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Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign

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Kamala Harris for President 2024
Campaign2024 U.S. presidential election
CandidateKamala Harris
49th Vice President of the United States (2021–present)
Tim Walz
41st Governor of Minnesota (2019–present)
AffiliationDemocratic Party
StatusAnnounced: July 21, 2024
Presumptive nominee: July 22, 2024
Official nominee: August 5, 2024
Lost election: November 5, 2024
HeadquartersWilmington, Delaware[1]
Key people
ReceiptsUS$997,236,360.17[9] (October 16, 2024)
Slogan
Theme song"Freedom" by Beyoncé featuring Kendrick Lamar (Harris)[11]
"Small Town" by John Mellencamp (Walz)[12]
Website
kamalaharris.com
2024 U.S. presidential election
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Third parties
Related races
← 2020 2024 2028 →
This article is part of
a series about
Kamala Harris
Personal
27th District Attorney of San Francisco
32nd Attorney General of California
U.S. Senator from California
49th Vice President of the United States
Incumbent
Vice presidential campaigns
Presidential campaigns
Kamala Harris's signature

Kamala Harris, the 49th and incumbent vice president of the United States, announced her 2024 campaign for president on July 21, 2024, after incumbent President Joe Biden withdrew his bid for reelection and endorsed her earlier the same day. Harris became the official nominee of the Democratic Party on August 5 following a virtual roll call vote;[13] she selected Minnesota governor Tim Walz as her running mate the following day.[14] Harris is the first nominee who did not participate in the primaries since Vice President Hubert Humphrey in 1968. It was also the shortest general election presidential campaign in history, lasting only 107 days.

Harris rose to national prominence in 2016 during her campaign for the United States Senate. She became more widely known when she sought the party's nomination for the 2020 presidential election but withdrew from the race in 2019, citing a lack of funds.[15] She endorsed Joe Biden and was chosen to be his running mate in 2020.[16] After Biden and Harris won the general election, she became the first female vice president of the United States upon her inauguration in 2021.[17]

Harris advocated a similar domestic platform to Biden on some issues,[18] supporting national abortion protections, LGBT+ rights, stricter gun control, and legislation to address climate change.[19] She also supported federal cannabis legalization, strengthening voting rights, strengthening the Affordable Care Act, and federal funding of housing. Harris departed from Biden on economic issues, proposing what has been described as a "populist" economic agenda, limited control of grocery and food prices in response to what the campaign characterized as "price gouging", a cap on prescription drug costs, and expansion of the child tax credit.[20][21] On foreign policy, she supported continued military aid to Ukraine and Israel in their respective wars, but insisted that Israel should agree to a ceasefire and hostage deal and work towards a two-state solution.[22] On immigration, Harris supported increasing the number of Border Patrol agents and reforming the immigration system. A presidential debate between Harris and Trump was held on September 10 on ABC,[23] and a vice presidential debate between Walz and JD Vance was held on October 1 on CBS.[24]

Harris lost the general election to Republican former president Donald Trump; she conceded on the following day.[25] Had Harris been elected, she would have been the first female and first Asian American president of the United States.[26]

Harris' losses in the blue wall states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin were considered key to her defeat.

Delegate endorsements

On July 22, Harris secured enough delegate endorsements to become the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee,[27] and officially became the party's nominee after a formal roll call vote, held from August 1[28] to August 5.[13]

Background

Main articles: Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign and Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election

Harris began an initial run for the presidency on January 21, 2019, at the time as U.S. senator from California.[29] In debates, Harris was criticized by opponents over her record as Attorney General of California, notably regarding her past positions on marijuana, cash bail, parole reform, and alleged negligence in investigating police misconduct, among other issues.[30][31] Stagnant polling and fundraising struggles in November began to signify a possible end to her campaign. Given inconsistencies in staffing, a lack of funds, and a generally poorly managed campaign, she officially withdrew from the Democratic primaries in December 2019.[32] She endorsed Joe Biden on March 8, 2020,[33] and was chosen by Biden to be his running mate on August 11, 2020.[16] After Biden and Harris won the general election, she became the first female vice president of the United States upon her inauguration on January 20, 2021.[17]

In October 2023, Harris refused to speculate about what would happen if Biden, the incumbent president and expected Democratic nominee for the 2024 presidential election, were to drop out of the race. Joe Biden's age, which at the time was 80, was being used as a "battering ram" by Republicans[34] and as a focal point of Democratic U.S. Representative Dean Phillips's lonely challenge of Biden in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[35][36] After the first presidential debate on June 27, 2024, concerns grew about then-presumptive nominee Biden's age and fitness to serve a second term.[37] Biden initially pushed back "aggressively" at the idea that he should drop out.[38] On June 28, New York magazine wrote that while most Democrats did not want Harris to replace him, she would be the most likely choice if he were to drop out; she had higher approval ratings than Biden and other Democratic contenders for the 2028 presidential election, like Gavin Newsom.[39]

On social media, an old clip of Harris asking an audience: "You think you just fell out of a coconut tree? You exist in the context of all in which you live and what came before you," became an Internet meme; coconuts would become a symbol of Harris's campaign and boosted enthusiasm for her being the nominee.[40] "What can be, unburdened by what has been," has similarly surfaced as a meme associated with Harris and her campaign.[41]

