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Visa requirements for Cuban citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Cuban passport

Visa requirements for Cuban citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Cuba.

As of June 15, 2024, Cuban citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 64 countries and territories, ranking the Cuban passport 79th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

[edit]
Visa requirements for Cuban citizens holding ordinary passports
  Cuba
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

[edit]

Visa requirements for holders of ordinary passports travelling for tourism purposes:

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania eVisa[3][4]
 Algeria Visa required[5]
 Andorra Visa required[6]
 Angola eVisa[7][8] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[9]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[10]
  • An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[11] 1 month
  • Extendable up to 6 months.
 Argentina Visa required[12]
 Armenia eVisa[13] 120 days
  • Cuban citizens may apply for a visa on arrival if they hold a valid visa or valid permanent resident permit (resident card) issued by Australia, Belarus, Canada, Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Schengen Area member states, United Kingdom or United States.
  • Obtainable on arrival at Zvartnots International Airport (EVN), Yerevan.
 Australia Visa required[14][15]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
 Austria Visa required[16]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[17][18] 30 days
  • Visitors must register at the State Migration Service if they stay more than 15 days.
 Bahamas eVisa[19]
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[20] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[21] 30 days
  • Extensions possible.
  • Visitors must hold a proof of purpose of stay.
  • Sufficient funds of 500 USD required.
 Barbados Visa not required[22] 28 days
 Belarus Visa not required[23] 30 days
 Belgium Visa required[24]
 Belize Visa required[25]
 Benin eVisa[26][27] 30 days
 Bhutan eVisa[28][29]
 Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[30] 90 days[31]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[32]
 Botswana Visa not required[33] 90 days
  • Extensions possible (if applied prior to arrival).
  • Applications for stays of more than 90 days should be directed to Immigration and Passport Control Office, P.O. Box 942, Gaborone, Botswana.
 Brazil Visa required[34]
 Brunei Visa required[35]
 Bulgaria Visa required[36]
 Burkina Faso eVisa / Visa on arrival[37][38]
  • Extensions possible.
  • Fees: Single entry: XOF 47,000.-; Multiple entry: XOF 61,000.-
 Burundi Visa on arrival[39] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[40][41] 30 days
  • Extensions possible.
  • Fees: USD 30.- for tourists; extension fee varies according to length.
  • Visitors must hold a passport photo.
  • Day trips are not permitted, except when arriving and departing in Phnom Penh International Airport (PNH).
 Cameroon eVisa[42][43]
 Canada Visa required[44]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[45]
  • Fee: EUR 25.-
 Central African Republic Visa required[46]
 Chad Visa required[47]
 Chile Visa required[48]
 China Visa required[49]
 Colombia Online Visa[50][51]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[52] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[53]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[54][55] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[56]
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[57][58] 3 months
 Croatia Visa required[59]
 Cyprus Visa required[60]
 Czech Republic Visa required[61]
 Denmark Visa required[62]
 Djibouti eVisa[63][64] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[65] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[66]
 Ecuador Visa required[67]
 Egypt Visa on arrival[68] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa required[69]
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[70][71]
 Eritrea Visa required[72]
 Estonia Visa required[73]
 Eswatini Visa required[74]
 Ethiopia Visa required[75]
  • Credit card payment transactions are not accepted when applying for e-Visa.[76]
 Fiji Visa not required[77] 120 days
 Finland Visa required[78]
 France Visa required[79]
 Gabon eVisa[80][81] 90 days
 Gambia Visa required[82]
 Georgia eVisa[83][84] 90 days
 Germany Visa required[85]
 Ghana Visa required[86]
 Greece Visa required[87]
 Grenada Visa not required[88] 60 days
 Guatemala Visa required[89]
 Guinea eVisa[90][91] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[92] 90 days
 Guyana Visa not required[93] 90 days
 Haiti Visa required[94]
 Honduras Visa required[95]
 Hungary Visa required[96]
 Iceland Visa required[97]
 India eVisa[98] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][99]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[100]
  • Printed copy of the e-Tourist Visa required on arrival.
 Indonesia Visa required[101]
 Iran Visa not required[102][103] 15 days
 Iraq Visa required[104]
 Ireland Visa required[105]
 Israel Visa required[106]
 Italy Visa required[107]
 Jamaica Visa required[108]
 Japan Visa required[109]
 Jordan Visa required[110]
 Kazakhstan eVisa[111][112]
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[113][114] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
 Kiribati Visa not required[115] 90 days
 North Korea Visa required[116]
 South Korea Visa required[117]
 Kuwait Visa required[118]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[119]
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[120] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[124]
 Lebanon Visa required[125]
 Lesotho eVisa[126][127]
 Liberia Visa required[128]
 Libya eVisa[129][130]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[131]
 Lithuania Visa required[132]
 Luxembourg Visa required[133]
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[134] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa[135][136]
 Malaysia Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[138] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[139]
 Malta Visa required[140]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[141] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[142]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[143] 60 days
 Mexico Visa required[144]
 Micronesia Visa not required[145] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[146] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Monaco Visa required[147]
 Mongolia Visa not required[148] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa required[149]
 Morocco Visa required[150]
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[151] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa required[152]
 Namibia Visa not required[153] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[154]
   Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[155] 90 days[156]
 Netherlands Visa required[157]
 New Zealand Visa required[158]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[159]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[160] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[161]
 Nigeria Visa required[162]
 North Macedonia Visa required[163]
 Norway Visa required[164]
 Oman Visa not required[165] 14 days
 Pakistan Online Visa[166][167] 3 months
  • Online Visa eligible.[168]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[169] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[170]
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[171][172] 60 days
  • Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
 Paraguay Visa required[173]
 Peru Visa required[174]
 Philippines Visa required[175]
 Poland Visa required[176]
 Portugal Visa required[177]
 Qatar Visa not required[178] 30 days
 Romania Visa required[179]
 Russia Visa not required[180] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[181][182] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[183] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[184] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[185] 1 month
 Samoa Visa not required[186] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[187]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[188][189]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[190]
 Senegal Visa required[191]
 Serbia Visa required[192]
 Seychelles Electronic Border System[193][194] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
 Sierra Leone eVisa[195][196] 3 months
 Singapore Visa not required[197] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[198]
 Slovenia Visa required[199]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[200]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Somalia Visa on arrival[201] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[202]
 South Sudan eVisa[203][204]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel
 Spain Visa required[205]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[206][207] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[208]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
 Sudan Visa required[209]
 Suriname eVisa[210][211]
 Sweden Visa required[212]
  Switzerland Visa required[213]
 Syria Visa required[214]
 Tajikistan Visa not required[215][216] 30 days
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[217][218] 90 days
 Thailand Visa not required[219] 60 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[220] 30 days
 Togo eVisa[221][222] 15 days
 Tonga Visa required[223]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[224] 90 days
 Tunisia Visa required[225]
 Turkey Visa required[226]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[227]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[228] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[229][230] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa required[231]
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[232]
  • May apply using 'Smart service'.[233]
 United Kingdom Visa required[234]
 United States Visa required[235]
 Uruguay Visa required[237]
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[238] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[239] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa required[240]
 Venezuela Visa required[241]
 Vietnam eVisa[242][243]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa required[244]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[245][246] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[247] 3 months

