Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 36

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 36 running from name Malthus to name Mason.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 36 Malthus - Mason. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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^ Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834), political economist; was educated by his father, at Warrington dissenting academy and Jesus College, Cambridge: M.A., 1791; fellow, 1793; curate at Albury, Surrey, 1798; published Essay on Population 1798, in which he laid down that population increases in geometrical, and subsistence in arithmetical proportion only, and argued necessity of 1 checks on population in order to reduce vice and misery: travelled abroad, 1799 and 1802; professor of history and political economy at Haileybury College, 1805; published 'The Nature and Progress of Rent 1815, in which he laid down doctrines generally accepted by later economists; F.R.S., 1819, and member of foreign academies; supported factory acts and national education; disapproved of the poor laws; as exponent of new doctrine had great influence on development of political economy.
^ James Malton (d. 1803), architectural draughtsman and author; son of Thomas Malton the elder
^ Thomas Malton , the elder (1726–1801), architectural draughtsman and writer on geometry.
^ Thomas Malton , the younger (1748–1804), architectural draughtsman: son of Thomas Malton the elder; exhibited at Academy chiefly architectural views of great accuracy of execution; published A Picturesque Tour through... London and Westminster 1792.
^ Sir John Maltravers (1266–1343?), knighted, 1306; conservator of the peace for Dorset, 1307, 1308, and 1314; served in Scotland between 1314 and 1322, 1327 and 1331; sent to serve in Ireland, 1317, in Guienne, 1325.
^ John Maltravers, Baron Maltravers (1290?-1365), knighted, 1306; knight of the shire for Dorset, 1318; sided with Thomas of Lancaster and Roger Mortimer; fled abroad after battle of Boroughbridge, 1322; keeper of Edward II, 1327, whom he is said to have harshly treated; justice in eyre and keeper of the forests: accompanied Edward III to France as steward, 1329; concerned in death of Edmund, earl of Kent, 1330; summoned to parliament as Baron Maltravers, 1330; constable of Corfe Castle, 1330; on fall of Mortimer was condemned to death for his share in the murder of the Earl of Kent, and fled abroad: allowed to return, 1345; subsequently employed by the king.
^ William of Malvern , alias Parker (d. 1535), last abbot of St. Peter's, Gloucester, 1514; D.O.L., 1508, and D.D., 1515, Gloucester Hall, Oxford: attended parliament; added largely to the Abbey buildings.
^ John Malverne (d. 1414?), historian ; prior of Worcester; author of continuation of Higden's Polychronicon 1346-94.
^ John Malverne (d. 1422?), physician and priest : prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1405; wrote De Remediis Spiritualibus et Corporalibus...
^ William Malvoisin (d. 1238), chancellor of Scotland and archbishop of St. Andrews; chancellor, 1199-1211; bishop of Glasgow, 1200; corresponded with archbishop of Lyons; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1202; energetically vindicated rights of his sec; founded hospitals and continued building of cathedral; vi.-itul Rome; treated with King John in England, 1215.
^ Gerard Malynes, Malines, or Demalines (fl.–1686-1641), merchant and economic writer; commissioner of trade in Netherlands, c. 1586, for establishing par of exchange, 1600, and on mint affairs, 1609; consulted by council on mercantile questions; attempted unsuccessfully development of English lead and silver mines; ruined by undertaking farthing coinage; pro-ystem of puwnbrokiiii; under L'overnuient control . pour from usurers; published A Treatise of the Canker of England's Commonwealth ... 1601, Consuetude vel Lex Mercatoria... 1622, and other important works; one of the first English writers to apply natural law to economic science.
^ Henry Man (1747–1799), author; deputy-secretary of the South Sea House and colleague of Charles Lamb; contributed essays to Morning Chronicle; his works collected, 1802.
^ Man or MAIN, James (1700?-1761), philologist; M.. King College, Aberdeen, 1721; exposed errors in Ruddiuiau edition of Buchanan in A Censure 1768.
^ John Man (1512–1669), dean of Gloucester : of Winchester College and New College, Oxford: fellow, 1531: M.A., 1538: expelled for heresy, bat (1547) made president of White Hall, Oxford; warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1562; dean of Gloucester, 1566-9: ambassador to Spain, 1567; published Common places of Christian Religion 1563.
^ Manasseh Ben Israel (1604–1657), Jewish theologian and chief advocate of readmission of Jews into England; studied at Amsterdam: became minister of the synagogue there; formed friendships with Isaac Vossius and Grotius; established press for Hebrew printing, 1626; published Spes Israelis 1660; sent petition to the Long parliament for return of Jews into England; was encouraged by sympathy of Cromwell, but his request was refused by council of state, 1652; subsequently he petitioned Cromwell again and wrote in defence of his cause, 1655, after which Jews were tacitly allowed to settle in London and opened a synagogue; received pension of 1001. from Cromwell; published theological works.
^ Aaron Manby (1776–1850), engineer; ironmaster at Wolverhampton and founder of Horseley Ironworks, Tipton; took out patent for (but did not Invent) oscillating engine 1821; built the Aaron Manby, 1822, first iron steamship to go to sea and first vessel to make voyage from London to Paris; founded Charenton works, 1819; obtained concession with others for lighting Paris with gas, 1822; bought Creusot Ironworks, 1826.
^ Charles Manby (1804–1884), civil engineer ; son of Aaron Manby; assisted his father in England and Prance; manager of Beaufort ironworks, South Wales, 1829; civil engineer in London, 1836; secretary to Institution of Civil Engineers, 1839-56; F.R.S., 1853.
^ George William Manby (1765–1854), inventor of apparatus for saving life from shipwreck; brother of Thomas Manby; schoolfellow of Nelson at Durham; joined Cambridgeshire militia; barrack-master at Yarmouth, 1803; invented apparatus for firing line from mortar to wreck, successfully used, 1-808, and afterwards extensively employed; invented other life-saving apparatus; F.R.S., 1831; published miscellaneous works.
^ Peter Manby (d. 1697), dean of Derry; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin: chancellor of St. Patrick's, 1666; dean of Derry, 1672; turned Roman catholic, but was authorised by James II to retain deanery, 1686; retired to France after battle of the Boyne; published controversial religious works.
^ Peter Manby (fl. 1724), son of Peter Manby (d. 1697); Jesuit.
^ Thomas Manby {fl. 1670–1690), landscape-painter,
^ Thomas Manby (1769–1834), rear-admiral; brother of George William Manby q. v.; entered navy, 1783, and served on various ships and stations; convoyed ships to West Indies, on the Bordelais, 1799, and engaged in small successful fight with French ships, 1801; convoyed ships again to West Indies, 1802, on the Africaine, a third of the crew dying from yellow fever on the voyage home; commanded small squadron on voyage to Davis Straits, 1808; rear-admiral, 1825.
^ Dukes of Manchester . See MONTAGU, CHARLES, first DUKE, 1660?-1722; MONTAGU, GEORGE, fourth Duke, 1737-1788; MONTAGU, WILLIAM, fifth Duke, 1768-1843.
^ Earls of Manchester. See MONTAGU, Sir Henry, first Earl; 1563-1642: MONTAGU, Edward, second EARL, 16O2-1671; MONTAGU, Robert. 1634-1683;Charles, fourth EARL, 1662-1722)
^ William Manderstown (fl. 1515-1540), philosopher; studied at Paris University; rector, 1525; published philosophical works.
^ Robert Mandevil (1578-1618), puritan divine; M.A., St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, 1603; wrote Timothies Taske, published 1619.
^ Bernard Mandeville] (1670?-1733), author of the Fable of the Bees; native of Dort, Holland; M.D. Leyden, 1691; settled in England, where he was known for his wit and advocacy of dram drinking: published The Grumbling Hive (poem), 1705, republished with Inquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue and The Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices Public Benefits 1714, and again with Essay on Charity and Charity Schools and a Search into the Nature of Society 1723. His Fable maintaining the essential vileness of human nature, was widely controverted.
^ Geoffrey de Mandeville, first Earl of Essex (d. 1144), rebel; constable of the Tower of London : detained there Constance of France after her betrothal to Eustace, son of King Stephen; created Earl of Essex, before 1141; got possession of vast lands and enormous power by giving treacherous support to the king and the Empress Maud and betraying both: arrested by Stephen, 1 143, and deprived of the Tower and other castles: raised rebellion in the fens, but was fatally wounded in fighting against Stephen at Burwell. xxx.
^ Sir John Mandeville , was the ostensible author of a book of travels bearing his name, composed soon after middle of the fourteenth century, purporting to be an account of his own journeys in the east, including Turkey, Tartary, Persia, Egypt, India, and Holy Land, but really a mere compilation, especially from William of Boldensele and Friar Odoric of Pordenone, and from the 'Speculumof Vincent de Beauvais; his work written originally in French, from which English, Latin, German, and other translators were made. The author of this book of travels certainly died 1372, and was buried in the church of the Guillemius at Liege in the name of John Mandeville. Probably this name was fictitious, and its bearer is to be identified with Jean de Bourgogne or Burgoyue, chamberlain to John, baron de Mowbray, who took part in rising against Despeusers, and on Mowbray's execution (1322) tied from England.
^ William de Mandeville or Magnavilla, third EARL OF ESSEX and EARL or COUNT OF Aumâle (d. 1189), son of Geoffrey de Mandeville, first earl of Essex ; knighted by Philip of Flanders and brought up at Philip's court; became Karl of Essex on death of his brother, 1166; came over to England, 1166: accompanied Henry II abroad and remained faithful during rebellion, 1173-5; took part in crusade with Philip of Flanders, 1177-8; married heiress of Aumale, 1180, mm linn is and title; ambassador to Emperor Frederic 1, 1 1: took part wit li Henry II in hi* French warn; remained with Henry till the last; made a chief justiciar by Richard 1, 1189; died at Rouen; founded several religious !.;;--.
^ John Manduit (ft. 1310). see Mauduith.
^ Sir James Manfield (1733–1821). See Mansfield.
^ James Mangan , commonly called James Clarence (1803–1849), Irish poet: lawyer's clerk ; later employed in library of Trinity College, Dublin, and Irish ordnance survey office; contributed prose and verse translations and original poems to various Irish journals and magazines; wrote for the Nation* and 'United Irishman but was prevented from keeping regular employment by his indulgence in drink: probably the greatest of the poet* of Irish birth: published Gorman Anthology 1845, and other volumes.
^ Thomas Mangey (1688–1755), divine and controversialist; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1711; fellow, 1715, and D.D.; held livings of St. Nicholas Guildford, Haling, and St. Mildred's, Bread Street, London: canon oi Durham, 1721; edited Philonis Judaei Opera, 4 1742. 9m
^ Edward Mangin (1772–1852), miscellaneous write Tof Hurtirm.t decent: M.A. Balliol College, OxSl 1795- prebendary of Killaloe; lived at Bath and time to literary study; published, among 1 An Essay on Light Reading 1808.
^ James Mangles (1786–1867), captain R.N. and traveller- saw much service abroad; travelled with Charto Leonard Irby, 1816, their letters being published in Murray's Home and Colonial Library 1844; published a few miscellaneous works.
^ Ross Donnelly Mangles (1801–1877), chairman of East India Company: educated at Eton and East India Company's College at Haileybury; writer in Bengal civil service, 1819; deputy-secretary in general departments 1832: secretary to government of Bengal in judicial and revenue departments, 1835-9; liberal M.P. for Guildford, 1841-58; director of East India Company, 1847-57; chairman, 1857-8; member of council of India, 1858-66; published writings on Indian affairs.
^ Richmal Mangnall (1769–1820), schoolmistress of Crofton Hall, Yorkshire; works include Historical and Miscellaneous Questions 1800.
^ Frederick Edward Maning (1812–1883), the PakCha Maori: his father an emigrant to Van Diemen's Land, 1824: went to New Zealand, 1833; married Maori wife and settled among the natives: a judge of the native lands court, 1865-81; author of Old New Zealand 1863, and History of the War... in 1845
^ Antony Manini (1750–1786), violinist; played and tan-lit in provinces and at Cambridge as leading violinist; taught Charles Hague
^ Sir Henry Manisty (1808–1890), judge; solicitor, 1830; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1845; Q.C., 1857; judge, 1876; knighted, 1876.
^ Mrs Mary De La Riviere Manley (1663–1724), author of the New Atalantis; daughter of Sir Roger Manley; drawn into false marriage with her cousin, John Manley, his wife being then alive; lived with Duchess of Cleveland; subsequently brought out Letters 1696, several plays, some of which were acted with success, and fell into disreputable course of life: published The New Atalantis 1709, in which whigs and persons of note were slandered, and was arrested, but j escaped punishment; published Memoirs of Europe... written by Eginardus 1710, and Court Intrigues 1711; j attacked by Swift in the Tatler(No. 63); succeeded Swift as editor of the Examiner 1711, and was assisted by him: wrote several political pamphlets and defended herself from attacks by Steele in the Guardian; brought out Luciusat Drury Lane 1717; published works, i nt- hiding The Power of Love 1720; mistress for some years of Alderman Barber.
^ Sir Roger Manley (1626?–1688), cavalier; fought for the king, but was exiled to Holland, 1646-60; lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1667-74; subsequently governor of Landguard Fort: published History of Late Warres in Denmark 1670, and De Rebellione 1686.
^ Thomas Manley (1628–1690), author; barrister, Middle Temple, r. 1650; K.C., 1672; published several legal works and a pamphlet,Usury at Six per cent. against Oulpeper's tract,Usury 1669, as well as The Present State of Europe... found languishing, occasioned by the greatness of the French Monarchy 1689.
^ Edward Manlove (. 1667), poet and lawyer; wrote Liberties and Customs of the Lead Mines 1653 (in verse), and other works.
^ Timothy Manlove (d. 1699), presbyterian divine and physician; probably grandson of Edward Manlove; minister at Leeds; published religious works.
^ Gother Mann (1747–1830), general, inspector-general of fortifications, colonel-commandant, R.E.; served in Dominica, 1776-8; employed in tour of survey of northeast coast of England, 1781; commanding R.E. in Canada, 1786-91 and 1794-1804: served under Duke of York in Holland, 1793; colonel-commandant, R.E., 1805, and general, 1821; inspector-general of fortifications, 1811; several of his plans for fortifying Canada still preserved.
^ Sir Horace Mann, first baronet (1701–1786), British envoy at Florence; friend of Horace Walpole and made by Sir Robert Walpole assistant to Fane, envoy at Florence, 1737, becoming Fane's successor, 1740-86; communicated with government principally on subject of Young Pretender, who resided at Florence; kept np artificial correspondence, extending to thousands of letters, with Horace yalpole, 1741-85, valuable as illustrating Florentine society; created baronet, 1755; K.B., 1768.
^ Nicholas Mann (d. 1753), master of the Charterhouse, 1737; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1707, and fellow; scholar, antiquarian, and author.
^ Robert James Mann (1817–1886), scientific writer; educated for the medical profession at University College, London; practised in Norfolk, but soon devoted himself more especially to literature; published series of scientific text-books which had large circulation; contributed to various publications; M.D. St. Andrews, 1854; superintendent of education in Natal, 1859; emigration agent for Natal in London, 1866; member of numerous learned societies.
^ Theodore Augustus Mann , called the Abbé Mann (1735–1809), man of science, historian, and antiquary; sent to London to study for legal profession, 1753*; proceeded, unknown to his parents, to Paris, 1754, read Bossuet and turned Roman catholic; on outbreak of war went to Spain, 1756, and was given commission in O'Mahony's dragoons; became monk in the English Chartreuse, Nieuport, 1759, and prior, 1764; appointed imperial minister of public instruction at Brussels, 1776; wrote memoirs on various practical projects for imperial government and numerous educational primers; travelled; secretary and treasurer of Brussels Academy, 1786; F.R.S., 1788; retired to England, 1792, during French irruption; at Prague, 1794; published works in French and English, miscellaneous papers, and catalogues, reports, and letters.
^ William Mann (1817–1873), astronomer; grandson of Gother Mann; assistant at Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope; erected transit-circle with native aid, 1855, and made valuable observations.
^ Mrs Catherine Manners, afterwards Lady Stepney (d. 1845). See Stepney.
^ Charles Manners, fourth Duke of Rutland (1754-1787), eldest son of John Manners, marquis of Granby; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1774; M.P., Cambridge, 1774; opposed government policy in America; succeeded to dukedom, 1779; lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire, 1779; K.G., 1782; lord-steward, 1783; privy councillor, 1783; resigned on formation of coalition government, but lord privy seal in Pitt's ministry; lord lieutenant of Ireland, 1784, advocated union and passed, with some concessions, Pitt's commercial propositions through Irish parliament; gave magnificent entertainments and made a tour through the country, 1787; died at Phoenix Lodge, Dublin, from fever.
^ Charles Cecil John Manners , sixth Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), M.P. : strong protectionist, and supporter of George Bentinck; succeeded to title, 1857; K.G., 1867.
^ Edward Manners , third Earl of Rutland (1549-1587), son of Henry Manners, second earl of Rutland; displayed great devotion to Elizabeth; filled numerous offices: lord-lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire; K.G., 1584; commissioner to try Mary Queen of Scots, 1686; lord-chancellor designate, April 1587, dying the same mouth.
^ Francis Manners , sixth Earl of Rutland (1578-1632), brother of Roger Manners, fifth earl; travelled abroad; took part in Essex's plot, 1601; succeeded to earldom, 1612; lord-lieutenant of Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire; held several offices; K.G., 1616: privy councillor, 1617: admiral of the fleet to bring home Prince Charles from Spain, 123.
^ George Manners (1778–1853), editor and founder of the Satirist 1807, a scurrilous periodical; consul at Bostou, U.S.A., 1819-39; published miscellaneous works.
^ Henry Manners, second Earl of Rutland (d. 1563), son of Thomas Manners; succeeded to earldom, 1543: knighted, 1644: chief-justice of Sherwood Forest, 1647; took part in Scottish operations; attended embassy to France, 1661; belonged to the extreme reformers party; lord-lieutenant of Nottinghamshire, 1552, of Rutland 1559; imprisoned at Mary's accession, 1663: admiral, 1666: general in French war, 1667; favourite of Elizabeth; K.G., 1669; lord president of the north, 1661, and ecclesiastical commteioner for York.
^ John Manners , eighth Earl of Rutland (1604–1679), descended from Thomas Manners, first earl of llnthind; succeeded to earldom, 1642; moderate parliamentarian; took covenant, 1643; filled various offices; at the Restoration rebuilt Belvoir, which had been dismantled; lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire, 1667.
^ John Manners (1609–1696). See Simcocks.
^ John Manners , ninth Earl and first Duke of Rutland (1638–1711), son of John Manners, eighth earl of Rutland: succeeded to earldom, 1679; lord lieutenant of Leicestershire, 1677, dismissed, 1687, and restored, 1689; assisted in raising forces for William of Orange in Nottinghamshire; created Marquis of Qranby and Duke of Rutland, 1703.
^ John Manners, Marquis of Granby (1721–1770), lieutenant-general; colonel of royal horse guards (blues); eldest son of John Manners, third duke of Rutland ( 1696-1779); of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; travelled with his tutor, John Ewer; M.P. for Grautham and subsequently for Cambridge; colonel of 'Leicester bluesat Jacobite invasion, 1746; served in Flanders, 1747; colonel of the blues, 1768; lieutenant general, 1759; commanded blues at Minden, 1769, where his advance was stayed by orders of Lord George Sackville; succeeded latter as commander-in-chief of British contingent, 1769; performed brilliant services at Warburg, 1760, Fellinghausen, 1761, Gravenstein, Wilhelmstabl, heights of Homburg, and Cassel, 1762; master-general of the ordnance, 1763; twelfth commander-in-chief, 1766; savagely assailed by Jnnius; retired from office, 1770; lord-lieutenant of Derbyshire,
^ Sir Robert Manners (d. 1355?); M.P., Northumberland, 1340; constable of Norham before 1345; fought at Neville's Cross, 1346.
^ Sir Robert Manners (1408–1461), sheriff, 1454, and M.P. for Northumberland, 1459.
^ Lord Robert Manners (1758–1782), captain, R.N.; son of John Manners, marquis of Granby; served under Rodney and Hood and took part in actions off Ushant, 1778, Cape St. Vincent, 1779, Cape Henry, 1781, and Dominica, 1782, where he was fatally wounded.
^ Roger Manners , fifth Earl of Rutland (1576-1612), son of fourth earl; educated at Queensand Corpus Christi Colleges, Cambridge; M.A., 1595; travelled abroad, * Profitable Instructions being written for him, probably by Bacon; knighted by Essex in Ireland, 1599; steward of Sherwood Forest, 1600; took part in Essex's conspiracy, 1601, and was heavily fined; K.B., 1603; lord-lieutenant of Lincolnshire, 1603.
^ Thomas Manners , first Earl of Rutland and thirteenth Baron Ros (d. 1543), became Baron Ros on bis father's death, 1513: took part in French expedition, 1513; present at Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1620; favourite of Henry VIII, receiving numerous grants and offices; warden of the east marches and of Sherwood Forest; K.C., 1525; created Earl of Rutland, 1525; took active part against northern rebels, 1536; constable of Nottingham Castle, 1542.
^ Charles Manners-Sutton (1755–1828), archbishop of Canterbury; brother of Thomas Manners-Sutton, first baron Manners; fifteenth wrangler, 1777, and M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1780; D.D., 1792; rector of Averham-with-Kelham and Whitwell, 1785; dean of Peterborough, 1791; bishop of Norwich, 1792-1806; dean of Windsor, 1794; favourite of royal family; archbishop of Canterbury, 1805-28; active in church revival.
^ Charles Manners-Sutton, first Viscount Canterbury (1780-1845), speaker of the House of Commons; son of Charles Monners-Sutton, arch i.,-1:.,;,,,: i M -.. bridge; MJL, 180 Inn, 1806; tory II. bf uatalta i M. privy councillor, Ireland, 1812, and Residence Bill, 181 MM i:; M -.. 1833; created Baron Bottesf ord and Viscount Can 1835.
^ John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton, third Viscount Canterbury; son of Manners-Sutton, first Viscount Canterbury q. v.: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 18M: M.P., Cambridge 1841-7; under home secretary (1841-4) in Peel's administration; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1864-61; governor of Trinidad, 1864-,and Victoria, 18661),73: K.C.B., 1866; succeeded to title, 1869; K.c.M.., 1873; published Lexington Papers 1861.
^ Thomas Manners-Sutton, first Baron Manners (1756–1842), lord chancellor of Ireland : grandson of the third Duke of Rutland; fifth wrangler, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1777; M.A., 1780; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1780; obtained large chancery practice; M.P., Newark-upon-Trent, 1796-1805; Welsh judge, 1797; K.C., 1800, and solicitor-general to Prince of Wales, 1800; solicitor general, 1802; knighted, 1802; serjeant-at-law and baron of exchequer, 1805; created Baron Manners and privy councillor, 1807; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1807-27: removed O'Hanlon from bench for supporting catholic claims; took active part in proceedings against Queen Caroline, 1820; opposed catholic claims, 1828.
^ James Mannin (d. 1779), flower-painter.
^ Anne Manning (1807–1879), miscellaneous writer ; sister of William Oke Manning; contributed to 'Sharpe's Magazine 1849,The Maiden and Married Life of Mistress Mary Powell (frequently reprinted); was known thenceforward as the 4 author of Mary Powell; her best works are historical tales of the sixteenth century.
^ Henry Edward Manning (1808–1892), cardinal-priest; educated at Balliol College, Oxford, under Charles Wordsworth, and with William Ewart Gladstone; M.A., 1833; obtained post in colonial office, 1830: fellow, Merton College, 1832; curate of Woollavington-curnGraffbam, 1832, and rector, 1833: rural dean, 1837: archdeacon of Chichester, 1840; select preacher at Oxford, 1842; published The Unity of the Church an able expoition of Anglo-catholic principles, and Sermons 1844; disapproved of Tract XGY and preached antipapal sermon at Oxford on Guy Fawkes* day, 1843: voted against William George Ward's degradation by the Oxford convocation, 1846; travelled abroad and (1848) visited Pius IX; supported resistance to government grants ill aid of elementary schools, 1849; protested against Gorham judgement, 1860, ami wrote The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Crown in Matters Spiritual denying the jurisdiction; resigned archdeaconry and became Roman catholic, 1851; published The Grounds of Faith 1862; superior of Congregation of the Oblates of St. Charles at Bayswater, 1857: occupied himself in preaching, education, mission work, and literary defence of papal temporal power; appointed at Rome domestic prelate and monsignore, 1860; published letters To an Anglican Friend 1864, and on The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England addressed to Pusey; nominated Roman catholic archbishop of Westminster, 1865: published The Temporal Mission of the Holy Gh and 1875: as archbishop was autocratic and a thorough ultramontane; established Westminster Education Fund, 1868; supported infallibility of the pope, and published 'Petri PrivilegitinV 1871, and National Education 187J, in favour of voluntary teaching: contributed articles to various papers defending his orthodoxy and ultramontane theory; published The Vatican Decrees 1875, in answer to William Ewart Gladstone; published in the Daily Telegraph letters on the infallibility of the Roman church, in answer to Lord Redesdale, 1876 (reprinted, 1875); cardinal, 1875; carried on crusade against drink; a zealous philanthropist: sat on royal commisrinns on boosing of the poor. 1884-5, and Education Acts, 18801887, and published articles on those topics; favoured 3ll2 Gladstone's domestic politics in later life; great pr.:-lr and ecclesiastical statesman: of apcvtu- T.-np.T: a subtle but speculative controversialist; pntilisli.il in late years rnal Priesthood 1883, sermons, and other works.
^ James Manning (1781–1866) serjeant-at-law ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1817; leader of western circuit: learned especially in copyright law: recorder of Sudbury, 1836-66, and Oxford and Banbary, 1867-66; serjeant-atUw, 1840, and queen's ancient serjeant, 1846: judge of Whitechapel County Court, 1847; published legal works.
^ Marie Manning (1821–1849), murderess ; nee de Hoax; native of Lauanne; married Frederick George Manning, publican, 1 847, and with him murdered O'Connor at Bermondsey, 1849, both being condemned and executed.
^ Owen Hanking (1721–1801), historian of Surrey; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1744; B.D.,1763; fellow and incumbent of St. Botolph, Cambridge, 1741; obtained several other preferments; rector of Godalming, 17631801; prebendary of Lincoln, 1767 and 1760; collected materials for history of Surrey, afterwards published with additions by William Bray (1736-1832), 1804-9-14; completed Lye's Saxon dictionary, 1772, and annotated The Will of King Alfred 1788.
^ Robert Manning (d. 1731), Roman catholic controversialist; professor at Douay English college: missioner in England; works include The Shortest Way to end disputes about religion 1716.
^ Samuel Manning , the younger (fl. 1846), sculptor; son of Samuel Manning (d. 1847).
^ Samuel Manning (d. 1847), sculptor; executed bust of Warren Hastings statue in Westminster Abbey; exhibited statuary at Royal Academy.
^ Samuel Manning (1822–1881), baptist minister at Sbeppard's Barton, Somerset, 1846-61; editor of the 'Baptist Magazine general book editor of Religious Tract Society, 1863, and joint-secretary, 1876.
^ Thomas Manning (1772–1840), traveller and friend of Charles Lamb; scholar of Caius College, Cambridge, and private tutor: studied mathematics and made acquaintance with Porson and Lamb; studied Chinese at Paris, 1800-3; studied medicine and left for Canton, 1807, but failed to penetrate into China; went to Calcutta, 1810, and travelled from Rangpur to Lhasa, 1811, the first Englishman to enter Lhasa; returned to Canton, 1812; accompanied Lord Amherst to Pekin as Interpreter, 1816; returned to England, 1817; considered first Chinese scholar in Europe; wrote mathematical works.
^ William Manning (1630?–1711), ejected minister; perpetual curate of Middleton, Suffolk; ejected, 1662; took out licence as congregational teacher at Peasenhall, 1672; became Socinian; published sermons.
^ William Oke Manning (1809–1878), legal writer; nephew of James Manning (1781-1866); published Commentaries on Law of Nations 1839.
^ John Manningham (d. 1622), diarist; student of Middle Temple and utter barrister, 1606; his diary (1602-1603), of considerable value, was first printed by the Camden Society in 1868.
^ Sir Richard Manningham (1690–1769), man-midwife; son of Thomas Manningham; LL.B. Cambridge, 1717; M.D.; F.R.S., 1720; knighted, 1721; chief man-midwife of the day: attended Mary Toft, and published Exact Diary on the case, 1726; published Artis Obstetricariae Compendium 1740, and other works.
^ Thomas Manningham (1661?–1722), bishop of Chichester; scholar of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1671-81; M.A., 1677; D.D. Lambeth, 1691; obtained various preferments; dean of Windsor 1709; bishop of Chicbester, 1709; published sermons.
^ John Mannock (1677–1764), Benedictine monk ; made profession at Donay, 1700; chaplain to Canning family; procurator of southern province, 1729; published religious works.
^ Sir Walter de Manny or Mauny, afterwards Baron de Manny (d. 1372). military commander and founder of the Charterhouse, London; native of Hainault; esquire to Queen Philippa; knighted, 1331; distinguished himself in Scottish wars; was rewarded with lands and governorship of Merioneth (1332) and Harlech Castle (1334); admiral of northern fleet, 1337, capturing Guy de Rickenburg in the Scheldt; according to Froissart took French castle of Tlmn 1'Eveque with only forty lances on defiance of French king, 1339; served throughout campaign and won distinction at Sluys, 1340; sent by Edward III to assist Countess of Montfort against Charles of Blois, 1342; accompanied Earl of Derby in successful Gascony campaigns; according to Froissart conducted siege of Calais, and was summoned to parliament as baron, 1346; sent to negotiate in France, 1348, and in Netherlands, 1361; received grants of land; accompanied Edward III to Artois, 1356; present at siege of Berwick, 1355; took part in Edward's French campaigns, 1359-60, and negotiated in his name; a guarantor of treaty of Bretigni and guardian of King John of France at Calais, 1360; K.G., 1359; ordered to Ireland, 1368; accompanied John of Gaunt in Invasion of France, 1369; obtained licence to found house of Carthusian monks, i.e. the Charterhouse in London, 1371; one of the ablest of Edward III's soldiers.
^ Robert Mannyng, or Robert de Brunne (fl. 1288-1338), poet; native of Bourne, Lincolnshire; entered Sempringham priory, 1288; wroteHandlyng Synne (edited, 1862), theChronicle of England(first part edited by Dr. Furnivall, second part by Hearne), neither original works, but of great literary value; also probable author of Meditacyuns (edited, 1875).
^ Charles Grenville Mansel (1806–1886), Indian official; filled various posts at Agra; member of Punjab administration, 1849, resident of Nagpur, 1850.
^ Henry Longueville Mansel (1820–1871), metaphysician; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London, where he wrote verses; scholar, St. John's College, Oxford; obtained double first 1843; tutor, and ordained, 1844; strong tory and high churchman; professor fellow 1864; reader in theology at Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1856; wrote article on metaphysics in Encyclopaedia Britannica 1857; Bampton lecturer, 1858; engaged in controversy with Maurice, Goldwin Smith, and Mill; select preacher, 1860-2, and 1869-71; professor of ecclesiastical history, 1866-8; lectured onThe Gnostic Heresies 1868; dean of St. Paul's, 1868-71; published Phrontisterion 1850, Prolegomena Logica 1851, The Limits of Demonstrative Science 1853, Man's Conception of Eternity 1854, and other metaphysical works; contributed to The Speaker's Commentary and to Aids to Faith; follower of Sir William Hamilton, and, with Veitch, edited his lectures, 1859.
^ Mansel or Maunsell (d. 1265), keeper of the seal and counsellor of Henry III; son of a country priest; obtained post at exchequer, 1234; accompanied Henry III on expedition to France, 1242-3, and greatly distinguished himself; keeper of the great seal, 1246-7, and subsequently; ambassador to Brabant, 1247; had considerable influence with Henry III; sent on missions to Scotland, Brabant, France, Germany, and Brittany; concerned in Edward's marriage to Eleanor of Castile, 1254, in the election of Richard, king of the Romans, 1257, and in the abandonment of English claims on Normandy, 1258; member of the committee of twenty-four and council of fifteen, 1258; followed Henry III to France: the king compelled to dismiss him, 1261; obtained papal bull releasing Henry III from his obligations, 1262; accompanied Henry III to France, 1262; on civil war breaking out, escaped to Boulogne, 1263; present at mise of Amiens, 1264; died in France in great poverty; said to have held three hundred benefices; by supporting the king's measures acquired much odium, but was a capable and diligent administrator.
^ William Lort Mansel (1763–1820), bishop of Bristol; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1777; fellow, 1777; D.D., 1778: tutor; master, 1798; vice-chancellor, 1799-1800; held livings of Bottisham and Chesterton; appointed bishop of Bristol by Perceval, a former pupil, 1808; well-known wit and writer of epigrams; author of sermons.
^ Francis Mansell (1579–1665), principal of Jesus College, Oxford; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1611; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1613; D.D., Itii'i; principal of Jesus College, 1MO; after expelling nevenil retired from office; again principal, 1630-47; treasurer of Ls*nd*fl mid prebendary of St. David's, 1631; benefactor of the college; assisted royalists in Wales, 1643-7; ejected from Jesus College, 1647; reinstated, 1660.
^ Sir Robert Mansell (1573–1656), admiral; served in Cadiz expedition and was knighted, 1596; took part in The IslandsVoyage 1597; held commands off Irish coast, 1599-1600; active in arresting accomplices of Essex and captured Hansa ships, 1601; M.P., King's Lynn, 1601, Carmarthen, 1603, Carmarthenshire, 1614, Glamorganshire, 1623-5, Lostwithiel, 1626, and Glamorganshire, 1628: intercepted Portuguese galleys, 1602; vice-admiral of the Narrow Seal, 1001; treasurer of the navy, 1604; accompanied Earl of Nottingham on Spanish mission, 1605; imprisoned in the Marshalsea for alleged political disaffection, 1613; vice-admiral of England, 1628; commanded unsuccessful expeditions against Algiers, 1620-1; obtained glass monopoly, 1615.
^ Sir Thomas Mansell (1777–1858) rear-admiral; present at actions off Lorient, 1795, Cape St. Vincent, 797, and battle of the Nile, 1798; promoted lieutenant by Nelson; held various commands and captured 170 ships K.G.H., 1837; rear-admiral, 1849.
^ Earls of Mansfield . See MURRAY, WILLIAM, first EARL, 1705-1793; MURRAY, DAVID, second EARL, 1727-1796.
^ Charles Blachford Mansfield (1819–1855), chemist and author; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1849; discovered method of extracting benzol from coal-tar, 1848, and published pamphlet; joined Maurice and Kingsley in efforts for social reform (1848-9), and contributed to Politics for the People and Christian Socialist; published Aerial Navigation 1850, and delivered lectures at Royal Institution on chemistry of metals, 1851-2; visited Buenos Ayrea and Paraguay, 1852-3; published Theory of Salts 1855; died from accident by burning.
^ Henry de Mansfield (rf. 1328). See Maunsfield.
^ Sir James Mansfield (originally Manfield) (1733-1821), lord chief-justice of common pleas; fellow, King's College, Cambridge, 1754; M.A., 1758; barrister, Middle Temple, 1768; adviser of Wilkes, 1768, Duchess of Kingston, and others; K.O., 1772; M.P., Cambridge University, 1779-84; solicitor-general, 1780-2, and in I coalition ministry, 1783; chief-justice of common pleas and knighted, 1804.
^ Sir William Rose Mansfield , first Baron Sandhurst (1819–1876), general; grandson Of Sir James Mansfield; joined 63rd foot, 1835; distinguished himself in first Sikh war, Punjab war, 1849, and under Sir Colin Campbell on Peshawur frontier; military adviser to British ambassador at Constantinople, 1855: consul-general at Warsaw, 1856; chief of the staff to Sir Colin Campbell in Indian mutiny, 1857; present at relief and siege of Lucknow and tight at Cawnpore, when his conduct was much criticised; served in campaigns in Rohilcund, Oude, and other operations; commander of Bombay presidency, 1860; commander-in-chief in India, 1865; in Ireland, 1870: general, 1872; K.O.B., 1867; created Baron Sandhurst, 1871; G.C.S.I., 1866; G.C.B., 1870; D.C.L. Oxford, 1870; Irish privy councillor, 1870.
^ Henry Manship (fl. 1562), topographer; directed construction of Yarmouth harbour; his Greate Yermouthe printed, 1847.
^ Henry Manship (d. 1625), topographer; son of Henry Manship q. v.; town clerk of Yarmouth, 1679-85; dismissed from corporation, 1604: managed Yarmouth affairs in London, again falling into disgrace, 1616; published History of Great Yarmouth 1619; died in poverty.
^ David Manson (1726–1792), schoolmaster; began life as farmer's boy at Cairncastle, co. Antrim; opened school there and afterwards (1755) one at Belfast and also a brewery; published school-books.
^ George Manson (1850-1876), Scottish artist: executed woodcuts for Chambers Miscellany disciple of Ik-wick and painter of homely subjects.
^ Richard Mant (1776–1848), bishop of Down, Connor, and Dromore; scholar of Trinity College. Oxford; fellow of t ri,-i College, Oxford. 1798; gained chancellor's prize with essay On Commerce 1799; M.A., 1801; 5.D.. iMlft; vicar of Coggeshall, Essex, 1810; Bampton lecturer, 1811; chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury, 1818; rector of St. Botolph's, 1816, and East Horsley, 1818; bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenoragh, 1820; translated to Down and Connor. 1823, Dromore being added, 1842; built many new churches; published poetical, theological, miscellaneous, and historical works, including History of the Church of Ireland 1840.
^ Walter Bishop Mant (1807–1869), divine; son of Richard Mant; archdeacon of Down, antiquarian, and author of works in prose and verse.
^ Thomas Mante (fl. 1773), military writer; author of History of the late War in America 1772, and other works.
^ Gideon Algernon Mantell (1790–1852), geologist; ton of a shoemaker; articled to, and finally partner of Lewes surgeon; devoted himself to natural history and geology and made noted collection; removed to Brighton, 1835, and lectured; published The Wonders of Geology 1838, and other geological works, besides papers published by Royal and Geological Societies, setting forth his extensive investigation* and discoveries; F.R.S., 1826; hon. F.R.G.S., 1844.
^ Joshua Mantell (1795–1865), surgeon and horticultural writer; brother of Gideon Algernon Mantell
^ Sir Thomas Mantell (1751–1831), antiquary ; F.S.A., 1810; surgeon at Dover and mayor; knighted, 1820; published Cinque Porte 1828, and other works.
^ John Manton (d. 1834), gunmaker; brother of Joseph Mantou
^ Joseph Manton (1766?–1835), gunmaker : took out several patents for improvements in guns, 1792-1825, and other inventions; bankrupt, 1826.
^ Thomas Manton (1620–1677), presbyterian divine; B.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1639; ordained, 164O: lecturer at Cullompton and (c. 1645) obtained living of Stoke Newington; one of the scribes to Westminster Assembly; disapproved of Charles I's execution; attended Christopher Love on the scaffold and preached funeral sermon, 1651; rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, 1656; drew up with Baxter and others Fundamentals of Religion 1668; one of the deputies to Breda, and chaplain to Charles II; took part in religious conferences and was created D.D. Oxford, 1660: left St Paul's, Covent Garden, 1662, and held meetings elsewhere in London; arrested, 1670; preacher at Pinners Hall. London, 1672; discussed accommodation with Tillotson and Stillingfleet, 1674; the most popular of the presbyterians; published religious works.
^ Cosmo Manuche or Manucci (fl. 1652), dramatist; of Italian origin; probably member of household of James Compton, third earl of Northampton; captain and major of foot in king's army during civil war; subsequently obtained employment under the Protector. Twelve plays have been assigned to him, three of which were published, The Just General 1652, The Loyal Lovers 1652, and The Bastard* (issued anonymously), 1652; of the remaining nine plays which were formerly in manuscript at Castle Ash by only one is still known there.
^ Roger Manwaring or Maynwaring (1590-1663), bishop of St. David's; D.D. All Souls College, Oxford; rector of St Giles in- the- Fields. London, 1616: chaplain to Charles I; preached sermons before Charles I on Religion and Allegiance 1627, asserting peril of damnation of those who resisted taxation levied by royal authority; on being sentenced to imprisonment, fine, and suspension, made retractation; received several preferments; dean of Worcester, 1633: bishop of St. I's, 1638; was deprived of vote in House of Lords by David Short parliament, 1640; imprisoned and persecuted by Long parliament.
^ John Manwood (d. 1610), legal author: relative of Sir Roger Manwood; barrister, Lincoln's Inn: jtLtice rftbe New Forest; published A Brefe Collection of the Lawes of the Forest 1692 (enlarged, 1615).
^ Sir Peter Manwood (d. 1625), antiquary ; son of Sir Roger Manwood q. v.; student of the Inner Temple, 1683; represented between 1688 and 1621 Sandwich, Saltash, Kent, and New Komuey; sheriff of Kent, 1602; ILlL, 1603: patron of learned men at St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, an. I mentioned with great respect by Camden; published part of Williams's Actions of the Lowe Countries 16ia
^ Sir Roger Manwood (1525–5692), judge; barrister. Inner Temple, 1555: recorder of Sandwich, 1556-66, and steward of chancery and admiralty courts, Dover; M.P., Hastings, 1555, Sandwich, 1558: granted by Elizabeth manor of St. Stephen's, Kent; friend of Sir Thomas Graham and Archbishop Parker, and founded with the latter grammar school at Sandwich; supported treason bill, 1571; judge of common pleas, 1572-8; with bishops of London and Rochester convicted of anabaptism two Flemings, who were burnt, 1575; showed himself severe towards enemies of the government; knighted, 1578; chief baron of the exchequer, 1578-92; member of Starchamber, which sentenced Lord Vaux of Harrowden, 1681; member of commission at Fotheringay, 1586; rebuked by Elizabeth for sale of office, 1591; accused of various malpractices and arraigned before privy council, 1592.
