Jump to content

2023 Nigerian presidential election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2023 Nigerian presidential election
← 2019 25 February 2023[a] 2027 →
Opinion polls
Registered93,469,008
Turnout26.71% (Decrease8.04pp)
 
Bola Tinubu portrait (cropped).jpg
Atiku Abubakar-2010 (cropped).jpg
Nominee Bola Tinubu Atiku Abubakar
Party APC PDP
Home state Lagos Adamawa
Running mate Kashim Shettima Ifeanyi Okowa
States carried 12 12
Popular vote 8,794,726 6,984,520
Percentage 36.61% 29.07%
 
Peter Obi.png
Rabiu Kwankwaso (cropped).jpg
Nominee Peter Obi Rabiu Kwankwaso
Party LP NNPP
Home state Anambra Kano
Running mate Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed Isaac Idahosa
States carried 11 + FCT 1
Popular vote 6,101,533 1,496,687
Percentage 25.40% 6.40%
Results by state
President before election

Muhammadu Buhari
APC

Elected President

Bola Ahmed Tinubu
APC

Politics of Nigeria
Constitution
Government
Legislature
  • State delegations
Judiciary
Subdivisions
Elections
Foreign relations
flag Nigeria portal

The 2023 Nigerian presidential election was held on 25 February 2023[a] to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria.[1] Bola Tinubu, the former governor of Lagos State and nominee of the All Progressives Congress won the election with 36.61% of the vote, just under 8.8 million votes to defeat over runners-up former vice president Atiku Abubakar (Peoples Democratic Party) and former governor of Anambra State Peter Obi (Labour Party). Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, held on the same date while state elections were held on 18 March.[1] The inauguration was held on 29 May 2023.[2]

Party primaries were conducted between 4 April and 9 June 2022 with the Peoples Democratic Party nominating Abubakar on 28 May while the All Progressives Congress nominated Tinubu on 8 June.[3][4] For the Labour Party and New Nigeria Peoples Party, Obi was nominated on 30 May and former Governor of Kano State Rabiu Kwankwaso was nominated on 8 June, respectively.[5][6] In the weeks after the primaries, vice presidential running mates were announced with Abubakar choosing Governor Ifeanyi Okowa on 16 June while his main opponents initially selected placeholder running mates before later substituting in substantive nominees.[7][8][9] Obi selected former Senator Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed on 8 July, Tinubu picked Senator Kashim Shettima on 10 July, and Kwankwaso chose pastor Isaac Idahosa on 14 July.[10][11]

Issues surrounding the election included corruption, insecurity, the state of the economy, and national unity. Additionally, there was considerable focus on the impact of identity — ethnic, regional, and religious — throughout the campaign.

The general election was noted by initially high projected turnout and lack of a peaceful voting process. It was marred by reports of vote buying, voter intimidation, attacks on polling units in certain areas, and unpunctual electoral officials along with accusations of outright fraud;[12][13] to compound issues with trust in the election, Independent National Electoral Commission officials failed to upload polling unit results to the INEC result viewing portal as previously assured would happen on election day.[14][15][16] As state results started to be announced on 26 February at the national collation centre in Abuja, opposition emerged as results data had still not been fully uploaded prior to their announcement in accordance with the law.[17][18] These circumstances along with statements critical of INEC from observers and civil society groups led the Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso campaigns to question and then officially reject the announced election results by 28 February.[19][20][21][22] All three main opposition campaigns, in addition to some civil society groups and former President Olusegun Obasanjo, called on the commission to rerun the election due to fraud and violence.[23][24][25][26][27] Meanwhile, the Tinubu campaign praised the commission and called for the arrest of PDP spokesmen for "incitement of violence."[28] In the early morning of 1 March, INEC chairman Mahmood Yakubu declared Tinubu as the victory after all state results were collated.[29] In response, Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso rejected and vowed to challenge the results.[30][31][32][33]

Electoral system

[edit]

The President of Nigeria is elected using a modified two-round system with up to three rounds. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive a plurality of the national vote and over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round is held between the top candidate and the candidate winning the second-highest number of states. To win in the second round, a candidate must still receive the most votes nationally and over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. If neither candidate passes this threshold, a third round is held where a simple majority of the national vote is required to be elected.[34]

Background

[edit]

After the first term of Muhammadu Buhari as President, he won re-election to the office as the nominee of the All Progressives Congress by defeating Atiku Abubakar of the People's Democratic Party with a margin of 14 percentage points—nearly 4 million votes.[35] For the legislative elections, the APC solidified its majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate after nearly losing the majorities due to defections in 2018.[36] On the state level, the PDP gained two governorships in total as the party gained four governorships from the APC while the APC gained two governorships from the PDP.[37] During the first two years of the 2019–2023 term, the APC expanded slightly through the defections of dozens of state and federal legislators and three governors—Ebonyi State's Dave Umahi, Cross River State's Benedict Ayade, and Zamfara State's Bello Muhammad Matawalle—but went through a prolonged leadership crisis;[38] for the PDP, the losses through defection took a toll but the party resolved its leadership crisis and held a peaceful convention.[39] During the second half of the term, both parties were hit by defections but the APC held its long-postponed convention and the PDP underwent public disputes over not zoning its presidential nomination.[40]

Ahead of Buhari's second term, his promises included the completion of in-process rail lines and other infrastructure projects, the further inclusion of women in government, educational reform, and increasing anti-corruption initiatives.[41] In terms of his performance, the administration was commended for improving the agriculture sector, finishing infrastructure projects, successful advances in the fight against terrorists in the northeast, securing the return of previously looted public funds from abroad, and increasing the minimum wage.[42][43][44][45][46][47][48] However, he faced criticism for abandoning anti-corruption initiatives, poor quality of life, an increasingly dire security situation outside of the northeast (bandits and some terrorist expansion in the North West, herder-farmer and interethnic conflicts in the North Central, pirates and illegal oil bunkering gangs in the Niger Delta, and a violent separatist movement in the South East along with nationwide kidnapping and security force brutality epidemics), and increasing national debt.[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][excessive citations]

Buhari also came under fire for instituting a seven-month long national ban on Twitter after the site removed an abusive tweet he posted in reference to the Civil War; the ban was decried as a failed attempt at censorship.[66] Another key source of controversy was the administration's handling of the October 2020 protest wave of the End SARS movement with the most fervent criticism emerging over the Lekki massacre when soldiers in Lagos killed multiple peaceful protesters before the Army and administration attempted to deny the shooting ever took place.[67]

Buhari also had to contend with a fluctuating, but consistently low, approval rating.[68]

Primary elections

[edit]

The primaries, along with any potential challenges to primary results, were to take place between 4 April and 3 June 2022 but the deadline was extended to 9 June.[1][69] An informal zoning gentlemen's agreement sets the South (the South East, South South, and South West geopolitical zones) to have the next President as Buhari, a Northerner, was elected twice.[70] Another informal convention calls for nominees to have vice presidential running mates from a different region and religion as themselves. Despite the arrangement, most parties did not formally close their primaries to non-Southern candidates or officially designate that their tickets cannot have running mates of the same religion.

Both the APC and PDP had heated internal debates over zoning and same religion tickets in the year ahead of the primary. Despite the informal convention, the People's Democratic Party declined to formally zone its nomination in early May 2022 before going against the convention to nominate northerner Atiku Abubakar; the All Progressives Congress also declined to formally zone its nomination but later nominated a southerner, Bola Tinubu, as its flagbearer.[71][72] The APC, however, did break the other major convention by picking a same religion ticket; the PDP did not.[73][74]

All Progressives Congress

[edit]
2022 All Progressives Congress presidential primary
← 2019 8 June 2022 2027 →
Turnout91.09%
 
Nominee Bola Tinubu Rotimi Amaechi Yemi Osinbajo
Party APC APC APC
Home state Lagos Rivers Ogun
Popular vote 1,271 316 235
Percentage 60.5% 15.0% 11.2%
Elected Presidential Nominee

Bola Tinubu
APC

With Muhammadu Buhari having been elected to the presidency twice, he was ineligible for renomination. In July 2021, then-national APC Caretaker chairman and Yobe State Governor Mai Mala Buni backed the consensus method of nominating a presidential candidate instead of the more common direct or indirect primary methods but the party did not come to a decision on the primary method at the time.[75] During Buni's term as Caretaker chairman from 2020 to 2022, he campaigned heavily for prominent PDP members to defect to the APC, weakening the opposition's caucus in the National Assembly and gaining three governors—Ebonyi State's Dave Umahi, Cross River State's Benedict Ayade, and Zamfara State's Bello Muhammad Matawalle—in 2020 and 2021. However, the APC's electoral performance and party unity were more mixed as it came a distant third in the 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election[b] and was still beset by infighting.[76] The APC primary was framed in the wider context of internal party feuds stemming from the APC's formation in 2013 and pre-2019 election party crises to the 2020 removal of party leadership and contentious 2021 state party congresses. The ability of the APC national caretaker committee to resolve state party factionizations and properly organize the 2022 national party convention was seen as vital for both the APC's presidential chances and its future as a party.[77] After several postponements, the convention was successfully held on 26 March 2022 despite some controversy over the consensus method used for most party offices.[78][79]

In terms of zoning, there was no announced formal zoning agreement for the APC nomination despite calls from certain politicians and interest groups such as the Southern Governors' Forum to zone the nomination to the South as Buhari, a Northerner, was elected twice.[80][81] Countering its proponents were prospective candidates from the North and the Northern Governors' Forum, which did not oppose a southern presidency but initially disagreed with formal zoning.[82] On the other hand, there were few proponents of a same religion ticket, mainly supporters and allies of eventual nominee Bola Tinubu who argued that there were few powerful Northern Christian APC politicians who could be his running mate.[83] Allies of other potential candidates and groups like the Christian Association of Nigeria came out strongly against the idea of a same religion ticket on grounds of national unity and religious harmony.[84][85]

On 20 April 2022, the APC National Executive Committee announced the party timetable for the presidential primary and that the primary would use the indirect primary method. The announcement set the party's expression of interest form price at ₦30 million and the nomination form price at ₦70 million with a 50% nomination form discount for candidates younger than 40 while women and candidates with disabilities get free nomination forms.[86] Forms were to be sold from 26 April to 6 May until the deadline was later extended to 10 May then 12 May.[87] After the submission of nomination forms by 13 May, candidates were to be screened by a party committee on 24 and 25 May but it was delayed several times to while the screening appeal process will take place afterwards.[88][89][90] Ward congresses and LGA congresses were rescheduled for between 12 and 14 May to elect "ad hoc delegates" for the primary. Candidates approved by the screening process were to advance to a primary set for 30 May and 1 June but the party delayed the primary to 6–8 June.[91][92][93][94]

Before the primary, controversy over the prospective electors emerged due to the legal ramifications of the amended Electoral Act. After years of debate and public pressure, Buhari signed a new Electoral Act in January 2022 that drastically reformed election and electoral systems for both primary and general elections. One of the reforms was the exclusion of ex officio "statutory delegates"—thousands of current and former officeholders—from voting in party primaries; National Assembly leadership said the exclusion was inadvertent and in May, NASS passed an amendment to the act to allow statutory delegates to vote in primaries.[95] However, Buhari refused to sign the amendment into law, forcing the APC to suddenly prohibit statutory delegates from voting. Not only did the action prevent Buhari and other high-ranking officeholders from voting, it drastically reduced the number of delegates from over 7,800 to just the 2,322 elected "ad hoc delegates."[96][97][98]

The pre-primary period was dominated by questions about major candidates and Buhari's endorsement. Of the formally announced candidates, analysts viewed six as the major contenders: Rotimi Amaechi—former Minister of Transportation and former Governor of Rivers State, Kayode Fayemi—Governor of Ekiti State, Ahmad Lawan—Senate President, Yemi Osinbajo—Vice President, former science minister Ogbonnaya Onu, and Bola Tinubu—former Governor of Lagos State;[99] however, two potential surprises emerged: former President Goodluck Jonathan and Governor of the Central Bank Godwin Emefiele. Groups purchasing forms on behalf of Emefiele and Jonathan coupled with months of speculation about their candidacies led to rumours of a plot to impose one of the two as nominee despite the legally-mandated nonpartisanship of Emefiele's office and Jonathan's membership in the PDP; neither candidacy came to fruition as Jonathan refused the forms,[100] while Emefiele was forced to withdraw due to public pressure.[101][102] The other main question was Buhari's endorsement; despite months of contending that he would not weigh in on the primary, about a week before the primary, Buhari held a meeting with APC governors where he asked them to support his preferred candidate.[103][104] Reports emerged that while the vast majority of governors agreed, a few rejected the proposal or did not state their position.[105] Another point of contention was the oft-postponed candidate screening, where a committee led by former APC National chairman John Odigie Oyegun cleared all twenty-three candidates but recommended only thirteen candidates continue their campaigns due to their perceived chances of victory.[106][107]

In the days directly before the primary, the vast majority of northern APC governors released a letter in support of a southern nominee where they also asked northern candidates to withdraw; in response, one northern candidate withdrew from the primary.[108] Later that day (4 June 2022), Buhari held a meeting with most APC candidates where he reportedly privately backed a nominee from the south and told the candidates to find a consensus nominee amongst themselves.[109] However, on 6 June—the day before primary voting, national party chairman Abdullahi Adamu told northern APC governors that the party's (and Buhari's) consensus candidate would be Lawan; the announcement was met with opposition by governors and other members of the party's National Working Committee leading the party to backtrack and claim that Adamu was just expressing his personal opinion.[110][111][112][113] The same day, Buhari stated that he had no anointed candidate in the primary.[114] Then early on primary day, APC governors and the party NWC made a joint recommendation of five southern candidates—Amaechi, Fayemi, Osinbajo, Tinubu, and Governor of Ebonyi State Dave Umahi—to Buhari while asking all other aspirants to withdraw from the race.[115] Seven other candidates released a joint statement rejecting the shortlist while all six southeastern candidates penned a letter to Buhari asking that the nomination be zoned to the South-East.[116][117]

On the day of the primary, delegates gathered in Eagle Square, Abuja to be accredited and vote. The early part of the exercise was beset by logistical issues as there were significant delays in both delegate and journalist accreditation along with the deployment of tear gas by security to disperse crowds.[118][119][120] Meanwhile, inside the Square, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission personnel took positions to prevent bribery before candidates gave their final speeches to the delegates before voting.[121] During these speeches, six candidates—Godswill Akpabio, Ibikunle Amosun, Dimeji Bankole, Robert Ajayi Boroffice, Fayemi, and Uju Kennedy Ohanenye—stepped down in favour of Tinubu and one aspirant—Nicholas Felix—withdrew for Osinbajo while the remaining candidates issued promises and proposals for their prospective campaigns.[122] After the candidate's speeches and an address by Buhari, voting began in the early morning of 8 June and after hours of voting, votes were publicly tabulated.[123] When collation was completed, Bola Tinubu emerged as nominee after results showed him winning 60% of the votes with a margin of 45% over runner-up Amaechi.[124][125][4] In his acceptance speech, Tinubu thanked his team while striking a conciliatory tone in regards to his former opponents.[126] Post-primary analysis noted multiple potential reasons for Tinubu's victory, namely: other candidates' focus on a Buhari endorsement that never came, the failure of Buhari's succession plan, bribery, and the last-minute withdrawals.[127][128][129] The week after the primary were based around the search for Tinubu's running mate, as Tinubu is a southern Muslim, it was expected that his running mate would be a northern Christian but controversy emerged as some prominent APC politicians stated their openness to a Muslim-Muslim ticket.[130][131] As the deadline neared, the party submitted the name of Kabir Ibrahim Masari—a politician and party operative from Katsina State—as a placeholder vice presidential nominee to be substituted at a later date.[9] On 10 July, Ibrahim Masari withdrew and Tinubu announced Kashim Shettima—a senator and former Governor of Borno State—as his running mate after a meeting with Buhari in Daura.[132][11] Breaking the anti-same religion ticket convention, Tinubu argued in a statement that "religion...cannot always and fully determine our path" and that he picked "the man who can help me bring the best governance to all Nigerians, period, regardless of their religious affiliation" and compared the ticket to the last Yoruba Muslim-Kanuri Muslim ticket, the successful M. K. O. Abiola-Baba Gana Kingibe slate in 1993.[133] Opponents, like the Christian Association of Nigeria and civil society groups, derided the pick as divisive in a trying time for Nigerian unity.[134][135] Analysts noted the previous reports from before Tinubu was nominated said that his inner circle did not think a Northern Christian would help the party in the majority-Muslim states and thus a fellow Muslim should be picked.[136][137]

Nominated

[edit]

Eliminated in primary

[edit]

Withdrew

[edit]

Declined

[edit]

Primary results

[edit]

Candidates' vote share

  Bola Tinubu (60.47%)
  Rotimi Amaechi (15.03%)
  Yemi Osinbajo (11.18%)
  Ahmad Lawan (7.23%)
  Other candidates (6.09%)
APC primary results[4]
Party Candidate Votes %
APC Bola Tinubu 1,271 60.47%
APC Rotimi Amaechi 316 15.03%
APC Yemi Osinbajo 235 11.18%
APC Ahmad Lawan 152 7.23%
APC Yahaya Bello 47 2.24%
APC Dave Umahi 38 1.81%
APC Benedict Ayade 37 1.76%
APC Ahmad Sani Yerima 4 0.19%
APC Ogbonnaya Onu 1 0.05%
APC Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba 1 0.05%
APC Tunde Bakare 0 0.00%
APC Tein Jack-Rich 0 0.00%
APC Ikeobasi Mokelu 0 0.00%
APC Rochas Okorocha 0 0.00%
Total votes 2,102 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 13 N/A
Turnout 2,322 91.09%

Peoples Democratic Party

[edit]
2022 Peoples Democratic Party presidential primary
← 2019 28 May 2022 2027 →
Turnout98.43%
 
Wike
Nominee Atiku Abubakar Nyesom Wike Bukola Saraki
Party PDP PDP PDP
Home state Adamawa Rivers Kwara
Popular vote 371 237 70
Percentage 49.3% 31.5% 9.3%
Elected Presidential Nominee

Atiku Abubakar
PDP

In October 2021, newly elected PDP chairman Iyorchia Ayu backed the indirect primary method of nominating a presidential candidate instead of the direct or consensus methods.[207] In the year prior to Ayu's election at the October 2021 PDP National Convention, the party had been beset by months of defections from prominent members, most notably of over a dozen National Assembly members and three governors—Ebonyi State's Dave Umahi, Cross River State's Benedict Ayade, and Zamfara State's Bello Muhammad Matawalle; the party also came a distant second in the 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election and suspended then-national party chair, Uche Secondus.[208] However, the PDP was able to hold its convention without controversy or violence in October, electing nearly all party officials by consensus and inaugurating the full National Working Committee in December.[39]

In terms of zoning, the PDP did not have a formal zoning agreement for the nomination, however, there were calls from certain politicians and interest groups such as the Southern Governors' Forum to zone the nomination to the South as the APC's Buhari, a Northerner, was elected twice.[209][210] Amid calls for zoning, the party set up an internal committee in March 2022 with a decision on the issue expected by April.[211][212] However, the decision's release was delayed until May when the party announced that it would not zone its nomination.[213][214]

On 16 March 2022, the national PDP announced its primary schedule, setting its expression of interest form price at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦35 million with a 50% discount for candidates between 25 and 30.[215] Forms were to be sold from 18 March to 1 April but the party later extended the deadline four times before reaching a final deadline of 22 April. After the submission of nomination forms by 25 April, candidates were screened by a party committee on 29 April while 2 May was the rescheduled date for the screening appeal process. Ward congresses were set for 29 April and LGA congresses were rescheduled for 10 May to elect "ad hoc delegates" for the primary; ex officio "statutory delegates"—thousands of current and former officeholders—will not be electors unlike previous primaries.[216][217][218] Candidates approved by the screening process will advance to a primary set for 28 and 29 May.[219][220]

At the party screening, a committee led by former Senate President David Mark cleared most candidates but disqualified two—Nwachukwu Anakwenze and Cosmos Chukwudi Ndukwe; The disqualifications were then upheld by a screening appeal committee led by Ayu.[221][222] After the screening, the party's oft-postponed zoning decision was announced with the PDP National Executive Council choosing not to zone the nomination to any particular region, throwing the race open to all candidates.[223] Of the candidates, analysts viewed five as the most likely to win: Atiku Abubakar—former Vice President and 2019 presidential nominee, Peter Obi—former Governor of Anambra State and 2019 vice presidential nominee, Bukola Saraki—former Senate President, Aminu Waziri Tambuwal—Governor of Sokoto State and former Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Nyesom Wike—Governor of Rivers State with a few other notable candidates seen as unlikely to have a chance.[224][225] However, a few days before the primary, Obi suddenly withdrew from the primary and decamped to the Labour Party.[226][227]

In the days before the primary, controversy over the prospective electors emerged due to the legal ramifications of the amended Electoral Act. After years of debate and public pressure, Buhari signed a new Electoral Act in January 2022 that drastically reformed election and electoral systems for both primary and general elections. One of the reforms was the exclusion of ex officio "statutory delegates"—thousands of current and former officeholders—from voting in party primaries; National Assembly leadership said the exclusion was inadvertent and in May, NASS passed an amendment to the act to allow statutory delegates to vote in primaries.[95] However, Buhari refused to sign the amendment into law, forcing the PDP to suddenly barr statutory delegates from voting. Not only did the action prevent incumbent governors and other high-ranking officeholders from voting, it drastically reduced the number of delegates to just 810 then 774.[97][228][229][230]

On the day of the primary, delegates gathered in the Velodrome of the Moshood Abiola National Stadium to be accredited and vote. Despite a few unexpected events, including the arrival of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission personnel meant to prevent bribery and the withdrawal of candidate Mohammed Hayatu-Deen in protest of the "obscenely monetized" race, the process continued as every candidate gave a final speech to the delegates before voting.[231][232] Another surprise came after the speeches, when Tambuwal returned to the dais to withdraw from the primary and direct his delegates to vote for Abubakar.[233] After the withdrawal, voting began and after over an hour of voting, the votes were publicly tabulated. When collation completed, Atiku Abubakar emerged as nominee after results showed him winning just under 50% of the votes with a margin of 18% over runner-up Wike.[234][235][3] Later investigations into reported vote breakdowns stated that Abubakar won the majority of delegates from the North West and North East while delegates from the North Central and South West split Abubakar, Saraki, and Wike; delegates from the South East and South South also split, mainly between Abubakar and Wike but with Emmanuel winning a portion of the votes.[236] In his acceptance speech, Abubakar vowed to carry the party to victory in the general election on a platform based on unity and economic growth while striking a conciliatory tone in regards to his former opponents. Post-primary analysis noted multiple potential reasons for Abubakar's victory, namely: Tambuwal's withdrawal, Abubakar's public office and campaign experience, the higher number of Northern delegates, and bribery.[237] The weeks after the primary were dominated by the search for Abubakar's running mate, as Abubakar is a northern Muslim it was expected that his running mate would be a southern Christian with Wike, Emmanuel, and Governor of Delta State Ifeanyi Okowa being shortlisted as potential options.[130][238] On 16 June, Abubakar announced that Okowa would be his running mate;[7][239] observers noted that despite Okowa's South South origins, his Ika ethnicity could be a nod to southeastern clamours for an Igbo running mate.[g][240][241] In the announcement speech, Abubakar said that he consulted party leadership in the search for his running mate and that Okowa was chosen due to his extensive experience and personal qualities.[242]

Nominated

[edit]

Eliminated in primary

[edit]

Disqualified by screening committee

[edit]

Withdrew

[edit]

Declined

[edit]

Primary results

[edit]

Candidates' vote share

  Atiku Abubakar (49.34%)
  Nyesom Wike (31.52%)
  Bukola Saraki (9.31%)
  Udom Gabriel Emmanuel (5.05%)
  Other candidates (4.78%)
PDP primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
PDP Atiku Abubakar 371 49.34%
PDP Nyesom Wike 237 31.52%
PDP Bukola Saraki 70 9.31%
PDP Udom Gabriel Emmanuel 38 5.05%
PDP Bala Mohammed 20 2.66%
PDP Anyim Pius Anyim 14 1.86%
PDP Sam Ohuabunwa 1 0.13%
PDP Diana Oliver Tariela 1 0.13%
PDP Ayo Fayose 0 0.00%
PDP Chikwendu Kalu 0 0.00%
PDP Dele Momodu 0 0.00%
PDP Charles Ugwu 0 0.00%
Total votes 752 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 12 N/A
Turnout 764 98.43%

Minor parties

[edit]
Accord

Accord first scheduled its primary for 2 June before shifting it to 4 June.[281][282] That day the party nominated entrepreneur, Christopher Imumolen, as its presidential nominee. The nomination was determined by voice vote after all other candidates stepped down.[283][284] On 25 August, Bello Bala Maru—a former Zamfara State cabinet official—was named as Imumolen's running mate.[285]

Accord primary results[283]
Party Candidate Votes %
A Christopher Imumolen Voice vote 100.00%
Total votes N/A 100.00%
Turnout N/A 100.00%
Action Alliance

Candidates' vote share

  Hamza al-Mustapha (70.08%)
  Samson Odupitan (29.92%)

The Action Alliance initially scheduled its primary for 3 June 2022 but moved it to 9 June with forms being sold from 4 April to 15 May.[286] The expression of interest form price was set at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦10 million with a 50% discount for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[287][282]

On the primary date, two candidates (Tunde Kelani and Felix Johnson Osakwe) withdrew while the other two candidates continued to an indirect primary in Abuja that ended with Hamza al-Mustapha—former military dictator Sani Abacha's former security officer, close aide, and death squad leader—emerging as the party nominee after results showed al-Mustapha winning over 70% of the delegates' votes.[288] In his acceptance speech, al-Mustapha called for national and party unity before his sole opponent, Samson Odupitan, pledged to support al-Mustapha in the general election.[289] Chukwuka Johnson was nominated as the party's vice presidential nominee.

