2004 United States presidential election in Mississippi
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 County Results
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| Elections in Mississippi |
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The 2004 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 2, 2004, as part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. It was the first presidential election since the 2000 United States census, after which Mississippi lost one electoral vote, reducing its elector count from seven to six, leaving Mississippi with the fewest electoral votes since 1848.[1]
Mississippi was won by incumbent President George W. Bush of the Republican Party with a 19.69% margin of victory over Democratic nominee John Kerry. Prior to the election, Mississippi was considered a state Bush would win with ease, or a red state. Mississippi has not voted for a Democrat since 1976, when Jimmy Carter carried the state. As of the 2020 presidential election[update], this is the last election in which Pike County, Copiah County, Oktibbeha County, and Yazoo County voted for the Republican candidate, as well as the last time in which the Democratic nominee has won less than 40% of the state's vote.
Campaign
[edit]Predictions
[edit]12 news organizations made state-by-state predictions of the election. These organizations published their predictions just prior to election day:[2]
| Source | Ranking |
|---|---|
| D.C. Political Report | Solid R |
| Associated Press | Solid R |
| CNN | Likely R |
| Cook Political Report | Solid R |
| Newsweek | Solid R |
| New York Times | Solid R |
| Rasmussen Reports | Likely R |
| Research 2000 | Solid R |
| Washington Post | Likely R |
| Washington Times | Solid R |
| Zogby International | Likely R |
| Washington Dispatch | Likely R |
Polling
[edit]Bush won pre-election polling by a double-digit margin.[3]
Fundraising
[edit]Bush raised $866,580.[4] Kerry raised $599,665.[5]
Advertising and visits
[edit]Neither campaign spent or visited this state during the fall campaign.[6]
Analysis
[edit]The last Democratic presidential nominee to win Mississippi was fellow Southerner Jimmy Carter in 1976. Due to its reliably conservative voting pattern, neither of the two major party candidates campaigned in the state.
Mississippi is one of the most racially polarized states in presidential elections. Black Mississippians almost uniformly vote Democratic, while white Mississippians vote Republican nearly as consistently. In 2004, 14% of white Mississippians voted for John Kerry and 10% of African Americans voted for Bush.[7] Kerry's main support lay in the western counties on the Delta and next to the Mississippi River.
Results
[edit]| 2004 United States presidential election in Mississippi[8] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Republican Party | George W. Bush (incumbent) | 684,981 | 59.44% | 6 | |