^ Walter Map or Mapes (fl. 1200), mediaeval author and wit; probably native of Herefordshire; studied in Paris under Girard la Pucelle; clerk of royal household and justice itinerant; accompanied Henry II abroad, 1173 and 1183; sent to Rome, 1179; canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, Lincoln, and Hereford; precentor, and, later, chancellor of Lincoln; archdeacon of Oxford from 1197; author of De Nugis Curialium, a collection of anecdotes and legends of considerable interest and of satirical purport (edited, 1850); probably also author, or largely author, of Lancelot and perhaps of some of the satirical Goliardic verse; specimens of his wit preserved by Giraklus.
^ John Maplet (d. 1592), miscellaneous writer; fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1564; M.A., 1567; vicar of Northolt, Middlesex, 1576; wrote A Greene Forest (natural history), 1567, and The Diall of Destinie 1581.
^ John Maplet (1612?-1670), physician; M.A., 1638, and M.D., 1647, Christ Church, Oxford; principal of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1647; travelled in France with third Viscount Falkland and went to Holland; ejected from Oxford appointments; practised medicine at Bath; "tft-M*d at Oxford, 1660; author of miscellaneous works in Latin, prose and verse.
^ John Mapletoft (1631–1721), physician and divine; nephew of Robert Mapletoft; educated at Westminster School; scholar and fellow (1653) of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1655, and M.D., 1667 (incorporated at Oxford, 1669); tutor to Earl of Northumberland's son; practised medicine in London with Sydenham and became intimate with John Locke; travelled abroad; Gresham professor of physic, 1675-9; successively rector of Braybrooke and St. Lawrence Jewry, London; lecturer at Ipswich, 1685, and St. Christopher's, London, 1685; D.D. Cambridge, 1690; F.R.S., 1676; works include The Principles and Duties of the Christian Religion 1710.
^ Robert Mapletoft (1609–1677), dean of Ely M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1632; fellow of Pembroke College, 1631; chaplain to Bishop Wren; rector of Bartlow, 1639; ejected, 1644; officiated privately at Lincoln: D.D. at Restoration by royal mandate; sub-dean of Lincoln, 1660; master of Spitul Hospital, 1660, reviving the charity; rector successively of Clay worth and Soham; master of Pembroke, 1664-77; vice-chancellor, 1671-2; dean of Ely, 1667-77; founded educational institutions.
^ Earls of Mar . See John Erskine, first or sixth Earl of the Erskine line, d. 1572 ; EIWKINB, JOHN, second or seventh EARL, 1558-16S4; ERSKIXK, JOHN, sixth or eleventh EARL, 1675-1732: STBWAJIT, ALEXANDER, EARL 99 MAU, 13767-1435; STEWART, JOHN, EARL OF MAR, 1467 7-1479 7; CocHRAXK, ROHKRT, EARL OP MAR, d. 1482; STKWAKT, LORD JAMES, EARL OF MAR, 153171570.
^ Donald, tenth Earl of Mar (d. 1297), son of William Mar, ninth earl of Mar; supported Edward I's suzerainty over Scotland; revolted, 1294, but returned to allegiance after battle of Dunbar, 1296.
^ Donald Mar, twelfth Earl of Mar (1293?-1332), grandson of Donald Mar, tenth earl of Mar, and nephew of Robert Bruce; brought to England, 1306; was exchanged, 1314, after Banuockburn, but returned, preferring England; received grants; keeper of Newark Castle, 1321; joined Scots in raid, 1327; regent of Scotland, 1332; defeated by Baliol at Dupplin Moor and slain.
^ Thomas , thirteenth Earl of Mar (d. 1377), son of Donald Mar, twelfth earl of Mar; Scottish commissioner to treat for peace with England, 1351, and hostage chamberlain of Scotland, 1358; entered service of Edward III, 1359; his castle seized by David II, 1361, and himself imprisoned, 1370; present at coronation of Robert II, 1371.
^ William, ninth Earl of Mar (d. 1281?), one of the regents of Scotland, 1249, and great chamberlain, 1252-5; commanded expedition to reduce chiefs of Western Isles, 1263.
^ Mrs Gertrude Elizabeth Mara (1749–1833), vocalist; nte Schmeling; native of Cassel; violinist, but became singer; studied under Paradisi and Hiller: a better vocalist than actress; engaged by Frederick II at Berlin, 1771; married Johann Mara, who ill-treated her; escaped from Berlin, 1778, and toured on the continent; did not please Mozart; sang in London, 1784-7 and 17901802, chiefly in Handel's music; settled at Moscow till 1812; ruined by the burning of Moscow, 1812; sang again in London, 1816; died at Revel; Goethe sent her a poem for her birthday, 1831.
^ William de Mara (fl. 1280), Franciscan ; studied at Paris under Bonaventura and Roger Bacon; wrote Correctorium (criticism of Thomas Aquinas), first printed at Strasburg, 1501, and other works.
^ Marbeck or Merbeck (d. 1585?), musician and theologian; lay-clerk and afterwards organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1541; Calvinist; arrested for possessing heretical writings, 1543; sentenced to be burnt, but pardoned through Gardiner's instrumentality, 1544; published his Ooncordace 1550 (the earliest concordance of whole English bible), The Boke of Common Praier noted 1650, adaptation of plain chant to liturgy of 1549, and several other works, besides musical compositions,
^ Roger Marbeck, Markbeeke, or Merbeck (1536-1605), provost of Oriel College, Oxford, and physician; son of John Marbeck; student of Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1558; senior proctor and public orator; elegant latinist, and twice pronounced oration before Elizabeth; prebendary of Hereford and canon of Christ Church; provost of Oriel, 1565; resigned all Oxford offices on account of discreditable marriage; M.D., 1573; fellow and registrar of London College of Physicians and physician to Queen Elizabeth; accompanied Howard in Cadiz expedition, 1596, and wrote account.
^ Alexander John Gaspard Marcet (1770-1822), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1797; physician and chemical lecturer at Guy's Hospital, London; professor of chemistry at Geneva, 1819; F.R.S., 1815; published medical and chemical papers.
^ Mrs Jane Maecet (1769–1858), writer for the young; formerly Haldimand; of Swiss birth; married Alexander John Gaspard Marcet, 1799; wrote popular scientific text-books, which obtained large circulation; her Conversations on Political Economy 1816, praised by Macaulay.
^ Earls of March , in the English peerage. See Roger Mortimer Roger Mortimer (IV) DE, first EARL, 1287?-1330 MnuTi.MKU ROGER (V) DB, second EARL, 13277-1360 MORTIMER, EDMUND ril) DE, third EARL, 1351-1381 MORTIMER, ROGER (VI) DE, fourth EARL, 1374-1398 MORTIMER. EDMUND (IV) DB, fifth EARL, 1391-1425.
^ Earls of March , in the Scottish peerage. See Patrick Dunbar, svcnd KKI., rj-vi 1 39 ; STBWABT, AU:AIKR, 1454?-ll. r: D..I.II.A-. WILLIAM, third EARL of the Douglas family, 1724-1810.
^ March Mus. 1*25-1*77). See Mary Ann Virginia Gabriel.
^ John March (1612-1657), legal writer: employed by council of state during Common wealth In various capacities; justice in Scotland, I;.V2; wrote Actions for Slander 1648,Reports, 1 1648, Amicus lleipublicaj, 1 1661, and other works.
^ John March (1640–1692), vicar of Newcastle: educated at Queen's College and St. Edmund Hall, Oxford: M.A., 1664: B.D., 1674; tutor and (1664-78) vice-president of St. Edmund Hall: vicar successively of Embleton, 1672-9, and Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1679-92, and proctor for Durham: strong churchman and l !. -ndM passive obedience; published sermons and aVindiration 1689.
^ William March, De La Marche or De Marchia (d. 1302), treasurer, and bishop of Bath and Wells; clerk of the chancery, clerk of the king's wardrobe, c. 1286; treasurer, 1290-5; prominent offlc-inl during Edward I's absence; received various preferments; bishop of Bath and Wells, 1293; became unpopular through Edward I's exactions; removed from treasury, 1295; built chapter-house at Wells; much venerated, 'miracles' being wrought at his tomb.
^ Nathaniel Marchant (1739–1816), gemengraver and medallist; stadied under Edward Burch and at Rome; exhibited at Royal Academy; R.A., 1809; F.S.A.; assistant-engraver at the mint, 1797: produced intaglios of great merit and delicacy; published catalogue, 1792.
^ Giuseppe Filippo Liberati Marchi (1735?–1808), painter and engraver; assistant to Sir Joshua Reynolds; excelled as a mezzotint-engraver and copyist.
^ John Marchiley (d. 1386?). See Mardisley.
^ Earls of Marchmont . See HUME, SIR PATRICK, first EARL, 1641-1724: CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER, second EARL, 1675-1740; HUME, HUGH, third EARL, 1708-1 794.
^ John Marckant (fl. 1562), contributor to Sternhold and Hopkins's Metrical Psalter 1562; vicar of Clacton-Magna, 1559, and Shopland, 1663-8; wrote other works.
^ Robert Samuel Marcuard (1751–1792?), engraver.
^ John Mardeley (fl. 1548), clerk of the mint and author.
^ John Mardisley (d. 1386?), Franciscan; provincial minister: D.D. Oxford before 1355; denied pope's temporal power in council at Westminster, 1374.
^ Sir Peter De La Mare (. 1370). See De La Mare.
^ Thomas De La Mare (1309–1396), abbot of St. Albans: entered St. Albans, 1326; prior of Tynemouth, 1340: abbot of St. Albans, 1349: skilful administrator: member of Edward Ill's council; zealous defender of rights of abbey against exactions of the pope and of powerful courtiers, including Alice Perrers, as well as against recalcitrant tenants; his abbey threatened in peasant rising, 1381, when tenants extorted privileges, afterwards withdrawn; benefactor of the abbey; spent much on the maintenance of scholars at Oxford.
^ Maredudd ab Owain (d. 999?), Welsh prince ; son of Owain ap Hywel Dda, whom he succeeded, 988.
^ Maredudd ab Bleddyn (l. 1132), prince of Powys; brother of lorwerth and Cadwgan; led resistance to invasion of Henry I, 1121: eventually became lord of all Powys.
^ Philip Marett or Maret (1568?–1637), attorney-general of Jersey, 1609; became involved in complicated feud with John Herault, the bailiff, ordered to make submission by privy council, and imprisoned on refusal; lieutenant-governor, 1632. xxxvi. 131;
^ Sir Robert Pipon Marett (1820-1884), attorney-general and bailiff of Jeney; descendant oi Philip M ; disting Le Ueyt, ished judg dited ript* of Philip 1847; wrote poem* in Jeney
^ John Marfeld (fl. 1393). See Mirfeld.
^ St Margaret . (. 1093), queen of Scotland and sister of Edgar AtheUng; went to Scotland with him soon after Conquest, and married Malcolm II I.e. 10*7; :man use introduced into Scotland; reformed manners and custom*: educated her ton* with gnat care; died after hearing of -l.mifl.ter of Malcolm her husband, and her eldest Km; canonised, 1260.
^ Margaret (1240–1275), queen of Scots: eldest daughter of Henry III of England: married Alexand.-r 1 1 1 of Scotland, 1261: was treated unkindly, hut eventually was provided with proper household; her tyrannical guardians, Robert de Km and John Baliol, punished, Kirlish influence being restored, 1265: visited England with lier husband, 1256 and 1260: gave birth to eldest hiM, Margaret, 12G1, to Alexander, 1264, and David, 1270: visited Henry III, 126K, awl attended Edward I's coronation, 1274.
^ Margaret (1282?-1318), queen of Edward I; daughter of Philip III of France: married Edward, as his second wife, 1299; gave birth to three children: Thomas. 1300, Edmund, 1M, and Margaret, 1306: crowed to Boulogne to be present at Edward I I's marriage, 130H.
^ Margaret of Scotland (1425?-1445), wife of the dauphin Louis (afterwanls Louis XI of France): daughter of.l.iin.-- 1 of Scotland; married Louis at Toun, 1436.and was treated badly by him; wrote poetry,
^ Margaret, the Maid of Norway (1283–1290), queen of Scotland: daughter of Eric II of Norway and Margaret, daughter of Alexander III of Scotland (12411286), by his queen Margaret, daughter of Henry III; acknowledged by nobles as heir of kingdom of Scotland, 1284: affianced to Prince Edward, son of Edward I, 1287; died in the Orkneys while on voyage from Bergen to England. A woman declaring herself to be Margaret was bnnied at Bergen. 13nl, by King Hakon V, and was reverenced as a saint by many who believed her story.
^ Margaret of Anjou (1430–1482), queen consort of Henry VI; daughter of Rene of Anjou; brought up by her grandmother, Yolande of Aragon in Anjou; truce of Tours confirming her betrothal to Henry VI siifnrl, Mil; married by proxy at Nancy, 1445, these events being brought about by Beaufort and the peace party: i-ntm-l London and crowned at Westminster Abbey in Ml 1446; devoted her abilities towards identifying IHTM It and Henry VI with one faction, the Beaufort-Suffolk party: brought about Henry's surrender of possession* in Maine, 1445; appropriated greedily part of Duke Humphrey's estates on his death, 1447: on fall of Suffolk (14-J'J ti -.inferred her confidence to Somerset, who incurred unpopularity by his loss of Normandy and Gulenue: liberated Somerset from prison, 1450, and drove Richard, duke of York, into violent courses; displayed covetousness and high-handedness: foundol, with Andrew Doket, QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1448; gave birth to son Edward, 1463; failed to secure regency on Henry's prostration, but on his recovery (1455) tried to crush York; defeated at St. Albans, 1455, when Somerset was killed, on which York again became protector: left Henry in disgust, 1456; was seemingly reconciled to York, 1458, but forthwith stirred up country against his party; communicated secretly with Breze, seneschal mandy: on Henry's defeat at Northampton, MI". rtd with the prince into Cheshire, and after many adventures took refuge successively at Harlech Cu-tl.-, at Denbigh, and in Scotland; signed treaty at Liiu-ludvn consenting to Edward's marriage with Mary of BooUaad and surrendering Berwick, 1461; after victory at Wakefield (1460) marched to London and defeated Warwick at St. Albans, 1461; showed great bruUility in execution of her enemies: after defeat at Towton ( March 1461 ) retired again to Scotland with Henry, surrendering Berwick to the Scot*: went to Brittany and Anjou and appealed to Louis XI, 1462; invaded Northumberland with Brea* and French troops, but failed, 1462: protected by a robber: landed at Sluy*, 1463, almost d-.tituu-; took refuge in finally with her father: sent Jasper Tudor ": made treaty with Warwick 470- landed at Wevmouth with forces, 1471, Wnwhile Warwick had been killed tan* her Mm being slain on the field and her husband niarderedsoon after, 1471: rematnei imprisoned till , 1476; was conveyed released by treaty of Peoquigny, 1476; was conveyeu braid and pensioned by Lonis XI, but compelled to surrender all rights of Buccession to French territory; lived in extreme poverty and isolation in Anjou, and was buried at Angers; Commemorated by Chastellain and Drayton 8hApere probably little responsible for the portrait of her in King Henry VI
^ Margaret of Denmark (1457?–1486), queen of James III of Scotland; daughter of Christian I of Denmark. Norway, and Sweden; married James III, 1469; part of her dowry being the Orkney and Shetland Isles; gave birth to heir (afterwards James IV of Scotland), ;.;..
^ Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503), jister of Edward IV: married Charles, duke of Burgundy, at Damme, 1468, thus cementing alliance between houses of York and Burgundy; reconciled Clarence to his brother, Edward IV, the latter having been compelled to take refuge in Burgundy, 1470; patroness of Oaxton: visited England, 1480: on Henry VH's accession received discontented Yorkists at her court, and enco-iraged the pretenders, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck; apologised to Henry VII, 1498; died at Mechlin.
^ Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby. See Baeufort.
^ Margaret Tudor (1489–1541), queen of Scotland ; eldest daughter of Henry VII: married James IV of Scotland at Holyrood, 1503: crowned, 1504; gave birth to six children, two of whom survived, James (afterwards James V) and Alexander; supported English party against the French; on James IV's death at Flodden, 1513. became regent and guardian of young king, but met with great opposition; secured peaoj with England, 1514; married Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, 1514, whereby she strengthened French party; was besieged in Stirling and compelled to give up regency and young king to John Stewart, duke of Albany, 1615; escaped to England and gave birth to Margaret, afterwards Countess of Lennox: returned to Edinburgh, 1617, but the promise made her of dower, rents, and access to her son never fulfilled; quarrelled with her hnsband, Angus, 1518: joined French party; was allowed accesK to the king, but constantly changed sides; allied herself with Albany, 1621; was accused ofover-tenderness* for him, and caused withdrawal of her husband, Angus, to France; played with both parties; carried off her son James to Edinburgh, and abrogated Albany's regency, but alienated support by rash actions, 1524; fired on Angus when he broke into Edinburgh, but admitted him to the regency, 1525; regained influence over her son .linn.--, but retired to Stirling on his refusal to allow return of Henry Stewart, first lord Methven, her favourite; obtained divorce from Angus, 1527, and married Ptewart, and together with him became James's chief adviser on fall of Angus, 1528; helped to bring about peace with England, 1634; accused by James of taking bribes from England, and treated with coldness by Henry VIII; interceded with Henry VIII for her daughtei Lady Margaret Douglas, 1536; endeavoured unsuccessful!, to procure divorce from Henry Stewart; attempted tc escape into England, but was overtaken, 1537; troubled Henry VIII with various complaints; died at Methven Castle; buried in the church of St. John at Perth.
^ Augustus Raymond Margary (1846-1875) traveller; interpreter in Chinese consular establishment filled various appointments in China; travelled througl KMith western provinces to Yunnan to meet Colone Urowne, 1875, being the first Englishman to accomplid the journey; murdered at Manwein; obtained melals fo laving life at Formosa, 1873.
^ James Margetson (1600–1678), archbishop of Armagh; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; chaplain to Wentworth in Ireland, 1633; dean of Waterford, 1635; succcssively rector of Armagh and Galloon or Dartry: rehendary of Cork and dean of Derry, 1637; dean of Christ Church, Dublin, 1639; refused to rise directory nstead of prayer-book, 1647; fled to England, and was mprisoned; archbishop of Dublin, 1661-3; privy coun llor, 1661; archbishop of Armagh, 1663-78, and vice lancellor of Dublin University, 1667; rebuilt Armagh Cathedral.
^ Moses Margoliouth (1820–1881), divine; Jewish native of Suwalki, Poland: entered church of Engind, 1838: taught Hebrew and other subjects; entered rinity College, Dublin, 1840; ordained to curacy of St. neustine, Liverpool, 1844; incumbent of Glasnevin, 844; examining chaplain to bishop of Kildare, 1844; erved several curacies; visited the Holy Land, 1847; vicar of Little Linford, 1877-81; published The Fundamental Principles of Modern Judaism 1843, and other corks.
^ Ralph Marham (fl. 1380), historian ; D.D. Cambridge; prior of King's Lynn; wrote Manipulus Chronicorum
^ Scotus Marianus (1028–1082?), chronicler: native of Ireland; his true name Moelbrigte; pupil of Tigernach; entered Cologne monastery, 1056; recluse successively at Fulda and Mentz; wrote universal chroicle.
^ Marianus Scotus or Muiredach (d. 1088), first abbot of St. Peter's, Ratisbon; famous for his caligraphy.
^ William Mariner (fl. 1800–1860), traveller; etained in friendly captivity in the Tonga islands, 1805 _810; communicated to John Martin H789-1869) materials for hisAccount... of the Tonga Islands .817.
^ Earls of Marischal . See KEITH, WILLIAM, burth EARL, d. 1581; KEITH, GEORGE, fifth EARL, 1553 ?1623; KEITH, WILLIAM, sixth EARL, d. 1635; KEITH, WILLIAM, seventh EARL, 1617 ?-1661; KEITH, GEORGE, tenth EARL, 1693 ?-1778.
^ Adam de Marisco (d. 1257?). See Adam.
^ Geoffrey de Marisco, Mariscis, Mareys or Mares (d. 1245), justiciar or viceroy of Ireland; nephew of John Comyn, archbishop of Dublin; powerful in South Munster and Leinster; received large grants of land in Ireland; defeated Hugh de Lacy (d. 1 242 ?) at Thurles; conquered Connauprht, 1210; made protestation of loyalty to King John, 1211; justiciar of Ireland, 1215-21, 1226-8, and 1230-2: visited Henry III at Oxford and made agreement with him, leaving one of his sons as hostage, 1220; carried on private wars; treacherously brought about death of Richard Marshal, 1234; being suspected of having plotted assassination of Henry III, 1238, fled to Alexander II of Scotland; expelled from Scotland, 1244; died in poverty in France,
^ Hervey de Marisco (fl. 1169). See Mount-Maurice.
^ Richard de Marisco or Marsh (d. 1226), bishop of Durham and chancellor; clerk of the exchequer; held various preferments; advised King John's persecution of Cistercians, 1210; archdeacon of Northumberland before 1212, and Richmond, 1213; sheriff of Dorset and Somerset, 1212; suspended for officiating during interdict, 1212; visited Rome; justiciar, 1213-14; acconrfpanied King John abroad, 1214; chancellor, 1214; sent on missions abroad, 1215; bishop of Durham, 1217-26; justice itinerant, 1219; engaged in violent dispute with his monks; one of John's worst advisers,
^ Thomas Markaunt (d. 1439), antiquary ; B.D. ; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; proctor, 1417; said to have first collected the privileges, statutes, and laws of Cambridge University.
^ Mrs Markham (1780-1837). See Elizabeth Penrose.
^ Francis Markham (1565–1627), soldier and author; brother of Gervase Markham; fought in several campaigns abroad; muster-master at s~vt ii ham; works include Five Decades of Epistles of War 1622.
^ Frederick Markham (1805-1855), lieuntenant-general, son of John Markham (1761-1827).(. S'2il foot, isi't; imprisoni! lor acting as second ii. linrl. *:!: served in Canada and was wounded, 1837; commnndiil divisions in Punjab campaign, 1848-9, including victory at Goojerat; C.B. and aide-de-camp to the queen; adjutant-general in India, 1854: commanded division at attack on the Redan, 1855; published Shooting in the Himalayas 1864.
^ Gervase Markham or Jervis (1668?–1687), author; brother of Francis Markham; fought in tlic Netherlands; a scholar acquainted with various Iangnnire?: agricultural writer and reformer; said to have imported first Arab horse into England; earliest English hackney writer author of works and compilations, IncludingTlie most Honorable Tragedie of Sir Richard }rinvilc 1595,The English Arcadia 1607,Discourse on Horsemanshippe 1693,Country Contentments 1611, 'The Souldier's Accidence 1626, andThe Faithfull Farrier 1635; collaborated in writing plays; styleda base fellowby Ben Jonson.
^ Sir Griffin Markham (1564?–1644?), soldier nnd conspirator; cousin of Francis and Qervase Markham; served in Netherlands; with Essex in France, where he was knighted, and in Ireland; concerned in the Byeplot, 1603, convicted of high treason, but respited at moment of execution; banished and his estates confiscated; retired abroad.
^ John Markham (d. 1409), judge of common pleas, 1396: member of commission which carried out change of dynasty, 1399.
^ Sir John Markham (d. 1479), chief-justice of England; son of John Markham (d. 1409); serjeant-at-law, 1440; judge, 1444; K.B. and chief-justice of king's bench, 1461; deprived, 1469; famous for his impartiality,
^ John Markham (1761–1827), admiral; son of William Markham; entered navy, 1776; served on North America and West Indies stations; nearly wrecked and murdered when in charge of prize-ship, 1 777: cashiered for firing upon Ji French cartel, 1782, but reinstated by Rodney and promoted post-captain, 1783; commanded Sphynx in Mediterranean, 1783-6; travelled, 1786-93; served under Lord St. Vincent at reduction of Martinique, 1 703, off Cadiz. 1797, in Mediterranean, 1799, and off Brest, 1 si ii i; colleague of St. Vincent at admiralty board, 1801-4, and of Howick and Grenville, 1806-7; M.P., Portsmouth, 1807-26 (except 1818-20).
^ Peter Markham (ft. 1758), writer on adulteration of bread, 1758; M.D.
^ William Markham (1719–1807), archbishop of York; descended from John Markham (d. 1409); educated at Westminster School: student of Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1742; M.A., 1745: D.C.L., 1752; one of the best scholars of the day; published Latin verse; headmaster of Westminster School, 1753-65; chaplain to George II, 1766; prebendary of Durham, 1759; dean of Rochester, 1766; vicar of Boxley, 1766; dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1767; bishop of Chester, 1771; preceptor to George, prince of Wales and Prince Frederick, 1771, but dismissed, 1776; archbishop of York, 1777; lord high almoner and privy councillor, 1777; denounced by Chatham and others for preaching pernicious doctrines; attacked by Gordon rioters, 1780; used intemperate language in defence of Warren Hastings, which was brought under notice of parliament, 1793; at one time intimate friend of Burke.
^ Abraham Markland (1645–1728), master of St. Cross Hospital, Winchester: scholar and fellow of St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1689; D.D., 1692; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1694-1728; held several living, and Winchester prebend; published poems and sermons.
^ James Heywood Markland (1788–1864), antiquary; London solicitor, 1808 and 1839; F.S.A., 1809; parliamentary agent to West Indian planters, 1814; student, Inner Temple, 1814; F.R.S.,1816: edited for Roxburghe Club, which (1813) be joined,Chester Mysteries 1818; assisted and contributed to various publications, including papers for the Archaeologia: wroteOn the Reverence due to Holy Places 1846. and everal other works,
^ Jeremiah Markland (16W-177S), scholar; of Christ's Hospital, London, and St. ..!i.i.ri,hf,.: M.A.. 1717; fellow and tot., OOrtrtbated p.* try toCambridge OratuUtious1714; engaged in private tuition: willed finally at Milton Court, near Dorking; published Bphtola Critic* (on Horace), 1723, Remarks on the Epistles of Cicero, 1 1746, ai.d (.t h rr vorks.
^ Henry Stacy Marks (1829-1898), artist; employed in his father coach-b heraldic device* on carriage*: Matbews Leigh; entered Royal Academy schools, 1861: exhibited at Royal Academy from IMS: executed wall-paintings, representing the Canterbury pilgrims, in Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1876-8; R.A., 1878; member of Royal Water-colour Society, 1888. His earlier pictures were largely humorous Shakespearean subject*; in later years be specialised in natural-history subjects (principally birds), but produced also land and *ea scapes.
^ Nathaniel Markwick or Markwicke (1664-1735), divine; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1690: B.D. (as Markwick), 1696; prebendary of Bath and Wells, 1699; works include Stricturae Lucis 1788.
^ Dukes of Marlborough . See John Churchill first DUKE, 1660–1722; SPENCER, OHARLKA, third Duke 1706–1758; SPENCER, GEORGE, fourth DUKK, 1739-1817; SPENCER, GEORGE, fifth DUKE, 1766-1840; CHURCHILL, JOHN WINSTON SPKNCBR, seventh DUKK, 1822-1883.
^ Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, (1660–1744). See Sarah Churchill.
^ Earls of Marlborough . See LET, JAMES, first Earl 1550–1629 ; LEY, JAMES, third EARL, 1618–1666.
^ Henry of Marlborough (fl. 1420). See Henry.
^ Thomas de Marleberge (d. 1236), abbot of Evesham; learned in canon and civil law; taught at Oxford; monk of Evesham, 1199 or 1200; engaged in dispute with bishop of Worcester concerning right of visitation of monastery; went to Rome and obtained verdict of exemption, 1205; quarrelled with Abbot Norreys; expelled and attacked with his companions, 1206, but beat off assailants; effected deposition of Norreys, 1213; made abbot, 1229; paid off the abbey's debts and carried out numerous and important restorations and adornments; architect, mechanical workman, painter, and embroiderer; wrote Chronicon Abbatite de Evesham and other works.
^ William Marlow (1740–1813), water-colour painter; member of Society of Artists; exhibited there and at Academy: painted mostly English country seats and scenes; worked also in oil.
^ Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593), tist; son of a Canterbury shoemaker; educated at King's School, Canterbury, and Corpus Cbri*ti College, Cambridge; M.A.. 1587; attached himself to Earl of Nottingham's theatrical company, which produced most of bis plays: acquainted with leading men of letters, including Raleigh; wrote, not later than 1587, Tamburlaine (published, 1590), in which he gave new development to blank verse; wrote The Tragedy of Dr. Faustos (first entered on StationersRegister 1601, but not apparently published till 1604), which was well received: produced after 1688,The Jew of Malta* (first published, 1633), Edward II the best-constructed of his plays, 1593 (first published, 1594), and two inferior pieces, the Massacre at Paris(probably published, 1600), andTragedy of Dido(joint work of Marlowe and Nash), published, 1594: pointed to as part author of Shakespeare's "Titus Andronicus by internal evidence: wrote much of the second and third parts of Henry VI which Shakespeare revised and completed, and ofEdward III translated Grid's Amores (published with Sir John Davies's Epigrammes and Elegies e. 1597); paraphrased part of Mosseus's Hero and Leander(completed by George Chapman and published, 1698); translated The First Book of Lacan*s Pharsalia (published, 1600): wrote the song Come live with me and be my love(published in "The Passionate Pilgrim 1599, and in England's Helicon; held and propagated atheistical opinions, and a warrant issued for his arrest, !: killed in a drunken brawl at Deptfonl probably not guilty of the blasphemy and gross immoiality often ascribed to him: spoken of with affection by Edward Blount, Nashe, and Chapman: his mighty line noken of by Ben Jonson: quoted and apostrophised by Bbjkkamue mAs yon like it.* Marlowe excelled in portraying human ambition and exerted much influence over Shakespeare, His collected works were first published, :,;.
^ Philip Marmion (d. 1291), grandson of Robert Marmion (d. 1218): sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1249, of Norfolk and Suffolk, 1261; taken prisoner fighting for the king at Lewes, 1264.
^ Robert Marmion (d. 1143), carried on war during anarchy in Stephen's reign; killed in fight with Earl of Chester at Coventry.
^ Robert Marmion (d. 1218), justice itinerant and reputed king's champion: descended from lords of Fontenay le Marmion in Normandy, grandson of Robert Marmion(d. 1143): sheriff of Worcester, 1186; attended Richard I and King John in Normandy; sided with barons against King John; benefactor of Kir ks toad Abbey, Lincolnshire.
^ Shackerley Marmion (1603–1639), dramatist ; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1624; soldier for a short time in the Netherlands; settled in London and was patronised by Ben Jonson, whose dramatic work he imitated; convicted of stabbing, 1629: joined Suckling's expedition to Scotland, 1638; wroteA Morall Poem intituled the Legend of Cupid and Psyche 1637 (in heroic couplets): contributed poetry to Annalia Dubrensia 13, and toJonsonus Virbius 1638; produced the comedies Hollands Leagver 1632, A Fine Companion 1633, and The Antiquary published, 1641.
^ Robert Marnock (1800–1889), landscape gardener; laid out botanical gardens in Sheffield and Regent's Park, London, becoming curator; carried out designs at Greenland*, Henley-on- Thames, Taplow Court, San Donate, near Florence, and Alexandra Park, Hastings; his designs distinguished by good taste and picturesqueness edited * Floricultnral Magazine(1836-42) and other gardening publications, and wrote with Deakin first volume of * Florigraphia Britannica 1837.
^ Carlo Marochetti (1805–1867), sculptor, baron of Italy: studied at Paris and Rome; executed statue of Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy for Turin, and other work; made baron by Carlo Alberto, later patronised by LouisPhilippe; executed at Paris statue of Duke of Orleans, relief of * Assumption in the Madeleine, and other sculptures; given Legion of Honour, 1839; patronised by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert after 1848; exhibited Sappho and other work at Academy, and statue of Richard Coeur de Lion at Great Exhibition, 1851; executed statues of Queen Victoria, the Duke of Wellington, and others, the Inkerman monument in St. Paul's Cathedral, and other monuments and busts: R.A., 1866; advocateof polychromy in sculpture.
^ Frederick Marrable (1818–1872), architect ; superintending architect to metropolitan board of works, 1866-62; constructed offices in Spring Gardens, besides other important London buildings.
^ Giacinto Marras (1810–1883), singer and musical composer; born at Naples and studied music there; came to England, 1835; sang at, and gave, concerts with Grisi, Lablache, Balfe, and others; visited Russia, 1842, and Vienna and Naples later; was in Paris, 1844; settled in England, 1846; published songs and other works; sang in public; institutedapres-midis musicales* at his own boose; visited India, 1870-3, and the Riviera, 1879; immense repertoire of oratorio, opera, and chamber music; as composer belongs to Italian school; published also Lezioni di Canto and Element! Vocali 18*0, valuable treatises on singing.
^ William Marrat (1772–1882), mathematician and topographer; contributed to mathematical serials; printer and publisher at Boston, Lincolnshire, and teacher of mathematics; works include An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Mechanics 1810, and The History of Lincolnshire 1814-16.
^ John Marrey or Marre (d. 1407), Carmelite; scholastic theologian, disputant, and preacher; head of doncaster convent ; wrote scholastic treatises ami other works.
^ Charles Marriott (1811–1858), divine; son of John Marriott (1780-1825); scholar of Balliol College, Oxford; B.A., 1832: fellow, mathematical lecturer, and tutor of Oriel College, Oxford, 1833; principal of Theological College, Chichester, 1839; sub-dean of Oriel College, Oxford, 1841; disciple of Newman till Newman went over to Rome; had great influence among younger men at Oxford: vicar of St. Mary the Virgin, 1850-8; member of hebdomadal council: published sermons and pamphlets, and edited with Pusey and Keble, The Library of the Fathers 1841-55, also The Literary Churchman from 1855, and other publications.
^ Sir James Marriott (1730?–1803), lawyer and politician; scholar and (1756) fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge; LL.D., 1767; patronised by Duke of Newcastle; advocate-general, 1764; master of Trinity Hall, 1764; vice-chancellor, 1767; judge of admiralty court, 1778; knighted, 1778; M.P., Sudbury, 1781-4 and 17961802; declared America to be represented in the English parliament by the member for Kent, the thirteen provinces being described in their charters as part and parcel of the manor of Greenwich, 1782; published poems and legal and political works.
^ John Marriott (d. 1653), ' the great eater,' known as Ben Marriott celebrated in The Great Eater of Graye's Inn( pasquinade), 1652, where his insatiable appetite is described in detail.
^ John Marriott (1780–1825), poet and divine: student, Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1806; tutor to Lord Scott, 1804-8, and intimate with Sir Walter Scott, who addressed to him the second canto of Marmion; rector of Church Lawford, Warwickshire, 1807; held curacies in Devonshire: contributed poems to Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border and author of several others, including Marriage is like a Devonshire Lane and hymns, also of sermons.
^ Wharton Booth Marriott (1823–1871), divine; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1843-6; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1846-51; B.O.L., 1851; M.A., 1856; B.D., 1870; university preacher, 1868; Grinfield lecturer, 1871; assistant-master at Eton, 1850-60; F.S.A., 1857; published Vestiarium Ohristianum 1868, and other works.
^ George Marrowe (. 1437), alchemist.
^ Florence Marryat , successively MRS. CHURCH and MRS. LEAN (1838-1899), novelist: daughter of Frederick Marryat; married, firstly, T. Ross Church, afterwards colonel in Madras staff corps, 1854, and secondly, Colonel Francis Lean of royal marine light infantry, 1890; published from 1865 many novels, works dealing with spiritualism, and Life and Letters of Captain Marryat 1872.
^ Frederick Marryat (1792–1848), captain R.N. and novelist; grandson of Thomas Marryat; served under Lord Cochrane in the Imperieuse, which performed several brilliant actions, including attack on French fleet in Aix Roads, 1809; took part in Walcheren expedition, 1809; served on Mediterranean, West Indies, North America, and St. Helena stations: commanded the Larne in first Burmese war, 1823; senior naval officer at Rangoon, 1824; commanded successful expedition up Bassein river, 1825; appointed to the Teea, 1825, and Ariadne, 1828; C.B., 1826; gold medallist. Royal Humane Society, for saving life at sea; adapted Popham's signalling system to mercantile marine; F.R.S., 1819; member of Legion of Honour, 1833; published The Naval Officer 1829, and series of well-known novels of sea-life, including Peter Simple 1834, and Mr. Midshipman Easy 1836, largely autobiographical; published children's books and other works, and (1832-8) edited Metropolitan Magazine; lived for some time at Brussels and in Canada and the United States.
^ Thomas Marryat (1730–1792), physician and wit; belonged to poetical club which met at the Robin Hood, Butcher Row, Strand; was educated for prcsbyterian ministry; M.D. Edinburgh; practised in London, America, Ireland, and elsewhere, finally settling at Bristol: administered strange remedies; published The Philosophy of Masons Therapeutics 1758, and verses, and other works.
^ John Buxton Marsden (1803–1870), historical writer; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1830; vicar of Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, 1844; perpetual curate of St. Peter, Dale End, Birmingham, 1851; works include The History of the Early Puritans 1850, The History of the Later Puritans 1852, History of Christian Churches 1856.
^ John Howard Marsden (1808–1891), antiquary; scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, and H. II scholar; Seatonian prizeman, 1829; M.A., 1829; B.D., 1836: select preacher, 1834, 1837, and 1847; Hulsean lecturer, 1843 and 1844, and Disney professor of archaeology. 1851-65; rector of Great Oakley, Essex, 1840-89, and rural dean; published religious, archaeological, and historical works, and verses.
^ Samuel Marsden (1764–1838), apostle of New Zealand; tradesman's son; studied at St. John's College, Cambridge; chaplain in New South Wales, 1793; had charge of convicts; while on visit to London in 1807 i obtained audience of George III, who presented him with five Spanish sheep, the progenitors of extensive Australian flocks; made several visits to New Zealand, and was one of the chief settlers of that country; endeavoured to improve the standard of morals; was attacked by authorities, but defended himself successfully before commission, 1820; died at Parramatta.
^ William Marsden (1754–1836), orientalist and numismatist; entered East India Company's service, 1770; i secretary to government at Sumatra; established agency business in London, 1785; second secretary, 1795, and secretary, 1804, to admiralty; F.R.S., 1783; subsequently treasurer and vice-president; member of various learned societies; D.O.L. Oxford, 1786; publishedHistory of Sumatra, 1 1783,Dictionary and Grammar of the Malayan Language 1812 NumismataOrientalia 1823- 5, and other, works; presented his collection of oriental coins to British Museum, 1834.
^ William Marsden (1796–1867), surgeon; worked under Abernethy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; I M.R.C.P., 1827: founded Royal Free Hospital, London, where poor were admitted immediately without formalities, aud Brompton Cancer Hospital; MJ). Erlangen, 1838; published Symptoms and Treatment of... Asiatic... Cholera 1834.
^ Alphonso Marsh , the elder (1627–1681), musician to Charles I: gentleman of the Chapel Royal, e. 1661; composed songs.
^ Alphonso Marsh , the younger (1648?-1692), musician; FOII of Alphonso Marsh the elder; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1676.
^ Charles Marsh (1735–1812), clerk in war office; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1760: F.S.A., 1784; buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ Charles Marsh (1774?–1835?), barrister, Lincoln's Inn; practised at Madras; M.P., East Retford, 1812: distinguished himself by knowledge of Indian affairs and denounced Wilberforce's attempt to force Christianity on natives; contributed to various publications and wrote able pamphlets.
^ Francis Marsh (1627–1693), archbishop of Dublin; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1650; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, 1651; prelector rbetoncus, 1651-2 and 1654-7; dean of Connor, 1660; dean of Armagh and archdeacon of Dromore, 1661; bishop of Limerick, Ardfert, and Aghadoe, 1667; translated to I Kilmore and Ardagh, 1672; archbishop of Dublin, 1682; opposed Tyrcounel; withdrew to England, 1689, and was included in act of attainder; returned after battle of the Boyue, 1690.
^ George Marsh (1515–1555), protestant martyr; farmer: subsequently M.A. Cambridge, 1542: lived at Cambridge aud also acted as curate in Leicestershire and London; preached in Lancashire and was imprisoned at Lancaster, 155 4, and Chester: burnt at Spital Boughton, his character aud sufferings giving rise to marvellous traditions.
^ Henry Marsh, first baronet (1790–1860), physician; descended from Francis Marsh: B.A., n: professor of medicine at College of Physicians, 1841, 184J, 1845. and 184 to the queen, 1837: created baronet, 18tt taMtern i Ml Ml.. ftbor,
^ Herbert Marsh (1757-1839) successively btabop of Llandaff and Peterborough: educated at King's School, (:.nuri.iiry; scholar of St. John 1 * College, Cambridge, 177: seoond wranger second Smith's prizeman. 1779; fellow, .A n 1782; DJ. ( by royal mandate), 1808; studied at Leipzig; returned to Leipzig after prosecution of William Fraud; published translation of Michaelis's Introduction to the New Testament with original notes, 1 793- IHol, which aroused a great controversy; supported English national credit by publishing translation of an essay by Patje (president of the board of finance at Hanover), 1797; hia History of the Politics of Great Britain and Francewidely read, 1799; given pension by Pitt aud proscribed by Napoleon; lady Margaret professor at Cambridge, 1807; gave several courses on biblical criticism, which were attended by crowded audiences; preached anti-CulvmUti- vermons before university, 1805; opposed establishment of Bible Society In Cambridge; wrote various pamphlets an ! answered by Simeon and Milner; publishedComparative View of the Churches of England and Rome 1814, and Hone Pelasgicw 1816; bishop of Llandaff, 1*16, of Peterborough, 1819; endeavoured to exclude evangelical clergy from diocese by his notoriouseightyseven questions; successfully defended himself in House of Lords; denounced by Sydney Smith; opposed hymns in services and catholic emancipation; foremost divine at Cambridge; a vigorous but often coarse pamphleteer; introduced German methods of research into biblical study.
^ James Marsh (1794–1846), chemist; practical chemist at Woolwich Arsenal aud assistant to Faraday at Military Academy, 1829; invented electro-magnetic apparatus and Marsh arsenic test: gained gold and silver medals from Society of Arts; wrote papers.
^ John Marsh (1750–1828), musical composer; wrote works on musical theory; compiled chart-books; composed various pieces.
^ John Fitchett Marsh (1818–1880), antiquary ; solicitor and town-clerk of Warriugton; contributed to various societies papers on Milton and other subjects; his Annals of Chepstow Castle printed, 1883.
^ Narcissus Marsh (1638–1713), archbifhop of Armagh; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1658; fellow of Exeter, 1658; D.D., 1671; incumbent of Swindon, 1662-3: preached at Oxford; chaplain to bishop of Exeter and Clarendon; principal of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1673; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1679; encouraged maintenance of Irish language, and prepared, with Robert Boyle, Irish translation of Old Testament: enthusiastic mathematician; joined in founding Royal Dublin Society, contributing essay on sound, 1683; learned orientalist; built new hall and chapel; bishop of Firuaud Leighlin and rector of Killeban, 16*3; fled to England, 1689. and obtained preferment; returned, 1690; archbishop of Cashel, 1691; gave Swift prebend of Dunlavin, 1700; established library at St Sepulchre's, for which he purchased Stillingfleet's books; several times lord justice of Ireland; translated to Armagh, 1703; benefactor of Armagh diocese; published miscellaneous works.
