Jump to content

2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire

Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militant groups in the Gaza Strip took effect from 24 November 2023 to 30 November 2023, during the Israel–Hamas war.

The initial agreement, mediated by Qatar, stipulated a four-day break in fighting during which 50 Israeli hostages held in Gaza and 150 Palestinian prisoners in Israel were to be released and more humanitarian aid will be allowed to enter Gaza, with the ceasefire subject to extension providing additional hostages are released.[1][2][3] On 27 November, Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced a two-day extension to the ceasefire was agreed in which 20 Israelis and 60 Palestinians would be released. Close to the end of the first extension, on 30 November, another one day extension to the truce was agreed upon by both sides.[4][5] The mediators in Qatar and in Egypt reported they worked to negotiate a further extension of the truce.[6]

The deal was welcomed internationally, including by the United States, which also supported the deal's extensions. Both sides have blamed each other for violating the ceasefire.[7] On 1 December, the truce ended with Hamas alleging that Israel rejected a hostage exchange deal to prolong the truce, and Hamas then launched rockets into Sderot.[8][9][10] Israel responded with air raids on Gaza with the Gaza Health Ministry reporting 20 deaths.[11][12][13] By 2 December negotiations had broken down, with the Israeli delegation leaving Qatar following an impasse and Hamas announcing they will not release any more hostages until the end of the war.[14] The US blamed Hamas for violating the truce and the terms of the ceasefire.[15][16]

By 13 December, Israel and the United States were becoming increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire.[17][18][19][20]

Background

On 7 October 2023, during Hamas-led attack on Israel that commenced the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Palestinian militants captured or abducted around 250 people from Israel, including both soldiers and civilians,[21] and took them back to the Gaza Strip.[22][23][24][25] In addition to hostages with only Israeli citizenship, almost half of the hostages are foreign nationals or have multiple citizenships.[26] By 23 November, four have been released by Hamas, two were found dead near the al-Shifa Hospital and one has been rescued.[27][28]

Hamas have proposed an "everyone for everyone" deal, in which Palestinian militant groups would release all of the Israeli captives in return for the release of all Palestinian prisoners in Israel.[29] 5,200 Palestinians were incarcerated by Israel before the war, but according to Palestinian officials, the number rose to over 10,000 amid a wave of mass detentions;[30][31] following the deportation of several thousand detained Gazan workers, the Palestinian Commission for Detainees and Ex-Prisoners’ Affairs placed the number at approximately 8,300.[29][32][33] Many of these prisoners are held under administrative detention, a process which is criticized by human right organizations as it only applied to West Bank Palestinians, and were arrested for crimes such as speech and nonviolent protest.[34][35] Families of the hostages have urged the Israeli government to accept the deal, claiming it was supported by "all of Israel,"[29] but Defence Minister Yoav Gallant has dismissed the offer and insisted that Israel would free the hostages by force.[36] Several countries and international organisations have called for temporary or permanent ceasefires since the start of the war.[37] Several countries have been involved in negotiations between Israel and Hamas, with Qatar taking the lead.[38] [39]

Negotiations

In opposition

On 24 October, US President Joe Biden stated, "We should have those hostages released and then we can talk",[40] and has subsequently doubled down on that opposition, saying that doing so would allow Hamas to attack Israel again.[41] On 25 October, UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak also rejected a call for a ceasefire.[42][43] The UK's Leader of the Labour Party, Keir Starmer, also opposed a ceasefire on 8 November.[44] German chancellor Olaf Scholz also opposed an "immediate cease-fire" on 13 November.[45][46] However, by 13 December, Israel and the United States were becoming increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire.[17][18][19][20]

The ceasefire was opposed domestically in Israel by three ministers from the political party Jewish Power.[47]

In support

"Ceasefire now" demand at a rally in Toronto, Canada

On 27 October, the United Nations General Assembly voted for a resolution calling for an immediate truce.[48] It received 121 votes in favor and 44 abstentions; 14 countries voted no: Israel, the US, Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Fiji, Guatemala, Hungary, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay and Tonga.[49][50]

Numerous heads of state, government officials and institutions, and international bodies have called for a ceasefire. On 8 October, Moussa Faki Mahamat, the Chair of the African Union, called for an end to the conflict and the establishment of a Palestinian state.[51] On 11 October, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called for a ceasefire, stating, it was "urgently needed in defense of Israeli and Palestinian children".[52] On 15 October, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro called for an immediate ceasefire.[53] On 16 October, Pakistani Prime Minister Anwar ul Haq Kakar called for an immediate ceasefire and the end of the Gaza blockade.[54] On 18 October, Dáil Éireann passed a resolution calling for a ceasefire.[55] On 19 October, Chinese President Xi Jinping stated, "The top priority now is a ceasefire as soon as possible", and called for the establishment of a Palestinian state.[56]

On 20 October, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called for a ceasefire, stating Israel's attack on Gaza amounted to a genocide.[57] On 21 October, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi presented a plan for a ceasefire.[58] South African President Cyril Ramaphosa called for a ceasefire, stating "as South Africans we can relate to what is happening to Palestinians".[59] Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani called for ceasefire at the Cairo Peace Summit.[60] On 24 October, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman called for a ceasefire.[61] Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim called for a ceasefire and for Palestinians to be "treated as human beings".[62] On 25 October, King Abdullah II of Jordan stated ending the war was an "absolute necessity".[63] Humza Yousaf, the First Minister of Scotland, called for a ceasefire and stated that his own parents-in-law were trapped in Gaza.[64] On 5 November, Mahmoud Abbas called for an immediate ceasefire.[65] On 7 November, Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador called for a ceasefire.[66]

