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Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign

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Jimmy Carter for President 1980
Campaign1980 Democratic primaries
1980 U.S. presidential election
CandidateJimmy Carter
39th President of the United States
(1977–1981)
Walter Mondale
42nd Vice President of the United States
(1977–1981)
AffiliationDemocratic Party
StatusAnnounced: December 4, 1979
Presumptive nominee: June 3, 1980
Official nominee: August 11, 1980
Lost election: November 4, 1980
Left office: January 20, 1981
SloganA Tested and Trustworthy Team
This article is part of
a series about
Jimmy Carter
76th Governor of Georgia
39th President of the United States
Policies
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Post-presidency
Jimmy Carter's signature
Seal of the President of the United States

In the 1980 United States presidential election, incumbent president Jimmy Carter and incumbent vice president Walter Mondale were defeated by Republican presidential nominee Ronald Reagan and vice presidential nominee George H. W. Bush.

President Carter launched his presidential re-election bid on December 4, 1979. He had low approval during his term; many people thought Carter mishandled the Iran hostage crisis, inflation, and severe economic downturn.[1] In the 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he was challenged by U.S. senator Ted Kennedy, whose campaign was formally launched on November 7, 1979. Carter lost 12 states and Washington, D.C., but won the remaining states and received the Democratic nomination with 1,984 delegates on August 11, 1980.

Reagan and Bush challenged Carter and Mondale in the general election.[2] Reagan talked the most about the hostage crisis and the economy. In the second debate between Carter and Reagan, Reagan openly criticized him over the crisis; some said it was for that reason that Carter lost the election.[3] On November 4, Carter was defeated by Reagan, receiving 49 electoral votes and 41 percent of the popular vote.

Background

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Jimmy Carter, born in Plains, Georgia, the 39th president of the United States at that time, served in the United States Navy and passed the United States Naval Academy. He then ran for the Georgia State Senate and was successful. In 1971, he participated and continued to win, elected Governor of Georgia. Carter's family history was once a traditional farmer.[4]

Birch Bayh and Joe Biden's letter support Jimmy Carter's 1976 presidential campaign

Carter participated in his first presidential campaign on December 12, 1974, he participated in the 1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he defeated all his opponents with 1,130 delegates, he was then nominated in the 1980 Democratic National Convention, during his 1976 campaign, he challenged then-president Gerald Ford over the Vietnam War and the economy as well as the quality of people's lives at that time.[5]

Carter debated with Ford three times from September 23 – October 22, 1976, after the debate, he then won the U.S. presidential election on November 2, 1976 with 297 electoral votes and 50.1% popular votes, was one of the elections with the most disparate vote rates. He assumed the presidency on January 20, 1977 and served in the White House for four years before Ronald Reagan defeated him on November 4, 1980 and took office on January 20, 1981.

Nomination

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1980 Democratic primaries

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Main articles: 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries and 1980 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
See also: Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign

In the Democratic presidential primaries, Carter faced a viable candidate, Senator Ted Kennedy. Kennedy addressed the crisis in Iran, rising oil prices and economic stagnation. He also spoke about the low approval ratings of the Carter administration towards the end of its term.[6] In response, Carter said that if Kennedy ran against him in primary election, he would "kick his ass".[7] In the Massachusetts primary, Carter lost to Kennedy with 34 delegates compared to Kennedy's 78 delegates, this was a setback for Carter and he became the most recent president to lose a state primary until President Joe Biden lost to Jason Palmer in American Samoa,[8] although he still won most of the states and only missed 12 states and Washington D.C..