By July 3, Harris was being discussed as Biden's potential replacement by senior Democrats, and various Democrats' reactions to the choice ranged from "acceptance to trepidation to resignation".[42] She defended Biden, saying that the debate "wasn't his finest hour" but that "the outcome of this election cannot be determined by one day in June."[43] Nonetheless, her allies began to strategize on how to make her the Democratic choice if he dropped out.[44] She was a frequent target of speeches during the 2024 Republican National Convention from July 15 to 18, with speakers frequently referring to the "Biden–Harris" presidency.[45][46] On July 17, the campaign for Donald Trump, the Republican candidate in the election, refused to select a date for a vice presidential debate with JD Vance, Trump's running mate, saying that it was unclear who the Democrats' vice presidential nominee would be if Biden were to withdraw.[47]

A Biden–Harris yard sign with Biden's name removed in Oakland, California, the day after Biden withdrew

On July 18, The Hill reported that in the next few days, Biden would make a speech about the future of his political career, and that congressional Democrats expected Harris to be the new nominee.[48] By July 19, Democrats were "quietly mapping" how Harris would win in the election,[49] but other candidates such as Gretchen Whitmer and Josh Shapiro were also being considered.[50] Following pressure from Democrats, Biden withdrew from the election on July 21, 2024, and endorsed Harris as his successor.[51]

Vice presidential selection

Main article: 2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
Harris and Walz together at a campaign rally in Glendale, Arizona
These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection § Vetting process and developments.[edit]

An official reported to ABC News on July 23 that Arizona Senator Mark Kelly and Shapiro were the leading candidates,[52] while another source told Talking Points Memo the following day that North Carolina governor Roy Cooper was an additional top choice.[53] On July 23, the Financial Times reported that Cooper, Kelly, and Shapiro had become the frontrunners, with donors preferring Cooper or Shapiro and "Hollywood Democrats" backing Kelly.[54]

On July 24, The New York Times reported that Walz was also "under serious consideration".[55] On July 26, The Washington Post reported that Cooper, Kelly and Shapiro were at the top of Harris's shortlist according to people close to the campaign.[56] MSNBC also reported that the three frontrunners were reportedly at the top of a shortening list.[57] Bloomberg News, however, reported on July 27 that Kelly, Shapiro, and Walz were the three finalists.[58] On July 28, USA Today reported Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear as "one of the most prominent potential running mates" being vetted by the Harris campaign.[59]

On July 29, The New York Times reported Cooper had voluntarily withdrawn his name from consideration.[60] The same day, Beshear, Kelly, Shapiro, and Walz were reported to be on Harris's shortlist by various media outlets,[61][62][63] along with CNBC reporting that Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg was on the shortlist as Harris's running mate.[64] On July 30, The Hill reported that several progressive leaders and political groups urged Harris to pick Beshear or Walz as her running mate over Shapiro as an attempt to consolidate key voting groups and the Democratic base.[65] Politico reported on July 30 that Harris planned on interviewing potential running mates in the following days.[66]

Also on July 30, The Hill reported that while Harris had not yet finalized her running mate choice, she planned on campaigning with her eventual choice in several battleground states the following week.[67] That same day, CBS News reported that Harris will start interviewing her shortlist candidates as early as the next day, with Beshear, Buttigieg, Kelly, Shapiro and Walz being cited as the campaign's top tier list;[68] however, a report from CNN on the same day cited Kelly, Shapiro, and Walz as "top contenders" while people close to the selection process stated that Beshear and Buttigieg were not top contenders despite being "in conversation".[69]

On August 1, NBC News reported that the Harris campaign's vetting team had formally met with six finalists, Beshear, Buttigieg, Kelly, Shapiro, Walz, and Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker.[70][71] Pritzker had previously denied receiving vetting materials in July;[72] however, towards the end of the month it was reported he had undergone two vetting interviews.[73] That same day, Bloomberg News and Politico reported that Harris's vetting team had met privately with Kelly and Shapiro.[74] The New York Times reported that day that the vetting process, led by Eric Holder, was completed.[70] That same report found that out of the six finalists, Shapiro, Kelly and Walz were considered to be top contenders while acknowledging that Beshear, Buttigieg and Pritzker were part of the six finalists that Harris had narrowed down to.[70] On August 4, Harris interviewed Shapiro, Kelly, and Walz in person at the Number One Observatory Circle, as finalists. Following this, on August 5, it was reported the selection narrowed down to Walz and Shapiro;[75] however, Harris did not decide on August 5, choosing to "sleep on it" and inform her running mate in the morning.[76] On August 6, Harris chose Walz.[77]

On August 4, Reuters reported that the two finalists were Walz and Shapiro.[75]

Campaign

Announcement

A "Harris for President" sign on a lectern

On July 21, 2024, Harris announced her intention to run for the Democratic nomination,[78] and the "Biden for President" campaign committee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission to change the name of the committee to "Harris for President".[79]

Presumptive nominee

On July 22, Harris received enough state delegate endorsements to win the nomination and become the presumptive nominee.[80] While the endorsements were non-binding, CNN estimated on July 23 she had secured enough delegates to win the nomination.[81]

