645–1612), herbalist; "ember of court of assistants of Barber-Surgeons, 1595; master, 167; superintendent of Burgbley's gardens; the list of planU in his own garden (Holborn), first published cata , 1: !r, (e,l. n. D. Jackson, 1876): hisHerball(1597) edited bj T. Johnson, 1633.

[183] John Gerard (1564–1637), Jesuit; imprisoned for attempt to leave England without licence, 1585: joined Jesuits at Rome, I.fc8; active on the English mission; betrayal by a servant, imprisoned and tortured; escaped from the Tower, 1697: gave information of Watson's plot, 1603; suspected of complicity in Gunpowder plot: escaped to Rome, 1606; rector at Louvain, 1609; first rector at Liege, 1614-22; director of English college; Rome, 1627-37: his narrative of the Gunpowder plot printed in Morris'sCondition of the Catholics(1871), and Latin autobiography translated by G. Kingdon, S.J., 1881.

[184] John Gerard (1632–1654), royalist colonel ; cousin of Charles Gerard, first earl of Macclesfield; beheaded for plot to kill Cromwell and proclaim Charles II.

[185] Marc Gerard .

[186] Patrick Gerard (1794–1848), geographical writer; son of Gilbert Gerard; served in Bengal army; captain, 1828; invalided, 1832; died at Simla: contributed meteorological observations toAsiatic Researches and left in manuscript (British Museum) meteorological journal, 1817-29.

[187] Richard Gerard (1613–1686), royalist: served in the Netherlands, 1638-42; escorted Queen Henrietta Maria from the Hague to England; lieutenant-colonel in royal army, 1643; at second battle of Newbury, 1644; attended Charles I at Hurst Castle, and carried letters between him and the queen in France.

[188] Thomas Gerard, Garret or Garrard (1500?-1540), divine; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1524; entered Christ Church, Oxford; D.D. Cambridge; distributed Lutheran books and Tyndale's translation of the New Testament; examined and forced to recant before the bishops of London and Bath, 1528; pardoned and employed by Wolsey; rector of All Hallows, Honey Lane, and chaplain to Cranmer, 1537; having preached at Paul's Cross, 1540, in answer to Gardiner, was burnt at Smithfield for heresy.

[189] Sir William Gerard (d. 1581), lord chancellor of Ireland; cousin of Sir Gilbert Gerard; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1546: M.P., Preston, 1553, and Chester, 16551572; recorder of Chester, 1566-72; vice-president of council of Wales, 1562; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1576; knighted, 1577; returned to England and became master of requests, 1577; active member of Irish ecclesiastical commission; forwarded to Walsiugham an historical treatise on Wales, with suggestions for reform,

[190] Marcus Gerards . See Gheeraerts.

[191] Sir Balthazar Gerbier (1691?–1667), painter, architect, and courtier; native of Middelburg; came to England, 1616, becoming keeper of York House and collector for Buckingham; accompanied Buckingham to Spain, 1623, and Paris, 1625; negotiated with Rubens for a peace with Spain, 1625-7; entered service of Charles I and was knighted, 1628; trusted agent of the king at Brussels, 1631, but betrayed for money his negotiations with the Flemish nobles, 1633; became master of the ceremonies, 1641; his house at Bethnal Green attacked by mob as supposed asylum for papists, 1642; retired to France, 1643; returned to England after the king's execution; engaged in mining projects at Cayenne, 1659-60; returned to England, but, being unable to regain his position at court, turned his attention to architecture; a miniature by him of Charles I preserved at South Kensington,

[192] Daniel Geredigion (1792–1846). See Daniel Evans.

[193] John Geree (1601?-1649), puritan divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1621; as incumbent of Tewkesbury silencedfor nonconformity (after 1624), but restored, 1641; rector of St. Albans, 1646-7; preacher at St. Faith's, London, 1647; advocated right of the king to abolish episcopacy inA Case of Conscience Resolved 1646.

[194] Stephen Geree (1594–1656?), puritan; elder brother of John Geree; B.A. Magdalen Hall. ford, 1615; vicar of Wonersh, and, -.1641, rector of A Imijrrr: published theological pamphlets.

[195] Lady Elizabeth Germain , 'LADY BETTY ' (1680-1 769), daughter of Charles, second earl of Berkeley, and second wife of Sir John Germain, who left her a large fortune, including the Arundel cameos; friend of Swift. Young dedicated to her bis sixth satire on woman.

[196] George Sackville Germain , first Viscount Sackville (1716–1785), soldier and statesman (known as Lord George Sackville till 1770); third son of Lionel Sackville, first duke of Dorset q. v.j; educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Dublin; M.A., 1734; as lieutenant-colonel of the 28th foot (1st Gloucester) distinguished himself at Fontenoy, 1745, where he was wounded and captured; colonel of 20th foot (1st Lancashire fusileers), 1746, of 12th dragoons (lancers), 1749, and of present 6th carabineers. 1750; major-general, 1755; member of the court of inquiry into conduct of Sir John Mordaunt at Rochefort, 1757; lieutenant-general of the ordnance, and colonel, 2nd dragoon guards, 1757; second in command of St. Malo expedition, 1758; as commander of British contingent with Prince Ferdinand neglected to lead British cavalry in pursuit of the French at Minden, 1759, for which he was dismissed the service, declared by a court martial unfit to serve in any military capacity, and his name erased from the privy council, 1760; M.P., Dover, 1741-61, Hythe, 1761-8, East Grinstead, 1768-82: chief secretary to the viceroy of Ireland (Dorset), 1751-6; his name restored to privy council by George III; assumed name of Germain, 1770: fought duel with Captain Johnstone, late governor of Pensacola; commissioner of trade and plantations, and secretary of state for colonies, 1775-82; created Viscount Saokville, 1782; absurdly credited by some with authorship of Junius

[197] Sir John Germain (1650–1718), soldier of fortune; reputed son of William II, prince of Orange; accompanied William III to England, and served under him in Ireland and Flanders: created baronet, 1698; married Lady Mary Mordaunt, 1701; inherited from her Drayton and other property; his second wife was Lady Betty Berkeley.

[198] Germanus (378?–448), bishop of Auxerre and missionary to Britain: one of the six dukes of Gaul; was forcibly made a cleric by Amator of Auxerre; succeeded Amator as bishop, 418; founded monastery on the Yonne; with St. Lupus went to Britain, 429, and overcame Pelagians in disputation at Verulamium (St. Albans); said to have aided the Britons to overcome the Ficts by causing them to cry Alleluia, 430; built church at Auxerre in honour of St. Alban; overcame the Pelagians in a second visit to Britain, 447; went to Ravenna to intercede with the empress-mother for the Alans against the Armpricans; died there, but was buried near Auxerre.

[199] Joseph Gerrald (1763–1796), political reformer ; native of St. Christopher, West Indies; pupil of Samuel Parr at Stanmore, and his lifelong friend; went to Edinburgh convention as a delegate of the London Corresponding Society, 1793; was sentenced by Braxfield to fourteen yearstransportation for sedition, 1794; died five months after his arrival at Botany Bay.

[200] Gervase of Canterbury (Gervasius Dorobornensis) (fl. 1188), chronicler ; became a monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1163, and sacrist, 1193; engaged in disputes between the archbishop of Canterbury and the abbot of St. Augustine's, 1179-83, and with his own monastery, 1185-91. His works, edited by Bishop Stubbs (Rolls Series, 1879, 1880), include an account of the burning and rebuilding of the cathedral (1174), a history of the archbishops of Canterbury from Augustine to Hubert, 'Mappa Mundi a Canterbury Chronicle (1100-99), and Gesta Regum which after his death was continued to 1328, and is of value for the early years of John's reign.

[201] Gervase of Chichester (fl. 1170), author of an extant commentary on Malachi; disciple of Thomas Becket.

[202] Gervase of Tilbury (fl. 1211), author of Otia Imperialia; brought up at Rome; taught law at Bologna, among his pupils being Pignatelli; present at meeting of the Emperor Frederick I and Pope Alexander III, 1177; attached to Henry, son of Henry II of England; high in favour of William II in Sicily; made marshal of Aries by th.- Kniperor Otto IV, to whom he dedicated hisOtia Imprrialia; probably died in England.

[203] John Gervays (d. 1268).

[204] Lady Grace Gethin (1676–1697), learned lady ; daughter of Sir George Norton; married Sir Richard Gethin; buried in Westminster Abbey.

[205] Richard Gething (1585?–1652?), calligrapher pupil of John Davies of Hereford; native of Herefordshire; published at the Hand and Pen Fetter Lane, a copybook (1616) and Chirographia (1645).

[206] John Daniel Getsius (1592–1672), divine and tutor; native of the Palatinate; doctor of philosophy, Marburg, 1618; B.A. Cambridge; taught Hebrew at Exeter College, Oxford, and was incorporated B.A., 1628; vicar of Stoke Gabriel, 1636, where he took pupils; imprisoned, 1643, for a royalist sermon; published a Greek testament lexicon, with other works.

[207] Marcus Gheeraerts, Geeraert, or Garrard, the elder (1510?–1590?), painter and engraver; native of Bruges, where he designed the tomb of Charles the Bold; engraved view of the town, now among the archives, and painted the Descent from the Cross; came to England as a protestant refugee, 1568; said to have died in England.

[208] Marcuc Gheeraerts, Gheeraedts, Geeraerts, Gerards or Garrard, the younger (1561-1635), painter: son of Marcus Gheeraerts the elder; accompanied his father to England; among his portraits were several of Elizabeth and Camden; his 'Conference of English and Spanish Plenipotentiaries' bought for National Portrait Gallery, 1882; published Handbook to Art of Drawing

[209] Ghent or GATTNT, JOHN OF, DUKE OF LANCASTER (1340-1399).

[210] Simon De Ghent (d. 1315), bishop of Salisbury ; archdeacon of Oxford, 1284; chancellor of the university, 1290-3; bishop of Salisbury, 1297-1316; one of the lords ordainers, 1310; ardent ecclesiastical reformer; resisted admission of papal nominee to deanery of Salisbury; preserved his right of tallage against the citizens; wrote Regula Anchoritarum and drew upStatnta ecclesiastica

[211] Adam Gib (1714–1788), Scots anti-burgher divine ; educated at Edinburgh: joined the Associate Presbytery of 1735; minister of secession congregation, Bristo Street, Edinburgh, 1741; captured a rebel spy, 1745; leader of the anti-burgher synod, 1747; when dispossessed of Bristo Street Church ministered in one built for him in Nicholson Street; calledPope Gib published Proceedings of the Associate Synod 1748.

[212] Frederick Gibb (d. 1681), miscellaneous writer: M.D. Valence, 1651; wrote occasionally under the name of Philalethes; contributed verses to a volume of De Thou 1678.

[213] John Gibb (1776–1850), civil engineer and contractor; assisted Rennie in construction of Greenock harbour; repaired Crinan canal, 1817; completed Telford's Glasgow bridge.

[214] Robert Gibb (d. 1837), landscape-painter; an original A.R.S.A.; R.S.A., 1829.

[215] Charles Gibbes (1604–1681), divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1628; D.D., 1662; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1624; prebendary of Wells; prebendary of Westminster, 1662.

[216] Sir George Smith Gibbes (1771–1851), physician to Bath Hospital; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A., 1792; M.D., 1799; F.R.C.P., 1804; Harveian orator, 1817; physician to Bath Hospital, 1804; knighted, 1820: F.R.S. and F.L.S. His works include treatises on the Bath waters.

[217] James Alban Gibbes or Ghibbes (1611–1677 Latin poet; studied under Veiling at Padua; from 1644 practised as a physician at Rome; enjoyed favour of four successive popes; dedicated to Clement IX his Carminum Pars Lyrica ad exemplum Q. Horatii Flaccl 1668; sent to Oxford a gold chain and medal attached to his diploma of poet laureate from the Emperor Leopold I, 1667; created M.D. Oxford, 1671, asthe Horace of his age

[218] Benjamin Phelps Gibbon (1802–1851), lineeugraver; executed engravings after Landseer and Mulready's Wolf and Lamb

[219] Charles Gibbon (fl. 1589–1604), author; published so. works, including The Order of Equalitte (1604), an appeal for proportional equalisation of the incidence of taxation.

[220] Charles Gibbon (1843–1890), novelist; journalist at Glasgow, c. 1860; published about thirty novels; edited Casquet of Literature 1873-4.

[221] Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), historian; educated at Westminster; owed his taste for books to his aunt, Catherine Porten; spent fourteen unprofitable months at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1752-3; became a Romanist after reading Middleton'sFree Inquiryand works by Bossuet and Parsons, 1753; at Lausanne (1753-8), where his tutor, Pavillard, drew him back to protestantism, and where he made friends with Deyverdun and read widely; became attached to Susanne Oiirchod (afterwards Madame Necker), but in deference to his father broke off the engagement, 1757; publishedEssai sur 1'Etude de la Litterature 1761 (English version, 1764); served in Hampshire militia, 1759-70, and studied military literature; at Lausanne met Holroyd (afterwards Lord Sheffield); during a tour in Italy, 1764-5, formed plan of his History amid the ruins of the Capitol; with Deyverdun publishedMemoires Litteraires de la Grande-Bretagne 1767-8, contributing a review of Lytteltou's Henry II; issued 4 Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the JEneid attacking Warburton, 1770; settled in London, 1772; joined Dr. Johnson's Club, 1774; became professor in ancient history at the Royal Academy in succession to Goldsmith; M.P., Liskeard, 1774-80, Lymington, 1781-3; drew up a state paper against France, and was commissioner of trade and plantations, 1779-82; issued in 1776 the first volume of hisDecline and Fall of the Roman Empire,* which passed into three editions, and obtained the favourable verdict of Hume, Robertson, Warton, and Walpole; defended the chapters on growth of Christianity in hisVindication 1779; issued the second and third volumes, 1781, after a visit to Paris, where he met Button and disputed with De Mably; retired with Deyverdun to Lausanne, 1783, where he finished the work, 1787 (published, 1788); returned to England, 1793; died suddenly in London; a Latin epitaph written for his monument at Fletching, Sussex, by Dr. Samuel Parr. His Miscellaneous Works (edited by his friend Lord Sheffield, 1796) contained an autobiographical memoir, and Antiquities of the House of Brunswick (1814).