^ William Marsh (1775–1864), divine: M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1807; D.D., 1839; curate of St. Lawrence, Reading, 1800; impressive evangelical preacher; friend and correspondent of Charles Simeon; held livings successively of Nettlebed, Basildon, and Ashampstead, St. Peter's, Colchester, St. Thomas, Birmingham, St. Mary, Leamington, and Beddiugton, Surrey; canon of Worcester, 1848; published religious works.
^ Mrs. Anne Marsh-Caldwell (1791–1874), novelist; nAe Caldwell; married Arthur Cuthbert Marsh, 1817; published Two Old Men's Tales 1834, followed by Emilia Wyndbam 1846, and other novels.
^ Andrew Marshal (1742–1813), physician and private tutor: later studied medicim- in LoodooT'sargeon at Jersey to 83rd regiment, 1778-83; MJ Edinburgh, 1788: successful teacher of anatomy in London: devoted himself to medical practice, 1800; wrote papers on madness.
^ Anselm Marshal, sixth and last Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1245) son of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke and Striguil
^ Ebenezer Marshal (d. 1813), historian; presbyterian minister; published "The History of the Union of Scotland and England 1799, and other works.
^ Gilbert Marshal, fourth Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1241), son of William Marshal, first Earl of Pembroke and Striguil; took minor orders; joined opposition to Henry III's foreign favourites; received fatal injuries in a tournament.
^ John Marshal (d. 1164?), warrior ; was besieged by Stephen at Marlborough, 1139; supported Empress Maud; present at siege of Winchester, 1141: took refuge in Wherwell Abbey: with the empress Matilda at Oxford, 1142: given lands by Henry II on his accession: present at council of Clarendon, 1164; appealed to the king for justice against Becket, 1164.
^ John Marshal , first Baron Marshal of Hingham (1170 ?-1235), nephew of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke and Striguil; accompanied his uncle on Flanders campaign, 1197-8; had charge of Falaise, 1203; received grant of lands: steward for his uncle in Ireland, 1204; marshal of Ireland, 1207; given charge of various counties and castles; received large grants of land; supported King John against the barons; went to Rome on mission for John, 1215: accompanied him north, 1216: fought against the French at Lincoln, 1217, and preoared for arrival of French fleet; sheriff of Hampshire, 1217; justice of the forest and justice itinerant, and for assize of arms, 1230; sent on various missions to Ireland; sent abroad, 1225.
^ Richard Marshal , third Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1234), son of William Marshal, first earl ; lived at first in France; on death of elder brother came to England and obtained possession of earldom, 1231; defended Hubert de Burgh, 1232, and opposed Peter des Roches; as head of baronage appealed in vain to Henry III todismiss foreigners, 1233; engaged in war with Llywelyn ab lorwerth, 1233; being warned of intended treachery refused to come to council, 1233; proclaimed traitor and deprived of marshalship, 1233: made alliance with Llywelyn and captured several castles; defeated foreign mercenaries and royal army, 1234, and secured dismissal of Peter des Roches and Poitevins, 1234; went to Ireland to make war against enemies stirred up by Peter des Roches; treacherously betrayed and fatally wounded in Kildare.
^ Walter Marshal , fifth Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1246), son of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke and Striguil
^ William Marshal , first Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1219), regent of England; son of John Marshal (d. 1164 ?); hostage in Stephen's hands, 1152; trained in Normandy; accompanied his nncle, Earl Patrick, to Poitou, 1168, but was wounded and captured: ransomed by Queen Eleanor; guardian of Prince Henry, 1170: sided with the prince in his rebellion against his father: left the court. 1182; went to France; recalled, 1183; on death of young Henry started for the Holy Land to bear Henry II's cross to the holy sepulchre and performed great exploits there; returned, c. 1187; became member of king's household; present at conference of Oisors, 1 188, and volunteered to fight as champion; promised the band of the heiress of Pembroke and Striguil; failed in mission to King Philip of France at Paris, 1189; took part in engagement*; spared Prince Richard's life in battle: remained faithful to Henry II to the last at Chinon; joint-marshal at Richard I's coronation, 1189; subordinate justiciar under Longchamp; subsequently joined in opposition toLongchnmp; received Nottingham Castle to bold for Richard I, 1 191: associated in govern . with Walter de Coutances and excommunicated by Longchamp; retained Richard I's favour: took up arms against Earl John, brother of Richard I, 1193; accompanied Richard to Normandy, 1194, and took part in fighting: made treaties with counts of Boulogne and Flanders, 1196; appointed custodian of Rouen by Richard before his death, 1199; declared for King John, and with Hubert secured his peaceful succession in England, 1199; invaded Wales, 1204; with John's consent did homage to King Philip oi France for his Norman lands, 1204; refused to accompany John's projected expedition to Poitou, 1205; entrusted with defence of England in John's absence, 1206; visited his estates in Ireland, 1207; recalled to England, and his Irish lands ravaged by John's direction: returned to Ireland, 1208, and obtained full possession: received William de Braose, 1208; compelled to give hostages to John; protested against papal encroachments, 1212; returned to England, 1213: became John's chief adviser, 1213; witnessed charter of resignation to pope, 1213; made guardian of John's eldest son, and guardian of England, 1214, during John's absence abroad; one of John's envoys to the barons, but also one of the counsellers of Magna Carta, 1215; sent to France to avert threatened invasion, end of 1216: executor of John's will, 1216; regent, 1216: republished Great Charter with omissions, 1216; took Lincoln, 1217, while Hubert defeated French fleet; effected treaty of Lambeth (1217) with Louis, and made himself responsible for payment of 10,000 marks; established order in the kingdom; took habit of a Templar before his death at Caversham, near Reading; possessed lands in Ireland, England, Wales, and Normandy.
^ William Marshal, second Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1231), son of William, first earl; hostage in King John's hands, 1205-12; joined barons and was one of twenty-five executors of Magna Carta, 1215; excommunicated by the pope; joined Louis of France, 1216, but abandoned him later; fought with his father at Lincoln, 1217; succeeded to earldom and estates, 1219, and surrendered Norman lands to his brother Richard ; forced Llywelyn of Wales to make terms, 1223: justiciar in Ireland (1224), where he compelled submission of Hugh de Lacy, 1224; lived alternately in England and Ireland; married as second wife Henry Ill's sister Eleanor, 1224; high in Henry Ill's favour, though supporting Richard of Cornwall, 1227; accompanied Henry HI into Brittany, 1230, and fought in Normandy and Anjou.
^ Arthur Milnes Marshall (1852–1893), naturalist: B.A. London, 1870, and St. John's College, Cambridge, 1874; lectured with Francis Maitland Balfour on zoology at Cambridge, 1875: M.B. Cambridge, D.Sc. London, and fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1877; M.A., 1878: M.D., 1882: professor of zoology, Owens College, Manchester, 1879-93; secretary, and subsequently chairman of board of studies of the Victoria University; killed accidentally while on Scafell; F.R.S., 1885; published important memoirs on origin and development of nervous system in higher animals and other subjects.
^ Benjamin Marshall (1767?–1835), animal painter; exhibited thirteen pictures, chiefly portraits of racehorses and their owners, at Royal Academy, 1801-12 and 1818-19.
^ Charles Marshall (1637–1698), quaker; 'chymistandmedical practitioner devoted his life to preaching throughout the country; was frequently imprisoned, fined, and prosecuted for non-payment of tithes; worked bard to counteract divisions; publishedThe Way of Life Revealed 1674, A Plain and Candid Account of... certain experienced Medicines c. 1681, and a journal, and other works.
^ Charles Marshall (1806–1890), scene-painter ; executed very successful work under Macready at Oovent Garden and Drury Lane, London, especially in some of Shakespeare's plays; employed also at the opera: painted landscapes and other pictures.
^ Charles Ward Marshall (1808–1876), tenor singer; brother of William Marshall (1806-1876)
^ Edward Marshall (1578–1675), statuary and master-mason; master-mason to Charles II; executed monuments.
^ Emma Marshall (1830–1899), novelist: daughter of Simon Martin, banker at Norwich; married Hugh George Marshall, 1854; nettled at Clifton; published numenm- novels, the stories of which are generully woven round some historical character.
^ Francis Albert Marshall (1840–1889), dramatist; of Harrow and Exeter College, Oxford; olerk in sunlit office and later contributor to the press and dramatic critic: wrote several plays andsome other works; edited theHenry Irving Editionof Shakespeare, 8 vols., 1888-90.
^ George Marshall (I. 1664), poet; wrote 'A Compendious Treatise in metre* describing growth of Christianity till Mary's reign from catholic point of view (reprinted, 1876).
^ Henry Marshall (1776–1881), inspector-general of army hospitals; surgeon's mate in navy, 1808; served with army later; served in South America, Cape, and Ceylon; M.D.; held various posts in England; drew up valuable report with Tulloch concerning health of West Indian troops, 1836; hon. M.D. New York, 1847; founder of military medical statistics; wrote on military and medical topics.
^ James Marshall (1796–1865), divine: presbyterian minister, but subsequently joined English church: held livings successively of St. Mary-le-Port, Bristol, 1842, and Christ Church, Clifton, 1847-66; published sermons and other works.
^ Sir James Marshall (1829–1889 X colonial judge ; son of James Marshall, vicar of Christ Church, Clifton; graduated from Exeter College, Oxford; was ordained, but turned Roman catholic, 1867; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1866; chief magistrate of Gold Coast, 1873; chief-justice, 1877-82; knighted, 1882; O.M.G., 1886
^ Jane Marshall or Marishall (fl. 1765), novelist and dramatist; imitator of Richardson.
^ John Marshall (1534–1597).
^ John Marshall " (1757–1825), village pedagogue; educated at Newcastle-on-Tyne grammar school; schoolmaster successively in Lake district and Freeman's Hospital, Newcastle; published "The "Village Pedagogue, a poem 1817.
^ John Marshall (1784?–1837), lieutenant R.N. (1815) and author; published the Royal Naval Biography 1823-35.
^ John Marshall (1783–1841), statistical writer ; employed at the home office; chief work,A Digest of all the Accounts relating to... the United Kingdom 1833.
^ John Marshall, Lord Curriehill (1794–1868), judge of the court of session as Lord Curriehill, 1852-68.
^ John Marshall (1818–1891), anatomist and surgeon; entered University College, London, 1838; F.R.C.S., 1849; assisted Robert Listen and practised; demonstrator of anatomy at University College, London, 1845; professor of surgery, 1866, subsequently professor of clinical surgery; consulting surgeon, University College Hospital, 1884; Hunterian (1885) and Morton (1889) lecturer; F.R.S., 1857; president of several medical societies; LL.D. Edinburgh; hon. M.D. Dublin, 1890; professor of anatomy at Royal Academy, 1873-91; Pullerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution; introduced galvano-cautery and excision of varicose veins; published * The Outlines of Physiology 1867, and several valuable works.
^ Joshua Marshall (1629–1678), statuary and master-mason; son of Edward Marshall
^ Nathaniel Marshall (d. 1730), divine; LL.B. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1702; took orders; preacher in London and George I's chaplain, 1715; rector of St. Vedast and St. Michael-le-Querne, London, 1715: D.D Cambridge, by royal mandate, 1717; canon of Windsor, 1722: works include A Defence of the Consti tution &c., 1717.
^ Stephen Marshall (1594?-1665), presbyterian divine; son of a poor Huntingdonshire glover; M.A Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1622; B.D., 1629 vicar of Finchingfield, Essex; reported for want of conformity 1636; a great preacher; for Short parliament, 1640, and eloquent sermons before the Commons of great political " -I -: -;rv. MMtad i.,-.- -p.t.t,., MlMM::.,;. U II, and wrote with other divines Smectymnuus 1641; supported bill for abolishing episcopacy, 1641; appointed preacher at St. Margaret, Westminster, 1642; chaplain to regiment of third Earl of Essex. 1642; Westminster Assembly, 1641; sent to in discussions with Scottish chaplain to regiment summoned to Westm Scotland and took part delegates; waited on Laud before execution, IMS; attended Uxbridge conference, 1645; parliamentary commissioner at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1647; chaplain to the king at Holmby House and in the Isle of Wight; prepared with others the shorter catechism 1647; town preacher at Ipswich, 1661; commissioner to draw up fundamentals of religion 1663; atrier 1644; buried in Westminster Abbey, but exhumed at Restoration. His sermons i-.-p-cnilly the funeral sermon for Pym, 1643, helped to guide the course of events, and his influence was esteemed by Clarendon greater than that of Laud's on the other side.
^ Thomas Marshall (1621–1685), dean of Gloucester; B.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1646 ; served in king's army; preacher in Holland to merchant adventurers, 1660-76; published Observations on Anglo-Saxon and Gothic versions of the gospel, 1665, and other works; D.D. Oxford, 1659; rector of Lincoln College, 1672; chaplain to the king; rector of Bladou, 1680-2; dean of Gloucester, 1681-5; left estate for maintenance of scholars at his college, and books and manuscripts to university library.
^ Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818–1878), portrait, landscape, genre and history painter,
^ Thomas William Marshall (1818 - 1877), catholic controversialist; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1840; took orders, but (1846) turned Roman catholic; inspector of schools; lectured in United States, 1873; published Christian Missions 1862, and controversial works.
^ Walter Marshall (1628-1680), presbyterian divine; scholar of Winchester; M.A. and fellow, New College, Oxford, 1660; fellow of Winchester, 1657-61; incumbent of Hursley, but ejected, 1662; later, minister at Gosport; his Gospel Mystery of Sanctification published, 1692.
^ William Marshall (ft. 1535), reformer, printer, and translator; enthusiastic protestant reformer, and Cromwell's agent; published several anti-catholic works, including translation of Erasmus's Maner and Forme of Confession; The Defence of Peace (translation from Marsilio of Padua), 1535, and Pyctures and Y mages 1535.
^ William Marshall (ft. 1630–1650), early English engraver; illustrated books, and executed portrait* of historical interest.
^ William Marshall (1746–1818), agriculturist and philologist; traded in West Indies; subsequently took farm near Croydon, 1774; agent in Norfolk to Sir Harbord Harbord, 1780; published Minutes of Agriculture 1778 (submitted to Dr. Johnson), General Survey of the Rural Economy of England 1787-98: originated board of agriculture, 1793; published vocabulary of Yorkshire dialect in his Economy of Yorkshire
^ William Marshall (1748–1833), violinist and composer, and factor (1790) to the Duke of Richmond and Gordon; published Marshall's Scottish Airs 1821.
^ William Marshall (1806–1875), organist at Christ Church, Oxford, and St. John's College, Oxford, 1824, and St. Mary's, Kidderminster, 1846; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1840; composer and compiler.
^ William Marshall (1807 - 1880), Scottish divine and controversialist; studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities; secessionist minister at Ooupar- Angus, Perthshire, 1830: champion of the voluntary principle; zealous advocate of free trade and abolitionism: Instrumental In effecting union between relief and secession churches, 1847: moderator of presbyterian synod, 1865; published historical and other works.
^ William Calder Marshall (1813–1894), sculptor; studied at TrusteesAcui). n,., l..l.nlurgh, and at Royal Academy, London: A.K.s.A.. 1*40; R.A., 18M: retired, 1890: his works include the group svmboho of Agriculture on the Albert Memorial, Hvtle Park.
^ Sir John Marsham, first baronet (1602–1685), writer on chronology: M.A. St John's College, Oxford, 1625: travelled abroad: chancery clerk, 1638; followed Charles I to Oxford: compounded, 1646, and retired to hit seat at Cuxton, Kent; M.P., Rochester, 166U; reinstated in chancery and knighted, 1660; created baronet, 1663: published Chronicus Canon... 1672, and other works: according to Wotton, the first to make the Egyptian antiquities intelligible.
^ Thomas Marsham (d. 1819), entomologist : published Coleoptera Britannica 1808.
^ George Marshe (1515–1555). See Marsh.
^ John Clark Marshman (1794–1877), author of 4 History of India; son of Joshua Marshman; accompanied his father to Serampur, 1800, and directed mission; subsequently undertook secular work; started first paper-mill in India, and (1818) first paper in Bengali, and first English weekly, the * Friend of India 1821: publishedGuide to the Civil Law long the civil code of India; established Serampur College for education of natives: official Bengali translator; published his History of India 1842, the History of Bengal 1848, and other works; O.I.E., 1868.
^ Joshua Marshman (1768-1837), orientalist and missionary; weaver; master of baptist school at Broadmead, Bristol, 1794; baptist missionary to Serampur, 1799: took prominent part in translating scriptures into various dialects, and with his son, John Clark Marshman , established newspapers and Serampur College; published first complete Chinese bible and other works, Including translation of Confucius, 1809.
^ Barons Marston . See BOYLE, CHARLES, first Baron 1676–1731 ; BOYLE, JOHN, second BARON, 1707–1762.
^ John Marston (1575?–1634), dramatist and divine; belonged to Shropshire Marstons; B.A. Brasenoee College, Oxford, 1594; incumbent of Ohristchurch, Hampshire, 1616-31; publishedThe Metamorphosis of Pigtnalion'smage 1698, andThe Scourge of Villanie 1598 and 1599 (satires); issued History of Antonio and Mellida," a tragedy, 1602, which was ridiculed by Ben Jonson; wrote a series of comedies: The Malcontent with additions by Webster, 1604, Eastward Ho (comedy), 1605 (with Jonson and Chapman), for which latter they were imprisoned,The Dutch Courtezan 1605, and Parasitaster 1606; finally published a tragedy on Sophonisba, 1606, What You will (comedy), 1607, and "The Insatiate Countess (tragedy), 1613, the last sometimes assigned to William Barksteed.
^ John Westland Marston (1819–1890), dramatic poet; solicitor's clerk: joined mystical society of James Pierrepont Greaves; edited Psyche, a mystical periodical; wrote Gerald... and other Poems 1842, and several plays, including the Patrician's Daughter 1841, Strathmore (historical drama), 1849, Marie de Merauie 1850, & stirring tragedy his Hard Struggle 1858, much praised by Dickens, and the nxwt successful of all his pieces; Donna Diana 1863, his best play; from about 1863 contributed poetical criticism to the Athenaeum including celebrated review of Atalanta in Calydon; published Our Recent Actors .. 1888; contributed to the Dictionary of National Biography; chief upholder of poetical drama on English stage; praised for bis elegant diction and well-constructed P lot
^ Philip Bourke Marston (1850–1887), poet ; son of John Westland Manrston; lost his sight at early age: wrote Song-Tide and other Poems 1871, All in All 1875, andWind Voices 1883; the subject of * ekgy by Mr. Swinburne. There were publishod postLumouidy, For a Song's Sake 1887 (a collection of short ),Garden Secrets Ib87, and A Lost Harvest 1891.
^ Sir Henry Marten (1562?–1641), civilian; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1582; D.O.L., 1592; king's advocate, 1609: sent on mission to Palatinate, 1613: chancellor of London diocese, 1616; knighted, 1617; judge of admiralty court, 1617-41: member of high commission, 1620-41; dean of arches and judge of Canterbury prerogative court, 1624; was superseded as dean of arches in 1633 by Sir John Lambe; M.P., St Germans, 1625 and 1626, Oxford University, 1628, and St. Ives, Cornwall (Short parliament), 1640; supported attack on Buckingham; prominent in debates on Petition of Right, 1628; unsuccessfully appealed to king against writs impeding his administration of admiralty court, 1630; argued before privy council against new canons 1640.
^ Henry Marten or Harry (1602–1680), regicide ; son of Sir Henry Marten; B.A. University College, Oxford, 1619; admitted to Gray's Inn, 1618: lived a dissipated life: refused to subscribe to loan for Scottish war, 1639; M.P. Berkshire, 1640; supported Stratford's attainder and supremacy of parliament: raised regiment of horse; served on committee of safety; specially excepted from pardon by Charles I, 1642; governor of Reading, which he soon evacuated: conducted himself with great violence; seized the king's private property, and was expelled the house and imprisoned for advocating destruction of royal family, 1643; governor of Aylesbury, 1644; commanded at siege of Dennington Castle, 1645-6; re-admitted to parliament, 1646; leader of extreme party; opposed Scottish influence and claims; proposed motion that no more addresses should be sent to Charles I, 1647; sided with army against parliament, and was supported by the levellers; said to have desired Cromwell's assassination; raised troop of horse on his own authority to prevent restoration of Charles 1, 1648; extremely active in bringing king to trial and in establishing republic: signed death-warrant, 1649; member of first, second, and fourth councils of state, and granted lands, 1649; influential speaker in parliament; became hostile to Cromwell and Bradshaw; gave offence by his immorality and lost support of army: disappeared from political life at expulsion of Long parliament; outlawed and imprisoned for debt, 1655-7; resumed seat in Long parliament, 1659; surrendered at Restoration and conducted his defence with great courage and ability; escaped death and was imprisoned for life; published speech and pamphlets, including The Independency of England... Maintained 1647.
^ Maria Marten (d. 1827) ; murdered by her lover, William Corder
^ Richard Martial or Marshall (d. 1563), dean of Christ Church, Oxford; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1540; D.D., 1552; Roman catholic and protestant alternately in reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth; witness against Cranmer; vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1552; dean of Christ Church, 1553-63.
^ John Martiall or Marshall (1534–1597), Roman catholic divine: perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1551; B.C.L., 1556; usher of Winchester School, but being Roman catholic left England at Elizabeth's accession; one of the founders of English College, Douay; B.D. Douay, 1568; canon of St. Peter at Lille: published theological treatises.
^ Martin (d. 1241). See Cadwgan.
^ Lady Martin (1817–1898). See Helena Saville Faucit.
'^ Martin of Alnwick (d. 1336), Franciscan ; member of minorite convent at Oxford; D.D.; took part at Avignon in controversy between conventual and spiritual Franciscans, 1311.
^ Anthony Martin (d. 1597), miscellaneous writer; gentleman sewer, c. 1570, and cup-bearer to Queen Elizabeth; keeper of royal library at Westminster, 1588-97; published translations and other works.
^ Bendal Martin or Martyn (1700–1761), son of Henry Martin or Martyn; M.A. KimrV Coll.r, Cimihri.lKV, 1725: fellow, 17M; entered of the Temple; treasurer of excise, 1738-61.
^ Benjamin Martin (1704–1782), mathematician, instrument maker, and general compiler; schoolmaster and tnivi lliiiLlecturer: published Philosophical Grammar; 1735, Bibliotheca Technologica 1737; Invented and made optical and scientific instrument*; settled in Fleet Street, 1740; published An English Dictionary 1749, Martin's Magazine 1755-64, and some not very original works; became bankrupt and hastened his death by attempted suicide.
^ David Martin 073?–1798), painter and engraver: studied under Allan Ramsay (1713-1784); Hi1 in line and nortrait essful engraver in mezzotint ar iter in Ramsay's style.
^ Edward Martin (. 1662), dean of Ely ; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1612; M.A., 1617; chaplain to Laud, 1627; preached at St. Paul's Cross, London, against presbyterianism: received several livings; president of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1631; D.D. by royal mandate, 1631; sent college plate to Charles 1, 1642, and thereupon was imprisoned in the Tower and ejected; drew up famous mock petition,Submission to the Covenant*; escaped to Suffolk, 1648, but was again imprisoned; released, 1650; reinstated, 1660; a manager at Savoy conference; dean of Ely, 1662; published controversial works.
^ Elias Martin (1740?–1811), painter and engraver : born in Sweden: exhibited at Academy landscapes, views of country seats, engravings, and other work; A.R.A., 1771; court painter to king of Sweden, 1780.
^ Francis Martin (1652–1722), Angnstinian divine ; studied at Louvain; lector in theology at convent of St. Martin; professor of Greek at Collegium Buslidianum; supported ultramontane party; visited England, 1687 or 1688, and suggested to papal nuncio assassination of William of Orange, 1688; doctor of theology at Louvain, 168H; involved in various controversies; regius professor of holy scripture and canon of St. Peter's at Louvain, 1694; works includeScutum Fidei contra Haereses hodiernas 1714, in answer to Tillot?on.
^ Frederick Martin (1830–1883), miscellaneous writer: secretary to Thomas Oarlyle after 1856; inaugurated the Statesman's Year-Book 1864; given pension by Lord Beaconsfield, 1879.
^ Sir George Martin (1764–1847), admiral of the fleet: great-nephew of William Martin (1696?-1766) ; present under his uncle, Joshua Rowley, at actions off Ushant, 1778, and Martinique, 1780, and battle of Grenada, 1779; served in Jamaica and commanded ships in various stations; present in the Irresistible at battle of Cape St. Vincent, 1797; captured the Ninfa and was warmly commended by Lord St. Vincent, 1797; assisted in capture of the Generenz, 1800; took part in action off Cape Finisterre, 1805; rear-admiral, 1805; held important commands; knighted, 1814; G.O.B., 1821; G.C.M.G., 1836; admiral of the fleet, 1846.
^ George William Martin (1828–1881), musical composer: chorister at St. Paul's Cathedral; first organist of Christ Church, Battersea: established National Choral Society, 1860; composed glees and hymns,
^ Gregory Martin (d. 1582), biblical translator ; scholar of St. John's College, Oxford: M.A., 1565; tutor to sons of Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk; escaped to Douay, 1670; ordained priest, 1673; lectured on Hebrew and the scriptures; went to Rome to help organise the new English college there, 1577; returned to Douay and removed with the Douay college to Rheims, 1578: translated the bible (the Douay version) with some assistance from Richard Bristow and other theologians, the New Testament being published, 1582, and the Old Testament, 1610. Martin's translation was revised by Bishop Challoner, 1749-50. Martin also published religious works.
^ Harriet Letitia Martin (1801–1891), writer of tales; daughter of Richard ( Humanity) Martin 9 or MARTYN. HBNBY (f. 1721), essayist; lawyer: wrote in8pecUtorandGuardian prated by Steele: largely caused by his writing rejection of commercial treaty with France, 1714; Inspector-general of Imports and export* of customs.
^ Hugh Martin (1822–1885), minister of Seotttah free church; M.A. Aberdeen, 1839; minister at Panbrid*. 1844-58, at Free Oreyfriars, Edinburgh, 18ft8-f; math*. matlcal examiner at Edinburgh University, 1866-8; D.D. Edinburgh, 1872; his works mostly religious.
^ James Martin (fl. 1677), philosophical writer: professor of philosophy at Paris; published De prim. Himplicium A concretorum corporum Uenerstione... disputatio 1577, and other treatises.
^ Martin 8m James ( 1816–1886) chief- justice of New South Wales; taken by his parents to New South Wales, 1821: member of legislative council, 1848, and of first parliament under responsible government. 1866; attorneygeneral, 1856 and 1867; premier, 1863, 1866-8. and 1H70-2; knighted, 1869: chief-justice, 187t-8; published The Australian Sketch-book 1838.
^ Sir James Ranald Martin (1791-1 874), surgeon; surgeon on Bengal medical establishment. 1817; served in first Burmese war; presidency surgeon, 1830, and surgeon to Calcutta Hospital; wrote with Dr. James JohnsonOn the Influence of Tropical Climates on European Constitutions 1841, and published memoirs and pamphlets; F.R.OJS., 1848; F.R.S., 1845; inspector-general of army hospitals; C.B., 1860; knighted, 1860.
^ John Martin (1619–1693), divine; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1640; M.A.; obtained living of Compton Chamberlayne, Wiltshire, seat of the Penruddockes, 1644, but was ejected; arrested after Penruddocke's rising, 1654; given living of Melcombe Horsey, Dorset, at Restoration: prebendary of Salisbury, 1668 and 1677; nonjuror; published religious works.
^ John Martin (1741–1820), baptist minister; called to various places, finally (1795) to Keppel Street, London; offended his congregation by his opinions, and was ejected from communion of particular baptists; published various works, including autobiography, 1797.
^ John Martin (1789–1854), historical and landscape painter; apprenticed to coach-painter and subsequently to china-painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1812; exhibited Joshua 1816, which obtained prize from British Institution; sent other pictures to British Institution, including The Fall of Babylon 1819, and Belshazzar's Feast 1821, considered his finest work, which obtained premium of 200l.; exhibited The Fall of Nineveh at Brussels, 1833; elected member of Belgian Academy and given order of Leopold; died while engaged on a series of three large pictures of Apocalypse, 1863; his artistic work marked by wild imaginative power.
^ John Martin (1791–1856), bibliographer; London bookseller: librarian at Woburn, 1836: wrote description of Bedfordshire churches in local papers; published Bibliographical Catalogue of Books privately printed 1834, History... of Woburn 1846, and other works; F.S.A. and F.L.
^ John Martin (1789–1869) meteorologist; M.D.; London physician; made meteorological charts; publishedAn Account of the Natives of the Tonga Islands 1817; died at Lisbon.
^ John Martin (1812–1875), Irish nationalist; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1834; travelled abroad; member of Repeal Association; subsequently joined secession of Young Ireland party: took prominent part in meetings i.f Irish confederation, and contributed to Mitcbel's United Irishman; on arrest of Mitchel, 1848, issued "The Irish Felonand was arrested: exhorted people from Newgate to retain arms In spite of proclamation, 1848: convicted of treason- felony and transported to Van Diemen's Land, 1849; allowed to return. 1866; prosecuted for violent speech at funeral at Dublin of Manchester Martyrs 1867; home rule M.P., co. Meath, 1871-6: secretary to Home Rule League; known in Ireland as Honest John Martin
^ John Frederick Martin (1744–1808). engraver. brother of Ellas Martin.
^ Jonathan Martin (1715-1737), organist to Chapel Royal, Londou, 1736, and once chorister; composed To thee, O gentle sleep in Tamerlane.
^ Jonathan Martin (1782–1838), incendiary; brother of John Martin (1789-1864), the painter; apprentice to a tanner: pressed for the navy, 1804; subsequently farm labourer, Wesleyan, and disturber of church services; confined In asylum for threatening to shoot bishop of Oxford, 1817: escaped, and was excluded from methodist societies; wrote his biography, 1826: set fire to York Minster, 1829; tried and confined as a lunatic.
^ Josiah Martin (1683–1747), quaker: classical scholar: published A Letter from one of the People called Quakers to Francis de Voltaire 1741, and other works.
^ Leopold Charles Martin (1817–1889), miscellaneous writer: son of John Martin (1789-1854), toe painter: published with his brother Civil Costumes of England 1842, and other works; skilful artist and authority on costume and numismatics.
^ Martin Martin (d. 1719), author ; visited western islands of Scotland: published Voyage to St. Kilda 1698, and A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland 1703.
^ Mary Letitia Martin (1815–1850), novelist; 'Mrs. Bell Martin of Ballinahinch Castle, co. Galway; married Arthur Qonne Bell, 1847; became impoverished; published Julia Howard 1850, and other works; died at New York.
^ Matthew Martin (1748–1838), naturalist and philanthropist: Exeter tradesman; member of Bath Philosophical Society: published works on natural history; investigated and wrote report on London mendicity, 1803.
^ Peter John nMartin (1786-1860), geologist; received medical education at London hospitals and Edinburgh: M.R.C.S.; joined his father in practice at Pulborough; wrote Geological Memoir on a part of Western Sussex 1828, and contributed geological, archaeological, and gardening articles to various publications.
^ Sir Richard Martin (1534–1617), master of the mint and lord mayor of London: goldsmith to Queen Elizabeth: warden, 1560-95, and (1581-1617) master of the mint; as master of the mint, issued report, 1601; lord mayor, 1581, 1689, and 1594; removed from aldermanship for debt, 1602; knighted by Queen Elizabeth; president of Christ's Hospital, London, 1593-1602.
^ Richard Martin (1670–1618), recorder of London: commoner of Broadgates Hall, Oxford; expelled from Middle Temple for riot, 1591; M.P., Barnstaple, 1601; barrister, 1602; recorder of London, 1618; celebrated as a wit.
^ Richard Martin (1764–1834), ' Humanity Martin *; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; Irish MJ*. for Jamestown, 1776-83, Lanesborough, 1798-1800, Galway (first united parliament), 1801-26; owned extensive estates at Connemara; supported union; friend of George IV; supported catholic emancipation; succeeded in carryingfirst modern legislation for protecting animals 1822; a founder of Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1824; worked to abolish death penalty for forgery, and to secure counsel for prisoners charged with capital crimes; declined peerage; elected to parliament, 1826, but his name erased, 1827; withdrew to Boulogne, where he died.
^ Robert Montgomery Martin (1803?–1868), historical writer and statistician; travelled as botanist d k " ra, U8t hl f eyl, Africa Au8tralia Ind"a JL? A 1WVal "t** 1 " * 8eonoff coasts of Africa, Madagascar, and South-Eastern Islands 1823j member of court of East India Company! *- 15 on mission to Jamaica
^ Samuel Martin (1817-1878), congregational minister; of bad neighbourhood; took active part in management of Westminster Hospital,.Loudon; chairman of Congregational Union, 1862; published sermons and other works.
^ Sir Samuel Martin (1801–1883), baron of the exchequer; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1832; hon. LL.D., 1857; barrister, Middle Temple, I860; Q.C., 1843: liberal M.P. for Pontefract, 1847; baron of exchequer, 1850-74; knighted, 1850.
^ Sarah Martin (1791–1843), prison visitor ; dressmaker and Sunday school teacher; visited the notorious Yarmouth gaol and workhouse; preached and gave instruction, 1819-41: exerted great influence over the criminals; wrote poems and journals.
^ Thomas Martin (1697–1771), antiquary; ' Honest Tom Martin of Palgrave; clerk to his brother Robert, attorney; settled at Palgrave, Suffolk, 1723: F.S.A. 1720; his collections afterwards published by Richard Gough as The History of Thetford 1779.
^ Thomas Barnewall Martin (f. 1847), M.P., co. Galway, 1832-47; sou of Richard Humanity) Martin
^ Sir Thomas Byam Martin (1773–1854), admiral of the fleet;captain's servantin the Pegasus, 1786; captured the Tamise, 1796, and while commanding various ships off Irish and French coasts, and in West Indies, the Immortalite, 1798, and large number of privateers and other ships; had large share in capture of Russian ship Sewolod, 1808; received Swedish order of the Sword; rear-admiral, 1811; took part in defence of Riga, 1812; comptroller of the navy, 1816-31; M.P., Plymouth, 18181831; G.C.B., 1830; admiral of the fleet, 1849.
^ William Martin (1696?–1756), admiral; entered navy, 1708; served on various ships and stations; commanded squadron which enforced neutrality of Naples, 1742, and protected Italy against Spaniards: vice-admiral, 1744; commanded fleet at Lisbon and in North Sea; retired, 1747; linguist and classical scholar,
^ William Martin (1767–1810), naturalist : actor and, later, dra wing- master; F.L.S., 1796; published 'Figures and Descriptions of Petrifications collected in Derbyshire 1793, and other works.
^ William Martin (fl. 1766–1821), painter; assistant to Cipriani; exhibited Shakespearean and classical subjects and portraits at the Royal Academy.
^ William Martin (1772–1851), natural philosopher and poet; brother of John Martin (1789-1854) and of Jonathan Martin (1782-1838); ropemaker; announced discovery of perpetual motion and collapse of Newtonian system; gained medal from Society of Arts for spring weighing machine, 1814, and exhibited other inventions; affected great singularity of dress and founded Martinean Society 1814, in opposition to Royal Society; works include W. M.'s Challenge to the whole Terrestrial Globe 1829.
^ William Martin (1801–1867), writer for the young; woollen-draper's assistant at Woodbridge and subsequently schoolmaster at U x bridge: returned to Woodbridge, 1836, and gained livelihood by writing and lecturing; author of Peter Parley's Annual 1840-67, various books of simple instruction, and household tracts.
^ Sir William Martin (1807–1880), scholar and first chief-justice of New Zealand; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1831; M.A., 1832; gained classical and mathematical distinctions; barrister, 1836; chiefjustice of New Zealand, 1841; supported rights of natives and protested against Lord Grey's instructions, 1847; D.C.L. Oxford, 1861; knighted, 1861.
^ William Charles Linnaeus Martin (1798–1864), writer on natural history; son of William Martin (1767-1810); superintendent of museum of Zoological Society, 1830-8; wrote several volumes in Farmer's Library
^ Sir William Fanshawe Martin , fourth baronet (1801-1895), admiral; son of Sir Thomas Byarn Martin; entered navy, 1813; lieutenant, 1820: commander, 1823; served with distinction at Callao at time of civil war: post captain, 1824; in Mediterranean, 1826-31; commodore in command of Lisbon squadron, 1849-52; rear-admiral, 1853: su;.. pint,.,a,-nt of Portsmouth dcx-kyanl. 1853 - nil, 1858; lonl of fulmiralty, 1859; commanded with gn-at rk'nur on tcrranean station, 1860-3: admiral. 1863; succeeded to baronetcy on a cousin's death, 1863: comnwiider-in-ohirf -it Portsmouth, 1866-9: G.C.B., 187U: rear-admiral of United Kingdom, 1878.
^ Adam Martindale (1683–1686), presbyterlan divine; tutor and schoolmaster: later deputy quartermaster; tookcovenant 1643; became preacher at Manchester and vicar of Rostbeme, Cheshire, 1648; sympathised with rising of George Booth (1622-1684); deprived, 1662: preached and taught mathematics; ch.-iplain to Lord Delamer (Sir George Booth ) lit Dunham, 1671; took out licence, 1672: imprisoned on groundless suspicion?, 168ft; works include controversial publications and an autobiography.
^ Miles Martindale (1756–1824), Wesleyan minister; preacher in Cheshire; governor of Woodhouse Grove school, 1816; published sermons, poems, and other works.
^ Sir Gabriel Martindell or Martindall (1766?-1831), major-general in Bast India Company's service; ensign in Bengal native infantry, 1776; distinguished himself in Mahratta war, 1804-6: held commands in India: major-general, 1813; K.C.B., 1815; commander of field army, 1820.
^ George Martine, the elder (1635–1712), historian of St. Andrews: commissary clerk, but deprived for refusing to take oath, 1690; secretary to Archbishop Sharp; his Reiquiae divi Andreae published, 1727.
^ George Martine, the younger (1702–1741), physician; son of George Martine the elder: M.D. Leyden, 1725; accompanied CathcartV American expedition, 1740, and various expeditions against Carthagena; published scientific works.
^ Harriet Martineau (1802–1876), miscellaneous writer; daughter of Norwich manufacturer and sister of James Martineau; of Huguenot origin: unitarian: suffered from feeble health and deafness: attracted by philosophical books: contributed article on Female Writers on Practical Divinity to the Monthly Repository 1821, followed by other papers, and published short tales; went through long illness and was left penniless, 1829; published successful works, Illustrations of Political Economy 1832 -4, Poor Law and Paupers Illustrated 1833. and Illustrations of Taxation 1834; came to London; became acquainted with literary celebrities, and was consulted by cabinet ministers: visited America, 1834-6, and wroteSociety in America 1837, and a 'Retrospect of Western Travel 1838; publishedDeerbrook a novel, 1839; visited Venice and returned seriously ill; published The Playfellow * series and other books: tried mesmerism and recovered, 1844; friend of Wordsworth; travelled in Egypt and Palestine, and published Eastern Life 1848, and History of England during the Thirty Years Peace 1849: published Atkinson'sLetters on the Laws of Man's Social Nature and Development 1851, containing anti-theological views; brought out condensed translation of Comte's Philosophic Positive 1853; contributed to the Daily News and Edinburgh Review and wrote, among other works, an autobiography, which was published posthumously.
^ James Martineau (1805–1900), Unitarian divine ; educated at Norwich grammar school under Edward Valpy, and at Bristol under Lant Carpenter; apprenticed as civil engineer, 1821; studied divinity at Manchester College, York, 1822-7; assistant in Lant Carpenter's school at Bristol, 1827: assistant pastor of Eustace St reet congregation, Dublin, 1828: ordained, 1828; chief promoter and first secretary ofIrish Unitarian Christian Society 1830; colleague with John Grundy (1782-1843) at Paradise Street Chapel, Liverpool, 1832, and sole pastor, 1835, continuing in that office despite other appointments elsewhere till 1857 (the chapel removed to Hope Street, 1849); published Rationale of Religious Enquiry 1836; professor of mental and moral philosophy and political economy from 1840 to 1857 at Manchester New College (removed from Manchester, 1853, to University Hall, Gordon Square, London): joint editor with John James Tayler q. v.l and Charles Vi,-k.t,l of Prospective Review? 1846-64, and contril.utoi (1855-64) much toNational Review which i:. H. Huttou and Walter Bagehot 1 professor of mental, moral, and religious n " Manchester New College, 1867-69: ___ in charge of Little Portland Street Chapel and sole pastor, 1860-71; principal of Manchester New College, 1869-85; D.D. Edinburgh, 1884; DXJ.l. 1888: Lltt.D. Dublin, 1892. HI. publications Include 'Ideal Substitutes for God 1879.Study of . -Tvi.-nf Kt:...-.,: rbMfjJ i--:,. --:..:i.,,f 1888:Seat of Authority In Religion 1890, and two volumes of hymns.
^ Robert Braithwaite Martineau (1816–1869), painter: educated at University College, London; first exhibited at Royal Academy. 1852.
^ Russell Martineau (1811–1898), orientalist: son of Jamen Martineau; educated at Heidelberg and University College, London: M.A. London, 1864; joined staff of British Museum Library. 1857, and was asBlstankeeper, 1884-98; lecturer on Hebrew language and literature at Manchester New College, London, 18671H66, and professor, 1866-74; published philosophical and other writings.