Fundraising

The day Biden's withdrawal was announced, Democratic fundraising platform ActBlue reported raising more than $50 million, its largest donation day since Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death in 2020.[82] In the first 24 hours of Harris's candidacy, the presidential campaign raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest single-day total of any presidential candidate in history.[83] By August 1, ten days after the launch of the campaign, the Harris campaign raised $310 million in small-dollar donations through ActBlue.[84] Owing to strong fundraising numbers, in September, the Harris campaign directed its joint accounts to donate $25 million to down-ballot races for the House, Senate, governor, and state legislatures. By October, less than three months after entering the race, Harris' campaign and affiliated committees had raised over $1 billion, not including money donated to allied super PACs. The total notably beat Trump's $853 million raised in concert with the RNC in all of 2024. The New York Times described Harris' fundraising haul as unique, stating that "no presidential candidate is believed to have ever raised so much so fast after entering a race". It also noted that the campaign had stopped trumpeting its totals to prevent contributors from becoming complacent, and remained concerned about "billionaire-funded Republican super PACs" impacting the race.[85]

A number of grassroots fundraising groups were established and held virtual organizing calls, including White Dudes for Harris, South Asian Women for Harris, Latinas for Harris, Native Women + Two Spirit for Harris, Women for Harris, Caribbean-Americans for Harris, Filipino Americans for Harris, Disabled Voters for Harris, Win With Black Women, Win With Black Men, and White Women: Answer the Call (which was the largest Zoom call in history).[86][87] In the 24 hours after announcing Walz as Harris's running mate, the campaign raised $36 million.[88] Harris and Walz held a private fundraiser at the Fairmont in San Francisco on August 11;[89] the 700 attendees raised $12 million and included John Doerr, Reid Hoffman, and Tom Steyer.[90] During the week of August 12, Walz headlined a string of private fundraisers in Orange County, California; Providence, Rhode Island; Boston; Denver; and Southampton, New York.[91] Doug Emhoff, Harris' husband, spoke at private fundraisers in the New York City area on August 26 and 27, in Water Mill, North Haven (at the home of Richard C. Perry) and Manhattan.[92]

Music

Harris used Beyoncé's song "Freedom" as the official song for her campaign, having obtained permission from Parkwood Entertainment on the day of her first rally.[93][94] On August 20, 2024, Republican Party presidential primaries spokesperson Steven Cheung posted on Twitter a 13-second video of Trump's arrival in Detroit, Michigan, for a rally using "Freedom".[95][96] The following day Beyoncé's record label and music publisher sent a cease-and-desist to Trump for using the song without permission.[97] After Walz was introduced as her running mate, the campaign initially used Bruce Springsteen's "Born to Run" as his walk-on music at rallies,[98] but later began using John Mellencamp's "Small Town" instead by August 13.[99] In August 2024, after Trump used the Foo Fighters song "My Hero" at a rally without permission and against the band's wishes, the Foo Fighters released a statement saying that any increased royalties from the song's usage would be donated directly to the Harris 2024 presidential campaign.[100]

Advertising

A Voice of America video about the campaign's attempts to attract Latino voters

A digital ad featuring Beyoncé's song "Freedom" debuted on July 25.[101] On August 8, the Harris campaign released an ad in both English and Spanish, titled "Determination", directed towards Latino voters in battleground states.[102] The next day, another ad called "Tougher" focused on the southern border was released, calling Harris a "border-state prosecutor".[103] In order to appeal to young male voters, the Harris campaign released a map in Fortnite Creative called Freedom Town, USA in October 2024.[104]

The Harris campaign had a presence on X and Instagram known as @KamalaHQ,[105] which had 1.3 million followers on X as of September 2024.[106] In the early days of her campaign, the account reposted memes and changed its banner to imitate the cover art for the album Brat to market Harris to younger voters as a "cool girl".[107] The account also spread deceptively edited videos of Donald Trump and JD Vance on several occasions, spawning an X account dedicated solely to fact-checking it that had 268,000 followers as of September 2024.[106]

Kamala is for they/them

Main article: Kamala is for they/them

"Kamala is for they/them" was a political advertisement that Trump's 2024 presidential campaign commissioned to attack Harris's views on transgender rights. Trump spent more money on this ad than any other in the campaign, with its premise that Harris supported tax-funded gender-affirming surgery for transgender people in prison, using clips of her talking about the policy in an interview.[108] The ad's kicker, which mocked preferred gender pronouns, was "Kamala is for they/them, Trump is for you."[109]

Advisers and staff

See also: Planned presidential transition of Kamala Harris

Compared with the Biden campaign's group of advisers and confidants, Harris relies on a larger and more diverse group.[110] Julie Chávez Rodriguez serves as campaign manager. Jen O'Malley Dillon, who was Biden's campaign chairwoman, was kept on in the same role by Harris; Jeffrey Katzenberg, Mitch Landrieu, Cedric Richmond, and Gretchen Whitmer are co-chairs. Harris also brought on Obama-era adviser David Plouffe.[110]