[222] John Gibbon (1629–1718), writer on heraldry ; educated at Merchant Taylorsand Jesus College, Cambridge; travelled in Europe and America, where he saw Indian aborigines, whose war-paint he took as a proof of the universality of heraldry; created Blue Mantle, 1671; chief work, Introductio ad Latinam Blasoniam 1682; his Heraldo-Memoriale published in Strype's edition of Stow's Survey 1720.

[223] Nicholas Gibbon or Gibbons, the elder (fl. 1600), theological writer; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1592; incorporated at Oxford, 1592; published Questions and Disputations concerning the Holy Scripture 1601.

[224] Nicholas Gibbon , the younger (1606–1697), divine; son of Nicholas Gibbon the elder; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1629; D.D., 1639; rector of Sevenoaks, 1632-60; consulted by Charles I at Carisbrooke, 1647; worked as farm labourer during the Commonwealth; rector of Corfe Castle, 1660-97; published A Summe or Body of Divinity Real (1653), with a key.

[225] Christopher Gibbons (1616–1676), organist; elder son of Orlando Gibbons; educated in Exeter choir; organist of Winchester Cathedral, 1638-61; at Restoration appointed to Chapel Royal, to Westminster Abbey, and court organist: Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1663; contributed toCantica Sacra 1674; collaborated with Lock in music to Shirley's Cupid and Death 1653.

[226] Edward Gibbons (1570?–1653?), organist; brother of Orlando Gibbons; Mus. Bac. Cambridge and Oxford; organist at King's College, Cambridge, 1592-9; afterwards at Bristol Cathedral, and (1611-44) at Exeter Cathedral; his manuscript compositions preserved in Music School, Oxford.

[227] Ellis Gibbons (. 1600), musical composer; brother of Edward Gibbons; probably organist at Salisbury; composed madrigal? in Triumphs of Oriana 1603.

[228] Grinling Gibbons (1648–1720), wood-carver and statuary; born at Rotterdam; discovered by John Evelyn in 1671 working at Deptford at his carving of Tintoretto's Crucifixion which was shown to Wren and Pepys, and afterwards to the royal family; employed by Wren to carve stalls in St. Paul's and new London churches; employed in library of Trinity College, Cambridge, and by the king at Windsor, Whitehall, and Kensington; carved the throne in Canterbury Cathedral; executed statues of Charles II at the Royal Exchange and Chelsea, and of James II at Whitehall; buried in St. Paul's, Covent Garden; his portrait painted by Kneller.

[229] John Gibbons (1544–1589), Jesuit; doctor of philosophy and divinity at German College, Rome, 1576; rector of Jesuit college, Treves; died at Himmelrode; his Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicae in Anglia, adversus Calvino-Papistas et Puritanos (1583), enlarged by John Bridgewater.

[230] Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625), musical composer; entered choir of King's College, Cambridge, 1696. for which he composed music; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1606; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1622; organist of Chapel Royal, 1604; composed music for the reception of Queen Henrietta Maria at Canterbury; buried in Canterbury Cathedral; contributed the remarkable fantasia The Lord of Salisbury his Pavin to Byrd and Bull's Parthenia(1611); publishedFirst Set of Madrigals and Mottets(1612), containing The Silver Swan and other masterpieces; composed also settings of George Wither's Hymns and Songs of the Church 1623, and instrumental Fantasies of Three Parts. His sacred compositions, including services in F and D minor,preces and many anthems for special occasions, were edited by Sir F. A. Gore Ouseley, 1873.

[231] Richard Gibbons (1550?–1632), Jesuit; younger brother of John Gibbons; taught mathematics, philosophy, Hebrew, and canon law in several continental countries; died at Douay; edited Harpsfield's Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica 1622, and translated Bellarmine's Christian Doctrine and other works from Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese.

[232] Thomas Gibbons (1720–1785), dissenting minister and author; independent minister of HaberdashersHall, i 1743; tutor of Mile End academy, 1754; D.D. Aberdeen, 1764; M.A. New Jersey, 1760; published Memoirs of Rev. J. Watts, D.D (1780), also hymns and devotional verses.

[233] William Gibbons (1649–1728), physician; of Merchant TaylorsSchool: B. A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1672; M.D., 1683; F.R.C.P., 1692, and censor, 1716; ridiculed by Garth as Mirmillo; benefactor of Wolverhampton; said to have made mahogany fashionable.

[234] Mrs Gibbs . (ft. 1783–1844), actress ; appeared at the Haymarket as Sally in Colman's Man and Wife 1783; married the younger George Colman, in whose plays she acted, 1797-1803. Her other parts included Katherine, Miss Hardcastle, and Mrs. Candour.

[235] Mrs Gibbs . (1804–1854). See Miss Gradon.

[236] James Gibbs (d. 1724), physician and poet; published metrical version of Psalms i.-xv., 1701, and essay on cure of scrofula.

[237] James Gibbs (1682–1754), architect; M.A. Marischal College, Aberdeen; studied under Fontana at Rome; designed St. Mary-le-Strand, St. Peter's, Vere Street, and St. Martin-in-the-Fields, part of the Senate House and of King's College, Cambridge; the monument of Ben Jonsou, Prior, and Newcastle in Westminster Abbey; the quadrangle of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and the Radcliffe Library, Oxford; publishedA Book of Architecture 1728, and Rules for Drawing the several Parts of Architecture 1732, and translated Fonseca's De Rebus Emanuelis 1752.

[238] Joseph Gibbs (1700?-1788), organist of St. Mary-at-Tower, Ipswich; composed Eitfht Solos for a Violin, with ii Thorough Bass for the Harpsichord (1740 ?)".

[239] Philip Gibbs (fl. 1740), dissenting minister and stenographer; joint-pastor at Hackney, 1729; Unitarian, 1737; published An Historical Account of Compendious and Swift Writing 1736, and Essay towards a further Improvement of Short-Hand 1736.

[240] Sir Samuel Gibbs (d. 1816), major-general; ensign, 102nd foot, 1783; commanded the llth in West Indies, 1799, and 59th foot at Cape, 1805-6, and in Travancore, 1808-9; distinguished himself in the Java expedition, 1811; major-general, 1812, In Holland; mortally wounded at New Orleans, 1815; K.O.B., 1815.

[241] Sir Vicary Gibbs (1751–1820), judge ; educated at Eton; contributed to Musa? Etonenses; fellow; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1778; Graven scholar, 1772; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1783; recorder of Bristol, 1794; assisted Erskine in defence of Thomas Hardy and Home Tooke, 1794, and was highly complimented by the attorney-general, Sir John Scott, 1794; M.P., Totnes, and chief-justice of Chester, 1804; solicitor-general, 1805-6; knighted, 1805; M.P., Great Bedwin, 1807; M.P. for Cambridge University, 1807; attorney general, 1807-12; serjeant-at-law and judge of common pleas, 1812; lord chief-baron and privy councillor, 1813; chief- justice of common pleas, 1814-18: calledVinegar Gibbs; his numerous ex-officio informations noticed in parliament, 1811.

[242] Sir Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie (d. 1644), Scottish judge; M.A. Edinburgh, 1588; third clerk of session, 1594: lord of session as Lord Durie, 1621; created baronet of Nova Scotia, 1628; commissioner for reviewing the laws and customs, 1633; member of committee of estates, 1640; twice president of College of Justice; story of his being kidnapped by Traquair subject of Scott's 'Christie's WillLord Durie's Practicks (1690), the earliest collection of Scottish legal decisions.

[243] Sir Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie (d. 1656), Scottish judge; son of Sir Alexander Gibson (d. 1644) ; clerk of session, 1621; opposed ecclesiastical policy of Charles I; commissary-general of forces against Charles 1, 1640; knighted, 1641; lord clerk register, 1641; commissioner of the exchequer, 1645; lord of session as Lord Durie, 1646-9.

[244] Sir Alexander Gibson (d. 1693), principal clerk of session and clerk to Scottish privy council; grandson of Sir Alexander Gibson (d. 1644), whose Practickshe edited; knighted, 1682.

[245] Alexander Gibson (1800–1867), botanist; M.D. Edinburgh; surgeon to East India Company; superintendent of Dapuri botanical gardens, 1838-47; conservator of Bombay forests, 1847-60; F.L.S., 1853; published works, including Forest Reports 1849-55, andBombay Flora

[246] Alexander Craig Gibson (1813–1874), Cumberland antiquary; M.R.O.S., 1846: publishedThe Old Man, or Ravings and Ramblings round Coniston 1849, and The Folk-speech of Cumberland 1869.

[247] David Cooke Gibson (1827–1856), painter; studied in Edinburgh, London, Belgium, and Paris; painted portraits and wrote humorous verse; exhibited Spanish pictures at Royal Academy, 1855-6.

[248] Edmund Gibson (1669–1748), bishop of London; nephew of Thomas Gibson (1647-1722); fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1694; M.A., 1694; chaplain to Archbishop Tenisou and librarian at Lambeth, where he commenced catalogue of library; combated Atterbury's views on convocation; archdeacon of Surrey, 1710; bishop of Lincoln, 1716-20; bishop of London, 1720-48; used his influence with George I against masquerades; waa Walpole's ecclesiastical adviser till his opposition to the Quaker's Relief Bill, 1736; declined primacy, 1747; published numerous works, including an edition of the Saxon Chronicle (1692), a translation of Camden's Britannia (1695), Reliquiae Spelmannianae (1698), Synodus Anglicana(1702), Codex Juris Ecclesise Anglicanae (1713).

[249] Edward Gibson (1668–1701), portrait-painter; nephew of William Gibson (1644-1702); excelled in crayon work,

[250] Francis Gibson (1753–1805), author; collector of customs at Whitby, 1787: publishedSailing Directions for the Baltic 1791, and Streanshall Abbey (play), 1800.

[251] George Stagey Gibson (1818–1883), X botanist ; quaker banker and benefactor of Saffron Walden; F.R.81847; published Flora of Essex 1862; contributed to Phytologist 1842-61, adding six new species to British flora.

[252] James Gibson (1799–1871), Free church polemic ; edited Church of Scotland Magazine 1834-7; incumbent of Kingston, 1839-43: joined Free church, 1843; professor of theology and church history at Glasgow Theological College, 1856; published theological treatises.

[253] Sir James Brown Gibson (1805–1868), physician; M.D. Edinburgh; served in Crimea; director general of army medical department, 1860-7; K.C.B., 1865; died at Rome.

[254] James Young Gibson (1826–1886), translator from the Spanish; studied at Edinburgh and Halle; contributed some poetical renderings to Duffleld's version of 'Don Quixote 1881; translated also Cervantes's Viageal Parnaso 1883, and Numantia 1885.

[255] Sir John Gibson (1637–1717), colonel ; in Dutch service, 1675-88; lieutenant-colonel hi English army, 1689; colonel, 1694; lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth, 1689; M.P., Portsmouth, 1701-2; commander of force sent to capture Newfoundland, 1697; knighted, 1705.

[256] John Gibson (d. 1862), portrait-painter ; exhibited at West of Scotland Academy, where a fatal accident caused his death.

[257] John Gibson (1794–1854), glass-stainer ; sheriff of Newcastle, 1854.

[258] John Gibson (1790–1866), sculptor; of humble parentage: while at Liverpool attracted the attention of William Roscoe; lived at Rome, and received instruction from Canova and Thorwaldsen, 1817; his first commission, the Chatsworth Mars and Cupid followed byPsyche and ZephyrsSleeping Shepherd BoyHylas and the Nymphs 1819-26,Cupid disguised as a Shepherd 1837, and other works: R~A.., 1838; during visit to England (1844) publicly entertained at Glasgow, and received commission for bust of Queen Victoria, his first tinted work; modelled statue of Queen Victoria for Houses of Parliament, 1860-5, which, with his Tinted Venus and Pandora and Cupid (all coloured), were seen at the International Exhibition, 1862; executed three statues of Huskisson, and one of Sir Robert Peel in Westminster Abbey; the last of the purist or abstract school of sculptors; bequeathed his property to the Royal Academy.

[259] John Gibson (1817–1892), architect ; articled to Joseph Aloysius Hansom, and (Sir) Charles Barry ; successful in competition for National Bank of Scotland, Glasgow, 1844, and carried out work; A.R.I.B.A., 1849; F.R.I.B.A., 1853. His works chiefly country houses and banks include the head offices and numerous branches of the National Provincial Bank of England.

[260] Kennet Gibson (1730–1772), antiquary; educated at Eton; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1752; rector of Marham, Northamptonshire; hisComment on part of the Fifth Journey of Autouiuus through Britain printed by NichoLs 1800.

[261] Mathew Gibson (d. 1741?), antiquary ; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1700; rector of Abbey Dore, 1722-41; publishedView of Ancient and Present State of the Churches of Door, Home-Lacy, and Hempsted, 1727 with memoirs of Scudamore family.