AA primary results[288]
Party Candidate Votes %
AA Hamza al-Mustapha 506 70.08%
AA Samson Odupitan 216 29.92%
Total votes 722 100.00%
Turnout 854 100.00%
Action Democratic Party

The Action Democratic Party scheduled its primary for 31 May where the party nominated its national chairman, Yabagi Sani, as its presidential nominee. The nomination was determined using the consensus method which ended in Sani's emergence as nominee. Sani thanked the party in his acceptance speech, noting that the consensus method was beneficial and promising to adhere to party members as their nominee.[290] On 23 June, Udo Okey-Okoro was announced as Sani's running mate.[291]

ADP primary results[290]
Party Candidate Votes %
ADP Yabagi Sani Consensus 100.00%
Total votes N/A 100.00%
Turnout N/A 100.00%
Action Peoples Party

The Action Peoples Party nominated Osita Nnadi and Isa Hamisu as the party's presidential and vice presidential nominees, respectively.

African Action Congress

The years prior to the AAC primary were beset by a party crisis as two groups both claimed to be the legitimate party organization, one faction led by Leonard Nzenwa and the other faction led by party founder Omoyele Sowore.[292] Both politicians claimed to be party chairman with INEC initially recognizing Nzenwa until Sowore was confirmed to be the rightful chair in early June 2022.[293]

The African Action Congress initially scheduled its primary for 1 to 3 June before moving it to 9 June with candidates registering to contest between 6 and 9 May.[294] The party waived fees for both its expression of interest and nomination forms with candidates only having to pay ₦500,000 "obligatory donation" fees with a 25% discount for women and no fees for candidates with disabilities, students, honorably discharged security personnel, teachers, nurses, and emergency service workers.[295][296]

On the primary date, Sowore was the sole candidate but first resigned as party chairman before the primary in accordance with the party constitution.[297] He then won the nomination by acclamation.[298][299][300] At the end of the month, Haruna Garba Magashi—a lawyer from Kano State—was unveiled as the vice presidential nominee in Abuja.[301]

AAC primary results[298]
Party Candidate Votes %
AAC Omoyele Sowore Consensus 100.00%
Total votes N/A 100.00%
Turnout N/A 100.00%
African Democratic Congress

During the 2019 elections, the ADC solidified its place as one of the larger minor parties by becoming the fourth largest party in the House of Representatives and taking a distant fourth in the presidential race. However, the party faced difficulty as the majority of its legislators decamped to different parties during their terms.[302]

The African Democratic Congress initially scheduled its primary for 1 June but rescheduled it for 8 June with forms being sold from 24 March to 24 May.[282] The expression of interest form price was set at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦20 million with forms being free for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[303][304]

Candidates' vote share

  Dumebi Kachikwu (49.29%)
  Kingsley Moghalu (29.69%)
  Chukwuka Monye (17.09%)
  Other candidates (7.51%)

Ahead of the primary in Abeokuta, it was noted that the ADC had a high number of aspirants compared to other smaller parties with analysts viewing two as the major contenders: Dumebi Kachikwu—Roots Television Nigeria founder and brother of former minister Ibe Kachikwu along with Kingsley Moghalu—a former Central Bank official.[302][305][306] On the primary date, the candidates contested an indirect primary that ended with Kachikwu emerging as the presidential nominee after results showed him winning just under 50% of the delegates' votes.[307][308] A few days later, Moghalu left the party in protest amid allegations that Kachikwu's win was mainly due to bribes given to delegates.[309] Kachikwu denied the allegations and claimed that it was Moghalu that attempted bribery;[310] however, a few days later, American assets of Kachikwu were seized and a previous seizure related to the William J. Jefferson corruption case resurfaced leading to questions on his credibility.[311] The party first nominated Ahmed Mani for the vice presidency as a placeholder before picking Malika Sani later in June;[312] however, Sani's nomination fell through and about a month later, Kachikwu announced Ahmed Buhari—an oil and gas consultant from Niger State—as his substantive running mate.[313] Soon afterward, the party descended into crisis as factions attempted to expel Kachikwu.[314]

ADC primary results[307]
Party Candidate Votes %
ADC Dumebi Kachikwu 978 49.29%
ADC Kingsley Moghalu 589 29.69%
ADC Chukwuka Monye 339 17.09%
ADC Chichi Ojei 72 3.63%
ADC Ebiti Ndok-Jegede 5 0.25%
ADC Angela Johnson 1 0.05%
Total votes 1,984 100.00%
Turnout 2,100 100.00%
Allied Peoples Movement

The Allied Peoples Movement initially scheduled its primary for 30 May but rescheduled it for 9 June.[315][282] Party chairman Yusuf Mamman Dantalle was the sole candidate and won the nomination unopposed at the party secretariat.[316] Princess Chichi Ojei was then nominated as the party's vice presidential nominee. However, Dantalle withdrew from the nomination in July and Ojei was nominated in his place.[317] She later picked Ibrahim Mohammed as running mate.

All Progressives Grand Alliance

In 2021 and 2022, APGA retained the Anambra State governorship by a substantial margin and gained a senator through defection, cementing its place as the nation's third largest party. However, the party rarely expands out from its southeastern base and has not obtained over a percent of the vote in any presidential election since 2003.

The All Progressives Grand Alliance scheduled its primary for 1 June 2022 with ward congresses set for 10 May to elect delegates for the primary. The expression of interest form price was set at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦20 million with a 50% discount for women and candidates with disabilities;[318][319] forms were to be sold from 29 March to 11 April but the deadline was extended to 15 April.[320]

On primary day, Peter Umeadi—former Chief Judge of Anambra State—was the sole presidential candidate and was nominated by voice vote.[321] Abdullahi Muhammed Koli, a labour union activist from Bauchi State, was announced as Umeadi's vice presidential running mate on 12 June.[322]

APGA primary results[321]
Party Candidate Votes %
APGA Peter Umeadi Voice vote 100.00%
Total votes 150 100.00%
Turnout 150 100.00%
Boot Party

The Boot Party nominated Sunday Adenuga and Mustapha Usman Turaki as the party's presidential and vice presidential nominee, respectively.

Labour Party

In 2021, a number of politicians and activists led by Patrick Utomi, Attahiru Jega, and Femi Falana announced an effort to find a party to lead a "Third Force" alliance in an attempt to unseat the APC and the PDP.[323] After a number of delays, in May 2022, the group adopted the Labour Party as its platform with hopes of forming an alliance with a number of other smaller parties.[324][325][326][327] The party received another boost when former Governor of Anambra State Peter Obi joined the party in May 2022 to continue his presidential campaign after leaving the PDP.[328] Obi was welcomed into the party by its leadership which also used the announcement to attack the APC and PDP as well as commit to the party manifesto.[329] However, the party had to contend with deep divisions as a factional crisis from 2018 is still in the courts.[330]

The Labour Party initially scheduled its primary for 3 June but rescheduled it for 30 May.[331][282] It set the price for expression of interest and nomination forms at ₦30 million. On the day of the primary, 104 delegates gathered in Asaba for the primary but no election was needed as three of four candidates—Utomi, Olubusola Emmanuel-Tella, and Joseph Faduri—withdrew in favour of Obi. Obi then won the primary unanimously with only a sole invalid vote not going for him. In his acceptance speech, he promised to revolutionize the nation economically and mobilize an effective general election campaign.[5][332] A few days after the primary, the other Labour faction held its own parallel primary but INEC recognized the Obi-won election.[333] On 17 June, the party submitted the name of Doyin Okupe—a physician and former PDP candidate who became the Director-General of the Obi Campaign Organisation—as a placeholder vice presidential nominee to be substituted for someone else at a later date.[8] On 7 July, Okupe formally withdrew ahead of the announcement of Obi's substantive running mate.[334] The next day, Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed—a businessman who previously served as Senator for Kaduna North—was announced as the party's vice presidential nominee.[10] Analysts noted the regional balance of the ticket as Baba-Ahmed is a northerner but questioned his electoral experience as he has not won an election since 2011; at the same time, pundits said his prominent Zaria-based family and technocratic image could help Obi.[335][336] Peter Obi's running mate, Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed, in November 2011, called for LGBTQ within the society to be killed, whilst debating the levity of punishment contained in the proposed bill to criminalise such relationships, in a Senate session[337][338][339]

LP primary results[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
LP Peter Obi 96 100.00%
Total votes 96 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 1 N/A
Turnout 97 93.27%
National Rescue Movement

The National Rescue Movement scheduled its primary for 1 and 2 June;[282] setting its expression of interest form price at ₦1.5 million and nomination form price at ₦17.5 million with a 50% discount for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[340] At the primary, Okwudili Nwa-Anyajike—a businessman—defeated seven other candidates to win the nomination by a margin of over 60% of the vote.[341] However, when INEC released its provisional nominee list, Nwa-Anyajike had been substituted for Felix Johnson Osakwe—a withdrawn AA presidential candidate; Nwa-Anyajike and other party members allege that Osakwe colluded with a portion of NRM leadership to forge Nwa-Anyajike's withdrawal and substitute Osakwe as the nominee.[342] When the INEC final nominee list was released in September, Osakwe's name remained as the party presidential nominee with Yahaya Muhammad Kyabo as vice presidential nominee.[343]

Candidates' vote share

  Okwudili Nwa-Anyajike (78.26%)
  Benedicta Egbo (14.78%)
  Other candidates (6.96%)
NRM primary results[341]
Party Candidate Votes %
NRM Okwudili Nwa-Anyajike 180 78.26%
NRM Benedicta Egbo 34 14.78%
NRM Ibrahim Yunusa 10 4.35%
NRM Vincent Anthony Ubani 2 0.87%
NRM Sam Emiaso 1 0.43%
NRM Barry Avotu Johnson (withdrawn) 1 0.43%
NRM Emeka Mandela Ukaegbu 1 0.43%
NRM Solomon Uchenna Winning 1 0.43%
NRM Francis Ikechukwu Igbo (withdrawn) 0 0.00%
Total votes 230 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 10 N/A
Turnout 240 100.00%
New Nigeria Peoples Party

In early 2022, former Governor of Kano State Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso and many of his allies defected from the PDP to join the NNPP.[344] Within a few weeks, a number of other politicians (mainly from the North, especially Kano State) joined the party and Kwankwaso was named national leader of the party in preparation for his presidential campaign.[345][346][347]

The New Nigeria Peoples Party initially scheduled its primary for 1 and 2 June 2022 before pushing it back to 8 June.[282] To elect delegates for the primary, ward and local government congresses were set for 22 and 25 April, respectively. The expression of interest form price was set at ₦10 million and the nomination form price at ₦20 million with those forms being sold from 10 to 15 April.[348]

Ahead of the primary, the party attempted to woo Peter Obi to be Kwankwaso's running mate but he instead went to the Labour Party;[349][350] as an alternative, presidential candidate Olufemi Ajadi stepped down and agreed to be Kwankwaso's running mate.[351] Ajadi's withdrawal left Kwankwaso unopposed in the primary.[352] On 8 June, Kwankwaso won the nomination by voice vote at the primary in Velodrome of the Moshood Abiola National Stadium.[353][6] The party would later nominate Ladipo Johnson instead of Ajadi as a placeholder vice presidential nominee while negotiations with the Labour Party resumed.[354][355] After the negotiations failed, Isaac Idahosa—a Lagos-based pastor originally from Edo State—was named as the substantive vice presidential nominee on 14 July.[356]

NNPP primary results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
New Nigeria Peoples Party Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso Voice vote 100.00%
Total votes N/A 100.00%
Turnout 774 100.00%
People's Redemption Party

Candidates' vote share

  Kola Abiola (59.88%)
  Usman Bugaje (23.22%)
  Patience Key (9.39%)
  Gboluga Mosugu (7.51%)

The People's Redemption Party first scheduled its primary for 28 May but moved it to 4 and 5 June;[282] setting its expression of interest form price at ₦500,000 and its nomination form price at ₦10 million with a 50% discount for women candidates and free nomination forms for candidates with disabilities.[357] In the primary, Kola Abiola—businessman and the son of former president-elect M. K. O. Abiola—defeated three other candidates to win the nomination by a margin of over 37% of the vote.[358] Unlike other parties' presidential primaries, the PRP had delegates vote from their state events instead of holding one central primary. In the weeks after the primary, Ribi Marshal was nominated as the party's vice presidential nominee; he was replaced by Haro Haruna Zego in the final INEC nominee list.[343]

PRP primary results[358]
Party Candidate Votes %
PRP Kola Abiola 2,097 59.88%
PRP Usman Bugaje 813 23.22%
PRP Patience Key 329 9.39%
PRP Gboluga Mosugu 263 7.51%
Total votes 3,502 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 158 N/A
Turnout 3,660 100.00%
Social Democratic Party

The Social Democratic Party initially scheduled its primary for 28 to 30 May 2022 but one faction instead scheduled its primary for 8 June while another faction held its primary on 31 May. Ward/LGA and state congresses were set for 19 and 20 May, respectively, to elect delegates for the primary.[359][360] The party set its expression of interest form price at ₦3 million and its nomination form price at ₦32 million with a 50% discount for youth and free forms for women and candidates with disabilities.[361]

The months prior to the SDP primary were beset by a party crisis as two groups both claimed to be the legitimate party organization.[362][363] On 31 May, the Supo Shonibare-led faction held its primary and nominated Ebenezer Ikeyina—former Senator for Anambra Central—unopposed.[364][365][366] On 8 June, the Olu Agunloye-led faction held its primary at the Abuja International Conference Centre and nominated Adewole Adebayo—a lawyer and media mogul—by a wide margin over his sole opponent, Khadijah Okunnu-Lamidi.[367] Adebayo's nomination was recognized by INEC as he and his vice presidential running mate—Yusuf Buhari—were placed on the final nominee list.[343]

SDP (Shonibare faction) invalid primary results[364]
Party Candidate Votes %
SDP Ebenezer Ikeyina 308 99.35%
SDP Against Ebenezer Ikeyina 2 0.65%
Total votes 310 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 1 N/A
Turnout 311 100.00%
SDP (Agunloye faction) primary results[367]
Party Candidate Votes %
SDP Adewole Adebayo 1,546 94.90%
SDP Khadijah Okunnu-Lamidi 83 5.10%
Total votes 1,629 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes 44 N/A
Turnout 1,673 97.84%
Young Progressives Party

The Young Progressives Party initially scheduled its primary for 1 June before moving it to 8 June.[282] It was won by Malik Ado-Ibrahim, the founder of the Reset Nigeria Initiative and son of Ohinoyi of Ebiraland Abdul Rahman Ado Ibrahim, by a large margin over Ruby Isaac.[368] In his acceptance speech, Ado-Ibrahim vowed to unify Nigerians and provide basic services.[369] Kasarachi Enyinna was nominated as the party's vice presidential nominee.

YPP primary results[368]
Party Candidate Votes %
YPP Malik Ado-Ibrahim 66 94.29%
YPP Ruby Isaac 4 5.71%
Total votes 70 100.00%
Turnout 70 94.59%
Zenith Labour Party[h]

The then-Zenith Labour Party[h] initially scheduled its primary for 1 June before moving it to 8 June;[282] setting its expression of interest form price at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦18 million with free forms for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[371] At the primary, Dan Nwanyanwu—the party national chairman—won the nomination on the same day that the party name was changed to the Zenith Progressives Alliance.[370] Ramalan Abubakar was nominated as the party's vice presidential nominee.

Conduct

[edit]

Electoral timetable

[edit]

On 26 February 2022, the Independent National Electoral Commission released a timetable, setting out key dates and deadlines for the election.[1] Months later on 27 May 2022, INEC made a slight revision to the timetable, allowing parties extra time to conduct primaries.[372]

  • 28 February 2022 – Publication of Notice of Election
  • 4 April 2022 – First day for the conduct of party primaries
  • 9 June 2022[i] – Final day for the conduct of party primaries, including the resolution of disputes arising from them
  • 10 June 2022 – First day for submission of nomination forms to INEC via the online portal
  • 17 June 2022 – Final day for submission of nomination forms to INEC via the online portal
  • 28 September 2022 – Commencement of the official campaign period
  • 23 February 2023 – Final day of the official campaign period
  • 25 February 2023 – Election day

Recognized parties and nominees

[edit]

After the 2019 elections, INEC deregistered 74 political parties for failing to "satisfy the requirements" of continued registration based on their performances during the elections.[373][374][375] The move, which was unsuccessfully challenged in court several times from 2019 to 2022, left the nation with 18 political parties: Accord, the Action Alliance, the Action Democratic Party, the Action Peoples Party, the African Action Congress, the African Democratic Congress, the Allied Peoples Movement, the All Progressives Congress, the All Progressives Grand Alliance, the Boot Party, the Labour Party, the New Nigeria Peoples Party, the National Rescue Movement, the Peoples Democratic Party, the People's Redemption Party, the Social Democratic Party, the Young Progressives Party, and the Zenith Progressives Alliance. In March 2022, INEC announced that no new parties would be registered before the 2023 elections.[376]

Parties were required to submit their presidential and vice presidential nominees between 10 and 17 June 2022.[372][377] On 25 June, INEC released the provisional list of most recognized presidential and vice presidential nominees.[378] The final list was released on 20 September.[343]

2023 Presidential nominees
Party Ticket
Presidential nominee Vice Presidential nominee
Accord Christopher Imumolen Bello Bala Maru
Action Alliance Hamza al-Mustapha Chukwuka Johnson
Action Democratic Party Yabagi Sani Udo Okey-Okoro
Action Peoples Party Osita Nnadi Isa Hamisu
African Action Congress Omoyele Sowore Haruna Garba Magashi
African Democratic Congress Dumebi Kachikwu Ahmed Buhari
All Progressives Congress Bola Tinubu Kashim Shettima
All Progressives Grand Alliance Peter Umeadi Abdullahi Muhammed Koli
Allied Peoples Movement Princess Chichi Ojei Ibrahim Mohammed
Boot Party Sunday Adenuga Mustapha Usman Turaki
Labour Party Peter Obi Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed
National Rescue Movement Felix Johnson Osakwe Yahaya Muhammad Kyabo
New Nigeria Peoples Party Rabiu Kwankwaso Isaac Idahosa
People's Redemption Party Kola Abiola Haro Haruna Zego
Peoples Democratic Party Atiku Abubakar Ifeanyi Okowa
Social Democratic Party Adewole Adebayo Yusuf Buhari
Young Progressives Party Malik Ado-Ibrahim Kasarachi Enyinna
Zenith Labour Party[h] Dan Nwanyanwu Ramalan Abubakar

Election administration

[edit]

Primary and post-primary period

[edit]

Party primaries are administered by the parties themselves but must be monitored by Independent National Electoral Commission observers and fall inside the scheduled primary period set by INEC. The commission released the timetable in February 2022 with a final date of 3 June 2022 for party primaries; as this date neared, parties repeatedly asked INEC to extend the deadline by two months.[379] After several refusals, INEC agreed to a shorter extension of six days to 9 June but the decision proved controversial as pundits noted that the PDP was about to hold its primary while the APC had not even screened its candidates.[380][381] Further criticism arose because INEC initially did not also extend the voter registration deadline in kind.[382][383]

After the primaries, focus shifted to voter registration and the logistical issues surrounding it. Due to years of IPOB attacks on southeastern INEC offices, the commission's capacity in the region was low in 2022 while in Lagos, a registration drive by market traders in June 2022 that overwhelmed an INEC centre also drew the commission's registration capability into question as the deadline neared.[384][385] In the wake of the incidents, INEC deployed extra registration machines to Lagos State, Kano State, and some southeastern states.[386] Around the same time, INEC hinted at a potential extension of the registration deadline before a court ruling later in June pushed back the deadline anyway.[387][388][389] In compliance with the ruling, INEC set the new deadline for 31 July while simultaneously extending daily registration hours from six to eight.[390] Ahead of the deadline, eleven states declared public holidays for voter registration in an attempt to increase public participation in the political process.[391] After the deadline passed, INEC announced that nearly 12.3 million new voters registered during the exercise.[392][393] 8.75 million of the new voters were younger than 34, a percentage noted as a potential sign of increased youth participation ahead of the election.[394] After the registration drive, the total registered voters number was about 96.2 million with the North-West and South-West geopolitical zones having the most voters.[395]

As the official campaign period neared, INEC focused on direct public communication and formed the Election Crisis Communication Team in late August. During the team inauguration, commissioner Festus Okoye stated that the group's formation was initiated by the Centre for Democracy and Development to combat misinformation and inform the public on key events to the public; Okoye also said that the commission was in the process of training staff to work polling units.[396] Focus shifted back to registration afterwards, with INEC delisting over 1.1 million invalid registrants in mid-September.[397][398] Among the final pre-campaign period procedures was the 20 September release of the nominee list along with the reiteration of the timetable.[343]

Campaign period

[edit]

The official campaign period began on 28 September 2022 and will end on 23 February 2023.[372] At the start of the campaign period, reports noted the pressure placed on INEC from voters, misinformation, and political parties.[399]

In late October, the commission again announced mass delisting of invalid registrants with 2.78 million enrollees (including the prior 1.1 million invalid registrants) being removed from the list due to double registration, underaged registration, and other issues. At the same event, INEC chairman Mahmood Yakubu also revealed that the preliminary total valid registrant number was about 93.52 million.[400] In accordance with law, INEC posted registries in each local ward but also released the full registrant list online, asking for the public to help scrutinize the list. Amid the public clamor to inspect the list, thousands of public reports showed clearly underage children as registrants—in response, INEC thanked public investigators then vowed to remove ineligible registrants and prosecute complicit officials.[401]

As campaigning escalated in late 2022, fears rose over electoral violence based on ethnic, regional, and religious sentiments as candidates and their surrogates began extensively using identity politics during campaigning.[402] Similarly, fears rose over media campaign and election coverage and its effects on public discourse; while certain outlets were criticized for biases, other groups were praised for advancing election coverage as Stears Business published the first live election tracker in November.[403][404]

Total registered voters by state as of January 2023[405]

In terms of election security, a series of attacks on INEC offices in Imo State in December 2022 led to further domestic and international concern despite assurances from security forces that the election would be nonviolent.[406][407] In the wake of the attacks, the Centre for Democracy and Development called for conflict sensitive media reporting on the election to avoid further violence.[408] In accompaniment with concern over violence, renewed fear of hate speech (especially online) began as the election neared and politicians increasingly employed it as a campaign tactic.[409][410][411]

Aside from direct threats to the elections, INEC also raised the alarm about vote-buying to manipulate results as the practice had greatly impacted elections in 2021 and 2022. In a reported attempt to combat vote-buying, the Central Bank redesigned the 200, 500, and 1,000 naira notes in October 2022 and removed older notes from circulation. The move prevented parties from using pre-gathered cash that was attended to be distributed for vote-buying as the elections neared.[412] However, the new policy and its sudden announcement was very controversial, especially as Central Bank Governor Godwin Emefiele—who fled into self-imposed exile in late 2022—refused to personally explain the move to the National Assembly.[413][414] For the part of INEC, the commission vowed to prevent vote-buying despite previous failed reforms while civil society groups noted that vote-buying was just one of a number of potential manipulation tactics, with YIAGA Africa releasing a report detailing electoral malpractice risk factors by state.[415][416][417]

As sporadic attacks on southeastern INEC offices continued into the new year, a commission official warned that the election could be forced into postponement if the attacks were not stopped.[418] Although the comment was quickly retracted and the commission promised to hold the election as scheduled, concerns continued considering the deadly attacks—like previous southeastern attacks on INEC, experts stated that the attacks were most likely conducted by violent secessionist groups attempting to "delegitimise the electoral process and boost their separatist agenda."[419][420] The attacks continued until the election, as did concerns that the election would be postponed at the last moment.[421][422][423]

Amid swirling doubts over the election proceeding, INEC released new voter registration data in mid-January 2023. The statistics totaled to 93,469,008 eligible voters after the commission reviewed challenges to over 50,000 registrants in addition to removing more instances of double and underage registration. While there was data on occupation and disability plus a sizeable gender gap—over 4.6 million more men registered than women, focus was mainly directed at the increased youth registration with nearly 40% of all voters being between the ages of 18 and 34. Geographic data showed fairly stark contrasts between regions as the North-West and South-West led in total voters while the North East and South East trailed behind.[405] Around the same time, INEC twice extended the deadline for PVC collection in wake of public calls for an extension.[424][425] A few weeks after the final deadline elapsed, the commission released Permanent Voter Card collection statistics on 23 February that showed a total of 87,209,007 voters (93.3% of all registered voters) had collected their PVCs.[426] In the final days of the campaign period, INEC vowed that the election would be free, safe, secure, timely, and transparent with hundreds of thousands of security personnel, 229 foreign and domestic observer groups, and thousands of INEC staffers.[427][428]

Election day and collation period

[edit]

On election day, widespread reports of delayed starts to voting emerged with YIAGA Africa estimating that only 41% of polling units had commenced voting by 9:30 am, an hour after voting was scheduled to start.[429] Similarly, SBM Intelligence reported that only 41.3% of polling units had opened on time while Nigeria Civil Society Situation Room data claimed less than 30% of units had started by 8:30 am, with other reports claiming that the currency crisis had precluded INEC from paying cash to transporters prior to election day which led some drivers to refuse to convey INEC materials or personnel.[430] SBM also noted that turnout was high and there were relatively few violent incidents nationwide while some groups observed newly adapted vote buying efforts due to the currency crisis like bribing using West African CFA francs or non-monetary inducements.[431][432][433] However, there were notable reports of violence in certain areas, most notably in Lagos State where thugs alleged to be aligned with the APC targeted predominantly ethnic minority areas.[434] Additionally, several attacks on journalists by unknown assailants or even security personnel occurred throughout election day.[435][436][437][438][439][440][441] Although INEC chairman Mahmood Yakubu acknowledged several problems at his 1 pm briefing and called on voters to stay at polling units, civil groups called on INEC to extend voting past the 2:30 pm deadline.[442][443][444] The first announced postponements came later in the day when INEC suspended voting in 141 Bayelsa State units where there were disruptions, rescheduling the voting for 26 February.[445] INEC later extended voting to the next day in parts of Cross River State and Kogi State as well.[446]

European Union Observation Mission Preliminary Statement

According to the findings of EU EOM observers, election day was marked by late deployment and opening while polling procedures were not always followed. Polling staff struggled to complete result forms, which were not posted publicly in most polling units observed.