On 10 November, French president Emmanuel Macron urged Israel "to stop" bombing Gaza.[67][68] During a press conference at the White House on 14 November, Indonesian president Joko Widodo called for a ceasefire "for the sake of humanity".[69] On 15 November, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau urged Israel to exercise "maximum restraint".[70][a] On 25 November, Belgian deputy prime minister Petra De Sutter called for a general ceasefire.[72][73] On 9 December the prime ministers of Spain, Ireland, Belgium, and Malta signed a joint letter urging the European Union to call for a permanent ceasefire.[74]

On 19 October, Cuban Foreign Affairs Minister Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla called for a ceasefire, stating the war was the result of the "violation of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people".[75] Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi called for a ceasefire on 22 October.[76] On 25 October, Algerian foreign minister Ahmed Attaf called for an immediate cessation of bombing.[77] Retno Marsudi, Indonesia's Minister for Foreign Affairs, called for an immediate ceasefire.[78] On 26 October, the Foreign Ministers of nine Arab countries — the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt and Morocco — signed a joint statement calling for an immediate ceasefire.[79] On 8 November, UK Labour Party MP Imran Hussain resigned his frontbench position as shadow minister for the New Deal for Working People, to be able to advocate for a ceasefire outside of his frontbench position.[80]

Various ambassadors and dignitaries also supported a ceasefire. On 18 October, Lana Zaki Nusseibeh, Ambassador of the United Arab Emirates, stated her country's support for "no less than a full humanitarian ceasefire".[81] On 21 October and during a subsequent UN Security Council meeting on 24 October, UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for a ceasefire.[82][83] Russian U.N. Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia stated, "the whole world" is expecting the UN to call for a ceasefire.[84] On 29 October, Pope Francis called for a ceasefire and release of hostages.[85] On 31 October, UN refugee commissioner Filippo Grandi called for a ceasefire.[86][87]

On 5 November, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee issued a letter calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire, signed by the heads of 18 humanitarian organizations.[88] On 10 November, 1,000 employees of USAID signed an open letter calling for an immediate ceasefire.[89] On 21 November, the Scottish Parliament voted 90–28 in support of a motion calling for a ceasefire.[90] On 17 November, Josep Borrell stated the European Union was calling for an immediate humanitarian truce.[91][better source needed] The European Parliament voted in favor of a ceasefire on 18 January.[92][better source needed] The Non-Aligned Movement announced its support for a ceasefire on 20 January 2024.[93]

Israel and Hamas

On 2 November 2023, Hamas chairman Ismail Haniyeh stated that if Israel agreed to a ceasefire and the opening of humanitarian corridors to bring more aid into Gaza, Hamas is "ready for political negotiations for a two-state solution with Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine."[94][b] This followed the 1 November statement by Hamas official Ghazi Hamad that Hamas would repeat the 7 October attack time and again until Israel is annihilated.[97] On 3 November, Benjamin Netanyahu stated Israel would not agree to a ceasefire unless Hamas releases all hostages.[98] On 6 November, both Israel and Hamas rejected calls for a ceasefire.[99] On 15 November, Hamas official Izzat al-Risheq stated Israel was "stalling to continue its aggression and war against defenceless civilians."[100]

In December, Israel proposed to stop fighting for a week in exchange for 40 hostages still held by Hamas.[101] In response, Hamas declined this offer on 20 December, asserting that the release of Israeli hostages would not be considered until a ceasefire was put into place first.[102] This was rejected by Israel the following day.[103]

In January 2024, CNN reported that Israel had proposed allowing senior Hamas leaders to leave Gaza as part of a ceasefire agreement.[104]

Agreement

On 22 November, an agreement was reached that was brokered by Qatar, Egypt and the U.S. after weeks of indirect negotiations.[105] The deal provided for a four-day pause in fighting, the release of 50 Israeli hostages and 150 Palestinian prisoners, and the entry of more humanitarian aid into Gaza.[106][107][108] The ceasefire agreement allowed up to 200 trucks of aid to enter Gaza daily.[109] All Israelis and Palestinians freed were to be women and children.[110] According to Hamas, the deal also involved Israel halting all air sorties over southern Gaza and maintaining a daily six-hour daytime no-fly window over northern Gaza.[111]

Egyptian state media and a senior Israeli official announced that the ceasefire will enter into effect on the morning of 23 November.[110][112] However, the ceasefire actually began a day later on 24 November.[105] The Israeli government said that the ceasefire would be extended by one day for every additional 10 hostages released by Hamas,[113][114] but insisted that fighting would resume once the truce is over.[115]

During the ceasefire, Hamas declared that the Red Cross is not allowed to visit the remaining hostages in Gaza.[116] This continued the prevention of Red Cross visits that started at the beginning of the hostage crisis, on 7 October 2023.[117] But a term of the agreement was that Red Cross officials would be able to visit the hostages still held captive in Gaza by the end of the fourth day of the ceasefire.[118]

Exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

22-year old Palestinian woman Ahed Tamimi was released by Israel. She was first arrested when she was 16.
13-year old Israeli girl Hila Rotem was released by Hamas on November 26. Her mother, Raya, was released several days later.
Main article: 2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

The most important part of the ceasefire agreement concerned the exchange of hostages for prisoners.[119] Extensions of the ceasefire are contingent on hostages being released in small batches every 24 hours.[120][121]

On 24 November 2023, the Israeli government confirmed that 13 Israeli hostages were released.[122][123] Srettha Thavisin, the Prime Minister of Thailand, additionally confirmed on social media that 12 Thai hostages were released.[124] Later in the day it was reported that of the 24 hostages initially released, the number included 13 Israeli citizens (including several dual citizens), 10 Thai citizens and one Filipino citizen, with the Qatari Foreign Ministry confirming that the Thai and Filipino hostages were released outside of the truce agreement.[125] The hostages were all reported to be in good health.[126] As of 28 November 50 Israeli hostages have been released, alongside 19 other captives of other nationalities.[127] Few of the released hostages have spoken of their experiences, but those who have recounted being kept in crowded spaces with little electricity, no mattresses, and sparse food available, with varying amounts distributed among the hostages; the family of one released hostage additionally claimed he had been forced to watch "horror videos" of the initial attacks.[128]

The hostages were released in exchange for the release of 150 women and children from Israeli prisons over the course of the ceasefire.[129] It was reported on 28 November that about 180 prisoners, mostly women and teenagers, were released after having been chosen from a list of 300 detained Palestinians.[130] An analysis by NBC News of the list about 20% were convicted of a crime, while the roughly 80% of the list were not convicted of any crimes and had either not been prosecuted or had been detained under administrative detention.[35] Among the Palestinians released on 30 November, was the prominent Palestinian activist Ahed Tamimi.[131]

The released prisoners described mistreatment and a lack of food and clean water in Israeli prisons,[132][133] with one released prisoner stating, "we've been tortured."[134] The released Palestinian captives were warned in a statement from Israel's national security minister Itamar Ben Gvir not to celebrate their release, or they would be returned to prison, and they could face a fine of 70,000 shekels or about $18,000 if they celebrated publicly or spoke to media.[35][135] One released teenager was told by Israeli officials that he was "not allowed to leave [his] house, raise any signs or banners" and that if any of the rules were broken he could be re-arrested; additionally, leading up to his release, his family's home had been searched several times.[130] The Palestinian Prisoners Society stated more Palestinians had been arrested than released since the start of the ceasefire.[136]

Violations of ceasefire

On the first day of the ceasefire, the IDF opened fire on the hundreds of Palestinians trying to return to their homes in northern Gaza, killing 2 Palestinians and injuring 11.[123][137] Many were returning home to retrieve their belongings. The IDF had warned Palestinians to not return by dropping leaflets. Some Palestinians decided to make the journey anyway due to lack of clothing and food.[123][138][139]

Both sides have blamed each other for violating the ceasefire agreement, shortly after it began. About two weeks following the ceasefire's end, a senior Israeli officer said that Hamas broke the ceasefire 15 minutes after it began with a series of attacks by dozens of fighters against Israeli positions in the town of Salatin, near Jabaliya, which stopped after Israeli troops repulsed them and killed about 20 Hamas fighters.[140] Israel accused Hamas of launching rockets into Israel about 15 minutes after the start of the pause, and claimed that it had not retaliated. The Gaza Health Ministry said that two people were killed and about thirty injured after Israeli soldiers had opened fire on Palestinians in the early morning.[125] Sky News reported on 24 November that Israeli sniper fire injured members of a group of civilians trying to cross from the North to the South of Gaza on the first day of the ceasefire.[141][142]

On 28 November, allegations of breaking the ceasefire were again raised by both sides. The IDF claimed that Hamas had detonated explosive devices near IDF troops, reportedly injuring several IDF soldiers with shots additionally fired upon them from Hamas militants. Hamas raised claims that the IDF's actions had raised friction in northern Gaza, with Israeli fighter jets flown over the Strip.[143][144]

As of 29 November 2023, Hamas had not allowed Red Cross officials to visit hostages still being held in Gaza. This decision is a violation of the truce agreement between Israel and Hamas that stipulated Red Cross officials would be able to visit the hostages still held captive in Gaza by the end of the fourth day of the ceasefire.[118] An Israeli sniper shot and injured men in Gaza.[145][better source needed] The United Nations reported that two Palestinians in Gaza were killed by Israeli fire.[146][better source needed] On 30 November Hamas claimed responsibility to shooting Israelis at a bus stop in Jerusalem.[147]

Reactions

On 27 October, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution ES-10/21 calling for an "immediate and sustained" humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities.