| Democratic Party | John Kerry | 458,094 | 39.75% | 0 | |
| Reform Party | Ralph Nader | 3,177 | 0.28% | 0 | |
| Libertarian Party | Michael Badnarik | 1,793 | 0.16% | 0 | |
| Constitution Party | Michael Peroutka | 1,759 | 0.15% | 0 | |
| Independent | Roger Calero | 1,272 | 0.11% | 0 | |
| Green Party | David Cobb | 1,073 | 0.09% | 0 | |
| Various parties | Write Ins | 216 | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Totals | - | 100.00% | 6 | ||
| Voter turnout (Voting Age population) | 54.4% | ||||
Results by county
[edit]| County[9] | George W. Bush Republican |
John Kerry Democratic |
Ralph Nader Reform |
Michael Badarnik Libertarian |
Michael Peroutka Constitution |
Roger Calero Independent |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 6,996 | 45.20% | 8,423 | 54.42% | 27 | 0.17% | 14 | 0.09% | 3 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.02% | 13 | 0.09% | -1,427 | -9.22% | 15,479 |
| Alcorn | 8,634 | 60.64% | 5,454 | 38.30% | 69 | 0.48% | 43 | 0.30% | 20 | 0.14% | 4 | 0.03% | 15 | 0.11% | 3,180 | 22.34% | 14,239 |
| Amite | 4,147 | 57.62% | 3,012 | 41.85% | 15 | 0.21% | 6 | 0.08% | 5 | 0.07% | 9 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.04% | 1,135 | 15.77% | 7,197 |
| Attala | 5,014 | 61.09% | 3,145 | 38.32% | 14 | 0.17% | 4 | 0.05% | 11 | 0.13% | 11 | 0.13% | 8 | 0.10% | 1,869 | 22.77% | 8,207 |
| Benton | 1,969 | 46.36% | 2,245 | 52.86% | 12 | 0.28% | 6 | 0.14% | 5 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.05% | 8 | 0.19% | -276 | -6.50% | 4,247 |
| Bolivar | 5,535 | 36.16% | 9,631 | 62.92% | 32 | 0.21% | 12 | 0.08% | 66 | 0.43% | 16 | 0.10% | 15 | 0.10% | -4,096 | -26.76% | 15,307 |
| Calhoun | 4,131 | 64.63% | 2,234 | 34.95% | 13 | 0.20% | 2 | 0.03% | 3 | 0.05% | 5 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.07% | 1,897 | 29.68% | 6,392 |
| Carroll | 3,664 | 65.52% | 1,900 | 33.98% | 4 | 0.07% | 15 | 0.27% | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.02% | 7 | 0.13% | 1,764 | 31.54% | 5,592 |
| Chickasaw | 4,193 | 50.22% | 4,078 | 48.84% | 27 | 0.32% | 15 | 0.18% | 14 | 0.17% | 9 | 0.11% | 14 | 0.16% | 115 | 1.38% | 8,350 |
| Choctaw | 2,694 | 66.00% | 1,366 | 33.46% | 7 | 0.17% | 6 | 0.15% | 4 | 0.10% | 2 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.07% | 1,328 | 32.54% | 4,082 |
| Claiborne | 950 | 17.74% | 4,362 | 81.46% | 8 | 0.15% | 13 | 0.24% | 4 | 0.07% | 15 | 0.28% | 3 | 0.06% | -3,412 | -63.72% | 5,355 |
| Clarke | 5,068 | 67.51% | 2,402 | 32.00% | 18 | 0.24% | 6 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.04% | 6 | 0.08% | 2,666 | 35.51% | 7,507 |
| Clay | 4,342 | 47.50% | 4,753 | 52.00% | 12 | 0.13% | 9 | 0.10% | 10 | 0.11% | 9 | 0.10% | 6 | 0.06% | -411 | -4.50% | 9,141 |
| Coahoma | 3,676 | 34.65% | 6,805 | 64.15% | 12 | 0.11% | 78 | 0.74% | 13 | 0.12% | 14 | 0.13% | 10 | 0.09% | -3,129 | -29.50% | 10,608 |
