John Cradock, 1st Baron Howden
The Lord Howden | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governor of the Cape Colony | |
| In office 1811–1814 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Caledon |
| Succeeded by | Lord Charles Somerset |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 August 1759 |
| Died | 26 July 1839 (aged 79) |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Madras Army |
| Battles/wars | Irish Rebellion |
General John Francis Cradock, 1st Baron Howden GCB (11 August 1759 – 26 July 1839) was a British peer, politician and soldier.
Life
[edit]He was son of John Cradock, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin.[1] In 1775 he was admitted to St John's College, Cambridge.[2]
In 1777, he was appointed a cornet in the 4th Regiment of Horse, which in 1779 he exchanged to become an ensign in the Coldstream Guards, and in 1781 he was promoted a lieutenant with the rank of captain. In 1785 he purchased a commission as a major in the 12th Dragoons, exchanging this in 1786 for a post in the 13th Foot, where he was appointed lieutenant-colonel in 1789.
He commanded the 13th in the West Indies in 1790, and served a second time in the West Indies commanding a battalion of grenadiers in 1793, where he was wounded at the reduction of Martinique and appointed the aide-de-camp of Sir Charles Grey, receiving the thanks of Parliament for his services.
In 1795 he was appointed colonel of the 127th Foot, and placed on half-pay when that regiment was reduced in 1797. He was appointed major-general in 1798, and served in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 as quartermaster-general in Ireland, seeing action the Battle of Vinegar Hill. He accompanied Cornwallis in his campaign against the French forces landed in Ireland, and was severely wounded at the Battle of Ballinamuck.
Cradock entered the Irish House of Commons for Clogher in 1785. In 1790, he stood as Member of Parliament for Castlebar, a seat he held until 1798. He then represented Midleton from 1799 to 1800 and subsequently Thomastown to the Act of Union in 1801. The year before he had been appointed to command the second battalion of the 54th Foot, and again placed on half-pay when that battalion was reduced in 1802. In 1803 he was appointed to the 71st Foot.
In 1801 he was on the staff in the Mediterranean under Sir Ralph Abercromby, seeing action several times and serving as second-in-command of a division in the field. After the surrender of Cairo and Alexandria, at which he was present, he was despatched with a force to occupy Corsica and Naples, but was recalled en route after the Peace of Amiens was signed.
He was then appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army; after the departure of Lord Lake he commanded the whole of the forces in the Iberian Peninsula for almost a year. In 1808 he was appointed to command the forces in Portugal, handing over command to Arthur Wellesley on 22 April 1809.[3] From there he moved to the command of the 43rd (Monmouthshire) Light Infantry in January 1809, briefly serving as the Governor of Gibraltar later that year.
In 1811 he was appointed Governor of the Cape Colony and commander of the forces on that station, resigning in 1814 and being succeeded by Lord Charles Somerset. He was promoted full general in 1814, elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Howden in 1819,[4] and to the Peerage of the United Kingdom under the same title in 1831.
The town of Cradock, Eastern Cape, South Africa, is named after him.[5]
On 17 November 1798 Cradock married Lady Theodosia Sarah Frances Meade (b. c. 1773; d. 13 Dec 1853), Lady Theodosia was the daughter of John Meade, 1st Earl of Clanwilliam. Cradock named the town of Clanwilliam, Western Cape after his father-in-law.[6]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Blacker 1887.
- ^ "Cradock, [John] Francis (CRDK775JF)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Chartrand 2012, p. 53.
- ^ Philippart 1820, pp. 12–14.
- ^ Raper 1989, p. 123.
- ^ Raper 1989, p. 115.
References
[edit]- Blacker, Beaver Henry (1887). . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 12. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Chartrand, Rene (2012). Oldest Allies – Alcantara 1809. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-895-7.
- Philippart, John, ed. (1820). The Royal Military Calendar, Or Army Service and Commission Book. Vol. II (3rd ed.). London: A.J. Valpy, sold by T. Egerton.
- Raper, P. E. (1989). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 978-0-947464-04-2 – via Internet Archive.
- Stephens, Henry Morse (1887). . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
| British occupation 1806–1814 |
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| British colony 1814–1910 |
Those in italics were Acting Governors
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| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
- 1759 births
- 1839 deaths
- 3rd Dragoon Guards officers
- 12th Royal Lancers officers
- 71st Highlanders officers
- Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
- Barons in the Peerage of Ireland
- Peers of Ireland created by George III
- Peers of the United Kingdom created by William IV
- British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- British Army generals
- British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
- British East India Company people
- Irish MPs 1783–1790
- Irish MPs 1790–1797
- Irish MPs 1798–1800
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
- Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies
- Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Kilkenny constituencies
- Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Mayo constituencies
- Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Tyrone constituencies
- People of the Irish Rebellion of 1798