Lorraine Voles, Harris's chief of staff, was a deputy press secretary for Bill Clinton and is a friend of Ron Klain; after joining the office of the Vice President in 2021, Voles helped facilitate communication between Harris's office and the West Wing, and she was seen as a likely choice to oversee a potential presidential transition. Philip H. Gordon was national security adviser, Sheila Nix was campaign chief of staff, Quentin Fulks was deputy campaign manager, and former Obama speechwriter Adam Frankel led preparations for Harris's DNC speech. The campaign's communications strategy was overseen by Brian Fallon, Ian Sams, and Kirsten Allen, who was focused on Harris's public image.[111] Stephanie Cutter worked on DNC programming; Brian E. Nelson was the campaign's senior adviser for policy; and Sean Clegg, Karen Dunn, and Rohini Kosoglu helped with debate preparation.[110] (Philippe Reines portrayed Trump.)[112][113]

Additionally, Harris relied on family — including her husband Doug Emhoff, sister Maya Harris, and brother-in-law Tony West — as well as close friends, such as Chrisette Hudlin, who set Harris up with Emhoff on a blind date, and Minyon Moore, who originally recommended Harris as VP to Biden.[110]

Campaign events

A Harris campaign rally in Glendale, Arizona, on August 9.

Harris held her first campaign rally on July 23, 2024, at the West Allis Central High School gymnasium in West Allis, Wisconsin; the Republican National Convention had been held a week earlier in nearby Milwaukee.[114] The event reportedly grew a larger audience than any event held by Biden's 2024 campaign, according to campaign spokesperson Kevin Muñoz, who had previously expected around 3,000 people to attend.[115]

On July 30, Harris held an event in Atlanta at Georgia State University's convocation center, telling the crowd of 8,000 people, "Well Donald ... Meet me on the debate stage. ... If you've got something to say, say it to my face." Megan Thee Stallion and Quavo also attended the rally, with Megan Thee Stallion performing several songs and addressing reproductive rights and Quavo speaking about his and Harris's gun violence prevention work.[116]

Harris's first rally featuring her running mate, Tim Walz, was held in Philadelphia at Temple University's Liacouras Center on August 6. The campaign said that 12,000 people attended.[117][118] The next day, Harris and Walz held rallies in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and Romulus, Michigan.[119] An event scheduled for August 8 in Raleigh, North Carolina, was postponed due to Hurricane Debby, as was a planned rally in Savannah, Georgia, on August 9.[120][121] Harris and Walz instead spoke on August 8 in Wayne, Michigan, to UAW Local 900, representing workers at Ford's Michigan Assembly Plant, alongside Shawn Fain.[122]

A rally at UNLV's Thomas & Mack Center on August 10.

Harris and Walz appeared on August 9 in Glendale, Arizona, at Desert Diamond Arena; U.S. senator Mark Kelly, Arizona attorney general Kris Mayes, U.S. Senate candidate Ruben Gallego (AZ-3), and Republican Mesa mayor John Giles also spoke.[123] Another rally took place the following day in Paradise, Nevada, at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas's Thomas & Mack Center.[124] Before the rally started hundreds of people who wanted to attend the rally were turned away because the venue had reached its capacity. The capacity of the venue is about 18,000 people.[125] According to the campaign, 14,000 people were in the arena and law enforcement closed the doors around 5:45 PM as people who were waiting in line outside became ill. The campaign estimated that 4,000 people were either waiting in line or in their cars when law enforcement closed the doors.[126]

On August 13, Walz spoke at the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees union convention in Los Angeles,[127] and he held a solo rally at the Astro Theater in La Vista, Nebraska, just outside of Omaha, on August 17.[128] Harris spoke about her economic platform on August 16 at Wake Technical Community College in Raleigh, North Carolina.[129] The campaign returned to Georgia for a bus tour on August 28, with Harris and Walz visiting Liberty County High School in Hinesville and a barbecue restaurant in Savannah.[130]

Celebrity appearances and concert rallies

See also: Celebrity–industrial complex and Celebrity branding

Harris frequently held campaign rallies with celebrities and singers who have endorsed her campaign, including a series of concert rallies to drum up enthusiasm during the final stretch of the campaign.[131] On October 26, Beyoncé and Kelly Rowland spoke and introduced Harris at a rally in Houston.[132] On October 30, Mumford & Sons, Gracie Abrams, Remi Wolf, and The National performed ahead of Harris at a campaign rally targeting youth voters in Madison. Abrams and Wolf also giving speeches in support of Harris.[133]

On October 31, Los Tigres Del Norte performed ahead of her speech in Phoenix. Later that day, Jennifer Lopez and Maná were scheduled to appear alongside Harris in Las Vegas in an event targeting Latino voters.[134] On November 1, Cardi B joined Harris at a campaign rally in West Allis, Wisconsin. During her speech, she strongly dismissed the notion of giving Trump another chance, highlighting her dedication to safeguarding her future and that of her children. Cardi's appearance was preceded by performances from rappers Flo Milli and GloRilla, and actor Keegan-Michael Key.[135][136][137][138] On November 2, she made a surprise appearance on Saturday Night Live, appearing in the episode's cold open, having a pep talk with her impersonator Maya Rudolph.[139] FCC regulator Brendan Carr claimed that her guest appearance violated equal time rules that govern political programming.[140] In response, NBC aired two pro-Trump advertisements at the Trump campaign's request.[141]

Following the election, Governor of Connecticut Ned Lamont criticized this strategy in an interview on Bloomberg Radio, saying "Kamala should have been in a diner having a cup of coffee, an apple pie with a couple of the guys instead of Oprah and Beyoncé.[142]

Final outcome

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election
Harris delivering her concession speech on November 6, 2024.