[262] Matthew Gibson (1734–1790), Roman catholic prelate; professor at Douay; vicar-general to Bishop Walton, 1776; vicar-apostolic of Northern England, 1780; joined in issuing Protestation oath encyclical, 1789; with Thomas Eyre (1748-1810) published The London, or Little Catechism 1784.

[263] Patrick Gibson (1782?–1829), landscape-painter and writer; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1805-7, and at several Edinburgh galleries; foundation member of Scottish Academy, 1826; professor of painting at Dollar Academy, 1824-9; his Landscape Composition preserved in Scottish National Gallery, and portrait of himself (water-colour) in the Portrait Gallery; published Etchings of Select Views in Edinburgh 1818; contributed to Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia.

[264] Richard Gibson (1615–1690), dwarf and miniature-painter: page to Charles I and Henrietta Maria; executed several portraits of Cromwell and many miniatures; his marriage to Anne Shepherd, also a dwarf, commemorated by Waller; portrait of him and his wife painted by Lely.

[265] Solomon Gibson (d. 1866), sculptor : brother of John Gibson (1790-1866); best known for his small Mercury modelled at sixteen; wrote papers on Welsh literature; died at Paris.

[266] Susan Penelope Gibson (1652–1700), miniaturist; daughter of Richard Gibson

[267] Thomas Gibson (d. 1662), printer, medical practitioner, and author; noted for extraordinary cures; recommended by Latimer to Cromwell, 1537; fled to Geneva in reign of Mary; licensed by Cambridge University to practise physic, 1559; printed in London bis own books, including a New Testament concordance (1535), and several medical and anti-papal works.

[268] Thomas Gibson (1647–1722), physician; M.D. Leyden, 1675; physician-general to the army, 1718-19: published Anatomy of Humane Bodies epitomized 1682.

[269] Thomas Gibson (1680?–1751), portrait-painter ; friend of Vertue; painted portraits of Vertue, Locke, Flamsteed, and Archbishop Wake.

[270] Thomas Milner Gibson - (1806–1884), statesman; at school with Disraeli at Higham Hill, Essex, afterwards at Charterhouse; B.A. and thirty-sixth wrangler, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1830; conservative M.P. for Ipswich, 1837-9; resigned on change of views: active member and speaker of Anti-Cornlaw League: liberal M.P., Manchester, 1841; vice-president of board of trade, 1846-8; privy councillor, 1846; seconded Cobden's vote of censure on Palmerstou's Chinese policy, 1857; M.P. for Ashton-under-Lyne, 1857-68; carried motion to amend law of conspiracy, which caused Palmerstou's resignation, 1858; president of the board of trade in Palmerston's last ministry, 1859-65, and under Lord Russell, 1866-6; active promoter of the commercial treaty with France, and the abolition of the newspaper stamp, advertisement, and paper duties; received a pension of 2,OOOZ. on retirement; died on his yacht off Algiers,

[271] William Gibson (fl. 1540), lord of session; graduated at Glasgow, 1507: dean of Restalrig; lord of session, 1532; employed on embassies to the pope, who bestowed on him armorial bearings; suffragan to Cardinal Beaton and Custos Ecclesiae Scoticae 1540.

[272] William Gibson (1629–1684), quaker; served at one time in parliamentarian army; frequently imprisoned for preaching and refusing oaths, 1664-61; his goods distrained for non-payment of tithe, 1676-7; published theological treatises.

[273] William Gibson (1644–1702), miniature-painter; nephew of Richard Gibson: pupil and copyist of Lely.

[274] William Gibson (1720–1791), mathematician; while working as a farmer taught himself reading, writing, geometry, algebra, and trigonometry, and acquired a knowledge of higher mathematics; land-surveyor.

[275] William Gibson (1738–1821), Roman catholic prelate; brother of Matthew Gibson (1734-1790); president of Douay College, 1781-90: vicar-apostolic of northern England, 1790; founded Ushaw College.

[276] William Gibson (1808–1867), presbyterian divine; established Banner of Ulster 1842; moderator of general assembly, 1859; author of The Year of Grace, a History of the Ulster Revival of 1859

[277] William Sidney Gibson (1814–1871), author; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1843; registrar of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne district court of bankruptcy, 1843-69; published works, including History of Tynemouth Monastery 1846-1847, Descriptive and Historical Notices of Northumbrian Antiquities 1848-64, Memoir of Northumberland 1860, and Memoir of Lord Lyndhurst 1866.

[278] Davies Giddy (1767–1839).

[279] Sampson Gideon (1699–1762), Jewish financier : of Portuguese extraction: consulted by Walpole and Pelham; raised 1,700,000;. for government, 1745; advised and executed consolidation of National Debt, 1749; paid bounties for recruiting, 1756, and raised several government loans during seven yearswar; his son created a baronet and Baron Eardley in peerage of Ireland. See EARDLEY, SIR CULLING EARDLEY.

[280] Sir Ambrose Hardinge Giffard (1771–1827), chief-justice of Ceylon, 1819-27; barrister, Inner Temple.

[281] Bonaventure Giffard (1642–1734), Roman catholic bishop; D.D. from the Sorbonne, 1677; chaplain to James II; first vicar-apostolic of midland district, 1688; bishop of Madaura, in partibus, 1688; made by James II president of Magdalen College, Oxford; installed by proxy, 31 March 1688; ejected, on the restoration of his predecessor, John Hough, 26 Oct. 1688; imprisoned in Newgate at the Revolution; transferred to London district on liberation; had also western district, 1708-13; in constant danger; bequeathed his heart to Douay College.

[282] Sir George Markham Giffard (1813–1870), lord justice of appeal; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1832; B.C.L., 1841; barrister, Inner Temple, 1840; leading chancery junior; Q.O., 1859; lord justice of appeal, 1868-70; privy councillor, 1868.

[283] Godfrey Giffard (1235?-1302), chancellor of England and bishop of Worcester; younger brother Oi Walter Giffard; archdeacon of Barustnple, 1265, and York, 1267, though a deacon; chancellor of England, 1266-70; bishop of Worcester, 1268-1302; treated with ! Llewelyn, 1272; went to meet Edward I on his return from the Holy Land, 1273; justice itinerant, 1278; negotiated with the Scots, 1289; involved in constant disputes with chapter of Worcester; a benefactor of the cathedral.

[284] Henry Wells Giffard (1810–1854), navy captain; present as midshipman at Navarino, 1827; present at capture of Ohusan and Canton, 1839, and reduction of Amoy and Ghingbae, 1841; mortally wounded and captured in the Tiger at Odessa.

[285] John Giffard , Baron Giffard of Bromsfield (1232-1299), fought for de Montfort in the west; captured Warwick Castle, 1264; taken at Lewes, but rescued, 1264; attached himself to Gilbert de Clare and fought for the royalists at Evesham, 1265; served Edward I in Wales, Gascony, and Scotland; summoned by writ to parliament of 1295; member of council of regency, 1297; founded Gloucester Hall (now Worcester College), Oxford, 1283.

[286] Roger Giffard (d. 1697), president of the College of Physicians; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and of All Souls; M.A., 1560; M.D., 1566; physician to Queen Elizabeth; president, College of Physicians, 1681-4.

[287] Stanley Lees Giffard (1788–1868), first editor of theStandard brother of Sir Ambrose Hardiuge Giffard; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1811: barrister, Middle Temple, 1811; LL.D.: editor of theStandard from 1827; editor of St. James's Chronicle; contributed to theQuarterly and Blackwood

[288] Walter Giffard (d. 1279), archbishop of York ; consecrated at Paris bishop of Bath and Wells, 1265; excommunicated Leicester and his followers; chancellor after Evesham, 1266-6; one of the arbitrators of the award of Kenilworth, 1266; archbishop of York, 12661279; tutor to Prince Edward's sons; one of the three regents, 1272-4, and 1275.

[289] William Giffard (d. 1129), bishop of Winchester ; dean of Rouen and chancellor to William II; nominated to see of Winchester by Henry I on his accession, 1100; inducted by Anselm; refusing to receive consecration from Gerard or Girard, the newly appointed archbishop of York, was banished by the king; maintained intinmurelations ith Ansel in, whom he accompanied to Kimn. 1103; consecrated, after settlement of the invcstitun- di~ pute, 1107; as deputy for the primate married Henry 1 and Queeu Adela, 1121; his disputes with the monks of Winchester ended by royal intervention, 1124; founded at Waverley, Surrey, 1128, the first English Cistercian house; benefactor of St. Mary Overies, South wark; built London residence for bishops of Winchester in Southwark.

[290] Countess of Gifford (1807–1867). See Helen Selina Sheridan.

[291] Adam Gifford, Lord Gifford (1820–1887), lord of session; called to Scottish bar, 1849; advocate-depute, 1861; sheriff of Orkney and Zetland, 1865; lord of session as Lord Gifford, 1870-81; founded Gifford lectureships in natural theology.

[292] Andrew Gifford (1700–1784), baptist minister and numismatist; D.D. Aberdeen, 1754; chaplain to Sir Richard Ellys and Lady Ellys, 1731-45; ministerat Eagle Street, London, 1730-84; assistant-librarian at British Museum, 1757-84; his collection of coins purchased by George II; left valuable books, manuscripts, pictures, and curios to baptist academy, Bristol; edited Folkes's Tables of English Silver and Gold Coins 1763.

[293] George Gifford (d. 1620), divine; student at Hart Hall, Oxford, before 1568; incumbent of All Saints with St. Peter's, Maldon, 1582; deposed for nonconformity, 1584; carried on controversy with the Brownists, Henry Barrow, and John Greenwood; published theological works his Dialogue concerning Witches and Witchcrafts (1593) reprinted by Percy Society.

[294] George Gifford (fl. 1635), engraver; chiefly known for the portrait of Latimer prefixed to the 1635 edition of Latimer's sermons.

[295] Gilbert Gifford or Giffard (1561?–1590), Roman catholic spy; of the Cbillington family; while at the English College, Rome, entered English secret service, 1583; visited Mary Queen of Scots at Chartley, 1584, and was entrusted with her secret correspondence with the French embassy: treacherously copied letters, sending originals to Walsingham; intimate with Anthony Babington, whose designs he encouraged and communicated to Walsingham; carried letters from Mary to Babington approving the conspiracy; accused by Romanists of concocting the whole plot; died in pri.-on at Paris.

[296] Humphrey Gifford (fl. 1580), poet; author of A Posie of Gilloflowers 1580.

[297] James Gifford , the elder (1740?-1813), unitarian writer; educated at Rugby; served in the 14th foot during American war; published theological works, including Elucidation of the Uuity of God 1783.

[298] James Gifford , the younger (1768–1853), rearadmiral; son of James Gifford the elder; born at Halifax, Nova Scotia; lieutenant in the navy, 1793; rear-admiral, 1846; published Remonstrance of a Unitarian... to Bishop of St. David's 1818.

[299] John Gifford (fl. 1636–1642), D.D. Christ Church, Oxford, rector of St. Michael Bassishaw, 1636-1642; expelled as a royalist, 1642.

[300] John Gifford (1758–1818), author; of Westminster and St. John's College, Oxford; abandoned bis paternal name of Green, and assumed that of Gifford to deceive his creditors, c. 1781; London police magistrate; edited, in imitation of the Anti-Jacobin of William Gifford (1766-1826), tneAnti-Jacobin Review and Magazine published 1798-1821: also published History of France 1791-4 andPolitical Life of Pitt 1809.

[301] Richard Gifford (1725–1807), author : B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1748: vicar of Duffield, 1759: rector of North Okendon, 1772; his Contemplation, a Poem 1753, quoted in Johnson's Dictionary; published an answer to Priestley's dissertation on matter and ii

[302] Robert Gifford, first Baron Gifford (1779 18W), judge; special pleader: barrister, Middle Temple, 1808; recorder of Bristol, 1812; solicitor-general, 1817; attorney-general, 1819; prosecuted Oato Street conspirators, 1820; M.P., Eye, 1817-1824; addreteed House of Lords against Queen Caroline, 1820; serjeantat-law, 1824: chief-justice of common pleas, privy councillor, and created peer, 1824; master of the roll* and deputy-speaker of House of Lords.

[303] William Gifford (1654–1629), archbishop of Rheims; studied at Lincoln College, Oxford; studied at Louvain under Bellarmine and at the Sorbonne and English colleges at Rheims and Rome; M.A. Louvain; almoner and chaplain to Cardinal Allen at Rome, 1587; dean of Lille, 1596; rector of Rheims University, 1608, where he became a Benedictine; famed as a preacher at Paris and throughout France; first president of English Benedictines, 1617; coadjutor of cardinal of Guise, 1618, at Rheims; archbishop of Rheims, 1622; edited Dr. W. Reynolds's Catvino-Turcismus,* 1597, and wrote several works in the interests of the Due de Guise.

[304] William Gifford (1756–1826), first editor of the Quarterly Review; son of a glazier at Ashburton; shoemaker's apprentice; sent by a surgeon named William Cookesley to Exeter College, Oxford; B.A., 1782; afterwards patronised by Lord Grosvenor; became known by bis satires, the Baviad (1794) and Mviad (1795), against the Delia Cruscans and small dramatists; editor of and writer inAnti-Jacobin(1797-8): published Epistle to Peter Pindar 1800, attacking Wolcot, who assaulted him at a bookshop in mistake for his namesake, John Gifford, of the Anti-Jacobin Review; editor of the Quarterly Review 1809-24; probably wrote the Quarterly's attack on Keats's Endymion 1818; inspected Byron's works before publication: founded exhibitions at Exeter College, Oxford; edited Juvenal, with autobiography, 1802, and translated Persiua, 1821; edited the dramatic works of Massinger, 1805 and 1813, of Ben Jonsou, 1816, and of Ford, 1827.