The Israeli Prime Minister's Office released a statement on the release of the first group of hostages on 24 November, stating that the government "embraces our citizens returning home" and that they were "committed to the return of all hostages and missing persons." Israel President Isaac Herzog, also commented on the release along with Opposition Leader Yair Lapid, and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, who all welcomed back the hostages and indicated their work would not be complete until every hostage had been released.[148]

A physician who has been working with those released from being hostages remarked on the resilience of many of those released, but cautioned the long process of restoring those released sense of trust and control while living in Israel.[149]

From families of hostages

Gil Dickman, the cousin of a hostage named Carmel, told The Independent that "if this deal opens the door to the next deal," then more hostages will be released, adding "the problem is whether it’s going to fall apart in between the days."[150] Another hostages parent lamented over her jealousy that the families of those released hostages were able to hug and see their released loved ones.[123]

Many family members also referenced those still held captive, with a brother of one of the return children stating while they were happy, there were still other hostages and they needed to keep up the struggle until everyone was returned. Another who had a relative returned but another is still held captive, stated that they were still missing parts of their heart.[149] Relatives of an American-Israeli girl who was orphaned in the 7 October attacks celebrated her release stating, "there are no words to express our relief and gratitude" on her homecoming.[151]

Palestinians

Palestinian residents had mixed reactions. Some told The New York Times that it was "a little bit of relief" while many feared it would not end the war. One view was that four days was not enough time to pull bodies from the rubble or search for missing people.[152] In the West Bank, thousands reportedly gathered around the Israeli military's Ofer Prison awaiting the release of the Palestinian prisoners, while waving Palestinian flags. Israeli police reportedly fired tear gas into the crowd in an effort to disperse it.[123] Israel's National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir said that Palestinians were banned from celebrating their release, because "Expressions of joy are equivalent to backing terrorism, victory celebrations give backing to those human scum, for those Nazis."[153] In the Qalandiya refugee camp in the West Bank, a Palestinian stated that while the cease fire is a good pause from the bombardment it is not a solution, calling the Israeli military actions a massacre.[125] Some feared the return of airstrikes "at any minute."[154]

Bisan Owda, who had been documenting the conflict on social media, criticized the ceasefire as not guaranteeing the end of Israel's military operations in Gaza, "not enough to pull the dead bodies from under the rubble and bury them," and freelance journalist Hind Khoudary said the ceasefire was "meaningless" without being able to return to Gaza.[152]

International

The deal was welcomed by U.S. President Joe Biden[155] and by the United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia. The prime minister of Qatar, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani expressed hope that the ceasefire would become permanent and the deal was applauded by Arab foreign ministers, who called for significant increase in aid to Gaza and an extended truce.[150] Politico reported that some in the Biden administration was concerned that a ceasefire would give journalists greater access to Gaza and allow them to report on destruction there, turning public opinion against Israel.[156] During the ceasefire, U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken said that any future military operation by Israel should include plans to minimize further casualties of Palestinian civilians.[157]

On 22 November, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa welcomed the four-day ceasefire and expressed hope that it would bolster efforts to achieve an "outright end to the current conflict."[158] Joel Weiller, the Director General of Médecins du Monde, stated, "A four-day pause is a band-aid not healthcare. This is not humanitarian access, it's a joke."[159] On 30 November, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez stated that continuing the military actions in Gaza after the truce ends is not acceptable, and that he doubts Israel respects the international humanitarian law.[160] On the same day, 30 November, Jordan's king - Abdullah, urged U.N. aid officials and international groups to pile pressure on Israel to allow more humanitarian aid into Gaza.[161]

On 22 December, Scottish Prime Minister Humza Yousaf stated, "When history books tell the story of the devastation of Gaza, future generations will rightly condemn those who opposed an immediate ceasefire."[162]

White House National Security Council spokesman John Kirby has attributed the end of the temporary cease-fire agreement with Israel to Hamas. Kirby stated on "Fox News Sunday" that the U.S. believes eight or nine Americans are still held hostage by Hamas in Gaza. Kirby stated: "Hamas is the reason that the pause ended, because they refused to put on the list additional women and children that we know that they are holding and they're refusing to let go," Kirby said. "We are working literally by the hour to see if we can get this back on track." Kirby further stated that the US is working to reinstate the cease-fire. Despite recognizing the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, Kirby underscored the need to help Israel eliminate the threat from Hamas.[163][164][15][165][16]

On December 2, Netanyahu ordered the return of the delegation from Doha, as negotiations reportedly had stalled due to Hamas's refusal to implement agreements that provided for the release of all children and women from a list of hostages.[166] The same day, after the truce had already ended, Turkey's president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated that the opportunity for a permanent ceasefire was lost due to what he refers to as "Israel's uncompromising approach".[167]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Trudeau notably did not call for a ceasefire, leading to condemnation from donors.[71]
  2. ^ East Jerusalem is considered Israeli-occupied Palestinian territory under international law.[95][96]