The Harris/Walz ticket ultimately lost to the Trump/Vance ticket in the general election on November 5, with Harris conceding in a phone call to Trump and a public address the following day.[143] As of November 6, voting returns indicate that Trump won the critical swing states of North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Michigan, which guaranteed his Electoral College victory over Harris.[144] Both candidates had repeatedly visited these critical states and were virtually tied in polling shortly before the election.[145]

As of November 7, The New York Times projects that Harris lost the popular vote from voting returns. If results are confirmed, she will be the first Democratic presidential contender to have lost the popular vote since John Kerry in 2004 against Republican incumbent George W. Bush.[146]

Harris' losses in the "blue wall" states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin played a major role in the outcome of the campaign.

On CNN's State of the Union following the election, former Harris aide Jamal Simmons proposed that Biden resign in order to make Harris President for the remainder of Biden's term.[147][148]

Platform

Main article: Political positions of Kamala Harris
See also: Age and health concerns about Donald Trump

Harris framed her campaign as "a choice between freedom and chaos" and based it around the ideals of "freedom" and "the future".[149][150] The Harris campaign sought to highlight her experience as an attorney general and a prosecutor to "prosecute the case" against Trump by pointing out his 34 felony convictions.[151] Harris ran as a moderate Democrat and moderated several of her policy positions since her 2019 run, with many of her domestic policy stances resembling Biden's.[152][153][18] Harris's stances also had a particular focus on reproductive healthcare, criminal justice, and civil rights issues.[18]

While the tone of the Harris campaign was initially optimistic and joyful,[154][155] it shifted into bleaker territory in the last month of the election, with Harris accusing Trump of fascism.[156][157] Another aspect of Harris's campaign messaging in July focused on branding Republicans, Trump, and vice presidential nominee JD Vance as "weird" on multiple occasions.[158] Such comments originated with Tim Walz, whom Harris later selected as her running mate, Harris, and others in the Democratic party.[159][160] This and the messaging shift towards "freedom" were departures from Biden's electoral arguments, which revolved around protecting democracy.[149]

Domestic issues

Kamala Harris at a "Fight for Reproductive Freedoms" roundtable in Grand Rapids, Michigan (Feb 2024)

Abortion

Harris supports national protections for abortion, which were reversed after Roe v. Wade (1973) was overturned by of Supreme Court with Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022). Under the Biden administration, she prominently campaigned for abortion rights.[19] In March 2024, Harris became the first sitting vice president to visit an abortion clinic, and she told Politico in July 2024 that "we need to put into law the protections of Roe".[161][162]

Cannabis

Harris has publicly stated support for full federal cannabis legalization, and removing it entirely from the Controlled Substances Act. Harris-Walz is the first major party presidential ticket to do so.[163][164] Harris has repeated this since becoming a candidate.[165]

Civil rights

Harris previously supported the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act.[19] Harris has supported demilitarizing police departments, and has pushed back against calls to defund the police.[153] Harris was tasked by Biden with protecting democracy through voting rights legislation through her work on the For the People Act. Harris has supported efforts to defend election workers and counter Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election.[19] Harris has stated her support to pass the Freedom to Vote Act and John Lewis Rights Voting Rights Advancement Act if elected.[166]

Climate change and energy

Harris is an advocate for environmental justice to address the impact of climate change on lower-income areas and people of color. Under Biden, she supported his climate legislation.[19] Harris helped pass the Inflation Reduction Act,[167] the largest investment in addressing climate change and clean energy in US history[168] putting the US on track to meet emissions reduction targets by 50–52% below 2005 levels by 2030.[169] Harris's campaign has stated that she does not support a ban on fracking.[170][153][152] In an interview in August 2024, Harris stated that if elected president she would not ban fracking.[171][better source needed]

Economy

Harris speaking to International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 7 in Big Bend, Wisconsin, in January 2024.

Harris has described herself as a pro-business, pragmatic capitalist and has invoked Franklin Roosevelt in describing her economic philosophy.[172] Harris's economic agenda has been described as populist, with policy proposals that depart from Biden's. Harris's proposals include plans to eliminate medical debts, controlling prices to combat perceived price gouging for groceries and food, a cap on prescription drug costs, and a $25,000 subsidy for first-time homebuyers. Harris proposes to eliminate taxes on tips and create a $6,000 child tax credit for the first year of a child's life, proposals that follow similar suggestions from her presidential competitors Trump and Vance, respectively.[21][20] Harris has also pushed to raise the minimum wage, ban hidden fees and late charges from financial institutions, and limit "unfair" rent increases.[173][174] Harris has opposed Trump's proposed 20% tax on imports.[175]