[305] Giovanni Gigli (d. 1498), bishop-elect of Worcester; came to England as collector for Pope Sixtus IV; commissioner for sale of indulgences, 1489; rewarded for his services for Henry VII at Rome by see of Worcester, 1497, but died at Rome before enthronement; wrote epitbalamium on marriage of Henry VIL

[306] Silvestro Gigli (1463–1521), bishop of Worcester; nephew of Giovanni Gigli; bishop of Worcester, 1499; resident ambassador of Henry VII at Rome; envoy of Pope Julius II to England, 1504; stayed at court as master of ceremonies; envoy to the Lateran council, 1512; confidential agent for Wolsey at Rome; correspondent of Erasmus.

[307] James William Gilbart (1794–1863), writer on banking; banker in London, Birmingham, and Ireland; manager of the London and Westminster Bank, 1833-59; F.R.S. and member of Statistical Society; chief works, Practical Treatise on Banking 1827, and History and Principles of Banking 1834.

[308] Gilbert the Universal (d. 1134?), bishop of London; magister at Auxerre, c. 1120; bishop of London, 1127 or 1128; took part in council of London, 1129, which condemned marriage of priests; his infinite wealth confiscated by Henry I; accused by the chronicler, Henry of Huntingdon, of avarice, but highly commended by St. Bernard; benefactor of sees of London and Auxerre; owed his title Universal to bis encyclopaedic learning; his only extant work, a treatise on Lamentations; many of bis works confused with those of Gilbert of Auxerre and Gilbert Foliot.

[309] Gilbert of Louth (d. 1153?), abbot of Basingwerk, Flintshire; sent from Louth by Gervase, e. 1140, to obtain grant for an Irish monastery; the Purgatorium Sancti Patricii wrongly ascribed to him.

[310] Gilbert the Great or the Theologian (d. 1167?), eighth abbot of Cîteaux; an Englishman; abbot of Cistercians at Ourcamp, 1143, at Cîteaux, 1163; supported Geoffrey of Clairvaux against the pope and king of France; author ofCommentaries on the Psalms and other works.

[311] Gilbert of Hoyland (rf. 1172), theological writer : an English Cistercian, often confused with Gilbert the Great; disciple of St. Bernard of clairvaux; abbot of Swineshead, Lincolnshire, 1 163; said to have died at Rivour, near Trpyes; his sermons and Tractatus Ascetici printed in Migue's Patrologia and Mabillon's works of St. Bernard.

[312] Gilbert of Semprinqham (1083?–1189), founder of the Gilbertine order, the head of the thirteen houses being at Sempringham, Lincolnshire, c. 1135; met Pope Eugenius III at Giteaux; received abbot's staves from St. Bernard and St. Malachy; supported Becket against Henry II; held in great regard by Henry II and Queen Eleanor, who protected him against the enemies made by the rapacity of his servants; lived to be over a hundred, but retired from his abbacy long before death; canonised by Innocent III, 1202.

[313] Gilbert of Moray (d. 1245), bishop of Caithness, 1223; archdeacon of Moray, 1203; built Doruoch Cathedral; last Scotsman enrolled in calendar of sainte.

[314] Gilbert the Englishman (fl. 1250), medical writer; studied and practised abroad, and is said to have been chancellor of Moutpellier; his Compendium Medicinae or Laurea Anglicana largely a compilation from Greek and Arab writers, first printed at Lyons, 1510.

[315] Gilbert of St Lifard (d. 1305), bishop of Chichester; a foreigner, probably named from church of St. Lifard (Leofard), near Meung-sur- Loire; practised as ecclesiastical lawyer chiefly in the north of England; treasurer of Ohichester, 1282; employed by Archbishop Peckham on commission to define rights of metropolitical jurisdiction, 1282, and in disputes with monks; bishop of Chichester, 1288-1305; his constitutions of reform (1289) re-enacted by Archbishop William of Greenfield; rebuilt east end of his cathedral.

[316] Mrs Ann Gilbert (1782–1866), writer of children's poetry; better known under her maiden name, Ann Taylor; with her sister Jane wrote Original Poems for Infant Minds 1804-5, Rhymes for the Nursery 1806, and Hymns 1810; married Joseph Gilbert, 1813; afterwards published Seven Blessings for Little Children 1844; contributed to Leifchild's Original Hymns and compiled memoir of her husband, 1853; her Autobiography issued, 1874.

[317] Ashurst Turner Gilbert (1786–1870), bishop of Chichester; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford; M.A., 1811; D.D., 1822; principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1822-42; vice-chancellor, 1836-40: bishop of Ohichester, 1842-70; interdicted the Rev. John Purchas, 1868; published sermons and charges.

[318] Charles Sandoe Gilbert (1760–1831), historian of Cornwall; itinerant vendor of medicines in Devon and Cornwall; published two volumes (1817 and 1820) of Historical Survey of Com wall

[319] Claudius Gilbert , the elder (d. 1696?), ecclesiastic; minister under Commonwealth of the precinct of Limerick; active against the quakers; settled at Belfast after the Restoration; published The Libertine School'd, or a Vindication of the MagistratesPower in Religious Matters 1657, and other works.

[320] Claudius Gilbert , the younger (1670–1743), ecclesiastic; son of Claudius Gilbert the elder; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1693; D.D. and LL.D., 1706; vice-provost, 1716; rector of Ardstraw, 1736; bequeathed many books to Trinity College, Dublin.

[321] Davies Gilbert (formerly Giddy) (1767–1839), president of the Royal Society; assumed wife's name of Gilbert, 1817; educated at Penzance and Pembroke College, Oxford: M.A., 1789; D.C.L., 1832; high sheriff of Cornwall, 1792-3; M.P., Helston, 1804, Bodmin, 1806-32; promoted cause of science and art in parliament; acquired large property in Sussex by marriage, 1808: published 'Plain Statement of the Bullion Question 1811; F.S.A., 1820; early encouraged Sir Humphry Davy; treasurer of Royal Society, 1820, president, 1827-30; nominated writers of Bridgewater treatises, and (1830) selected Brunei's design for Clifton bridge; published Parochial History of Cornwall 1838; editedCollection of Christmas Carolsand two Cornish mystery plays,

[322] Elizabeth Margaretta Maria Gilbert (1826-1885), philanthropist; second daughter of Ashurst Turner Gilbert; rendered blind as a child by scarlet fever; with William Hanks Levy foundedAssociation for Promoting the General Welfare of the Blind; assisted Levy in writing Blindness and the Blind 1872.

[323] Sir Geoffrey Gilbert or Jeffray (1674-1726), judge; barrister. Inner Temple, 1698; chief baron of Irish exchequer, 1716-22; resisted claim to jurisdiction of the Irish parliament in case of Annesley v. Sherlock, 1718; English judge of exchequer, 1722; knighted, 1725; a commissioner of great seal, 1725; his Law of Uses and Trusts(1734), edited by Sugden, 1811, and 'Treatise of Tenures' (1754), by Watkins and Vidal, 1824; his History and Practice of Civil Actions in the Court of Common Pleas(1737), praised by Blackstone.

[324] George Gilbert (1559?–1583), founder (with Thomas Pound of Belmont) of the Catholic Association 1579; became a Jesuit; died at Rome.

[325] Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1539?–1683), navigator; step-brother of Ralegh; educated at Eton and Oxford; served under Sir Henry Sidney in Ireland; given charge of Munster, 1569; knighted, 1570; M.P., Plymouth, 1571; rebuked in parliament by Peter Weutworth ; unsuccessful against the Spaniards in Zeeland, 1672; composed in retirement hisDiscourse of a Discoueryfora New Passage to Cataia(ed. G. Gascoigne, 1676); obtained charter for discovery and plantation, 1578; failed in his first voyage, 1579; served under Perrot against the Spanish ships off Munster, 1579; left Plymouth with five ships to colonise Newfoundland, 1583; landed at harbour of St. John (5 Aug. 1583) and there founded the first British colony hi North America; after a voyage of discovery along the south coast sailed for England (1 Sept.), but was lost in a storm off the Southern Azores; his scheme for the erection in London of an Achademy to educate royal wards and others printed by Dr. Furnivall, 1869.

[326] John Gilbert (fl. 1680), theological writer ; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1680; published Answer to the Bishop of Condom (now of Meaux), his Exposition of the Catholic Faith 1686.

[327] John Gilbert (1693–1761), archbishop of York ; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1718; M.A. Merton College, 1718; prebendary (1723), sub-dean 1724-6) and dean(1726) of Exeter; LL.D. Lambeth, 1724; bishop of Llandaff, 1740-9, of Salisbury, 1749; clerk of the closet, 1750; archbishop of York, 1757-61; began the practice of laying hands on each candidate at confirmation.

[328] Sir John Gilbert (1817–1897), historical painter and draughtsman on wood; entered estate agentsoffice in city of London, 1833; exhibited two drawings of historical subjects at Suffolk Street, 1836, and two oil-paintings at British Institution, 1837; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1838-51, and from 1867; worked at book illustration, illustrating most of the English poets and other works, including Howard Stauuton's edition of Shakespeare, 1856-60; joined staff of Illustrated London News 1842, as draughtsman on wood, and contributed drawings regularly to London Journal from 1845; president of Old Water-colour Society, 1871-97; knighted, 1872; R.A., 1876; made presents of collections of his pictures to municipal galleries of London, Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester, 1893.

[329] John Graham Gilbert - (1794–1866). See Graham-Gilbert.

[330] Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1829–1898), Irish historian and antiquary; joint honorary secretary to Irish Celtic and Archaeological Society, 1855; secretary of Public Record Office, Dublin, 1867-75; vice-president of Royal Irish Academy; LL.D. Royal University, 1892: knighted, 1897. -His works include Historical Essays on Ireland 1861, History of the City of Dublin 1854-0, 'History of the Viceroys of Ireland 1865, and Contemporary History of Affairs in Ireland, 1641-1662 1879-1880.

[331] Joseph Gilbert (1779 1862), congregational divine; classical tutor at Rothcrham College: minister at Sheffield and Nottingham, 1828-51; published life of Dr. Edward Williams (1760-1813), 1825, a defence of Williams's hypothesis of origin of evil, 1808, and a work on the atonement, 1836.

[332] Joseph Francis Gilbert (1792–1865), painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy after 1813.

[333] Marie Dolores Eli Rosanna Gilbert (1818-1861), adventuress; known by her stage name Lola Montez; daughter of military officer; married Captain Thomas James, 1837; divorced, 1842; appeared at Her Majesty's Theatre, London, as a dancer, 1843, pretending to be a native of Spain; highly successful at Dresden, Berlin, Warsaw, St. Petersburg, and Paris; became mistress of Ludwig I of Bavaria, who created her Baronne de Rosenthai and Comtesse de Lansfeld, 1847; exercised full control over government of Bavaria, 1847-8; banished, owing to Austrian and Jesuit influence, 1848; married in England George Trafford Heald, 1849; fled with him to Spain to avoid bigamy proceedings; appeared at New York and Philadelphia, 1852, in Ware'sLola Montez in Bavaria married P. P. Hull of the San Francisco Whig in California, 1853; played at Sydney and Melbourne, 1855; horsewhipped the editor of the Ballarat Times 1856: played and lectured at New York, 1857-8, and published The Art of Beauty; devoted herself to helping fallen women; died at Asteria, New York.

[334] Nicolas Alain Gilbert (1762–1821), Roman catholic divine; born at St. Malo; established mission at Whitby; published theological works.

[335] Richard Gilbert (1794–1852), printer and compiler, of St. John's Square, Clerkenwell.

[336] Samuel Gilbert (d. 1692?), floriculturist; sonin-law of John Rea; rector of Quatt, Shropshire; publishedFlorist's Vade-mecum and Gardener's Almanack 1683.

[337] Thomas Gilbert (1610–1673), ejected minister ; rector of Cheadle; when ejected from vicarage of Baling emigrated to New England; pastor of Topsfield, Massachusetts; buried at Charlestown.

[338] Thomas Gilbert (1613–1694), ejected minister ; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1638; vicar of Upper Winchendon, and c. 1644, St. Lawrence, Reading; rector of Edgmond; took the covenant; nicknamed bishop of Shropshire; lost Edgmond at Restoration; ejected from Winchendon, 1662: preached in family of Lord Wharton; wrote Latin and English poems.

[339] Thomas Gilbert (1720–1798), poor-law reformer : barrister, Inner Temple, 1744; treasurer, 1789; advised Bridgewater to engage James Brindley, whose canals he promoted; M.P., Newcastle-under-Lyme, 1763-8, Lichfield, 1768-95; carried two poor-law measures, 1782; his poor-law bill of 1787 criticised by Sir Henry Bate Dudley; chairman of committees, 1784; carried measures for reform of houses of correction and improvement of highways, and an act for facilitating clerical residence by loans from Queen Anne's Bounty Gilbert's Act; his propositions for helping friendly societies by parochial grants embodied in act of 1793; editedCollection of Pamphlets concerning the Poor 1787.

[340] Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert (1785–1853), lieutenant-general; lieutenant, 15th Bengal native infantry, 1803; served under Macdonald at AllyGhur, Delhi, Agra, Laswarrie, and siege of Bhurtpore; colonel, 1832; lieutenant-general, 1851; commanded division in Sikh wars; captured remnant of enemy's force after Goojerat, 1849; G.C.B. and member of council of India, 1850; created baronet, 1851.

[341] William Gilbert (1540–1603), physician to Queen Elizabeth and James I; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1561; M.A., 1564; M.D., 1569; president of College of Physicians, 1600; declared the earth to be a magnet in his De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus (1600), the first great scientific book published in England.