^ Benjamin Martyn (1699–1763), miscellaneous writer; nephew of Henry Martin; examiner at the custom bouse, secretary to Society for Colony of Georgia, and (1733) published account; original member of Society for Encouragement of Learning, 1736:: j mental in erecting Shakespeare's monument in West ; minster Abbey; composed life of first Earl of Sbaftes bury, unsatisfactory and suppressed: produced Timoleon (tragedy) at Drury Lane, 1730.
^ Elizabeth Martyn (1813–1846). See Inverarity.
^ Francis Martyn (1782–1838), Roman catholic divine: published Homilies on the Book of Tobias 1817, and other works.
^ Henry Martyn (1781–1812), missionary; senior wrangler and Smith's prizeman, St. John's College, Cam bridge; fellow, 1802; M.A., 1804; curate to Simeon at Holy Trinity, Cambridge, 1803: chaplain on Bengal esta blishment, 1805; opened church atCawnpore for natives; 1 translated New Testament and Prayer Book into Hindus i taiii. New Testament and Psalms into Persian, and Gospels i Into Judteo- Persic; visited Persia, and died at Tokat from I fever; left Journals and Letters edited, 1837.
^ John Martyn (1699–1768), botanist; translated Tournefort's works, The Compleat Herbal* and History of Plants growing about Paris; made excursions in country and collected botanical specimens: became secretary to botanical society meeting at Rainbow Coffeehouse; F.R.S., 1724; contributed to Bailey's Dictionary 1725, and lectured in London and at Cambridge, and practised as apothecary; published Historia Plantarum rariorum 1728-37, and, with Dr. Alexander Rnseel, l "The Grub Street Journal(styling himselfBavius, 1730-7; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1730: Cambridge professor of botany, 1732-68: corresponded with Sloane, Linnaeus, and others; collected material for an English dictionary; contributed to Philosophical Transactions; published editions of Virgil's Georgicks 1741. and Bucolicks 1749, and other works.
^ Richard Martyn or Martin (d. 1483), bishop of St. David's; LL.D. Cambridge; archdeacon of London, 1469, and member of king's council before 1471: prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1471, and Hereford, 1472; chancellor of the marches, 1471; served on commissions; master in chancery, 1472-7; perhaps bishop of Waterford and Lismore, 1472; archdeacon of Hereford and king's chaplain, 1476; chancellor of Ireland and ambassador to Castile, 1477; bishop of St, David's, 1482-4.
^ Thomas Martyn or Martin (d. 1597?), civilian and controversialist; fellow of New College. Oxford, 1538-53; member of College of Advocates, 1556; chancellor to Gardiner, bishop of Winchester and master in chancery; wrote treatise against marriage of priests, in 1553; took active part against Cranmer, Hooper, and others; went to Calais, 1556; master of requests, 1556; sent on mission to King Philip at Ghent, 1558; member of council of the north, 1557; commissioner to settle matters between England and Scotland, 1557; miscellaneous writer.
^ Thomas Martyn (fl. 1760–1816), natural history draughtsman and pamphleteer: established academy In Great Marlborough Street, London, where his books on natural history were prepared; published also political ,, v,.,-.,.;,
^ Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), botanist; son of John Martyn; studied at Emmanuel College, Camscholarships; fellow of Sidney Sussex incumbent of Lndgershall, Buckinghamshire, 1774, and Little Marlow, 1776; travelled abroad with a ward, 17781190: purchased Charlotte Street Chapel, Pimlico; pubUsbed translation and continuation of Rousseau's Letters on the Elements of Botany 1785; edited Miller's 'Gardener's Dictionary on Linnaean system, 1807, and other works; rector of Pertenhall, 1804; F.R.S., 1786; F.L.S., 1786.
^ William Martyn (1562–1617), lawyer and historian; barrister, Middle Temple, 1589; M.P., Exeter, 1597-8; recorder of Exeter, 1605-17; published The Historic and Lives of the Kings of England 1615 and 1638, and Youth's Instruction 1612.
^ Andrew Marvell, the elder (1586?–1641), divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1608; minister of Flamborough, 1610; incumbent of Winestead, 1814-24; master of grammar school, Hull, 1624; master of the Charterhouse and lecturer at Holy Trinity Church, e. 1624: drowned in the Humber; described by Fuller as excellent preacher.
^ Andrew Marvell , the younger (1621–1678), poet and satirist; son of Andrew Marvell the elder; educated under his father at Hull grammar school; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1638; contributed verses to Musa Oantabrigiensis 1637; travelled abroad; wrote poems, including satire on death of Thomas May; tutor to Mary, daughter of Lord Fairfax, e. 1650; wrote poems in praise of gardens and country life, and became ardent republican; recommended unsuccessfully to council of state by Milton to be his assistant in the secretaryship for foreign tongues, 1653; resided at Eton, In house of John Oxenhridge, as tutor of William Dutton, Cromwell's ward, 1653; became Milton's colleague in Latin secretaryship, 1657; wrote several poems in the Protector's honour, including Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland 1650, his greatest achievement (first printed, 1776) and elegy upon his death; thrice elected M.P., Hull, 1660 and 1661; guarded vigilantly interests of his constituents and corresponded with corporation; went to Holland, 1663; accompanied Earl of Carlisle, ambassador to northern powers, as secretary, 1663-5, publishing an account of the mission, 1669; vigorously defended Milton; opposed Bill for Securing the Protestant Religion, 1677; became disgusted at management of public affairs, and wrote, for private circulation, bitter satires, first attacking ministers, but afterwards Charles II himself, and advocating republic; wrote the Rehearsal Transprosed 1672 and 1678, against Samuel Parker, afterwards bishop of Oxford, a leading champion of intolerance; took part al.o in controversy about predestination, 1 678; wrote, anonymously, Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England 1677, which produced great sensation; according to his biographer, Cooke, refused court favours; intimate with James Harrington and Milton; wrote prefatory lines extolling themighty poetto second edition ofParadise Lost and rebuked Dryden for attempting to convert it into a rhyming opera; as pamphleteer was admired by Swift; his work as poet belongs to pre- Restoration period.
^ Charles Thomas Marvin (1 854–4890),' writer on Russia; resided in Russia, 1870-6; while writer at foreign office disclosed secret treaty with Russia to the 'Globe 1878, and published an account of the secret treaty of 1878; sent to Russia by Joseph Cowen, 1882; wrote several books on Russia, including The Russians at the Gates of Herat 1886.
^ William Marwood (1820–1883), public executiouer; introduced the long drop
^ Mary I (1516–1558), queen of England and Ireland ; third but only "nrviving child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Arragon; tentatively betrothed to son of Francis I, and subsequently to the Emperor Charles V; made princess or governor of Wales at Ludlow Castle, 1 525; studied Greek, Latin, French, Italian, science, and music, and read Erasmus's Paraphrases and More's Utopia; attended by Countess of Salisbury, mother of Reginald Pole; was separated from her mother on Queen Catherine's divorce, 1532, but boldly avowed sympathy with her; was declared illegitimate, 1533, but refused to give up title of princess; sent to Hatfleld to reside there with her half-sister Princess Elizabeth, under care of Lady Shelton, aunt of Anne Boleyn; ill-treated, denounced by Henry, and her life threatened; received much public sympathy and had a protector in the Emperor Charles V; after Queen Anne Boleyn's execution was reconciled vith Henry VIII on acknowledging her illegitimacy and the king's ecclesiastical supremacy; chief mourner at funeral of Queen Jane Seymour, 1537; proposed in marriage to Duke Philip of Bavaria, 1539; declared capable of inheriting crown after Henry's legitimate children, 1544; translated Erasmus's Latin paraphrase of St. John; on friendly terms with her half-brother Edward and her half-sister Elizabeth after her father's death and Edward's succession to the throne, 1547; received proposal of marriage from Lord Seymour; refused to give up mass on passing of Act of Uniformity, 1549; was supported by Charles V, who prepared for her escape to the continent; on Edward VI's death and proclamation as queen of Lady Jane Grey, took refuge at Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, 1553; on country declaring for her accession to the throne, journeyed to London, and was proclaimed queen 18 July; released Duke of Norfolk, Stephen Gardiner, and other prisoners in the Tower of Londou; first queen regnant of England; announced her intention abroad to re-introduce Homan Catholicism, but promised in England that religion should be settled by common consent; restored Gardiner and Bonner to their sees and made Gardiner chancellor and chief adviser, 1553; executed the Duke of Northumberland, but for the time spared Lady Jane Grey; crowned with great splendour, 1 Oct. 1553; in first parliament abolished new treasons and felonies and Edward VI's religious laws; had her legitimacy declared; announced (contrary to Gardiner's and to the French ambassador's wishe-) intention of marrying her cousin Philip of Spain, a suitor agreeable to her on account of his fanatical Roman Catholicism; evoked by her steadfast pursuit of this project three insurrections, 1554; showed courage in rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who marched into London but was defeated in the city; executed Wyatt, Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey and her husband, and many others, and imprisoned Princess Elizabeth; began campaign against protestantism and expelled married clergy; married Philip of Spain at Winchester, 25 July, 1564, and pardoned Elizabeth; with Philip opened parliament which reversed Cardinal Pole's attainder and passed acts restoring papal power; imagined herself to be pregnant; gave consent to re-enactment of statute against lollardy and set on foot great persecution, ninety-six protestants suffering death, including Bishop Hooper, during 1555, and three hundred before end of the reign; restored some of the property taken by the crown from the church and re-established many monasteries; had disputes with her husband, who left the country (Aug. 1555): suffered from continued ill-health and grief caused by Philip's absence; received Philip at Greenwich, 1567; agreed to join in his schemes of war with France; said farewell to Philip, July 1557; successfully resisted appointment by the pope of new legate in place of Pole, 1557; demanded forced loans to support war against France and Scotland; lost Calais, Jan. 1658; took measures during her last days to secure accession of Elizabeth; buried in Westminster Abbey. Religious devotion to the catholic faith was the central feature of Mary's life, inducing her to marry Philip, one of the great errors of her reign, and to persecute her protestant subjects. Owing mainly to her persecution of the protestants, her personal character has been assailed with fanatical animosity,
^ Mary U (1662–1694), queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland; eldest child of James II and Anne Hyde, lived with her grandfather, Clarendon, at Twickenham.;md later at Richmond P.ihice; brought tip a protrstan: n-i-ived r.MOM irm nmpmn, bishop of London; rrwrru-d William of Orange, tin- marriage being part of Danby's policy for pacifying parliament; left with her husband for Holland, 1677; at first n! tM by William; received visit* from the Duke and DH.II.S of York and from Monmouth, 1679; received the latter again, 1685; obtained great popularity itch by her noble and amiable character; estranged from English court on expedition of Monniouth; promised William that he should always bear rule. 1686; obliged to dismiss Burnet, 1687; joined with William in protesting against Declaration of Indulgence; received proselytising letters from her father, James II, 1687-8; identified herself completely with William In subsequent events; believed birth of Prince of Wales a fraud. 1688; repudiated idea of reigning as sole sovereign i-tod by Danby); arrived in England, 1689; accepted crown with William and assented to Declaration of Righto; interfered little in public affairs, bat was very popular; settled at Hampton Oourt and Kensington Palace; endeavoured to improve social morals, and in accordance with her puritan opinions abolished singing of prayers at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall; became estranged from her sinter, Princess Anne; governed England during William's absence, and in a time of great crisis, 1690-1; exercised wise patronage in church matters, and endeavoured to obtain lenient treatment for nonjuring bishops; alarmed by conspiracy of Anne and the Marlboroughf, 1692; administered government, 1692; disturbed by fears of a French invasion, conspiracies against her life and that of William, and William's defeats in Holland; addressed letter of confidence to the navy; issued orders to magistrates for enforcing law against vice; resumed regency, 1698 and 1694; requested and obtained loan from city of London of 300,0007.: died of small-pox, to the great grief of William and England and Holland, her scheme of Greenwich Hospital being carried out by William in memory of her; buried in Henry VII's chapel, Westminster Abbey. Obliged by fate to choose between father and husband, she chose the latter, making devotion to William Ill's interest* almost a religious duty, but retaining kindly feelings for James II till his connivance in Grand vaal's attempt on William's life, 1692. She endowed William and Mary Missionary College, Virginia, and supported S.P.C.K.
^ Mary of Modena (1658–1718), queen of James II of England; only daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena; brought up religiously and strictly; intended becoming a nun; married James, duke of York, through influence of Louis XIV, who aimed at England's conversion and subservience to French policy, 1673; received with great honours on tor way to England at Versailles and elsewhere; found favour at court and was attached to her husband's daughters, Mary and Anne, but shared unpopularity of James with the public; gave birth to five children, 16751682, who all died young; visited Mary in Holland, 1678; her secretary, Edward Coleman (d. 1678), fatally Involved in thePopish plot though she herself was innocent; accompanied James, on his withdrawal from England, to the Netherlands, 1679, and to Scotland; returned with him to England, 1680, and again to Scotland; finally came to London with him, 1682; on accession of James II to the throne became identified with aggressive Roman catholic faction; became ill and distressed by the king's infidelities, 1685; announced her pregnancy, 1687; gave birth to Prince of Wales, 1688, an event beyond question, but then commonly disbelieved, suspicion being greatly increased by absence of the proper witnesses; fled to France, followed soon afterwards by James; in contrast with James made very favourable impression on French court; supported schemes for Invasion of England and for exciting religious war; corresponded with Jacobites; resided at St. Germains Palace, retiring frequently to nunnery at Chaillot; gave birth to Princess Louisa, 1692; received with James pension of fifty thousand crowns a month from Louis, and after bis death, 1701, annuity of a hundred thousand francs: buried at Chaillot; was praised by St. Simon and Madame de Sevigne, but was always unpopular in England.
^ Mary Queen of Scots (1542–1587), third child and only daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise; queen in infancy on her father's death, 164*: sent to France, 1548, the agreement for her marriage with the dauphin of France (Pn: y the estate*: educated with royal children of Prance: brought up strict Roman catholic, and taught various accomplishments, but not English: famou* for her beauty and grace; the great hope of Catholicism; married Francis, 1558, and made secret treaty delivering Scotland to France in case of her death without heir: laid claim to English throne on dengreat-granddaughter of Henry 1 Mtb of Mary I, 15*8, as VII; styled berseU qoasn her husband Praneto IPs of England; was prostrated by 1 death, 1560; entertained various proposals of marriage which were brought forward by the Guises, bat obstructed by Catherine de Medici: determined to return to Scotland; arrived, 1561, accompanied by Brantome, Chastelard, and others; heard mass in her chapel; bad stormy with Knox, who had denounced the idolatry; informed the pope of her determination to restore Catholicism; carried on negotiation* with Elizabeth for a reconciliation, 1: entered into sports of the nobles and life of the people, and disarmed hostility: conferred on the protestant Lord James Stewart, afterwards earl of Moray (1531 7-1670), the title of Earl of Mar, and sanctioned expedition against George Gordon, fourth earl of Hnntly, 1562: sent Maltland to England to claim right of succession to Elizabeth, 1563; showed imprudent partiality for Chastelard, who was executed, after being found concealed in her bedroom, 1563; ber project of marriage with Don Carlos of Spain thwarted by the French; pretended to be guided in choice of a husband by Elizabeth, who proposed the Earl of Leicester, 1563; married in 1565 Henry Stewart, earl of Darnley, thus strengthening her claims as heir-presumptive and defying Elizabeth; marched with a force to Glasgow to capture Moray and rebellious lords, on which Moray took refuge in England; determined to make herself absolute and to impose Roman catholic-ism on the country; quarrelled with Darnley, who was supported ly the nobles; her favourite, Rizzio, murdered, 156G; determined on revenge, but for the time was reconciled to ber husband; fled to Dunbar with Darnley and entered Edinburgh with a powerful force; gave birth to a prince (afterwards James I of England), 1566; became finally estranged from Darnley and showed more marked favour to James Hepburn, fourth earl of Bothwell; visited Darnley at Glasgow, 1567; persuaded him to accompany her to Edinburgh, and was met by Bothwell, who conveyed them to a house in Kirk-oField, which was blown up in her temporary absence, Darnley being killed; was probably actuated, in conniving at the murder, by motives of revenge and love for Bothwell; co-operated with Bothwell and others in making trial of murderers a fiasco, and left for Seton with Bothwell and others implicated; was carried off to Dunbar, probably at her own instigation: refused offer of a rescue; married to Bothwell at Edinburgh with protestant rites, 1567; consented to prohibition of cathedral services throughout Scotland, 1567; joined Bothwell, who had escaped from Borth wick Castle, and rode with him to Dunbar; delivered herself to the lords at Carberry Hill, and was imprisoned at Locbleven, 1567; was allowed to choose between a divorce, a trial at which the Casket letters were to be adduced as evidence, and abdication: chose the last and nominated Moray regent; escaped from Lochleven (1568) with George Douglas to Hamilton Palace, where she was joined by nobles and six thousand men; watched the battle of Langside, and seeing all was lost escaped to England, 1568; guarded closely at Carl'sle and denied interview by Elizabeth till she had cleared herself of Darnley's murder; refused to allow Elizabeth's jurisdiction when conferences meeting at York and Westminster finally reached a formal verdict that nothing bad been proved against either party: was nevertheless kept for life a prisoner by Elizabeth; removed to care of Earl of Shrewsbury, 1569, to Tutbury, and to Wingfleld; accepted proposal of marriage with Norfolk, and joined plot formed for her escape and for a catholic rising, 1569: on advance of Northumberland and Westmorland to Tutbury was Sheffield; her death contemplated by Elizabeth after R idol ft plot, 1572, and the massacre of t. Bartholomew; made plans for escape, but achieved nothing by treating with both parties; proposed to pope and Philip conquest of England, and superintended details of projected in ration under toe Duke of Ouiae; was accused unjustly by Countess of Shrewsbury of criminal intrigues with Shrewsbury, and removed onoe more to Wingfii-ld: was ignored by her son James VI in negotiations between England and Scotland, 1684, on which she bequeathed her crown to Philip II of Spain: was removed to Tutbury and then to Ohartley, 1686: involved lT,i-lf. through facilities afforded her by Walsingbatn, in the Babington conspiracy; was removed to Fotheringay; put on her trial there, 1586, condemned to death, and was at length executed, 1687, Elizabeth maintaining that she bad never intended the execution to take place. A woman of much cultivation, she wrote verse of no great merit. Adieu plaisant pays de France sometimes ascribed to her, was* really written by Meusuier de Querlon.
^ Mary of Gueldres (d. 1463), queen of James II of Scotland: daughter of Arnold, duke of Queldres; brought np by Philip the Good of Burgundy; married James II, 1449: on death of James at Roxburgh, 1460, set out for the camp with the infant king and took the castle; regent of Scotland during James Ill's minority; received Margaret and Henry VI after defeat at Towton, 1461.
^ Mary of Guise (1515–1560), queen of James V of Scotland, and mother of Mary Queen of Scots ; daughter of Claude, count of Guise; married Louis of Orleans, 1534, and gave birth to a son, Francis, 1635: sought in marriage by Henry VIII on death of her husband, 1537; married James V of Scotland at Paris, 1538, and brought him as dower 150,000 livres; after giving birth to two princes, who died, became mother of a daughter, Mary, 1542; almost at the same time received news of disaster of Solway Moor and death of James; failed in preventing nomination to regency of James Hamilton, second earl of Arran and duke of Chatelherault, who as next heir after the infant princess was regent according to constitutional precedent, but being a protestant and supporter of English interests came under her displeasure; carried off by David Beaton , her chief adviser, with her daughter to Stirling, 1543: accused of too great familiarity with Beaton; accepted French offers of help against England, on which war was declared; desired to marry her daughter in France, but was opposed by Arran and Beaton; secured support of the Douglases, 1544, and was left leading figure in Scotland by murder of Beaton, 1546; resisted Somerset's attempts to force Mary's marriage with Edward VI; showed great courage in subsequent disasters; obtained consent of nobles and parliament to Mary's marriage with the dauphin, 1548; sent the princess to France; made peace, 1650; went to France and was received with great honour: on her way back to Scotland visited Edward VI, 1551; became regent of Scotland, 1554; bent on bringing Scotland into line with policy of her family, the Guises; but in order to promote French marriage was obliged to temporise with protestant party; provoked war with England, 1657, but failed to raise force for invasion; succeeded in bringing about marriage of Mary and dauphin, 1688, and subsequently (1559) treated reformers with severity, with the result that civil war broke out; received help from France, while the protestante were encouraged by Cecil, by English money, and the aid of Arran; fortified Leith with French help on approach of English force to besiege Leith, took refuge in Edinburgh Castle and died there.
^ Mary of France (1496–1533) queen of Louis XII, king of France: daughter of Henry VII by Elizabeth of York; betrothed to Charles, prince of Castile (afterwards Emperor Charles V), 1508, but contract subsequently broken off, 1814; married by Henry VIII to Louis XII at Abbeville, 1614: on his death (1515) married in France Charles Brandon, first duke of Suffolk, to the annoyance of Henry VIII, who was, however, pacified by large gift* of money; gave birth to a son, 1516, and to two daughters, one, Frances, being mother of Lady Jane Grey; present at Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520; disliked Anne Boleyn, and refused to go with her and Henry to meeting with Francis 1, 1632.
^ Mary, Princess Royal of England and Princess of Orange( 1631-1660), eldest daughter of Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria; celebrated for her beauty and intelligence: married William, son of Frederick Henry, prince of Orange, 1641; went to Holland, 1642, and welcomed Charles and James, 1648: gave birth to son, afterwards William III of England, after death of her husband, 1650: made guardian of young prince, 1651; disliked by the Dutch, whose sympathies were with Cromwell; received Charles II secretly, 1651, and helped her brothers and tlu'ir adherents liberally; finally forbidden by the Dutch States to receive them on outbreak of war between England and Holland, 1652; her son William formally elected stadtholder by Zealand and several northern provinces, but excluded from his father's military dignities; visited Charles II at Cologne and Paris, 1656; courted by Buckingham and others; became sole regent, 1658, opposed by Dona, governor of town of Orange; invoked help of Louis XIV of France, who took Orange, 1660; took part in festivities at the Hague on Charles's restoration; visited England and died there of small-pox.
^ Mary (1723–1772), princess of Hesse; daughter of George II and Queen Caroline; married Frederic, hereditary prince, afterwards landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, 1740; separated from him on his turning Roman catholic, 1754, and resided with her children at Hanau.
^ Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1776–1857), fourth daughter of George III ; mentioned by Miss Burney; married William Frederick, second duke of Gloucester, 1816.
^ of Buttermere Mary (fl. 1802). See Mary Robinson.
^ Viscounts Maryborough . See MOLYNEUX, SIR Richard first VISCOUNT, 1593–1636; MOLYNEUX, Sir Richard second VISCOUNT, 161 7 7-1654?; MOLYNEUX, Garyll third VISCOUNT, 1621–1699.
^ Maryborough first BARONET. See William Wellesley-Pole, 1763–1845.
^ Stephen De Marzai (d. 1193). see Stephen.
^ Edward James Mascall (d. 1832), collector of customs for port of London, 1816; published works on the customs.
^ Leonard Mascall (d. 1589), author and translator; clerk of the kitchen to Archbishop Parker; possibly author of A Booke of the Arte... howe to plant and graffe all sortes of trees 1572, and works on poultry, cattle, fishing, and remedies; drew up Registrum parochise de Farnham 1573.
^ Robert Mascall (d. 1416), bishop of Hereford ; distinguished himself at Oxford in philosophy and theology; confessor to Henry IV, c. 1400; bishop of Hereford, 1404; took part in condemnation of Oobham, 1413; delegate to council of Constance, 1415;De Legationibus suis lib. i and sermons attributed to him.
^ Paul Mascarene (1684–1760), lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia; of Huguenot family; educated at Geneva; nationalised in England, 1706, commanded grenadiers at storming of Port Royal; brevet major; lieutenant-governor of Annapolis, 1740, and of province, 1744; defended fort against Indians and French, 1744, in spite of state of garrison and neglect by authorities; sent on mission to New England by Oornwallis, 1751; major-general, 1768; his services inadequately recompensed,
^ Michael Maschiart (1644–1698), Latin poet; perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1662; D.O.L., 1573; vicar of Writtle, Essex, 1572-98; reputed author of Poemata Varia
^ Francis Maseres (1731–1824), mathematician, historian, and reformer; of Huguenot family; B.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1762; first Newcastle medallist, 1752; M.A.,1755; fellow, 1756-9; barrister, Inner Temple, 1750, and later, bencher and treasurer; attorney-general of Quebec, 1766-9; cursitor baron of exchequer, 1773-1824; senior judge of London sheriffscourt, 1780; zealous protestant and whig; Unitarian; inherited great wealth, which he generously employed; F.R.S., 1771; published several mathematical works, and rejected negative quantities; wrote several books on Quebec, and on social and political questions, including translations from French writers; edited reprints of historical works, and supplk-d funds for other publications.
^ Abigail Masham, Lady Masham (d. 1734), daughter of Francis Hill, first cousin of Sarah, dnrlirs* of Marlborough, and related to { Harley; entered service of Lady Rivers, and subsequently j lived with the Duchess of Marlborongh; made bedchamber woman to Queen Anne by the latter influence; sympathised with Anne's opinions on church and state matter*, and trnuiually supplanted the duchess in Anne's favour: married privately Samuel Masham (167 groom of the bedchamber to Prince Qeorge of Denmark , 1707; ki-pt Mutt-n's favour in spite of the duchess's iinliu'iiatinii: in.. i..mi llarlry's communications with Ann. after his fall, 1708; given care of privy pone on dismissal of the duchess, 1711, and her husband made peer; procured Harley's dismissal, and sided with Bolingbroke and the Jacobites, 1714; lived in retirement after death of Aiine; much esteemed by Swift.
^ Damaris Masham, Lady Masham (1658–1708), theological writer; daughter of Ralph Cud worth; stiiiluit under her father and Locke; married Sir Francis Masham, third baronet, of Gates, Essex, 1686; gave birth to a son, 1686; adopted the views of John Locke, who resided at Gates from 1691 till bis death in 1704; published A Discourse concerning the Love of God 1696, 'Occasional Thoughts c. 1700, and account of Locke in Great Historical Dictionary
^ Samuel Masham , first Baron Masham (1679V1758), son of Sir Francis Masham, third baronet; successively page, equerry, and groom of the bedchamber to Prince George of Denmark; married Abigail Hill, 1707 see MASHAM, ABIGAIL, LADY; brigadier-general, 1710: M.P., nchester, 1710, Windsor, 1711; cofferer of household to Qneeu Anne, 1711; one of twelve tory peers created, 1712; remembrancer of the exchequer, 1716; belonged to famous Society of Brothers.
^ Samuel Masham , second Baron Masham (1712 177*. ), son of Samuel Masham, first baron Ma-ham; auditor-general of household of George, prince of Wales; given pension by George III, 1761; lord of the bedchamber, 1762; hated by Swift.
^ William Maskell (1814?–1890), medievalist ; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1838; extreme high churchman; attacked Bishop Stanley of Norwich for his support of relaxation of subscription, 1840; rector of Corscombe, Dorset, 1842-7; vicar of St. Mary Church, near Torquay, 1847-60; published Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England 1844, and other works, which placed him in front rank of English ecclesiastical historians; chaplain to Bishop of Exeter; published Holy Baptism 1848, and other works; questioned jurisdiction of privy council in Gorham case (see GORHAM, GEORGE CORNELIUS); became Roman catholic, 1860; acquiesced unwillingly in dogma of papal infallibility; lived in retirement and devoted himself to literature and collecting mediaeval service books and objects; JJP. and deputylieutenant for Cornwall.
^ Nevil Maskelyne (1732–1811), astronomer royal : wrangler, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1754; fellow, 1767; M.A., 1767; D.D., 1777: obtained livings of Shrawardine, 1775, and North Runcton, 1782; assisted Bradley; sent by Royal Society to observe transit of Venus at St. Helena, 1761; was unsuccessful, but made other useful observations; astronomer royal, 1765; established theNautical Almanac 1766; made about ninety thousand observations, published, 1776-1811, with one assistant only; perfected method of transit-observation, 1772; obviated effects of parallax; invented prismatic micrometer (in part anticipated); Copley medallist for Observations on the Attraction of Mountains 1775: edited Mason's correction of Mayer'sLunar Tables 1787, and other works; wrote essay on Equation of Time member of French Institute, 1802; F.R.S., 1758.
^ Charles Mason (1616–1677), royalist divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1635; fellow, 1635-44; D.D.Oxford, 1642, Cambridge, 1660; deprived of fellowship, 1644; rector of Stower ProTOst, Dorset, 1647; rector of St. Mary Woolchnrch, London, 1660-6, and of St. Peter-le-Poor, London, 1669-77, and prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1663, and of Salisbury, 1671: published sermons and verse.
^ Charles Mason (1730–1787), astronomer: assistant to Bradley at Greenwich; with Dixou observed transit of Venus at Cape of Good Hope, 1761: settled boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1.63-7; measured an arc of the meridian, 1764: employed by Royal Society on mission at Cavan, Ireland, 1769; ob served second transit of Venus and other phenomena; .-...-!: r-I...I..: 1.-.-..:..;,
^ Francis Mason (ISM 7-1621), archdeacon of Norfolk: f. How of Merton College, Oxford, 1686; B.A. Brassnose College, Oxford, Itsf-M-A. Merton College, Oxford, 1590; B.D., 1597; obtained rectory of Sodboaro, with chapel of Grford in Suffolk. 1 699; wrote Of the Oonsecr* validity of their consecration, and exciting several answers from Roman catholic*; published Latin and enlarged editions, and other works.
^ Francis Mason (1837–1888). surgeon : PJLC.S , 1862; filial posts of surgeon and lecturer at "" and St. Thomas's hospitals and elsewhere; president of Kattoal BookStj, 180;;.,.,: lisa!,...r,.,
^ George Mason (1736–1806), miscellaneous writer: of Corpus Christl College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1761; collector of scarce books; published A Supplement to Johnson's " English Dictionary," 1801, Life of Richard Barl Howe 1803, and other works.
^ George Heming Mason (1818–1872), painter: travelled to Rome through France and Switserland with his brother, mostly on foot, 1843-5, and earned livelihood by painting portraits of English vUitors or settler* and their pet animals; tended the wounded daring Italian war; painted cattle in the Campagna; formed friendships with Frederic Lord Leightonand Costa: paintedPloughing in the Campagna 1866, and similar pictures; visited Paris exhibition, 1866; returned to England, married, and settled in family mansion at Whitby Abbey, 1868; painted Wind on the Wolds followed by series of English Idylls; exhibited at Academy and Dudley Gallery several fine pictures, including The Oast Shoe 1865, and the Harvest Moon (his last), 1872; A.R.A., 1869. Image at File:George Heming Mason by Valentine Cameron Prinsep.jpg.
^ George Henry Monck Mason (1826–1867), British resident at Jodhpore; nephew of Henry Joseph Monck Mason; dUtinguisht.il himself as assistant to agent at Rajpootaua from 1847, and as political agent at Kerowlee; resident at Jodhpore, 1867; provided for safety of Europeans on mutiny of the Jodbpore legion; accompanied troops to meet Sir George St. Patrick Lawrence , and was murdered by the rebels,
^ Henry Mason (1573?-1647) divine; brother of Francis Mason (1566 7-1621): M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1603; B.D., 1610; obtained several livings, including (1613) that of St. Andrew Uudersbaft, London; chaplain to bishop of London; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1616; works include "The New Art of Lying, covered by Jesuits 1624.
^ Henry Joseph Monck Mason (1778–1868), miscellaneous writer: brother of William Monck; scholar and gold medallist, Trinity College, Dublin; B.A., 1798; Irish barrister, 1800; examiner to prerogative court; subsequently librarian of King's Inns, 1816; corresponded with Robert Southey: organised societies for giving religious instruction to the Irish-speaking population, and for improvement of prisons: instrumental in founding Irish professorship and scholarships at Dublin University; LL.D. Dublin, 1817; works includeEssay on the Antiquity and Constitution of Parliaments in Ireland 1820.
^ James Mason ( fl. -1743–1783), landscape engraver; executed plates from pictures by Claude, Poossln, and contemporary English artists.
^ James Mason (1779–1827), miscellaneous writer: supporter of Fox; advocated abolition of slavery and catholic emancipation: published political pamphlets and The Natural Son (tragedy 1805, Literary Miscellanies,* 1809, and other works.
^ Sir John Mason (1503–1566), statesman; son of a cowherd at Abingdon; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; M.A., 1525; king's scholar at Paris; obtained living of Kyngeston, 1632; travelled abroad on the king's service for several years; secretary to Sir Thomas Wyatt (150J?-1641); gained reputation as diplomatist; clerk to privy council, 1542; master of the posts, 1544, and French secretary; knighted by Edward VI, 1547; searched registers to establish English wteraluty over Scotland, 154*; dean of Winchester, 1549; ambassador to Prance, 1560-1, and corresponded with council; master of requests and clerk of parliament, 1561; commissioner to collect church lands m JNew ttugiana; returned to i-jitnu treasurer and paymaster of the army, 1627; rec patents aud sailed again, 1629; associated Ferdiuando Gorges and six London u .52: obtained some of Somerset's lands; M.P., 1551 and 1552, Tauutoii, 1552-3; chancellor of Oxford University, 1552-6 and 1559-64; witness to Edward Vl's will, 1553; signed letter to Mary announcing proclamation of Jane, but soon afterwards arranged with lord mayor proclamation of Mary, 1553; gave op ecclesiastical offices, but, favoured by Mary, was mode treasurer of the chamber, 1554; ambassador to the Emperor Oharles V at Brussels, 1553-6, aud present at his abdication: reinstated in chancellorship and deanery at Elizabeth's accession; directed foreign policy and negotiated with Prance, 1559 and 1564.
^ John Mason (. 103), fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A., 1603; B.D.; brother of Francis Mason (1566?-1621)
^ John Mason (1588–1635), founder of New Hampshire; matriculated from Magdalen College, Oxford, 1602: assisted in reclamation of the Hebrides, 1610; governor of Newfoundland, 1615; completed first English map of the island, 1625, and wrote A Briefe Discovrse of the Newfoundland 1620; received various patents for lands in New England; returned to England, 1624; 27; received new with Sir merchants, obtained bind on Piscataqua river, 1631 (colony afterwards known as New Hampshire); returned, 1634; was appointed captain of Southsea Castle and inspector of forts and castles on south coast; nominated to council for New England, 1633, and vice-admiral of New England 1635; zealous churchman and royalist.
^ John Mason (1600–1672), New England commander; served in Netherlands under Sir Thomas, afterwards Baron Fairfax (1612-1671); went to Dorchester, Massachusetts, 1630, and obtained military command; assisted migration to Windsor, New Connecticut, 1635; with help of friendly Indians exterminated the Pequots, 1637; major-general of colonial forces, 1638-70; deputy-governor of Connecticut, 1660, and chief judge of colonial county court, 1664-70; prepared Brief History of the Pequot War.
^ John Mason (1646?–1694), enthusiast and poet; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1668; vicar of Stantonbury, 1668-74, and rector of Water Stratford, 1674; Calvinist and enthusiastic preacher on the millenium, which he announced was beginning at Water Stratford; preached, 1890, and published sermon on the ten virgins, which made some stir; attracted noisy encampment of followers to the village, who remained unconvinced of his mortality after his exhumed corpse had been shown to them; wrote A living stream as crystal clear and other familiar hymns.
^ John Mason (1706–1763), nonconformist divine and author; grandson of John Mason (1646?-1694); tutor and chaplain in family of Governor Peaks; presbyterian minister at Dorking, 1729, and at Cheshunt, 1746; published Plea for Christianity 1743, and other works, and trained students for ministry.
^ John Charles Mason (1798–1881), marine secretary to Indian government; solicitor's clerk; later employed in important affairs in secretary's office at East India House; compiled An Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company 1825-6; marine secretary, introduced great improvements; arranged for transport of fifty thousand troops on outbreak of mutiny,
^ John Monck Mason (1726–1809), Shakespearean commentator; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 176lTlri 8 h barrister, 1752; Irish M.P., Blessington, 1761 and 1769 St. Canice, 1776, 1783, 1790,and 1798; made commissioner of public works, 1771, and of revenue of Ireland, 1772 became supporter of government in Ireland; Irish orivv councillor; voted for union in last Irish parliament works include Comment* on the last Edition of Shakespeare's Play* 1785.
^ Sir Josiah Mason (1795–1881) pen manufacturer and philanthropist; was successively fruit-seller in the i shoemaker, carpenter, blacksmith, house-painter Ml manufacturer of imitation gold jewellery and split rings; made split rings by machinery; manufactured pens for Perry; joined the Elkingtons in electro-plate business, 1844, aud in smelting works; acquired great wealth; founded almshouses aud orphanage at Eniiugton and the Mason College at Birmingham; knighted, 1872.
^ Martin Mason (fl. 1660–1676), quaker : continually imprisoned for his opinions, 1650-71; concerned in schism of John Ferret; wrote An Address (to Charles II), and another to parliament, 1660; liberated, 1672; published controversial tracts.
^ Richard Mason (1601–1678). See Angelus à Sancto Francisco.
^ Robert Mason (1571–1635), politician and author : of Balliol College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; M.J, Ludgershall, Wiltshire, 1626, Winchester, 1628; opponent of the court; assistant to managers of Buckingham's impeachment, 1626; one of the framers of the Petition of Right, 1628; defended Eliot, 1630; recorder of London, 1634; author of Reason's Monarchic 1602, and of other writings.
^ Robert Mason (1589?–1662), secretary to Duke of Buckingham; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and LL.D.
^ Thomas Mason (1580–1619?), divine; of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of Odiham, 1614-19; published 'Christ's Victorie over Sathan's Tyrannic 1615, andA Revelation of the Revelation 1619.
^ Thomas Mason (d. 1660), Latin poet; demy, 1596, and fellow, 1603-14; of Magdalen College, Oxford, M.A., 1605; D.D., 1631; prebendary of Salisbury, 1624; rector of North Waltham, 1623, and Weyhill, 1624; ejected during rebellion; wrote Latin verses.
^ William Mason (.#. 1672–1709), stenographer; London writing-master; published three treatises on shorthand, 1672, 1682, and 1707, embodying three systems, the last and best, with modifications, being still in use; greatest stenographer of seventeenth century; celebrated for his skill in minute handwriting.
^ William Mason (1724–1797), poet; scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1749; wrote 4 monody on Pope's death, published, 1747; elected fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, through Gray's influence, 1749; composed Isis (poem denouncing Oxford Jacobitism), 1748, an ode upon Duke of Newcastle's installation, 1749, and Elfrida dramatic poem, 1752; became acquainted with Hurd and Warburtou; rector of Aston, Yorkshire, 1754, and chaplain to Lord Holderness; visited Germany, 1756; king's chaplain, 1757; canon of York, 1762; published odes, 1756, Oaractacus 1759, and elegies 1762; maintained close friendship with Gray, and was his literary executor; published An Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers, a sharp satire, 1773; published Gray'sLife and Letters 1774; corresponded with Horace Walpole; prominent in political agitation for retrenchment and reform, 1780, but later became follower of Pitt; hisSappho(lyrical drama) first printed, 1797; imitator of Gray, and, in satire, follower of Pope; oom1 instil church music, and invented an instrument, the Celestina; his Works collected, 1811.
^ William Monck Mason (1775–1859), historian ; brother of Henry Joseph Monck Mason; hind waiter for exports at Dublin, 1796; published The History and Antiquities of the... Church of St. Patrick 1819 (portion of much larger projected work), and a pamphlet, Suggestions relative to... a Survey... of Ireland 1825.
^ William Shaw Mason (1774–1853), statist; B.A. Dublin, 1796; remembrancer, 1806, and secretary to commissioners for public records in Ireland, 1810; published A Statistical Account... of Ireland 1814, 1816, 1819, and other works.