European External Action Service

Later in the day, focus turned to turnout and results collation. On turnout, SBM Intelligence released a state-by-state turnout projection, estimating that overall turnout had risen compared to 2019 and that everywhere but Kwara and Ogun had turnout higher than 30%.[447] Although INEC had announced that collation centres would only open at noon on 26 February, the commission had long promised to upload polling unit results to its INEC result viewing portal (IReV) on election day; however, no results were uploaded for most of the day, leading to protests by the civil society groups and online citizens.[448][449][450] The Obi campaign also decried the lack of uploads, claiming the act drew the election's fairness into doubt and noting that legislative results had already been uploaded;[451] Labour Party Chairman Julius Abure went as far to claim that compromised or threatened INEC officials were holding back results from Obi-supporting areas of Lagos and Delta states.[452] Around 10:45 pm on the night of 25 February, INEC finally began uploading data to the portal.[453]

By 6 am on 26 February, only about 10% of polling unit results had been uploaded as journalists noted the rising potential for further doubt in election credibility due to the delay.[454] Later in the morning, voting in rescheduled units commenced while newly released civil society reports commended voters but decried suppression and poor administration.[455][456][457][458][459][460][461] By the opening of the national collation centre around 1 pm, more results had been uploaded but no full state results were communicated at the centre yet.[462] Meanwhile, INEC released a statement that blamed "technical hitches" for the delayed uploads of results in the wake of further protests by both the PDP and LP.[463][464][465] By the end of the day, only Ekiti State results were announced at the national centre while the results in Osun and Ondo were announced at the state collation centres but did not reach the national centre before it closed for the day. On the other hand, voting was further postponed in some areas, with significant controversy surrounding the election in Abia State and its INEC administrators.[466]

Nigeria Labour Congress statement

The inability of INEC to prevent the recurrence in this election of the ills of past elections speaks volume of its ill-preparedness for this election as can be demonstrated in the late arrivals of critical election materials to the Polling Units and the almost deliberate tampering of the BVAS in many Polling Units including the outright refusal of its operatives to upload results from the BVAS to the INEC Servers in total violation of the Rule of the election and INEC's own election guidelines.

Nigeria Labour Congress

On 27 February, criticism of INEC continued with international observers and the Nigeria Labour Congress lambasting the commission's lack of transparency amidst the delays.[467][468][469][470] Similarly, agents of political parties (notably including PDP and LP agents) at the national collation centre protested the prolonged delay in uploading results on iReV, even in states where final results had been announced along with discrepancies in result totals.[471] Meanwhile, final results came in from Adamawa, Enugu, Gombe, Katsina, Kwara, Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, and Yobe by the afternoon. However, the collation centre protests culminated in an agent walkout by the representatives of the LP and PDP alongside multiple other parties' agents.[472][473]

By the early morning of 28 February, more results were reported from Akwa Ibom, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Cross River, Delta, the Federal Capital Territory, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Nasarawa, Niger, Plateau, Sokoto, and Zamfara. However, criticism of the process from domestic and international observers continued, with the European Union observer mission noting "lack of transparency and operational failures" that "reduced trust in the process" while other groups echoed similar displeasure.[25][474] These reports, along with further disputes over the process, led the campaigns of Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso to fully reject the results of the election on 28 February and call for a new election to be conducted.[13][21][22][27]

Regardless of protests, Yakubu continued accepting state-by-state results throughout 28 February and into the early hours of 1 March; in this time, the remaining states reported vote totals: Abia, Anambra, Borno, Ebonyi, Edo, Imo, Kebbi, Kogi, and Taraba in addition to notably including the heavily disputed results from Rivers State. After the state results were reported and accepted by the national collation centre, Yakubu stated "Tinubu Bola Ahmed of the APC, having satisfied the requirements of the law is hereby declared the winner and returned elected" in the early morning of 1 March.[475] All three major opposing campaigns rejected and vowed to challenge the results.

Campaign

[edit]

Issues

[edit]
Main article: Issues in the 2023 Nigerian presidential election
In the wake of party primaries, several major factors for the upcoming general election campaign were noted, namely: ethnic and religious identity, the role of Buhari and his incumbency power, the economy, corruption, the personal brands of candidates, and public anger with the political status quo.[476] Ahead of the official campaign period, major candidates were to release their policy documents: Abubakar did so in late May but Obi and Tinubu did not unveil their policy documents until after the campaign period commenced in September 2022 with Tinubu releasing his manifesto in mid-October and Obi releasing his manifesto in early December. As the campaign developed, other issues like climate change and sports development rose to prominence.[477][478] However, civil society reports from January 2023 claimed that the majority of campaigning was not based on policy issues as personality politics, identity politics, and negative campaigning overtook policy discussion.[479]

Timeline

[edit]

Pre-campaign period

[edit]
  • 28 April 2021: The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) announces 18 February 2023 as the election day.[480]
  • 10 November 2021: APGA nominee Charles Chukwuma Soludo is declared winner of the off-cycle Anambra State gubernatorial election that took place on 6 November; the PDP and APC nominees come distant second and third places, respectively.[481]
  • 28 January 2022: Then-aspirant Bola Tinubu goes to London, reportedly on a medical trip; the trip comes just a few months after Tinubu returned from a three-month medical stay in the United Kingdom.[482]
  • 26 February 2022: INEC revises the election date, moving the election to 25 February 2023 and releasing the rest of the electoral timetable.[1]
  • 16 March 2022: The Peoples Democratic Party announces its primary schedule, setting 28 and 29 May as its primary days.[220]
  • 20 April 2022: The All Progressives Congress announces its primary schedule, setting 30 May and 1 June as its primary days.[91]
  • 12 May 2022: In the wake of the Lynching of Deborah Yakubu, then-aspirant Atiku Abubakar is heavily criticized for deleting a tweet condemning the murder.[483]
  • 25 May 2022:
  • 27 May 2022: INEC slightly revises its electoral timetable, allowing parties an extra six days to conduct primaries.[69]
  • 28 May 2022:
  • 30 May 2022: The LP holds its primary in Asaba, nominating Obi unopposed.[5]
  • 7 and 8 June 2022: The APC holds its primary in Abuja, nominating former Governor of Lagos State Bola Tinubu over Rotimi Amaechi, Yemi Osinbajo, and eleven other candidates.[4]
  • 16 June 2022: Abubakar picks Ifeanyi Okowa—the Governor of Delta State—as the PDP vice presidential nominee.[7]
  • 17 June 2022:
    • Tinubu picks Kabir Ibrahim Masari—a party operative—as the APC placeholder vice presidential nominee to be substituted for someone else at a later date.[9]
    • Obi picks Doyin Okupe—the Obi campaign manager—as the LP placeholder vice presidential nominee to be substituted for someone else at a later date.[8]
  • 18 June 2022: Rabiu Kwankwaso, the New Nigeria Peoples Party presidential nominee and the former Governor of Kano State, and Okupe both announce productive discussions between minor parties on forming a coalition for the elections.[486][487]
  • 19 June 2022: APC nominee Abiodun Oyebanji is declared winner of the off-cycle Ekiti State gubernatorial election that took place the day before; the PDP nominee comes a distant third place.[488]
  • 24 June 2022: Documentation submitted by Tinubu to INEC is released, revealing that he did not state the primary or secondary school he attended. The new form reignited the longtime certificate and personal history controversies around Tinubu as the form was in direct contradiction with previous sworn forms and public statements.[489][490][491]
  • 5 July 2022: Okupe announces that LP-NNPP coalition talks have collapsed.[492]
  • 7 July 2022: Okupe formally withdraws as LP vice presidential nominee.[334]
  • 8 July 2022: Obi picks Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed—former Senator for Kaduna North—as the substantive LP vice presidential nominee.[10]
  • 10 July 2022:
  • 14 July 2022: Abubakar returns to Nigeria after spending weeks abroad on an undisclosed trip.[493]
  • 17 July 2022: PDP nominee Ademola Adeleke is declared winner of the off-cycle Osun State gubernatorial election that took place the day before, gaining the office for the party; the APC nominee comes a close second place.[494]
  • 20 July 2022: The appearance of people wearing liturgical garments at the formal Shettima nomination rally leads to controversy as the APC claims the people are clergy while Christian groups and activists mock the group as paid actors without genuine congregations.[495][496][497][498]
  • 1 August 2022: After the end of the voter registration period the day before, INEC announces nearly 12.3 million new registered voters.[392]
  • 15 September 2022: The first public presidential poll is released. Conducted by NOI Polls for the Anap Foundation, the results show Obi in a slight lead at 21% with Tinubu and Abubakar close behind at 13% each.[499]
  • 20 September 2022:
    • Ezenwo Nyesom Wike (PDP)—Governor of Rivers State and runner-up in the PDP presidential primary—withdraws from the Abubakar campaign along with several of his allies. The grouping,[j] which had been feuding with Abubakar for months, announced their refusal to assist the PDP presidential campaign until PDP chairman Iyorchia Ayu—an Abubakar ally from Benue State—left his position in favor of a southerner.[500]
    • INEC releases the final list of recognized presidential and vice presidential nominees.[343]

Campaign period

[edit]
  • 28 September 2022:
    • Official campaign period commences.[501]
    • The PDP Presidential Campaign Council (composition) is inaugurated at the formal commencement of the Abubakar campaign.[502]
  • 29 September 2022: Most candidates along with parties' chairmen sign a peace accord in Abuja; Tinubu is absent and sends Shettima as his representative.
  • 6 October 2022: Tinubu returns to Nigeria after spending over a week abroad on an undisclosed trip.[503]
  • 15 October 2022: Abubakar says that 'northerners do not need Yoruba or Igbo candidates' at an event. The comment is heavily criticized by civil society organisations and opposing campaigns for stoking ethnic divisions.[504]
  • 21 October 2022: Tinubu releases his eight-point policy agenda along with his full manifesto before the revised APC Presidential Campaign Council (composition) is inaugurated at the formal commencement of his campaign.[505][506]
  • 28 October 2022: The revised LP Presidential Campaign Council (composition) is inaugurated.[507]
  • 29 October 2022: A rally in Lafia marks the formal commencement of the Obi campaign.[508]
  • 6 November 2022: The first multi-candidate presidential town hall is hosted by Arise News and the Centre for Democracy and Development; while Obi and Kwankwaso attend, Abubakar was represented by Okowa and Tinubu declined to attend.[k][509]
  • 8 November 2022: News outlets publish newly certified United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois' documents outlining Tinubu's forfeiture of $460,000 alleged to be the proceeds of drug dealing in 1993.[510]
  • 14 November 2022: The second multi-candidate presidential town hall is hosted by Arise News and the Centre for Democracy and Development for minor candidates; four candidates attended: Omoyele Sowore (AAC), Yabagi Sani (ADP), Peter Umeadi (APGA), and Adewole Adebayo (SDP).[511]
  • 18 November 2022: A poll on rural communities is released by Nextier; the results show Obi leading at 40% with Abubakar in second at 27%, Tinubu in third at 20%, and Kwankwaso in fourth at 5%.[512]
  • 20 November 2022: Wike and four other allied PDP governors[l] form the "Integrity Group" at a meeting in Lagos, continuing the anti-Abubakar movement within the PDP.[513]
  • 3 December 2022: Obi releases his seven policy priorities along with his full manifesto.[514]
  • 4 December 2022: The third multi-candidate presidential town hall is hosted by Arise News and the Centre for Democracy and Development with Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso in attendance; days prior Tinubu had announced his boycott due to alleged media bias against him.[515]
  • 12 December 2022: An attack on an INEC office in Owerri is repulsed, but a police officer is killed along with three assailants.[516] It is the third attack on INEC installations in Imo State since the start of the month, amidst rising concerns over violence during the electoral process.[406][409]
  • 20 December 2022: Okupe resigns as Obi campaign director-general a day after being convicted for money laundering in connection to the 2015 Dasukigate scandal.[517][518]
  • 8 January 2023: Audio alleged to be of Abubakar from June 2018 is released by his former aide Mike Achimugu. In the recording, Abubakar describes the methods he and then-President Olusegun Obasanjo used to siphon public funds during their 1999—2007 administration.[519]
  • 11 January 2023:
    • INEC vows to hold the elections as scheduled, a day after a commission official warned that the elections could be postponed if the wave of attacks on INEC offices was not abated.[419][418][420]
    • INEC releases the final voter registration statistics, with a total of 93,469,008 eligible voters.[405]
  • 7 February 2023: Stears releases the results of its national poll in accompaniment with a predictive model; results show Obi in the lead but with the caveat that Obi's lead would grow if turnout was high while Tinubu would lead if turnout was low.[520]
  • 9 February 2023: The National Universities Commission orders the closure of all universities from 22 February to 14 March, a move intended to both allow students to return home to vote and assuage concerns about university safety in case of election turmoil.[521]
  • 22 February 2023: Candidates along with other notable political figures sign a peace accord in Abuja.[522]
  • 23 February 2023:
    • INEC releases the Permanent Voter Card collection statistics, with a total of 87,209,007 voters (93.3% of all registered voters) having collected their PVCs by the end of the collection window.[426]
    • Official campaign period ends.

Summary

[edit]

Pre-campaign period

[edit]

For both nominees of the major party, the early parts of the general election campaign in June and July 2022 were dominated by attempts to unify their parties amid the search for a running mate. For Tinubu, the selection of Ibrahim Masari as a placeholder running mate in mid-June bought the APC several weeks to continue party reconciliation efforts as controversy swirled over the religious affiliation of Tinubu's potential running mates.[523][524] On the other hand, Abubakar had to contend with a burgeoning party crisis as allies of Governor Nyesom Wike—first runner up in the PDP primary—began to publicly protest against the perceived disrespect towards Wike; their protests centered around Abubakar's disregard for a party committee recommendation of Wike for the vice presidential nomination but some PDP figures also objected to Abubakar in general due to the violation of zoning. The upheaval reached the point of Wike allies publicly questioning if they would support Abubakar and privately threatening to leave the party while national party chairman Iyorchia Ayu's neutrality was questioned and Abubakar himself spent weeks abroad in the midst of the crisis.[525][526][527] As the PDP desperately attempted to reconcile Wike and Abubakar, Obi and Kwankwaso held meetings with Wike in an attempt to bring him into their respective parties.[528][529][530][531] These meetings took place as representatives of Obi and Kwankwaso were also meeting in an attempt to form a NNPP-LP coalition; however, these negotiations were derailed in early July when Kwankwaso publicly refused to be Obi's vice presidential running mate on the grounds that northerners would not vote for a southeasterner.[532][533] A few days later, Obi's campaign announced that the coalition discussions had failed and that the campaign had shifted towards the search for a vice presidential nominee which ended in the selection of Baba-Ahmed.[492] As the LP ticket constituted, the PDP crisis continued as Wike publicly met with several APC governors on 8 July while Abubakar extended his stay abroad despite the party infighting, Eid al-Kabir, and the Osun gubernatorial election campaign in mid-July.[534][535][536] For Tinubu, when he finally selected Shettima as his running mate on 10 July, immediate blowback confronted his campaign amid accusations of religious intolerance for the Muslim-Muslim ticket with even some other APC members condemning the ticket.[134][537] Later in July, Abubakar returned to the nation while Tinubu was in a difficult position as backlash against the APC ticket continued and his relative—incumbent Osun Governor Gboyega Oyetola—lost to PDP nominee Ademola Adeleke in the Osun gubernatorial election;[493][538] similarly, questions emerged over Labour's weak showings in both Osun and Ekiti.[539] Takeaways from the gubernatorial election focused on the potential impact of the PDP's victory on the presidential race and the extremely successful election administration from INEC.[540] To make matters worse for the Tinubu campaign, the appearance of people wearing liturgical garments of various Christian denominations at Shettima's nomination rally on 20 July led to further backlash since observers noted the group's lack of identification and the Christian Association of Nigeria publicly challenged the APC to name the supposed clergy.[495][496][497]

By late July and early August, Tinubu and Abubakar continued to face high-profile dissent from within their own parties as prominent northern Christian APC members—like former Secretary to the Government of the Federation Babachir David Lawal and former Speaker of the House of Representatives Yakubu Dogara—publicly condemned the same religion APC ticket while Wike and his allies continued their public criticism of Abubakar and PDP leadership.[541][542][543][544][545][546] In response, Tinubu appointed Governor of Plateau State Simon Lalong—a northern Christian—as the Director-General of his Campaign Council while in early August, Abubakar and Wike finally met for the first time since Okowa's selection and agreed on a reconciliation framework.[547][548][549][550][551][552][553] However, both the APC and PDP backslid into their respective crises as protests against the APC ticket drew thousands and it continued to come under fire from prominent northern Christians while the opposing camps within the PDP had returned to public squabbling by mid-August.[554][555][556][557][558] Around the same time, voter registration ended with analysts noting its effect on the race as a whole.[559] The rest of August was dominated by notable meetings as Wike meet with both Tinubu and Obi before another reconciliatory summit with Abubakar;[560][561][562] while pundits speculated that Tinubu and Obi attempted to sway Wike to their camps, reporting on the series of Wike-Abubakar talks revealed some of Wike's demands with a focus on the resignation of PDP chairman Iyorchia Ayu.[563][564][565] The location of these meetings in London, England sparked controversy as critics labeled the location as insensitive to the plight of Nigerians domestically.[566][567] Around the same time, observers noted a potential opening for Kwankwaso but even his NNPP devolved into crisis in August as the PDP poached a key Kano State figure from the NNPP amid a threeway fight for the state's massive electorate.[568][569][570][571] Further reporting began to focus on specific states and regions as ThisDay analysis surmised that the PDP was strengthening in previously pro-Buhari states in the North West, the APC was retaining its prime position in the South West but the LP was growing among urban youth, it was Obi vs. Abubakar in the South South and South East, and the North Central was a tossup region.[572] In the weeks afterwards and as candidate profiles were released in preparation for the official campaign period's commencement at the end of September, the PDP desperately attempted to end its crisis by having two northerners holding prominent internal party positions be replaced by southerners but as Ayu remained in office as chairman, Wike continued his public indignation before he and his allies[j] announced their withdrawal from PDP campaigning on 20 September until Ayu left office.[573][574][575][500] Due to the PDP infighting, pundits looking ahead to the campaign period began to speculate on the potential benefits for Tinubu and Obi as several Wike allies are influential in key states.[576][577] At the same time, the first public poll of the race was released with Obi in the lead;[499] although the campaigns of Abubakar and Tinubu dismissed the results, analysts noted enthusiasm among Obi's base due to his active campaigning as a potential reason for his lead considering both Abubakar and Tinubu devoted more effort to intraparty reconciliation from May to September.[578]

Campaign period

[edit]

At the end of September, the official campaign period began with the signing of a peace accord in Abuja by nearly all candidates along with parties' national chairmen; notably, Tinubu was absent with Shettima as his representative.[579][580] During the week, Abubakar and Tinubu formed their campaign councils amid controversy for both as the Wike dispute continued in the PDP while the composition of the APC campaign council led to internal disquiet.[581] For Obi, his campaign received another positive polling result as he led a Bloomberg News-commissioned poll by a massive margin;[582] he was also buoyed by significant nationwide support rallies on Independence Day but faced difficulties in campaign organizing as his manifesto and campaign council were delayed.[583][584][585] Overall, late September and early October was categorized similarly to the pre-campaign period time, with analysis repeatedly noting that Obi was solidifying support and enthusiasm while Abubakar and Tinubu were occupied trying to stop further intraparty rebellion.[m][584] However, Obi promptly faced scandal due to the controversial initial makeup of his campaign council which forced a retraction and review after backlash from supporters and the LP.[587][588] A few days later, the race was derailed by a video of Abubakar calling for northerners to reject Yoruba or Igbo candidates; the comment met with widespread condemnation by civil society organisations and opposing campaigns for stoking ethnic divisions.[504][589] Meanwhile, Tinubu and the APC revised their campaign council to address internal objections before holding a formal campaign commencement on 21 October where Buhari unveiled Tinubu's manifesto before inaugurating the campaign council.[590][591] Around the same time, campaigning focused on catastrophic nationwide floods with analysts noting that the floods had put more focus on climate change and wider environmental policy issues amid the campaign period.[592] Obi preparations concluded near the end of the month, as the revised LP campaign council was inaugurated on 28 October and the campaign's commencement rally held the next day.[507][508][593]

At the start of November, debates began with a series of multi-candidate town halls hosted by Arise News and the Centre for Democracy and Development commencing on 6 November; with a focus on security and the economy, the four most prominent candidates were invited—Abubakar, Kwankwaso, Obi, and Tinubu—but Abubakar sent Okowa as his proxy while Tinubu declined the invitation and was replaced by Kola Abiola, the nominee of the People's Redemption Party.[594][509] Amid the town halls, controversy swirled for Tinubu as the publication of certified documents from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois detailing his 1993 forfeiture of alleged drug dealing proceeds led to attacks from Obi and Abubakar while the Tinubu campaign claimed that the money was tax-related and analysts speculated on the documents' effect on voting intentions.[510][595][596] Meanwhile, Abubakar faced mixed news as the PDP crisis continued with Wike-led, anti-Abubakar PDP governors forming the "Integrity Group" and a rift forming with another incumbent governor in mid-November;[597][598][599][600] on the other hand, a northern APC dissenter group led by former House Speaker Yakubu Dogara endorsed Abubakar on 2 December.[601] Previously, Obi led another poll as a Nextier survey of rural communities released in mid-November showed him in the lead with over 40%.[512] At the beginning of December, various state LP chapters entered crisis but Obi avoided involvement and instead released his oft-delayed manifesto with seven key policy areas.[602][514][603][604] The manifesto release came just before another Arise-CDD town hall; however, Tinubu had announced his boycott of the event due to alleged media bias so only Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso attended on 4 December.[515]

Later in December, the Obi campaign was hit by a court ruling against its Director-General—Doyin Okupe, convicting him of money laundering in connection to the 2015 Dasukigate scandal.[517] Although Okupe appealed the judgment, the controversy led to his resignation from the campaign with journalist Akin Osuntokun replacing him.[518][605] Meanwhile, the reporting revealed that "Integrity Group" were deliberating over which candidate to endorse at their London meetings in late December;[606] a side attendee of the meetings—former President Olusegun Obasanjo—reportedly advised the group to endorse Obi, which Obasanjo himself later did in a public letter on New Year's Day.[607] Into the new year, analysis shifted to review the chances of each major candidate as the prospect of a runoff looked increasingly possible.[608] While pundits initially contended that Tinubu would benefit from the campaign support of Buhari and the "federal might" of his administration, questions arose over the relationship between Buhari and Tinubu after Buhari skipped several campaign events and defended the controversial new naira notes that Tinubu claimed were an attempt to disrupt his campaign.[609][610][611][612][613][614] For Abubakar, reporting focused on two corruption scandals along with his nationwide campaigning (especially in the North).[519][615][616] Observers reiterated that Kwankwaso had not appeared to make significant headway outside of his native North West while reports claimed Obi's chances were based on his campaign's ability to successfully turnout voters in the South East in addition to geographically broadening his support across the nation despite the lack of significant LP party structure.[615][617][618]

The final month of the campaign period was dominated by the naira crisis and its political implications.[619] The new banknote policy of Buhari and CBN Governor Godwin Emefiele was intended to curb vote buying ahead of the election but poor implementation led to shortages of the new currency.[620] Tinubu and several prominent APC figures publicly broke with Buhari for some of the first times over the policy, first suing to stop its enactment then lambasting the administration after Buhari stood by the policy.[621][622][623] For the PDP, the G5 failed to publicize their joint preferred candidate and appeared to split as Benue Governor Samuel Ortom endorsed Obi while Wike reportedly backed Tinubu.[624][625][626] For his part, Abubakar focused on his economic plans and national unity in his final campaign stops rather than party divisions.[627] Similarly, Obi rounded out the campaign with large rallies in Lagos that spotlighted his support of reforms to fight corruption and create jobs;[628] however, the events were marred by violence as mass coordinated attacks on LP supporters before the rallies reinforced fears of further violence on election day.[629] As the campaigns concluded, focus returned to polling as releases from Nextier, Stears, Premise Data for Bloomberg, NIO Polls for the Anap Foundation, and Redfield & Wilton Strategies all issued polls in the months of January and February that showed Obi in the lead and sparking discourse on the surge of polling compared to previous elections.[630][520][631][632][633][634] In addition to polling, Stears notably created a predictive model that estimated that Obi would win by a significant margin if voter turnout was high while low turnout would lead to a Tinubu victory.[520] To end the campaign, all candidates signed another peace accord at an Abuja event attended by Buhari, Abubakar, Obi, Kwankwaso, and Tinubu in addition to other candidates and major political figures on 23 February, the final day of the campaign period.[635]