[342] William Gilbert (1760?–1825?), poet; born in Antigua; educated for the bar: in asylum at Bristol, 1787-8; friend of Coleridge and Southey; published The Hurricane: a Theosophical and Western Eclogue 1796.

[343] William Gilbert (1804–1890), author; midshipman in East India Company's service, 1818-21; studied at Guy's Hospital, 1825; for short period assistant surgeon in navy; published novels, many of which dealt with the contrast between the lots of rich and poor; some of his works illustrated by his son, Mr. William Schwenck Gilbert.

[344] Samuel Gilburne or Gilborne (fl. 1605), actor; mentioned as one of Shakespeare's fellow-actors in the Shakespeare First Folio, 1623.

[345] Anthony Gilby (d. 1585), puritan divine; M.A., Christ's College, Cambridge, 1535; entertained Foxe at Frankfort; a pastor of the English congregation at Geneva, 1565: assisted in Geneva translation of the bible; presented by Huntingdon to living of Ashby-de-la-Zouch before 1564; his prosecution for nonconformity ordered by Parker, 1571; translated commentaries of Calvin and Beza, and published commentaries on Micah and Malachl and controversial works.

[346] Goddard Gilby (fl. 1561), translator; son of Anthony Gilby; translated Cicero's Epistle to Quintus 1561, and Calvin's Admonition against Judicial Astrology

[347] William Hall Gilby (d. 1821?) geologist: M.D. Edinburgh, 1815; president of Royal Society of Medicine; contributed geological papers to Edinburgh Philosophical Journal

[348] Alexander Gilchrist (1828–1861), biographer; his Life of Etty published, 1855, and that of Blake, 1863.

[349] Anne Gilchrist (1828–1885), author; wife of Alexander Gilchrist; finished Alexander Gilchrist's Life of Blake prefixing a memoir of the author; published Life of Mary Lamb 1883, essays on Walt Whitman's poetry, and a translation of Hugo's Legende des Siecles 1884.

[350] Ebenezer Gilchrist (1707–1774), physician; graduated at Rheims; practised at Dumfries; published Use of Sea Voyages in Medicine 1756, and Essays, Physical and Literary 1770.

[351] James Gilchrist (rf. 1777), naval captain : was serving on the Namur when lost, 1749; in command of the Experiment captured sixteen French ships, 1755; fought off Minorca, 1756; captured the Emerande and two privateers, 1757; severely wounded in taking the Danae, 1759.

[352] John Borthwick Gilchrist (1759–1841), orientalist; educated at Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1804; surgeon under East India Company at Calcutta, 1794; acquired knowledge of Hindustani, Sanscrit, and Persian; as principal of Fort William College, 1800-4, superintended the production by vernacular scholars of Urdu and Hindi text-books for Europeans; retired from service, 1809; professor of Hindustani at Oriental Institution, Leicester Square, 1818-26; publishedHindustani Dictionary 1787-90,Hindustani Grammar 1796,Dialogues, English and Hindustani 1804, and British Indian Monitor 1806-8, also Persian text-books.

[353] Octavius Graham Gilchrist (1779–1823), antiquary: F.S.A., 1803; edited poems of Richard Corbet , 1807; published (1808) Examination of the Charges maintained by Malone, Chalmers, and others of Ben Jonson's Enmity towards Shakespeare; had controversies with Stephen Jones, editor of Biographia Dramatica and with William Lisle Bowles.

[354] Gildas (516?–570?) British historian: went to Brittany, e. 650, and is said to have founded monastery of Ruys, near Vannes; a popular Breton saint: called by Alcuin the wisest of the Bretons: his De Excidib Britanniafirst printed by Polydore Vergil, 1525, the first English version being that of Habington, 1638.

[355] Gildas minor or Nennius (fl. 796). See Nennius

[356] John Gilderdale (d. 1864), divine; M.A. St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1830: B.D., 1853; incumbent of Walthamstow and principal of Forest School: published Essay on Natural Religion and Revelation 1837.

[357] Charles Gildon (1665–1724), author; advocated deism in an edition of the works of Charles Blount (16641693); defended orthodoxy inDeist's Manual 1705: attacked Pope as Sawney Dapper and was included by him in The Dunciad; published Life and Adventures of Defoe five plays, and an edition, with continuation, of Langbaine's Dramatic Poets 1699.

[358] Francis Giles (1787–1847), civil engineer : engaged in surveying under Renuie; constructed works on South- Western railway and Newcastle and Carlisle railway; constructed the Warwick bridge, Cumberland; long opposed as expert railway enterprises of George Stephenson.

[359] James Giles (1801–1870), landscape-painter ; at thirteen maintained mother and sister by painting; R.S.A., 1829; his best works angling pictures

[360] John Allen Giles (1808–1884), editor and translator; educated at Charterhouse; M.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford, 1831; fellow, 1832; double first and Vinerian scholar; D.O.L., 1838; head-master of the City of London School, 1836-40; obliged by Bishop Wilberforce to suppress his Christian Records 1854; imprisoned for making a false entry in Bampton marriage register to shield one of his servants, 1855; vicar of Sutton, 1867-84; published Patres Ecclesise Anglican (1837-43), edited works for Oaxton Society (1845-54); translated for Bohn Matthew Paris, Baeda's Ecclesiastical History and theSaxon Chronicle published also life of Becket, 1845, and of King Alfred, 1848, and histories of Bampton and Witney.

[361] Nathaniel Giles (d. 1634), musical composer ; organist of St. George's, Windsor, 1595: master of the children of the Chapel Royal, 1597; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1622; published Lesson of Descant of thirtie-eighte Proportions on the plain-song.Miserere his service in C and anthem, give thanks printed in Barnard's collection.

[362] George Gilfillan (1813–1878), author; son of Samuel Gilfillan; friend of Thomas Aird,; De Quincey, and Oarlyle; educated at Glasgow College; j united presbyterian minister of the School- Wynd Church, Dundee, 1836-78; twice accused of heresy; helped Sydney Dobell and Alexander Smith; published works, including Hades a sermon, 1843, Gallery of Literary Portraits," Alpha and Omega 1850, Bards of the BibleHistory of a Man 1856, editions of poets with lives, 1853-60; the Gilfillan Testimonial Trust formed for founding scholarships from a subscription raised in his honour, 1877-8.

[363] James Gilfillan (1797–1874), Scottish divine ; brother of George Gilfillan; ordained in Stirling secession congregation, 1822; LL.D. Glasgow, 1866; published "The Sabbath, viewed in the Light of Reason, Revelation, and History 1861.

[364] Robert Gilfillan (1798–1850), poet ; his Peter raw ' praised in ' Noctes Ambrosianae ' ; published, 1831,Original Songs (set by Peter M'Leod).

[365] Samuel Gilfillan (1762–1826), secession minister of Oomrie, Strathearn, Perthshire; educated at Glasgow; his wife, Rachel Barlas, known as the star of the north; published Discourses on the Dignity, Grace, and Operations of the Holy Spirit 1826.

[366] Alexander Gill , the elder (1565–1635), highmaster of St. Paul's School: M.A. Corpus Cbristi College, Oxford, 1589; high-master of St. Paul's School, 1608-35, Milton being one of his pupils; published Logonomia Anglica 1619.

[367] Alexander Gill, the younger (1597–1642), highmaster of St. Paul's, 1635-9; son of Alexander Gill the elder; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1619: D.D. Trinity College, Oxford, 1637; his Latin verses praised by Milton; sentenced to imprisonment, fine, and loss of his ears for speaking disrespectfully of Charles I and drinking a health to Buckingham's assassin, 1628; pardoned, 1630 dismissed for severity from St. Paul's; attacked Ben Jonson's Magnetick Lady.

[368] John Gill (1697–1771), baptist minister : Wednesday-evening lecturer in Great Eastcheap, 1729-56; D.D. Aberdeen, 1748: published works, including Exposition of the Holy Scriptures 1746-8, 1766, andDissertation on the Antiquity of the Hebrew Language 1767.

[369] William John Gill ('843–1882), captain of royal engineers; served in India, 1869-71; travelled with Valentine Baker in Persia, 1873, making a valuable survey; with E. Colborue Baker in Szechuen, China, and with Mr. Mesuy in Eastern Thibet, making a large map and valuable observations, for which the Geographical Society's gold medal was awarded; assistant commissioner for delimiting Asiatic boundary of Russia and Turkey, 1879; travelled in country between Tunis and Egypt, 1881; with Professor Palmer and Lieutenant Charrington murdered by Bedouins in the desert when on his way as intelligence pfllcer to cut the telegraph wire from Cairo to Constantinople to prevent its use by Arabi Pasha.

[370] Robert Glllan (1800–1879), Scottish divine; studied at Edinburgh High School and University; minister of St. John's, Glasgow, 1847-61, and of Incbinnan, Renfrewshire, 1861-79; D.D. Glasgow, 1853; moderator of the general assembly, 1873; lectured on pastoral theology at four Scottish universities.

[371] Gllle or Gillebert (fl. 1105–1145), bishop of Limerick; termed by Keating Giolla Easbog; friend and correspondent of Anselm, who induced him to attempt the introduction into Ireland of the Roman liturgy; presided over the synod of Rathbreasail as papal legate, about 1111.

[372] George Glllespie (1613–1648). Scottish divine; Milton's Galasp M.A. St. Andrews, 1629; issued anonymously Dispute against the English Popish Ceremonies obtruded Upon the Church of Scotland 1637; presented to Wemyss, Fifeshire, 1638, and ordained nonepiscopally; preached before Charles I at Holyrood, 1641; pensioned, 1641; translated to Greyfriars, Edinburgh, 1642; the youngest member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643, where he opposed Selden's views on church government; introduced the directory to Edinburgh assembly, 1645; presented confession of faith to general assembly, 1647: moderator, 1648; elected to the high church of Edinburgh, 1648; his tombstone at Kirkcaldy broken by the hangman by order of the committee of estates, 1661; published theological works.

[373] James Gillespie (1726–1797), founder of hospital at Edinburgh; owned a snuff-mill at Oolinton; witn his younger brother carried on business in High Street, Edinburgh; left bequests for foundation of a hospital for old people and a school.

[374] Patrick Gillespie (1617–1675), principal of Glasgow University; brother of George GiUespie; graduated at St. Andrews, 1635; minister at Kirkcaldy, 1642, of the High Church, Glasgow, 1648; opposed the engagement to rescue Charles I; after Dunbar, raised the Westland Force and drew up its Remonstrance condemning the treaty with Charles II, and making grave charges against the Scottish authorities, 1650; deposed from ministry for protesting against legality of the resolutions making terms wUh malignant* 1651: leader of the protesters 1651; made principal of Glasgow University by Cromwell, 1652; granted Gillespie's Charter 1663, empowering protesters to remodel the church in their own interest; again visited London; became intimate with Lambert and Fleetwood; obtained revenues for his university from church property; deprived and (1661) imprisoned.

[375] Sir Robert Rollo Gillespie (1766–1814), major-general; as adjutant-general in San Domingo, 1796, was attacked by eight assassins and killed six; left Jamaica in command of bis regiment, 1801; rescued the 69th at Vellore, 1806; commanded cavalry against Runjeet Singh, 1809; as brigadier headed advance of Aucbmuty's Java expedition, directing attack on Cornells, 1811; deposed sultan of Palembang, Sumatra, 1812; defended Javanese confederacy at Yodhyakarta; major-general, 1812; killed in attack on Kalunga. Nepaul; buried at Meerut; named K.C.B., 1815.

[376] Thomas Gillespie (1708–1774), founder of the relief church: studied at Edinburgh University; minister of Carnock, near Dunfermliue, 1741; deposed by general assembly for refusing to ordain Andrew Richardson, 1762; for six and a half years stood alone preaching on the highway and at Dunfermline; joined by Thomas Boston the younger, and by the congregation of Colinsburgh; formed a presbytery, 1761; published Practical Treatise on Temptation 1774.

[377] Thomas Gillespie (1777–1844), professor at St. Andrews; distinguished at Edinburgh University; LL.D. Glasgow, 1824; professor of humanity at St. Andrews, 1836; contributed to Blackwood, Constable's Miscellany and Tales of the Borders.

[378] William Gillespie (1776–1825), poet ; minister of Kells, 1800; confined to Kirkcudbrightshire for praying for Queen Caroline, 1820; published The Progress of Refinement and other Poems 1805, and Consolation, and other Poems 1816.

[379] Adam Gillies, Lord Gillies (1760–1842), Scottish judge: sheriff-depute of Kincardiueshire, 1806; judge, 1811; lord of justiciary, 1812-37; lord commissioner of the jury court, 1816; judge of exchequer, 1837.

[380] John Gillies (1712–1796), theological writer; minister of the College Church, Glasgow, from 1742; published Historical Collections relating to the Success of the Gospel 1754 (supplemented, 1761 and 1780), and Life of George Whitefield 1772.

[381] John Gillies (1747–1836), historian and classic ; brother of Adam, lord Gillies; educated at Brechin and Glasgow University; LL.D., 1784; P.R.S. and F.S.A.; historiographer royal of Scotland, 1793; published History of Greece 1786, History of the World from Alexander to Augustus 1807,View of the Reign of Frederick II of Prussia 1789, and translations from Aristotle, Lysias, and Isocrates.

[382] Margaret Gillies (1803–1887), painter ; educated by her uncle Adam, lord Gillies; painted miniatures of Wordsworth and Dickens, and exhibited portraits at Royal Academy; studied at Paris under Hendrik and Ary Scheffer; associate of the Old Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1862-87.