The New York Times described Harris's economic policy as embracing "the idea that the federal government must act aggressively to foster competition and correct distortions in private markets." Harris has proposed raising taxes on corporations and high-earners to fund services for the lower and middle classes and reduce the deficit. Harris has also proposed tax breaks to companies delivering economic benefit, such as manufacturing technologies to fight global warming and building affordable housing.[176] Harris has spoken in support of the middle class and labor unions.[177][178] Harris has stated she supports increasing the top tier capital gains tax rate to 28%, up from 20% and lower than Biden's proposed 39.6%. Harris has stated her support for a Billionaire Minimum Income Tax, increasing the tax on stock buybacks to 4%, and a ten-fold tax reduction for small business ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 in relief.[179] Harris has stated she supports efforts to create a tax on unrealized gains for those with more than a $100 million in net worth if they do not pay a minimum 25% tax rate on their income inclusive of unrealized gains so long as 80% of said wealth is in tradeable assets. The plan would impact a small percentage of America's wealthy, and Axios reported most tech founders and investors would be spared.[180] Harris has also announced support for restoring the corporate tax rate to 28% among several other tax proposals to raise taxes and close loopholes for corporations and the wealthy that would bring in $5 trillion in additional revenue over 10 years.[181]

The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget has estimated that Harris's policy proposals would increase the federal deficit by $1.7 trillion over a decade.[21] The Tax Foundation has estimated that her proposals would cost over $2 trillion over a decade. Harris's more populist proposals, such as her proposal to end taxes on tips and ban perceived price gouging, have been criticized by left-leaning economists as counterproductive. Other proposals, such as raising the minimum wage and raising tax credits, have met with more support from economists.[182][175] The New York Times reports that Harris's tax proposals have largely tracked Biden's, and in total add less debt burden than Trump's plans which are estimated to add $4 trillion to the debt after taxes.[183]

Prior to her nomination, Harris promoted the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, funding for small business, and supported an act as senator to provide a $6,000 tax credit for middle and low-income families.[19]

Gun control

Harris has expressed support for stricter gun control laws including: red flag laws, universal background checks, revoking certain gun manufacturers licenses, and a prohibition of the sale of assault weapons to civilians, all primarily intended to be implemented by executive actions.[184] As vice president, Harris oversaw the White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention.[185] Harris has stated that she owns a "Glock" handgun, a model of handgun which is restricted under California law.[186]

Harris speaking at an event on August 15, 2024, about lowering prescription drug prices

Healthcare

Harris has supported efforts to strengthen coverage under the Affordable Care Act,[153] including setting caps on seniors' out-of-pocket prescription drug prices at $2,000 and limiting the cost of insulin for those on Medicare to $35 enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act.[167] Harris has been a proponent of White House efforts to ban medical debt from credit reports.[177] Harris has stated she no longer supports a single-payer healthcare system.[153]

Housing

Harris has proposed directing $40 billion in tax incentives to construction companies for building starter homes and sending $25,000 in down-payment assistance to every first-time homebuyer.[176] Harris says she will urge Congress to enforce fair housing laws, pass a bill to bar property owners from using services that coordinate rents through the passage of the Preventing the Algorithmic Facilitation of Rental Housing Cartels Act, and pass the Stop Predatory Investing Act to remove tax benefits for Wall Street firms that buy up large numbers of single-family homes.[187][188] Her proposed housing policies are among the first to bring YIMBY ideas to the national political mainstream.[189][190]

Immigration

Harris has promised to fight for "strong border security" coupled with an earned pathway to citizenship. Following an August 2024 interview, Harris was described by immigration activists as positioning herself to be "tougher on immigration than Trump."[191][better source needed] Harris has highlighted her work in combating transnational gangs, drug cartels, and human traffickers while attorney general.[192] In 2023, as vice president, Harris announced pledges of US$950 million from private companies to support Central American communities to address the causes of mass migration, such as poverty.[19] While vice president, Harris supported a bipartisan bill, the Secure the Border Act, which would have funded additional border agents and closed the border if too crowded, and which was rejected by Trump. Trump called on House and Senate Republicans to kill the bill arguing that it would hurt his and other Republican's reelection campaigns and deny them the ability to run on immigration as a campaign issue.[193][194][195][196][197][198] Harris criticized Trump for his opposition to the bill on the campaign trail,[192] and promised to sign the bill into law as president.[199]

Harris stated she believes the immigration system is "broken" and needs to be fixed, and that she thinks most Americans also believe this.[19] Harris also advocates for stricter asylum rules than president Biden.[200] Her campaign video introduced on July 30, 2024, says, "Kamala Harris supports increasing the number of Border Patrol agents" and paints Trump as unserious on border security.[201]

LGBTQ rights

Harris is a strong supporter of LGBTQ people's rights.[202] In 2022, President Joe Biden signed the Respect for Marriage Act, which requires states to recognize same-sex marriages and interracial marriages in case the Supreme Court overturned marriage equality.[203] At the signing ceremony, Harris and others gave speeches,[204] and Biden presented Harris with a pen as recognition of years of work for marriage equality.[205] In 2023, Harris visited the Stonewall Inn and denounced legislative attacks on transgender rights in states across the country. In July 2024, Harris conducted a fundraiser in the LGBTQ hotspot of Provincetown, Massachusetts.[206][207]

Minimum wage

Harris supports raising the federal minimum wage. Harris has not given a number for a federal minimum wage she supports. She has posted on Twitter praising that some states have raised the minimum wage to at least $15 an hour.[208][209]

Social services

Harris has supported the expanded child tax credit enacted in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.[167] Harris has expressed support for making child care and elder care more affordable and enacting paid family leave. Harris has also expressed support for student debt relief.[177] On August 16, 2024, Kamala Harris announced the proposal of a $6,000 child tax credit, expanding her populist economic agenda. Other policies including expanding a cap on prescription drug costs and permanently reinstating the expanded child tax credit.[210]