| Copiah | 6,374 | 55.95% | 4,961 | 43.54% | 18 | 0.16% | 13 | 0.11% | 13 | 0.11% | 7 | 0.06% | 7 | 0.06% | 1,413 | 12.41% | 11,393 |
| Covington | 5,044 | 61.12% | 3,158 | 38.27% | 22 | 0.27% | 8 | 0.10% | 7 | 0.08% | 8 | 0.10% | 5 | 0.06% | 1,886 | 22.85% | 8,252 |
| DeSoto | 36,306 | 72.30% | 13,583 | 27.05% | 132 | 0.26% | 88 | 0.18% | 56 | 0.11% | 20 | 0.04% | 30 | 0.06% | 22,723 | 45.25% | 50,215 |
| Forrest | 16,318 | 61.01% | 10,220 | 38.21% | 108 | 0.40% | 33 | 0.12% | 22 | 0.08% | 22 | 0.08% | 22 | 0.08% | 6,098 | 22.80% | 26,745 |
| Franklin | 2,893 | 64.42% | 1,574 | 35.05% | 9 | 0.20% | 3 | 0.07% | 4 | 0.09% | 6 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.04% | 1,319 | 29.37% | 4,491 |
| George | 6,223 | 77.78% | 1,724 | 21.55% | 19 | 0.24% | 8 | 0.10% | 12 | 0.15% | 11 | 0.14% | 4 | 0.05% | 4,499 | 56.23% | 8,001 |
| Greene | 3,850 | 72.66% | 1,421 | 26.82% | 16 | 0.30% | 4 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.08% | 3 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.02% | 2,429 | 45.84% | 5,299 |
| Grenada | 5,872 | 58.08% | 4,180 | 41.34% | 16 | 0.16% | 12 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.02% | 9 | 0.09% | 20 | 0.20% | 1,692 | 16.74% | 10,111 |
| Hancock | 12,581 | 70.41% | 5,107 | 28.58% | 100 | 0.56% | 35 | 0.20% | 14 | 0.08% | 21 | 0.12% | 11 | 0.06% | 7,474 | 41.83% | 17,869 |
| Harrison | 39,703 | 62.73% | 23,076 | 36.46% | 240 | 0.38% | 104 | 0.16% | 64 | 0.10% | 42 | 0.07% | 59 | 0.09% | 16,627 | 26.27% | 63,288 |
| Hinds | 36,975 | 39.97% | 54,845 | 59.29% | 226 | 0.24% | 126 | 0.14% | 158 | 0.17% | 84 | 0.09% | 86 | 0.09% | -17,870 | -19.32% | 92,500 |
| Holmes | 1,961 | 23.39% | 6,366 | 75.94% | 9 | 0.11% | 4 | 0.05% | 6 | 0.07% | 22 | 0.26% | 12 | 0.14% | -4,405 | -52.55% | 8,383 |
| Humphreys | 1,679 | 34.27% | 3,168 | 64.65% | 13 | 0.27% | 15 | 0.31% | 2 | 0.04% | 13 | 0.27% | 10 | 0.20% | -1,489 | -30.38% | 4,900 |
| Issaquena | 439 | 45.26% | 516 | 53.20% | 1 | 0.10% | 5 | 0.52% | 4 | 0.41% | 2 | 0.21% | 3 | 0.31% | -77 | -7.94% | 970 |
| Itawamba | 6,833 | 70.34% | 2,802 | 28.84% | 36 | 0.37% | 7 | 0.07% | 13 | 0.13% | 14 | 0.14% | 9 | 0.09% | 4,031 | 41.50% | 9,714 |
| Jackson | 35,134 | 68.79% | 15,572 | 30.49% | 180 | 0.35% | 56 | 0.11% | 45 | 0.09% | 34 | 0.07% | 54 | 0.10% | 19,562 | 38.30% | 51,075 |
| Jasper | 3,855 | 48.13% | 4,117 | 51.40% | 16 | 0.20% | 9 | 0.11% | 1 | 0.01% | 5 | 0.06% | 6 | 0.07% | -262 | -3.27% | 8,009 |
| Jefferson | 630 | 18.16% | 2,821 | 81.32% | 2 | 0.06% | 4 | 0.12% | 3 | 0.09% | 0 | 0.00% | 9 | 0.26% | -2,191 | -63.16% | 3,469 |
| Jefferson Davis | 2,668 | 46.28% | 2,959 | 51.33% | 24 | 0.42% | 15 | 0.26% | 10 | 0.17% | 53 | 0.92% | 36 | 0.62% | -291 | -5.05% | 5,765 |
| Jones | 19,125 | 71.72% | 7,398 | 27.74% | 68 | 0.26% | 8 | 0.03% | 46 | 0.17% | 13 | 0.05% | 8 | 0.03% | 11,727 | 43.98% | 26,666 |
| Kemper | 2,109 | 45.82% | 2,465 | 53.55% | 10 | 0.22% | 7 | 0.15% | 6 | 0.13% | 4 | 0.09% | 2 | 0.04% | -356 | -7.73% | 4,603 |