References

  1. ^ "Israel-Hamas truce deal: All that you need to know". Al Jazeera English. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  2. ^ "Who Are the Palestinian Prisoners to Be Released in the Israel-Hamas Hostage Deal?". Haaretz. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  3. ^ Massoud, Bassam; Rose, Emily (22 November 2023). "Israel, Hamas agree 4-day truce for hostage release and aid into Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  4. ^ "Truce in Israel-Hamas war extended by a day, minutes before it was set to expire". Associated Press. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  5. ^ "Israel and Hamas agree to extend their cease-fire by another day". Associated Press. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  6. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Salem, Mohammad; Pamuk, Humeyra; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Pamuk, Humeyra (30 November 2023). "Israel, Hamas extend Gaza truce by one day in last-minute deal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Blinken seeks a new extension of the Gaza cease-fire as he heads again to the Middle East". Associated Press. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Hamas says Israel rejected proposed hostage release to extend truce ends". The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  9. ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Burke, Jason (1 December 2023). "Israel launches strikes on Gaza as fighting resumes after truce expires". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  10. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Salem, Suhaib; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (1 December 2023). "Israel resumes Gaza assault after rockets fired, heavy fighting reported". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  11. ^ Najjar, Farah; Muro, Adam (1 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: Israel resumes Gaza bombing after truce expires". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  12. ^ "IDF says it has renewed combat in Gaza: 'Hamas violated the ceasefire'". The Times of Israel. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  13. ^ "Israeli air strikes pound Gaza as truce with Hamas ends". Al Jazeera. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  14. ^ "Israel pulls Mossad negotiators from Qatar after 'impasse' over captives". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  15. ^ a b "White house blames Hamas for ceasefire collapse; Gaza rockets fired into central Israel, Ashdod". Ynetnews. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  16. ^ a b US Blames Hamas for End of Gaza Truce, 1 December 2023, retrieved 4 December 2023
  17. ^ a b "Israel and U.S. Face Growing Isolation as Deadly War in Gaza Continues With No End in Sight". Times. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. Israel and the United States were increasingly isolated as they faced global calls for a cease-fire in Gaza, including a non-binding vote expected to pass at the United Nations later on Tuesday. Israel has pressed ahead with an offensive against Gaza's Hamas rulers that it says could go on for weeks or months.
  18. ^ a b "Israel and US show sharp divisions over mounting casualties and future of war against Hamas". Associated Press. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. Israel and the United States on Tuesday showed their sharpest public disagreement yet over the conduct and future of the war against Hamas as the two allies became increasingly isolated by global calls for a cease-fire.
  19. ^ a b "US increasingly alone in Israel support as 153 countries vote for ceasefire at UN". The Guardian. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. The United States was looking increasingly isolated on the world stage on Tuesday after a resounding vote at the UN general assembly calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza.
  20. ^ a b "U.S. and Israel increasingly isolated amid growing calls for a cease-fire". NBC News. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. As the Israeli military expands its military operations in Gaza, NBC News' Hala Gorani reports on the Israel Defense Forces latest offensive against Hamas and how the U.S. and Israel are becoming increasingly isolated internationally amid growing calls for a cease-fire.
  21. ^ "Hamas plans to use Israeli civilian hostages as human shields". i24NEWS. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  22. ^ "Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas". The Atlantic. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  23. ^ Fabian, Emanuel; Staff, ToI; Agencies (7 October 2023). "Israel confirms civilians and soldiers abducted by Hamas into Gaza". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  24. ^ Vinograd, Cassandra; Kershner, Isabel (9 October 2023). "Hamas Took Scores of Hostages From Israel. Here's What We Know About Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  25. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (17 October 2023). "Hamas says 250 people held hostage in Gaza". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  26. ^ "More than half of Hamas' hostages have foreign nationality - Israel". Reuters. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  27. ^ Burke, Jason (24 November 2023). "Hamas releases 25 hostages on first day of Gaza ceasefire". The Guardian. Jerusalem. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  28. ^ Boxerman, Aaron (16 November 2023). "2 Israeli Hostages' Bodies Were Recovered Near Al-Shifa Hospital, Army Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023.
  29. ^ a b c Lilieholm, Lucas; Michaelis, Tamar; Ehlinger, Maija; Paddison, Laura (29 October 2023). "Netanyahu under pressure from hostages' families and cabinet as Gaza operation escalates". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Who are the Palestinian prisoners Israel released on Friday?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  31. ^ Tahhan, Zena Al. "Israel doubles number of Palestinian prisoners to 10,000 in two weeks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  32. ^ Salman, Abeer; Elbagir, Nima; Arvantidis, Barbara; Platt, Alex; Ebrahim, Nadeen (22 November 2023). "Who are the Palestinian prisoners on Israel's list for potential release?". CNN. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  33. ^ Tahhan, Zena Al. "Israel arrests almost as many Palestinians as it has released during truce". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  34. ^ Fayyad, Abdallah (22 November 2023). "Why Israel imprisons so many Palestinians". Vox. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  35. ^ a b c Noriega, David (30 November 2023). "Israeli prisoner release shines light on system of detaining Palestinians without charge". NBC News. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Gallant tells families 'all for all' hostage offer phony, pushes military pressure". The Times of Israel. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Israel rejects ceasefire calls as forces set to deepen offensive". Reuters. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  38. ^ Burke, Jason (23 October 2023). "Two Israeli hostages released as efforts intensify to free people held by Hamas". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  39. ^ "Hamas leader due in Cairo for talks as pressure for Gaza truce mounts". BBC news. 20 December 2023.