After the Democratic primaries ended, Carter received a total of 1,984 delegates and 51.1% popular votes compared to Kennedy with about 1,237 delegates and 37.6% popular votes, this was one of the rare times that a sitting president won. lose the most delegates to others, as well as the number of popular votes, because Carter's approval numbers at the end of his term remained very low.[9]

1980 Democratic National Convention

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Main article: 1980 Democratic National Convention

After winning the Democratic primaries, Carter was re-nominated at the Democratic National Convention in Madison Square Garden, New York City, where he again chose Walter Mondale as his vice presidential running mate, Although he chose Mondale to be vice president, Mondale still had to go to the election round in 1980, this would also be the last time the Democratic Party voted to elect a vice president but faced opposition, Mondale received 2,429 delegates.[10]

The 1980 convention was notable as it was the last time in the 20th century, for either major party, that a candidate tried to get delegates released from their voting commitments, done by Ted Kennedy. Kennedy spoke on August 12 and gave a speech in support of President Jimmy Carter and the Democratic Party. Kennedy's famous speech finally ended with the lines: "For me, a few hours ago, this campaign ended. For all those whose concern is the concern of us, the work continues, the cause lives on, the hope lives on, and the dream will never die." His speech was written by Bob Shrum.[11]

President Carter gave his speech accepting the party's nomination on August 14. This was notable for his gaffe intended to be a tribute to Hubert Humphrey, whom he referred to as "Hubert Horatio Hornblower".[12] Carter received 2,123 delegates, Kennedy 1,151, Proxmire 10 and other candidates received under 6 delegates. The total were 3,315 delegates.[13]

Main competitor

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Main articles: 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries, 1980 Republican National Convention, and 1980 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection
See also: Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign
President Carter and presidential candidate Reagan debating on October 28, 1980 in Cleveland, Ohio.

Ronald Reagan, a member of the Republican Party as well as former Governor of California and an actor, announced his 1980 presidential campaign on November 13, 1979, after which he participated in the presidential primaries of the Republican Party and won 1,407 delegates, he then chose George H. W. Bush as vice president at the 1980 Republican National Convention, where he won the nomination to face Carter in the 1980 general election and would be inaugurated on January 20, 1981.[14] Reagan frequently criticized Carter for the crisis in Iran, economic stagnation, rising inflation, and falling approval ratings. Carter criticized Reagan's age and his indiscretions, saying "he lacks the connection with his home California voter base to oppose him", Carter also added that Reagan "is a warmonger and cannot be trusted with his nuclear arsenal".[15][16] Carter attempted to deny Reagan's campaign $29.4 million (equivalent to $108,718,255 in 2023) in campaign funds, dependent on conservative groups that raised $60 million to help he was elected—an amount exceeding the campaign fund limit. Carter's effort was later rejected by the Federal Election Commission.[15]

Endorsements

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Main article: 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries § Endorsements

Here are the lists of Carter supporters in the presidential primaries:

List of Jimmy Carter endorsements
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Federal Officials
Governors
State Officials
Municipal Officials
Individuals

Election day

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Main article: 1980 United States presidential election
Map of the 1980 U.S. presidential election, red represents Reagan winning that state, blue represents Carter winning that state/district.

On November 4, 1980, Carter lost the election to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan. Reagan won 489 electoral votes and 50.8% of the popular vote while Carter only received 49 electoral votes and 41.0% of the popular vote. Reagan carried 44 states while Carter only carried 6 states with Washington D.C., this is one of the elections where the presidential candidate defeated the incumbent president in a landslide, Carter only kept Georgia, Minnesota, Washington D.C., Rhode Island, West Virginia and Hawaii for him.[57]

Before the election, both Carter and Reagan debated in Cleveland, Ohio on October 28, 1980, where the two talked about military, economics, inflation, politics, and the hostage crisis in Iran, Reagan later famously said during the debate which "Are you better off than you were four years ago?" to refer to inflation and Carter's economy compared to four years ago when it was worse.[58]

Results

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Electoral results
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral
vote 		Running mate
Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote
Ronald Reagan Republican California 43,903,230 50.75% 489 George H. W. Bush Texas 489
Jimmy Carter (incumbent) Democratic Georgia 35,480,115 41.01% 49 Walter Mondale (incumbent) Minnesota 49
John B. Anderson Independent Illinois 5,719,850 6.61% 0 Patrick Lucey Wisconsin 0
Ed Clark Libertarian California 921,128 1.06% 0 David Koch Kansas 0
Barry Commoner Citizens Missouri 233,052 0.27% 0 LaDonna Harris Oklahoma 0
Gus Hall Communist New York  44,933 0.05% 0 Angela Davis California  0
John Rarick American Independent Louisiana  40,906 0.05% 0 Eileen Shearer California  0
Clifton DeBerry Socialist Workers California  38,738 0.04% 0 Matilde Zimmermann New York  0
Ellen McCormack Right to Life New York  32,320 0.04% 0 Carroll Driscoll New Jersey  0
Maureen Smith Peace and Freedom California  18,116 0.02% 0 Elizabeth Cervantes Barron California  0
Other 77,290 0.09% — Other —
Total 86,509,678 100% 538 538
Needed to win 270 270