| Lafayette | 9,004 | 58.46% | 6,218 | 40.37% | 76 | 0.49% | 50 | 0.32% | 15 | 0.10% | 6 | 0.04% | 32 | 0.20% | 2,786 | 18.09% | 15,401 |
| Lamar | 16,410 | 80.19% | 3,923 | 19.17% | 59 | 0.29% | 28 | 0.14% | 22 | 0.11% | 15 | 0.07% | 8 | 0.04% | 12,487 | 61.02% | 20,465 |
| Lauderdale | 19,736 | 65.42% | 10,292 | 34.11% | 61 | 0.20% | 28 | 0.09% | 12 | 0.04% | 25 | 0.08% | 16 | 0.05% | 9,444 | 31.31% | 30,170 |
| Lawrence | 3,956 | 62.73% | 2,308 | 36.60% | 20 | 0.32% | 8 | 0.13% | 5 | 0.08% | 5 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.06% | 1,648 | 26.13% | 6,306 |
| Leake | 4,962 | 60.41% | 3,212 | 39.10% | 16 | 0.19% | 7 | 0.09% | 5 | 0.06% | 5 | 0.06% | 7 | 0.09% | 1,750 | 21.31% | 8,214 |
| Lee | 20,254 | 66.11% | 10,127 | 33.05% | 108 | 0.35% | 42 | 0.14% | 54 | 0.18% | 22 | 0.07% | 32 | 0.11% | 10,127 | 33.06% | 30,639 |
| Leflore | 4,635 | 37.19% | 7,566 | 60.71% | 35 | 0.28% | 26 | 0.21% | 143 | 1.15% | 25 | 0.20% | 33 | 0.26% | -2,931 | -23.52% | 12,463 |
| Lincoln | 10,008 | 69.04% | 4,418 | 30.48% | 28 | 0.19% | 13 | 0.09% | 12 | 0.08% | 10 | 0.07% | 7 | 0.04% | 5,590 | 38.56% | 14,496 |
| Lowndes | 13,690 | 56.41% | 10,408 | 42.88% | 68 | 0.28% | 36 | 0.15% | 26 | 0.11% | 20 | 0.08% | 22 | 0.09% | 3,282 | 13.53% | 24,270 |
| Madison | 24,257 | 64.29% | 13,268 | 35.17% | 77 | 0.20% | 48 | 0.13% | 41 | 0.11% | 21 | 0.06% | 16 | 0.04% | 10,989 | 29.12% | 37,728 |
| Marion | 7,999 | 66.95% | 3,888 | 32.54% | 26 | 0.22% | 9 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.03% | 13 | 0.11% | 8 | 0.07% | 4,111 | 34.41% | 11,947 |
| Marshall | 5,975 | 40.79% | 8,591 | 58.65% | 24 | 0.16% | 19 | 0.13% | 15 | 0.10% | 12 | 0.08% | 13 | 0.09% | -2,616 | -17.86% | 14,649 |
| Monroe | 9,308 | 59.54% | 6,237 | 39.90% | 44 | 0.28% | 15 | 0.10% | 15 | 0.10% | 9 | 0.06% | 4 | 0.03% | 3,071 | 19.64% | 15,632 |
| Montgomery | 3,002 | 54.61% | 2,473 | 44.99% | 9 | 0.16% | 3 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.05% | 6 | 0.11% | 1 | 0.02% | 529 | 9.62% | 5,497 |
| Neshoba | 7,780 | 74.67% | 2,600 | 24.95% | 15 | 0.14% | 8 | 0.08% | 2 | 0.02% | 8 | 0.08% | 6 | 0.06% | 5,180 | 49.72% | 10,419 |
| Newton | 6,165 | 72.63% | 2,280 | 26.86% | 11 | 0.13% | 5 | 0.06% | 11 | 0.13% | 6 | 0.07% | 10 | 0.12% | 3,885 | 45.77% | 8,488 |
| Noxubee | 1,723 | 28.26% | 4,346 | 71.28% | 5 | 0.08% | 7 | 0.11% | 10 | 0.16% | 3 | 0.05% | 3 | 0.05% | -2,623 | -43.02% | 6,097 |
| Oktibbeha | 9,068 | 55.67% | 7,015 | 43.06% | 83 | 0.51% | 37 | 0.23% | 49 | 0.30% | 14 | 0.09% | 24 | 0.15% | 2,053 | 12.61% | 16,290 |
| Panola | 6,769 | 50.36% | 6,615 | 49.22% | 21 | 0.16% | 16 | 0.12% | 3 | 0.02% | 11 | 0.08% | 5 | 0.04% | 154 | 1.14% | 13,440 |
| Pearl River | 14,896 | 76.44% | 4,472 | 22.95% | 60 | 0.31% | 23 | 0.12% | 15 | 0.08% | 13 | 0.07% | 8 | 0.04% | 10,424 | 53.49% | 19,487 |