[383] Robert Pearse Gillies (1788–1858), autobiographer; a member of the Ballantyne circle; the Kemperhausen of Christopher North's Noctes Ambrosianae; friend of Scott and Wordsworth; contributed to Blackwoodtranslations from German; in constant pecuniary distress; editedForeign Quarterly," to which Scott, Southey, and Maguire contributed; published, besides 'Memoirs of a Literary Veteran (1851, 3 vols.), several volumes of poems, prose romance, and translations from the German.

[384] Thomas Gilliland (fl. 1804–1816), author; said to have haunted the green-room of Drury Lane as a spy upon the private conduct of public men; published The Dramatic Mirror 1808, and satirical pamphlets.

[385] Isaac Gilling (1662?–1725), presbyterian minister ; relative of John Fox (1693-1763), his biographer; received presbyterian ordination, 1687; ministered at Axminster, Silverton, and Newton Abbot: active member of Exeter assembly for union of presbyterians and independents, 1691; excluded for siding against subscription: publishedQualifications and Duties of Ministers 1708, and Life of George Trosse 1715.

[386] Edmund Gillingwater (1735?–1813), topographer; published Essay on Parish Workhouses 1786, Historical Account of Lowestoft 1790, and Historical Account of St. Edmund's Bury 1804.

[387] James Gillis (1802–1864), Roman catholic prelate: born at Montreal; ordained at Aquhorties, 1827; founded St. Margaret's Convent, Edinburgh, the first Scottish post-Reformation religious house, 1835: bishop of Limyra in parlibus, 1838: vicar-apostolic of eastern Scotland, 1852; pronounced panegyric on Joan of Arc at Orleans, 1857, and was presented with the heart of Henry II of England; published pamphlets,

[388] Joseph Gillott (1799–1873), steel-pen maker of Birmingham; for some time made pens at Birmingham with aid only of a woman, selling them at a shilling each to a stationer; finally employed 450 bands; his collection of pictures, rich in Turners and Ettys, sold for 170,OOOJ., and his violins for 4,000?.

[389] John Gillow (1753–1828), president of Usuaw College, 1811-28; professor at Douay; for twenty years in charge of the York mission.

[390] Thomas Gillow (1769–1857), Roman catholic divine; at the Revolution escaped from Douay to Crook Hall, Durham; chaplain at Callaly Castle, Northumberland; missiouer at North Shields, 1821-67.

[391] James Gillray (1757–1815), caricaturist: appenticed to a letter-engraver; studied at Royal Academy; said to have etched a caricature at twelve; treated at first anonymously social subjects, turning to political theme* afu-r 1780; executed fifteen hundred piece*, mostly issued by Miss Humphrey at 89 St. James's Street, Piccadilly, London, where he lived; imbecile after 1811. Among his caricatures were many ridiculing the habit* of the royal family, such as Wife or no Wife 1788, Ancient Music 1787, Anti-Saccbarites 1792,Temperance Enjoying a Frugal Meal 1792,A Voluptuary under the Horrors of Digestion 1792, and Sin, Death, and the Devil 1792. He depicted Pitt inThe Vulture of the Constitution," 1789, God save the King 1795, and Disciples Catching the Mantle 1808; Fox in Spouting 1792, Blue and Buff Charity 1793, andThe Worn-out Patriot 1800: Sheridan and Burke in The Dagger Scene 1792, and Fox, Sheridan, and leading radicals inDoublures of Charactersfor 'Anti-Jacobin 1798(7). Other caricatures dealt with Napoleon, Nelson, and the Revolution. His serious work included a profile of Arne after Bartolozzi, two portraits of Pitt, and the miniature of himself in the National Portrait Gallery.

[392] William Stephen Gilly (1789–1855), divine ; educated at Christ's Hospital, Caius College, and St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1817; D.D., 1833; vicar of North Fambridge, Essex, 1817; perpetual curate , of St. Margaret, Durham, 1827; vicar of Norham, 1831; canon of Durham, 1853; published works describing his visits to the Vaudois, The Peasantry of the Border; an appeal," 1841, Our Protestant Forefathers," 1835, and other writings.

[393] Sir John Gilmour (d. 1671), Scottish judge; counsel for Moutrose, 1641; lord president of the court of ! session, 1661; privy councillor and lord of the articles; defended Argyll and helped to overthrow Middleton, 1663.

[394] Bernard Gilpin (1517–1683), the ' Apostle of the North'; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A., 1542; B.D., 1549; one of the first elected to Wplsey's foundation; disputed on the Romanist side with John Hooper and Peter Martyr; denounced spoliation of church property in a sermon before Edward VI, 1562; rector of Easiugton and (1656) archdeacon of Durham; denounced for heresy, but defended by Bishop Tuustall, and promoted to benefice of Houghton-le-Spring: on his way to answer a second charge of heresy when Queen Mary died; refused see of Carlisle, 1559, and provostship of Queen's College, Oxford, 1560; made annual progresses through neglected parts of Northumberland and Yorkshire, preaching and relieving the inhabitants; founded grammar school at Houghton, and supported some of the scholars at bis own cost; interceded for rebels of 1569.

[395] George Gilpin 'the Elder' (1514?-1602), diplomatist and translator; elder brother of Bernard Gilpin ; agent of English government in Zeeland, and secretary to Gresham; publishedThe Beehive of the Romish Church (translation of St. Aldegonde's Apiarium Romanum), 1571.

[396] Randolph Gilpin (d. 1661), divine : educated at Eton; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1618; chaplain to the Rochelle expedition and rector of Barningham, Suffolk, 1628; D.D., 1660; rector of Worliugham, 1661; published Liturgica Sacra 1667.

[397] Richard Gilpin (1625–1700), nonconformist divine and physician; M.A. Edinburgh, 1646; as rector of Greystoke. 1653-61, organised his parish on the congregational model, and formed voluntary association of Cumberland and Westmoreland churches; refused see of Carlisle, 1660: removed to Newcastle, 1662, where he preached in defiance of the statutes against dissenters, and practised as a physician; M.D. Leyden, 1676; publishedDniouologia sacra; a Treatise of Satan's Temptations 1677.

[398] Sawrey Gilpin (1733–1807), animal painter: worked under Samuel Scott(1710 7-1772); employed by the Duke of Cumberland to draw from his stud; exhibited at Incorporated Society of Artists, 1762-83, becoming president, 1774; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1786; R.A., 1797; excelled as a painter of horses.

[399] William Gilpin (1724 -1804), author; descendant of Bernard Gilpin, and brother of Sawrey Gilpin q. v.; M. A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1748; kept school at Cheam, Surrey, Sidmouth, Redesdale, and the historian Mitford being among his pupils; an advanced educationalist; vicar of Boldre, 1777; built a new poorhouse and endowed school at Boldre; published lives of Bernard Gilpin, 1753, Latimer, 1755, Wycliffe, 1765, Cranmer, 1784, and other reformers; Essay on Prints 1768, Lectures on the Church Catechism 1779, Exposition of the New Testament 1790, and five works illustrated by aquatint drawings, describing his summer tours.

[400] William Sawrey Gilpin (1762–1843), watercolour painter and landscape gardener; son of Sawrey Oilpin; first president of the Old Water-colour Society. 1804-6; seceded, 1813; laid out gardens at Danesfield, Euniskillen Castle, and other seats; published * Practical Hints for Landscape Gardening 1832.

[401] Frederick Christian Ginkel , second Earl of Athlone (1668-1719), general: served under William III and Anne; lieutenant-general of Dutch cavalry; taken prisoner, 1710.

[402] Godert de Ginkel, first Earl of Athlone (1630-1703), general; native of Utrecht; present at Senef, 1674: accompanied William of Orange to England, 1688; distinguished at the Boyne and first siege of Limerick, 1690; left in command in Ireland on departure of William III; captured Athlone, won the victory of Aughrim, and took Limerick, 1691; created Baron of Aughrim and Earl of Athlone and thanked by the speaker, 1692; fought at Steinkirk, 1692, and Landen, 1693; commanded Dutch horse at recapture of Namur, 1695, and assisted in surprise of Givet, 1696: second in command to Marlborough, 1702; died at Utrecht.

[403] Sir George Gipp (1791–1847), colonial governor ; entered royal engineers, 1809; wounded in assault on Badajoz, 1812; superintended fortifications of Ostend, 1815; while in West Indies, 1824-9, sent home elaborate reports; private secretary to Lord Auckland, 1834; jointcommissioner in Canada, 1835-7; governor of New South Wales, 1838-46; opened up the country and protected the aborigines, but became unpopular, owing to his arbitrary policy and insistence on the right of the crown to territorial revenue.

[404] Sir Richard Gipps (1659–1708), master of the revels at Gray's Inn, 1682; student, 1676; knighted by Charles II; made collections for history of Suffolk.

[405] Thomas Gipps (d. 1709), rector of Bury, Lancashire, 1674-1709; educated at St. Paul's School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1662; carried on a controversy with James Owen of Oswestry regarding the presbyterian interpretation of Acts vi. 3.

[406] Giraldus de Barri, called Cambrensis(1146?–1220 ?), topographer; native of Pembrokeshire and son of Nesta, a Welsh princess; lectured on the Trivium at Paris; as archdeacon of Brecknock, 1172, procured excommunication of bishop of St. Asaph for trespassing on rights or St. David's; nominated to see of St. David's, 1176, but rejected by Henry II as a Welshman of royal blood; commissary to the bishop of St. David's, 1180; accompanied Prince John to Ireland, 1184, where he refusal several pees; assisted Archbishop Baldwin to preach the crusade in Wales, 1188; sent to keep the peace there on death of Ht-nry II; refused sees of Bangor and Llamiaff, 1190-1; led a student's life at Lincoln, 1192-8; elected to see of St. David's, 1198; went to Rome, but failed to obtain metropolitan dignity; received support from the Welsh princes, but was outlawed and disowned by the chapter, 1202; tied abroad and again reached Rome; imprisoned ut Chatillon; gave way to Henlaw, the newly elected bishop of St. David's, and was reconciled to the kin* and archbishop, receiving a pension and the expenses of hi* suit; buried at St. David's. His works (edited by J. S. Brewer and.1. P. Dimock, 1861-77) include TopoKraphia HibernicaExpugnatio Hibernica," Itinerarium CamUrup "Gemma Ecclesiastica lDe Rebus a se p-tis and lives of St. Hugh of Lincoln, St. David, and others.

[407] Girardus Cornubiensis (fl. 1350?), author of 'De gestis Britonum' and 'De gestis Regum West-Saxonum'.

[408] Herbert John Giraud (1817–1888), physician : chemist and botanist: M.I). Edinburgh, 1840; principal I of Grant Medical College, Bombay; chief medical officer i of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy's Hospital, deputy-inspector; general and (1863) dean of faculty of medicine, Bombay : University; author of botanical and chemical papers.

[409] Charles Girdlestone (1797–1881), biblical commentator; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1818 I fellow of Balliol, 1818; M.A., 1821; vicar of Sedgley, Staffordshire, 1826, working there during the cholera epidemic of 1832; incumbent of Alderley, 1837; rector of j Kingswinford, 1846-77, where he faced a second cholera : epidemic; published commentary on New Testament, j 1832-5, and Old Testament, 1842.

[410] Edward Girdlestone (1805–1884), canon of Bristol; brother of Charles Girdlestone; scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, 1823; M.A., 1829; vicar of Deane, 1830; canon of Bristol, 1854; vicar of Wapley, Gloucestershire, 1858, of Halberton, Devonshire, 1862, of Olveston, ! Gloucestershire, 1872; called the Agricultural Labourers Friend; published controversial works.

[411] John Lang Girdlestone (1763–1825), classical translator; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1789; master of Beccles School; translator of Pindar, 1810.

[412] Thomas Girdlestone (1758–1822), translator of Anacreon; army doctor at Minorca and in India; practised thirty-seven years at Great Yarmouth; translated Anacreon, 1803; published medical essays and a work to prove that Arthur Lee wrote Junius 1813.

[413] Mary Anne Girling (1827–1886), founder of The People of God sect; daughter of one Clouting, a Suffolk farmer; married George Stanton Girling; proclaimed herself to be a new incarnation of the Deity, 1864; held meetings in Battersea, 1870; her community transferred ! to New Forest Lodge, purchased for them by Miss Wood, 1872: ejected with her followers, 1873; obtained Tiptoe I Farm, Hordle, Hampshire, 1879, whence she issuedThe Close of the Dispensation 1883, signedJesus First and Last

[414] Thomas Girtin (1775–1802), water-colour painter ; imprisoned for refusing to serve out his indentures under Edward Dayes; made a sketching tour with Turner, 1793; first exhibited at Royal Academy, 1794; sent to the Royal Academy ten drawings, including views of York and St. Cuthbert's, Holy Island, 1797; contributed fifteen topographical sketches to J. Walker's Itinerant; member of the first London sketchingsociety; exhibitedBolton Bridge an oil-painting, 1801; drew and etched for Lord Essex twenty sketches of Paris, 1802 and panorama of London from south side of Blackfriar's Bridge: founder of modern water-colour painting as distinct from tinting; examples of his work preserved in the British Museum and at South Kensington.

[415] Gisa or Giso, sometimes Gila (d. 1088), bishop of Wells; native of diocese of Liege; chaplain of Edward the Confessor; bishop of Wells, 1060; on return from Rome with Tostig and Archbishop Ealdred, robbed by brigands; complained in his Historiola of Harold's treatment; recovered manor of Winsbamfrom William I; made his canons conform to Metz rule and live together in Lotharingian fashion.