Polling

[edit]
Polling organisation/client Fieldwork
date 		Sample
size 		Others Undecided None/No response/Refused
Tinubu
APC 		Obi
LP 		Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Abubakar
PDP
NIO Polls for Anap Foundation September 2022 1,000 13% 21% 3% 13% 1% 32% 17%
Premise Data for Bloomberg 5–20 September 2022 3,027 16% 72% – 9% 4% – –
Commencement of the official campaign period. (28 September 2022)
NIO Polls for Anap Foundation December 2022 1,000 13% 23% 2% 10% – 29% 23%
SBM Intelligence December 2022 7000 36% 22% 3% 33% 6%
Nextier January 2023 3,000 24% 37% 6% 27% 1% – 5%
Stears January 2023 6,220 15.5% 27.4% 2% 12.3% – 37.5% –
SBM Intelligence 16 January - 3 February 2023 11534 18% 36% 1% 24% 27%
Premise Data for Bloomberg 26 January-4 February 2023 2,384 18% 66% – 10% 6% – –
NIO Polls for Anap Foundation February 2023 2,000 13% 21% 3% 10% – 23% 30%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies 10-12 February 2023 3,351 22% 62% 3% 12% 1% – –

Graphical summary

[edit]

Election debates and town halls

[edit]

At the start of November, fora began as individual town halls moderated by Kadaria Ahmed were held throughout the month while a series of multi-candidate town halls hosted by Arise News and the Centre for Democracy and Development commenced on 6 November.[636][509] With a focus on security and the economy, the four most prominent candidates were invited—Abubakar, Kwankwaso, Obi, and Tinubu—but Abubakar sent Okowa as his proxy while Tinubu declined the invitation and was replaced by Kola Abiola, the nominee of the People's Redemption Party.[594][509] The non-attendance sparked controversy as Abubakar and Tinubu were criticized for non-engagement with public debates by the Obi campaign which later vowed to boycott events without the presence of Abubakar or Tinubu.[637][638] During the debate, Obi labeled poverty as a key source of violence and attacked the incumbent administration on security failures while vowing to remove fuel subsidies; Okowa backed the creation of state police forces along with targeted job creation methods; Kwankwaso identified educational failures as a cause of both insecurity and economic issues; and Abiola labeled poor leadership as a key factor in security failures.[639]

The Arise-CDD series continued with a minor candidate town hall on 14 November where alternative security methods and the economy dominated discussion.[511][640] Although a Nigerian Economic Summit Group-hosted economic debate was scheduled for the next day, it was canceled due to "prevailing circumstances."[641][642] Major candidates returned on 4 December to the Arise-CDD series with Obi, Kwankwaso, and Abubakar but Tinubu publicly declined the invitation and accused Arise of biased unprofessionalism.[643] Despite Tinubu's absence, the town hall went ahead with a focus on education, healthcare, poverty, and human capital development—all three candidates lamented poor educational quality and brain drain with Obi targeting low investment in education as the source of the issue.[644] Notably, when asked if they would commit to using Nigerian health services, Abubakar refused while Obi and Kwankwaso acceded.[645] A few weeks later in January, a Nigerian Elections Debate Group-organized debate set for 26 January was postponed due to logistical problems;[646] the debate was instead held on 12 February. Despite inviting all four major candidates, only Kwankwaso and Obi confirmed their attendance; however, technical issues with the Obi campaign airplane prevented him from attending and left just Kwankwaso to answer questions.[647][648][649]

2023 Nigerian presidential election debates and town halls
Date Organisers     P  Present[n]    S  Surrogate[o]    R  Present replacement[p]  
 NI  Not invited   A  Absent invitee   N  No debate
ADP AAC APC APGA LP NNPP PDP PRP SDP Other parties Ref.
6 November 2022 Arise News and the CDD NI NI A
Tinubu 		NI P
Obi 		P
Kwankwaso 		S
Okowa 		R
Abiola 		NI NI
Multiple 		[650]
14 November 2022 Arise News and the CDD P
Sani 		P
Sowore 		NI P
Umeadi 		NI NI NI NI P
Adebayo 		NI
Multiple 		[651]
15 November 2022 NESG and NEDG NI NI N
Tinubu 		NI N
Obi 		N
Kwankwaso 		N
Abubakar 		NI NI NI
Multiple 		[652]
4 December 2022 Arise News and the CDD NI NI A
Tinubu 		NI P
Obi 		P
Kwankwaso 		P
Abubakar 		NI NI NI
Multiple 		[653]
12 February 2023 NEDG NI NI A
Tinubu 		NI A
Obi 		P
Kwankwaso 		A
Abubakar 		NI NI NI
Multiple 		[649]

Projections

[edit]
State or territory 2019 result 2023 result Africa Elects[q]
24 February 2023[654] 		Dataphyte[r]
11 February 2023[655] 		Enough is Enough-
SBM Intelligence[s]
17 February 2023[656] 		SBM Intelligence[t]
15 December 2022[657] 		ThisDay[r]
27 December 2022[658] 		The Nation[u]
12–19 Feb 2023[659][660]
  Tinubu Obi Abubakar Others Tinubu Obi Kwankwaso Abubakar Others/
Undecided
Abia AA+41.65% PO+82.27% Safe Obi 14.38% 62.79% 18.99% 3.84% Obi Obi 10% 60% – 15% 15% Obi
Adamawa AA+3.96% AA+32.11% Safe Abubakar 24.51% 20.60% 37.55% 17.34% Abubakar Abubakar 20% 10% 5% 60% 5% Abubakar
Akwa Ibom AA+38.08% AA+9.61% Lean Obi 17.07% 56.29% 22.75% 3.89% Obi Abubakar 15% 30% – 40% 15% Abubakar
Anambra AA+81.13% PO+93.77% Safe Obi 20.06% 67.10% 6.53% 6.32% Obi Obi 5% 70% – 10% 15% Obi
Bauchi MB+57.52% AA+12.88% Likely Abubakar 19.80% 8.07% 65.12% 7.00% Abubakar Abubakar 20% 5% 15% 40% 20% Battleground
Bayelsa AA+24.58% AA+11.39% Lean Obi 20.87% 45.03% 28.05% 6.05% Abubakar Abubakar 20% 30% – 40% 10% Abubakar
Benue AA+1.25% BT+0.28% Likely Obi 24.44% 33.57% 24.44% 17.54% Obi Obi 20% 30% 10% 25% 15% Battleground
Borno MB+83.14% BT+13.19% Safe Tinubu 45.37% 4.95% 45.37% 4.32% Abubakar Tinubu 40% – 20% 35% 5% Tinubu
Cross River AA+42.30% PO+11.85% Likely Obi 46.74% 38.97% 7.62% 6.68% Obi Obi 25% 35% – 20% 20% Battleground
Delta AA+44.92% PO+29.29% Tossup 15.99% 57.94% 20.84% 5.23% Obi Abubakar 15% 35% – 40% 10% Abubakar
Ebonyi AA+46.74% PO+66.80% Safe Obi 37.72% 46.85% 8.24% 7.19% Obi Obi 15% 60% – 15% 15% Obi
Edo AA+1.40% PO+32.11% Likely Obi 25.14% 31.46% 25.14% 18.25% Obi Obi 15% 35% – 35% 15% Battleground
Ekiti MB+17.11% BT+36.32% Safe Tinubu 38.33% 33.52% 15.47% 12.62% Tinubu Tinubu 45% 15% – 20% 20% Tinubu
Enugu AA+71.52% PO+90.46% Safe Obi 16.42% 56.65% 21.50% 5.43% Obi Obi 10% 60% – 15% 15% Obi
FCT AA+25.42% PO+41.47% Likely Obi 33.01% 28.90% 20.68% 17.41% Obi Abubakar N/A Battleground
Gombe MB+47.72% AA+33.35% Likely Abubakar 39.05% 11.95% 39.05% 9.95% Abubakar Abubakar 20% 15% 5% 40% 20% Tinubu
Imo AA+38.01% PO+62.43% Safe Obi 30.25% 55.10% 8.23% 6.43% Obi Obi 15% 60% – 20% 5% Battleground
Jigawa MB+45.63% BT+3.78% Tossup 44.61% 6.10% 44.61% 4.69% Tinubu Tinubu 25% – 25% 35% 15% Tinubu
Kaduna MB+20.67% AA+11.40% Tossup 34.71% 16.56% 34.71% 14.02% Abubakar Abubakar 30% 20% 20% 25% 5% Tinubu
Kano MB+56.74% RK+28.19% Lean Kwankwaso 45.57% 4.96% 45.57% 3.89% Tinubu Too close to call 30% 5% 40% 20% 5% Tinubu
Katsina MB+59.41% AA+0.63% Lean Tinubu 46.27% 4.10% 46.27% 3.36% Abubakar Tinubu 30% – 30% 35% 5% Tinubu
Kebbi MB+56.47% AA+6.63% Lean Abubakar 42.87% 7.91% 42.87% 6.36% Abubakar Too close to call 35% – 20% 35% 10% Tinubu
Kogi MB+12.99% BT+20.93% Tossup 37.73% 21.55% 22.54% 18.18% Obi Tinubu 35% 15% 5% 35% 15% Tinubu
Kwara MB+37.16% BT+26.95% Likely Tinubu 42.54% 17.66% 25.21% 14.59% Tinubu Too close to call 35% 10% 10% 40% 5% Tinubu
Lagos MB+12.19% PO+0.77% Tossup 44.61% 18.53% 21.21% 15.66% Tinubu Tinubu 45% 25% 5% 20% 5% Tinubu
Nasarawa MB+1.05% PO+3.41% Tossup 37.54% 21.11% 23.70% 17.65% Obi Tinubu 30% 25% 10% 25% 10% Tinubu
Niger MB+46.29% BT+11.59% Tossup 47.59% 16.94% 20.88% 14.58% Abubakar Tinubu 35% 10% 10% 35% 10% Tinubu
Ogun MB+15.44% BT+37.53% Likely Tinubu 44.95% 18.14% 21.63% 15.28% Tinubu Tinubu 45% 5% 15% 20% 15% Tinubu
Ondo AA+6.14% BT+46.19% Likely Tinubu 37.86% 33.36% 15.85% 12.93% Obi Tinubu 45% 10% 10% 20% 15% Tinubu
Osun MB+1.43% AA+1.42% Likely Tinubu 38.27% 19.99% 25.18% 16.56% Tinubu Abubakar 35% 5% 5% 35% 20% Tinubu
Oyo AA+0.17% BT+32.98% Lean Tinubu 37.84% 19.95% 25.11% 17.10% Tinubu Tinubu 40% 15% 10% 20% 15% Tinubu
Plateau AA+7.74% PO+14.62% Lean Obi 33.02% 29.97% 20.12% 16.89% Obi Obi 20% 35% 5% 35% 5% Battleground
Rivers AA+50.34% BT+10.80% Likely Obi 14.49% 62.46% 19.27% 3.83% Obi Abubakar 10% 35% – 15% 40% Battleground
Sokoto MB+14.77% AA+0.55% Likely Abubakar 28.49% 8.32% 56.89% 6.31% Abubakar Abubakar 35% – 15% 40% 10% Battleground
Taraba AA+6.99% AA+8.55% Lean Abubakar 27.52% 27.37% 33.77% 16.35% Obi Abubakar 10% 20% 20% 40% 10% Abubakar
Yobe MB+79.93% AA+12.44% Likely Tinubu 46.69% 3.62% 46.69% 3.00% Abubakar Tinubu 40% – 15% 30% 15% Tinubu
Zamfara MB+54.16% BT+20.76% Lean Tinubu 43.30% 7.51% 43.30% 5.69% Tinubu Tinubu 35% – 20% 35% 10% Tinubu

General election

[edit]

Results

[edit]
CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Bola TinubuKashim ShettimaAPC8,794,72637.62
Atiku AbubakarIfeanyi OkowaPDP6,984,52029.88
Peter ObiYusuf Datti Baba-AhmedLP6,101,53326.10
Rabiu KwankwasoIsaac IdahosaNNPP1,496,6876.40
Christopher ImumolenBello Bala MaruA
Hamza al-MustaphaChukwuka JohnsonAA
Yabagi SaniUdo Okey-OkoroADP
Osita NnadiIsa HamisuAPP
Omoyele SoworeHaruna Garba MagashiAAC
Dumebi KachikwuAhmed BuhariADC
Peter UmeadiAbdullahi Muhammed KoliAPGA
Princess Chichi OjeiIbrahim MohammedAPM
Sunday AdenugaMustapha Usman TurakiBP
Felix Johnson OsakweYahaya Muhammad KyaboNRM
Kola AbiolaHaro Haruna ZegoPRP
Adewole AdebayoYusuf BuhariSDP
Malik Ado-IbrahimKasarachi EnyinnaYPP
Dan NwanyanwuRamalan AbubakarZLP
Total23,377,466100.00
Registered voters/turnout93,469,008–
Source: [661][662][663]

By geopolitical zone

[edit]
Geo­political zone Bola Tinubu
APC 		Atiku Abubakar
PDP 		Peter Obi
LP 		Rabiu Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Others Total valid votes Turnout (%)
Votes % T. Votes % T. Votes % T. Votes % T. Votes %
North Central[v] 1,760,993 38.58% 6 1,162,087 25.46% 4 1,415,577 31.01% 4 60,056 1.32% 0 165,638 3.63% 4,564,351 %
North East[w] 1,185,458 34.50% 6 1,737,846 50.58% 6 315,107 9.17% 1 126,343 3.68% 0 70,987 2.07% 3,435,741 %
North West[x] 2,652,235 39.64% 7 2,329,540 34.82% 6 350,182 5.23% 0 1,268,250 18.96% 1 90,415 1.35% 6,690,622 %
South East[y] 127,370 5.72% 0 90,968 4.09% 0 1,952,998 87.78% 5 8,211 0.37% 0 45,387 2.04% 2,224,934 %
South South[z] 799,957 27.99% 4 717,908 25.12% 3 1,210,675 42.37% 5 17,167 0.60% 0 111,933 3.92% 2,857,640 %
South West[aa] 2,279,407 53.59% 6 941,941 22.15% 2 846,478 19.90% 1 16,644 0.39% 0 168,972 3.97% 4,253,442 %
Total 8,794,726 36.61% 29 6,984,520 29.07% 21 6,101,533 25.40% 16 1,496,687 6.23% 1 648,474 2.59% 24,025,940 26.71%

By state

[edit]
State Bola Tinubu
APC 		Atiku Abubakar
PDP 		Peter Obi
LP 		Rabiu Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Others Total valid votes Turnout (%)
Votes % T. Votes % T. Votes % T. Votes % T. Votes %
Abia[664] 8,914 2.41% 0 22,676 6.13% 0 327,095 88.40% 1 1,239 0.33% 0 10,113 2.73% 370,037 18.00%
Adamawa[665] 182,881 25.01% 1 417,611 57.12% 1 105,648 14.45% 0 8,006 1.10% 0 16,994 2.32% 731,140 34.67%
Akwa Ibom[666][667][668] 160,620 28.94% 1 214,012 38.55% 1 132,683 23.90% 0 7,796 1.41% 0 39,978 7.20% 555,089 24.92%
Anambra[669][670][671] 5,111 0.83% 0 9,036 1.47% 0 584,621 95.24% 1 1,967 0.32% 0 13,126 2.14% 613,861 24.63%
Bauchi[672] 316,694 37.10% 1 426,607 49.98% 1 27,373 3.21% 0 72,103 8.45% 0 10,739 1.26% 853,516 31.10%
Bayelsa[673][674] 42,572 25.75% 1 68,818 41.62% 1 49,975 30.23% 1 540 0.33% 0 3,420 2.07% 165,325 16.38%
Benue[675] 310,468 40.32% 1 130,081 16.89% 0 308,372 40.04% 1 4,740 0.62% 0 16,414 2.13% 770,075 28.72%
Borno[676] 252,282 54.22% 1 190,921 41.03% 1 7,205 1.55% 0 4,626 0.99% 0 10,253 2.20% 465,287 19.94%
Cross River[677] 130,520 31.30% 1 95,425 22.89% 0 179,917 43.15% 1 1,644 0.39% 0 9,462 2.27% 416,968 26.10%
Delta[678] 90,183 14.66% 0 161,600 26.26% 1 341,866 55.55% 1 3,122 0.51% 0 18,570 3.02% 615,341 20.32%
Ebonyi[679] 42,402 13.03% 0 13,503 4.15% 0 259,738 79.83% 1 1,661 0.51% 0 8,047 2.48% 325,351 21.58%
Edo[680] 144,471 24.86% 0 89,585 15.41% 0 331,163 56.97% 1 2,743 0.47% 0 13,304 2.29% 581,266 24.01%
Ekiti[681] 201,494 65.38% 1 89,554 29.06% 1 11,397 3.70% 0 264 0.09% 0 5,462 1.77% 308,171 31.84%
Enugu[682][683] 4,772 1.05% 0 15,749 3.45% 0 428,640 93.91% 1 1,808 0.40% 0 5,455 1.20% 456,424 22.19%
F.C.T.[684] 90,902 19.76% 0 74,194 16.13% 0 281,717 61.23% 1 4,517 0.98% 0 8,741 1.90% 460,071 30.48%
Gombe[685] 146,977 28.82% 1 317,123 62.17% 1 26,160 5.13% 0 10,520 2.06% 0 9,263 1.82% 510,043 33.87%
Imo[686] 66,171 14.41% 0 30,004 6.53% 0 352,904 76.84% 1 1,536 0.33% 0 8,646 1.88% 459,261 22.10%
Jigawa[687][688] 421,390 45.78% 1 386,587 42.00% 1 1,889 0.20% 0 98,234 10.67% 0 12,431 1.35% 920,531 40.78%
Kaduna[689] 399,293 29.36% 1 554,360 40.76% 1 294,494 21.65% 0 92,969 6.83% 0 19,037 1.40% 1,360,153 32.33%
Kano[690] 517,341 30.40% 1 131,716 7.74% 0 28,513 1.67% 0 997,279 58.59% 1 27,156 1.60% 1,702,005 30.15%
Katsina[691] 482,283 45.56% 1 489,045 46.19% 1 6,376 0.60% 0 69,386 6.56% 0 11,583 1.09% 1,058,673 31.03%
Kebbi[692] 248,088 44.34% 1 285,175 50.97% 1 10,682 1.91% 0 5,038 0.90% 0 10,539 1.88% 559,522 29.81%
Kogi[693] 240,751 52.70% 1 145,104 31.77% 1 56,217 12.31% 0 4,238 0.93% 0 10,480 2.29% 456,790 24.63%
Kwara[694][695] 263,572 56.08% 1 136,909 29.13% 1 31,186 6.63% 0 3,141 0.67% 0 35,203 7.49% 469,971 29.29%
Lagos[696] 572,606 45.04% 1 75,750 5.96% 0 582,454 45.81% 1 8,442 0.66% 0 32,199 2.53% 1,271,451 18.92%
Nasarawa[697] 172,922 31.99% 1 147,093 27.21% 1 191,361 35.40% 1 12,715 2.35% 0 16,475 3.05% 540,566 21.82%
Niger[698] 375,183 48.18% 1 284,898 36.59% 1 80,452 10.33% 0 21,836 2.81% 0 16,299 2.09% 778,668 30.49%
Ogun[699] 341,554 58.88% 1 123,831 21.35% 0 85,829 14.79% 0 2,200 0.38% 0 26,710 4.60% 580,124 22.75%
Ondo[700] 369,924 67.14% 1 115,463 20.95% 0 44,405 8.06% 0 930 0.17% 0 20,286 3.68% 551,008 28.62%
Osun[701] 343,945 46.91% 1 354,366 48.33% 1 23,283 3.17% 0 713 0.10% 0 10,896 1.49% 733,203 38.71%
Oyo[702] 449,884 55.58% 1 182,977 22.60% 0 99,110 12.24% 0 4,095 0.51% 0 73,419 9.07% 809,485 26.32%
Plateau[703] 307,195 28.23% 1 243,808 22.41% 0 466,272 42.85% 1 8,869 0.81% 0 62,026 5.70% 1,088,170 40.33%
Rivers[704] 231,591 44.23% 1 88,468 16.90% 0 175,071 33.43% 1 1,322 0.25% 0 27,199 5.19% 523,651 16.71%
Sokoto[705] 285,444 48.64% 1 288,679 49.19% 1 6,568 1.12% 0 1,300 0.22% 0 4,824 0.82% 586,815 29.84%
Taraba[706] 135,165 27.07% 1 189,017 37.85% 1 146,315 29.30% 1 12,818 2.57% 0 16,043 3.21% 499,358 26.67%
Yobe[707][708] 151,459 40.03% 1 196,567 52.47% 1 2,406 0.64% 0 18,270 4.83% 0 7,695 2.03% 378,397 26.75%
Zamfara[709] 298,396 59.33% 1 193,978 38.57% 1 1,660 0.33% 0 4,044 0.81% 0 4,845 0.96% 502,923 27.64%
Total 6,984,520 29.07% 29 8,794,726 36.61% 21 6,101,533 25.40% 16 1,496,687 6.23% 1 648,474 2.59% 24,025,940 26.71%
Tinubu Abubakar Obi Kwankwaso Others Valid Turnout
Close states
[edit]

States where the margin of victory was under 1%:

  1. Benue State, 0.28% (2,096 votes) margin for Tinubu
  2. Sokoto State, 0.55% (3,235 votes) margin for Abubakar
  3. Katsina State, 0.63% (6,762 votes) margin for Abubakar
  4. Lagos State, 0.77% (9,848 votes) margin for Obi

States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5%:

  1. Osun State, 1.42% (10,421 votes) margin for Abubakar
  2. Nasarawa State, 3.41% (18,439 votes) margin for Obi
  3. Jigawa State, 3.78% (34,803 votes) margin for Tinubu

States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10%:

  1. Kebbi State, 6.63% (37,087 votes) margin for Abubakar
  2. Taraba State, 8.55% (42,702 votes) margin for Abubakar
  3. Akwa Ibom State, 9.61% (53,392 votes) margin for Abubakar

Maps

[edit]
Percentage of the vote won by each major candidate by state. LGA level breakdown

Abubakar
     <30%      30–40%      40–50%
     50–60%      60–70%
Kwankwaso
     <30%      50–60%
Obi
     <30%      30–40%      40–50%
     50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
     80–90%      >90%
Tinubu
     <30%      30–40%      40–50%
     50–60%      60–70%
LGA breakdown

Aftermath

[edit]

The results were announced in the early hours of 1 March 2023. Bola Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress was named the president-elect in a tight election, with Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi earning substantial votes.[710] Tinubu said, "It (Nigeria) is the only nation we have. It is one country, and we must build together. Let's work together to put broken pieces together…This is a shining moment in the life of any man and an affirmation of our democratic existence. I represent a promise and with your support, I know that promise will be fulfilled."[711]

Although the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) called the election free, fair and credible, several observers, including the European Union, said the election was not transparent. A joint observer mission of the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute said, "The election fell well short of Nigerian citizens' reasonable expectations." Samson Itodo, the head of YIAGA Africa, said there were serious concerns about the elections process because major issues such as violence and technical problems had hampered public trust in the election process. The United Nations urged "all stakeholders to remain calm through the conclusion of the electoral process."[711]

Nigeria's main opposition parties said the results of the election were "heavily doctored and manipulated" in a joint news conference. "We won this election as Labour Party, we are going to claim our mandate as Labour Party," said Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed, the party's vice presidential candidate. Ndi Kato, the Labour Party's presidential campaign spokesperson, said, "We are defiant. The elections were rigged."[711]

Both the PDP and Labor Party separately filed formal petitions challenging Tinubu's victory on 22 March.[32][33] On 26 May 2023, the Nigerian Supreme Court dismissed PDP's lawsuit against Tinubu and Shettima.[712]

Response

[edit]