Supreme Court

Harris has supported Biden's call for term limits for Supreme Court justices and a constitutional amendment to reverse its decision in Trump v. United States (2024).[211]

Foreign policy

China

During the 2020 vice presidential debate, Harris criticized former President Donald Trump's imposition of tariffs on Chinese imports, accusing Republicans of losing the trade war with China and losing hundreds of thousands of jobs as a result.[212]

Harris has advocated for "de-risking" from Beijing, a policy that encourages reducing Western economic dependence on China.[213] Harris is expected to continue deepening American alliances in Asia and the Pacific with the intention of curbing China's rising power both economically and militarily. Harris has previously spoken out against human rights abuses in Hong Kong and co-sponsored the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act and Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act.[214] As a senator, she condemned the persecution of Uyghur and minority women in western China and sponsored Marco Rubio's sanctions punishing human rights abuses in the region, and during the 2019 debates also criticized China for stealing "our products, including our intellectual property" and for dumping "substandard products into our economy".[215] Harris has previously stated her support of Taiwan's self-defense, criticized Chinese naval harassment of Philippine vessels, and supported freedom of navigation in the South China Sea.[216][214]

India

In 2019, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi repealed Article 370, ending the semi-autonomous status of Indian-administered Kashmir. Harris rebuked the move, saying "we must remind Kashmiris that they are not alone in the world."[217][218] In 2023, Harris entertained Modi at a state dinner and discussed her visiting her grandparents in Madras when she was growing up, the impact India has had on the world and their cooperation on topics like climate change, cybercrime and vaccine production.[219]

Israel and Palestine

Harris is seen as more sympathetic to Palestinians than Biden, who has described himself as a Zionist and has a long history with Israeli leaders.[220] Some analysts expect that Harris would continue to use a tougher tone with Israel, though U.S. policy toward Israel may not see a big shift if Harris is elected.[220] Regarding the Israel–Hamas war, she has specifically stated that she is against placing conditions on military aid to Israel though noted that how it defends itself matters.[221][212] Following Hamas's attack on Israel in November 2023, Harris strongly supported Israel's offensive,[222][212] stating that "the threat Hamas poses to the people of Israel must be eliminated".[19] However, since December 2023, she has criticized Israel's approach and the Gaza humanitarian crisis.[222][220] In March 2024, Harris opposed Israel's invasion of Rafah,[19] called for a six-week pause in the attacks,[223][212][19] and stated that the situation in Gaza is a "humanitarian catastrophe".[19]

Harris meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Harris was described by USA Today as "coming close to accusing Israel of war crimes" in one of her speeches, when she said international humanitarian law must be respected in the conflict.[224] Former Biden administration officials said in an interview with Politico that Harris was less committed to the Israel policy and that one official was "cautiously optimistic" she would change it.[216] Harris declined to preside over a speech by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on July 24, instead going to a campaign event.[225] After the speech, she condemned pro-Hamas protestors, pro-Hamas graffiti and the burning of an American flag at Union Station.[226] The next day, after she met with Netanyahu, she said, "Israel has a right to defend itself, and how it does so matters." She continued that Israel must agree to a ceasefire and hostage deal and work towards a two-state solution, emphasizing Palestinian suffering.[227] Before the rally, Harris had interacted with the co-founders of the Uncommitted National Movement, hearing stories from family members about the war. Harris reportedly agreed to meet with the activists, and was described by them as "sympathetic".[228][229][230] However, Harris's national security advisor said that she did not support an embargo.[231] Throughout August, Harris and her campaign met with Arab-American and Uncommitted leaders in metro Detroit, including Dearborn mayor Abdullah Hammoud.[232] However, in a CNN interview, Harris denied that she would shift policy from Biden and said that she would not end arms to Israel.[233] In September, the Uncommitted National Movement said it would not endorse Harris for president because of her "unwillingness to shift on unconditional weapons policy or to even make a clear statement in support of upholding existing US and international human rights law".[234][235] By October, the movement encouraged its members to vote for Harris, arguing a second Trump presidency would be much worse for Palestinians.[236]

NATO and Ukraine

Harris meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

Harris was expected and has signaled to generally follow Biden's foreign policy on NATO and Ukraine, supporting both in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[19][220]

Trade

While Harris described herself as "not a protectionist Democrat" during a 2019 primary debate, she has been critical of past free trade deals, stating she would have voted against the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1992 and the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) of 2016; in 2020, she voted against the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). However, trade has never been a major focus for Harris; as such, her positions are not entirely known.[215] The Center for Strategic and International Studies notes that she has said so little about trade that most analysts have to dig up these old votes and statements and assume that she will continue Biden's policies: for instance, President Biden has maintained most of Trump's tariffs on China and increased some of them, and so likely won't make significant changes.[237] The CATO Institute in 2020 noted that while Harris does not seem to be an economic nationalist, her terms of engagement are a bit unclear other than that she wants more labor and environmental protections.[238]

Endorsements

Main article: List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements
From left to right; Taylor Swift, Dick Cheney, Billie Eilish and Arnold Schwarzenegger were among the celebrities and public figures who endorsed Harris for president.