[416] John Gisborne (1770–1851), poet: educated at Harrow: B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1792: called the Man of Prayer published The Vales of Wever 1797, and Reflections

[417] Maria Gisborne (1770–1836), friend of Shelley: nif James: brought up at Constantinople by her father; j refused William Godwin: married John Gisborne, 1800: lived in Italy; Shelley'sLetter to Maria Gisborne i written during her visit to England, 1820; introduced Shelley to the study of Calderon.

[418] Thomas Gisborne (d. 1806), president of College of Physicians: fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1761; M.D., 1758; F.R.S., 1759; physician to St. George's Hospital, 1767-81: Gulstonian lecturer, 1760; president, College of Physicians, 1791, 1794, 1796-1803; physician in ordinary to the king.

[419] Thomas Gisborne, the elder (1758–1846), divine; brother of John Uisbonn:; of Harrow ami St. .John's Coli'ire, Cambridge; B.A., 1780; first chancellor's medallist. 17HD; pe.rMtual curate- of liartoii-under-Needwood, 1783; prebendary of Durham, 1823 and 1826; friend of William Wilberforce; published Principles of Moral Philosophy 1789, Walks in a Forest 1704, and other works.

[420] Thomas Gisborne, the younger (1794-1862), politician; son of Thomas Gisborue the elder; lii--r M.I for Stafford, 1830-1, north Derbyshire, 1832-7; Oarlow. 1839-41, and Nottingham, 1843-52; published Bwiy-on Agriculture 1854.

[421] Walter of Gisburne (fl. 1300). See Hemingford.

[422] George Gladstanes (d. 1615), archbishop of St. Andrews; M.A. St. Andrews, 1580; minister successively of St. Cyrus, Arbirlot, and (1697) St. Andrews; member of general assembly; one of the three clerical representatives in parliament, 1698; vice-chancellor of St. Andrews, 1599; bishop of Caithness, 1600; privy councillor of Scotland, 1602; consecrated archbishop of St. Andrews, 1611; attended Hampton Court conference; obtained removal of Andrew Melville, principal of St. Andrews University, 1606; permanent moderator, 1C07.

[423] John Gladstanes (d. 1574), Scottish judge: Advocatus Pauperum 1534; lord of session, 1546; LL.D.

[424] Sir John Gladstone, first baronet (1764–1861), Liverpool merchant; partner iu Corrie & Co.; despatched first vessel to Calcutta on the opening up of the trade with India; became sole proprietor of his firm and took six brothers into the business; acquired large East Indian trade; became also West Indian merchant, defending (1823) the slave-trade against James Cropper; Issued (1830) Statement of Facts connected with the present state of Slavery; chief supporter of Canning at Liverpool, 1812; Oanningite M.P., Lancaster, 1818, Woodstock, 1820, and Berwick, 1826-7; wrote against repeal of the corn laws, but was ultimately convinced by Peel; created baronet, 1846; benefactor of religious and charitable institutions at Leith and Liverpool.

[425] William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898), statesman and author; son of (Sir) John Gladstone ; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; president of the Oxford Union Society, 1830; double first in classics and mathematics, 1831; conservative M.P. for Newark, 1832, 1835, and 1837, and again 1841-5; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1833; made first important speech, 1833, favouring gradual emancipation of slaves; successfully opposed appropriation clause in Irish church temporalities bill, 1833; junior lord of treasury in Sir Robert Peel's first administration, 1834; tinder-secretary for war and colonies in the same government, 1835; published The State in tte Relations with the Church 1838, andChurch Principles considered in their Results 1840; took part in founding Trinity College, Glenalmond, 1840; opposed first opium war with China, 1840; vice-president of board of trade and master of mint in Sir Robert Peel's second administration, 1841; privy councillor, 1841; took charge of customs bill, 1842; became president of board of trade and entered Sir Robert Peel's cabinet, 1843; introduced and carried first general railway bill providingparliamentary trains, 1844; resigned office owing to his disapproval of proposed increase of Mayuooth College grant, 1845; published Remarks on Recent Commercial Legislation 1845; accepted Peel's policy of repealing the corn laws; became secretary of state for colonies in succession to Lord Stanley, who seceded from ministry as a protectionist, 1845-6; vacated seat for Newark on taking office, and did not seek re-election; remained out of parliament through 1846; Peelite M.P. for Oxford University, 1847-65; opposed Palmerstou's Greek policy, 1850; visited Naples and published letters condemning the atrocities perpetrated by Ferdinand, king of the Two Sicilies, 1851; opposed Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, 1851; chancellor of exchequer in Aberdeen's coalition ministry, 1862-5; introduced and passed his first budget, suggesting progressive reduction of income tax and extension of legacy duty, under name of succession duty, to real property, 1853; brought in second budget, 1864; resigned office on Palmerstou becoming prime minister, 1855; supported Cobdeu inooiiilt'niiiiii-; l.oinl.anlin.-1-t O f Canton, 1856; vigorously opposed bill for establishing divorce court, 1867; published Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age 1868 entrusted i, Mr Uvard Huiw.-r Lytton, secretary for colonies, with sptviui mission to Ionian bland* and failed to quell agitation for their incorporation with Greek kingdom instead of remaining under British protectorate, 1868-59; spoke in favour of Disraeli's first reform bill, 1869; chancellor of exchequer under Lord Palmer* ston, 1859-66; introduced budget, and was successful in upholding commercial treaty with France (1869) reducing taxes on articles of food, and granting exci*l licenses to keepers of eating-houses, but failed to induce House of Lords to repeal paper duty, I860: lord rector of hdinburgh University, I860; introduced and passed Post Office Savings Bank Bill, 1861; succeeded in repealing paper duty by including all taxation proposatain one money bill which had to be accepted or rejected in ite entirety by House of Lords, 1861; published, with Lord Lyttelton, joint volume of Translations 1868 supported reform bill moved by (Sir) Edward Baines , 1864; opposed bill for removing theological tests for university degrees, 1865; M.P., South Lancashire, 1865-8; chancellor of exchequer and leader of House of Commons on Palmerstou's death, 1865; introduced government's reform bill, which failed to pass in committee, and occasioned resignation of government, 1866; introduced budget, pointing out importance of paying off national debt, 1866; proposed successful amendments to Disraeli's reform bill, 1866; leader of liberal party in succession to Lord Russell, 1867; supported bill to abolish compulsory church rates, 1868; successfully moved resolutions embodying principle of Irish church disestablishment, 1868; M.P. for Greenwich, 1868-74 and 1874-80; prime minister for the first time, 1868, the ministry including Robert Lowe (afterwards Viscount Sherbrooke) as chancellor of exchequer, John Bright as president of board of trade, Sir William Page Wood (afterwards Baron Hatherley) as chancellor, and Edward (afterwards Baron) Cardwell as secretary for war; introduced and passed Irish Church Disestablishment Bill, 1869; publishedJuventus Mundi 1869; passed first Irish laud bill, 1870; procured by royal warrant abolition of purchase in the army, 1871; passed university test bill, 1871; appointed commission to discuss claims of American government for damages caused by cruisers fitted out at British ports during civil war, 1871; passed ballot bill, 1872; introduced Irish University Bill proposing founda1 tion of an undenominational university in Ireland, 1873, and resigned on its rejection at second reading; resumed office on Disraeli's refusal to form ministry, 1873, and, while retaining first lordship of treasury, took chancellorship of the exchequer without resigning seat as member for Greenwich; resigned office on defeat of his party at the general election, 1874, and was succeeded by Disraeli (afterwards Lord Beacons field ); resigned leadership of liberal party, 1875; vehemently denounced Turkish outrages in Bulgaria and advocated alliance of England and Russia to secure independence of the sultan's Christian provinces, 1875; published Homeric Synchronism 1876; advocated, unsuccessfully, coercion of the Porte by united Europe, 1877-8; lord rector of Glasgow, 1877; spoke vehemently against Afghan policy of the government, 1878; conducted political campaign in Midlothian, condemning the aggressive imperialism of the prime minister, but dissociating himself from the doctrines of the Manchester school and of peace at any price, 1879-80; M.P. for Midlothian, 1880-95; prime minister for the second time after Beacousfield's defeat at the general election, 1880; also held office of chancellor of the exchequer, 188O-2; supported Irish Compensation for Disturbance Bill, 1880; succeeded in passing Irish coercion bill, 1881; announced, after defeat of British army ftt Majuba Hill, conditions of peace with Transvaal, which provided for the maintenance of British suzerainty, self-government for burghers, and British control of foreign relations, 1881; introduced and passed second Irish land bill, proposing to institute a laud court for fixing judicial rents, 1881; introduced and passed Irish Arrears Bill, proposing to wipe out arrears of rent in Ireland altogether where tenants were unable to pay them, 1882; adopted policy that it was duty of British government to relieve Egyptian people from military tyranny of Arabi Pasha, 1882; supported military* campaign in Egypt; gave up chancellorship of exchequer to Hugh C. E. Childers. 1883; successfully oomtwo votes of censure in House of Commons on Egyptian policy, 1883: introduced bill for extension of franchise to agricultural labourers and others, which passed Commons, but was only accepted by Lords after much hesitation, on condition that Gladstone passed simultaneously a bill for redistribution of seats, 1884; adversely criticised for his failure to rescue Gordon, and for his policy of abandonment of Soudan to the Mahdi, 1884; resigned office on passing of amendment opposing points in budget bill. 1885; declined offer of earldom, 1885; was succeeded as prime minister by Lord Salisbury, who, however, failed to obtain a majority for his party at general election at the end of 1885; on defeat of conservatives in House of Commons early in 1886, and the resignation of Lord Salisbury, Gladstone formed ministry for the third time, which included Lord Rosebery in foreign office, Lord Granville as colonial secretary, Mr. John Morley as chief secretary for Ireland, and Mr. Chamberlain (who resigned on introduction of Home Rule Bill) as president of local government board; brought in Home Rule Bill, 8 April 1886, proposing to create legislative body to sit at Dublin for dealing with affairs exclusively Irish, but reserving to British government certain powers affecting the crown, army, navy, and foreign or colonial relations; introduced Irish Land Purchase Bill, which passed only first reading, 16 April 1886; appealed to country on rejection of Home Rule Bill on second reading, 7 June 1886; resigned office with rest of cabinet after general election declared against home rule, 20 July 1886; continued to advocate his Irish policy in session, 1887-92; member of select committee appointed by House of Commons to consider Queen Victoria's message asking for additional grants for maintenance of royal family, 1889; advocated Newcastle programme of radical reforms, 1891; on the defeat of Lord Salisbury's government at general election of 1892, became prime minister for the fourth and last time; also held office of lord privy seal, 1892, his ministry including Lord Rosebery, Mr. Asquith as home secretary, and Sir Edward Grey, under-secretary for foreign affairs; introduced, 13 Feb. 1893, second Home Rule Bill, which, after passing the Commons, was rejected by 419 to 41 in House of Lords, 8 Sept. 1893; made, in support of parish councils bill, his last speech in House of Commons, 1 March 1894; resigned office of prime minister, 3 March 1894; founded St. Deiniol's library for theological students at Ha warden, 1895; urged right and necessity of British intervention in Armenia, 1895-6; published editions of Butler's Analogy Sermons and Studies Subsidiary to Works of Bishop Butler 1896; delivered his last speech at opening of Victoria Jubilee Bridge over Dee, 2 June 1897; died at Hawarden 19 May 1898; buried in Westminster Abbey. Gladstone's contributions to magazines were collected, under title Gleanings from Past Years 1879-90, 8 vols. His portrait by Millais, 1879, is in the National Portrait Gallery. As an orator Gladstone's only contemporary rival was John Bright. As a financier he can only be compared with Walpole, Pitt, and Peel.

[426] Francis Gladwin (d. 1813?), orientalist ; of the Bengal army; commissary resident at Patna, 1808; under patronage of Warren Hastings, issued translation of Institutes of the Emperor Akbar 1783-6, and a Persian-Hindustani-Engliah dictionary, 1809.

[427] Glammis, Barons. See LYON, JOHN, seventh Baron 1510?–1558 ; LYON, PATRICK, eighth BARON, d. 1578.

[428] Glammis, Lady (d. 1537). See Janet Douglas.

[429] Master of Glammis (d. 1608). See LYON, SIR Thomas.

[430] Glamorgan titular Earl of (1601–1667). See Edward Somerset, second Marquis of Worcester.

[431] John Glanvill (1664?–1735), poet and translator ; grandson of Sir John Glanville the younger; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1686; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; translated, among other works, Fontenelle's Plurality of Worlds 1688.

[432] Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680), divine; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1655; M.A.Lincoln College, 1658; rector of the Abbey Church, Bath, 1666-80, and other benefices: an admirer of Baxter, whom he excepted from his attacks on nonconformists in * The Zealous and Impartial Protestant 1681: an original F.R.S., 1664: attacked the scholastic philosophy inThe Vanity of Dogmatizing (1661), a work containing the story of the 'Scholar Gipsy'; defended the pre-existence of souls in 'Lux Orientalis 1662, and the belief in witchcraft in 'Philosophical considerations touching Witches and Witchcraft 1666, generally known as Sadducismus Triumphatus.'

[433] Bartholomew de Glanville (fl. 1230–1250), minorite friar; properly known as Bartholomew Anglicus, the addition de Glanville being most uncertain; professor of theology at Paris; went to Saxony, 1231, in the interests of his order; author of De Proprietatibus Rerum the encyclopaedia of the middle ages, first printed, c. 1470, at Basle; an English version by John of Treves v:iissued by Wynkyn de Worde, c. 1495.