[1] Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834), political economist; was educated by his father, at Warrington dissenting academy and Jesus College, Cambridge: M.A., 1791; fellow, 1793; curate at Albury, Surrey, 1798; published Essay on Population 1798, in which he laid down that population increases in geometrical, and subsistence in arithmetical proportion only, and argued necessity of 1 checks on population in order to reduce vice and misery: travelled abroad, 1799 and 1802; professor of history and political economy at Haileybury College, 1805; published 'The Nature and Progress of Rent 1815, in which he laid down doctrines generally accepted by later economists; F.R.S., 1819, and member of foreign academies; supported factory acts and national education; disapproved of the poor laws; as exponent of new doctrine had great influence on development of political economy.

[2] James Malton (d. 1803), architectural draughtsman and author; son of Thomas Malton the elder

[3] Thomas Malton , the elder (1726–1801), architectural draughtsman and writer on geometry.

[4] Thomas Malton , the younger (1748–1804), architectural draughtsman: son of Thomas Malton the elder; exhibited at Academy chiefly architectural views of great accuracy of execution; published A Picturesque Tour through... London and Westminster 1792.

[5] Sir John Maltravers (1266–1343?), knighted, 1306; conservator of the peace for Dorset, 1307, 1308, and 1314; served in Scotland between 1314 and 1322, 1327 and 1331; sent to serve in Ireland, 1317, in Guienne, 1325.

[6] John Maltravers, Baron Maltravers (1290?-1365), knighted, 1306; knight of the shire for Dorset, 1318; sided with Thomas of Lancaster and Roger Mortimer; fled abroad after battle of Boroughbridge, 1322; keeper of Edward II, 1327, whom he is said to have harshly treated; justice in eyre and keeper of the forests: accompanied Edward III to France as steward, 1329; concerned in death of Edmund, earl of Kent, 1330; summoned to parliament as Baron Maltravers, 1330; constable of Corfe Castle, 1330; on fall of Mortimer was condemned to death for his share in the murder of the Earl of Kent, and fled abroad: allowed to return, 1345; subsequently employed by the king.

[7] William of Malvern , alias Parker (d. 1535), last abbot of St. Peter's, Gloucester, 1514; D.O.L., 1508, and D.D., 1515, Gloucester Hall, Oxford: attended parliament; added largely to the Abbey buildings.

[8] John Malverne (d. 1414?), historian ; prior of Worcester; author of continuation of Higden's Polychronicon 1346-94.

[9] John Malverne (d. 1422?), physician and priest : prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1405; wrote De Remediis Spiritualibus et Corporalibus...

[10] William Malvoisin (d. 1238), chancellor of Scotland and archbishop of St. Andrews; chancellor, 1199-1211; bishop of Glasgow, 1200; corresponded with archbishop of Lyons; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1202; energetically vindicated rights of his sec; founded hospitals and continued building of cathedral; vi.-itul Rome; treated with King John in England, 1215.

[11] Gerard Malynes, Malines, or Demalines (fl.–1686-1641), merchant and economic writer; commissioner of trade in Netherlands, c. 1586, for establishing par of exchange, 1600, and on mint affairs, 1609; consulted by council on mercantile questions; attempted unsuccessfully development of English lead and silver mines; ruined by undertaking farthing coinage; pro-ystem of puwnbrokiiii; under L'overnuient control . pour from usurers; published A Treatise of the Canker of England's Commonwealth ... 1601, Consuetude vel Lex Mercatoria... 1622, and other important works; one of the first English writers to apply natural law to economic science.

[12] Henry Man (1747–1799), author; deputy-secretary of the South Sea House and colleague of Charles Lamb; contributed essays to Morning Chronicle; his works collected, 1802.

[13] Man or MAIN, James (1700?-1761), philologist; M.. King College, Aberdeen, 1721; exposed errors in Ruddiuiau edition of Buchanan in A Censure 1768.

[14] John Man (1512–1669), dean of Gloucester : of Winchester College and New College, Oxford: fellow, 1531: M.A., 1538: expelled for heresy, bat (1547) made president of White Hall, Oxford; warden of Merton College, Oxford, 1562; dean of Gloucester, 1566-9: ambassador to Spain, 1567; published Common places of Christian Religion 1563.

[15] Manasseh Ben Israel (1604–1657), Jewish theologian and chief advocate of readmission of Jews into England; studied at Amsterdam: became minister of the synagogue there; formed friendships with Isaac Vossius and Grotius; established press for Hebrew printing, 1626; published Spes Israelis 1660; sent petition to the Long parliament for return of Jews into England; was encouraged by sympathy of Cromwell, but his request was refused by council of state, 1652; subsequently he petitioned Cromwell again and wrote in defence of his cause, 1655, after which Jews were tacitly allowed to settle in London and opened a synagogue; received pension of 1001. from Cromwell; published theological works.

[16] Aaron Manby (1776–1850), engineer; ironmaster at Wolverhampton and founder of Horseley Ironworks, Tipton; took out patent for (but did not Invent) oscillating engine 1821; built the Aaron Manby, 1822, first iron steamship to go to sea and first vessel to make voyage from London to Paris; founded Charenton works, 1819; obtained concession with others for lighting Paris with gas, 1822; bought Creusot Ironworks, 1826.

[17] Charles Manby (1804–1884), civil engineer ; son of Aaron Manby; assisted his father in England and Prance; manager of Beaufort ironworks, South Wales, 1829; civil engineer in London, 1836; secretary to Institution of Civil Engineers, 1839-56; F.R.S., 1853.

[18] George William Manby (1765–1854), inventor of apparatus for saving life from shipwreck; brother of Thomas Manby; schoolfellow of Nelson at Durham; joined Cambridgeshire militia; barrack-master at Yarmouth, 1803; invented apparatus for firing line from mortar to wreck, successfully used, 1-808, and afterwards extensively employed; invented other life-saving apparatus; F.R.S., 1831; published miscellaneous works.

[19] Peter Manby (d. 1697), dean of Derry; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin: chancellor of St. Patrick's, 1666; dean of Derry, 1672; turned Roman catholic, but was authorised by James II to retain deanery, 1686; retired to France after battle of the Boyne; published controversial religious works.

[20] Peter Manby (fl. 1724), son of Peter Manby (d. 1697); Jesuit.

[21] Thomas Manby {fl. 1670–1690), landscape-painter,

[22] Thomas Manby (1769–1834), rear-admiral; brother of George William Manby q. v.; entered navy, 1783, and served on various ships and stations; convoyed ships to West Indies, on the Bordelais, 1799, and engaged in small successful fight with French ships, 1801; convoyed ships again to West Indies, 1802, on the Africaine, a third of the crew dying from yellow fever on the voyage home; commanded small squadron on voyage to Davis Straits, 1808; rear-admiral, 1825.

[23] Dukes of Manchester . See MONTAGU, CHARLES, first DUKE, 1660?-1722; MONTAGU, GEORGE, fourth Duke, 1737-1788; MONTAGU, WILLIAM, fifth Duke, 1768-1843.

[24] Earls of Manchester. See MONTAGU, Sir Henry, first Earl; 1563-1642: MONTAGU, Edward, second EARL, 16O2-1671; MONTAGU, Robert. 1634-1683;Charles, fourth EARL, 1662-1722)

[25] William Manderstown (fl. 1515-1540), philosopher; studied at Paris University; rector, 1525; published philosophical works.

[26] Robert Mandevil (1578-1618), puritan divine; M.A., St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, 1603; wrote Timothies Taske, published 1619.

[27] Bernard Mandeville] (1670?-1733), author of the Fable of the Bees; native of Dort, Holland; M.D. Leyden, 1691; settled in England, where he was known for his wit and advocacy of dram drinking: published The Grumbling Hive (poem), 1705, republished with Inquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue and The Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices Public Benefits 1714, and again with Essay on Charity and Charity Schools and a Search into the Nature of Society 1723. His Fable maintaining the essential vileness of human nature, was widely controverted.

[28] Geoffrey de Mandeville, first Earl of Essex (d. 1144), rebel; constable of the Tower of London : detained there Constance of France after her betrothal to Eustace, son of King Stephen; created Earl of Essex, before 1141; got possession of vast lands and enormous power by giving treacherous support to the king and the Empress Maud and betraying both: arrested by Stephen, 1 143, and deprived of the Tower and other castles: raised rebellion in the fens, but was fatally wounded in fighting against Stephen at Burwell. xxx.

[29] Sir John Mandeville , was the ostensible author of a book of travels bearing his name, composed soon after middle of the fourteenth century, purporting to be an account of his own journeys in the east, including Turkey, Tartary, Persia, Egypt, India, and Holy Land, but really a mere compilation, especially from William of Boldensele and Friar Odoric of Pordenone, and from the 'Speculumof Vincent de Beauvais; his work written originally in French, from which English, Latin, German, and other translators were made. The author of this book of travels certainly died 1372, and was buried in the church of the Guillemius at Liege in the name of John Mandeville. Probably this name was fictitious, and its bearer is to be identified with Jean de Bourgogne or Burgoyue, chamberlain to John, baron de Mowbray, who took part in rising against Despeusers, and on Mowbray's execution (1322) tied from England.

[30] William de Mandeville or Magnavilla, third EARL OF ESSEX and EARL or COUNT OF Aumâle (d. 1189), son of Geoffrey de Mandeville, first earl of Essex ; knighted by Philip of Flanders and brought up at Philip's court; became Karl of Essex on death of his brother, 1166; came over to England, 1166: accompanied Henry II abroad and remained faithful during rebellion, 1173-5; took part in crusade with Philip of Flanders, 1177-8; married heiress of Aumale, 1180, mm linn is and title; ambassador to Emperor Frederic 1, 1 1: took part wit li Henry II in hi* French warn; remained with Henry till the last; made a chief justiciar by Richard 1, 1189; died at Rouen; founded several religious !.;;--.

[31] John Manduit (ft. 1310). see Mauduith.

[32] Sir James Manfield (1733–1821). See Mansfield.

[33] James Mangan , commonly called James Clarence (1803–1849), Irish poet: lawyer's clerk ; later employed in library of Trinity College, Dublin, and Irish ordnance survey office; contributed prose and verse translations and original poems to various Irish journals and magazines; wrote for the Nation* and 'United Irishman but was prevented from keeping regular employment by his indulgence in drink: probably the greatest of the poet* of Irish birth: published Gorman Anthology 1845, and other volumes.

[34] Thomas Mangey (1688–1755), divine and controversialist; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1711; fellow, 1715, and D.D.; held livings of St. Nicholas Guildford, Haling, and St. Mildred's, Bread Street, London: canon oi Durham, 1721; edited Philonis Judaei Opera, 4 1742. 9m

[35] Edward Mangin (1772–1852), miscellaneous write Tof Hurtirm.t decent: M.A. Balliol College, OxSl 1795- prebendary of Killaloe; lived at Bath and time to literary study; published, among 1 An Essay on Light Reading 1808.

[36] James Mangles (1786–1867), captain R.N. and traveller- saw much service abroad; travelled with Charto Leonard Irby, 1816, their letters being published in Murray's Home and Colonial Library 1844; published a few miscellaneous works.

[37] Ross Donnelly Mangles (1801–1877), chairman of East India Company: educated at Eton and East India Company's College at Haileybury; writer in Bengal civil service, 1819; deputy-secretary in general departments 1832: secretary to government of Bengal in judicial and revenue departments, 1835-9; liberal M.P. for Guildford, 1841-58; director of East India Company, 1847-57; chairman, 1857-8; member of council of India, 1858-66; published writings on Indian affairs.

[38] Richmal Mangnall (1769–1820), schoolmistress of Crofton Hall, Yorkshire; works include Historical and Miscellaneous Questions 1800.

[39] Frederick Edward Maning (1812–1883), the PakCha Maori: his father an emigrant to Van Diemen's Land, 1824: went to New Zealand, 1833; married Maori wife and settled among the natives: a judge of the native lands court, 1865-81; author of Old New Zealand 1863, and History of the War... in 1845

[40] Antony Manini (1750–1786), violinist; played and tan-lit in provinces and at Cambridge as leading violinist; taught Charles Hague

[41] Sir Henry Manisty (1808–1890), judge; solicitor, 1830; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1845; Q.C., 1857; judge, 1876; knighted, 1876.

[42] Mrs Mary De La Riviere Manley (1663–1724), author of the New Atalantis; daughter of Sir Roger Manley; drawn into false marriage with her cousin, John Manley, his wife being then alive; lived with Duchess of Cleveland; subsequently brought out Letters 1696, several plays, some of which were acted with success, and fell into disreputable course of life: published The New Atalantis 1709, in which whigs and persons of note were slandered, and was arrested, but j escaped punishment; published Memoirs of Europe... written by Eginardus 1710, and Court Intrigues 1711; j attacked by Swift in the Tatler(No. 63); succeeded Swift as editor of the Examiner 1711, and was assisted by him: wrote several political pamphlets and defended herself from attacks by Steele in the Guardian; brought out Luciusat Drury Lane 1717; published works, i nt- hiding The Power of Love 1720; mistress for some years of Alderman Barber.

[43] Sir Roger Manley (1626?–1688), cavalier; fought for the king, but was exiled to Holland, 1646-60; lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1667-74; subsequently governor of Landguard Fort: published History of Late Warres in Denmark 1670, and De Rebellione 1686.

[44] Thomas Manley (1628–1690), author; barrister, Middle Temple, r. 1650; K.C., 1672; published several legal works and a pamphlet,Usury at Six per cent. against Oulpeper's tract,Usury 1669, as well as The Present State of Europe... found languishing, occasioned by the greatness of the French Monarchy 1689.

[45] Edward Manlove (. 1667), poet and lawyer; wrote Liberties and Customs of the Lead Mines 1653 (in verse), and other works.

[46] Timothy Manlove (d. 1699), presbyterian divine and physician; probably grandson of Edward Manlove; minister at Leeds; published religious works.

[47] Gother Mann (1747–1830), general, inspector-general of fortifications, colonel-commandant, R.E.; served in Dominica, 1776-8; employed in tour of survey of northeast coast of England, 1781; commanding R.E. in Canada, 1786-91 and 1794-1804: served under Duke of York in Holland, 1793; colonel-commandant, R.E., 1805, and general, 1821; inspector-general of fortifications, 1811; several of his plans for fortifying Canada still preserved.

[48] Sir Horace Mann, first baronet (1701–1786), British envoy at Florence; friend of Horace Walpole and made by Sir Robert Walpole assistant to Fane, envoy at Florence, 1737, becoming Fane's successor, 1740-86; communicated with government principally on subject of Young Pretender, who resided at Florence; kept np artificial correspondence, extending to thousands of letters, with Horace yalpole, 1741-85, valuable as illustrating Florentine society; created baronet, 1755; K.B., 1768.

[49] Nicholas Mann (d. 1753), master of the Charterhouse, 1737; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1707, and fellow; scholar, antiquarian, and author.

[50] Robert James Mann (1817–1886), scientific writer; educated for the medical profession at University College, London; practised in Norfolk, but soon devoted himself more especially to literature; published series of scientific text-books which had large circulation; contributed to various publications; M.D. St. Andrews, 1854; superintendent of education in Natal, 1859; emigration agent for Natal in London, 1866; member of numerous learned societies.

[51] Theodore Augustus Mann , called the Abbé Mann (1735–1809), man of science, historian, and antiquary; sent to London to study for legal profession, 1753*; proceeded, unknown to his parents, to Paris, 1754, read Bossuet and turned Roman catholic; on outbreak of war went to Spain, 1756, and was given commission in O'Mahony's dragoons; became monk in the English Chartreuse, Nieuport, 1759, and prior, 1764; appointed imperial minister of public instruction at Brussels, 1776; wrote memoirs on various practical projects for imperial government and numerous educational primers; travelled; secretary and treasurer of Brussels Academy, 1786; F.R.S., 1788; retired to England, 1792, during French irruption; at Prague, 1794; published works in French and English, miscellaneous papers, and catalogues, reports, and letters.

[52] William Mann (1817–1873), astronomer; grandson of Gother Mann; assistant at Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope; erected transit-circle with native aid, 1855, and made valuable observations.

[53] Mrs Catherine Manners, afterwards Lady Stepney (d. 1845). See Stepney.

[54] Charles Manners, fourth Duke of Rutland (1754-1787), eldest son of John Manners, marquis of Granby; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1774; M.P., Cambridge, 1774; opposed government policy in America; succeeded to dukedom, 1779; lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire, 1779; K.G., 1782; lord-steward, 1783; privy councillor, 1783; resigned on formation of coalition government, but lord privy seal in Pitt's ministry; lord lieutenant of Ireland, 1784, advocated union and passed, with some concessions, Pitt's commercial propositions through Irish parliament; gave magnificent entertainments and made a tour through the country, 1787; died at Phoenix Lodge, Dublin, from fever.

[55] Charles Cecil John Manners , sixth Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), M.P. : strong protectionist, and supporter of George Bentinck; succeeded to title, 1857; K.G., 1867.

[56] Edward Manners , third Earl of Rutland (1549-1587), son of Henry Manners, second earl of Rutland; displayed great devotion to Elizabeth; filled numerous offices: lord-lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire; K.G., 1584; commissioner to try Mary Queen of Scots, 1686; lord-chancellor designate, April 1587, dying the same mouth.

[57] Francis Manners , sixth Earl of Rutland (1578-1632), brother of Roger Manners, fifth earl; travelled abroad; took part in Essex's plot, 1601; succeeded to earldom, 1612; lord-lieutenant of Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire; held several offices; K.G., 1616: privy councillor, 1617: admiral of the fleet to bring home Prince Charles from Spain, 123.

[58] George Manners (1778–1853), editor and founder of the Satirist 1807, a scurrilous periodical; consul at Bostou, U.S.A., 1819-39; published miscellaneous works.

[59] Henry Manners, second Earl of Rutland (d. 1563), son of Thomas Manners; succeeded to earldom, 1543: knighted, 1644: chief-justice of Sherwood Forest, 1647; took part in Scottish operations; attended embassy to France, 1661; belonged to the extreme reformers party; lord-lieutenant of Nottinghamshire, 1552, of Rutland 1559; imprisoned at Mary's accession, 1663: admiral, 1666: general in French war, 1667; favourite of Elizabeth; K.G., 1669; lord president of the north, 1661, and ecclesiastical commteioner for York.

[60] John Manners , eighth Earl of Rutland (1604–1679), descended from Thomas Manners, first earl of llnthind; succeeded to earldom, 1642; moderate parliamentarian; took covenant, 1643; filled various offices; at the Restoration rebuilt Belvoir, which had been dismantled; lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire, 1667.

[61] John Manners (1609–1696). See Simcocks.

[62] John Manners , ninth Earl and first Duke of Rutland (1638–1711), son of John Manners, eighth earl of Rutland: succeeded to earldom, 1679; lord lieutenant of Leicestershire, 1677, dismissed, 1687, and restored, 1689; assisted in raising forces for William of Orange in Nottinghamshire; created Marquis of Qranby and Duke of Rutland, 1703.

[63] John Manners, Marquis of Granby (1721–1770), lieutenant-general; colonel of royal horse guards (blues); eldest son of John Manners, third duke of Rutland ( 1696-1779); of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; travelled with his tutor, John Ewer; M.P. for Grautham and subsequently for Cambridge; colonel of 'Leicester bluesat Jacobite invasion, 1746; served in Flanders, 1747; colonel of the blues, 1768; lieutenant general, 1759; commanded blues at Minden, 1769, where his advance was stayed by orders of Lord George Sackville; succeeded latter as commander-in-chief of British contingent, 1769; performed brilliant services at Warburg, 1760, Fellinghausen, 1761, Gravenstein, Wilhelmstabl, heights of Homburg, and Cassel, 1762; master-general of the ordnance, 1763; twelfth commander-in-chief, 1766; savagely assailed by Jnnius; retired from office, 1770; lord-lieutenant of Derbyshire,

[64] Sir Robert Manners (d. 1355?); M.P., Northumberland, 1340; constable of Norham before 1345; fought at Neville's Cross, 1346.

[65] Sir Robert Manners (1408–1461), sheriff, 1454, and M.P. for Northumberland, 1459.

[66] Lord Robert Manners (1758–1782), captain, R.N.; son of John Manners, marquis of Granby; served under Rodney and Hood and took part in actions off Ushant, 1778, Cape St. Vincent, 1779, Cape Henry, 1781, and Dominica, 1782, where he was fatally wounded.

[67] Roger Manners , fifth Earl of Rutland (1576-1612), son of fourth earl; educated at Queensand Corpus Christi Colleges, Cambridge; M.A., 1595; travelled abroad, * Profitable Instructions being written for him, probably by Bacon; knighted by Essex in Ireland, 1599; steward of Sherwood Forest, 1600; took part in Essex's conspiracy, 1601, and was heavily fined; K.B., 1603; lord-lieutenant of Lincolnshire, 1603.

[68] Thomas Manners , first Earl of Rutland and thirteenth Baron Ros (d. 1543), became Baron Ros on bis father's death, 1513: took part in French expedition, 1513; present at Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1620; favourite of Henry VIII, receiving numerous grants and offices; warden of the east marches and of Sherwood Forest; K.C., 1525; created Earl of Rutland, 1525; took active part against northern rebels, 1536; constable of Nottingham Castle, 1542.

[69] Charles Manners-Sutton (1755–1828), archbishop of Canterbury; brother of Thomas Manners-Sutton, first baron Manners; fifteenth wrangler, 1777, and M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1780; D.D., 1792; rector of Averham-with-Kelham and Whitwell, 1785; dean of Peterborough, 1791; bishop of Norwich, 1792-1806; dean of Windsor, 1794; favourite of royal family; archbishop of Canterbury, 1805-28; active in church revival.

[70] Charles Manners-Sutton, first Viscount Canterbury (1780-1845), speaker of the House of Commons; son of Charles Monners-Sutton, arch i.,-1:.,;,,,: i M -.. bridge; MJL, 180 Inn, 1806; tory II. bf uatalta i M. privy councillor, Ireland, 1812, and Residence Bill, 181 MM i:; M -.. 1833; created Baron Bottesf ord and Viscount Can 1835.

[71] John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton, third Viscount Canterbury; son of Manners-Sutton, first Viscount Canterbury q. v.: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 18M: M.P., Cambridge 1841-7; under home secretary (1841-4) in Peel's administration; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1864-61; governor of Trinidad, 1864-,and Victoria, 18661),73: K.C.B., 1866; succeeded to title, 1869; K.c.M.., 1873; published Lexington Papers 1861.

[72] Thomas Manners-Sutton, first Baron Manners (1756–1842), lord chancellor of Ireland : grandson of the third Duke of Rutland; fifth wrangler, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1777; M.A., 1780; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1780; obtained large chancery practice; M.P., Newark-upon-Trent, 1796-1805; Welsh judge, 1797; K.C., 1800, and solicitor-general to Prince of Wales, 1800; solicitor general, 1802; knighted, 1802; serjeant-at-law and baron of exchequer, 1805; created Baron Manners and privy councillor, 1807; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1807-27: removed O'Hanlon from bench for supporting catholic claims; took active part in proceedings against Queen Caroline, 1820; opposed catholic claims, 1828.

[73] James Mannin (d. 1779), flower-painter.

[74] Anne Manning (1807–1879), miscellaneous writer ; sister of William Oke Manning; contributed to 'Sharpe's Magazine 1849,The Maiden and Married Life of Mistress Mary Powell (frequently reprinted); was known thenceforward as the 4 author of Mary Powell; her best works are historical tales of the sixteenth century.

[75] Henry Edward Manning (1808–1892), cardinal-priest; educated at Balliol College, Oxford, under Charles Wordsworth, and with William Ewart Gladstone; M.A., 1833; obtained post in colonial office, 1830: fellow, Merton College, 1832; curate of Woollavington-curnGraffbam, 1832, and rector, 1833: rural dean, 1837: archdeacon of Chichester, 1840; select preacher at Oxford, 1842; published The Unity of the Church an able expoition of Anglo-catholic principles, and Sermons 1844; disapproved of Tract XGY and preached antipapal sermon at Oxford on Guy Fawkes* day, 1843: voted against William George Ward's degradation by the Oxford convocation, 1846; travelled abroad and (1848) visited Pius IX; supported resistance to government grants ill aid of elementary schools, 1849; protested against Gorham judgement, 1860, ami wrote The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Crown in Matters Spiritual denying the jurisdiction; resigned archdeaconry and became Roman catholic, 1851; published The Grounds of Faith 1862; superior of Congregation of the Oblates of St. Charles at Bayswater, 1857: occupied himself in preaching, education, mission work, and literary defence of papal temporal power; appointed at Rome domestic prelate and monsignore, 1860; published letters To an Anglican Friend 1864, and on The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England addressed to Pusey; nominated Roman catholic archbishop of Westminster, 1865: published The Temporal Mission of the Holy Gh and 1875: as archbishop was autocratic and a thorough ultramontane; established Westminster Education Fund, 1868; supported infallibility of the pope, and published 'Petri PrivilegitinV 1871, and National Education 187J, in favour of voluntary teaching: contributed articles to various papers defending his orthodoxy and ultramontane theory; published The Vatican Decrees 1875, in answer to William Ewart Gladstone; published in the Daily Telegraph letters on the infallibility of the Roman church, in answer to Lord Redesdale, 1876 (reprinted, 1875); cardinal, 1875; carried on crusade against drink; a zealous philanthropist: sat on royal commisrinns on boosing of the poor. 1884-5, and Education Acts, 18801887, and published articles on those topics; favoured 3ll2 Gladstone's domestic politics in later life; great pr.:-lr and ecclesiastical statesman: of apcvtu- T.-np.T: a subtle but speculative controversialist; pntilisli.il in late years rnal Priesthood 1883, sermons, and other works.

[76] James Manning (1781–1866) serjeant-at-law ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1817; leader of western circuit: learned especially in copyright law: recorder of Sudbury, 1836-66, and Oxford and Banbary, 1867-66; serjeant-atUw, 1840, and queen's ancient serjeant, 1846: judge of Whitechapel County Court, 1847; published legal works.

[77] Marie Manning (1821–1849), murderess ; nee de Hoax; native of Lauanne; married Frederick George Manning, publican, 1 847, and with him murdered O'Connor at Bermondsey, 1849, both being condemned and executed.

[78] Owen Hanking (1721–1801), historian of Surrey; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1744; B.D.,1763; fellow and incumbent of St. Botolph, Cambridge, 1741; obtained several other preferments; rector of Godalming, 17631801; prebendary of Lincoln, 1767 and 1760; collected materials for history of Surrey, afterwards published with additions by William Bray (1736-1832), 1804-9-14; completed Lye's Saxon dictionary, 1772, and annotated The Will of King Alfred 1788.

[79] Robert Manning (d. 1731), Roman catholic controversialist; professor at Douay English college: missioner in England; works include The Shortest Way to end disputes about religion 1716.

[80] Samuel Manning , the younger (fl. 1846), sculptor; son of Samuel Manning (d. 1847).

[81] Samuel Manning (d. 1847), sculptor; executed bust of Warren Hastings statue in Westminster Abbey; exhibited statuary at Royal Academy.

[82] Samuel Manning (1822–1881), baptist minister at Sbeppard's Barton, Somerset, 1846-61; editor of the 'Baptist Magazine general book editor of Religious Tract Society, 1863, and joint-secretary, 1876.

[83] Thomas Manning (1772–1840), traveller and friend of Charles Lamb; scholar of Caius College, Cambridge, and private tutor: studied mathematics and made acquaintance with Porson and Lamb; studied Chinese at Paris, 1800-3; studied medicine and left for Canton, 1807, but failed to penetrate into China; went to Calcutta, 1810, and travelled from Rangpur to Lhasa, 1811, the first Englishman to enter Lhasa; returned to Canton, 1812; accompanied Lord Amherst to Pekin as Interpreter, 1816; returned to England, 1817; considered first Chinese scholar in Europe; wrote mathematical works.

[84] William Manning (1630?–1711), ejected minister; perpetual curate of Middleton, Suffolk; ejected, 1662; took out licence as congregational teacher at Peasenhall, 1672; became Socinian; published sermons.

[85] William Oke Manning (1809–1878), legal writer; nephew of James Manning (1781-1866); published Commentaries on Law of Nations 1839.

[86] John Manningham (d. 1622), diarist; student of Middle Temple and utter barrister, 1606; his diary (1602-1603), of considerable value, was first printed by the Camden Society in 1868.

[87] Sir Richard Manningham (1690–1769), man-midwife; son of Thomas Manningham; LL.B. Cambridge, 1717; M.D.; F.R.S., 1720; knighted, 1721; chief man-midwife of the day: attended Mary Toft, and published Exact Diary on the case, 1726; published Artis Obstetricariae Compendium 1740, and other works.

[88] Thomas Manningham (1661?–1722), bishop of Chichester; scholar of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1671-81; M.A., 1677; D.D. Lambeth, 1691; obtained various preferments; dean of Windsor 1709; bishop of Chicbester, 1709; published sermons.

[89] John Mannock (1677–1764), Benedictine monk ; made profession at Donay, 1700; chaplain to Canning family; procurator of southern province, 1729; published religious works.

[90] Sir Walter de Manny or Mauny, afterwards Baron de Manny (d. 1372). military commander and founder of the Charterhouse, London; native of Hainault; esquire to Queen Philippa; knighted, 1331; distinguished himself in Scottish wars; was rewarded with lands and governorship of Merioneth (1332) and Harlech Castle (1334); admiral of northern fleet, 1337, capturing Guy de Rickenburg in the Scheldt; according to Froissart took French castle of Tlmn 1'Eveque with only forty lances on defiance of French king, 1339; served throughout campaign and won distinction at Sluys, 1340; sent by Edward III to assist Countess of Montfort against Charles of Blois, 1342; accompanied Earl of Derby in successful Gascony campaigns; according to Froissart conducted siege of Calais, and was summoned to parliament as baron, 1346; sent to negotiate in France, 1348, and in Netherlands, 1361; received grants of land; accompanied Edward III to Artois, 1356; present at siege of Berwick, 1355; took part in Edward's French campaigns, 1359-60, and negotiated in his name; a guarantor of treaty of Bretigni and guardian of King John of France at Calais, 1360; K.G., 1359; ordered to Ireland, 1368; accompanied John of Gaunt in Invasion of France, 1369; obtained licence to found house of Carthusian monks, i.e. the Charterhouse in London, 1371; one of the ablest of Edward III's soldiers.

[91] Robert Mannyng, or Robert de Brunne (fl. 1288-1338), poet; native of Bourne, Lincolnshire; entered Sempringham priory, 1288; wroteHandlyng Synne (edited, 1862), theChronicle of England(first part edited by Dr. Furnivall, second part by Hearne), neither original works, but of great literary value; also probable author of Meditacyuns (edited, 1875).

[92] Charles Grenville Mansel (1806–1886), Indian official; filled various posts at Agra; member of Punjab administration, 1849, resident of Nagpur, 1850.

[93] Henry Longueville Mansel (1820–1871), metaphysician; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London, where he wrote verses; scholar, St. John's College, Oxford; obtained double first 1843; tutor, and ordained, 1844; strong tory and high churchman; professor fellow 1864; reader in theology at Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1856; wrote article on metaphysics in Encyclopaedia Britannica 1857; Bampton lecturer, 1858; engaged in controversy with Maurice, Goldwin Smith, and Mill; select preacher, 1860-2, and 1869-71; professor of ecclesiastical history, 1866-8; lectured onThe Gnostic Heresies 1868; dean of St. Paul's, 1868-71; published Phrontisterion 1850, Prolegomena Logica 1851, The Limits of Demonstrative Science 1853, Man's Conception of Eternity 1854, and other metaphysical works; contributed to The Speaker's Commentary and to Aids to Faith; follower of Sir William Hamilton, and, with Veitch, edited his lectures, 1859.

[94] Mansel or Maunsell (d. 1265), keeper of the seal and counsellor of Henry III; son of a country priest; obtained post at exchequer, 1234; accompanied Henry III on expedition to France, 1242-3, and greatly distinguished himself; keeper of the great seal, 1246-7, and subsequently; ambassador to Brabant, 1247; had considerable influence with Henry III; sent on missions to Scotland, Brabant, France, Germany, and Brittany; concerned in Edward's marriage to Eleanor of Castile, 1254, in the election of Richard, king of the Romans, 1257, and in the abandonment of English claims on Normandy, 1258; member of the committee of twenty-four and council of fifteen, 1258; followed Henry III to France: the king compelled to dismiss him, 1261; obtained papal bull releasing Henry III from his obligations, 1262; accompanied Henry III to France, 1262; on civil war breaking out, escaped to Boulogne, 1263; present at mise of Amiens, 1264; died in France in great poverty; said to have held three hundred benefices; by supporting the king's measures acquired much odium, but was a capable and diligent administrator.

[95] William Lort Mansel (1763–1820), bishop of Bristol; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1777; fellow, 1777; D.D., 1778: tutor; master, 1798; vice-chancellor, 1799-1800; held livings of Bottisham and Chesterton; appointed bishop of Bristol by Perceval, a former pupil, 1808; well-known wit and writer of epigrams; author of sermons.

[96] Francis Mansell (1579–1665), principal of Jesus College, Oxford; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1611; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1613; D.D., Itii'i; principal of Jesus College, 1MO; after expelling nevenil retired from office; again principal, 1630-47; treasurer of Ls*nd*fl mid prebendary of St. David's, 1631; benefactor of the college; assisted royalists in Wales, 1643-7; ejected from Jesus College, 1647; reinstated, 1660.

[97] Sir Robert Mansell (1573–1656), admiral; served in Cadiz expedition and was knighted, 1596; took part in The IslandsVoyage 1597; held commands off Irish coast, 1599-1600; active in arresting accomplices of Essex and captured Hansa ships, 1601; M.P., King's Lynn, 1601, Carmarthen, 1603, Carmarthenshire, 1614, Glamorganshire, 1623-5, Lostwithiel, 1626, and Glamorganshire, 1628: intercepted Portuguese galleys, 1602; vice-admiral of the Narrow Seal, 1001; treasurer of the navy, 1604; accompanied Earl of Nottingham on Spanish mission, 1605; imprisoned in the Marshalsea for alleged political disaffection, 1613; vice-admiral of England, 1628; commanded unsuccessful expeditions against Algiers, 1620-1; obtained glass monopoly, 1615.

[98] Sir Thomas Mansell (1777–1858) rear-admiral; present at actions off Lorient, 1795, Cape St. Vincent, 797, and battle of the Nile, 1798; promoted lieutenant by Nelson; held various commands and captured 170 ships K.G.H., 1837; rear-admiral, 1849.

[99] Earls of Mansfield . See MURRAY, WILLIAM, first EARL, 1705-1793; MURRAY, DAVID, second EARL, 1727-1796.

[100] Charles Blachford Mansfield (1819–1855), chemist and author; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1849; discovered method of extracting benzol from coal-tar, 1848, and published pamphlet; joined Maurice and Kingsley in efforts for social reform (1848-9), and contributed to Politics for the People and Christian Socialist; published Aerial Navigation 1850, and delivered lectures at Royal Institution on chemistry of metals, 1851-2; visited Buenos Ayrea and Paraguay, 1852-3; published Theory of Salts 1855; died from accident by burning.

[101] Henry de Mansfield (rf. 1328). See Maunsfield.

[102] Sir James Mansfield (originally Manfield) (1733-1821), lord chief-justice of common pleas; fellow, King's College, Cambridge, 1754; M.A., 1758; barrister, Middle Temple, 1768; adviser of Wilkes, 1768, Duchess of Kingston, and others; K.O., 1772; M.P., Cambridge University, 1779-84; solicitor-general, 1780-2, and in I coalition ministry, 1783; chief-justice of common pleas and knighted, 1804.

[103] Sir William Rose Mansfield , first Baron Sandhurst (1819–1876), general; grandson Of Sir James Mansfield; joined 63rd foot, 1835; distinguished himself in first Sikh war, Punjab war, 1849, and under Sir Colin Campbell on Peshawur frontier; military adviser to British ambassador at Constantinople, 1855: consul-general at Warsaw, 1856; chief of the staff to Sir Colin Campbell in Indian mutiny, 1857; present at relief and siege of Lucknow and tight at Cawnpore, when his conduct was much criticised; served in campaigns in Rohilcund, Oude, and other operations; commander of Bombay presidency, 1860; commander-in-chief in India, 1865; in Ireland, 1870: general, 1872; K.O.B., 1867; created Baron Sandhurst, 1871; G.C.S.I., 1866; G.C.B., 1870; D.C.L. Oxford, 1870; Irish privy councillor, 1870.

[104] Henry Manship (fl. 1562), topographer; directed construction of Yarmouth harbour; his Greate Yermouthe printed, 1847.

[105] Henry Manship (d. 1625), topographer; son of Henry Manship q. v.; town clerk of Yarmouth, 1679-85; dismissed from corporation, 1604: managed Yarmouth affairs in London, again falling into disgrace, 1616; published History of Great Yarmouth 1619; died in poverty.

[106] David Manson (1726–1792), schoolmaster; began life as farmer's boy at Cairncastle, co. Antrim; opened school there and afterwards (1755) one at Belfast and also a brewery; published school-books.

[107] George Manson (1850-1876), Scottish artist: executed woodcuts for Chambers Miscellany disciple of Ik-wick and painter of homely subjects.

[108] Richard Mant (1776–1848), bishop of Down, Connor, and Dromore; scholar of Trinity College. Oxford; fellow of t ri,-i College, Oxford. 1798; gained chancellor's prize with essay On Commerce 1799; M.A., 1801; 5.D.. iMlft; vicar of Coggeshall, Essex, 1810; Bampton lecturer, 1811; chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury, 1818; rector of St. Botolph's, 1816, and East Horsley, 1818; bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenoragh, 1820; translated to Down and Connor. 1823, Dromore being added, 1842; built many new churches; published poetical, theological, miscellaneous, and historical works, including History of the Church of Ireland 1840.

[109] Walter Bishop Mant (1807–1869), divine; son of Richard Mant; archdeacon of Down, antiquarian, and author of works in prose and verse.

[110] Thomas Mante (fl. 1773), military writer; author of History of the late War in America 1772, and other works.

[111] Gideon Algernon Mantell (1790–1852), geologist; ton of a shoemaker; articled to, and finally partner of Lewes surgeon; devoted himself to natural history and geology and made noted collection; removed to Brighton, 1835, and lectured; published The Wonders of Geology 1838, and other geological works, besides papers published by Royal and Geological Societies, setting forth his extensive investigation* and discoveries; F.R.S., 1826; hon. F.R.G.S., 1844.

[112] Joshua Mantell (1795–1865), surgeon and horticultural writer; brother of Gideon Algernon Mantell

[113] Sir Thomas Mantell (1751–1831), antiquary ; F.S.A., 1810; surgeon at Dover and mayor; knighted, 1820; published Cinque Porte 1828, and other works.

[114] John Manton (d. 1834), gunmaker; brother of Joseph Mantou

[115] Joseph Manton (1766?–1835), gunmaker : took out several patents for improvements in guns, 1792-1825, and other inventions; bankrupt, 1826.

[116] Thomas Manton (1620–1677), presbyterian divine; B.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1639; ordained, 164O: lecturer at Cullompton and (c. 1645) obtained living of Stoke Newington; one of the scribes to Westminster Assembly; disapproved of Charles I's execution; attended Christopher Love on the scaffold and preached funeral sermon, 1651; rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, 1656; drew up with Baxter and others Fundamentals of Religion 1668; one of the deputies to Breda, and chaplain to Charles II; took part in religious conferences and was created D.D. Oxford, 1660: left St Paul's, Covent Garden, 1662, and held meetings elsewhere in London; arrested, 1670; preacher at Pinners Hall. London, 1672; discussed accommodation with Tillotson and Stillingfleet, 1674; the most popular of the presbyterians; published religious works.

[117] Cosmo Manuche or Manucci (fl. 1652), dramatist; of Italian origin; probably member of household of James Compton, third earl of Northampton; captain and major of foot in king's army during civil war; subsequently obtained employment under the Protector. Twelve plays have been assigned to him, three of which were published, The Just General 1652, The Loyal Lovers 1652, and The Bastard* (issued anonymously), 1652; of the remaining nine plays which were formerly in manuscript at Castle Ash by only one is still known there.

[118] Roger Manwaring or Maynwaring (1590-1663), bishop of St. David's; D.D. All Souls College, Oxford; rector of St Giles in- the- Fields. London, 1616: chaplain to Charles I; preached sermons before Charles I on Religion and Allegiance 1627, asserting peril of damnation of those who resisted taxation levied by royal authority; on being sentenced to imprisonment, fine, and suspension, made retractation; received several preferments; dean of Worcester, 1633: bishop of St. I's, 1638; was deprived of vote in House of Lords by David Short parliament, 1640; imprisoned and persecuted by Long parliament.

[119] John Manwood (d. 1610), legal author: relative of Sir Roger Manwood; barrister, Lincoln's Inn: jtLtice rftbe New Forest; published A Brefe Collection of the Lawes of the Forest 1692 (enlarged, 1615).

[120] Sir Peter Manwood (d. 1625), antiquary ; son of Sir Roger Manwood q. v.; student of the Inner Temple, 1683; represented between 1688 and 1621 Sandwich, Saltash, Kent, and New Komuey; sheriff of Kent, 1602; ILlL, 1603: patron of learned men at St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, an. I mentioned with great respect by Camden; published part of Williams's Actions of the Lowe Countries 16ia

[121] Sir Roger Manwood (1525–5692), judge; barrister. Inner Temple, 1555: recorder of Sandwich, 1556-66, and steward of chancery and admiralty courts, Dover; M.P., Hastings, 1555, Sandwich, 1558: granted by Elizabeth manor of St. Stephen's, Kent; friend of Sir Thomas Graham and Archbishop Parker, and founded with the latter grammar school at Sandwich; supported treason bill, 1571; judge of common pleas, 1572-8; with bishops of London and Rochester convicted of anabaptism two Flemings, who were burnt, 1575; showed himself severe towards enemies of the government; knighted, 1578; chief baron of the exchequer, 1578-92; member of Starchamber, which sentenced Lord Vaux of Harrowden, 1681; member of commission at Fotheringay, 1586; rebuked by Elizabeth for sale of office, 1591; accused of various malpractices and arraigned before privy council, 1592.