The Democratic Party quickly coalesced around her following Biden's withdrawal and his endorsement of Harris. The vast majority of Congressional Democrats endorsed Harris, including senior officials such as Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries, and former Speaker and House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi.[239][240] Additionally, all Democratic governors have endorsed Harris.[241] On July 21, former President Bill Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton endorsed Harris.[242] On July 26, former President Barack Obama and former First Lady Michelle Obama endorsed Harris in a joint statement.[243] On August 3, Jimmy Carter, the oldest surviving Democratic former president, endorsed Harris.[244] Some disaffected Republicans, including staunch critics of former President Donald Trump, such as former Vice President Dick Cheney and his daughter, former House Representative Liz Cheney, and former federal executive officials Alberto Gonzales and Stephanie Grisham have also come forward to endorse Harris.[245]

On September 10, 2024, American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift endorsed Harris for president in a highly publicized Instagram post, following the first debate between Harris and Republican nominee Donald Trump. Swift, explained her support for Harris and running mate Tim Walz, signing off as "Childless Cat Lady," a reference to comments made by Trump's running mate, JD Vance, about women without children. Meanwhile, Trump's campaign criticized the endorsement, arguing that it reflected the Democratic Party's alignment with "wealthy elites."[246] That same month, Billie Eilish and her brother Finneas O'Connell also endorsed Harris for president.[247] On October 3, 2024, Bruce Springsteen formally endorsed Harris for president describing the election as "one of the most consequential elections in our nation’s history" and calling Trump "the most dangerous candidate for president in my lifetime".[248]

In October 2024, Puerto Rican musicians Bad Bunny, Jennifer Lopez, Luis Fonsi, Ricky Martin, and Don Omar endorsed Harris after comedian Tony Hinchcliffe joked about Puerto Rico being an "island of garbage" during the Trump rally at Madison Square Garden.[249][250] On October 31, 2024, LeBron James endorsed Harris for president.[251] On November 2, 2024, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced his preference for Harris declaring that "if Kamala wins the election, it is much safer to strengthen democracy in the US".[252]

Pro-Palestinian criticism

See also: Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements
Pro-Palestine protesters march along Constitution Avenue before Harris' October 29, 2024, campaign speech on the Ellipse

The Harris campaign was opposed by some Arab Americans who expressed frustration with her stance on the Israel–Hamas war and 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon.[253] According to the Financial Times, Israel's wars "threatened to shatter" the advantage the Democratic Party once held amongst Arab Americans in Michigan.[254] An October 2024 poll by the Arab American Institute showing Arab American support tied between Harris and Trump.[255] The "Abandon Harris" movement, which encouraged Harris to change her position on Gaza, endorsed Jill Stein for president in October 2024.[256] The Uncommitted National Movement and Arab American Political Action Committee both declined to endorse a candidate.[257][258] U.S. House Representative Rashida Tlaib, the only Palestinian American in Congress, declined to endorse Harris for president.[259] A group of approximately 50 African-American Muslim community leaders signed an open-letter urging voters not to vote for Harris and instead vote for a candidate who supported both a ceasefire in Gaza and an arms embargo on Israel.[260]

In the finals weeks of the presidential campaign, the Harris campaign featured several controversial surrogates speaking on the topic of Gaza. In Michigan, the Harris campaign enlisted U.S. Representative Ritchie Torres, who emphasized that Harris's team had rejected a Palestinian-American speaker at the Democratic National Convention because she didn't want any speakers opposing Israel.[261] Also in Michigan, former-U.S. president Bill Clinton caused a backlash by criticizing Arab and Muslim Americans hesitant to support Harris, stating Israel had been "forced" to kill civilians.[262] His comments led the Institute for Middle East Understanding to state, "Bill Clinton’s racist and ahistorical remarks were meant to justify the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their land. The Harris campaign is doing itself no favors attaching itself to that kind of hateful rhetoric".[263]

Harris ultimately won fewer votes than Trump in Dearborn, Michigan, which has been nicknamed the "capital of Arab America"[264] and has one of the highest Arab-American concentrations in the United States. Biden had won the city in the 2020 United States presidential election by a substantial margin. The Detroit News cited disagreement with Biden's foreign policy towards Israel and economic frustrations as some of the reasons for Harris's loss.[265] The Times of Israel described the level of support towards Trump within Dearborn as "unimaginable" four years prior.[266]

Harris and Walz together at a campaign rally in Glendale, Arizona

Polling

A LOESS graph of presidential polling (June–Nov 2024)
Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

Since August 2024, Harris has generally held a narrow lead in the national popular vote while being statistically tied in the various swing states.[267] In addition, her favorability ratings significantly increased among Democrats and independents in polling following her campaign launch.[22] An August poll by the Council on American-Islamic Relations of Muslim-Americans showed that support for Harris (29.4%) was nearly tied with Green Party nominee Jill Stein (29.1%). Harris still received nearly four times the support as Biden had in a prior poll (7.3%).[268]

Nationally, Harris runs consistently behind Clinton and Biden, faring similar in swing states. Harris began outrunning Trump nationally and in swing states, hitting far better marks than Biden for 2024. Three weeks out, Harris began slipping, with many swing states becoming dead heat races.[269]

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