[434] Gilbert de Glanville (d. 1214), bishop of Rochester, 1185; one of Becket's scholars; archdeacon of Lisieux, 1184; bishop of Rochester, 1185; one of the embassy to Philip Augustus of France, 1186; preached the crusade at Geddington, 1188; supported Longchamp against Prince John; summoned by Richard I to Germany, 1193; excommunicated Prince John on returning, 1194; fled from King John, 1207; absolved Scots from homage to him, 1212.

[435] Sir John Glanville , the elder (1542–1600), judge ; the first attorney who reached the bench; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1574: serjeant-at-law, 1589; M.P., Launceston, 1585, Tavistock, 1586, and St. Germans, 1592; judge of common pleas, 1598.

[436] Sir John Glanville , the younger (1586–1661), serjeant; son of Sir John Glanville the elder; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, c. 1610; M.P., Plymouth, 1614, 1620, 1623, 1625, 1626, and 1628; opposed the crown; prepared protest against dissolution, 1625; secretary to the council of war at Cadiz, 1625; took leading part in Buckingham's impeachment, 1626-8; eminent as counsel; recorder of Plymouth, 1614; of Bristol, 1638; Serjeant, 1637; M.P., Bristol; speaker of the Short parliament, 1640; knighted, 1641; D.C.L. Oxford, 1643; tried Northumberland and other peers; disabled and imprisoned by parliament, 1645-8; M.P. for Oxford University under Commonwealth.

[437] Ranulf de Glanville (d. 1190), chief justiciar of England; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1163-70, and 1174-89; as sheriff of Lancashire, defeated Scots at Alnwick, and captured William the Lion, 1174; ambassador to Flanders, 1177; justice-in-eyre and a member of the permanent royal court, 1179; as justiciar of England, 1180-9, was Henry II's eye fighting and negotiating with the Welsh and French, and helping the king against his sons; went with Richard I on crusade, 1190, and died at Acre. The authorship of Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England has been doubtfully ascribed to him on the evidence of Roger of Hoveden.

[438] Henry Glapthorne (fl. 1639), dramatist ; published Argalus and Parthenia 1639, and Albertus Wallenstein 1639 (tragedies), The Hollander 1640, Wit in a Constable 1640, and The Ladies Priviledge 1640 (comedies), and Poems 1639; dedicated Whitehall to Lovelace, 1642; his works collected, 1874.

[439] George Glas (1725–1765), mariner ; son of John Glas; discovered between Cape Verde and Senegal a river, which he thought suitable for a settlement: obtained promise of a government grant in exchange for a free cession to the British crown; founded the settlement, naming it Port Hillsborough, 1764; imprisoned by Spaniards at Teneriffe for contraband trading: murdered on his way home; translated from the Spanish Account of the Discovery and History of the Canaries," 1764.

[440] John Glas (1695–1773), founder of the Glassites ; M.A. St. Andrews, 1713; minister of Tealing, Forfarshire, 1719-28, when he was deposed by the general assembly for hisTestimony of the King of Martyrs(1727): formed, at Dundee, a sect of independent presbyterians: removed to Perth, 1773, where he was joined by Robert Sandeman , afterwards his son-in-law; published an edition (with translation) of theTrue Discourseof Celsus, 1753, and many other works.

[441] William Nugent Glascock (1787?–1847), captain in the navy; present at the action off Finisterre, 1805, and reduction of Flushing, 1809: promoted to postrank and specially thanked for his services in the Douro, 1832-3; chief work Naval Service, or OfficersManual 1836.

[442] Joseph Glass (1791?–1867), philanthropist ; received silver medal and 200. for his invention of the chimney-sweeping machine now in use.

[443] Sir Richard Atwood Glass (1820–1873), manufacturer of telegraph cables; educated at King's College, London; adapted Elliot's wire-rope covering to submarine cables, 1852; superintended making of Atlantic cables of 1865; knighted, 1866: chairman of Anglo-American Telegraph Company; M.P., Bewdley, 1868-9.

[444] Thomas Glass (d. 1786), physician ; M.D. Leyden, 1731; practised at Exeter; imparted to his brother Samuel (of Oxford) the process for preparing magnesia alba, afterwards perfected and applied by him; authority on inoculation for smallpox; published medical works.

[445] George Henry Glasse (1761–1809), classic and divine; son of Samuel Qlasse; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1782; rector of Hanwell, 1785; chaplain successively of the Earl of Radnor, Duke of Cambridge, and Earl of Sefton: rendered Samson Agouistes into Greek, 1788; translated L'Inconnue, Histoire Veritable as Louisa dealing with the lady of the Haystack problem, 1801; spent a fortune; committed suicide.

[446] Hannah Glasse (fl. 1747), author of 'The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy 1747, The Compleat Confectioner, and The Servant's Directory, or Housekeeper's Companion 1770; habit-maker to the Prince of Wales, 1767.

[447] Samuel Glasse (1735–1812), theologian ; educated at Westminster; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1759; D.d. 1769; F.R.S., 1764; chaplain in ordinary to the king, 1772; rector of Hanwell; vicar of Epsom, ! 1782, Wanstead, 1786; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1798; I friend of Bishop Home; author of a work advocating Sunday schools, 1786.

[448] James Glassford (d. 1845), legal writer and translator; son of John Glassford; sheriff-depute of Dumbartonshire; a commissioner to inquire into Irish education, 1824-6; published Remarks on the Constitution and Procedure of the Scottish Courts 1812, Essay on Principles of Evidence 1812, translations from Bacon and the Italian poets.

[449] John Glassford (1715–1783), tobacco merchant and shipowner; bailie of Glasgow, 1751; purchased Dougalston, Dumbartonshire.

[450] John of Glastonbury (fl. 1400).

[451] James Glazebrook (1744–1803), divine ; a Madeley collier, who came under the influence of John Fletcher of Madeley; incumbent of St. James's, Latchford; vicar of Bolton, Lancashire, 1796-1803; published Defence of Infant Baptism," 1781.

[452] Thomas Kirkland Glazebrook ( 1780–1855), ' author; sou of James Glazebrook; translated j Virgil's first eclogue, 1807, and published poetical works. I

[453] Count Gleichen (1833–1891).

[454] George Gleig (1753–1840), bishop of Brechin ; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; thrice elected bishop of Dunkeld, 1786, 1792, and 1808, but his election ! made ineffectual by hostility of Bishop Skinner; LL.D. i Aberdeen; bishop of Brechin, 1808-40; as primus, 18161837, endeavoured to secure regium donum; contributed important articles to the Encyclopaedia Britauuica (3rd edition) and edited the last six volumes, and (1801) wrote most of the Supplement; published lifeof.Principal William Robertson, 1812, and edited Stackhouse's History of the Bible 1817.

[455] George Robert Gleig (1796–1888), chaplain general of the forces; son of George Gleig; at Glasgow and Balliol College, Oxford; served with the 85th in the Peninsula, 1813-14; wounded at Nivelle and the Nive, and in the American war of 1814; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1818; took orders, 1820; M.A., 1821; perpetual curate of Ash, and rector of Ivy Church, 1822; i chaplain of Chelsea Hospital, 1834; chaplain-general of the forces, 1844-75; contributed to the Quarterly EdinburghBlackwood amiErasermagazines; wrote I The Subaltern for Blackwood 1828; published The ! Story of Waterloo 1847, Lives of Military Commanders 1831, biographies of Warren Hastings (1841), Clive (1848), iind Wellington (1862), and Chelsea Pensioners 1829, with other works.

[456] Edward Glemham (ft. 1590–1594), voyager; of Benhall, Suffolk; in his ship the Edward and Constance destroyed two Spanish vessel*, repulsed four galleys, and captured a rich Venetian merchant ship, 1690; made second voyage: his adventures described in black-letter pamphlets (reprinted, 1829 and 1866).

[457] Sir Thomas Glemham (d. 1649?) royalist; knighted, 1617; M.P., Aldeburgh, in the first two parliaments of Charles I; served on the continent and in first Scottish war; commandant of York, 1642 and 1644; capitulated, 1644; tried to hold Carlisle against the Roots, 1645, and to defend Oxford; took part in the second civil war till Musgrave'a seizure of Carlisle, 1648.

[458] Andrew Glen (1666–1732), botanist; M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1687; rector of Hathern, Leicestershire; formed an herbarium, 1685, including two hundred foreign plants, to which be made additions at Turin, 1692.

[459] William Glen (1789–1826), Scottish poet; published Poems, chiefly Lyrical 1815, includingWae's me for Prince Charlie and other love and war songs.

[460] Baron Glenbervie (1743–1823). See Sylvester Douglas

[461] Earls of Glencairn . See CUNNINGHAM, ALEXAnder, first EARL, d. 1488 ; CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER, fifth EARL, d. 1574; CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM, fourth EARL, . 1547; CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM, ninth EARL, 1610V1664.

[462] Lord Glencorse (1810–1891). See John Inglis.

[463] Owen Glendower (1359?-1416?) (Owain ab Gruffydd), Welsh rebel ; lord of Glyndwr and Sycharth ; claimed descent from Bleddyn ab Cynvyn and from Llewelyn; studied law at Westminster; served with Richard II against the Scots, 1385; witness in suit of Scrope v. Grosvenor, 1386; as squire to Earl of Arundel served Henry of Lancaster, but hooded Welsh rebellion against him on his accession as Henry IV; assumed title of Prince of Wales his estates granted by Henry IV to John Beaufort, earl of Somerset; invaded South Wales, and harassed the royal army in the north; repulsed before Carnarvon, 1401; negotiated with Northumberland for peace, but at the same time appealed for help to Scotland and the Irish lords; captured Reginald de Grey and Sir Edmund Mortimer at Pilleth,1402; baffled the English army and released Mortimer after marrying him to his daughter, November 1402; his chief residences burnt by Prince Henry, 1403; took Carmarthen, Usk, Caerleon, and Newport, failed to join the Percies at Shrewsbury, 1403; ravaged English border; aided by French and Bretons captured Harlech and Cardiff, 1404; concluded an alliance with France, 1405; recognised Benedict XIII as pope, 1405; summoned a Welsh parliament, 1405; probably formed his alliance with Mortimer and Northumberland, c. 1405; his sons captured by Prince Henry; retook Carmarthen with help of a French force, 1406; again defeated, 1406; deserted by Northumberland: lost Aberystwitb, 1407, and South Wales, 1408; his wife and relations captured, 1413; admitted to the king's grace and obedience, 1415: his end unknown.

[464] Baron Glenelg (1778–1866). See Charles Grant.

[465] Edward Glenham (Jl. 1590–1694). See Glemham.

[466] James Glenie (1760–1817), mathematician ; M.A., St. Andrews; served in the artillery and engineers during the American war; elected F.R.S., 1779, for papers written while on service; lieutenant, 1787; retired, 1787; emigrated to New Brunswick, and became member of House of Assembly; on return to England appointed engineer extraordinary and (1806) instructor to East India Company's artillery officers; dismissed in consequence of evidence in Wardle case, 1809; died in poverty; published, among other works, History of Gunnery 1776, 'Doctrine of Universal Comparison 1789, The Antecedental Calculus 1793, and Observations on Defence of Great Britain 1807.

[467] Barons Glenlee . See MILLKR, SIR THOMAS, 1717-1789; MILLKH, tiiu WILLIAM, 1755-1846.

[468] George Glenny (1793–1874), horticultural writer ; odited theRoyal Lady's Magazine; started theHorticultural Journal 1832, in which his Properties of Flowers first appeared; edited many other horticultural papers, including Glenny's Almanac (still issued); a successful grower of auriculas, dahlias, and tulips; originated Metropolitan Society of Florists, 1832.

[469] Viscountess Glenorchy (1741–1786). See Willielma Campbell.

[470] Francis Glisson (1597–1677), physician ; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1624; incorporated at Oxford, 1627; M.D. Cambridge, 1634; regius professor of physic, Cambridge, 1636-77; Gulstonian lecturer, 1640; sent out of Colchester to ask for better terms during the siege, 1648; an original F.R.S.; president, College of Physicians, 16671669; published (1650)Tractatus de Rachitide(the Rickets), almost the first English medical monograph; published also Anatomia Hepatis (1654), from which the name Glisson's capsule was applied to the sheath of the liver.

[471] Dukes of Gloucester . See THOMAS OF WOODStock 1355–1397 ; HUMPHREY, 1391–1447 ; RICHARD III, 1452-1485; HENRY, 1639-1660; WILLIAM HENRY, 17431805; WILLIAM FREDERICK, 1776-1834.

[472] Duchess of Gloucester . See Eleanor Cobham.

[473] Earls of Gloucester . See CLARE, GILBERT DE, sixth EARL, d. 1230; CLARE, GILBERT DE, eighth EARL, 1243-1295; CLARE, GILBERT DE, ninth EARL, 1291-1314; CLARE, RICHARD DE, seventh EARL, 1222-1262; MONTHKRMER, RALPH DE, d. 1325 ?; DKSPENSER, THOMAS LE, 1373-1400.

[474] Miles de Gloucester, Earl of Hereford (d. 1143), sheriff of Gloucestershire and Staffordshire from 1128; justice itinerant, a justice of the forest, and royal constable from 1128; adhered to Stephen till 1139, when he joined Gloucester in inviting the Empress Maud to England; relieved Brian Fitzcount at Wallingford, 1139; burnt Worcester, 1139; took Hereford Castle, 1139; present at Lincoln, 1141; accompanied the empress to Winchester as one of her three chief supporters, 1141; fled with her from London, and persuaded her to return to Oxford from Gloucester, 1141; received as a reward the earldom and castle of Hereford, 1141; excommunicated by the bishop of Hereford for demands on church lands, 1143; slain by an arrow shot at a deer.

[475] Robert of Gloucester (fl. 1260–1300). See Robert.

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