International reactions

[edit]
  •  African Union – Chairperson of the African Union Commission Moussa Faki congratulated Tinubu on 3 March, vowing to support Nigeria in "her journey to deepen democracy, good governance, sustainable development and consolidate peace, security, and stability in the country." Additionally, Faki urged "that any post-election dispute or grievance be pursued through the judicial system."[713]
  •  Benin – President Patrice Talon congratulated Tinubu on Facebook on 2 March, stating that he looked forward to working together with Tinubu and furthering cooperation between Benin Republic and Nigeria.[714]
  •  Chad – Transitional President Mahamat Déby congratulated Tinubu on Twitter on 1 March, stating that he looked forward to working together with Tinubu and strengthening bilateral relations.[715][716]
  •  China – President Xi Jinping congratulated Tinubu on 5 March, noting increased cooperative relations between China and Nigeria in recent years.[717] The brief press release echoed a similar statement by Mao Ning—a Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson—at a press conference on 2 March.[718]
  •  Egypt – President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi congratulated Tinubu on 4 March, also wishing him success in his administration.[719]
  •  Ghana – President Nana Akufo-Addo congratulated Tinubu on Twitter on 2 March, hoping that the new administration would "deepen" the bilateral friendship between Ghana and Nigeria.[720]
  •  India – Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Tinubu on Twitter on 3 March, stating that he "looked forward to further strengthening India-Nigeria bilateral relations".[721]
  •  Ivory Coast – President Alassane Ouattara congratulated Tinubu on Twitter on 3 March, stating that he looked forward to working together with Tinubu and strengthening bilateral relations.[722]
  •  Niger – President Mohamed Bazoum congratulated Tinubu on Twitter on 3 March, labeling the election as free, democratic, and transparent.[723]
  •  United Kingdom – Prime Minister Rishi Sunak congratulated Tinubu on Twitter on 1 March, stating that he would "look forward to working together to grow our security and trade ties, opening up opportunities for businesses and creating prosperity in both our countries."[724]
  •  United States – In a 1 March statement, the State Department congratulated Tinubu but urged INEC to improve processes before the state elections on 11 March. The release also called on candidates and parties to use legal means to challenge results peacefully.[725]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Due to disruptions—mainly violence or technical issues—on election day, INEC either postponed or extended voting to 26 February in certain affected areas.
  2. ^ On election day, Andy Uba and Emeka Okafor were officially listed as the APC gubernatorial and deputy gubernatorial nominees, respectively. However, in December 2021, a Federal High Court nullified the APC gubernatorial primary and declared Uba's nomination illegal, null, and void.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m This candidate was recommended by the party screening committee.[143]
  4. ^ a b c d e This candidate was recommended by APC governors and the party National Working Committee.[115]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j This candidate was not recommended by the party screening committee.[143]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p This candidate was not recommended by APC governors and the party National Working Committee.[115]
  7. ^ Okowa is ethnically Ika, a group alternatively classified as either a distinct ethnic group or an Igbo subgroup; Okowa has steadfastly adhered to the latter interpretation, referring to himself as "Igbo." For his part, Wike is ethnically Ikwerre—another group classified as either a distinct ethnic group or an Igbo subgroup—however, Wike follows the former definition and has long denied being Igbo.[240]
  8. ^ a b c The party was renamed the "Zenith Progressives Alliance" on 8 June 2022.[370]
  9. ^ The original deadline was 3 June; however, INEC pushed it back to 9 June at the behest of parties.[69]
  10. ^ a b Although there was not a comprehensive list of aggrieved PDP politicians that withdrew from the Abubakar campaign, reporters noted attendants of the meeting where withdrawal was decided upon, namely: Mohammed Bello Adoke, Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo, Donald Duke, Ayo Fayose, Jerry Gana, Bode George, Jonah David Jang, Seyi Makinde, Olusegun Mimiko, Chibudom Nwuche, and Dan Orbih along with Wike himself.[500]
  11. ^ As he did not send a representative, Tinubu was replaced by Kola Abiola, the nominee of the People's Redemption Party.
  12. ^ Okezie Ikpeazu of Abia State, Samuel Ortom of Benue State, Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi of Enugu State, and Seyi Makinde of Oyo State
  13. ^ In the APC, renewed criticism over the same religion ticket along with internal disputes about the Tinubu campaign council composition dominated the time period while in the PDP, the ongoing Wike dispute continued along with a new intraparty financial scandal.[586][584]
  14. ^ Denotes a party presidential nominee attending the event.
  15. ^ Denotes a party presidential nominee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
  16. ^ Denotes the attendance of a replacement invitee due to the non-attendance of an original invitee.
  17. ^ AfricaElects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as "Safe" for exceedingly likely, "Likely" for somewhat likely, and "Lean" for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as "tossups".
  18. ^ a b Dataphyte and ThisDay projections predict candidates' projected votal shares in each state.
  19. ^ EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.
  20. ^ SBM projections predict which candidates will win states or, if no determination could be made, categorizes states as "Too close to call" (TCC).
  21. ^ The Nation projections predict which candidates will win states or, if no determination could be made, categorizes states as "Battlegrounds."
  22. ^ Comprising the states of Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, and Plateau in addition to the Federal Capital Territory.
  23. ^ Comprising the states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe.
  24. ^ Comprising the states of Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara.
  25. ^ Comprising the states of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo.
  26. ^ Comprising the states of Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, and Rivers.
  27. ^ Comprising the states of Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Jimoh, Abbas (26 February 2022). "INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  2. ^ "Bola Tinubu is now Nigeria's president-elect. What happens next?". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "2023 Presidential race: Atiku wins PDP ticket". The Sun. 29 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e Oyeleke, Sodiq (8 June 2022). "Full result of APC presidential primary". The Punch. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d "2023: Obi picks LP presidential ticket". The Guardian. News Agency of Nigeria. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Jalal, Aliyu (8 June 2022). "Kwankwaso Emerges NNPP Presidential Candidate". Daily Trust. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d Erezi, Dennis (16 June 2022). "Atiku dumps Wike, chooses Okowa as running mate for presidential election". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Aliyu, Abdullateef (17 June 2022). "Running Mate: Like Tinubu, Peter Obi Picks Doyin Okupe As Placeholder". Daily Trust. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  9. ^ a b c Erezi, Dennis (17 June 2022). "Tinubu submits name of running mate to INEC". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b c Abdullahi, Idowu (8 July 2022). "Updated: Peter Obi picks Datti Baba-Ahmed as running mate". The Punch. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d Akinboyo, Temidayo (10 July 2022). "Updated: Tinubu finally names Shettima as running mate". Premium Times. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  12. ^ "CDD releases preliminary report on polls, alleges voter suppression". The Nation. 26 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  13. ^ a b Blankson, Esther (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: NHRC releases malpractices, vote-buying statistics". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  14. ^ Sulaimon, Adekunle (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC backtracks on promise to upload results from polling units". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  15. ^ Shaibu, Nathaniel (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: YIAGA expresses concern over failed result upload". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  16. ^ Jannamike, Luminous. "Address issues threatening to mar credibility of election results, CSO charges INEC". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  17. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (27 February 2023). "Party agents protest delay in uploading results on iReV, discrepancies in results". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  18. ^ Olokor, Friday; Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo; Shaibu, Nathaniel; Olatunji, Daud (28 February 2023). "Presidential poll: INEC continues results collation despite protests". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  19. ^ "2023 elections: EU faults INEC, says process distorted, lacks transparency". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  20. ^ Odoh, Innocent (26 February 2023). "US, UK, IRI Observers React To Electoral Process". Leadership. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  21. ^ a b Ibrahim, El-Ameen (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: Elections not free, fair, say Okowa, Datti-Ahmed". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  22. ^ a b Busari, Biodun. "'It's sham', NNPP faults INEC over election results". Vanguard. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  23. ^ Oludare, Ishola (27 February 2023). "Full text of Obasanjo's message on 2023 presidential election". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  24. ^ Anichukwese, Donatus (28 February 2023). "2023 Elections: Kwankwaso's NNPP Joins PDP, LP To Call For Cancellation". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  25. ^ a b Nwezeh, Kingsley; Akinwale, Adedayo; Gabriel, Emameh; James, Segun. "The World Moves against Nigeria's Tainted Polls". ThisDay. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  26. ^ Steinhauser, Gabriele; Akingbule, Gbenga. "Nigeria Election Criticized by International Observers, Opposition Parties". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  27. ^ a b Maclean, Ruth; Peltier, Elian (28 February 2023). "Opposition Parties in Nigeria Call for Election Rerun, Citing Vote Rigging". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  28. ^ Ajayi, Omeiza. "Tinubu Campaign demands arrest of Dino, Momodu, Pastor Enenche". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  29. ^ "INEC declares APC's Bola Tinubu winner of Nigeria's presidential election". Premium Times. March 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  30. ^ "Bola Tinubu wins Nigeria's presidential election against Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi". BBC News. March 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  31. ^ "Third-party candidate Peter Obi to challenge Nigeria election result". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 2 March 2023. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  32. ^ a b "FOR THE RECORDS: Download Peter Obi's petition challenging election of Bola Tinubu as Nigeria's president". Premium Times Nigeria. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  33. ^ a b "FOR THE RECORDS: Download Atiku's petition challenging Tinubu's presidential election victory". Premium Times Nigeria. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  34. ^ "Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, Art. 134". Wipo. 24 November 2022. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  35. ^ Ayodele Oluwagbemi (27 February 2019). "UPDATED: Buhari wins second term - Punch Newspapers". Punch Newspapers. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  36. ^ Deji Elumoye (28 February 2019). "APC Retains Majority Seats in Senate". thisdaylive.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  37. ^ Ogundipe, Samuel (5 April 2019). "2019 Governorship Elections Tally: APC 15 states, PDP 14". Premium Times Nigeria. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  38. ^ Olagoke, Bode (30 December 2020). "2020: APC's year of crisis management, harvest of defectors, reconciliation". Blueprint Newspaper. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  39. ^ a b Okocha, Chuks. "Rancour-free Convention: Has PDP Beaten APC to Its Game?". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  40. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (6 April 2022). "2023: PDP zoning committee reportedly throws party's presidential ticket open". Premium Times Nigeria. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  41. ^ Olufemi, Alfred (21 June 2019). "30 things Buhari promised Nigerians in second term – IPC". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  42. ^ Bello, Dorcas (2 February 2022). "Nigeria: Are the pictures of rice pyramids an election tactic?". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  43. ^ Chakraborty, Aninda (31 August 2020). "Nigeria reopens revamped Akanu Ibiam International Airport". Airport Technology. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  44. ^ "Nigerians escape nightmare Lagos traffic with new Chinese-built train". Africanews. 24 March 2021. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  45. ^ Ugbodaga, Mary (10 June 2021). "Buhari inaugurates 157km Lagos-Ibadan rail line". TheCable. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  46. ^ Abiola, Adetokunbo (18 February 2022). "Borno Terrorists Surrender as Nigerian Army Goes on the Offensive". The Defense Post. Akure. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  47. ^ George, Libby (4 February 2020). "U.S., Jersey sign $300 million Abacha loot repatriation deal with Nigeria". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  48. ^ "Students hail President Buhari for New Minimum Wage". Vanguard. 18 April 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  49. ^ "Finally, Buhari shipwrecks the anti-corruption war". The Punch. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  50. ^ Tade, Oludayo (7 March 2021). "Why Buhari's government is losing the anti-corruption war". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  51. ^ Olawoyin, Oladeinde (10 March 2022). "Nigerians battle unprecedented hardship as Buhari nears 7 years in office". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  52. ^ Ayitogo, Nasir (31 May 2021). "Analysis: Six years after, Buhari has failed to keep promise of securing Nigeria". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  53. ^ Duerksen, Mark. "Nigeria's Diverse Security Threats". Africa Center for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  54. ^ Hassan, Idayat (8 November 2021). "Nigeria's rampant banditry, and some ideas on how to rein it in". The New Humanitarian. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  55. ^ "Inside Northern Communities Sacked By Bandits, Ethnoreligious Conflicts". Daily Trust. 12 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  56. ^ Sadiq, Lami; Yaba, Mohammed I. (6 May 2022). "Ansaru In Massive Recruitment In Kaduna, Distributes 'Sallah Gifts'". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  57. ^ Brottem, Leif. "The Growing Complexity of Farmer-Herder Conflict in West and Central Africa". Africa Center for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  58. ^ Ojewale, Oluwole (23 June 2021). "Violence is endemic in north central Nigeria: what communities are doing to cope". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  59. ^ Pelz, Daniel. "Why is piracy increasing on the Gulf of Guinea?". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  60. ^ Onukwue, Alexander (25 April 2022). "Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people". Quartz. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  61. ^ Egbejule, Eromo. "Small businesses bear the brunt of Nigerian separatist lockdowns". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  62. ^ Arvin, Jariel (2 August 2021). "How kidnap-for-ransom became the "most lucrative industry in Nigeria"". Vox. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  63. ^ Olurounbi, Ruth (23 March 2021). "Nigeria: Buhari's legacy is one of 'missed opportunities and inaction' says analyst". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  64. ^ Tayo, Teniola (11 March 2022). "Analysis: High stakes as Nigeria prepares for elections in 2023". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  65. ^ Yusuf, Kabir (10 October 2021). "Inside Nigeria's Debt Crisis: How foreign loan under Buhari triples past govts' combined figure". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  66. ^ Blankenship, Mary; Golubski, Christina (11 August 2021). "Nigeria's Twitter ban is a misplaced priority". Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  67. ^ Ezeamalu, Ben (16 November 2021). "Nigerian Army Killed Unarmed Protesters, Report Finds". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  68. ^ "Approval Ratings". NOIPolls. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  69. ^ a b c James, Dominic (27 May 2022). "Primaries: INEC Grants Parties Six Extra Days, Timetable Remains Unchanged". INEC News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  70. ^ Kaledzi, Isaac. "Nigeria's presidential zoning practice under scrutiny". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  71. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (11 May 2022). "PDP dumps zoning, throws presidential ticket open". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  72. ^ Elumoye, Deji; Okocha, Chuks; Akinwale, Adedayo (30 April 2022). "Abdullahi Adamu: No Decision Yet on Zoning of APC's Presidential Ticket". ThisDay. Abuja. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  73. ^ Majeed, Bakare (10 July 2022). "Why I chose Shettima as running mate despite religious concerns - Tinubu". Premium Times Nigeria. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  74. ^ "Running mate: Atiku picking Okowa solves Muslim/Muslim ticket fears — Arewa Coalition". Tribune Online. 18 June 2022. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  75. ^ Amodu, Taiwo (29 July 2021). "APC Congresses: Buni Insists On Consensus Option, Warns Against Media War". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  76. ^ Adenekan, Samson (15 November 2021). "Marafa threatens to sue APC leadership, says decisions since appointment illegal". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  77. ^ Irede, Akin (8 January 2022). "Can Nigeria's ruling party survive after Buhari?". Africa Report. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  78. ^ Ndujihe, Clifford; Umoru, Henry; Nwabughiogu, Levinus; Ajayi, Omeiza; Yakubu, Dirisu (27 March 2022). "APC Convention: High wire politics as Adamu, Omisore, 75 others emerge". Vanguard. Abuja. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  79. ^ Sobechi, Leo (29 March 2022). "APC's national convention and fear of fair, open competition". The Guardian. Abuja. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  80. ^ "2023: APC In Fresh Dilemma Over Zoning, Convention". Daily Trust. 25 June 2021. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  81. ^ Irede, Akin (8 December 2021). "Nigeria 2023: Like the PDP, the ruling APC is set to abandon zoning". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  82. ^ "Northern Govs Didn't Oppose Power Shift, But Rejected Language Of Compulsion – El-Rufai". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  83. ^ Baiyewu, Leke (4 January 2022). "Muslim-Muslim ticket doesn't matter with Tinubu as APC presidential candidate – Support group". The Punch. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  84. ^ Irede, Akin (7 January 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Tinubu's team bets the farm on a Muslim/Muslim ticket". Africa Report. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  85. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola; Olokor, Friday (5 January 2022). "Muslim/Muslim ticket unacceptable, says CAN, NSCIA differs". The Punch. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  86. ^ Maishanu, Abubakar Ahmadu (28 April 2022). "Why we are charging N100m for presidential nomination form - APC National Chairman". Premium Times Nigeria. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  87. ^ Odunsi, Wale (4 May 2022). "2023: APC extends sale of forms, fixes dates to elect delegates". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  88. ^ Nseyen, Nsikak (11 May 2022). "2023: APC fixes new date for governorship primaries, others". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  89. ^ Majeed, Bakare (14 May 2022). "2023: APC fixes date for screening of presidential aspirants". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  90. ^ Nseyen, Nsikak (23 May 2022). "2023: APC fixes new date to screen presidential aspirants". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  91. ^ a b Majeed, Bakare (20 April 2022). "Updated: 2023: APC fixes presidential forms for N100 million, adopts indirect primaries". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  92. ^ Angbulu, Stephen; Ayeni, Victor; Dada, Peter; Naku, Dennis; Ede, Raphael (21 April 2022). "Presidential primary: APC silent on zoning, Nigerians condemn N100m nomination fee". The Punch. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  93. ^ APC Nigeria [@OfficialAPCNg] (4 May 2022). "REVISED" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  94. ^ a b Ajayi, Omeiza (28 May 2022). "Just in: APC postpones presidential convention to June 6–8". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  95. ^ a b "Senate amends Electoral Act to allow President, NASS members, govs, others vote at party congresses, primaries". Vanguard. 10 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  96. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola; Baiyewu, Leke; Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo; Odeniyi, Solomon; Angbulu, Stephen; Bamigbola, Bola (24 May 2022). "APC primary: Lagos, Borno lose jumbo delegates, party shifts senatorial poll". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  97. ^ a b Irede, Akin (24 May 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Buhari's refusal to sign electoral law puts APC, PDP in fresh crisis". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  98. ^ Majeed, Bakare (5 June 2022). "APC Convention: 22 governors, 2,322 delegates to determine fate of 23 aspirants". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  99. ^ Wilfred Eya (27 May 2022). "Osinbajo, Tinubu, Amaechi, Onu, Umahi look strong amid Jonathan joker". Sun News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  100. ^ Majeed, Bakare (10 May 2022). "2023: Jonathan says he's undecided, rejects APC presidential form". Premium Times Nigeria. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  101. ^ "Goodluck Jonathan APC 2023: former president reject All Progressives Party presidential form group buy for am". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 10 May 2022. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  102. ^ Ejekwonyilo, Ameh (23 May 2022). "2023: CBN's Emefiele retreats, withdraws suit against INEC, AGF". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  103. ^ Chiedozie, Ihuoma (30 May 2022). "Analysis: APC presidential primary – All eyes on Buhari". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  104. ^ Taiwo-Obalonye, Juliana (31 May 2022). "APC primaries: Buhari meets govs, gives hint of preferred successor". The Sun. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  105. ^ "APC presidential ticket: 17 govs stand behind Buhari on preferred aspirant". The Sun. 3 June 2022. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  106. ^ Nwachukwu, John Owen (4 June 2022). "APC presidential primary: No candidate was disqualified – Adamu counters Oyegun". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  107. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (3 June 2022). "Exclusive: No APC presidential aspirant disqualified – Screening committee member". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  108. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (4 June 2022). "Breaking: 10 APC govs ask Northern aspirants to withdraw from presidential race". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  109. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (4 June 2022). "Buhari backs southern candidate for president". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  110. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (6 June 2022). "APC House of Confusion: Northern APC governors 'clash' with Chairman Adamu over zoning". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  111. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (6 June 2022). "Just In: Northern APC govs meet Buhari, insist on southern presidential candidate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  112. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (6 June 2022). "APC NWC members divided over announcement of Lawan as consensus candidate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  113. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola; Olokor, Friday; Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo; Angbulu, Stephen; Tolu-Kolawole, Deborah (7 June 2022). "APC presidential ticket: Adamu's consensus plot fails, 21 aspirants in battle royale". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  114. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (6 June 2022). "Just In: I won't impose consensus candidate, Buhari tells Northern govs". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  115. ^ a b c Mojeed, Musikilu (7 June 2022). "APC Governors, party's NWC cut presidential contenders to five, eliminate 17". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  116. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Breaking: Seven presidential aspirants reject APC northern govs' five-man list". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  117. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Just In: Pick one of us, Okorocha, other South-East aspirants write Buhari". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  118. ^ Yakubu, Dirisu (7 June 2022). "Convention: Rowdiness, disorder mar APC accreditation process". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  119. ^ Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo (7 June 2022). "Few hours to APC primary, many journalists remain unaccredited". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  120. ^ Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo (7 June 2022). "APC Primary: Security operatives teargas supporters, journalists". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  121. ^ "EFCC officials storm APC Special Convention". The Guardian. News Agency of Nigeria. 7 June 2022. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  122. ^ Onyeji, Ebuka; Udegbunam, Oge (8 June 2022). "APC Primaries: Nine Candidates who withdrew, who they endorsed". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  123. ^ "Live: Bola Tinubu Declared Winner Of APC Presidential Primary". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  124. ^ "Tinubu wins APC presidential ticket". Reuters. 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  125. ^ Elusoji, Solomon. "Tinubu Beats Osinbajo, Amaechi, 11 Others To Win APC Presidential Primary". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  126. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (8 June 2022). "Full speech: My opponents have nothing to fear, Tinubu says after victory". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  127. ^ Baiyewu, Leke (9 June 2022). "How APC presidential aspirants waited in vain for Buhari's anointed candidate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  128. ^ Irede, Akin (8 June 2022). "Nigeria 2023: How a Lagos godfather crushed the opposition". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  129. ^ Kogbara, Donu (10 June 2022). "Nigeria: Buhari's failure to plan his succession". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  130. ^ a b Abidoye, Bisi (12 June 2022). "PT State of the Race: Tinubu, Atiku search for running mates, worry about Obi, Kwankwaso". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  131. ^ Ajayi, Omeiza; Bello, Bashir; Nwankwo, Tony (12 June 2022). "RUNNING MATES: Battle for Muslim-Muslim ticket rages as El-Rufai, others back pairing". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  132. ^ a b Terzungwe, Saawua (10 July 2022). "Tinubu's Placeholder Running Mate Resigns". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  133. ^ "2023: Why I Didn't Choose A Christian Running Mate – Tinubu". Daily Trust. 10 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  134. ^ a b Odeniyi, Solomon (10 July 2022). "CAN fumes over Tinubu's choice of Muslim running mate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  135. ^ Sobechi, Leo; Abuh, Adamu; Akhaine, Saxone; Michael, Danjuma (11 July 2022). "CAN, MBF, Arewa ex-scribe, others decry APC's Muslim-Muslim ticket". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  136. ^ Irede, Akin (11 July 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Will Tinubu's Muslim/Muslim ticket mirror MKO's win?". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  137. ^ Siollun, Max (11 July 2022). "Nigeria: Bola Tinubu must reckon with history after picking his running mate". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  138. ^ Oyero, Kayode (29 April 2022). "Breaking: Tinubu picks N100m APC presidential form". The Punch. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  139. ^ "Breaking: Amaechi Declares Interest In Succeeding Buhari". Daily Trust. 9 April 2022. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  140. ^ Opejobi, Seun (6 May 2022). "2023: Rotimi Amaechi finally obtains APC's N100m presidential form". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  141. ^ Abdullahi, Idowu (26 April 2022). "2023: Ayade joins presidential race". The Punch. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  142. ^ "2023 Race: Ben Ayade picks presidential form". Vanguard. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  143. ^ a b Oluwasanjo, Ahmed (4 June 2022). "APC disqualifies only female aspirant, Tunde Bakare; clears Tinubu, Lawan, Osinbajo for presidential primary". Peoples Gazette. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  144. ^ Adelagun, Oluwakemi (10 April 2022). "2023: Tunde Bakare joins race for president". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  145. ^ Opejobi, Seun (5 May 2022). "Breaking: 2023: Pastor Tunde Bakare buys N100m APC presidential form". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  146. ^ "Pastor Tunde Bakare scores zero votes, after picking N100m forms, boasting of becoming president". The Informant247. 8 June 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  147. ^ Olokor, Friday (26 April 2022). "2023: Bello pays N100m nomination fee, picks APC forms Wednesday". The Punch. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  148. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (13 May 2022). "Oil tycoon, Jack-Rich, declares for Presidency, submits N100m APC form". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  149. ^ Opejobi, Seun (9 May 2022). "Breaking: 2023 Presidency: Senate President, Ahmed Lawan picks APC N100m nomination forms". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  150. ^ Adepegba, Adelani (11 April 2022). "2023: Buhari's ally Mokelu joins presidential race". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  151. ^ Richards, Oludare (11 May 2022). "Mokelu picks APC presidential nomination form, joins 27 other aspirants". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  152. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (27 April 2022). "Just In: Buhari's minister, Nwajiuba, buys N100m APC Presidential form". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  153. ^ Simon, Emperor. "Okorocha Formally Declares For Presidency, Says Igbos Won't Leave Nigeria". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  154. ^ Odeniyi, Solomon (29 April 2022). "2023 presidency: Don't vote with sentiments – Okorocha tells APC delegates". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  155. ^ Majeed, Bakare (6 May 2022). "2023: Another Buhari's minister, Ogbonnaya Onu, joins presidential race". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  156. ^ a b c Orintunsin, Jide (6 May 2022). "Breaking: Emefiele, Boroffice, Amosun, Onu pick APC presidential forms". The Nation. Abuja. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  157. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (11 April 2022). "Breaking: Osinbajo officially declares for President". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  158. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (5 May 2022). "Just In: Support groups pick up nomination form for Osinbajo". The Punch. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  159. ^ Nwannah, Ifeanyi (22 January 2022). "2023: Ex Zamfara governor, Yarima declares intention to run for president". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  160. ^ Bankole, Abe (6 May 2022). "2023: Former Zamfara governor Yerima joins presidential race". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  161. ^ Sunday, Ochogwu (28 April 2022). "2023 presidency: Gov Umahi pays N100m, gets APC nomination form". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  162. ^ Bukar, Muhammad (4 May 2022). "2023: Gov Badaru joins presidential race, purchases N100m APC form". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  163. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (4 June 2022). "Breaking: Gov Badaru withdraws from APC presidential race". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  164. ^ Imukudo, Saviour (4 May 2022). "Akpabio joins presidential race". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  165. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Breaking: Akpabio steps down for Tinubu". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  166. ^ Sunday, Ochogwu (27 April 2022). "2023: Sen Amosun joins presidential race". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  167. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (5 May 2022). "Amosun declares for presidency, says I'm ready to serve". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  168. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Breaking: Amosun steps down for Tinubu". The Punch. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  169. ^ Ukaibe, Chibuzo. "APC: Ayom Withdraws From Presidential Race Over Zoning". Leadership. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  170. ^ Babalola, Ayoola (27 April 2022). "2023: Ex-Reps speaker Dimeji Bankole joins presidential race". Peoples Gazette. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  171. ^ Isenyo, Godwin (6 May 2022). "2023: Ex-Reps Speaker, Dimeji Bankole, buys APC presidential form". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  172. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Breaking: Dimeji Bankole withdraws from presidential race, backs Tinubu". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  173. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Breaking: Senator Boroffice steps down for Tinubu". The Punch. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  174. ^ "Businessman Dauda joins 2023 presidential race". The Nation. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  175. ^ Olokor, Friday; Oyeleke, Sodiq (4 May 2022). "Updated: Fayemi officially declares for presidency". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  176. ^ Olokor, Friday (8 May 2022). "2023: Fayemi picks presidential form 24 hours after declaration – Aide, APC source". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  177. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (7 June 2022). "Breaking: Fayemi becomes third aspirant to step down for Tinubu". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  178. ^ "Fayemi, Akpabio, Amosun, 3 other aspirants step down for Tinubu". The Informant247. 7 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  179. ^ Chime, Vivian (5 May 2022). "Nicholas Felix, US-based Nigerian pastor, obtains APC presidential nomination form". TheCable. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  180. ^ Onyeji, Ebuka (7 June 2022). "Presidential aspirant steps down for Osinbajo at #APCPrimaries". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  181. ^ Salau, Abdullateef (18 April 2022). "IT Expert, Adamu Garba Joins Presidential Race". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  182. ^ Salau, Abdullateef (10 May 2022). "Adamu Garba Withdraws From Presidential Race After Raising N83.2m". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  183. ^ Oyero, Kayode (6 May 2022). "CBN Gov Emefiele picks N100m APC presidential form". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  184. ^ Sobechi, Leo (15 May 2022). "Emefiele's Meffy2023… a messy affair". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  185. ^ Ibeh, Ifeanyi (21 January 2022). "Why I am now running for president – Orji Kalu". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  186. ^ Odeyemi, Joshua (9 May 2022). "2023: Orji Kalu Drops Presidential Ambition, Picks Form For Senate". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  187. ^ "2023: Ngige joins presidential race". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 18 April 2022. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  188. ^ "Ngige pulls out of presidential race, says he wants to focus on his job". TheCable. 13 May 2022. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  189. ^ Olokor, Friday (29 April 2022). "2023: Nnamani declares for presidency, seeks N100m forms fees reduction". The Punch. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  190. ^ "2023: Jettisoning zoning'll amount to injustice, says Nnamani". Vanguard. 6 May 2022. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  191. ^ Shibayan, Dyepkazah (6 June 2022). "Ken Nnamani pulls out of race for APC presidential ticket". TheCable. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  192. ^ "APC gets first female presidential aspirant". The Punch. News Agency of Nigeria. 6 May 2022. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  193. ^ Onyeji, Ebuka (7 June 2022). "Sole female aspirant steps down for Tinubu at #APCPrimaries". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  194. ^ Olokor, Friday (3 May 2022). "2023: No empty promises, Olawepo-Hashim says as he declares for presidency". The Punch. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  195. ^ Aderele, Ademola (13 May 2022). "2023: APC's Olawepo-Hashim withdraws from presidential race". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  196. ^ Majeed, Bakare (4 May 2022). "2023: Oshiomhole joins presidential race". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  197. ^ Gabriel, Emameh. "Oshiomhole Drops Presidential Ambition, Shifts Focus to Senate". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  198. ^ Majeed, Bakare (9 May 2022). "2023: Sylva to commence consultations as group buys APC presidential nomination form for him". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  199. ^ "Just In: Petroleum minister Sylva withdraws from presidential race". The Punch. News Agency of Nigeria. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  200. ^ Oluwafemi, Ayodele (26 May 2021). "Aregbesola: I won't just jump into 2023 presidential race — I'm a serious politician". TheCable. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  201. ^ a b c Sabiu, Muhammad (12 December 2021). "2023 Presidency: As North Begins Search For Candidate". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  202. ^ a b "In search of flagbearers". Africa Confidential. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  203. ^ Asadu, Chinedu (21 May 2021). "Nigeria: Who will inherit President Buhari's bloc vote in 2023?". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  204. ^ Yusuf, Dele (14 October 2021). "Nigeria: What is Kaduna Governor Nasir el-Rufai planning for 2023?". Africa Report. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  205. ^ Aliyu, Abdullateef (6 May 2022). "Contesting Presidency Is A War I Can't Win – Shina Peller". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  206. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (21 January 2022). "I'm running for APC chairman, not president —Ex-Borno gov, Sheriff". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  207. ^ Ojiego, Nnamdi (31 October 2021). "Internal democracy will stop defections — Iyorchia Ayu, new PDP Chair". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  208. ^ "Updated: Court okays PDP convention, dismisses Secondus' suit". Premium Times. 29 October 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  209. ^ Oyero, Kayode (8 January 2022). "2023: PDP has not zoned presidential ticket – Spokesman". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  210. ^ Fabiyi, Olusola; Alechenu, John; Aworinde, Tobi; Odogun, Gbenga (10 July 2021). "2023: PDP may counter Southern govs on zoning, throw presidential ticket open". The Punch. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  211. ^ Momoh Jimoh, Azimazi (17 March 2022). "PDP raises 37-man panel on zoning". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  212. ^ Momoh Jimoh, Azimazi (25 March 2022). "Ortom heads PDP's zoning panel". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  213. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (11 May 2022). "PDP dumps zoning, throws presidential ticket open". Premium Times Nigeria. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  214. ^ Ibeh, Nnenna (17 March 2022). "PDP approved 50% nomination fee for youth, makes 11 other resolutions". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  215. ^ Iniobong, Iwok (18 May 2022). "2023: Nigerians flay N40m PDP forms for presidential aspirants". Businessday NG. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  216. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (21 April 2022). "2023: PDP extends sale of forms for fourth time". The Punch. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  217. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (4 May 2022). "PDP reschedules governorship, senatorial primaries". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  218. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (21 May 2022). "2023: Only elected delegates will vote at our primaries, convention – PDP". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  219. ^ Yakubu, Dirisu (16 March 2022). "[Breaking] 2023: PDP Presidential primary holds in May". Vanguard. Abuja. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  220. ^ a b Akpan, Samuel (17 March 2022). "2023: PDP releases pre-election schedule, fixes presidential primary poll for May 28". TheCable. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  221. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (29 April 2022). "2023: PDP panel screens 17 presidential aspirants, disqualifies two". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  222. ^ a b c Martins, Baba (5 May 2022). "PDP Upholds Disqualification Of Two Presidential Aspirants". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  223. ^ "[Updated] PDP NEC Dumps Zoning, Throws Contest For Presidential Ticket Open". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  224. ^ Irede, Akin (20 May 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Despite online popularity, Obi trails Atiku, Wike in race for PDP delegates". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  225. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (27 May 2022). "Analysis: How aspirants stand in PDP presidential race". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  226. ^ Ugwu, Chinagorom (28 May 2022). "Why I joined Labour Party – Peter Obi". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  227. ^ "LOWDOWN: Wike, Atiku, Tambuwal, Saraki… enter the top PDP presidential contenders". TheCable. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  228. ^ "Electoral Act: Governors To Miss Presidential Primaries, Fear Inability To Control Delegates". Sahara Reporters. 24 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  229. ^ "PDP, APC presidential primaries: How delegates emerge and go vote for di parties national conventions". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  230. ^ Udegbunam, Oge (28 May 2022). "PDP Convention: 774 delegates accredited to vote". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  231. ^ Sanusi, Abiodun (28 May 2022). "Why we stormed PDP presidential primary venue – EFCC". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  232. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther (28 May 2022). "Another PDP presidential aspirant, Hayatu-Deen, withdraws from race". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  233. ^ a b Udegbunam, Oge (28 May 2022). "PDP Convention: Tambuwal withdraws from race, endorses Atiku". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  234. ^ Adenekan, Samson (28 May 2022). "Breaking: Again, Atiku emerges PDP presidential candidate". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  235. ^ "Nigeria opposition picks veteran Abubakar as presidential candidate". Reuters. 28 May 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  236. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (June 2022). "Exclusive: Atiku Vs Wike: How state delegates voted at PDP presidential primary". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  237. ^ Ayitogo, Nasir (29 May 2022). "2023: Five factors that helped Atiku defeat Wike, others in PDP primaries". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  238. ^ Sobechi, Leo; Abuh, Adamu; Njoku, Lawrence; Akpa, Nnamdi (14 June 2022). "PDP narrows VP choice to Wike, Okowa, Udom". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  239. ^ "Just In: Atiku Announces Okowa As Running Mate". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  240. ^ a b Ogbuenyi, Nosike (16 June 2022). "Analysis: 2023: Implications of Atiku's selection of Okowa as running mate". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  241. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (16 June 2022). "Just In: Okowa favourite to emerge Atiku's running mate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  242. ^ Oyeleke, Sodiq (16 June 2022). "Full speech: Why I picked Okowa as my running mate -Atiku". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  243. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (23 March 2022). "2023: Atiku officially declares for President, vows to reduce govt borrowing". The Punch. Abuja. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  244. ^ a b c d e f Martins, Baba; Abah Emmanuel, Hope (29 March 2022). "Presidential Race: PDP Rakes In N285m From Atiku, Saraki, 6 Others". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  245. ^ Atiku Abubakar [@atiku] (30 April 2022). "I scaled the screening for the PDP Presidential primaries, but our @OfficialPDPNig delegates will determine the most consequential exam. Our consultation continues unabated" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  246. ^ Arinze, Gideon. "2023: Anyim Declares Interest in Presidency". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  247. ^ Okocha, Chuks. "Anyim, Bala Mohammed Submit PDP Presidential Forms". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  248. ^ a b c Official PDP Nigeria [@OfficialPDPNig] (30 April 2022). "2023 General Elections: As part of preparations for the 2023 Presidential Election, the @OfficialPDPNig has screened the 17 Presidential aspirants in line with the party's Guidelines for primaries. Those screened are as attached. PDP…Power to the people!" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  249. ^ a b c Yakubu, Dirisu (31 March 2022). "2023 PRESIDENCY: Udom, Hayatu-Deen, Ohuabunwa join race, pick PDP form". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  250. ^ Imukudo, Saviour (8 April 2022). "Gov Emmanuel accepts PDP form from Brekete, joins presidential race". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  251. ^ Udom Emmanuel [@MrUdomEmmanuel] (1 May 2022). "Screened and cleared to run! We have acknowledged that Nigeria is blessed but that we lack leadership. Now, the opportunity beckons for good leadership under the political party that has given Nigeria the better version of good governance. #RescueNigeria #PDP" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  252. ^ a b Martins, Baba; Moses, Peter (12 April 2022). "2023: PDP Presidential Aspirants Swell To 15". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  253. ^ "Kalu joins presidential race". The Sun. 14 April 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  254. ^ Michael, Ishola (24 March 2022). "2023: Bauchi Gov, Bala Mohammed, Gets PDP Presidential Nomination Form". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  255. ^ Oladeji, Mayowa (10 January 2022). "Momodu joins 2023 presidential race". Ripples Nigeria. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  256. ^ Addeh, Emmanuel. "Dele Momodu Submits PDP Nomination Form, Pledges to Save Nigeria from Backwardness". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  257. ^ Dele Momodu Ovation [@DeleMomodu] (29 April 2022). "Honored to be presented the certificate of clearance to contest the PDP Presidential primary in May 2022 by our dear beloved Mummy, DAME DR. ESTHER ODUEHI, Secretary to Screening Committee…" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  258. ^ "Ohuabunwa notifies PDP of intention to run for president". Premium Times. 13 January 2022. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  259. ^ Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa, OFR, MON, NPOM, FPSN [@SOhuabunwa_OFR] (30 April 2022). "Yesterday I received my provisional clearance certificate from the screening committee of the @OfficialPDPNig to contest in the primaries of our party. I call on all delegates to vote their conscience as a show of support for the emergence of a New Nigeria that works for all" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  260. ^ Adenekan, Samson (26 January 2022). "2023: Saraki declares intention to run for president". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  261. ^ Megbolu, Innocent. "Ugwu, PDP's Presidential Hopeful, Asks North to Concede Ticket to South". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  262. ^ Imukudo, Saviour (27 March 2022). "2023: Governor Wike declares for president". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  263. ^ Naku, Dennis (15 April 2022). "Wike submits presidential form, PDP promises level playing field". The Punch. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  264. ^ Orji, Ndubuisi (28 March 2022). "Road to 2023: Anakwenze obtains PDP presidential forms, promises to champion national unity". The Sun. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  265. ^ Okobi, Sunday. "2023: Hayatu-Deen Declares Presidential Bid, Vows to Tackle Insecurity, Poverty". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  266. ^ Mohammed Hayatu-Deen [@MHayatu_Deen] (1 May 2022). "Make every day count. Two days ago, my screening was another step taken in the journey to get Nigeria back from the brink. I am glad to have followed due process during the presidential screening of PDP aspirants and now received the clearance certificate. #hayatudeen" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  267. ^ Tolu-Kolawole, Deborah (28 May 2022). "2023: PDP aspirant, Hayatu-Deen, withdraws from presidential race, gives reasons". The Punch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  268. ^ Eleweke, Titus (24 March 2022). "Just In: Peter Obi Joins 2023 Presidential Race". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  269. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (31 March 2022). "Groups buy PDP presidential form for Peter Obi, pledge 10m votes". The Punch. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  270. ^ Peter Obi [@PeterObi] (30 April 2022). "Glad to have completed the PDP screening process and received my Provisional Clearance Certificate. - PO" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  271. ^ Erezi, Dennis (25 May 2022). "Peter Obi quits PDP days before presidential primaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  272. ^ Aborisade, Sunday (5 October 2021). "Okupe declares 2023 presidential ambition on PDP platform". The Punch. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  273. ^ Oludare, Ishola (30 March 2022). "Okupe withdraws from presidential race, asks Wike, others to team up with Peter Obi". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  274. ^ "Tambuwal Declares Intention To Run For Presidency In 2023". Channels TV. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  275. ^ Aminu W. Tambuwal [@AWTambuwal] (29 April 2022). "I have just received my Provisional Clearance Certificate from PDP Presidential Screening Committee. #TogetherWeRebuildNigeria" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via Twitter.
  276. ^ a b c d Odunsi, Wale (8 October 2021). "Ex-PDP governors declare bid for 2023 presidential ticket". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  277. ^ Azubuike, Chima (2 April 2022). "2023: I'll purchase presidential form if urged -Dankwambo". The Punch. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  278. ^ a b Usigbe, Leon (7 November 2021). "2023: As PDP Presidential Titans Make Their Move…". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  279. ^ "2023 Presidency: Delta group rallies support for Sule Lamido". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  280. ^ Sulaimon, Nimot. "I have no presidential ambition in 2023 – Makinde". P.M. News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  281. ^ Amodu, Taiwo (19 April 2022). "2023: APC, PDP, APGA, Labour Party Notify INEC On Convention". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  282. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Akinkuotu, Eniola; Oyero, Kayode (17 May 2022). "Timetable: INEC talks tough as 18 parties fail to conduct primaries". The Punch. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  283. ^ a b Olafusi, Ebunoluwa (4 June 2022). "39-year-old Imumolen wins presidential ticket of Accord Party". TheCable. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  284. ^ Raji, Miftaudeen. "2023: 39-yr-old Prof, Imumolen is Accord's presidential candidate". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  285. ^ Abdullahi, Idowu (25 August 2022). "Accord picks ex-Zamfara SSG as vice-presidential candidate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  286. ^ "Action Alliance postpones special convention for presidential primaries". Peoples Gazette. News Agency of Nigeria. 28 May 2022. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  287. ^ Humbe, Miriam (5 April 2022). "Action Alliance Releases Time Table For 2023 Elections". TheFact. Abuja. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  288. ^ a b "Ex-Abacha's CSO, Al-Mustapha, clinches AA presidential ticket". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  289. ^ Aborisade, Sunday. "Abacha's ex-CSO, Al-Mustapha, Emerges Action Alliance Presidential Candidate". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  290. ^ a b "Sani emerges as ADP presidential candidate". The Guardian. News Agency of Nigeria. 31 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  291. ^ Amodu, Taiwo (23 June 2022). "2023: ADP National Chairman Announces Treasurer As Running Mate". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  292. ^ "AAC Leadership Crisis Worsens". Nigerian Tribune. 15 March 2021. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  293. ^ Oloniniran, Gbenga (2 June 2022). "Court affirms Sowore as AAC chairman". The Punch. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  294. ^ "African Action Congress Party To Hold Presidential Primary Thursday". Sahara Reporters. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  295. ^ Sanusi, Abiodun (28 April 2022). "Unlike APC, PDP, our nomination form is free – AAC". The Punch. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  296. ^ "African Action Congress Party Fixes June 1 To 3 For Primary Elections". Sahara Reporters. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  297. ^ "Breaking: Sowore Steps Down As AAC National Party Chairman". Sahara Reporters. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  298. ^ a b Shibayan, Dyepkazah (9 June 2022). "Sowore wins AAC presidential primary election". TheCable. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  299. ^ Omogbolagun, Tope (9 June 2022). "Sowore steps down as AAC chairman, emerges presidential candidate". The Punch. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  300. ^ Essien, Hillary (9 June 2022). "Sowore emerges AAC consensus presidential candidate for 2023". Peoples Gazette. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  301. ^ Abdullahi, Idowu (30 June 2022). "2023: Sowore unveils running mate, vows to win Kano votes". The Punch. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  302. ^ a b Adenekan, Samson (5 June 2022). "2023: ADC, LP, PRP, others eager to test strength against APC, PDP". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  303. ^ Folasade-Koyi, Adetutu (14 April 2022). "ADC declares nomination forms free for women, youths, PWDs". The Sun. Abuja. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  304. ^ Abuh, Adamu (June 2022). "ADC chief decries monetisation of primaries as party picks presidential candidate June 8". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  305. ^ Ohwovoriole, Ogheneuvede. "ADC Presidential Ticket: Kachikwu, Moghalu, Others Take Battle to Abeokuta". ThisDay. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  306. ^ Adewole, Segun (5 June 2022). "Kachikwu, Moghalu, others jostle for ADC presidential ticket". The Punch. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  307. ^ a b Oladeji, Mayowa (9 June 2022). "2023: Moghalu fails to win ADC presidential ticket, loses to Kachikwu". Ripples Nigeria. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  308. ^ Adenekan, Samson (9 June 2022). "2023: Kachikwu defeats Moghalu, others to clinch ADC presidential ticket". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  309. ^ Okonoboh, Rita (13 June 2022). "'I won't endorse obscene corruption' — Moghalu dumps ADC after losing presidential ticket". TheCable. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  310. ^ Nseyen, Nsikak (14 June 2022). "Moghalu bribed state chairmen but lost presidential ADC ticket – Dumebi Kachikwu alleges". Daily Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  311. ^ Akintade, Adefemola (21 June 2022). "U.S. govt confiscates assets of Dumebi Kachikwu, ADC candidate who delivered cash bribes to William Jefferson". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  312. ^ Eromosele, Fortune (18 June 2022). "Just In: ADC picks Malika Sani as Kachikwu's running mate". Vanguard. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  313. ^ Onochie, Bridget Chiedu (28 July 2022). "Kachikwu unveils Ahmed Buhari as running mate". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  314. ^ Adenekan, Samson (18 September 2022). "Analysis: Peter Obi threatens the political establishment while ADC remains in disarray". Premium Times. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  315. ^ "Party suspends six national officers, state chairpersons". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  316. ^ Chideraa, Collins (9 June 2022). "Dantalle Clinches APM Presidential Ticket". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  317. ^ Moses, Orjime (8 July 2022). "APM Gets Female Presidential Candidate, As Dantalle Withdraws". Leadership. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  318. ^ "Provisional Timetable/Schedule of Activities for 2022 Primary Election". Facebook. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  319. ^ Olokor, Friday (25 March 2022). "2023: APGA begins sale of forms Tuesday". The Punch. Abuja. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  320. ^ "APGA extends sale of nomination forms by four days as over 300 aspirants troop in to pick forms". Vanguard. 10 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  321. ^ a b Olabimtan, Bolanle (June 2022). "Peter Umeadi, ex-chief judge, wins APGA presidential ticket". TheCable. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  322. ^ Chukindi, Joe (12 June 2022). "2023: APGA presidential candidate, Umeadi nominates running mate". Daily Post. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  323. ^ Adetayo, Olalekan; Alechenu, John (23 September 2021). "Jega, Utomi groups, others team up against APC, PDP, unveil party Oct 1". The Punch. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  324. ^ Olatunji, Kehinde (23 May 2022). "LP emerges '3rd Force' mega party for 2023 elections". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  325. ^ "Utomi, Falana, Jega's Third Force Mega group adopts Labour Party". Ripples Nigeria. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  326. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (23 May 2022). "Updated: Utomi, Wabba, others adopt Labour Party as third force". The Punch. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  327. ^ Adeuyi, Seun (22 April 2022). "2023: Utomi's 'Big Tent' Seeks Coalition With ADC, PRP, SDP Others". Daily Trust. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  328. ^ "Peter Obi joins Labour Party". Premium Times. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  329. ^ Anigbogu, Joy; Onoiribholo, Francis (28 May 2022). "Labour Party Welcomes Peter Obi, Others To Grand Coalition". Independent Nigeria. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  330. ^ Ufuoma, Vincent (30 May 2022). "Obi emerges Labour Party presidential candidate amid leadership crisis". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  331. ^ Terzungwe, Saawua (20 April 2022). "APC NEC To Ratify May 30/31 Presidential Primaries Today". Daily Trust. Retrieved 20 April 2022. The New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) and Labour Party (LP) have slated May 25–26 and June 3 for the presidential primaries and May 20 and June 1, 2022 for the governorship.
  332. ^ Odunsi, Wale (30 May 2022). "2023 election: 'Nigeria a laughing stock, they now spend dollars' – LP's Peter Obi's full speech". Daily Post. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  333. ^ Akintade, Adefemola (9 June 2022). "Peter Obi's Labour Party recognised by INEC". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  334. ^ a b Adenekan, Samson (7 July 2022). "Okupe withdraws as Peter Obi's running mate". Premium Times. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  335. ^ Irede, Akin (11 July 2022). "Nigeria: Can Baba-Ahmed boost Peter Obi's chances in the Muslim north?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  336. ^ Babangida, Mohammed (14 July 2022). "Datti Baba-Ahmed: The economist selling Obi's candidature in northern Nigeria". Premium Times. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  337. ^ "Senate passes bill prohibiting same sex marriage". 30 November 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2023 – via www.youtube.com.