[122] Walter Map or Mapes (fl. 1200), mediaeval author and wit; probably native of Herefordshire; studied in Paris under Girard la Pucelle; clerk of royal household and justice itinerant; accompanied Henry II abroad, 1173 and 1183; sent to Rome, 1179; canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, Lincoln, and Hereford; precentor, and, later, chancellor of Lincoln; archdeacon of Oxford from 1197; author of De Nugis Curialium, a collection of anecdotes and legends of considerable interest and of satirical purport (edited, 1850); probably also author, or largely author, of Lancelot and perhaps of some of the satirical Goliardic verse; specimens of his wit preserved by Giraklus.

[123] John Maplet (d. 1592), miscellaneous writer; fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1564; M.A., 1567; vicar of Northolt, Middlesex, 1576; wrote A Greene Forest (natural history), 1567, and The Diall of Destinie 1581.

[124] John Maplet (1612?-1670), physician; M.A., 1638, and M.D., 1647, Christ Church, Oxford; principal of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1647; travelled in France with third Viscount Falkland and went to Holland; ejected from Oxford appointments; practised medicine at Bath; "tft-M*d at Oxford, 1660; author of miscellaneous works in Latin, prose and verse.

[125] John Mapletoft (1631–1721), physician and divine; nephew of Robert Mapletoft; educated at Westminster School; scholar and fellow (1653) of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1655, and M.D., 1667 (incorporated at Oxford, 1669); tutor to Earl of Northumberland's son; practised medicine in London with Sydenham and became intimate with John Locke; travelled abroad; Gresham professor of physic, 1675-9; successively rector of Braybrooke and St. Lawrence Jewry, London; lecturer at Ipswich, 1685, and St. Christopher's, London, 1685; D.D. Cambridge, 1690; F.R.S., 1676; works include The Principles and Duties of the Christian Religion 1710.

[126] Robert Mapletoft (1609–1677), dean of Ely M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1632; fellow of Pembroke College, 1631; chaplain to Bishop Wren; rector of Bartlow, 1639; ejected, 1644; officiated privately at Lincoln: D.D. at Restoration by royal mandate; sub-dean of Lincoln, 1660; master of Spitul Hospital, 1660, reviving the charity; rector successively of Clay worth and Soham; master of Pembroke, 1664-77; vice-chancellor, 1671-2; dean of Ely, 1667-77; founded educational institutions.

[127] Earls of Mar . See John Erskine, first or sixth Earl of the Erskine line, d. 1572 ; EIWKINB, JOHN, second or seventh EARL, 1558-16S4; ERSKIXK, JOHN, sixth or eleventh EARL, 1675-1732: STBWAJIT, ALEXANDER, EARL 99 MAU, 13767-1435; STEWART, JOHN, EARL OF MAR, 1467 7-1479 7; CocHRAXK, ROHKRT, EARL OP MAR, d. 1482; STKWAKT, LORD JAMES, EARL OF MAR, 153171570.

[128] Donald, tenth Earl of Mar (d. 1297), son of William Mar, ninth earl of Mar; supported Edward I's suzerainty over Scotland; revolted, 1294, but returned to allegiance after battle of Dunbar, 1296.

[129] Donald Mar, twelfth Earl of Mar (1293?-1332), grandson of Donald Mar, tenth earl of Mar, and nephew of Robert Bruce; brought to England, 1306; was exchanged, 1314, after Banuockburn, but returned, preferring England; received grants; keeper of Newark Castle, 1321; joined Scots in raid, 1327; regent of Scotland, 1332; defeated by Baliol at Dupplin Moor and slain.

[130] Thomas , thirteenth Earl of Mar (d. 1377), son of Donald Mar, twelfth earl of Mar; Scottish commissioner to treat for peace with England, 1351, and hostage chamberlain of Scotland, 1358; entered service of Edward III, 1359; his castle seized by David II, 1361, and himself imprisoned, 1370; present at coronation of Robert II, 1371.

[131] William, ninth Earl of Mar (d. 1281?), one of the regents of Scotland, 1249, and great chamberlain, 1252-5; commanded expedition to reduce chiefs of Western Isles, 1263.

[132] Mrs Gertrude Elizabeth Mara (1749–1833), vocalist; nte Schmeling; native of Cassel; violinist, but became singer; studied under Paradisi and Hiller: a better vocalist than actress; engaged by Frederick II at Berlin, 1771; married Johann Mara, who ill-treated her; escaped from Berlin, 1778, and toured on the continent; did not please Mozart; sang in London, 1784-7 and 17901802, chiefly in Handel's music; settled at Moscow till 1812; ruined by the burning of Moscow, 1812; sang again in London, 1816; died at Revel; Goethe sent her a poem for her birthday, 1831.

[133] William de Mara (fl. 1280), Franciscan ; studied at Paris under Bonaventura and Roger Bacon; wrote Correctorium (criticism of Thomas Aquinas), first printed at Strasburg, 1501, and other works.

[134] Marbeck or Merbeck (d. 1585?), musician and theologian; lay-clerk and afterwards organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1541; Calvinist; arrested for possessing heretical writings, 1543; sentenced to be burnt, but pardoned through Gardiner's instrumentality, 1544; published his Ooncordace 1550 (the earliest concordance of whole English bible), The Boke of Common Praier noted 1650, adaptation of plain chant to liturgy of 1549, and several other works, besides musical compositions,

[135] Roger Marbeck, Markbeeke, or Merbeck (1536-1605), provost of Oriel College, Oxford, and physician; son of John Marbeck; student of Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1558; senior proctor and public orator; elegant latinist, and twice pronounced oration before Elizabeth; prebendary of Hereford and canon of Christ Church; provost of Oriel, 1565; resigned all Oxford offices on account of discreditable marriage; M.D., 1573; fellow and registrar of London College of Physicians and physician to Queen Elizabeth; accompanied Howard in Cadiz expedition, 1596, and wrote account.

[136] Alexander John Gaspard Marcet (1770-1822), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1797; physician and chemical lecturer at Guy's Hospital, London; professor of chemistry at Geneva, 1819; F.R.S., 1815; published medical and chemical papers.

[137] Mrs Jane Maecet (1769–1858), writer for the young; formerly Haldimand; of Swiss birth; married Alexander John Gaspard Marcet, 1799; wrote popular scientific text-books, which obtained large circulation; her Conversations on Political Economy 1816, praised by Macaulay.

[138] Earls of March , in the English peerage. See Roger Mortimer Roger Mortimer (IV) DE, first EARL, 1287?-1330 MnuTi.MKU ROGER (V) DB, second EARL, 13277-1360 MORTIMER, EDMUND ril) DE, third EARL, 1351-1381 MORTIMER, ROGER (VI) DE, fourth EARL, 1374-1398 MORTIMER. EDMUND (IV) DB, fifth EARL, 1391-1425.

[139] Earls of March , in the Scottish peerage. See Patrick Dunbar, svcnd KKI., rj-vi 1 39 ; STBWABT, AU:AIKR, 1454?-ll. r: D..I.II.A-. WILLIAM, third EARL of the Douglas family, 1724-1810.

[140] March Mus. 1*25-1*77). See Mary Ann Virginia Gabriel.

[141] John March (1612-1657), legal writer: employed by council of state during Common wealth In various capacities; justice in Scotland, I;.V2; wrote Actions for Slander 1648,Reports, 1 1648, Amicus lleipublicaj, 1 1661, and other works.

[142] John March (1640–1692), vicar of Newcastle: educated at Queen's College and St. Edmund Hall, Oxford: M.A., 1664: B.D., 1674; tutor and (1664-78) vice-president of St. Edmund Hall: vicar successively of Embleton, 1672-9, and Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1679-92, and proctor for Durham: strong churchman and l !. -ndM passive obedience; published sermons and aVindiration 1689.

[143] William March, De La Marche or De Marchia (d. 1302), treasurer, and bishop of Bath and Wells; clerk of the chancery, clerk of the king's wardrobe, c. 1286; treasurer, 1290-5; prominent offlc-inl during Edward I's absence; received various preferments; bishop of Bath and Wells, 1293; became unpopular through Edward I's exactions; removed from treasury, 1295; built chapter-house at Wells; much venerated, 'miracles' being wrought at his tomb.

[144] Nathaniel Marchant (1739–1816), gemengraver and medallist; stadied under Edward Burch and at Rome; exhibited at Royal Academy; R.A., 1809; F.S.A.; assistant-engraver at the mint, 1797: produced intaglios of great merit and delicacy; published catalogue, 1792.

[145] Giuseppe Filippo Liberati Marchi (1735?–1808), painter and engraver; assistant to Sir Joshua Reynolds; excelled as a mezzotint-engraver and copyist.

[146] John Marchiley (d. 1386?). See Mardisley.

[147] Earls of Marchmont . See HUME, SIR PATRICK, first EARL, 1641-1724: CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER, second EARL, 1675-1740; HUME, HUGH, third EARL, 1708-1 794.

[148] John Marckant (fl. 1562), contributor to Sternhold and Hopkins's Metrical Psalter 1562; vicar of Clacton-Magna, 1559, and Shopland, 1663-8; wrote other works.

[149] Robert Samuel Marcuard (1751–1792?), engraver.

[150] John Mardeley (fl. 1548), clerk of the mint and author.

[151] John Mardisley (d. 1386?), Franciscan; provincial minister: D.D. Oxford before 1355; denied pope's temporal power in council at Westminster, 1374.

[152] Sir Peter De La Mare (. 1370). See De La Mare.

[153] Thomas De La Mare (1309–1396), abbot of St. Albans: entered St. Albans, 1326; prior of Tynemouth, 1340: abbot of St. Albans, 1349: skilful administrator: member of Edward Ill's council; zealous defender of rights of abbey against exactions of the pope and of powerful courtiers, including Alice Perrers, as well as against recalcitrant tenants; his abbey threatened in peasant rising, 1381, when tenants extorted privileges, afterwards withdrawn; benefactor of the abbey; spent much on the maintenance of scholars at Oxford.

[154] Maredudd ab Owain (d. 999?), Welsh prince ; son of Owain ap Hywel Dda, whom he succeeded, 988.

[155] Maredudd ab Bleddyn (l. 1132), prince of Powys; brother of lorwerth and Cadwgan; led resistance to invasion of Henry I, 1121: eventually became lord of all Powys.

[156] Philip Marett or Maret (1568?–1637), attorney-general of Jersey, 1609; became involved in complicated feud with John Herault, the bailiff, ordered to make submission by privy council, and imprisoned on refusal; lieutenant-governor, 1632. xxxvi. 131;

[157] Sir Robert Pipon Marett (1820-1884), attorney-general and bailiff of Jeney; descendant oi Philip M ; disting Le Ueyt, ished judg dited ript* of Philip 1847; wrote poem* in Jeney

[158] John Marfeld (fl. 1393). See Mirfeld.

[159] St Margaret . (. 1093), queen of Scotland and sister of Edgar AtheUng; went to Scotland with him soon after Conquest, and married Malcolm II I.e. 10*7; :man use introduced into Scotland; reformed manners and custom*: educated her ton* with gnat care; died after hearing of -l.mifl.ter of Malcolm her husband, and her eldest Km; canonised, 1260.

[160] Margaret (1240–1275), queen of Scots: eldest daughter of Henry III of England: married Alexand.-r 1 1 1 of Scotland, 1261: was treated unkindly, hut eventually was provided with proper household; her tyrannical guardians, Robert de Km and John Baliol, punished, Kirlish influence being restored, 1265: visited England with lier husband, 1256 and 1260: gave birth to eldest hiM, Margaret, 12G1, to Alexander, 1264, and David, 1270: visited Henry III, 126K, awl attended Edward I's coronation, 1274.

[161] Margaret (1282?-1318), queen of Edward I; daughter of Philip III of France: married Edward, as his second wife, 1299; gave birth to three children: Thomas. 1300, Edmund, 1M, and Margaret, 1306: crowed to Boulogne to be present at Edward I I's marriage, 130H.

[162] Margaret of Scotland (1425?-1445), wife of the dauphin Louis (afterwanls Louis XI of France): daughter of.l.iin.-- 1 of Scotland; married Louis at Toun, 1436.and was treated badly by him; wrote poetry,

[163] Margaret, the Maid of Norway (1283–1290), queen of Scotland: daughter of Eric II of Norway and Margaret, daughter of Alexander III of Scotland (12411286), by his queen Margaret, daughter of Henry III; acknowledged by nobles as heir of kingdom of Scotland, 1284: affianced to Prince Edward, son of Edward I, 1287; died in the Orkneys while on voyage from Bergen to England. A woman declaring herself to be Margaret was bnnied at Bergen. 13nl, by King Hakon V, and was reverenced as a saint by many who believed her story.

[164] Margaret of Anjou (1430–1482), queen consort of Henry VI; daughter of Rene of Anjou; brought up by her grandmother, Yolande of Aragon in Anjou; truce of Tours confirming her betrothal to Henry VI siifnrl, Mil; married by proxy at Nancy, 1445, these events being brought about by Beaufort and the peace party: i-ntm-l London and crowned at Westminster Abbey in Ml 1446; devoted her abilities towards identifying IHTM It and Henry VI with one faction, the Beaufort-Suffolk party: brought about Henry's surrender of possession* in Maine, 1445; appropriated greedily part of Duke Humphrey's estates on his death, 1447: on fall of Suffolk (14-J'J ti -.inferred her confidence to Somerset, who incurred unpopularity by his loss of Normandy and Gulenue: liberated Somerset from prison, 1450, and drove Richard, duke of York, into violent courses; displayed covetousness and high-handedness: foundol, with Andrew Doket, QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1448; gave birth to son Edward, 1463; failed to secure regency on Henry's prostration, but on his recovery (1455) tried to crush York; defeated at St. Albans, 1455, when Somerset was killed, on which York again became protector: left Henry in disgust, 1456; was seemingly reconciled to York, 1458, but forthwith stirred up country against his party; communicated secretly with Breze, seneschal mandy: on Henry's defeat at Northampton, MI". rtd with the prince into Cheshire, and after many adventures took refuge successively at Harlech Cu-tl.-, at Denbigh, and in Scotland; signed treaty at Liiu-ludvn consenting to Edward's marriage with Mary of BooUaad and surrendering Berwick, 1461; after victory at Wakefield (1460) marched to London and defeated Warwick at St. Albans, 1461; showed great bruUility in execution of her enemies: after defeat at Towton ( March 1461 ) retired again to Scotland with Henry, surrendering Berwick to the Scot*: went to Brittany and Anjou and appealed to Louis XI, 1462; invaded Northumberland with Brea* and French troops, but failed, 1462: protected by a robber: landed at Sluy*, 1463, almost d-.tituu-; took refuge in finally with her father: sent Jasper Tudor ": made treaty with Warwick 470- landed at Wevmouth with forces, 1471, Wnwhile Warwick had been killed tan* her Mm being slain on the field and her husband niarderedsoon after, 1471: rematnei imprisoned till , 1476; was conveyed released by treaty of Peoquigny, 1476; was conveyeu braid and pensioned by Lonis XI, but compelled to surrender all rights of Buccession to French territory; lived in extreme poverty and isolation in Anjou, and was buried at Angers; Commemorated by Chastellain and Drayton 8hApere probably little responsible for the portrait of her in King Henry VI

[165] Margaret of Denmark (1457?–1486), queen of James III of Scotland; daughter of Christian I of Denmark. Norway, and Sweden; married James III, 1469; part of her dowry being the Orkney and Shetland Isles; gave birth to heir (afterwards James IV of Scotland), ;.;..

[166] Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503), jister of Edward IV: married Charles, duke of Burgundy, at Damme, 1468, thus cementing alliance between houses of York and Burgundy; reconciled Clarence to his brother, Edward IV, the latter having been compelled to take refuge in Burgundy, 1470; patroness of Oaxton: visited England, 1480: on Henry VH's accession received discontented Yorkists at her court, and enco-iraged the pretenders, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck; apologised to Henry VII, 1498; died at Mechlin.

[167] Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby. See Baeufort.

[168] Margaret Tudor (1489–1541), queen of Scotland ; eldest daughter of Henry VII: married James IV of Scotland at Holyrood, 1503: crowned, 1504; gave birth to six children, two of whom survived, James (afterwards James V) and Alexander; supported English party against the French; on James IV's death at Flodden, 1513. became regent and guardian of young king, but met with great opposition; secured peaoj with England, 1514; married Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, 1514, whereby she strengthened French party; was besieged in Stirling and compelled to give up regency and young king to John Stewart, duke of Albany, 1615; escaped to England and gave birth to Margaret, afterwards Countess of Lennox: returned to Edinburgh, 1617, but the promise made her of dower, rents, and access to her son never fulfilled; quarrelled with her hnsband, Angus, 1518: joined French party; was allowed accesK to the king, but constantly changed sides; allied herself with Albany, 1621; was accused ofover-tenderness* for him, and caused withdrawal of her husband, Angus, to France; played with both parties; carried off her son James to Edinburgh, and abrogated Albany's regency, but alienated support by rash actions, 1524; fired on Angus when he broke into Edinburgh, but admitted him to the regency, 1525; regained influence over her son .linn.--, but retired to Stirling on his refusal to allow return of Henry Stewart, first lord Methven, her favourite; obtained divorce from Angus, 1527, and married Ptewart, and together with him became James's chief adviser on fall of Angus, 1528; helped to bring about peace with England, 1634; accused by James of taking bribes from England, and treated with coldness by Henry VIII; interceded with Henry VIII for her daughtei Lady Margaret Douglas, 1536; endeavoured unsuccessful!, to procure divorce from Henry Stewart; attempted tc escape into England, but was overtaken, 1537; troubled Henry VIII with various complaints; died at Methven Castle; buried in the church of St. John at Perth.

[169] Augustus Raymond Margary (1846-1875) traveller; interpreter in Chinese consular establishment filled various appointments in China; travelled througl KMith western provinces to Yunnan to meet Colone Urowne, 1875, being the first Englishman to accomplid the journey; murdered at Manwein; obtained melals fo laving life at Formosa, 1873.

[170] James Margetson (1600–1678), archbishop of Armagh; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; chaplain to Wentworth in Ireland, 1633; dean of Waterford, 1635; succcssively rector of Armagh and Galloon or Dartry: rehendary of Cork and dean of Derry, 1637; dean of Christ Church, Dublin, 1639; refused to rise directory nstead of prayer-book, 1647; fled to England, and was mprisoned; archbishop of Dublin, 1661-3; privy coun llor, 1661; archbishop of Armagh, 1663-78, and vice lancellor of Dublin University, 1667; rebuilt Armagh Cathedral.

[171] Moses Margoliouth (1820–1881), divine; Jewish native of Suwalki, Poland: entered church of Engind, 1838: taught Hebrew and other subjects; entered rinity College, Dublin, 1840; ordained to curacy of St. neustine, Liverpool, 1844; incumbent of Glasnevin, 844; examining chaplain to bishop of Kildare, 1844; erved several curacies; visited the Holy Land, 1847; vicar of Little Linford, 1877-81; published The Fundamental Principles of Modern Judaism 1843, and other corks.

[172] Ralph Marham (fl. 1380), historian ; D.D. Cambridge; prior of King's Lynn; wrote Manipulus Chronicorum

[173] Scotus Marianus (1028–1082?), chronicler: native of Ireland; his true name Moelbrigte; pupil of Tigernach; entered Cologne monastery, 1056; recluse successively at Fulda and Mentz; wrote universal chroicle.

[174] Marianus Scotus or Muiredach (d. 1088), first abbot of St. Peter's, Ratisbon; famous for his caligraphy.

[175] William Mariner (fl. 1800–1860), traveller; etained in friendly captivity in the Tonga islands, 1805 _810; communicated to John Martin H789-1869) materials for hisAccount... of the Tonga Islands .817.

[176] Earls of Marischal . See KEITH, WILLIAM, burth EARL, d. 1581; KEITH, GEORGE, fifth EARL, 1553 ?1623; KEITH, WILLIAM, sixth EARL, d. 1635; KEITH, WILLIAM, seventh EARL, 1617 ?-1661; KEITH, GEORGE, tenth EARL, 1693 ?-1778.

[177] Adam de Marisco (d. 1257?). See Adam.

[178] Geoffrey de Marisco, Mariscis, Mareys or Mares (d. 1245), justiciar or viceroy of Ireland; nephew of John Comyn, archbishop of Dublin; powerful in South Munster and Leinster; received large grants of land in Ireland; defeated Hugh de Lacy (d. 1 242 ?) at Thurles; conquered Connauprht, 1210; made protestation of loyalty to King John, 1211; justiciar of Ireland, 1215-21, 1226-8, and 1230-2: visited Henry III at Oxford and made agreement with him, leaving one of his sons as hostage, 1220; carried on private wars; treacherously brought about death of Richard Marshal, 1234; being suspected of having plotted assassination of Henry III, 1238, fled to Alexander II of Scotland; expelled from Scotland, 1244; died in poverty in France,

[179] Hervey de Marisco (fl. 1169). See Mount-Maurice.

[180] Richard de Marisco or Marsh (d. 1226), bishop of Durham and chancellor; clerk of the exchequer; held various preferments; advised King John's persecution of Cistercians, 1210; archdeacon of Northumberland before 1212, and Richmond, 1213; sheriff of Dorset and Somerset, 1212; suspended for officiating during interdict, 1212; visited Rome; justiciar, 1213-14; acconrfpanied King John abroad, 1214; chancellor, 1214; sent on missions abroad, 1215; bishop of Durham, 1217-26; justice itinerant, 1219; engaged in violent dispute with his monks; one of John's worst advisers,

[181] Thomas Markaunt (d. 1439), antiquary ; B.D. ; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; proctor, 1417; said to have first collected the privileges, statutes, and laws of Cambridge University.

[182] Mrs Markham (1780-1837). See Elizabeth Penrose.

[183] Francis Markham (1565–1627), soldier and author; brother of Gervase Markham; fought in several campaigns abroad; muster-master at s~vt ii ham; works include Five Decades of Epistles of War 1622.

[184] Frederick Markham (1805-1855), lieuntenant-general, son of John Markham (1761-1827).(. S'2il foot, isi't; imprisoni! lor acting as second ii. linrl. *:!: served in Canada and was wounded, 1837; commnndiil divisions in Punjab campaign, 1848-9, including victory at Goojerat; C.B. and aide-de-camp to the queen; adjutant-general in India, 1854: commanded division at attack on the Redan, 1855; published Shooting in the Himalayas 1864.

[185] Gervase Markham or Jervis (1668?–1687), author; brother of Francis Markham; fought in tlic Netherlands; a scholar acquainted with various Iangnnire?: agricultural writer and reformer; said to have imported first Arab horse into England; earliest English hackney writer author of works and compilations, IncludingTlie most Honorable Tragedie of Sir Richard }rinvilc 1595,The English Arcadia 1607,Discourse on Horsemanshippe 1693,Country Contentments 1611, 'The Souldier's Accidence 1626, andThe Faithfull Farrier 1635; collaborated in writing plays; styleda base fellowby Ben Jonson.

[186] Sir Griffin Markham (1564?–1644?), soldier nnd conspirator; cousin of Francis and Qervase Markham; served in Netherlands; with Essex in France, where he was knighted, and in Ireland; concerned in the Byeplot, 1603, convicted of high treason, but respited at moment of execution; banished and his estates confiscated; retired abroad.

[187] John Markham (d. 1409), judge of common pleas, 1396: member of commission which carried out change of dynasty, 1399.

[188] Sir John Markham (d. 1479), chief-justice of England; son of John Markham (d. 1409); serjeant-at-law, 1440; judge, 1444; K.B. and chief-justice of king's bench, 1461; deprived, 1469; famous for his impartiality,

[189] John Markham (1761–1827), admiral; son of William Markham; entered navy, 1776; served on North America and West Indies stations; nearly wrecked and murdered when in charge of prize-ship, 1 777: cashiered for firing upon Ji French cartel, 1782, but reinstated by Rodney and promoted post-captain, 1783; commanded Sphynx in Mediterranean, 1783-6; travelled, 1786-93; served under Lord St. Vincent at reduction of Martinique, 1 703, off Cadiz. 1797, in Mediterranean, 1799, and off Brest, 1 si ii i; colleague of St. Vincent at admiralty board, 1801-4, and of Howick and Grenville, 1806-7; M.P., Portsmouth, 1807-26 (except 1818-20).

[190] Peter Markham (ft. 1758), writer on adulteration of bread, 1758; M.D.

[191] William Markham (1719–1807), archbishop of York; descended from John Markham (d. 1409); educated at Westminster School: student of Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1742; M.A., 1745: D.C.L., 1752; one of the best scholars of the day; published Latin verse; headmaster of Westminster School, 1753-65; chaplain to George II, 1766; prebendary of Durham, 1759; dean of Rochester, 1766; vicar of Boxley, 1766; dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1767; bishop of Chester, 1771; preceptor to George, prince of Wales and Prince Frederick, 1771, but dismissed, 1776; archbishop of York, 1777; lord high almoner and privy councillor, 1777; denounced by Chatham and others for preaching pernicious doctrines; attacked by Gordon rioters, 1780; used intemperate language in defence of Warren Hastings, which was brought under notice of parliament, 1793; at one time intimate friend of Burke.

[192] Abraham Markland (1645–1728), master of St. Cross Hospital, Winchester: scholar and fellow of St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1689; D.D., 1692; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1694-1728; held several living, and Winchester prebend; published poems and sermons.

[193] James Heywood Markland (1788–1864), antiquary; London solicitor, 1808 and 1839; F.S.A., 1809; parliamentary agent to West Indian planters, 1814; student, Inner Temple, 1814; F.R.S.,1816: edited for Roxburghe Club, which (1813) be joined,Chester Mysteries 1818; assisted and contributed to various publications, including papers for the Archaeologia: wroteOn the Reverence due to Holy Places 1846. and everal other works,

[194] Jeremiah Markland (16W-177S), scholar; of Christ's Hospital, London, and St. ..!i.i.ri,hf,.: M.A.. 1717; fellow and tot., OOrtrtbated p.* try toCambridge OratuUtious1714; engaged in private tuition: willed finally at Milton Court, near Dorking; published Bphtola Critic* (on Horace), 1723, Remarks on the Epistles of Cicero, 1 1746, ai.d (.t h rr vorks.

[195] Henry Stacy Marks (1829-1898), artist; employed in his father coach-b heraldic device* on carriage*: Matbews Leigh; entered Royal Academy schools, 1861: exhibited at Royal Academy from IMS: executed wall-paintings, representing the Canterbury pilgrims, in Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1876-8; R.A., 1878; member of Royal Water-colour Society, 1888. His earlier pictures were largely humorous Shakespearean subject*; in later years be specialised in natural-history subjects (principally birds), but produced also land and *ea scapes.

[196] Nathaniel Markwick or Markwicke (1664-1735), divine; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1690: B.D. (as Markwick), 1696; prebendary of Bath and Wells, 1699; works include Stricturae Lucis 1788.

[197] Dukes of Marlborough . See John Churchill first DUKE, 1660–1722; SPENCER, OHARLKA, third Duke 1706–1758; SPENCER, GEORGE, fourth DUKK, 1739-1817; SPENCER, GEORGE, fifth DUKE, 1766-1840; CHURCHILL, JOHN WINSTON SPKNCBR, seventh DUKK, 1822-1883.

[198] Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, (1660–1744). See Sarah Churchill.

[199] Earls of Marlborough . See LET, JAMES, first Earl 1550–1629 ; LEY, JAMES, third EARL, 1618–1666.

[200] Henry of Marlborough (fl. 1420). See Henry.

[201] Thomas de Marleberge (d. 1236), abbot of Evesham; learned in canon and civil law; taught at Oxford; monk of Evesham, 1199 or 1200; engaged in dispute with bishop of Worcester concerning right of visitation of monastery; went to Rome and obtained verdict of exemption, 1205; quarrelled with Abbot Norreys; expelled and attacked with his companions, 1206, but beat off assailants; effected deposition of Norreys, 1213; made abbot, 1229; paid off the abbey's debts and carried out numerous and important restorations and adornments; architect, mechanical workman, painter, and embroiderer; wrote Chronicon Abbatite de Evesham and other works.

[202] William Marlow (1740–1813), water-colour painter; member of Society of Artists; exhibited there and at Academy: painted mostly English country seats and scenes; worked also in oil.

[203] Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593), tist; son of a Canterbury shoemaker; educated at King's School, Canterbury, and Corpus Cbri*ti College, Cambridge; M.A.. 1587; attached himself to Earl of Nottingham's theatrical company, which produced most of bis plays: acquainted with leading men of letters, including Raleigh; wrote, not later than 1587, Tamburlaine (published, 1590), in which he gave new development to blank verse; wrote The Tragedy of Dr. Faustos (first entered on StationersRegister 1601, but not apparently published till 1604), which was well received: produced after 1688,The Jew of Malta* (first published, 1633), Edward II the best-constructed of his plays, 1593 (first published, 1594), and two inferior pieces, the Massacre at Paris(probably published, 1600), andTragedy of Dido(joint work of Marlowe and Nash), published, 1594: pointed to as part author of Shakespeare's "Titus Andronicus by internal evidence: wrote much of the second and third parts of Henry VI which Shakespeare revised and completed, and ofEdward III translated Grid's Amores (published with Sir John Davies's Epigrammes and Elegies e. 1597); paraphrased part of Mosseus's Hero and Leander(completed by George Chapman and published, 1698); translated The First Book of Lacan*s Pharsalia (published, 1600): wrote the song Come live with me and be my love(published in "The Passionate Pilgrim 1599, and in England's Helicon; held and propagated atheistical opinions, and a warrant issued for his arrest, !: killed in a drunken brawl at Deptfonl probably not guilty of the blasphemy and gross immoiality often ascribed to him: spoken of with affection by Edward Blount, Nashe, and Chapman: his mighty line noken of by Ben Jonson: quoted and apostrophised by Bbjkkamue mAs yon like it.* Marlowe excelled in portraying human ambition and exerted much influence over Shakespeare, His collected works were first published, :,;.

[204] Philip Marmion (d. 1291), grandson of Robert Marmion (d. 1218): sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1249, of Norfolk and Suffolk, 1261; taken prisoner fighting for the king at Lewes, 1264.

[205] Robert Marmion (d. 1143), carried on war during anarchy in Stephen's reign; killed in fight with Earl of Chester at Coventry.

[206] Robert Marmion (d. 1218), justice itinerant and reputed king's champion: descended from lords of Fontenay le Marmion in Normandy, grandson of Robert Marmion(d. 1143): sheriff of Worcester, 1186; attended Richard I and King John in Normandy; sided with barons against King John; benefactor of Kir ks toad Abbey, Lincolnshire.

[207] Shackerley Marmion (1603–1639), dramatist ; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1624; soldier for a short time in the Netherlands; settled in London and was patronised by Ben Jonson, whose dramatic work he imitated; convicted of stabbing, 1629: joined Suckling's expedition to Scotland, 1638; wroteA Morall Poem intituled the Legend of Cupid and Psyche 1637 (in heroic couplets): contributed poetry to Annalia Dubrensia 13, and toJonsonus Virbius 1638; produced the comedies Hollands Leagver 1632, A Fine Companion 1633, and The Antiquary published, 1641.

[208] Robert Marnock (1800–1889), landscape gardener; laid out botanical gardens in Sheffield and Regent's Park, London, becoming curator; carried out designs at Greenland*, Henley-on- Thames, Taplow Court, San Donate, near Florence, and Alexandra Park, Hastings; his designs distinguished by good taste and picturesqueness edited * Floricultnral Magazine(1836-42) and other gardening publications, and wrote with Deakin first volume of * Florigraphia Britannica 1837.

[209] Carlo Marochetti (1805–1867), sculptor, baron of Italy: studied at Paris and Rome; executed statue of Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy for Turin, and other work; made baron by Carlo Alberto, later patronised by LouisPhilippe; executed at Paris statue of Duke of Orleans, relief of * Assumption in the Madeleine, and other sculptures; given Legion of Honour, 1839; patronised by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert after 1848; exhibited Sappho and other work at Academy, and statue of Richard Coeur de Lion at Great Exhibition, 1851; executed statues of Queen Victoria, the Duke of Wellington, and others, the Inkerman monument in St. Paul's Cathedral, and other monuments and busts: R.A., 1866; advocateof polychromy in sculpture.

[210] Frederick Marrable (1818–1872), architect ; superintending architect to metropolitan board of works, 1866-62; constructed offices in Spring Gardens, besides other important London buildings.

[211] Giacinto Marras (1810–1883), singer and musical composer; born at Naples and studied music there; came to England, 1835; sang at, and gave, concerts with Grisi, Lablache, Balfe, and others; visited Russia, 1842, and Vienna and Naples later; was in Paris, 1844; settled in England, 1846; published songs and other works; sang in public; institutedapres-midis musicales* at his own boose; visited India, 1870-3, and the Riviera, 1879; immense repertoire of oratorio, opera, and chamber music; as composer belongs to Italian school; published also Lezioni di Canto and Element! Vocali 18*0, valuable treatises on singing.

[212] William Marrat (1772–1882), mathematician and topographer; contributed to mathematical serials; printer and publisher at Boston, Lincolnshire, and teacher of mathematics; works include An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Mechanics 1810, and The History of Lincolnshire 1814-16.

[213] John Marrey or Marre (d. 1407), Carmelite; scholastic theologian, disputant, and preacher; head of doncaster convent ; wrote scholastic treatises ami other works.

[214] Charles Marriott (1811–1858), divine; son of John Marriott (1780-1825); scholar of Balliol College, Oxford; B.A., 1832: fellow, mathematical lecturer, and tutor of Oriel College, Oxford, 1833; principal of Theological College, Chichester, 1839; sub-dean of Oriel College, Oxford, 1841; disciple of Newman till Newman went over to Rome; had great influence among younger men at Oxford: vicar of St. Mary the Virgin, 1850-8; member of hebdomadal council: published sermons and pamphlets, and edited with Pusey and Keble, The Library of the Fathers 1841-55, also The Literary Churchman from 1855, and other publications.

[215] Sir James Marriott (1730?–1803), lawyer and politician; scholar and (1756) fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge; LL.D., 1767; patronised by Duke of Newcastle; advocate-general, 1764; master of Trinity Hall, 1764; vice-chancellor, 1767; judge of admiralty court, 1778; knighted, 1778; M.P., Sudbury, 1781-4 and 17961802; declared America to be represented in the English parliament by the member for Kent, the thirteen provinces being described in their charters as part and parcel of the manor of Greenwich, 1782; published poems and legal and political works.

[216] John Marriott (d. 1653), ' the great eater,' known as Ben Marriott celebrated in The Great Eater of Graye's Inn( pasquinade), 1652, where his insatiable appetite is described in detail.

[217] John Marriott (1780–1825), poet and divine: student, Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1806; tutor to Lord Scott, 1804-8, and intimate with Sir Walter Scott, who addressed to him the second canto of Marmion; rector of Church Lawford, Warwickshire, 1807; held curacies in Devonshire: contributed poems to Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border and author of several others, including Marriage is like a Devonshire Lane and hymns, also of sermons.

[218] Wharton Booth Marriott (1823–1871), divine; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1843-6; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1846-51; B.O.L., 1851; M.A., 1856; B.D., 1870; university preacher, 1868; Grinfield lecturer, 1871; assistant-master at Eton, 1850-60; F.S.A., 1857; published Vestiarium Ohristianum 1868, and other works.

[219] George Marrowe (. 1437), alchemist.

[220] Florence Marryat , successively MRS. CHURCH and MRS. LEAN (1838-1899), novelist: daughter of Frederick Marryat; married, firstly, T. Ross Church, afterwards colonel in Madras staff corps, 1854, and secondly, Colonel Francis Lean of royal marine light infantry, 1890; published from 1865 many novels, works dealing with spiritualism, and Life and Letters of Captain Marryat 1872.

[221] Frederick Marryat (1792–1848), captain R.N. and novelist; grandson of Thomas Marryat; served under Lord Cochrane in the Imperieuse, which performed several brilliant actions, including attack on French fleet in Aix Roads, 1809; took part in Walcheren expedition, 1809; served on Mediterranean, West Indies, North America, and St. Helena stations: commanded the Larne in first Burmese war, 1823; senior naval officer at Rangoon, 1824; commanded successful expedition up Bassein river, 1825; appointed to the Teea, 1825, and Ariadne, 1828; C.B., 1826; gold medallist. Royal Humane Society, for saving life at sea; adapted Popham's signalling system to mercantile marine; F.R.S., 1819; member of Legion of Honour, 1833; published The Naval Officer 1829, and series of well-known novels of sea-life, including Peter Simple 1834, and Mr. Midshipman Easy 1836, largely autobiographical; published children's books and other works, and (1832-8) edited Metropolitan Magazine; lived for some time at Brussels and in Canada and the United States.

[222] Thomas Marryat (1730–1792), physician and wit; belonged to poetical club which met at the Robin Hood, Butcher Row, Strand; was educated for prcsbyterian ministry; M.D. Edinburgh; practised in London, America, Ireland, and elsewhere, finally settling at Bristol: administered strange remedies; published The Philosophy of Masons Therapeutics 1758, and verses, and other works.

[223] John Buxton Marsden (1803–1870), historical writer; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1830; vicar of Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, 1844; perpetual curate of St. Peter, Dale End, Birmingham, 1851; works include The History of the Early Puritans 1850, The History of the Later Puritans 1852, History of Christian Churches 1856.

[224] John Howard Marsden (1808–1891), antiquary; scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, and H. II scholar; Seatonian prizeman, 1829; M.A., 1829; B.D., 1836: select preacher, 1834, 1837, and 1847; Hulsean lecturer, 1843 and 1844, and Disney professor of archaeology. 1851-65; rector of Great Oakley, Essex, 1840-89, and rural dean; published religious, archaeological, and historical works, and verses.

[225] Samuel Marsden (1764–1838), apostle of New Zealand; tradesman's son; studied at St. John's College, Cambridge; chaplain in New South Wales, 1793; had charge of convicts; while on visit to London in 1807 i obtained audience of George III, who presented him with five Spanish sheep, the progenitors of extensive Australian flocks; made several visits to New Zealand, and was one of the chief settlers of that country; endeavoured to improve the standard of morals; was attacked by authorities, but defended himself successfully before commission, 1820; died at Parramatta.

[226] William Marsden (1754–1836), orientalist and numismatist; entered East India Company's service, 1770; i secretary to government at Sumatra; established agency business in London, 1785; second secretary, 1795, and secretary, 1804, to admiralty; F.R.S., 1783; subsequently treasurer and vice-president; member of various learned societies; D.O.L. Oxford, 1786; publishedHistory of Sumatra, 1 1783,Dictionary and Grammar of the Malayan Language 1812 NumismataOrientalia 1823- 5, and other, works; presented his collection of oriental coins to British Museum, 1834.

[227] William Marsden (1796–1867), surgeon; worked under Abernethy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; I M.R.C.P., 1827: founded Royal Free Hospital, London, where poor were admitted immediately without formalities, aud Brompton Cancer Hospital; MJ). Erlangen, 1838; published Symptoms and Treatment of... Asiatic... Cholera 1834.

[228] Alphonso Marsh , the elder (1627–1681), musician to Charles I: gentleman of the Chapel Royal, e. 1661; composed songs.

[229] Alphonso Marsh , the younger (1648?-1692), musician; FOII of Alphonso Marsh the elder; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1676.

[230] Charles Marsh (1735–1812), clerk in war office; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1760: F.S.A., 1784; buried in Westminster Abbey.

[231] Charles Marsh (1774?–1835?), barrister, Lincoln's Inn; practised at Madras; M.P., East Retford, 1812: distinguished himself by knowledge of Indian affairs and denounced Wilberforce's attempt to force Christianity on natives; contributed to various publications and wrote able pamphlets.

[232] Francis Marsh (1627–1693), archbishop of Dublin; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1650; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, 1651; prelector rbetoncus, 1651-2 and 1654-7; dean of Connor, 1660; dean of Armagh and archdeacon of Dromore, 1661; bishop of Limerick, Ardfert, and Aghadoe, 1667; translated to I Kilmore and Ardagh, 1672; archbishop of Dublin, 1682; opposed Tyrcounel; withdrew to England, 1689, and was included in act of attainder; returned after battle of the Boyue, 1690.

[233] George Marsh (1515–1555), protestant martyr; farmer: subsequently M.A. Cambridge, 1542: lived at Cambridge aud also acted as curate in Leicestershire and London; preached in Lancashire and was imprisoned at Lancaster, 155 4, and Chester: burnt at Spital Boughton, his character aud sufferings giving rise to marvellous traditions.

[234] Henry Marsh, first baronet (1790–1860), physician; descended from Francis Marsh: B.A., n: professor of medicine at College of Physicians, 1841, 184J, 1845. and 184 to the queen, 1837: created baronet, 18tt taMtern i Ml Ml.. ftbor,

[235] Herbert Marsh (1757-1839) successively btabop of Llandaff and Peterborough: educated at King's School, (:.nuri.iiry; scholar of St. John 1 * College, Cambridge, 177: seoond wranger second Smith's prizeman. 1779; fellow, .A n 1782; DJ. ( by royal mandate), 1808; studied at Leipzig; returned to Leipzig after prosecution of William Fraud; published translation of Michaelis's Introduction to the New Testament with original notes, 1 793- IHol, which aroused a great controversy; supported English national credit by publishing translation of an essay by Patje (president of the board of finance at Hanover), 1797; hia History of the Politics of Great Britain and Francewidely read, 1799; given pension by Pitt aud proscribed by Napoleon; lady Margaret professor at Cambridge, 1807; gave several courses on biblical criticism, which were attended by crowded audiences; preached anti-CulvmUti- vermons before university, 1805; opposed establishment of Bible Society In Cambridge; wrote various pamphlets an ! answered by Simeon and Milner; publishedComparative View of the Churches of England and Rome 1814, and Hone Pelasgicw 1816; bishop of Llandaff, 1*16, of Peterborough, 1819; endeavoured to exclude evangelical clergy from diocese by his notoriouseightyseven questions; successfully defended himself in House of Lords; denounced by Sydney Smith; opposed hymns in services and catholic emancipation; foremost divine at Cambridge; a vigorous but often coarse pamphleteer; introduced German methods of research into biblical study.