  40. ^ Magid, Jacob (23 October 2023). "As EU weighs ceasefire call, US rejects any such push, says it only benefits Hamas". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  41. ^ Borger, Julian (16 November 2023). "Joe Biden issues strident defence of refusal to call for ceasefire in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  42. ^ "Sunak supports pause in Gaza fighting for aid to enter, but not a cease-fire". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  43. ^ "Israel-Hamas war LIVE updates: No possibility of ceasefire until all hostages released, says Netanyahu". India Today. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  44. ^ "Starmer's no-ceasefire position makes moral and strategic sense". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  45. ^ "Germany's Scholz opposes 'immediate cease-fire'". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  46. ^ "Jewish Groups Rally for Israel on National Mall". The New York Times. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  47. ^ Beaumont, Peter (22 November 2023). "Netanyahu avoids political rebellion over Hamas hostage deal but ally calls it 'immoral'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  48. ^ Fulton, Adam; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Kassam, Ashifa; Sullivan, Helen; Fulton, Adam (28 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: Gaza phone and internet cut off as Israel intensifies attacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  49. ^ "UNGA urges humanitarian truce in Gaza: How did your country vote?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  50. ^ Naar, Ismaeel (28 October 2023). "Iraq blames 'technical fault' for Gaza ceasefire vote mix-up at UN General Assembly". The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  51. ^ "African Union urges end to Israel-Gaza war". The Africa Report. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  52. ^ "Brazil's Lula calls for ceasefire, humanitarian intervention in Israel-Palestinian conflict". Reuters. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  53. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro speaks to Abbas, condemns Israel's actions". Reuters. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  54. ^ Saifi, Sophia (16 October 2023). "Pakistan's prime minister calls for ceasefire in Gaza amid nationwide pro-Palestinian rallies". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  55. ^ O'Leary, Naomi. "Motion calling for immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza passed in Dáil". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  56. ^ Gan, Nector (19 October 2023). "China's Xi seeks swift end to Israel-Hamas conflict, calls for two-state solution". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  57. ^ Gumrukcu, Tuvan (20 October 2023). "Turkey's Erdogan calls on Israel to stop its attacks on Gaza 'amounting to genocide'". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  58. ^ Mansour, Thaer (21 October 2023). "Sisi presents plan for ceasefire in Gaza, slams displacement of Palestinians". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  59. ^ "Opening remarks by President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Cairo Summit for Peace, Cairo, Egypt". The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  60. ^ Al-Rahim, Rend (25 October 2023). "Iraq, Sudani, and the War on Gaza". Arab Center Washington D.C. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  61. ^ Fitch, Asa; Said, Summer. "Saudi Leader Presses for Gaza Ceasefire in Biden Call". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  62. ^ Azmi, Hadi (24 October 2023). "'Height of barbarism': Malaysia's Anwar slams Israel over Gaza strikes as thousands flock to pro-Palestinian rally". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  63. ^ "Stopping Israel's war on Gaza 'an absolute necessity': Jordan king". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  64. ^ Paton, Craig (25 October 2023). "How many more children have to die in Gaza before ceasefire call, asks Yousaf". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  65. ^ "Abbas joins Arab leaders in calling for Gaza truce in meeting with Blinken". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  66. ^ "Mexico rules out severing ties with Israel over Gaza, calls for peace". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  67. ^ Sigsworth, Tim; Nanu, Maighna (10 November 2023). "Israel must stop bombing Gaza, says Macron". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  68. ^ "Macron calls on Israel to stop killing Gaza's women and babies". BBC News. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  69. ^ "Indonesian President Joko Widodo urges Biden to help end Gaza 'atrocities'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  70. ^ "Israel-Hamas War LIVE: Israel 'killing of babies' must end, says Trudeau". Hindustan Times. 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  71. ^ Ljunggren, David. "Muslim donor group shuns Canada PM Trudeau's government over Gaza stance". Reuters. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  72. ^ "Ceasefire and political solution only way forward: Belgian deputy PM". Dawn. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  73. ^ "UN Security Council meeting to discuss ceasefire resolution". BBC News. 9 December 2023.
  74. ^ Keeley, Graham. "Spain, Ireland, Belgium, Malta want EU summit to call for Gaza ceasefire". Reuters. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  75. ^ "Cuban Foreign Minister urges to stop escalation of violence in Palestine". Radio Cadena Agramonte. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  76. ^ "FM calls for Gaza ceasefire, civilian protection, humanitarian corridors". Jordan Times. 22 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  77. ^ "Algerian delegation walks out as Israeli envoy speaks at UN". Middle East Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Indonesia Urges UN Security Council to Immediately End War in Gaza". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  79. ^ Magid, Jacob. "9 Arab nations – including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Morocco – accuse Israel of 'collective punishment'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  80. ^ "Labour MP quits front bench over Starmer's stance on Gaza conflict". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  81. ^ "Israel-Gaza crisis: US vetoes Security Council resolution". UN News. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  82. ^ "UN chief urges ceasefire to end Gaza's 'godawful nightmare'". France 24. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  83. ^ Fassihi, Farnaz (24 October 2023). "Cease-fire Calls Dominate Fiery U.N. Security Council Session". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023. While condemning Hamas's "appalling" attacks, he emphasized that these actions could not "justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people" and acknowledged the historical grievances of Palestinians. Israeli officials criticized Guterres, with Israeli foreign minister Eli Cohen canceling a meeting and demanding Guterres's resignation.