  338. ^ "Nigeria Passes Anti-LGB Bill". 30 November 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  339. ^ "Nigeria criminalizes gay marriage, advocacy". www.cbsnews.com. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  340. ^ Samuel, Edward (8 April 2022). "2023: NRM Approves Sales Of Expression Of Interest Form For Youths, Women, Others". Voice of Nigeria. Abuja. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  341. ^ a b Joshua, Kingsley (2 June 2022). "2023: Nwa-Anyajike Emerges NRM Presidential Candidate In Land Slide Victory". Independent Nigeria. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  342. ^ Abuh, Adamu (27 July 2022). "2023: Uproar as INEC removes Mwa-Anyajike as NRM presidential candidate". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  343. ^ a b c d e f Adenekan, Samson (20 September 2022). "Download: Full List of 2023 Presidential, Vice Presidential, NASS candidates". Premium Times. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  344. ^ Olokor, Friday (29 March 2022). "[Updated] 2023: Finally, Kwankwaso dumps PDP for NNPP". The Punch. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  345. ^ Babangida, Mohammed (18 May 2022). "Analysis: How NNPP became Kano's main opposition party within three months". Premium Times. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  346. ^ Olokor, Friday (30 March 2022). "Kwankwanso emerges NNPP national leader". The Punch. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  347. ^ Sobechi, Leo; Akubo, John; Adewale, Murtala (17 May 2022). "From Kano, NNPP plots national upset with Kwankwasiyya". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  348. ^ "Schedule of activities for New Nigeria People's Party NNPP ahead of 2023 general election, sales of forms and cost of Expression of Interest and Nomination Forms". Facebook. New Nigeria People's Party -NNPP. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  349. ^ Akowe, Tony. "NNPP offers Obi vice presidential ticket". The Nation. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  350. ^ Egobiambu, Emmanuel. "Peter Obi Could Have Been My Vice President In NNPP – Kwankwaso". Channels TV. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  351. ^ Edeme, Victoria (26 May 2022). "Presidency: Industrialist steps down, becomes Kwankwaso's running mate". The Punch. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  352. ^ Obogo, Chinelo (5 June 2022). "Kwankwaso only presidential candidate of NNPP -Aniegbonam, founder". The Sun. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  353. ^ Lawal, Taofeek (8 June 2022). "2023: 774 Delegates To Elect NNPP Presidential Candidate Today In Abuja". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  354. ^ Uthman, Samad (18 June 2022). "Ladipo Johnson named Kwankwaso's running mate". TheCable. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  355. ^ "2023: NNPP Announces Ladipo Johnson As Kwankwanso's Running Mate". Leadership. 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  356. ^ Adenekan, Samson (14 July 2022). "After failed alliance talks with Obi, Kwankwaso picks popular cleric, Isaac Idahosa, as running mate". Premium Times. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  357. ^ Ogundele, Bolaji. "PRP: we charge N2.5m, N10m for governorship, presidential forms". The Nation. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  358. ^ a b "Kola Abiola declared winner of PRP presidential primary". TheCable. News Agency of Nigeria. 5 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  359. ^ Tauna, Amos (13 May 2022). "SDP announces dates for Congresses, National Convention". Daily Post. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  360. ^ Jimoh, Abbas (31 May 2022). "SDP To Pick Presidential Candidate June 8". Daily Trust. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  361. ^ Olumide, Seye; Omolaoye, Sodiq (29 March 2022). "SDP sells nomination forms at N35m to presidential aspirants". The Guardian. Ibadan and Abuja. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  362. ^ Agboluaje, Rotimi (5 May 2022). "SouthWest SDP leaders warn INEC against recognising Garba, Agunloye". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  363. ^ "Leadership Crisis Tears SDP Apart". The Will Nigeria. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  364. ^ a b "2023: Ebenezer Ikeyina emerges SDP presidential candidate". Peoples Gazette. News Agency of Nigeria. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  365. ^ Akpan, Samuel (31 May 2022). "Ebenezer Ikeyina, ex-lawmaker, wins presidential primary organised by SDP faction". TheCable. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  366. ^ Adenekan, Samson (June 2022). "2023: SDP faction picks ex-Senator as presidential candidate". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  367. ^ a b Yakubu, Dirisu (8 June 2022). "Just In: Adebayo wins SDP Presidential Primaries". Vanguard. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  368. ^ a b Jimoh, Abbas (9 June 2022). "2023: Ebira Monarch's Son, Malik Ado-Ibrahim Wins YPP Presidential Ticket". Daily Trust. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  369. ^ Eromosele, Fortune (8 June 2022). "Prince Malik Ado-Ibrahim emerges YPP presidential candidate". Vanguard. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  370. ^ a b Yakubu, Dirisu (8 June 2022). "2023: Nwanyanwu clinches ZPA Presidential ticket". Vanguard. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  371. ^ "ZLP resumes sales of nomination forms". The Sun. News Agency of Nigeria. 9 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  372. ^ a b c "Schedule of Activities for 2023 General Election". ThisDay. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  373. ^ Sanni, Kunle (6 February 2020). "Updated: INEC deregisters 74 political parties". Premium Times. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  374. ^ "Why INEC deregistered 74 political parties". Vanguard. News Agency of Nigeria. 6 February 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  375. ^ Ajayi, Omeiza (6 February 2020). "Full list of the 74 parties deregistered by INEC". Vanguard. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  376. ^ Okocha, Chuks. "INEC: We are Not Registering New Parties Because They Won't Participate in 2023 Elections". ThisDay. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  377. ^ Akpan, Samuel (10 June 2022). "INEC asks presidential candidates to keep to deadline for naming running mates". TheCable. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  378. ^ Jimoh, Abbas (24 June 2022). "Akpabio, Lawan Missing As INEC Publishes List Of 2023 Candidates". Daily Trust. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  379. ^ "2023: IPAC seeks 2 months extension for party primaries". Daily Nigerian. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  380. ^ Adenekan, Samson (10 May 2022). "INEC rejects parties' request for extension of deadline for primaries". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  381. ^ "Updated: INEC Extends Deadline For Party Primaries By Six Days". Channels TV. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  382. ^ Tolu-Kolawole, Deborah (31 May 2022). "We're disappointed by your extension, group tells INEC". The Punch. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  383. ^ "SERAP, others sue INEC for not extending voter registration". Premium Times. Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project. 5 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  384. ^ Adelagun, Oluwakemi (9 June 2022). "Traders in Alaba International shut down market for PVC collection". Premium Times. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  385. ^ Ijaseun, David (9 June 2022). "Voters meet challenges in move to beat PVC deadline". BusinessDay. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  386. ^ Oloniniran, Gbenga (10 June 2022). "INEC deploys extra voter enrolment machines to Lagos, others". The Punch. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  387. ^ Edeme, Victoria (11 June 2022). "Nigerians'll soon hear from us on extension of voter registration – INEC". The Punch. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  388. ^ "Court halts INEC's plan to stop voter registration on June 30". Premium Times. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  389. ^ Olatunji, Raji (21 June 2022). "INEC says it will comply with court ruling on voter registration deadline". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  390. ^ "Breaking: INEC extends voter registration by two more weeks, to end July 31". TheCable. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  391. ^ "11 Nigerian states declare 'holidays' for PVC registrations". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  392. ^ a b Obogo, Chinelo (August 2022). "Over 12 million Nigerians have registered to vote in 2023 poll – INEC". The Sun. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  393. ^ "Nigeria adds 10.5 million young voters ahead of 2023 election". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  394. ^ "Eight Million Youths Complete Voter Registration Ahead Of 2023 Elections". Channels TV. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  395. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola; Odeniyi, Solomon; Angbulu, Stephen (2 August 2022). "North-West, South-West lead as INEC registers 96.2 million". The Punch. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  396. ^ Nze, Emeka (30 August 2022). "2023: INEC inaugurates Election Crisis Communication Team". Blueprint Newspaper. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  397. ^ "INEC detects several double registrants in CVR". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  398. ^ "List of one million delisted voters - INEC breakdown according to states". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 13 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  399. ^ "An election umpire besieged on all sides". Africa Confidential. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  400. ^ Adenekan, Samson. "CVR: INEC delists 2.78m registrants, says Nigeria's voting population now 93.5m". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  401. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (17 November 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Outrage as children litter voter register 100 days to election". The Africa Report. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  402. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (16 November 2022). "Nigeria: Obi, Tinubu, Atiku… Will identity politics trigger electoral violence in 2023?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  403. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (16 November 2022). "Nigeria 2023: As Tinubu takes flag from Buhari, a review of the reviewers". The Africa Report. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  404. ^ Onukwue, Alexander (7 November 2022). "Nigeria's first real-time elections tracker is switched on for the 2023 polls". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  405. ^ a b c Suleiman, Qosim (11 January 2023). "2023 Polls: Youth population tops age distribution chart as INEC presents list of 93.4 registered voters". Premium Times. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  406. ^ a b Asadu, Chinedu (9 December 2022). "Violent attacks threaten Nigeria's upcoming 2023 elections". Associated Press. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  407. ^ Obiezu, Timothy (12 December 2022). "Attacks on Election Facilities Raise Concerns Ahead of Nigeria's February Polls". Voice of America. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  408. ^ Ajanaku, Armsfree (18 December 2022). "2023 Polls: CDD advocates conflict sensitive reporting". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  409. ^ a b Clynch, Harry (14 December 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Will Nigerians see a peaceful transition of power?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  410. ^ Adepetun, Adeyemi (8 December 2022). "Facebook prepares for Nigeria's elections, tightens noose on misinformation". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  411. ^ Kabir, Adejumo; Dahiru, Aliyu (12 December 2022). "2023: These Politicians Are Fueling Violence With The Spread Of Hate Speech". HumAngle. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  412. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: What naira redesign means for Tinubu, Atiku, Obi, Kwankwaso". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  413. ^ Ngila, Faustine (17 January 2023). "Why Nigeria's central bank governor self-exiled abroad?". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  414. ^ Umoru, Henry; Nwabughiogu, Levinus. "NASS, CBN battle over old naira notes' deadline". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  415. ^ "We're determined to confront vote buying during 2023 polls – INEC". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  416. ^ Ezeamalu, Ben (23 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Electoral umpire helpless in political parties' vote-buying antics". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  417. ^ "Election Manipulation Risks Index" (PDF). YIAGA Africa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  418. ^ a b "Insecurity could derail Nigeria polls, election commission warns". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  419. ^ a b "INEC has no plans to postpone 2023 elections – Yakubu". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  420. ^ a b Adetayo, Ope. "Attacks on electoral commission spark concerns for Nigeria polls". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  421. ^ Shuaib, Ibrahim. "Attacks intensify in Nigeria ahead of Feb 25 polls". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  422. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (5 February 2023). "PT State of the Race: Will Nigeria's presidential election hold on 25 February?". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  423. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (8 February 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Fear of election postponement mounts amid cash, petrol crisis". The Africa Report. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  424. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (13 January 2023). "INEC extends deadline for collection of PVCs". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  425. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (28 January 2023). "Again, INEC extends timeline for collection of PVC". Premium Times. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  426. ^ a b Suleiman, Qosim (23 February 2023). "NigeriaDecides2023: Bauchi, Anambra, Katsina top collection as 93% of registered voters obtain PVCs". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  427. ^ Ayantoye, Daniel (25 February 2023). "INEC promises speedy conclusion of electoral process". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  428. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (23 February 2023). "ANALYSIS: NigeriaDecides2023: Reviewing INEC's preparation for Nigeria's 'best election'". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  429. ^ YIAGA Africa [@YIAGA] (25 February 2023). "By 9:30 am, accreditation and voting had commenced in 41% of polling units" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  430. ^ Nigeria Civil Society Situation Room [@SituationRoomNg] (25 February 2023). "INTERIM STATEMENT ON THE START OF THE 2023 GENERAL ELECTION" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  431. ^ "#NigeriaDecides 2023: Second snapshot". SBM Intelligence. 25 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  432. ^ Nicholas Ibekwe [@nicholasibekwe] (25 February 2023). "Just learnt that in Badagry some political parties are "mobilising" their members with CFA franc" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  433. ^ "Vote-Buying: Party Agents Share Cash, Soft Drinks, Biscuits, Plastic Bowls To Induce Nigerian Voters Amid Naira Scarcity". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  434. ^ Toromade, Samson (25 February 2023). "Violence, intimidation disrupts election in Lagos". Pulse.ng. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  435. ^ "Angry youth attack journalists, voters in Ibadan". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 25 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  436. ^ "Thugs Beat Up ICIR Founder While Covering Election In Abuja". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  437. ^ Naku, Dennis; Sanusi, Abiodun (25 February 2023). "NigeriaElections2023: Rivers police assault, arrest PUNCHman on election duty". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  438. ^ Adeyemi, Ameedat (25 February 2023). "APC thugs ambush Peoples Gazette's reporter at Lagos polling unit, delete files from her cloud storage". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  439. ^ Orimemi, Victory (26 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: WikkiTimes publisher arrested in Bauchi while covering voters' protest". TheCable. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  440. ^ Chime, Vivian (26 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: TheCable journalist assaulted by 'thugs' in Delta". TheCable. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  441. ^ Sanusi, Abiodun (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: 14 journalists detained, attacked by police, others –Report". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  442. ^ Ejekwonyilo, Ameh (25 February 2023). "JUST IN: #NigeriaDecides2023: Thugs disrupt elections, steal BVAS machines – INEC Chair Yakubu". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  443. ^ YIAGA Africa [@YIAGA] (25 February 2023). "Following the late opening of polls in most polling units due to logistics challenges and challenges voters encountered in locating their polling units, Yiaga Africa has called on @inecnigeria to extend voting hours from 2:30pm to 4 - 5pm" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  444. ^ Olokor, Friday (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElection2023: Extend voting period, CDD tells INEC". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  445. ^ Are, Jesupemi (25 February 2023). "BREAKING: INEC suspends election in 141 polling units in Bayelsa". TheCable. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  446. ^ Aworinde, Oluwatobi. "INEC Declares One-Day Extension Of Voting In Cross River". Channels TV. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  447. ^ "#NigeriaDecides2023 turnout projection". SBM Intelligence. 25 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  448. ^ Sulaimon, Adekunle (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC backtracks on promise to upload results from polling units". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  449. ^ Shaibu, Nathaniel (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: YIAGA expresses concern over failed result upload". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  450. ^ Osaji, Sharon (25 February 2023). "#Uploadtheresults trends on Twitter, INEC bows to pressure". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  451. ^ Alechenu, John. "Peter Obi raises alarm over INEC's alleged refusal to upload results". Vanguard. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  452. ^ Osaji, Sharon (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC officials refusing to upload election results in Lagos, Delta – LP". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  453. ^ Tolu-Kolawole, Deborah (25 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC begins uploading of presidential results on portal". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  454. ^ Afikuyomi, Tokunbo. "Only 10% of Presidential election results released by INEC". Stears. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  455. ^ "INEC: Voting continues today in parts of Cross River, Kogi". TheCable. News Agency of Nigeria. 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  456. ^ "Nigeria election 2023 update: INEC extend voting for Cross River, Bayelsa states". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  457. ^ Umehin, Justin (26 February 2023). "2023 Election: Voting Continues In Bayelsa State". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  458. ^ "CDD releases preliminary report on polls, alleges voter suppression". The Nation. 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  459. ^ Odoh, Innocent (26 February 2023). "US, UK, IRI Observers React To Electoral Process". Leadership. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  460. ^ Jannamike, Luminous. "Address issues threatening to mar credibility of election results, CSO charges INEC". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  461. ^ Adeyemi, Ibrahim (26 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: CDD identifies factors hindering INEC's performance". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  462. ^ Habib, Gift (26 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC opens collation centre, awaits results". The Punch. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  463. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (26 February 2023). "INEC speaks on slow update on IReV election result portal, allays fears". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  464. ^ "Elections: Labour Party alleges malpractice, calls for cancellation, Buhari's intervention". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  465. ^ Alechenu, John. "Atiku tells INEC Collation Officers to upload election results to server". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  466. ^ Oko, Steve. "Abia REC allegedly arrested as INEC re-schedule polls". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  467. ^ Adeyemi, Ibrahim (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: International observers blame INEC for identified challenges". Premium Times. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  468. ^ "Preliminary Statement of the Joint NDI/IRI International Observer Mission to Nigeria's 2023 Presidential and Legislative Elections". International Republican Institute. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  469. ^ "Nigeria Labour Congress Condemns Electoral Body, INEC Over Poor Conduct Of General Elections". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  470. ^ John, Adegwu (27 February 2023). "2023 Polls: INEC Subverting Will Of Nigerians, NLC Alleges". Leadership. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  471. ^ Suleiman, Qosim (27 February 2023). "Party agents protest delay in uploading results on iReV, discrepancies in results". Premium Times. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  472. ^ Adeyemi, Ibrahim (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: PDP, Labour Party, others walk out of presidential collation centre, accuse INEC of fraud". Premium Times. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  473. ^ Orjinmo, Nduka (27 February 2023). "Nigeria election results 2023: Opposition PDP and Labour Party accuse APC and Inec". BBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  474. ^ "Elections held on schedule, but lack of transparency and operational failures reduced trust in the process and challenged the right to vote". European External Action Service. European Union Election Observation Mission Nigeria 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  475. ^ Bolaji, Samuel (March 2023). "INEC presents Certificates of Return to Tinubu, Shettima". The Punch. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  476. ^ Adio, Waziri. "Factors Likely to Shape the Presidential Poll". ThisDay. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  477. ^ Mojeed, Abdulkareem (23 February 2023). "NigeriaDecides2023: Climate Change policies of leading presidential candidates unconvincing". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  478. ^ Alaka, Jide (23 February 2023). "NigeriaDecides2023: How Nigeria's presidential candidates plan to develop sports". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  479. ^ Moses, Peter (9 January 2023). "Over 60% Of Tinubu, Atiku, Obi's Campaigns Based On Irrelevant Issues – Report". Daily Trust. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  480. ^ Sunday, Ochogwu (28 April 2021). "INEC announces date for 2023 general elections". Daily Post. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  481. ^ "#AnambraDecides: INEC declares Soludo winner of governorship election". TheCable. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  482. ^ "After weeks of consultation, Tinubu jets to London 'to see his family'". TheCable. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  483. ^ "Alleged Blasphemy: Why I deleted tweet about Deborah Samuel's murder – Atiku". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 14 May 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  484. ^ Abdullahi, Idowu (25 May 2022). "Atiku releases five-point agenda for Nigeria". The Punch. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  485. ^ Oluwagbemi, Ayodele (25 May 2022). "Updated: Peter Obi dumps PDP, withdraws from presidential primary". The Punch. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  486. ^ Oluwafemi, Ayodele (17 June 2022). "Doyin Okupe: Labour Party discussing with NNPP, SDP to form coalition". TheCable. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  487. ^ Maishanu, Abubakar Ahmadu (18 June 2022). "Kwankwaso speaks on merger talks with Peter Obi's Labour Party". Premium Times. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  488. ^ "INEC declares APC's Biodun Oyebanji as winner of Ekiti governorship election". The Guardian. 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  489. ^ "2023: Controversy Trails Tinubu's INEC Filings". Daily Trust. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  490. ^ Essien, Hillary (24 June 2022). "I didn't attend primary, secondary schools; my university certificates stolen by unknown soldiers, Tinubu tells INEC". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  491. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (26 June 2022). "PT State of the Race: Tinubu's "lost" certificates and Wike's message to Atiku". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  492. ^ a b Majeed, Bakare (5 July 2022). "Peter Obi ends alliance talks with NNPP, to announce substantive running mate by Friday". Premium Times. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  493. ^ a b "Atiku Returns To Nigeria, Sets To Join PDP Governorship Rally In Osun". Sahara Reporters. 14 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  494. ^ Yusuf, Kabir (17 July 2022). "INEC declares PDP's Adeleke winner of Osun governorship election". Premium Times. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  495. ^ a b Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo (20 July 2022). "Confusion as pastors, bishops attend Shettima's unveiling". The Punch. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  496. ^ a b Olokor, Friday (20 July 2022). "Mention bishops at Shettima's unveiling, CAN dares APC". The Punch. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  497. ^ a b Oloniniran, Gbenga (20 July 2022). "Fake bishops: P-Square's Peter, activists, others knock APC". The Punch. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  498. ^ "'Bishops at APC unveiling': Who be di Christian clerics wey attend Kashim Shettima unveiling as APC vice-presidential candidate?". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 21 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  499. ^ a b "A 3-horse Presidential Race and a lone outsider". ANAP Foundation. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  500. ^ a b c Imukudo, Saviour. "PDP Crisis: Wike's group withdraws from Atiku's campaign". Premium Times. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  501. ^ Gabriel, Emameh. "As INEC Blows Whistle for Take-off of 2023 Election Campaign Today…". ThisDay. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  502. ^ Olokor, Friday; Yakubu, Dirisu; Olaniyi, Olufemi; Naku, Dennis (29 September 2022). "Atiku launches campaign, books, aggrieved govs boycott event". The Punch. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  503. ^ Inyang, Ifreke (6 October 2022). "Breaking: Tinubu returns from UK, lands in Abuja [VIDEO]". Daily Post. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  504. ^ a b Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo; Sanusi, Abiodun; Ibrahim, El-ameen; Shaibu, Nathaniel; Olaniyi, Olufemi (17 October 2022). "Fresh trouble hits Atiku over anti-Yoruba, Igbo comment". The Punch. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  505. ^ Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo (20 October 2022). "Tinubu presents 80-page manifesto, prioritises security, economy". The Punch. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  506. ^ "Buhari inaugurates APC presidential campaign council, unveils party's action plan". Peoples Gazette. News Agency of Nigeria. 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  507. ^ a b Adenekan, Samson. "LP inaugurates 1,453-member campaign team, says Peter Obi lacks money to fund campaign alone". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  508. ^ a b Olawale, Jelilat (29 October 2022). "'We go change Nigeria for good' - Peter Obi tok for Labour party campaign flag-off". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  509. ^ a b c d Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "2023: Tinubu, Atiku absent at presidential town hall meeting". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  510. ^ a b Akintade, Adefemola (8 November 2022). "U.S. court releases certified true copies of Bola Tinubu's drug dealing, money laundering case in Chicago". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  511. ^ a b Elumoye, Deji; Ezigbo, Onyebuchi; Aborisade, Sunday; Orizu, Udora; Ohwovoriole, Oghenevwede. "At Arise Presidential Town Hall Series II, Economy, Security Come Under Focus". ThisDay. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  512. ^ a b Yusuf, Kabir. "Another poll shows Peter Obi leads Atiku, Tinubu, Kwankwaso". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  513. ^ "PDP Crisis: Wike, Makinde, others meet in Lagos, form Integrity Group". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  514. ^ a b Peter Obi [@PeterObi] (4 December 2022). "I have the honour to present our 72-page Manifesto, titled, "It's POssible: Our Pact with Nigerians." This Manifesto, its overarching and visionary policy planks, lay out our mission focus and mandate for securing, uniting and making Nigeria productive" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  515. ^ a b Majeed, Bakare. "Arise TV Town Hall: Again, Tinubu stays away as Atiku, Obi, Kwankwaso attend". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  516. ^ Ugwu, Chinagorom (12 December 2022). "Police officer, three gunmen killed in another attack on INEC office". Premium Times. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  517. ^ a b Ejekwonyilo, Ameh (19 December 2022). "UPDATED: Court jails Peter Obi's campaign chief Doyin Okupe for money laundering". Premium Times. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  518. ^ a b Adewole, Segun (20 December 2022). "Okupe steps down as Obi-Datti campaign DG". The Punch. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  519. ^ a b Olorunfemi, Victor (9 January 2023). "AUDIO: Atiku busted for using Fasawe, Andy Uba to corner billions in federal contracts as Nigeria's vice-president". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  520. ^ a b c Famoroti, Michael (7 February 2023). "Stears' poll predicts who will be Nigeria's next president". Stears. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  521. ^ Adedokun, Theophilus (9 February 2023). "NUC orders closure of universities for elections". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  522. ^ Bolaji, Samuel (22 February 2023). "PICTORIAL: Obi, Tinubu, Atiku, others sign Peace Accord". The Punch. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  523. ^ "Ibrahim Masari withdraws as Tinubu's 'placeholder' running mate | TheCable". TheCable. 10 July 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  524. ^ Council on Foreign Relations (23 June 2022). "Nigeria: APC Runs Into Headwinds As Christian Opposition to Muslim-Muslim Ticket Gains Traction in Nigeria". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 5 March 2023 – via allAfrica.com.