| Perry | 3,747 | 74.49% | 1,261 | 25.07% | 5 | 0.10% | 5 | 0.10% | 5 | 0.10% | 3 | 0.06% | 4 | 0.08% | 2,486 | 49.42% | 5,030 |
| Pike | 8,660 | 52.07% | 7,881 | 46.38% | 41 | 0.25% | 19 | 0.11% | 8 | 0.05% | 14 | 0.08% | 9 | 0.05% | 779 | 4.69% | 16,632 |
| Pontotoc | 8,480 | 75.44% | 2,660 | 23.67% | 55 | 0.49% | 16 | 0.14% | 10 | 0.09% | 17 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.02% | 5,820 | 51.77% | 11,240 |
| Prentiss | 6,538 | 65.83% | 3,327 | 33.50% | 38 | 0.38% | 3 | 0.03% | 6 | 0.06% | 15 | 0.15% | 5 | 0.05% | 3,211 | 32.33% | 9,932 |
| Quitman | 1,360 | 39.79% | 2,032 | 59.45% | 3 | 0.09% | 7 | 0.20% | 3 | 0.09% | 5 | 0.15% | 8 | 0.24% | -672 | -19.66% | 3,418 |
| Rankin | 43,054 | 78.67% | 11,005 | 20.11% | 178 | 0.33% | 95 | 0.17% | 238 | 0.43% | 80 | 0.15% | 76 | 0.14% | 32,049 | 58.56% | 54,726 |
| Scott | 6,395 | 62.52% | 3,802 | 37.17% | 9 | 0.09% | 7 | 0.07% | 7 | 0.07% | 3 | 0.03% | 5 | 0.05% | 2,593 | 25.35% | 10,228 |
| Sharkey | 1,120 | 36.21% | 1,560 | 50.44% | 52 | 1.68% | 74 | 2.39% | 48 | 1.55% | 94 | 3.04% | 145 | 4.69% | -440 | -14.23% | 3,093 |
| Simpson | 7,138 | 68.15% | 3,272 | 31.24% | 8 | 0.08% | 17 | 0.16% | 28 | 0.27% | 7 | 0.07% | 4 | 0.04% | 3,866 | 36.91% | 10,474 |
| Smith | 5,577 | 78.33% | 1,496 | 21.01% | 13 | 0.18% | 6 | 0.08% | 16 | 0.22% | 11 | 0.15% | 1 | 0.01% | 4,081 | 57.32% | 7,120 |
| Stone | 4,146 | 72.29% | 1,528 | 26.64% | 20 | 0.35% | 15 | 0.26% | 14 | 0.24% | 8 | 0.14% | 4 | 0.07% | 2,618 | 45.65% | 5,735 |
| Sunflower | 3,534 | 35.29% | 6,359 | 63.49% | 18 | 0.18% | 53 | 0.53% | 6 | 0.06% | 31 | 0.31% | 14 | 0.14% | -2,825 | -28.20% | 10,015 |
| Tallahatchie | 2,737 | 44.02% | 3,420 | 55.01% | 11 | 0.18% | 24 | 0.39% | 4 | 0.06% | 10 | 0.16% | 11 | 0.18% | -683 | -10.99% | 6,217 |
| Tate | 6,760 | 60.54% | 4,347 | 38.93% | 31 | 0.28% | 6 | 0.05% | 15 | 0.13% | 5 | 0.04% | 3 | 0.03% | 2,413 | 21.61% | 11,167 |
| Tippah | 6,174 | 66.57% | 3,016 | 32.52% | 34 | 0.37% | 15 | 0.16% | 12 | 0.13% | 19 | 0.20% | 5 | 0.05% | 3,158 | 34.05% | 9,275 |
| Tishomingo | 5,379 | 64.51% | 2,846 | 34.13% | 56 | 0.67% | 16 | 0.19% | 4 | 0.05% | 16 | 0.19% | 21 | 0.25% | 2,533 | 30.38% | 8,338 |
| Tunica | 950 | 30.36% | 2,140 | 68.39% | 6 | 0.19% | 14 | 0.45% | 8 | 0.26% | 7 | 0.22% | 4 | 0.13% | -1,190 | -38.03% | 3,129 |
| Union | 7,906 | 73.08% | 2,839 | 26.24% | 31 | 0.29% | 17 | 0.16% | 13 | 0.12% | 8 | 0.07% | 5 | 0.05% | 5,067 | 46.84% | 10,819 |
| Walthall | 3,888 | 61.17% | 2,435 | 38.31% | 12 | 0.19% | 14 | 0.22% | 1 | 0.02% | 4 | 0.06% | 2 | 0.03% | 1,453 | 22.86% | 6,356 |
| Warren | 11,356 | 57.69% | 8,224 | 41.78% | 40 | 0.20% | 26 | 0.13% | 12 | 0.06% | 14 | 0.07% | 11 | 0.06% | 3,132 | 15.91% | 19,683 |
| Washington | 7,731 | 39.45% | 11,569 | 59.03% | 43 | 0.22% | 18 | 0.09% | 101 | 0.52% | 60 | 0.31% | 75 | 0.38% | -3,838 | -19.58% | 19,597 |
| Wayne | 5,562 | 63.24% | 3,193 | 36.30% | 15 | 0.17% | 3 | 0.03% | 12 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.03% | 7 | 0.08% | 2,369 | 26.94% | 8,795 |