Source – Official 1980 Presidential Election Results

Aftermath

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Further information: Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan and First inauguration of Ronald Reagan
Outgoing President Carter meets with President-elect Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan.

After Carter's 1980 campaign failed he became involved in many national and international public policy, conflict resolution, human rights, and philanthropic activities through the Carter Foundation. Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002 for his post-presidential work in finding peaceful solutions to international conflicts.[59]

Carter and Reagan both lived post-presidency for more than 15 years. Reagan died in 2004 due to his worsening Alzheimer's disease, Carter attended his funeral.[60]

Carter is the oldest living former president, at age 100.[61]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "1977–1981: The Presidency of Jimmy Carter". Archived from the original on 2024-03-30. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  2. ^ Shogan, Colleen (2004-11-24). "Reagan's 1980 Campaign" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  3. ^ "PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE OF 1980 | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University". case.edu. 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  4. ^ "Jimmy Carter". The Carter Center. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  5. ^ Krukones, Michael G. (1985). "The Campaign Promises of Jimmy Carter: Accomplishments and Failures". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 15 (1): 136–144. ISSN 0360-4918. JSTOR 27550171.
  6. ^ Davies, Dave (2019-01-17). "How Ted Kennedy's '80 Challenge To President Carter 'Broke The Democratic Party'". NPR. Archived from the original on 2024-03-14. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  7. ^ "Press: Whip His What?". Time. 1979-06-25. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  8. ^ Reporter, James Bickerton US News (2024-03-06). "Joe Biden is first incumbent president to lose a primary in 44 years". Newsweek. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  9. ^ Perry, Tim (2016-05-23). "Political Playback: A look back at the 1980 Democratic Convention – CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  10. ^ "Article clipped from Hawaii Tribune-Herald". Hawaii Tribune-Herald. 1980-08-10. p. 2. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  11. ^ Boddy, Kasia (2015-02-01), "Sports at The New Yorker", Writing for The New Yorker, Edinburgh University Press, doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748682492.003.0009, ISBN 978-0-7486-8249-2, retrieved 2024-04-27
  12. ^ "Carter Blows the Horn Of the Wrong Horatio". The New York Times. 1980-08-15. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
  13. ^ Madrigal, Irene (2021-08-12). "The 1980 Democratic National Convention At Madison Square Garden". Untapped New York. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
  14. ^ "Ronald Reagan: Campaigns and Elections | Miller Center". millercenter.org. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  15. ^ a b c "The Michigan Daily – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  16. ^ "Carter Says Reagan Injects Racism". Washington Post. 2023-12-23. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  17. ^ a b c d "Dallas, Texas Remarks at a Dallas County Democratic Committee Voter Registration Rally". 21 July 1980.
  18. ^ a b c "Remarks at a Reception for Civic and Community Leaders in Perth Amboy, New Jersey". 9 September 1980.
  19. ^ a b c "Lakeland, Florida Remarks at a Rally With Area Residents". 31 October 1980.
  20. ^ a b c d "St. Louis, Missouri Remarks at a Rally With Area Residents". 30 October 1980.
  21. ^ a b c d e "1980 Ohio Democratic Primary". Our Campaigns. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Tuscumbia, Alabama Remarks at a Campaign Rally at Spring Park". 1 September 1980.
  23. ^ a b c d e "Remarks to Employees of Startex Mills in Starrex, South Carolina". 16 September 1980.
  24. ^ a b c d "Tacoma, Washington Remarks to Employees at the Continental Grain Terminal". 23 September 1980.