[236] James Marsh (1794–1846), chemist; practical chemist at Woolwich Arsenal aud assistant to Faraday at Military Academy, 1829; invented electro-magnetic apparatus and Marsh arsenic test: gained gold and silver medals from Society of Arts; wrote papers.

[237] John Marsh (1750–1828), musical composer; wrote works on musical theory; compiled chart-books; composed various pieces.

[238] John Fitchett Marsh (1818–1880), antiquary ; solicitor and town-clerk of Warriugton; contributed to various societies papers on Milton and other subjects; his Annals of Chepstow Castle printed, 1883.

[239] Narcissus Marsh (1638–1713), archbifhop of Armagh; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1658; fellow of Exeter, 1658; D.D., 1671; incumbent of Swindon, 1662-3: preached at Oxford; chaplain to bishop of Exeter and Clarendon; principal of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1673; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1679; encouraged maintenance of Irish language, and prepared, with Robert Boyle, Irish translation of Old Testament: enthusiastic mathematician; joined in founding Royal Dublin Society, contributing essay on sound, 1683; learned orientalist; built new hall and chapel; bishop of Firuaud Leighlin and rector of Killeban, 16*3; fled to England, 1689. and obtained preferment; returned, 1690; archbishop of Cashel, 1691; gave Swift prebend of Dunlavin, 1700; established library at St Sepulchre's, for which he purchased Stillingfleet's books; several times lord justice of Ireland; translated to Armagh, 1703; benefactor of Armagh diocese; published miscellaneous works.

[240] William Marsh (1775–1864), divine: M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1807; D.D., 1839; curate of St. Lawrence, Reading, 1800; impressive evangelical preacher; friend and correspondent of Charles Simeon; held livings successively of Nettlebed, Basildon, and Ashampstead, St. Peter's, Colchester, St. Thomas, Birmingham, St. Mary, Leamington, and Beddiugton, Surrey; canon of Worcester, 1848; published religious works.

[241] Mrs. Anne Marsh-Caldwell (1791–1874), novelist; nAe Caldwell; married Arthur Cuthbert Marsh, 1817; published Two Old Men's Tales 1834, followed by Emilia Wyndbam 1846, and other novels.

[242] Andrew Marshal (1742–1813), physician and private tutor: later studied medicim- in LoodooT'sargeon at Jersey to 83rd regiment, 1778-83; MJ Edinburgh, 1788: successful teacher of anatomy in London: devoted himself to medical practice, 1800; wrote papers on madness.

[243] Anselm Marshal, sixth and last Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1245) son of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke and Striguil

[244] Ebenezer Marshal (d. 1813), historian; presbyterian minister; published "The History of the Union of Scotland and England 1799, and other works.

[245] Gilbert Marshal, fourth Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1241), son of William Marshal, first Earl of Pembroke and Striguil; took minor orders; joined opposition to Henry III's foreign favourites; received fatal injuries in a tournament.

[246] John Marshal (d. 1164?), warrior ; was besieged by Stephen at Marlborough, 1139; supported Empress Maud; present at siege of Winchester, 1141: took refuge in Wherwell Abbey: with the empress Matilda at Oxford, 1142: given lands by Henry II on his accession: present at council of Clarendon, 1164; appealed to the king for justice against Becket, 1164.

[247] John Marshal , first Baron Marshal of Hingham (1170 ?-1235), nephew of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke and Striguil; accompanied his uncle on Flanders campaign, 1197-8; had charge of Falaise, 1203; received grant of lands: steward for his uncle in Ireland, 1204; marshal of Ireland, 1207; given charge of various counties and castles; received large grants of land; supported King John against the barons; went to Rome on mission for John, 1215: accompanied him north, 1216: fought against the French at Lincoln, 1217, and preoared for arrival of French fleet; sheriff of Hampshire, 1217; justice of the forest and justice itinerant, and for assize of arms, 1230; sent on various missions to Ireland; sent abroad, 1225.

[248] Richard Marshal , third Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1234), son of William Marshal, first earl ; lived at first in France; on death of elder brother came to England and obtained possession of earldom, 1231; defended Hubert de Burgh, 1232, and opposed Peter des Roches; as head of baronage appealed in vain to Henry III todismiss foreigners, 1233; engaged in war with Llywelyn ab lorwerth, 1233; being warned of intended treachery refused to come to council, 1233; proclaimed traitor and deprived of marshalship, 1233: made alliance with Llywelyn and captured several castles; defeated foreign mercenaries and royal army, 1234, and secured dismissal of Peter des Roches and Poitevins, 1234; went to Ireland to make war against enemies stirred up by Peter des Roches; treacherously betrayed and fatally wounded in Kildare.

[249] Walter Marshal , fifth Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1246), son of William Marshal, first earl of Pembroke and Striguil

[250] William Marshal , first Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1219), regent of England; son of John Marshal (d. 1164 ?); hostage in Stephen's hands, 1152; trained in Normandy; accompanied his nncle, Earl Patrick, to Poitou, 1168, but was wounded and captured: ransomed by Queen Eleanor; guardian of Prince Henry, 1170: sided with the prince in his rebellion against his father: left the court. 1182; went to France; recalled, 1183; on death of young Henry started for the Holy Land to bear Henry II's cross to the holy sepulchre and performed great exploits there; returned, c. 1187; became member of king's household; present at conference of Oisors, 1 188, and volunteered to fight as champion; promised the band of the heiress of Pembroke and Striguil; failed in mission to King Philip of France at Paris, 1189; took part in engagement*; spared Prince Richard's life in battle: remained faithful to Henry II to the last at Chinon; joint-marshal at Richard I's coronation, 1189; subordinate justiciar under Longchamp; subsequently joined in opposition toLongchnmp; received Nottingham Castle to bold for Richard I, 1 191: associated in govern . with Walter de Coutances and excommunicated by Longchamp; retained Richard I's favour: took up arms against Earl John, brother of Richard I, 1193; accompanied Richard to Normandy, 1194, and took part in fighting: made treaties with counts of Boulogne and Flanders, 1196; appointed custodian of Rouen by Richard before his death, 1199; declared for King John, and with Hubert secured his peaceful succession in England, 1199; invaded Wales, 1204; with John's consent did homage to King Philip oi France for his Norman lands, 1204; refused to accompany John's projected expedition to Poitou, 1205; entrusted with defence of England in John's absence, 1206; visited his estates in Ireland, 1207; recalled to England, and his Irish lands ravaged by John's direction: returned to Ireland, 1208, and obtained full possession: received William de Braose, 1208; compelled to give hostages to John; protested against papal encroachments, 1212; returned to England, 1213: became John's chief adviser, 1213; witnessed charter of resignation to pope, 1213; made guardian of John's eldest son, and guardian of England, 1214, during John's absence abroad; one of John's envoys to the barons, but also one of the counsellers of Magna Carta, 1215; sent to France to avert threatened invasion, end of 1216: executor of John's will, 1216; regent, 1216: republished Great Charter with omissions, 1216; took Lincoln, 1217, while Hubert defeated French fleet; effected treaty of Lambeth (1217) with Louis, and made himself responsible for payment of 10,000 marks; established order in the kingdom; took habit of a Templar before his death at Caversham, near Reading; possessed lands in Ireland, England, Wales, and Normandy.

[251] William Marshal, second Earl of Pembroke and Striguil (d. 1231), son of William, first earl; hostage in King John's hands, 1205-12; joined barons and was one of twenty-five executors of Magna Carta, 1215; excommunicated by the pope; joined Louis of France, 1216, but abandoned him later; fought with his father at Lincoln, 1217; succeeded to earldom and estates, 1219, and surrendered Norman lands to his brother Richard ; forced Llywelyn of Wales to make terms, 1223: justiciar in Ireland (1224), where he compelled submission of Hugh de Lacy, 1224; lived alternately in England and Ireland; married as second wife Henry Ill's sister Eleanor, 1224; high in Henry Ill's favour, though supporting Richard of Cornwall, 1227; accompanied Henry HI into Brittany, 1230, and fought in Normandy and Anjou.

[252] Arthur Milnes Marshall (1852–1893), naturalist: B.A. London, 1870, and St. John's College, Cambridge, 1874; lectured with Francis Maitland Balfour on zoology at Cambridge, 1875: M.B. Cambridge, D.Sc. London, and fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1877; M.A., 1878: M.D., 1882: professor of zoology, Owens College, Manchester, 1879-93; secretary, and subsequently chairman of board of studies of the Victoria University; killed accidentally while on Scafell; F.R.S., 1885; published important memoirs on origin and development of nervous system in higher animals and other subjects.

[253] Benjamin Marshall (1767?–1835), animal painter; exhibited thirteen pictures, chiefly portraits of racehorses and their owners, at Royal Academy, 1801-12 and 1818-19.

[254] Charles Marshall (1637–1698), quaker; 'chymistandmedical practitioner devoted his life to preaching throughout the country; was frequently imprisoned, fined, and prosecuted for non-payment of tithes; worked bard to counteract divisions; publishedThe Way of Life Revealed 1674, A Plain and Candid Account of... certain experienced Medicines c. 1681, and a journal, and other works.

[255] Charles Marshall (1806–1890), scene-painter ; executed very successful work under Macready at Oovent Garden and Drury Lane, London, especially in some of Shakespeare's plays; employed also at the opera: painted landscapes and other pictures.

[256] Charles Ward Marshall (1808–1876), tenor singer; brother of William Marshall (1806-1876)

[257] Edward Marshall (1578–1675), statuary and master-mason; master-mason to Charles II; executed monuments.

[258] Emma Marshall (1830–1899), novelist: daughter of Simon Martin, banker at Norwich; married Hugh George Marshall, 1854; nettled at Clifton; published numenm- novels, the stories of which are generully woven round some historical character.

[259] Francis Albert Marshall (1840–1889), dramatist; of Harrow and Exeter College, Oxford; olerk in sunlit office and later contributor to the press and dramatic critic: wrote several plays andsome other works; edited theHenry Irving Editionof Shakespeare, 8 vols., 1888-90.

[260] George Marshall (I. 1664), poet; wrote 'A Compendious Treatise in metre* describing growth of Christianity till Mary's reign from catholic point of view (reprinted, 1876).

[261] Henry Marshall (1776–1881), inspector-general of army hospitals; surgeon's mate in navy, 1808; served with army later; served in South America, Cape, and Ceylon; M.D.; held various posts in England; drew up valuable report with Tulloch concerning health of West Indian troops, 1836; hon. M.D. New York, 1847; founder of military medical statistics; wrote on military and medical topics.

[262] James Marshall (1796–1865), divine: presbyterian minister, but subsequently joined English church: held livings successively of St. Mary-le-Port, Bristol, 1842, and Christ Church, Clifton, 1847-66; published sermons and other works.

[263] Sir James Marshall (1829–1889 X colonial judge ; son of James Marshall, vicar of Christ Church, Clifton; graduated from Exeter College, Oxford; was ordained, but turned Roman catholic, 1867; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1866; chief magistrate of Gold Coast, 1873; chief-justice, 1877-82; knighted, 1882; O.M.G., 1886

[264] Jane Marshall or Marishall (fl. 1765), novelist and dramatist; imitator of Richardson.

[265] John Marshall (1534–1597).

[266] John Marshall " (1757–1825), village pedagogue; educated at Newcastle-on-Tyne grammar school; schoolmaster successively in Lake district and Freeman's Hospital, Newcastle; published "The "Village Pedagogue, a poem 1817.

[267] John Marshall (1784?–1837), lieutenant R.N. (1815) and author; published the Royal Naval Biography 1823-35.

[268] John Marshall (1783–1841), statistical writer ; employed at the home office; chief work,A Digest of all the Accounts relating to... the United Kingdom 1833.

[269] John Marshall, Lord Curriehill (1794–1868), judge of the court of session as Lord Curriehill, 1852-68.

[270] John Marshall (1818–1891), anatomist and surgeon; entered University College, London, 1838; F.R.C.S., 1849; assisted Robert Listen and practised; demonstrator of anatomy at University College, London, 1845; professor of surgery, 1866, subsequently professor of clinical surgery; consulting surgeon, University College Hospital, 1884; Hunterian (1885) and Morton (1889) lecturer; F.R.S., 1857; president of several medical societies; LL.D. Edinburgh; hon. M.D. Dublin, 1890; professor of anatomy at Royal Academy, 1873-91; Pullerian professor of physiology at Royal Institution; introduced galvano-cautery and excision of varicose veins; published * The Outlines of Physiology 1867, and several valuable works.

[271] Joshua Marshall (1629–1678), statuary and master-mason; son of Edward Marshall

[272] Nathaniel Marshall (d. 1730), divine; LL.B. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1702; took orders; preacher in London and George I's chaplain, 1715; rector of St. Vedast and St. Michael-le-Querne, London, 1715: D.D Cambridge, by royal mandate, 1717; canon of Windsor, 1722: works include A Defence of the Consti tution &c., 1717.

[273] Stephen Marshall (1594?-1665), presbyterian divine; son of a poor Huntingdonshire glover; M.A Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1622; B.D., 1629 vicar of Finchingfield, Essex; reported for want of conformity 1636; a great preacher; for Short parliament, 1640, and eloquent sermons before the Commons of great political " -I -: -;rv. MMtad i.,-.- -p.t.t,., MlMM::.,;. U II, and wrote with other divines Smectymnuus 1641; supported bill for abolishing episcopacy, 1641; appointed preacher at St. Margaret, Westminster, 1642; chaplain to regiment of third Earl of Essex. 1642; Westminster Assembly, 1641; sent to in discussions with Scottish chaplain to regiment summoned to Westm Scotland and took part delegates; waited on Laud before execution, IMS; attended Uxbridge conference, 1645; parliamentary commissioner at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1647; chaplain to the king at Holmby House and in the Isle of Wight; prepared with others the shorter catechism 1647; town preacher at Ipswich, 1661; commissioner to draw up fundamentals of religion 1663; atrier 1644; buried in Westminster Abbey, but exhumed at Restoration. His sermons i-.-p-cnilly the funeral sermon for Pym, 1643, helped to guide the course of events, and his influence was esteemed by Clarendon greater than that of Laud's on the other side.

[274] Thomas Marshall (1621–1685), dean of Gloucester; B.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1646 ; served in king's army; preacher in Holland to merchant adventurers, 1660-76; published Observations on Anglo-Saxon and Gothic versions of the gospel, 1665, and other works; D.D. Oxford, 1659; rector of Lincoln College, 1672; chaplain to the king; rector of Bladou, 1680-2; dean of Gloucester, 1681-5; left estate for maintenance of scholars at his college, and books and manuscripts to university library.

[275] Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818–1878), portrait, landscape, genre and history painter,

[276] Thomas William Marshall (1818 - 1877), catholic controversialist; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1840; took orders, but (1846) turned Roman catholic; inspector of schools; lectured in United States, 1873; published Christian Missions 1862, and controversial works.

[277] Walter Marshall (1628-1680), presbyterian divine; scholar of Winchester; M.A. and fellow, New College, Oxford, 1660; fellow of Winchester, 1657-61; incumbent of Hursley, but ejected, 1662; later, minister at Gosport; his Gospel Mystery of Sanctification published, 1692.

[278] William Marshall (ft. 1535), reformer, printer, and translator; enthusiastic protestant reformer, and Cromwell's agent; published several anti-catholic works, including translation of Erasmus's Maner and Forme of Confession; The Defence of Peace (translation from Marsilio of Padua), 1535, and Pyctures and Y mages 1535.

[279] William Marshall (ft. 1630–1650), early English engraver; illustrated books, and executed portrait* of historical interest.

[280] William Marshall (1746–1818), agriculturist and philologist; traded in West Indies; subsequently took farm near Croydon, 1774; agent in Norfolk to Sir Harbord Harbord, 1780; published Minutes of Agriculture 1778 (submitted to Dr. Johnson), General Survey of the Rural Economy of England 1787-98: originated board of agriculture, 1793; published vocabulary of Yorkshire dialect in his Economy of Yorkshire

[281] William Marshall (1748–1833), violinist and composer, and factor (1790) to the Duke of Richmond and Gordon; published Marshall's Scottish Airs 1821.

[282] William Marshall (1806–1875), organist at Christ Church, Oxford, and St. John's College, Oxford, 1824, and St. Mary's, Kidderminster, 1846; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1840; composer and compiler.

[283] William Marshall (1807 - 1880), Scottish divine and controversialist; studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities; secessionist minister at Ooupar- Angus, Perthshire, 1830: champion of the voluntary principle; zealous advocate of free trade and abolitionism: Instrumental In effecting union between relief and secession churches, 1847: moderator of presbyterian synod, 1865; published historical and other works.

[284] William Calder Marshall (1813–1894), sculptor; studied at TrusteesAcui). n,., l..l.nlurgh, and at Royal Academy, London: A.K.s.A.. 1*40; R.A., 18M: retired, 1890: his works include the group svmboho of Agriculture on the Albert Memorial, Hvtle Park.

[285] Sir John Marsham, first baronet (1602–1685), writer on chronology: M.A. St John's College, Oxford, 1625: travelled abroad: chancery clerk, 1638; followed Charles I to Oxford: compounded, 1646, and retired to hit seat at Cuxton, Kent; M.P., Rochester, 166U; reinstated in chancery and knighted, 1660; created baronet, 1663: published Chronicus Canon... 1672, and other works: according to Wotton, the first to make the Egyptian antiquities intelligible.

[286] Thomas Marsham (d. 1819), entomologist : published Coleoptera Britannica 1808.

[287] George Marshe (1515–1555). See Marsh.

[288] John Clark Marshman (1794–1877), author of 4 History of India; son of Joshua Marshman; accompanied his father to Serampur, 1800, and directed mission; subsequently undertook secular work; started first paper-mill in India, and (1818) first paper in Bengali, and first English weekly, the * Friend of India 1821: publishedGuide to the Civil Law long the civil code of India; established Serampur College for education of natives: official Bengali translator; published his History of India 1842, the History of Bengal 1848, and other works; O.I.E., 1868.

[289] Joshua Marshman (1768-1837), orientalist and missionary; weaver; master of baptist school at Broadmead, Bristol, 1794; baptist missionary to Serampur, 1799: took prominent part in translating scriptures into various dialects, and with his son, John Clark Marshman , established newspapers and Serampur College; published first complete Chinese bible and other works, Including translation of Confucius, 1809.

[290] Barons Marston . See BOYLE, CHARLES, first Baron 1676–1731 ; BOYLE, JOHN, second BARON, 1707–1762.

[291] John Marston (1575?–1634), dramatist and divine; belonged to Shropshire Marstons; B.A. Brasenoee College, Oxford, 1594; incumbent of Ohristchurch, Hampshire, 1616-31; publishedThe Metamorphosis of Pigtnalion'smage 1698, andThe Scourge of Villanie 1598 and 1599 (satires); issued History of Antonio and Mellida," a tragedy, 1602, which was ridiculed by Ben Jonson; wrote a series of comedies: The Malcontent with additions by Webster, 1604, Eastward Ho (comedy), 1605 (with Jonson and Chapman), for which latter they were imprisoned,The Dutch Courtezan 1605, and Parasitaster 1606; finally published a tragedy on Sophonisba, 1606, What You will (comedy), 1607, and "The Insatiate Countess (tragedy), 1613, the last sometimes assigned to William Barksteed.

[292] John Westland Marston (1819–1890), dramatic poet; solicitor's clerk: joined mystical society of James Pierrepont Greaves; edited Psyche, a mystical periodical; wrote Gerald... and other Poems 1842, and several plays, including the Patrician's Daughter 1841, Strathmore (historical drama), 1849, Marie de Merauie 1850, & stirring tragedy his Hard Struggle 1858, much praised by Dickens, and the nxwt successful of all his pieces; Donna Diana 1863, his best play; from about 1863 contributed poetical criticism to the Athenaeum including celebrated review of Atalanta in Calydon; published Our Recent Actors .. 1888; contributed to the Dictionary of National Biography; chief upholder of poetical drama on English stage; praised for bis elegant diction and well-constructed P lot

[293] Philip Bourke Marston (1850–1887), poet ; son of John Westland Manrston; lost his sight at early age: wrote Song-Tide and other Poems 1871, All in All 1875, andWind Voices 1883; the subject of * ekgy by Mr. Swinburne. There were publishod postLumouidy, For a Song's Sake 1887 (a collection of short ),Garden Secrets Ib87, and A Lost Harvest 1891.

[294] Sir Henry Marten (1562?–1641), civilian; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1582; D.O.L., 1592; king's advocate, 1609: sent on mission to Palatinate, 1613: chancellor of London diocese, 1616; knighted, 1617; judge of admiralty court, 1617-41: member of high commission, 1620-41; dean of arches and judge of Canterbury prerogative court, 1624; was superseded as dean of arches in 1633 by Sir John Lambe; M.P., St Germans, 1625 and 1626, Oxford University, 1628, and St. Ives, Cornwall (Short parliament), 1640; supported attack on Buckingham; prominent in debates on Petition of Right, 1628; unsuccessfully appealed to king against writs impeding his administration of admiralty court, 1630; argued before privy council against new canons 1640.

[295] Henry Marten or Harry (1602–1680), regicide ; son of Sir Henry Marten; B.A. University College, Oxford, 1619; admitted to Gray's Inn, 1618: lived a dissipated life: refused to subscribe to loan for Scottish war, 1639; M.P. Berkshire, 1640; supported Stratford's attainder and supremacy of parliament: raised regiment of horse; served on committee of safety; specially excepted from pardon by Charles I, 1642; governor of Reading, which he soon evacuated: conducted himself with great violence; seized the king's private property, and was expelled the house and imprisoned for advocating destruction of royal family, 1643; governor of Aylesbury, 1644; commanded at siege of Dennington Castle, 1645-6; re-admitted to parliament, 1646; leader of extreme party; opposed Scottish influence and claims; proposed motion that no more addresses should be sent to Charles I, 1647; sided with army against parliament, and was supported by the levellers; said to have desired Cromwell's assassination; raised troop of horse on his own authority to prevent restoration of Charles 1, 1648; extremely active in bringing king to trial and in establishing republic: signed death-warrant, 1649; member of first, second, and fourth councils of state, and granted lands, 1649; influential speaker in parliament; became hostile to Cromwell and Bradshaw; gave offence by his immorality and lost support of army: disappeared from political life at expulsion of Long parliament; outlawed and imprisoned for debt, 1655-7; resumed seat in Long parliament, 1659; surrendered at Restoration and conducted his defence with great courage and ability; escaped death and was imprisoned for life; published speech and pamphlets, including The Independency of England... Maintained 1647.

[296] Maria Marten (d. 1827) ; murdered by her lover, William Corder

[297] Richard Martial or Marshall (d. 1563), dean of Christ Church, Oxford; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1540; D.D., 1552; Roman catholic and protestant alternately in reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth; witness against Cranmer; vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1552; dean of Christ Church, 1553-63.

[298] John Martiall or Marshall (1534–1597), Roman catholic divine: perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1551; B.C.L., 1556; usher of Winchester School, but being Roman catholic left England at Elizabeth's accession; one of the founders of English College, Douay; B.D. Douay, 1568; canon of St. Peter at Lille: published theological treatises.

[299] Martin (d. 1241). See Cadwgan.

[300] Lady Martin (1817–1898). See Helena Saville Faucit.

[301] '^ Martin of Alnwick (d. 1336), Franciscan ; member of minorite convent at Oxford; D.D.; took part at Avignon in controversy between conventual and spiritual Franciscans, 1311.

[302] Anthony Martin (d. 1597), miscellaneous writer; gentleman sewer, c. 1570, and cup-bearer to Queen Elizabeth; keeper of royal library at Westminster, 1588-97; published translations and other works.

[303] Bendal Martin or Martyn (1700–1761), son of Henry Martin or Martyn; M.A. KimrV Coll.r, Cimihri.lKV, 1725: fellow, 17M; entered of the Temple; treasurer of excise, 1738-61.

[304] Benjamin Martin (1704–1782), mathematician, instrument maker, and general compiler; schoolmaster and tnivi lliiiLlecturer: published Philosophical Grammar; 1735, Bibliotheca Technologica 1737; Invented and made optical and scientific instrument*; settled in Fleet Street, 1740; published An English Dictionary 1749, Martin's Magazine 1755-64, and some not very original works; became bankrupt and hastened his death by attempted suicide.

[305] David Martin 073?–1798), painter and engraver: studied under Allan Ramsay (1713-1784); Hi1 in line and nortrait essful engraver in mezzotint ar iter in Ramsay's style.

[306] Edward Martin (. 1662), dean of Ely ; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1612; M.A., 1617; chaplain to Laud, 1627; preached at St. Paul's Cross, London, against presbyterianism: received several livings; president of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1631; D.D. by royal mandate, 1631; sent college plate to Charles 1, 1642, and thereupon was imprisoned in the Tower and ejected; drew up famous mock petition,Submission to the Covenant*; escaped to Suffolk, 1648, but was again imprisoned; released, 1650; reinstated, 1660; a manager at Savoy conference; dean of Ely, 1662; published controversial works.

[307] Elias Martin (1740?–1811), painter and engraver : born in Sweden: exhibited at Academy landscapes, views of country seats, engravings, and other work; A.R.A., 1771; court painter to king of Sweden, 1780.

[308] Francis Martin (1652–1722), Angnstinian divine ; studied at Louvain; lector in theology at convent of St. Martin; professor of Greek at Collegium Buslidianum; supported ultramontane party; visited England, 1687 or 1688, and suggested to papal nuncio assassination of William of Orange, 1688; doctor of theology at Louvain, 168H; involved in various controversies; regius professor of holy scripture and canon of St. Peter's at Louvain, 1694; works includeScutum Fidei contra Haereses hodiernas 1714, in answer to Tillot?on.

[309] Frederick Martin (1830–1883), miscellaneous writer: secretary to Thomas Oarlyle after 1856; inaugurated the Statesman's Year-Book 1864; given pension by Lord Beaconsfield, 1879.

[310] Sir George Martin (1764–1847), admiral of the fleet: great-nephew of William Martin (1696?-1766) ; present under his uncle, Joshua Rowley, at actions off Ushant, 1778, and Martinique, 1780, and battle of Grenada, 1779; served in Jamaica and commanded ships in various stations; present in the Irresistible at battle of Cape St. Vincent, 1797; captured the Ninfa and was warmly commended by Lord St. Vincent, 1797; assisted in capture of the Generenz, 1800; took part in action off Cape Finisterre, 1805; rear-admiral, 1805; held important commands; knighted, 1814; G.O.B., 1821; G.C.M.G., 1836; admiral of the fleet, 1846.

[311] George William Martin (1828–1881), musical composer: chorister at St. Paul's Cathedral; first organist of Christ Church, Battersea: established National Choral Society, 1860; composed glees and hymns,

[312] Gregory Martin (d. 1582), biblical translator ; scholar of St. John's College, Oxford: M.A., 1565; tutor to sons of Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk; escaped to Douay, 1670; ordained priest, 1673; lectured on Hebrew and the scriptures; went to Rome to help organise the new English college there, 1577; returned to Douay and removed with the Douay college to Rheims, 1578: translated the bible (the Douay version) with some assistance from Richard Bristow and other theologians, the New Testament being published, 1582, and the Old Testament, 1610. Martin's translation was revised by Bishop Challoner, 1749-50. Martin also published religious works.

[313] Harriet Letitia Martin (1801–1891), writer of tales; daughter of Richard ( Humanity) Martin 9 or MARTYN. HBNBY (f. 1721), essayist; lawyer: wrote in8pecUtorandGuardian prated by Steele: largely caused by his writing rejection of commercial treaty with France, 1714; Inspector-general of Imports and export* of customs.

[314] Hugh Martin (1822–1885), minister of Seotttah free church; M.A. Aberdeen, 1839; minister at Panbrid*. 1844-58, at Free Oreyfriars, Edinburgh, 18ft8-f; math*. matlcal examiner at Edinburgh University, 1866-8; D.D. Edinburgh, 1872; his works mostly religious.

[315] James Martin (fl. 1677), philosophical writer: professor of philosophy at Paris; published De prim. Himplicium A concretorum corporum Uenerstione... disputatio 1577, and other treatises.

[316] Martin 8m James ( 1816–1886) chief- justice of New South Wales; taken by his parents to New South Wales, 1821: member of legislative council, 1848, and of first parliament under responsible government. 1866; attorneygeneral, 1856 and 1867; premier, 1863, 1866-8. and 1H70-2; knighted, 1869: chief-justice, 187t-8; published The Australian Sketch-book 1838.

[317] Sir James Ranald Martin (1791-1 874), surgeon; surgeon on Bengal medical establishment. 1817; served in first Burmese war; presidency surgeon, 1830, and surgeon to Calcutta Hospital; wrote with Dr. James JohnsonOn the Influence of Tropical Climates on European Constitutions 1841, and published memoirs and pamphlets; F.R.OJS., 1848; F.R.S., 1845; inspector-general of army hospitals; C.B., 1860; knighted, 1860.

[318] John Martin (1619–1693), divine; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1640; M.A.; obtained living of Compton Chamberlayne, Wiltshire, seat of the Penruddockes, 1644, but was ejected; arrested after Penruddocke's rising, 1654; given living of Melcombe Horsey, Dorset, at Restoration: prebendary of Salisbury, 1668 and 1677; nonjuror; published religious works.

[319] John Martin (1741–1820), baptist minister; called to various places, finally (1795) to Keppel Street, London; offended his congregation by his opinions, and was ejected from communion of particular baptists; published various works, including autobiography, 1797.

[320] John Martin (1789–1854), historical and landscape painter; apprenticed to coach-painter and subsequently to china-painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1812; exhibited Joshua 1816, which obtained prize from British Institution; sent other pictures to British Institution, including The Fall of Babylon 1819, and Belshazzar's Feast 1821, considered his finest work, which obtained premium of 200l.; exhibited The Fall of Nineveh at Brussels, 1833; elected member of Belgian Academy and given order of Leopold; died while engaged on a series of three large pictures of Apocalypse, 1863; his artistic work marked by wild imaginative power.

[321] John Martin (1791–1856), bibliographer; London bookseller: librarian at Woburn, 1836: wrote description of Bedfordshire churches in local papers; published Bibliographical Catalogue of Books privately printed 1834, History... of Woburn 1846, and other works; F.S.A. and F.L.

[322] John Martin (1789–1869) meteorologist; M.D.; London physician; made meteorological charts; publishedAn Account of the Natives of the Tonga Islands 1817; died at Lisbon.

[323] John Martin (1812–1875), Irish nationalist; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1834; travelled abroad; member of Repeal Association; subsequently joined secession of Young Ireland party: took prominent part in meetings i.f Irish confederation, and contributed to Mitcbel's United Irishman; on arrest of Mitchel, 1848, issued "The Irish Felonand was arrested: exhorted people from Newgate to retain arms In spite of proclamation, 1848: convicted of treason- felony and transported to Van Diemen's Land, 1849; allowed to return. 1866; prosecuted for violent speech at funeral at Dublin of Manchester Martyrs 1867; home rule M.P., co. Meath, 1871-6: secretary to Home Rule League; known in Ireland as Honest John Martin

[324] John Frederick Martin (1744–1808). engraver. brother of Ellas Martin.

[325] Jonathan Martin (1715-1737), organist to Chapel Royal, Londou, 1736, and once chorister; composed To thee, O gentle sleep in Tamerlane.

[326] Jonathan Martin (1782–1838), incendiary; brother of John Martin (1789-1864), the painter; apprentice to a tanner: pressed for the navy, 1804; subsequently farm labourer, Wesleyan, and disturber of church services; confined In asylum for threatening to shoot bishop of Oxford, 1817: escaped, and was excluded from methodist societies; wrote his biography, 1826: set fire to York Minster, 1829; tried and confined as a lunatic.

[327] Josiah Martin (1683–1747), quaker: classical scholar: published A Letter from one of the People called Quakers to Francis de Voltaire 1741, and other works.

[328] Leopold Charles Martin (1817–1889), miscellaneous writer: son of John Martin (1789-1854), toe painter: published with his brother Civil Costumes of England 1842, and other works; skilful artist and authority on costume and numismatics.

[329] Martin Martin (d. 1719), author ; visited western islands of Scotland: published Voyage to St. Kilda 1698, and A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland 1703.

[330] Mary Letitia Martin (1815–1850), novelist; 'Mrs. Bell Martin of Ballinahinch Castle, co. Galway; married Arthur Qonne Bell, 1847; became impoverished; published Julia Howard 1850, and other works; died at New York.

[331] Matthew Martin (1748–1838), naturalist and philanthropist: Exeter tradesman; member of Bath Philosophical Society: published works on natural history; investigated and wrote report on London mendicity, 1803.

[332] Peter John nMartin (1786-1860), geologist; received medical education at London hospitals and Edinburgh: M.R.C.S.; joined his father in practice at Pulborough; wrote Geological Memoir on a part of Western Sussex 1828, and contributed geological, archaeological, and gardening articles to various publications.

[333] Sir Richard Martin (1534–1617), master of the mint and lord mayor of London: goldsmith to Queen Elizabeth: warden, 1560-95, and (1581-1617) master of the mint; as master of the mint, issued report, 1601; lord mayor, 1581, 1689, and 1594; removed from aldermanship for debt, 1602; knighted by Queen Elizabeth; president of Christ's Hospital, London, 1593-1602.

[334] Richard Martin (1670–1618), recorder of London: commoner of Broadgates Hall, Oxford; expelled from Middle Temple for riot, 1591; M.P., Barnstaple, 1601; barrister, 1602; recorder of London, 1618; celebrated as a wit.

[335] Richard Martin (1764–1834), ' Humanity Martin *; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; Irish MJ*. for Jamestown, 1776-83, Lanesborough, 1798-1800, Galway (first united parliament), 1801-26; owned extensive estates at Connemara; supported union; friend of George IV; supported catholic emancipation; succeeded in carryingfirst modern legislation for protecting animals 1822; a founder of Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1824; worked to abolish death penalty for forgery, and to secure counsel for prisoners charged with capital crimes; declined peerage; elected to parliament, 1826, but his name erased, 1827; withdrew to Boulogne, where he died.

[336] Robert Montgomery Martin (1803?–1868), historical writer and statistician; travelled as botanist d k " ra, U8t hl f eyl, Africa Au8tralia Ind"a JL? A 1WVal "t** 1 " * 8eonoff coasts of Africa, Madagascar, and South-Eastern Islands 1823j member of court of East India Company! *- 15 on mission to Jamaica

[337] Samuel Martin (1817-1878), congregational minister; of bad neighbourhood; took active part in management of Westminster Hospital,.Loudon; chairman of Congregational Union, 1862; published sermons and other works.

[338] Sir Samuel Martin (1801–1883), baron of the exchequer; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1832; hon. LL.D., 1857; barrister, Middle Temple, I860; Q.C., 1843: liberal M.P. for Pontefract, 1847; baron of exchequer, 1850-74; knighted, 1850.

[339] Sarah Martin (1791–1843), prison visitor ; dressmaker and Sunday school teacher; visited the notorious Yarmouth gaol and workhouse; preached and gave instruction, 1819-41: exerted great influence over the criminals; wrote poems and journals.

[340] Thomas Martin (1697–1771), antiquary; ' Honest Tom Martin of Palgrave; clerk to his brother Robert, attorney; settled at Palgrave, Suffolk, 1723: F.S.A. 1720; his collections afterwards published by Richard Gough as The History of Thetford 1779.

[341] Thomas Barnewall Martin (f. 1847), M.P., co. Galway, 1832-47; sou of Richard Humanity) Martin

[342] Sir Thomas Byam Martin (1773–1854), admiral of the fleet;captain's servantin the Pegasus, 1786; captured the Tamise, 1796, and while commanding various ships off Irish and French coasts, and in West Indies, the Immortalite, 1798, and large number of privateers and other ships; had large share in capture of Russian ship Sewolod, 1808; received Swedish order of the Sword; rear-admiral, 1811; took part in defence of Riga, 1812; comptroller of the navy, 1816-31; M.P., Plymouth, 18181831; G.C.B., 1830; admiral of the fleet, 1849.

[343] William Martin (1696?–1756), admiral; entered navy, 1708; served on various ships and stations; commanded squadron which enforced neutrality of Naples, 1742, and protected Italy against Spaniards: vice-admiral, 1744; commanded fleet at Lisbon and in North Sea; retired, 1747; linguist and classical scholar,

[344] William Martin (1767–1810), naturalist : actor and, later, dra wing- master; F.L.S., 1796; published 'Figures and Descriptions of Petrifications collected in Derbyshire 1793, and other works.

[345] William Martin (fl. 1766–1821), painter; assistant to Cipriani; exhibited Shakespearean and classical subjects and portraits at the Royal Academy.

[346] William Martin (1772–1851), natural philosopher and poet; brother of John Martin (1789-1854) and of Jonathan Martin (1782-1838); ropemaker; announced discovery of perpetual motion and collapse of Newtonian system; gained medal from Society of Arts for spring weighing machine, 1814, and exhibited other inventions; affected great singularity of dress and founded Martinean Society 1814, in opposition to Royal Society; works include W. M.'s Challenge to the whole Terrestrial Globe 1829.

[347] William Martin (1801–1867), writer for the young; woollen-draper's assistant at Woodbridge and subsequently schoolmaster at U x bridge: returned to Woodbridge, 1836, and gained livelihood by writing and lecturing; author of Peter Parley's Annual 1840-67, various books of simple instruction, and household tracts.

[348] Sir William Martin (1807–1880), scholar and first chief-justice of New Zealand; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1831; M.A., 1832; gained classical and mathematical distinctions; barrister, 1836; chiefjustice of New Zealand, 1841; supported rights of natives and protested against Lord Grey's instructions, 1847; D.C.L. Oxford, 1861; knighted, 1861.

[349] William Charles Linnaeus Martin (1798–1864), writer on natural history; son of William Martin (1767-1810); superintendent of museum of Zoological Society, 1830-8; wrote several volumes in Farmer's Library

[350] Sir William Fanshawe Martin , fourth baronet (1801-1895), admiral; son of Sir Thomas Byarn Martin; entered navy, 1813; lieutenant, 1820: commander, 1823; served with distinction at Callao at time of civil war: post captain, 1824; in Mediterranean, 1826-31; commodore in command of Lisbon squadron, 1849-52; rear-admiral, 1853: su;.. pint,.,a,-nt of Portsmouth dcx-kyanl. 1853 - nil, 1858; lonl of fulmiralty, 1859; commanded with gn-at rk'nur on tcrranean station, 1860-3: admiral. 1863; succeeded to baronetcy on a cousin's death, 1863: comnwiider-in-ohirf -it Portsmouth, 1866-9: G.C.B., 187U: rear-admiral of United Kingdom, 1878.

[351] Adam Martindale (1683–1686), presbyterlan divine; tutor and schoolmaster: later deputy quartermaster; tookcovenant 1643; became preacher at Manchester and vicar of Rostbeme, Cheshire, 1648; sympathised with rising of George Booth (1622-1684); deprived, 1662: preached and taught mathematics; ch.-iplain to Lord Delamer (Sir George Booth ) lit Dunham, 1671; took out licence, 1672: imprisoned on groundless suspicion?, 168ft; works include controversial publications and an autobiography.

[352] Miles Martindale (1756–1824), Wesleyan minister; preacher in Cheshire; governor of Woodhouse Grove school, 1816; published sermons, poems, and other works.

[353] Sir Gabriel Martindell or Martindall (1766?-1831), major-general in Bast India Company's service; ensign in Bengal native infantry, 1776; distinguished himself in Mahratta war, 1804-6: held commands in India: major-general, 1813; K.C.B., 1815; commander of field army, 1820.

[354] George Martine, the elder (1635–1712), historian of St. Andrews: commissary clerk, but deprived for refusing to take oath, 1690; secretary to Archbishop Sharp; his Reiquiae divi Andreae published, 1727.

[355] George Martine, the younger (1702–1741), physician; son of George Martine the elder: M.D. Leyden, 1725; accompanied CathcartV American expedition, 1740, and various expeditions against Carthagena; published scientific works.

[356] Harriet Martineau (1802–1876), miscellaneous writer; daughter of Norwich manufacturer and sister of James Martineau; of Huguenot origin: unitarian: suffered from feeble health and deafness: attracted by philosophical books: contributed article on Female Writers on Practical Divinity to the Monthly Repository 1821, followed by other papers, and published short tales; went through long illness and was left penniless, 1829; published successful works, Illustrations of Political Economy 1832 -4, Poor Law and Paupers Illustrated 1833. and Illustrations of Taxation 1834; came to London; became acquainted with literary celebrities, and was consulted by cabinet ministers: visited America, 1834-6, and wroteSociety in America 1837, and a 'Retrospect of Western Travel 1838; publishedDeerbrook a novel, 1839; visited Venice and returned seriously ill; published The Playfellow * series and other books: tried mesmerism and recovered, 1844; friend of Wordsworth; travelled in Egypt and Palestine, and published Eastern Life 1848, and History of England during the Thirty Years Peace 1849: published Atkinson'sLetters on the Laws of Man's Social Nature and Development 1851, containing anti-theological views; brought out condensed translation of Comte's Philosophic Positive 1853; contributed to the Daily News and Edinburgh Review and wrote, among other works, an autobiography, which was published posthumously.