  525. ^ "Atiku battles to avert PDP's collapse, Wike's loyalists threaten defection". The Punch. July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  526. ^ Ogbuenyi, Nosike (July 2022). "Analysis: Atiku under storms as Fayose, Ortom, Obasanjo fire salvos". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  527. ^ Irede, Akin (4 July 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Will Wike play the spoiler for Atiku's campaign?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  528. ^ Olokor, Friday; Baiyewu, Leke; Tolu-Kolawole, Deborah; Naku, Dennis; Ibrahim, El-ameen; Isenyo, Godwin; Shaibu, Nathaniel; Naku, Dennis; Ochei, Matthew (4 July 2022). "Updated: PDP sets up panel to beg Wike". The Punch. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  529. ^ Ajaja, Tunde; Naku, Dennis (2 July 2022). "Atiku US trip delays PDP peace moves, ex-VP plans meeting with Wike". The Punch. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  530. ^ Ugwu, Chinagorom (22 June 2022). "Peter Obi visits Wike in Rivers". Premium Times. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  531. ^ "PHOTOS: Kwankwaso Meets Wike In Port Harcourt". Daily Trust. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  532. ^ Ajibola, Akinola. "2023 Presidency: Why I Cannot Be Running Mate To Peter Obi – Kwankwaso". Channels TV. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  533. ^ Uthman, Samad (4 July 2022). "Kwankwaso: Northerners won't vote for Peter Obi or any south-easterner in 2023". TheCable. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  534. ^ Edozie, Victor; Martins, Baba (9 July 2022). "APC Governors Meet Wike As Ayu Returns Amidst Ouster Plot". Daily Trust. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  535. ^ Ajaja, Tunde; Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo; Ibrahim, El-ameen; Aina, Damilola; Naku, Dennis (9 July 2022). "APC exploits PDP crisis, Atiku's absence, woos Wike". The Punch. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  536. ^ "Atiku travels to UK as continued stay abroad worries PDP leaders, stakeholders". Vanguard. 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  537. ^ Babalola, Ayoola (15 July 2022). "Exclusive: In secret memo to Buhari, SSS warns Tinubu's Muslim-Muslim ticket will destabilise Nigeria, endanger Christian lives". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  538. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (17 July 2022). "PT State of the Race: Storm over Tinubu's same faith ticket". Premium Times. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  539. ^ Irede, Akin (22 July 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Is the Labour Party's woeful outing in Ekiti, Osun a concern for Peter Obi?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  540. ^ Irede, Akin (18 July 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Dancing senator's victory over Tinubu candidate ignites Atiku hopes". The Africa Report. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  541. ^ Olokor, Friday (29 July 2022). "Don't vote Muslim-Muslim ticket – Northern APC Christians". The Punch. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  542. ^ Olokor, Friday; Oyero, Kayode; Okere, Alexander; Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo (30 July 2022). "Northern Christian heavyweights launch offensive against Tinubu, Shettima". The Punch. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  543. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: Dogara, Lawal lead insurgency in APC over Tinubu's same faith ticket". Premium Times. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  544. ^ Abuh, Adamu (30 July 2022). "Muslim-muslim ticket: APC now looks like 'janjaweed' party, says Dogara". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  545. ^ Ugwu, Chinagorom. "2023: PDP crisis worsens as Wike attacks Atiku, others". Premium Times. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  546. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "Inside details of Wike's anti-Atiku meeting with PDP associates". Premium Times. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  547. ^ Irede, Akin (10 August 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Muslim ticket banks on Christian campaign manager to pull in votes". The Africa Report. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  548. ^ Sunday, Ochogwu (4 August 2022). "APC picks Christian Gov as Tinubu's campaign DG". Daily Post. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  549. ^ Majeed, Bakare. "2023: Governor Lalong appointed DG of APC's presidential campaign". Premium Times. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  550. ^ Ogundele, Bolaji. "UpdatedED: Lalong is DG APC Presidential Campaign". The Nation. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  551. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "2023: PDP Crisis: Atiku, Wike in closed-door meeting". Premium Times. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  552. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "Atiku, Wike agree on reconciliation framework". Premium Times. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  553. ^ Alechenu, John. "PDP Crisis: Atiku, Wike agree on 14-member panel". Vanguard. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  554. ^ Omolaoye, Sodiq (9 August 2022). "Northern APC stakeholders protest, reject Lalong as campaign DG". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  555. ^ Adenekan, Samson. "2023: Kukah slams Buhari, APC over Muslim-Muslim presidential ticket, says decision 'reprehensible'". Premium Times. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  556. ^ Momoh Jimoh, Azimazi; Godwin, Ann (9 August 2022). "Wike, Atiku camps return to trenches". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  557. ^ Majeed, Bakare. "2023: Atiku's ally attacks Wike as PDP crisis deepens". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  558. ^ "Opposition fall-out shakes up election plans". Africa Confidential. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  559. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: What Nigerian voters registration numbers mean for Tinubu, Atiku, Obi". Premium Times. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  560. ^ Babangida, Mohammed. "2023: APC chieftain confirms Tinubu met Wike in London, insists meeting "fruitful"". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  561. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "Obasanjo, Wike, Peter Obi, others meet in London". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  562. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "2023: Atiku, Wike finally meet in London". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  563. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: What does Obasanjo want as Wike drags Tinubu, Atiku, Obi to London?". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  564. ^ Okocha, Chuks. "Wike's Camp Insists Ayu's Ouster Irreducible Condition for Peace". ThisDay. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  565. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "2023: Wike's group tips Arapaja as PDP interim national chairman". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  566. ^ Martins, Baba; Akote, Abubakar (29 August 2022). "Mixed Reactions Trail Atiku, Tinubu, Obi, Wike London Parleys". Daily Trust. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  567. ^ Akinsanmi, Gboyega. "Ex-Foreign Affairs Ministers Tackle Atiku, Tinubu, Obi over London Meetings". ThisDay. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  568. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (26 August 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Can Peter Obi, Kwankwaso spark a presidential runoff". The Africa Report. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  569. ^ Sobechi, Leo (September 2022). "Troubled parties: APC, PDP, others submerged in internal crises". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  570. ^ Adewole, Segun (31 August 2022). "Defections raise Kano's stake, presidential heavyweights battle for massive votes". The Punch. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  571. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: PDP's unending crisis and Shekarau's endless merry-go-round". Premium Times. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  572. ^ "With 177 Days to Presidential Poll, Race Still Too Close to Call". ThisDay. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  573. ^ Mudashir, Ismail; Oloyede, Clement A.; Aliyu, Abdullateef (11 September 2022). "As Campaigns Begin: How Atiku, Tinubu, Kwankwaso, Obi Stand". Daily Trust. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  574. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "Analysis: Is PDP's sacrifice enough to appease Wike, aggrieved members?". Premium Times. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  575. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: Wike exhumes APC plot against Tinubu as Atiku calls bluff". Premium Times. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  576. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (12 September 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Tinubu, Peter Obi's chances rise as Wike moves to sink Atiku's campaign". The Africa Report. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  577. ^ Ososanya, Tunde (22 September 2022). "Wetin fit happun if APC, PDP crisis no end soon – Analysts tok". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  578. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: ANAP poll and the Peter Obi challenge". Premium Times. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  579. ^ Majeed, Bakare. "2023: Atiku, Obi, others sign peace accord as Tinubu is absent". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  580. ^ Asadu, Chinedu. "Nigerian presidential hopefuls sign election peace accord". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  581. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "2023: Wike, Makinde, Ortom, others shun inauguration of PDP campaign council". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  582. ^ Wakeley, James (28 September 2022). "The Third Man? Electoral Sentiment in Nigeria & Peter Obi". Premise Data. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  583. ^ Morgan, Oluwafemi; Nejo, Abiodun; Isenyo, Godwin; Ochei, Matthew; Bakam, Armstrong (October 2022). "Obi supporters hold rallies in Lagos, Kaduna, others". The Punch. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  584. ^ a b c Abidoye, Bisi. "PT State of the Race: Obidients dominate as Tinubu, Atiku face domestic problems". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  585. ^ Folorunsho-Francis, Adebayo (28 September 2022). "Obi to unveil campaign council after PUNCH's report". The Punch. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  586. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (28 September 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Protests over Tinubu's same faith ticket frustrates APC's campaign". The Africa Report. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  587. ^ Odunsi, Wale (14 October 2022). "LP rejigs Peter Obi campaign team list, removes ex-General Enenche, NLC, TUC presidents". Daily Post. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  588. ^ Alike, Ejiofor. "Campaign Council List Unsettles Labour Party". ThisDay. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  589. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "State of the Race: Kaduna gaffe adds to Atiku's woes". Premium Times. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  590. ^ Majeed, Bakare. "2023: Buhari, Tinubu, Adamu retain positions as APC releases reviewed presidential campaign council list". Premium Times. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  591. ^ Majeed, Bakare. "Buhari unveils Tinubu's manifesto, says Nigeria safer under APC". Premium Times. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  592. ^ Angalapu, Dengiyefa. "ANALYSIS: How flooding may affect Nigeria's 2023 elections". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  593. ^ "[Photos/Video] Peter Obi flags-off campaign in Lafia". Vanguard. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  594. ^ a b Adenekan, Samson. "Atiku, Tinubu, Obi, Kwankwaso invited for Sunday debate". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  595. ^ Terzungwe, Saawua; Martins, Baba; Sule, Itodo Daniel (14 November 2022). "Tinubu: APC, PDP, LP Clash Over $460,000 Forfeiture In US". Daily Trust. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  596. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (10 November 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Will past US drug cash settlement dent Tinubu's electoral chances?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  597. ^ "PDP crisis: Wike, allies form 'Integrity Group'". The Punch. News Agency of Nigeria. 20 November 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  598. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther. "2023: Ortom dumps Atiku, supporters, hosts four governors". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  599. ^ "PDP Crisis: Wike, Ortom, others visit, woo Bauchi governor". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  600. ^ Sobechi, Leo; Oyewole, Rauf (19 November 2022). "How Bala's sneeze forced PDP leaders into precipitate troubleshooting". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  601. ^ Enumah, Alex. "Breaking: Dogara Group Endorses Atiku for President". ThisDay. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  602. ^ Ezeamalu, Ben (8 December 2022). "Nigeria 2023: Peter Obi continues momentum but Labour Party crisis headache remains". The Africa Report. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  603. ^ "W etin dey inside Peter Obi manifesto". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 4 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  604. ^ Alechenu, John. "Obi, Baba-Ahmed release 62-pages manifesto 'Pact with Nigeria'". Vanguard. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  605. ^ Adanna, Nnamani (28 December 2022). "Osuntokun replaces Okupe as Obi's campaign DG". The Sun. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  606. ^ "Five PDP 'Rebel' Governors Return To UK, Meet To Decide Presidential Candidate For 2023 Elections". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  607. ^ Akinlotan, Olasunkanmi (January 2023). "UPDATED: 2023: Obasanjo endorses Peter Obi for president". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  608. ^ Abidoye, Bisi. "Interview". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  609. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (9 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Can Buhari push Tinubu across the finish line?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  610. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (26 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Are Buhari's men frustrating Tinubu's campaign?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  611. ^ Momoh Jimoh, Azimazi; Jeremiah, Kingsley; Gyamfi, Charles Coffie (26 January 2023). "Tinubu jabs FG, alleges sabotage with fuel crisis, naira redesign". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  612. ^ "'Hide petrol, hide naira notes, we go still win' - Tinubu". BBC Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  613. ^ "Nigerians question Tinubu's election sabotage claims". BBC. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  614. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (29 January 2023). "PT State of the Race: Enemy or Friend: Tinubu's topsy-turvy relationship with Buhari". Premium Times. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  615. ^ a b Abidoye, Bisi (22 January 2023). "PT State of the Race: APC, PDP flex muscles as campaigns enter final month". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  616. ^ Matthew, Dammy (24 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Can Atiku win the north?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  617. ^ Ezeamalu, Ben (24 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Will Peter Obi momentum end south-easterners' voting apathy?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  618. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (16 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Can Peter Obi get the vote spread required for victory?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  619. ^ Abidoye, Bisi (12 February 2023). "PT State of the Race: Campaigns for unique Nigerian presidential election enter homestretch". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  620. ^ Maclean, Ruth (22 February 2023). "Nigeria's Cash Crunch Causes Chaos and Suffering Before Crucial Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  621. ^ Babangida, Mohammed (17 February 2023). "Naira Redesign: Kano governor says Buhari destroying APC, democracy". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  622. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (6 February 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Tinubu takes battle to Buhari's cabal". The Africa Report. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  623. ^ Akinkuotu, Eniola (17 February 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Civil war erupts in APC one week to presidential election". The Africa Report. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  624. ^ Akinwale, Adedayo. "Has PDP's G-5 Group Run Out of Steam?". ThisDay. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  625. ^ Ejekwonyilo, Ameh (17 February 2023). "Gov Ortom unveils Peter Obi as preferred presidential candidate". Premium Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  626. ^ Kogbara, Donu (17 February 2023). "Nigeria 2023: The Wike-Tinubu Bromance – where will it end?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  627. ^ Dabang, Percy; Dzirutwe, MacDonald (20 February 2023). "Nigeria's Atiku promises unity, economic bounce in final campaign rally". Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  628. ^ Ezeamalu, Ben (13 February 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Peter Obi winds down presidential campaign rally on a high note". The Africa Report. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  629. ^ Dzirutwe, MacDonald (13 February 2023). "Opposition supporters attacked in Nigeria ahead of rally". Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  630. ^ "Nigeria 2023 Presidential Election Polls: State Level Details". The Nextier. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  631. ^ Wakeley, James (10 February 2023). "The Most Important Election No One Is Talking About". Premise Data. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  632. ^ "2023 Elections: Peter Obi maintains lead amongst Presidential Poll Respondents". ANAP Foundation. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  633. ^ "Peter Obi Leads Decisively in Nigeria Polling". Redfield & Wilton Strategies. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  634. ^ Adeoye, Aanu (7 February 2023). "Pollsters aim to bring public insight to Nigeria's elections for the first time". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  635. ^ Daramola, Kunle (22 February 2023). "'To accept election outcome' — presidential candidates sign peace accord". TheCable. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  636. ^ Ibeh, Ifeanyi (7 November 2022). "'The Candidates' returns as Kadaria Ahmed hosts top six presidential candidates, their running mates". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  637. ^ "Peter Obi won't attend debates if Tinubu, Atiku fail to show up – Okupe". Vanguard. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  638. ^ Agba, George; Orjime, Moses (7 November 2022). "Atiku Absent As Obi, Kwankwaso, Abiola Face Nigerians At Arise News Debate". Leadership. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  639. ^ Iroanusi, QueenEsther; Adenekan, Samson; Majeed, Bakare. "2023: How Peter Obi, Okowa, Kwankwaso, Abiola fared at Sunday's debate". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  640. ^ Terzungwe, Saawua (13 November 2022). "2023: State Police, Economy Dominate Second Arise TV-CDD Town Hall". Daily Trust. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  641. ^ Eromosele, Fortune. "2023: NESG, NEDG postpone presidential debate on economic policy". Vanguard. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  642. ^ "NESG Cancels Economic Policy Debates With Presidential Candidates". Daily Trust. 11 November 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  643. ^ Majeed, Bakare. "Town Hall Meeting: Again, Tinubu shuns invitation, says organisers unprofessional, reckless". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  644. ^ Jimoh, Azimazi Momoh; Olatuni, Kehinde (5 December 2022). "Tinubu absent as Atiku, Obi, Kwankwaso spar at Arise TV debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  645. ^ "Arise TV Town Hall Meeting: Tinubu Absent As Atiku Fails To Promise To Use Nigerian Hospitals If Elected President". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  646. ^ "Nigerian Elections Debate Group Postpones Today's Presidential Debate Over Challenges With Logistics". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  647. ^ Okoronkwo, Nnenna (12 February 2023). "Presidential Debate: LP Blames Obi's Absence On Aircraft's Technical Challenges". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  648. ^ Gidado, Hauwa (13 February 2023). "NNPP Presidential Candidate Promises To Restructure Nigeria". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  649. ^ a b Shotayo, Nurudeen (12 February 2023). "Kwankwaso debates himself as Obi, Tinubu, Atiku fail to show up". Pulse.ng. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  650. ^ "2022 PRESIDENTIAL TOWN HALL SERIES". YouTube. Arise News. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  651. ^ "ARISE NEWS PRESIDENTIAL TOWN HALL SERIES 2". YouTube. Arise News. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  652. ^ Erezi, Dennis (10 November 2022). "2023 election: NESG, NEDG cancels presidential debate for Tinubu, Obi, Atiku, others". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  653. ^ "ARISE News Presidential Town Hall Series Three: On Education, Healthcare, Poverty & Human Capital". YouTube. Arise News. 4 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  654. ^ Elimian, Adrian (24 February 2023). "Nigerian Presidential Election: State Ratings". Africa Elects. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  655. ^ "President Tinubu: Predilections and Predictions". Substack. Dataphyte. 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  656. ^ "The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: It all hinges on insecurity and turnout". SBM Intelligence. 17 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  657. ^ "Projection: 2023 presidential elections". SBM Intelligence. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  658. ^ "THISDAY 2023 Election Centre: Why Presidential Run off is Increasingly Likely". ThisDay. 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  659. ^ Oladesu, Emmanuel; Alli, Yusuf; O'neil, Shola; Onu, Nwanosike; Odiegwu, Mike; Adeyemi, Kolade; Ihyongo, Fanen; Adenuga, David; Emmanuel, Uja; Alabelewe, AbdulGafar; Shittu, Sola; Asishana, Justina; Duku, Joel; Oota, Linus; Okezie, Augustine; Alao, Onimisi; Onogu, Sanni; Jimoh, Adekunle; Odufowokan, 'Dare; Adedeji, Toba; Ibrahim, Rasaq; Oladele, Bisi; Otabor, Osagie; Okungbowa, Aiwerie; Nsa, Gil; Anioke, Ogo; Duruihuoma, Damian; Njoku, Chris; Nwankwo, Sunny (12 February 2023). "Who wins 2023 presidential election?". The Nation. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  660. ^ Oladesu, Emmanuel; Alli, Yusuf; O'neil, Shola; Onu, Nwanosike; Odiegwu, Mike; Adeyemi, Kolade; Ihyongo, Fanen; Adenuga, David; Emmanuel, Uja; Alabelewe, AbdulGafar; Shittu, Sola; Asishana, Justina; Duku, Joel; Oota, Linus; Okezie, Augustine; Alao, Onimisi; Onogu, Sanni; Jimoh, Adekunle; Odufowokan, 'Dare; Adedeji, Toba; Ibrahim, Rasaq; Oladele, Bisi; Otabor, Osagie; Okungbowa, Aiwerie; Nsa, Gil; Anioke, Ogo; Duruihuoma, Damian; Njoku, Chris; Nwankwo, Sunny (19 February 2023). "WHO WINS 2023 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION? | The Nation Newspaper". The Nation Newspaper. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  661. ^ "Presidential election official results". inecelectionresults.ng (in German). Retrieved 2 May 2023..
  662. ^ "Nigeria presidential election results 2023 by the numbers". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  663. ^ "Nigeria presidential election results 2023: State by state breakdown of presidential result as INEC announce am". bbc.com/pidgin. BBC. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  664. ^ Opanuga, Jimisayo (28 February 2023). "2023 election: Obi wins in Abia, defeats Tinubu, Atiku, Kwankwaso". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  665. ^ Ochetenwu, Jim (27 February 2023). "Atiku gets 417,611 votes to take home state Adamawa". Daily Post. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  666. ^ Odunsi, Wale (27 February 2023). "BREAKING: Atiku floors Tinubu, Obi in Akwa Ibom presidential election". Daily Post. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  667. ^ Onuegbu, Chioma. "Atiku wins 18LGs, Tinubu wins 3, Obi wins 2 in Akwa Ibom". Vanguard. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  668. ^ Odey, Patrick (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaElection2023: Atiku wins Akwa Ibom". The Punch. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  669. ^ Eleke, David-Chyddy. "INEC Declares Obi Winner of Presidential Election in Anambra". ThisDay. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  670. ^ Onuegbu, Okechukwu (28 February 2023). "2023 presidential election: INEC announced final result in Anambra". Blueprint.ng. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  671. ^ Obianeri, Ikenna (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: INEC declares Obi winner of presidential election in Anambra". The Punch. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  672. ^ Bakam, Armstrong (27 February 2023). "NigeriaElections2023: Atiku wins Bauchi with 109,913 votes". Punch Nigeria. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  673. ^ Ukpong, Cletus (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: Atiku wins Bayelsa". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  674. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (27 February 2023). "Cumulative Presidential Results from Bayelsa State" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  675. ^ Opanuga, Jimisayo (28 February 2023). "2023 election: Tinubu wins in Benue, defeats Atiku, Obi, Kwankwaso". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  676. ^ Angbulu, Stephen (28 February 2023). "BREAKING: Tinubu wins Borno with 252,282 votes". The Punch. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  677. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (27 February 2023). "Total vote from INEC PRESIDENTIAL COLLATION CENTER CROSS RIVER STATE" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  678. ^ "2023 Elections: Peter Obi Floors PDP, APC In Okowa's Delta State". Channels Television. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  679. ^ Eze, James (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: Peter Obi floors Tinubu, Atiku in Ebonyi". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  680. ^ Adedipe, Adeyinka (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: Obi floors Atiku, Tinubu in Edo". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  681. ^ Adegboyega, Ayodeji; Adebowale-Tambe, Nike (26 February 2023). "JUST IN: #NigeriaDecides2023: Tinubu wins presidential election in Ekiti State". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  682. ^ Uzodinma, Emmanuel (27 February 2023). "Obi sweeps all 17 LGAs in Enugu". Daily Post. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  683. ^ Ede, Raphael (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: Obi sweeps Enugu in presidential election". The Punch. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  684. ^ Majeed, Bakare (28 February 2023). "UPDATED: #NigeriaDecides2023: Obi wins Abuja with wide margin". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  685. ^ Opanuga, Jimisayo (27 February 2023). "Atiku wins in Gombe, defeats Tinubu, Obi, Kwankwaso". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  686. ^ Ugwu, Chinagorom (28 February 2023). "Peter Obi records landslide victory in Imo". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  687. ^ Muntari, Tukur (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: Tinubu wins Jigawa with 421,390 votes". The Punch. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  688. ^ Ahmadu Maishanu, Abubakar (27 February 2023). "Tinubu defeats Atiku in Jigawa, wins in 19 out of 27 LGAs". Premium Times. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  689. ^ Nathaniel, Soonest. "2023 Elections: Atiku Sweeps Kaduna With 554,360 Votes". Channels TV. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  690. ^ Maishanu, Abubakar Ahmadu (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: Kwankwaso wins Kano with almost one million votes". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  691. ^ Ibrahim, Ogalah. "Buhari's home state bows to PDP, as Atiku defeats Tinubu in Katsina". Vanguard. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  692. ^ "#NigeriaElections2023: Atiku wins Kebbi with 285,175 votes". The Punch. News Agency of Nigeria. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  693. ^ Opanuga, Jimisayo (28 February 2023). "2023 election: Tinubu wins in Kogi, defeats Atiku, Obi, Kwankwaso". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  694. ^ "BREAKING: Tinubu Wins Presidential Election in Kwara State". Lawyard. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  695. ^ Daily Trust [@daily_trust] (27 February 2023). "Results sheet of the presidential election in Kwara" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  696. ^ Adelagun, Oluwakemi; Adebowale-Tambe, Nike (27 February 2023). "UPDATED: #NigeriaDecides2023: Peter Obi defeats Tinubu, wins presidential election in Lagos". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  697. ^ Sunday, Collins (27 February 2023). "#NigeriaElections2023: Peter Obi wins Nasarawa". The Punch. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  698. ^ Maishanu, Abubakar Ahmadu (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: Tinubu wins Niger". Premium Times. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  699. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (27 February 2023). "OGUN STATE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  700. ^ Johnson, Dayo. "Polls: Tinubu beats Atiku with 246,477 votes in Ondo". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  701. ^ Ezediuno, Francis (26 February 2023). "BREAKING: Atiku defeats Tinubu, Peter Obi in Osun (See Results)". Daily Post. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  702. ^ Inside Oyo [@insideoyo] (27 February 2023). "OFFICIAL: Tinubu Wins Presidential Election In Oyo State" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  703. ^ Bere, Gyang (27 February 2023). "Obi beats Tinubu, Atiku in Plateau". The Sun. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  704. ^ Naku, Dennis (28 February 2023). "Tinubu wins Rivers with 231,591 votes". The Punch. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  705. ^ "#NigeriaDecides2023: Atiku wins in Sokoto". Premium Times. News Agency of Nigeria. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  706. ^ Babangida, Mohammed (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides: Atiku wins Taraba ahead of Obi, Tinubu". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  707. ^ Hemba, Joe (27 February 2023). "In major upset, Atiku defeats Tinubu in APC stronghold state, Yobe". Premium Times. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  708. ^ "Yobe: 2023 Presidential Election (State Results)". Twitter. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  709. ^ Babangida, Mohammed (28 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: APC's Tinubu floors PDP's Atiku in Zamfara". Premium Times. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  710. ^ Burke, Jason (1 March 2023). "Nigeria's ruling party candidate Tinubu wins presidential election – electoral commission". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  711. ^ a b c Stephanie Busari; Nimi Princewill; Bethlehem Feleke; Larry Madowo; Jessie Yeung (2 March 2023). "Opposition vows challenge as Tinubu wins Nigerian presidency". CNN. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  712. ^ https://dailypost.ng/2023/05/26/breaking-supreme-court-dismisses-pdp-suit-against-tinubu-shettima/%7Ctitle=Supreme[permanent dead link‍] Court dismisses PDP suit against Tinubu, Shettima|first=Fadehan|last=Oyeyemi|publisher=Daily Post|date=26 May 2023|accessdate=26 May 2023
  713. ^ "The Chairperson of the AU Commission congratulates H.E Tinubu for being proclaimed winner of Nigerian presidential polls". African Union. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  714. ^ Ouitona, Serge (2 March 2023). "Patrice Talon adresse ses félicitations à Bola Tinubu". Afrik. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  715. ^ Mahamat Déby [@GmahamatIdi] (1 March 2023). "Mes chaleureuses félicitations à mon cher frère Bola Ahmed Tinubu déclaré vainqueur des élections présidentielles au Nigeria. Cette onction du peuple nigerian exprimée dans la paix, est une leçon de démocratie qui doit inspirer tout le continent africain1/2 #NigeriaElection2023" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  716. ^ Mahamat Déby [@GmahamatIdi] (1 March 2023). "Je réitère notre enthousiasme à l'effet de travailler avec le nouveau Président dans le sens du raffermissement de nos liens séculaires ainsi que nos relations bilatérales qui couvrent un large éventail de domaines tout à la fois vitaux et stratégiques. 2/2" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  717. ^ "Xi sends congratulatory message to Nigeria's President-elect Tinubu". State Council Information Office. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  718. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning's Regular Press Conference on March 2, 2023". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  719. ^ "Sisi congratulates Nigeria's new president on winning presidential elections". Egypt Independent. 4 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  720. ^ Nana Akufo-Addo [@NAkufoAddo] (2 March 2023). "On behalf of the Ghanaian people and their Government, I extend warm congratulations to the Presidential Candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Bola Ahmed Tinubu, on his victory in the Nigerian presidential election of Saturday, 25th February" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  721. ^ Narendra Modi [@narendramodi] (3 March 2023). "I congratulate H.E. Mr. Bola Ahmed Tinubu for winning the Presidential elections. Look forward to further strengthening India-Nigeria bilateral relations under your leadership. @officialABAT" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  722. ^ Alassane Ouattara [@AOuattara_PRCI] (3 March 2023). "Mes vives et chaleureuses félicitations à son Excellence @officialABAT, Président élu de la République Fédérale du Nigeria. Je me réjouis de poursuivre avec vous les excellentes relations d'amitié et de coopération entre la Côte d'Ivoire et le Nigeria" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  723. ^ Mohamed Bazoum [@mohamedbazoum] (1 March 2023). "A M.Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Président élu du Nigeria. @officialABAT" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  724. ^ Rishi Sunak [@RishiSunak] (1 March 2023). "Congratulations to @officialABAT on his victory in Nigeria. The UK-Nigeria relationship remains strong. I look forward to working together to grow our security and trade ties, opening up opportunities for businesses and creating prosperity in both our countries" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  725. ^ Price, Ned. "2023 Presidential Election Results in Nigeria". United States Department of State. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Nigerian_presidential_election&oldid=1257139278"