| Webster | 3,708 | 73.16% | 1,341 | 26.46% | 6 | 0.12% | 1 | 0.02% | 5 | 0.10% | 4 | 0.08% | 3 | 0.06% | 2,367 | 46.70% | 5,068 |
| Wilkinson | 1,563 | 35.64% | 2,794 | 63.72% | 6 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.07% | 10 | 0.23% | 4 | 0.09% | 5 | 0.11% | -1,231 | -28.08% | 4,385 |
| Winston | 5,386 | 57.21% | 3,978 | 42.25% | 19 | 0.20% | 3 | 0.03% | 5 | 0.05% | 14 | 0.15% | 10 | 0.11% | 1,408 | 14.96% | 9,415 |
| Yalobusha | 3,278 | 54.89% | 2,656 | 44.47% | 16 | 0.27% | 6 | 0.10% | 2 | 0.03% | 11 | 0.18% | 3 | 0.05% | 622 | 10.42% | 5,972 |
| Yazoo | 5,672 | 51.62% | 5,013 | 45.63% | 30 | 0.27% | 89 | 0.81% | 46 | 0.42% | 60 | 0.55% | 77 | 0.70% | 659 | 5.99% | 10,987 |
| Totals | 684,981 | 59.44% | 458,094 | 39.75% | 3,177 | 0.28% | 1,793 | 0.16% | 1,759 | 0.15% | 1,272 | 0.11% | 1,289 | 0.11% | 226,887 | 19.69% | 1,152,365 |
| Democratic Hold Gain from Republican | Republican Hold Gain from Democratic |
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
[edit]- Panola (Largest city: Sardis)
- Yalobusha (Largest city: Water Valley)
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
[edit]- Jasper (Largest city: Bay Springs)
Results by congressional district
[edit]Bush won three out of Mississippi's four congressional districts, including one held by a Democrat.
| District | Bush | Kerry | Representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 62% | 37% | Roger Wicker |
| 2nd | 40% | 57% | Bennie G. Thompson |
| 3rd | 65% | 34% | Chip Pickering |
| 4th | 68% | 31% | Gene Taylor |
Electors
[edit]Mississippi was assigned six electors to cast votes to the Electoral college. Given that Mississippi voted for Bush, all electors were pledged to cast their ballots for Bush. The electors were:[10]
- Kelly Segars
- John Phillips
- Wayne Parker
- Jimmy Creekmore
- Victor Mavar
- Billy Mounger
References
[edit]- ^ "Mississippi Presidential Election Voting History". www.270towin.com. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- ^ http://www.dcpoliticalreport.com/members/2004/Pred2.htm#NW [permanent dead link]
- ^ "2004 Presidential Election Polls. Mississippi Polls". US Election Atlas.
- ^ "George W Bush — $374,659,453 raised, '04 election cycle, Republican Party, President". www.campaignmoney.com. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
- ^ "John F Kerry — $345,826,176 raised, '04 election cycle, Democratic Party, President". www.campaignmoney.com. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
- ^ "CNN.com Specials". CNN.
- ^ "CNN Election 2004". CNN. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
- ^ Leip, Dave. "2004 Presidential General Election Results — Mississippi". US Election Atlas.
- ^ "MS US President Race, November 02, 2004". Our Campaigns.
- ^ http://secure.sos.state.ms.us/ed_pubs/PressReleases/Articles/ElectoralCollegeMeets.asp [permanent dead link]