[357] James Martineau (1805–1900), Unitarian divine ; educated at Norwich grammar school under Edward Valpy, and at Bristol under Lant Carpenter; apprenticed as civil engineer, 1821; studied divinity at Manchester College, York, 1822-7; assistant in Lant Carpenter's school at Bristol, 1827: assistant pastor of Eustace St reet congregation, Dublin, 1828: ordained, 1828; chief promoter and first secretary ofIrish Unitarian Christian Society 1830; colleague with John Grundy (1782-1843) at Paradise Street Chapel, Liverpool, 1832, and sole pastor, 1835, continuing in that office despite other appointments elsewhere till 1857 (the chapel removed to Hope Street, 1849); published Rationale of Religious Enquiry 1836; professor of mental and moral philosophy and political economy from 1840 to 1857 at Manchester New College (removed from Manchester, 1853, to University Hall, Gordon Square, London): joint editor with John James Tayler q. v.l and Charles Vi,-k.t,l of Prospective Review? 1846-64, and contril.utoi (1855-64) much toNational Review which i:. H. Huttou and Walter Bagehot 1 professor of mental, moral, and religious n " Manchester New College, 1867-69: ___ in charge of Little Portland Street Chapel and sole pastor, 1860-71; principal of Manchester New College, 1869-85; D.D. Edinburgh, 1884; DXJ.l. 1888: Lltt.D. Dublin, 1892. HI. publications Include 'Ideal Substitutes for God 1879.Study of . -Tvi.-nf Kt:...-.,: rbMfjJ i--:,. --:..:i.,,f 1888:Seat of Authority In Religion 1890, and two volumes of hymns.

[358] Robert Braithwaite Martineau (1816–1869), painter: educated at University College, London; first exhibited at Royal Academy. 1852.

[359] Russell Martineau (1811–1898), orientalist: son of Jamen Martineau; educated at Heidelberg and University College, London: M.A. London, 1864; joined staff of British Museum Library. 1857, and was asBlstankeeper, 1884-98; lecturer on Hebrew language and literature at Manchester New College, London, 18671H66, and professor, 1866-74; published philosophical and other writings.

[360] Benjamin Martyn (1699–1763), miscellaneous writer; nephew of Henry Martin; examiner at the custom bouse, secretary to Society for Colony of Georgia, and (1733) published account; original member of Society for Encouragement of Learning, 1736:: j mental in erecting Shakespeare's monument in West ; minster Abbey; composed life of first Earl of Sbaftes bury, unsatisfactory and suppressed: produced Timoleon (tragedy) at Drury Lane, 1730.

[361] Elizabeth Martyn (1813–1846). See Inverarity.

[362] Francis Martyn (1782–1838), Roman catholic divine: published Homilies on the Book of Tobias 1817, and other works.

[363] Henry Martyn (1781–1812), missionary; senior wrangler and Smith's prizeman, St. John's College, Cam bridge; fellow, 1802; M.A., 1804; curate to Simeon at Holy Trinity, Cambridge, 1803: chaplain on Bengal esta blishment, 1805; opened church atCawnpore for natives; 1 translated New Testament and Prayer Book into Hindus i taiii. New Testament and Psalms into Persian, and Gospels i Into Judteo- Persic; visited Persia, and died at Tokat from I fever; left Journals and Letters edited, 1837.

[364] John Martyn (1699–1768), botanist; translated Tournefort's works, The Compleat Herbal* and History of Plants growing about Paris; made excursions in country and collected botanical specimens: became secretary to botanical society meeting at Rainbow Coffeehouse; F.R.S., 1724; contributed to Bailey's Dictionary 1725, and lectured in London and at Cambridge, and practised as apothecary; published Historia Plantarum rariorum 1728-37, and, with Dr. Alexander Rnseel, l "The Grub Street Journal(styling himselfBavius, 1730-7; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1730: Cambridge professor of botany, 1732-68: corresponded with Sloane, Linnaeus, and others; collected material for an English dictionary; contributed to Philosophical Transactions; published editions of Virgil's Georgicks 1741. and Bucolicks 1749, and other works.

[365] Richard Martyn or Martin (d. 1483), bishop of St. David's; LL.D. Cambridge; archdeacon of London, 1469, and member of king's council before 1471: prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1471, and Hereford, 1472; chancellor of the marches, 1471; served on commissions; master in chancery, 1472-7; perhaps bishop of Waterford and Lismore, 1472; archdeacon of Hereford and king's chaplain, 1476; chancellor of Ireland and ambassador to Castile, 1477; bishop of St, David's, 1482-4.

[366] Thomas Martyn or Martin (d. 1597?), civilian and controversialist; fellow of New College. Oxford, 1538-53; member of College of Advocates, 1556; chancellor to Gardiner, bishop of Winchester and master in chancery; wrote treatise against marriage of priests, in 1553; took active part against Cranmer, Hooper, and others; went to Calais, 1556; master of requests, 1556; sent on mission to King Philip at Ghent, 1558; member of council of the north, 1557; commissioner to settle matters between England and Scotland, 1557; miscellaneous writer.

[367] Thomas Martyn (fl. 1760–1816), natural history draughtsman and pamphleteer: established academy In Great Marlborough Street, London, where his books on natural history were prepared; published also political ,, v,.,-.,.;,

[368] Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), botanist; son of John Martyn; studied at Emmanuel College, Camscholarships; fellow of Sidney Sussex incumbent of Lndgershall, Buckinghamshire, 1774, and Little Marlow, 1776; travelled abroad with a ward, 17781190: purchased Charlotte Street Chapel, Pimlico; pubUsbed translation and continuation of Rousseau's Letters on the Elements of Botany 1785; edited Miller's 'Gardener's Dictionary on Linnaean system, 1807, and other works; rector of Pertenhall, 1804; F.R.S., 1786; F.L.S., 1786.

[369] William Martyn (1562–1617), lawyer and historian; barrister, Middle Temple, 1589; M.P., Exeter, 1597-8; recorder of Exeter, 1605-17; published The Historic and Lives of the Kings of England 1615 and 1638, and Youth's Instruction 1612.

[370] Andrew Marvell, the elder (1586?–1641), divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1608; minister of Flamborough, 1610; incumbent of Winestead, 1814-24; master of grammar school, Hull, 1624; master of the Charterhouse and lecturer at Holy Trinity Church, e. 1624: drowned in the Humber; described by Fuller as excellent preacher.

[371] Andrew Marvell , the younger (1621–1678), poet and satirist; son of Andrew Marvell the elder; educated under his father at Hull grammar school; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1638; contributed verses to Musa Oantabrigiensis 1637; travelled abroad; wrote poems, including satire on death of Thomas May; tutor to Mary, daughter of Lord Fairfax, e. 1650; wrote poems in praise of gardens and country life, and became ardent republican; recommended unsuccessfully to council of state by Milton to be his assistant in the secretaryship for foreign tongues, 1653; resided at Eton, In house of John Oxenhridge, as tutor of William Dutton, Cromwell's ward, 1653; became Milton's colleague in Latin secretaryship, 1657; wrote several poems in the Protector's honour, including Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland 1650, his greatest achievement (first printed, 1776) and elegy upon his death; thrice elected M.P., Hull, 1660 and 1661; guarded vigilantly interests of his constituents and corresponded with corporation; went to Holland, 1663; accompanied Earl of Carlisle, ambassador to northern powers, as secretary, 1663-5, publishing an account of the mission, 1669; vigorously defended Milton; opposed Bill for Securing the Protestant Religion, 1677; became disgusted at management of public affairs, and wrote, for private circulation, bitter satires, first attacking ministers, but afterwards Charles II himself, and advocating republic; wrote the Rehearsal Transprosed 1672 and 1678, against Samuel Parker, afterwards bishop of Oxford, a leading champion of intolerance; took part al.o in controversy about predestination, 1 678; wrote, anonymously, Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England 1677, which produced great sensation; according to his biographer, Cooke, refused court favours; intimate with James Harrington and Milton; wrote prefatory lines extolling themighty poetto second edition ofParadise Lost and rebuked Dryden for attempting to convert it into a rhyming opera; as pamphleteer was admired by Swift; his work as poet belongs to pre- Restoration period.

[372] Charles Thomas Marvin (1 854–4890),' writer on Russia; resided in Russia, 1870-6; while writer at foreign office disclosed secret treaty with Russia to the 'Globe 1878, and published an account of the secret treaty of 1878; sent to Russia by Joseph Cowen, 1882; wrote several books on Russia, including The Russians at the Gates of Herat 1886.

[373] William Marwood (1820–1883), public executiouer; introduced the long drop

[374] Mary I (1516–1558), queen of England and Ireland ; third but only "nrviving child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Arragon; tentatively betrothed to son of Francis I, and subsequently to the Emperor Charles V; made princess or governor of Wales at Ludlow Castle, 1 525; studied Greek, Latin, French, Italian, science, and music, and read Erasmus's Paraphrases and More's Utopia; attended by Countess of Salisbury, mother of Reginald Pole; was separated from her mother on Queen Catherine's divorce, 1532, but boldly avowed sympathy with her; was declared illegitimate, 1533, but refused to give up title of princess; sent to Hatfleld to reside there with her half-sister Princess Elizabeth, under care of Lady Shelton, aunt of Anne Boleyn; ill-treated, denounced by Henry, and her life threatened; received much public sympathy and had a protector in the Emperor Charles V; after Queen Anne Boleyn's execution was reconciled vith Henry VIII on acknowledging her illegitimacy and the king's ecclesiastical supremacy; chief mourner at funeral of Queen Jane Seymour, 1537; proposed in marriage to Duke Philip of Bavaria, 1539; declared capable of inheriting crown after Henry's legitimate children, 1544; translated Erasmus's Latin paraphrase of St. John; on friendly terms with her half-brother Edward and her half-sister Elizabeth after her father's death and Edward's succession to the throne, 1547; received proposal of marriage from Lord Seymour; refused to give up mass on passing of Act of Uniformity, 1549; was supported by Charles V, who prepared for her escape to the continent; on Edward VI's death and proclamation as queen of Lady Jane Grey, took refuge at Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, 1553; on country declaring for her accession to the throne, journeyed to London, and was proclaimed queen 18 July; released Duke of Norfolk, Stephen Gardiner, and other prisoners in the Tower of Londou; first queen regnant of England; announced her intention abroad to re-introduce Homan Catholicism, but promised in England that religion should be settled by common consent; restored Gardiner and Bonner to their sees and made Gardiner chancellor and chief adviser, 1553; executed the Duke of Northumberland, but for the time spared Lady Jane Grey; crowned with great splendour, 1 Oct. 1553; in first parliament abolished new treasons and felonies and Edward VI's religious laws; had her legitimacy declared; announced (contrary to Gardiner's and to the French ambassador's wishe-) intention of marrying her cousin Philip of Spain, a suitor agreeable to her on account of his fanatical Roman Catholicism; evoked by her steadfast pursuit of this project three insurrections, 1554; showed courage in rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who marched into London but was defeated in the city; executed Wyatt, Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey and her husband, and many others, and imprisoned Princess Elizabeth; began campaign against protestantism and expelled married clergy; married Philip of Spain at Winchester, 25 July, 1564, and pardoned Elizabeth; with Philip opened parliament which reversed Cardinal Pole's attainder and passed acts restoring papal power; imagined herself to be pregnant; gave consent to re-enactment of statute against lollardy and set on foot great persecution, ninety-six protestants suffering death, including Bishop Hooper, during 1555, and three hundred before end of the reign; restored some of the property taken by the crown from the church and re-established many monasteries; had disputes with her husband, who left the country (Aug. 1555): suffered from continued ill-health and grief caused by Philip's absence; received Philip at Greenwich, 1567; agreed to join in his schemes of war with France; said farewell to Philip, July 1557; successfully resisted appointment by the pope of new legate in place of Pole, 1557; demanded forced loans to support war against France and Scotland; lost Calais, Jan. 1658; took measures during her last days to secure accession of Elizabeth; buried in Westminster Abbey. Religious devotion to the catholic faith was the central feature of Mary's life, inducing her to marry Philip, one of the great errors of her reign, and to persecute her protestant subjects. Owing mainly to her persecution of the protestants, her personal character has been assailed with fanatical animosity,

[375] Mary U (1662–1694), queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland; eldest child of James II and Anne Hyde, lived with her grandfather, Clarendon, at Twickenham.;md later at Richmond P.ihice; brought tip a protrstan: n-i-ived r.MOM irm nmpmn, bishop of London; rrwrru-d William of Orange, tin- marriage being part of Danby's policy for pacifying parliament; left with her husband for Holland, 1677; at first n! tM by William; received visit* from the Duke and DH.II.S of York and from Monmouth, 1679; received the latter again, 1685; obtained great popularity itch by her noble and amiable character; estranged from English court on expedition of Monniouth; promised William that he should always bear rule. 1686; obliged to dismiss Burnet, 1687; joined with William in protesting against Declaration of Indulgence; received proselytising letters from her father, James II, 1687-8; identified herself completely with William In subsequent events; believed birth of Prince of Wales a fraud. 1688; repudiated idea of reigning as sole sovereign i-tod by Danby); arrived in England, 1689; accepted crown with William and assented to Declaration of Righto; interfered little in public affairs, bat was very popular; settled at Hampton Oourt and Kensington Palace; endeavoured to improve social morals, and in accordance with her puritan opinions abolished singing of prayers at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall; became estranged from her sinter, Princess Anne; governed England during William's absence, and in a time of great crisis, 1690-1; exercised wise patronage in church matters, and endeavoured to obtain lenient treatment for nonjuring bishops; alarmed by conspiracy of Anne and the Marlboroughf, 1692; administered government, 1692; disturbed by fears of a French invasion, conspiracies against her life and that of William, and William's defeats in Holland; addressed letter of confidence to the navy; issued orders to magistrates for enforcing law against vice; resumed regency, 1698 and 1694; requested and obtained loan from city of London of 300,0007.: died of small-pox, to the great grief of William and England and Holland, her scheme of Greenwich Hospital being carried out by William in memory of her; buried in Henry VII's chapel, Westminster Abbey. Obliged by fate to choose between father and husband, she chose the latter, making devotion to William Ill's interest* almost a religious duty, but retaining kindly feelings for James II till his connivance in Grand vaal's attempt on William's life, 1692. She endowed William and Mary Missionary College, Virginia, and supported S.P.C.K.

[376] Mary of Modena (1658–1718), queen of James II of England; only daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena; brought up religiously and strictly; intended becoming a nun; married James, duke of York, through influence of Louis XIV, who aimed at England's conversion and subservience to French policy, 1673; received with great honours on tor way to England at Versailles and elsewhere; found favour at court and was attached to her husband's daughters, Mary and Anne, but shared unpopularity of James with the public; gave birth to five children, 16751682, who all died young; visited Mary in Holland, 1678; her secretary, Edward Coleman (d. 1678), fatally Involved in thePopish plot though she herself was innocent; accompanied James, on his withdrawal from England, to the Netherlands, 1679, and to Scotland; returned with him to England, 1680, and again to Scotland; finally came to London with him, 1682; on accession of James II to the throne became identified with aggressive Roman catholic faction; became ill and distressed by the king's infidelities, 1685; announced her pregnancy, 1687; gave birth to Prince of Wales, 1688, an event beyond question, but then commonly disbelieved, suspicion being greatly increased by absence of the proper witnesses; fled to France, followed soon afterwards by James; in contrast with James made very favourable impression on French court; supported schemes for Invasion of England and for exciting religious war; corresponded with Jacobites; resided at St. Germains Palace, retiring frequently to nunnery at Chaillot; gave birth to Princess Louisa, 1692; received with James pension of fifty thousand crowns a month from Louis, and after bis death, 1701, annuity of a hundred thousand francs: buried at Chaillot; was praised by St. Simon and Madame de Sevigne, but was always unpopular in England.

[377] Mary Queen of Scots (1542–1587), third child and only daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise; queen in infancy on her father's death, 164*: sent to France, 1548, the agreement for her marriage with the dauphin of France (Pn: y the estate*: educated with royal children of Prance: brought up strict Roman catholic, and taught various accomplishments, but not English: famou* for her beauty and grace; the great hope of Catholicism; married Francis, 1558, and made secret treaty delivering Scotland to France in case of her death without heir: laid claim to English throne on dengreat-granddaughter of Henry 1 Mtb of Mary I, 15*8, as VII; styled berseU qoasn her husband Praneto IPs of England; was prostrated by 1 death, 1560; entertained various proposals of marriage which were brought forward by the Guises, bat obstructed by Catherine de Medici: determined to return to Scotland; arrived, 1561, accompanied by Brantome, Chastelard, and others; heard mass in her chapel; bad stormy with Knox, who had denounced the idolatry; informed the pope of her determination to restore Catholicism; carried on negotiation* with Elizabeth for a reconciliation, 1: entered into sports of the nobles and life of the people, and disarmed hostility: conferred on the protestant Lord James Stewart, afterwards earl of Moray (1531 7-1670), the title of Earl of Mar, and sanctioned expedition against George Gordon, fourth earl of Hnntly, 1562: sent Maltland to England to claim right of succession to Elizabeth, 1563; showed imprudent partiality for Chastelard, who was executed, after being found concealed in her bedroom, 1563; ber project of marriage with Don Carlos of Spain thwarted by the French; pretended to be guided in choice of a husband by Elizabeth, who proposed the Earl of Leicester, 1563; married in 1565 Henry Stewart, earl of Darnley, thus strengthening her claims as heir-presumptive and defying Elizabeth; marched with a force to Glasgow to capture Moray and rebellious lords, on which Moray took refuge in England; determined to make herself absolute and to impose Roman catholic-ism on the country; quarrelled with Darnley, who was supported ly the nobles; her favourite, Rizzio, murdered, 156G; determined on revenge, but for the time was reconciled to ber husband; fled to Dunbar with Darnley and entered Edinburgh with a powerful force; gave birth to a prince (afterwards James I of England), 1566; became finally estranged from Darnley and showed more marked favour to James Hepburn, fourth earl of Bothwell; visited Darnley at Glasgow, 1567; persuaded him to accompany her to Edinburgh, and was met by Bothwell, who conveyed them to a house in Kirk-oField, which was blown up in her temporary absence, Darnley being killed; was probably actuated, in conniving at the murder, by motives of revenge and love for Bothwell; co-operated with Bothwell and others in making trial of murderers a fiasco, and left for Seton with Bothwell and others implicated; was carried off to Dunbar, probably at her own instigation: refused offer of a rescue; married to Bothwell at Edinburgh with protestant rites, 1567; consented to prohibition of cathedral services throughout Scotland, 1567; joined Bothwell, who had escaped from Borth wick Castle, and rode with him to Dunbar; delivered herself to the lords at Carberry Hill, and was imprisoned at Locbleven, 1567; was allowed to choose between a divorce, a trial at which the Casket letters were to be adduced as evidence, and abdication: chose the last and nominated Moray regent; escaped from Lochleven (1568) with George Douglas to Hamilton Palace, where she was joined by nobles and six thousand men; watched the battle of Langside, and seeing all was lost escaped to England, 1568; guarded closely at Carl'sle and denied interview by Elizabeth till she had cleared herself of Darnley's murder; refused to allow Elizabeth's jurisdiction when conferences meeting at York and Westminster finally reached a formal verdict that nothing bad been proved against either party: was nevertheless kept for life a prisoner by Elizabeth; removed to care of Earl of Shrewsbury, 1569, to Tutbury, and to Wingfleld; accepted proposal of marriage with Norfolk, and joined plot formed for her escape and for a catholic rising, 1569: on advance of Northumberland and Westmorland to Tutbury was Sheffield; her death contemplated by Elizabeth after R idol ft plot, 1572, and the massacre of t. Bartholomew; made plans for escape, but achieved nothing by treating with both parties; proposed to pope and Philip conquest of England, and superintended details of projected in ration under toe Duke of Ouiae; was accused unjustly by Countess of Shrewsbury of criminal intrigues with Shrewsbury, and removed onoe more to Wingfii-ld: was ignored by her son James VI in negotiations between England and Scotland, 1684, on which she bequeathed her crown to Philip II of Spain: was removed to Tutbury and then to Ohartley, 1686: involved lT,i-lf. through facilities afforded her by Walsingbatn, in the Babington conspiracy; was removed to Fotheringay; put on her trial there, 1586, condemned to death, and was at length executed, 1687, Elizabeth maintaining that she bad never intended the execution to take place. A woman of much cultivation, she wrote verse of no great merit. Adieu plaisant pays de France sometimes ascribed to her, was* really written by Meusuier de Querlon.

[378] Mary of Gueldres (d. 1463), queen of James II of Scotland: daughter of Arnold, duke of Queldres; brought np by Philip the Good of Burgundy; married James II, 1449: on death of James at Roxburgh, 1460, set out for the camp with the infant king and took the castle; regent of Scotland during James Ill's minority; received Margaret and Henry VI after defeat at Towton, 1461.

[379] Mary of Guise (1515–1560), queen of James V of Scotland, and mother of Mary Queen of Scots ; daughter of Claude, count of Guise; married Louis of Orleans, 1534, and gave birth to a son, Francis, 1635: sought in marriage by Henry VIII on death of her husband, 1537; married James V of Scotland at Paris, 1538, and brought him as dower 150,000 livres; after giving birth to two princes, who died, became mother of a daughter, Mary, 1542; almost at the same time received news of disaster of Solway Moor and death of James; failed in preventing nomination to regency of James Hamilton, second earl of Arran and duke of Chatelherault, who as next heir after the infant princess was regent according to constitutional precedent, but being a protestant and supporter of English interests came under her displeasure; carried off by David Beaton , her chief adviser, with her daughter to Stirling, 1543: accused of too great familiarity with Beaton; accepted French offers of help against England, on which war was declared; desired to marry her daughter in France, but was opposed by Arran and Beaton; secured support of the Douglases, 1544, and was left leading figure in Scotland by murder of Beaton, 1546; resisted Somerset's attempts to force Mary's marriage with Edward VI; showed great courage in subsequent disasters; obtained consent of nobles and parliament to Mary's marriage with the dauphin, 1548; sent the princess to France; made peace, 1650; went to France and was received with great honour: on her way back to Scotland visited Edward VI, 1551; became regent of Scotland, 1554; bent on bringing Scotland into line with policy of her family, the Guises; but in order to promote French marriage was obliged to temporise with protestant party; provoked war with England, 1657, but failed to raise force for invasion; succeeded in bringing about marriage of Mary and dauphin, 1688, and subsequently (1559) treated reformers with severity, with the result that civil war broke out; received help from France, while the protestante were encouraged by Cecil, by English money, and the aid of Arran; fortified Leith with French help on approach of English force to besiege Leith, took refuge in Edinburgh Castle and died there.

[380] Mary of France (1496–1533) queen of Louis XII, king of France: daughter of Henry VII by Elizabeth of York; betrothed to Charles, prince of Castile (afterwards Emperor Charles V), 1508, but contract subsequently broken off, 1814; married by Henry VIII to Louis XII at Abbeville, 1614: on his death (1515) married in France Charles Brandon, first duke of Suffolk, to the annoyance of Henry VIII, who was, however, pacified by large gift* of money; gave birth to a son, 1516, and to two daughters, one, Frances, being mother of Lady Jane Grey; present at Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520; disliked Anne Boleyn, and refused to go with her and Henry to meeting with Francis 1, 1632.

[381] Mary, Princess Royal of England and Princess of Orange( 1631-1660), eldest daughter of Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria; celebrated for her beauty and intelligence: married William, son of Frederick Henry, prince of Orange, 1641; went to Holland, 1642, and welcomed Charles and James, 1648: gave birth to son, afterwards William III of England, after death of her husband, 1650: made guardian of young prince, 1651; disliked by the Dutch, whose sympathies were with Cromwell; received Charles II secretly, 1651, and helped her brothers and tlu'ir adherents liberally; finally forbidden by the Dutch States to receive them on outbreak of war between England and Holland, 1652; her son William formally elected stadtholder by Zealand and several northern provinces, but excluded from his father's military dignities; visited Charles II at Cologne and Paris, 1656; courted by Buckingham and others; became sole regent, 1658, opposed by Dona, governor of town of Orange; invoked help of Louis XIV of France, who took Orange, 1660; took part in festivities at the Hague on Charles's restoration; visited England and died there of small-pox.

[382] Mary (1723–1772), princess of Hesse; daughter of George II and Queen Caroline; married Frederic, hereditary prince, afterwards landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, 1740; separated from him on his turning Roman catholic, 1754, and resided with her children at Hanau.

[383] Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1776–1857), fourth daughter of George III ; mentioned by Miss Burney; married William Frederick, second duke of Gloucester, 1816.

[384] of Buttermere Mary (fl. 1802). See Mary Robinson.

[385] Viscounts Maryborough . See MOLYNEUX, SIR Richard first VISCOUNT, 1593–1636; MOLYNEUX, Sir Richard second VISCOUNT, 161 7 7-1654?; MOLYNEUX, Garyll third VISCOUNT, 1621–1699.

[386] Maryborough first BARONET. See William Wellesley-Pole, 1763–1845.

[387] Stephen De Marzai (d. 1193). see Stephen.

[388] Edward James Mascall (d. 1832), collector of customs for port of London, 1816; published works on the customs.

[389] Leonard Mascall (d. 1589), author and translator; clerk of the kitchen to Archbishop Parker; possibly author of A Booke of the Arte... howe to plant and graffe all sortes of trees 1572, and works on poultry, cattle, fishing, and remedies; drew up Registrum parochise de Farnham 1573.

[390] Robert Mascall (d. 1416), bishop of Hereford ; distinguished himself at Oxford in philosophy and theology; confessor to Henry IV, c. 1400; bishop of Hereford, 1404; took part in condemnation of Oobham, 1413; delegate to council of Constance, 1415;De Legationibus suis lib. i and sermons attributed to him.

[391] Paul Mascarene (1684–1760), lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia; of Huguenot family; educated at Geneva; nationalised in England, 1706, commanded grenadiers at storming of Port Royal; brevet major; lieutenant-governor of Annapolis, 1740, and of province, 1744; defended fort against Indians and French, 1744, in spite of state of garrison and neglect by authorities; sent on mission to New England by Oornwallis, 1751; major-general, 1768; his services inadequately recompensed,

[392] Michael Maschiart (1644–1698), Latin poet; perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1662; D.O.L., 1573; vicar of Writtle, Essex, 1572-98; reputed author of Poemata Varia

[393] Francis Maseres (1731–1824), mathematician, historian, and reformer; of Huguenot family; B.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1762; first Newcastle medallist, 1752; M.A.,1755; fellow, 1756-9; barrister, Inner Temple, 1750, and later, bencher and treasurer; attorney-general of Quebec, 1766-9; cursitor baron of exchequer, 1773-1824; senior judge of London sheriffscourt, 1780; zealous protestant and whig; Unitarian; inherited great wealth, which he generously employed; F.R.S., 1771; published several mathematical works, and rejected negative quantities; wrote several books on Quebec, and on social and political questions, including translations from French writers; edited reprints of historical works, and supplk-d funds for other publications.

[394] Abigail Masham, Lady Masham (d. 1734), daughter of Francis Hill, first cousin of Sarah, dnrlirs* of Marlborough, and related to { Harley; entered service of Lady Rivers, and subsequently j lived with the Duchess of Marlborongh; made bedchamber woman to Queen Anne by the latter influence; sympathised with Anne's opinions on church and state matter*, and trnuiually supplanted the duchess in Anne's favour: married privately Samuel Masham (167 groom of the bedchamber to Prince Qeorge of Denmark , 1707; ki-pt Mutt-n's favour in spite of the duchess's iinliu'iiatinii: in.. i..mi llarlry's communications with Ann. after his fall, 1708; given care of privy pone on dismissal of the duchess, 1711, and her husband made peer; procured Harley's dismissal, and sided with Bolingbroke and the Jacobites, 1714; lived in retirement after death of Aiine; much esteemed by Swift.

[395] Damaris Masham, Lady Masham (1658–1708), theological writer; daughter of Ralph Cud worth; stiiiluit under her father and Locke; married Sir Francis Masham, third baronet, of Gates, Essex, 1686; gave birth to a son, 1686; adopted the views of John Locke, who resided at Gates from 1691 till bis death in 1704; published A Discourse concerning the Love of God 1696, 'Occasional Thoughts c. 1700, and account of Locke in Great Historical Dictionary

[396] Samuel Masham , first Baron Masham (1679V1758), son of Sir Francis Masham, third baronet; successively page, equerry, and groom of the bedchamber to Prince George of Denmark; married Abigail Hill, 1707 see MASHAM, ABIGAIL, LADY; brigadier-general, 1710: M.P., nchester, 1710, Windsor, 1711; cofferer of household to Qneeu Anne, 1711; one of twelve tory peers created, 1712; remembrancer of the exchequer, 1716; belonged to famous Society of Brothers.

[397] Samuel Masham , second Baron Masham (1712 177*. ), son of Samuel Masham, first baron Ma-ham; auditor-general of household of George, prince of Wales; given pension by George III, 1761; lord of the bedchamber, 1762; hated by Swift.

[398] William Maskell (1814?–1890), medievalist ; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1838; extreme high churchman; attacked Bishop Stanley of Norwich for his support of relaxation of subscription, 1840; rector of Corscombe, Dorset, 1842-7; vicar of St. Mary Church, near Torquay, 1847-60; published Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England 1844, and other works, which placed him in front rank of English ecclesiastical historians; chaplain to Bishop of Exeter; published Holy Baptism 1848, and other works; questioned jurisdiction of privy council in Gorham case (see GORHAM, GEORGE CORNELIUS); became Roman catholic, 1860; acquiesced unwillingly in dogma of papal infallibility; lived in retirement and devoted himself to literature and collecting mediaeval service books and objects; JJP. and deputylieutenant for Cornwall.

[399] Nevil Maskelyne (1732–1811), astronomer royal : wrangler, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1754; fellow, 1767; M.A., 1767; D.D., 1777: obtained livings of Shrawardine, 1775, and North Runcton, 1782; assisted Bradley; sent by Royal Society to observe transit of Venus at St. Helena, 1761; was unsuccessful, but made other useful observations; astronomer royal, 1765; established theNautical Almanac 1766; made about ninety thousand observations, published, 1776-1811, with one assistant only; perfected method of transit-observation, 1772; obviated effects of parallax; invented prismatic micrometer (in part anticipated); Copley medallist for Observations on the Attraction of Mountains 1775: edited Mason's correction of Mayer'sLunar Tables 1787, and other works; wrote essay on Equation of Time member of French Institute, 1802; F.R.S., 1758.

[400] Charles Mason (1616–1677), royalist divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1635; fellow, 1635-44; D.D.Oxford, 1642, Cambridge, 1660; deprived of fellowship, 1644; rector of Stower ProTOst, Dorset, 1647; rector of St. Mary Woolchnrch, London, 1660-6, and of St. Peter-le-Poor, London, 1669-77, and prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1663, and of Salisbury, 1671: published sermons and verse.

[401] Charles Mason (1730–1787), astronomer: assistant to Bradley at Greenwich; with Dixou observed transit of Venus at Cape of Good Hope, 1761: settled boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1.63-7; measured an arc of the meridian, 1764: employed by Royal Society on mission at Cavan, Ireland, 1769; ob served second transit of Venus and other phenomena; .-...-!: r-I...I..: 1.-.-..:..;,

[402] Francis Mason (ISM 7-1621), archdeacon of Norfolk: f. How of Merton College, Oxford, 1686; B.A. Brassnose College, Oxford, Itsf-M-A. Merton College, Oxford, 1590; B.D., 1597; obtained rectory of Sodboaro, with chapel of Grford in Suffolk. 1 699; wrote Of the Oonsecr* validity of their consecration, and exciting several answers from Roman catholic*; published Latin and enlarged editions, and other works.

[403] Francis Mason (1837–1888). surgeon : PJLC.S , 1862; filial posts of surgeon and lecturer at "" and St. Thomas's hospitals and elsewhere; president of Kattoal BookStj, 180;;.,.,: lisa!,...r,.,

[404] George Mason (1736–1806), miscellaneous writer: of Corpus Christl College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1761; collector of scarce books; published A Supplement to Johnson's " English Dictionary," 1801, Life of Richard Barl Howe 1803, and other works.

[405] George Heming Mason (1818–1872), painter: travelled to Rome through France and Switserland with his brother, mostly on foot, 1843-5, and earned livelihood by painting portraits of English vUitors or settler* and their pet animals; tended the wounded daring Italian war; painted cattle in the Campagna; formed friendships with Frederic Lord Leightonand Costa: paintedPloughing in the Campagna 1866, and similar pictures; visited Paris exhibition, 1866; returned to England, married, and settled in family mansion at Whitby Abbey, 1868; painted Wind on the Wolds followed by series of English Idylls; exhibited at Academy and Dudley Gallery several fine pictures, including The Oast Shoe 1865, and the Harvest Moon (his last), 1872; A.R.A., 1869. Image at File:George Heming Mason by Valentine Cameron Prinsep.jpg.

[406] George Henry Monck Mason (1826–1867), British resident at Jodhpore; nephew of Henry Joseph Monck Mason; dUtinguisht.il himself as assistant to agent at Rajpootaua from 1847, and as political agent at Kerowlee; resident at Jodhpore, 1867; provided for safety of Europeans on mutiny of the Jodbpore legion; accompanied troops to meet Sir George St. Patrick Lawrence , and was murdered by the rebels,

[407] Henry Mason (1573?-1647) divine; brother of Francis Mason (1566 7-1621): M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1603; B.D., 1610; obtained several livings, including (1613) that of St. Andrew Uudersbaft, London; chaplain to bishop of London; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1616; works include "The New Art of Lying, covered by Jesuits 1624.

[408] Henry Joseph Monck Mason (1778–1868), miscellaneous writer: brother of William Monck; scholar and gold medallist, Trinity College, Dublin; B.A., 1798; Irish barrister, 1800; examiner to prerogative court; subsequently librarian of King's Inns, 1816; corresponded with Robert Southey: organised societies for giving religious instruction to the Irish-speaking population, and for improvement of prisons: instrumental in founding Irish professorship and scholarships at Dublin University; LL.D. Dublin, 1817; works includeEssay on the Antiquity and Constitution of Parliaments in Ireland 1820.

[409] James Mason ( fl. -1743–1783), landscape engraver; executed plates from pictures by Claude, Poossln, and contemporary English artists.

[410] James Mason (1779–1827), miscellaneous writer: supporter of Fox; advocated abolition of slavery and catholic emancipation: published political pamphlets and The Natural Son (tragedy 1805, Literary Miscellanies,* 1809, and other works.

[411] Sir John Mason (1503–1566), statesman; son of a cowherd at Abingdon; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; M.A., 1525; king's scholar at Paris; obtained living of Kyngeston, 1632; travelled abroad on the king's service for several years; secretary to Sir Thomas Wyatt (150J?-1641); gained reputation as diplomatist; clerk to privy council, 1542; master of the posts, 1544, and French secretary; knighted by Edward VI, 1547; searched registers to establish English wteraluty over Scotland, 154*; dean of Winchester, 1549; ambassador to Prance, 1560-1, and corresponded with council; master of requests and clerk of parliament, 1561; commissioner to collect church lands m JNew ttugiana; returned to i-jitnu treasurer and paymaster of the army, 1627; rec patents aud sailed again, 1629; associated Ferdiuando Gorges and six London u .52: obtained some of Somerset's lands; M.P., 1551 and 1552, Tauutoii, 1552-3; chancellor of Oxford University, 1552-6 and 1559-64; witness to Edward Vl's will, 1553; signed letter to Mary announcing proclamation of Jane, but soon afterwards arranged with lord mayor proclamation of Mary, 1553; gave op ecclesiastical offices, but, favoured by Mary, was mode treasurer of the chamber, 1554; ambassador to the Emperor Oharles V at Brussels, 1553-6, aud present at his abdication: reinstated in chancellorship and deanery at Elizabeth's accession; directed foreign policy and negotiated with Prance, 1559 and 1564.

[412] John Mason (. 103), fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A., 1603; B.D.; brother of Francis Mason (1566?-1621)

[413] John Mason (1588–1635), founder of New Hampshire; matriculated from Magdalen College, Oxford, 1602: assisted in reclamation of the Hebrides, 1610; governor of Newfoundland, 1615; completed first English map of the island, 1625, and wrote A Briefe Discovrse of the Newfoundland 1620; received various patents for lands in New England; returned to England, 1624; 27; received new with Sir merchants, obtained bind on Piscataqua river, 1631 (colony afterwards known as New Hampshire); returned, 1634; was appointed captain of Southsea Castle and inspector of forts and castles on south coast; nominated to council for New England, 1633, and vice-admiral of New England 1635; zealous churchman and royalist.

[414] John Mason (1600–1672), New England commander; served in Netherlands under Sir Thomas, afterwards Baron Fairfax (1612-1671); went to Dorchester, Massachusetts, 1630, and obtained military command; assisted migration to Windsor, New Connecticut, 1635; with help of friendly Indians exterminated the Pequots, 1637; major-general of colonial forces, 1638-70; deputy-governor of Connecticut, 1660, and chief judge of colonial county court, 1664-70; prepared Brief History of the Pequot War.

[415] John Mason (1646?–1694), enthusiast and poet; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1668; vicar of Stantonbury, 1668-74, and rector of Water Stratford, 1674; Calvinist and enthusiastic preacher on the millenium, which he announced was beginning at Water Stratford; preached, 1890, and published sermon on the ten virgins, which made some stir; attracted noisy encampment of followers to the village, who remained unconvinced of his mortality after his exhumed corpse had been shown to them; wrote A living stream as crystal clear and other familiar hymns.

[416] John Mason (1706–1763), nonconformist divine and author; grandson of John Mason (1646?-1694); tutor and chaplain in family of Governor Peaks; presbyterian minister at Dorking, 1729, and at Cheshunt, 1746; published Plea for Christianity 1743, and other works, and trained students for ministry.

[417] John Charles Mason (1798–1881), marine secretary to Indian government; solicitor's clerk; later employed in important affairs in secretary's office at East India House; compiled An Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company 1825-6; marine secretary, introduced great improvements; arranged for transport of fifty thousand troops on outbreak of mutiny,

[418] John Monck Mason (1726–1809), Shakespearean commentator; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 176lTlri 8 h barrister, 1752; Irish M.P., Blessington, 1761 and 1769 St. Canice, 1776, 1783, 1790,and 1798; made commissioner of public works, 1771, and of revenue of Ireland, 1772 became supporter of government in Ireland; Irish orivv councillor; voted for union in last Irish parliament works include Comment* on the last Edition of Shakespeare's Play* 1785.

[419] Sir Josiah Mason (1795–1881) pen manufacturer and philanthropist; was successively fruit-seller in the i shoemaker, carpenter, blacksmith, house-painter Ml manufacturer of imitation gold jewellery and split rings; made split rings by machinery; manufactured pens for Perry; joined the Elkingtons in electro-plate business, 1844, aud in smelting works; acquired great wealth; founded almshouses aud orphanage at Eniiugton and the Mason College at Birmingham; knighted, 1872.

[420] Martin Mason (fl. 1660–1676), quaker : continually imprisoned for his opinions, 1650-71; concerned in schism of John Ferret; wrote An Address (to Charles II), and another to parliament, 1660; liberated, 1672; published controversial tracts.

[421] Richard Mason (1601–1678). See Angelus à Sancto Francisco.

[422] Robert Mason (1571–1635), politician and author : of Balliol College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; M.J, Ludgershall, Wiltshire, 1626, Winchester, 1628; opponent of the court; assistant to managers of Buckingham's impeachment, 1626; one of the framers of the Petition of Right, 1628; defended Eliot, 1630; recorder of London, 1634; author of Reason's Monarchic 1602, and of other writings.

[423] Robert Mason (1589?–1662), secretary to Duke of Buckingham; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and LL.D.

[424] Thomas Mason (1580–1619?), divine; of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of Odiham, 1614-19; published 'Christ's Victorie over Sathan's Tyrannic 1615, andA Revelation of the Revelation 1619.

[425] Thomas Mason (d. 1660), Latin poet; demy, 1596, and fellow, 1603-14; of Magdalen College, Oxford, M.A., 1605; D.D., 1631; prebendary of Salisbury, 1624; rector of North Waltham, 1623, and Weyhill, 1624; ejected during rebellion; wrote Latin verses.

[426] William Mason (.#. 1672–1709), stenographer; London writing-master; published three treatises on shorthand, 1672, 1682, and 1707, embodying three systems, the last and best, with modifications, being still in use; greatest stenographer of seventeenth century; celebrated for his skill in minute handwriting.

[427] William Mason (1724–1797), poet; scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1749; wrote 4 monody on Pope's death, published, 1747; elected fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, through Gray's influence, 1749; composed Isis (poem denouncing Oxford Jacobitism), 1748, an ode upon Duke of Newcastle's installation, 1749, and Elfrida dramatic poem, 1752; became acquainted with Hurd and Warburtou; rector of Aston, Yorkshire, 1754, and chaplain to Lord Holderness; visited Germany, 1756; king's chaplain, 1757; canon of York, 1762; published odes, 1756, Oaractacus 1759, and elegies 1762; maintained close friendship with Gray, and was his literary executor; published An Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers, a sharp satire, 1773; published Gray'sLife and Letters 1774; corresponded with Horace Walpole; prominent in political agitation for retrenchment and reform, 1780, but later became follower of Pitt; hisSappho(lyrical drama) first printed, 1797; imitator of Gray, and, in satire, follower of Pope; oom1 instil church music, and invented an instrument, the Celestina; his Works collected, 1811.

[428] William Monck Mason (1775–1859), historian ; brother of Henry Joseph Monck Mason; hind waiter for exports at Dublin, 1796; published The History and Antiquities of the... Church of St. Patrick 1819 (portion of much larger projected work), and a pamphlet, Suggestions relative to... a Survey... of Ireland 1825.

[429] William Shaw Mason (1774–1853), statist; B.A. Dublin, 1796; remembrancer, 1806, and secretary to commissioners for public records in Ireland, 1810; published A Statistical Account... of Ireland 1814, 1816, 1819, and other works.

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