  84. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (25 October 2023). "World leaders seek to suspend Israel-Hamas fighting for Gaza aid". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  85. ^ "Pope calls for Israel-Hamas ceasefire, hostage release". Reuters. 29 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  86. ^ "UN refugee chief: Disregarding the basic rules of war ... is increasingly becoming the norm". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  87. ^ Cassidy, Caitlin (1 November 2023). "'Ceasefire now': Australian Jewish group holds vigils for peace in Sydney and Melbourne". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  88. ^ Inter-Agency Standing Committee (5 November 2023). "Statement by Principals of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, on the situation in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, "We need an immediate humanitarian ceasefire"". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  89. ^ Pamuk, Humeyra; Lewis, Simon (10 November 2023). "Over 1,000 USAID officials call for Gaza ceasefire in letter". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  90. ^ Carrell, Severin (21 November 2023). "Scottish Labour backs calls for full ceasefire in Israel-Hamas war". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  91. ^ "EU foreign policy chief: Israel must respect international law". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  92. ^ "European Parliament votes on ceasefire resolution in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  93. ^ Biryabarema, Elias. "Non-Aligned Movement leaders denounce Israel's military campaign in Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  94. ^ Pacchiani, Gianluca. "As IDF advances in Gaza, Hamas chief Haniyeh claims to seek 'political negotiations'". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  95. ^ "The Illegality of the Israeli Occupation of the Palestinian West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza: What the International Court of Justice Will Have to Determine in its Advisory Opinion for the United Nations General Assembly". Opinio Juris. 23 December 2022. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  96. ^ "East Jerusalem – OCHA" (PDF). December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  97. ^ "We will repeat the October 7 attack time and again until Israel is annihilated, says Hamas official Ghazi Hamad". Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  98. ^ "Netanyahu says Israel opposes temporary ceasefire unless all hostages are freed". CNN. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  99. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (6 November 2023). "Gaza death toll tops 10,000; UN calls it a children's graveyard". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  100. ^ "Israel 'continues to evade, procrastinate' on truce: Hamas". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  101. ^ Bohannon, Molly (20 December 2023). "Israel Offers Week-Long Cease-Fire In Exchange For 40 Hostages In Latest Negotiations". Forbes. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  102. ^ Said, Summer; Stancati, Margherita; Mauldin, William (20 December 2023). "Hamas Rejection Sours Israeli Bid to Revive Hostage Talks". WSJ. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  103. ^ "Hamas says no hostage negotiations unless fighting in Gaza stops; Israel: No chance". The Times of Israel. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  104. ^ Marquardt, Alex (23 January 2024). "Exclusive: Israel's spy chief proposed letting Hamas leaders leave Gaza as part of broader ceasefire talks | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  105. ^ a b "What does the cease-fire between Israel and Hamas look like?". Associated Press. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  106. ^ "Israel, Hamas agree to truce, paving way for some captives' release". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  107. ^ Burke, Jason; Michaelson, Ruth; Borger, Julian (22 November 2023). "Israel and Hamas agree deal for release of some hostages and four-day ceasefire". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  108. ^ "What can we expect from the four-day truce between Israel and Hamas in Gaza?". France 24. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  109. ^ "Gaza war resumes after truce expires. Here's what you need to know". CNN. December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  110. ^ a b Schneider, Tal; Keller-Lynn, Carrie (22 November 2023). "Release of 50 abducted women, children to begin 10 a.m. Thursday – Israeli official". The Times Of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  111. ^ "Israel, Hamas agree four-day truce, 50 hostages to go free". Reuters. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  112. ^ "Live updates: Israel-Hamas pause in fighting to start Thursday morning, Egyptian state media say". Associated Press. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  113. ^ "Israeli government agrees to hostage deal". NBC News. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  114. ^ Beaumont, Peter (22 November 2023). "Netanyahu avoids political rebellion over Hamas hostage deal but ally calls it 'immoral'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  115. ^ "Israeli official says talks continuing, hostage release won't take place before Friday". Associated Press. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  116. ^ "Israeli Hamas-held Hostages Release Imminent; Expected to Land in Israel at 6 P.M. After Gaza-Egypt Handover". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  117. ^ "Israeli official says Hamas has enough hostages to cover 2–3 day truce extension". Reuters. 29 November 2023.
  118. ^ a b "Sources say Red Cross has not yet been allowed to visit hostages in Gaza – a violation of truce agreement". CNN. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  119. ^ "Are Israel and Hamas nearing a 'hostage' deal? What to know". Al Jazeera. 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  120. ^ "Israel, Hamas in advanced talks to release 50 more Gaza hostages – senior official". The Times of Israel. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  121. ^ Fulton, Adam; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Yang, Maya; Bryant, Tom; Rawlinson, Kevin; Livingstone, Helen; Holmes, Oliver. "Israel-Hamas war live: ceasefire due to begin in Gaza on Friday morning with first hostage release expected shortly after". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  122. ^ Tanyos, Faris; Reals, Tucker (24 November 2023). "Group of hostages released as temporary cease-fire in Israel-Hamas war takes effect". CBS News. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  123. ^ a b c d e Jobain, Najib; Federman, Josef; Jeffery, Jack (24 November 2023). "Hamas frees first batch of hostages under truce, including 13 Israelis, officials and media say". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  124. ^ Masoud, Bassam; Laizans, Janis (24 November 2023). "Thailand says 12 hostages freed in Gaza; Israeli media report others being handed over". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  125. ^ a b c Neuman, Scott; Estrin, Daniel; Mann, Brian (24 November 2023). "13 Israelis are among the two dozen hostages freed by Hamas". NPR. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  126. ^ Shoaib, Alia. "Israeli hostages released by Hamas have undergone initial medical tests and are in good condition, says IDF". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  127. ^ "In first day of extended Gaza truce, Israel and Hamas ready to release more captives". NPR. 28 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  128. ^ Adams, Paul; Baker, Graeme (28 November 2023). "Freed Hamas captives tell of fear, squalor and hunger". Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  129. ^ Zilber, Neri (24 November 2023). "Who are the Palestinian women and children being freed under hostage deal?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  130. ^ a b Gozzi, Laura (28 November 2023). "Boy, 14, and freelance reporter among Palestinians freed". Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  131. ^ "Activist Ahed Tamimi among Palestinians freed by Israel in Gaza truce swap". Reuters. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  132. ^ Waghorn, Dominic. "Israel-Hamas war: 'We were treated like dogs' – released Palestinian prisoners complain of mistreatment". Sky News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  133. ^ "'We were humiliated': Freed Palestinian prisoner recounts ordeal during Israeli detention". Dawn. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  134. ^ "Released Palestinians recount harsh conditions in Israeli prisons". Al Jazeera. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  135. ^ "Palestinians say life in prison got worse once war started". USA Today. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  136. ^ Magee, Zoe. "More Palestinians detained than released during truce, rights group says". ABC News. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  137. ^ "Israeli Forces Open Fire at Palestinians Returning North, Kill Two". Palestine Chronicle. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  138. ^ "Israeli troops fire at Palestinians attempting to return to northern Gaza during cease-fire". PBS. Associated Press. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  139. ^ "Israeli forces open fire to stop people returning to north Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  140. ^ Hamas broke temporary truce in Gaza minutes after it began, senior IDF officer says
  141. ^ "Israel-Hamas war: Palestinians hit by sniper fire in northern Gaza on first day of truce". Sky News. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  142. ^ "Palestinian teenager 'dizzy with happiness' to be freed". BBC News. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  143. ^ Iordache, Ruxandra. "Israel-Hamas war updates: Israel and Hamas accuse each other of truce breaches on fifth day of temporary cease-fire". CNBC. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  144. ^ "Hamas attacks Israeli forces in Gaza amid ceasefire extension efforts". The Jerusalem Post. 28 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  145. ^ "Israeli sniper targets Palestinian in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  146. ^ "Palestinians killed by Israeli forces despite truce in Gaza: UN". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  147. ^ Dahman, Ibrahim; Kourdi, Eyad (30 November 2023). "Hamas says its fighters killed three people at Jerusalem bus stop". CNN. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  148. ^ Zaig, Gadi (24 November 2023). "Who are the Israeli hostages released by Hamas on Friday?". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  149. ^ a b Boxerman, Aaron (25 November 2023). "The Israeli hostages freed on Friday begin to reunite with their families". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  150. ^ a b Trew, Bel (22 November 2023). "Benjamin Netanyahu vows Gaza war will continue after ceasefire as families of hostages face anxious wait". The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  151. ^ Sainato, Michael (26 November 2023). "'We hoped and prayed': four-year-old American girl among hostages released". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  152. ^ a b Yazbek, Hiba; Bakr Bashir, Abu (22 November 2023). "In Gaza, Deal for Temporary Cease-Fire Brings 'Little Bit of Relief'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  153. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (26 November 2023). "Israel's Insidious Narrative About Palestinian Prisoners". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  154. ^ Khoudary, Hind. "A very 'tough night' in Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  155. ^ Livingstone, Helen; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Belam, Martin; Sullivan, Helen (22 November 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: no hostages to be released before Friday, says senior Israeli official". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  156. ^ Ward, Alexander; Cancryn, Adam; Lemire, Jonathan (21 November 2023). "Biden admin officials see proof their strategy is working in hostage deal". Politico. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  157. ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Burke, Jason (1 December 2023). "Israel launches strikes on Gaza as fighting resumes after truce expires". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  158. ^ "South Africa hopes Gaza truce bolsters efforts to end conflict". Reuters. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  159. ^ Farge, Emma (24 November 2023). "UN agencies hope truce will allow aid to flow to northern Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  160. ^ "Spain PM Sanchez angers Israel with comments on Gaza again". Reuters. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  161. ^ Al-Khalidi, Suleiman; Safty, Sarah El (30 November 2023). "Jordan's king calls on Israel to allow more aid into Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  162. ^ "'Future generations will condemn those who opposed ceasefire': Scottish leader". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  163. ^ Wallace, Danielle (3 December 2023). "Kirby blames Hamas for breaking cease-fire: 'We know they are holding' more women and children". Fox News. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  164. ^ MAGID, JACOB (3 December 2023). "White House says Israel 'making effort' to better protect Gaza civilians". Times of Israel.
  165. ^ Baker, Peter; Demirjian, Karoun (3 December 2023). "U.S. Is Pressing Israel and Hamas to Resume Talks, White House Official Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  166. ^ "Представители "Мосада" возвращаются из Дохи в Израиль, переговоры о "перемирии" зашли в тупик". NEWSru.co.il (in Russian). 2 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  167. ^ "Turkey's Erdogan: chance for peace in Gaza conflict lost for now". Reuters. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Israel–Hamas_ceasefire&oldid=1255636354"