  25. ^ a b c "Boston, Massachusetts Remarks to Senior Citizens". 15 October 1980.
  26. ^ a b c d e "Saginaw, Michigan remarks at a rally With Area Residents". 30 October 1980.
  27. ^ a b c "Clemmons, North Carolina Remarks at a Carter/Mondale Fundraising Reception". 9 October 1980.
  28. ^ a b "Niagara Falls, New York Remarks at the Annual Convention of the Civil Service Employees Association". 1 October 1980.
  29. ^ a b c d e "Milwaukee, Wisconsin Remarks at a Reception with Carter/Mondale Supporters". 1 November 1980.
  30. ^ a b c "Waco, Texas Remarks at a Rally With Local Residents". 22 October 1980.
  31. ^ "Beaumont, Texas Remarks to Employees of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation". 22 October 1980.
  32. ^ a b c d "New York, New York Remarks at a Meeting With Civic and Community Leaders". 13 October 1980.
  33. ^ a b c d e "Texarkana, U.S.A. Remarks at a Rally with Local Residents". 22 October 1980.
  34. ^ a b c "Waterville Township, Ohio Remarks to Area Residents". 25 October 1980.
  35. ^ a b "Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania Remarks to City Residents". 20 October 1980.
  36. ^ a b "Remarks to Employees of the Ford Automobile Assembly Plant in Wayne, Michigan". 1 October 1980.
  37. ^ a b "Beaumont, Texas Remarks Upon Arrival at Jefferson County Airport". 22 October 1980.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g "Tri-City Municipal Airport, Tennessee Remarks at a Carter/Mondale Rally". 9 October 1980.
  39. ^ a b "Remarks at a Meeting With the Congregation of the Concord Baptist Church and State and Local Officials in New York, New York". 20 October 1980.
  40. ^ a b c d "Houston, Texas Remarks at a Rally With Area Residents". 31 October 1980.
  41. ^ a b c "San Jose, California Remarks at City Hall". 23 September 1980.
  42. ^ "Brownsville, Texas Remarks at a Rally With Area Residents". 1 November 1980.
  43. ^ a b "Fort Worth, Texas Remarks at a Rally with Area Residents". 1 November 1980.
  44. ^ a b c "Remarks at the Zion Baptist Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania". 3 September 1980.
  45. ^ a b c d "New York, New York Remarks at the International Ladies Garment Workers Union 37th Tri-Annual Convention". 29 September 1980.
  46. ^ "San Antonio, Texas Remarks at a Rally With Area Residents". 1 November 1980.
  47. ^ a b "Newark, New Jersey Remarks to Local Ministers and Community Leaders". 29 October 1980.
  48. ^ a b c d e "Remarks at a Meeting With Southern Black Leaders in Atlanta, Georgia". 16 September 1980.
  49. ^ "Marion, Illinois Remarks to Carter/Mondale Supporters". 13 October 1980.
  50. ^ "Abilene, Texas Remarks at a Rally with Area Residents". 1 November 1980.
  51. ^ "Remarks at a Barbecue for Carter/Mondale Workers in Lyman, South Carolina". 16 September 1980.
  52. ^ "1980 Massachusetts Democratic Primary". Our Campaigns. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  53. ^ "Remarks to Democratic Leaders From Downstate Illinois in Springfield, Illinois". 22 September 1980.
  54. ^ "Chicago, Illinois Remarks at a Voter Registration Rally". 6 October 1980.
  55. ^ a b c d "Politics and Hollywood". The Washington Post. March 8, 1980. Archived from the original on June 7, 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  56. ^ a b "Remarks at the Annual Conference of the American Federation of Teachers in Detroit, Michigan". 22 August 1980.
  57. ^ "THE ELECTION OF 1980" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 23, 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  58. ^ "Are You Better Off Than You Were 4 Years Ago?". www.hks.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  59. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2002". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  60. ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth; Becker, Elizabeth (2004-06-08). "THE 40TH PRESIDENT: THE PLANS; Down to the Last Detail, a Reagan-Style Funeral". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  61. ^ Chile, Patricio (October 1, 2024). "Former President Jimmy Carter turns 100: A look back at his legacy". ABC News. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
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