Territories and disputed areas

[edit]

Visa requirements for Cuban citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
 Kosovo Visa required
  • Do not need a visa a holder of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[248]

Non-visa restrictions

[edit]
This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[249] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

[edit]
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[250] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[251]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[252][253]

Passport validity length

[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[254][255] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[256]

Some countries, such as Japan,[257] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[258] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[259] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[260] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[261] Philippines,[262] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[263]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[264] and South Africa.

Criminal record

[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[265] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[266]

Israeli stamps

[edit]
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[267] Lebanon,[268] Libya,[269] Syria,[270] and Yemen[271] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

[edit]
See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[272]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[273][274] Argentina,[275] Brunei, Cambodia,[276] China,[277] Ethiopia,[278] Ghana, Guinea,[279] India, Japan,[280][281] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[282] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[283] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[284] Singapore, South Korea,[285] Taiwan, Thailand,[286] Uganda,[287] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[288][289][290] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[291]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[292] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[293][294]

See also

[edit]

References and Notes

[edit]
References
  1. ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ "Albania eVisa".
  5. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  6. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  7. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  8. ^ "Angola eVisa".
  9. ^ Angola: Migration Service to Speed Up Visa Exemption Procedure
  10. ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  11. ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  12. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  13. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  14. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  15. ^ "Australia Subclass 600".
  16. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  17. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  18. ^ "Azerbaijan eVisa".
  19. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  20. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  21. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  22. ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  23. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  24. ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  25. ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  26. ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  27. ^ "Benin eVisa".
  28. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  29. ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
  30. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  31. ^ "Bolivia Online Visa".
  32. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  33. ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  34. ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  35. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  36. ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  37. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  38. ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
  39. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  40. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  41. ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
  42. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  43. ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
  44. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  45. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  46. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  47. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  48. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  49. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  50. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  51. ^ "Colombia Online Visa".
  52. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  54. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  55. ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
  56. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  57. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  58. ^ "CI eVisa".
  59. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  60. ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  61. ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  62. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  63. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  64. ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
  65. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  66. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  67. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  71. ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  72. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  73. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  74. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  75. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  76. ^ "Apply for Ethiopian eVisa information".
  77. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  79. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  80. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  81. ^ "Gabon eVisa".
  82. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  83. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  84. ^ "Georgia eVisa".
  85. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  86. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  88. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  89. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  90. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  91. ^ "Guinea eVisa".
  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  95. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  97. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  98. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^ e-Visa
  100. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  101. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  103. ^ "Iran eVisa".
  104. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  105. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  106. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  107. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  108. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  111. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  112. ^ "Kazakhstan eVisa".
  113. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  114. ^ "Kenya eTA".
  115. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  121. ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  122. ^ "Lao Visa Online | Lao eVisa Authorization Application". laoevisa.gov.la. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR – Consular Department. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
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  124. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  125. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  126. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  127. ^ "Lesotho eVisa".
  128. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ "Libya eVisa".
  131. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  132. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  133. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  134. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  135. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  136. ^ "Malawi eVisa".
  137. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  139. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  140. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
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  143. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  156. ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
  157. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  158. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
  160. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  162. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  163. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  164. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  165. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  167. ^ "Pakistan Online Visa".
  168. ^ "Tourist Visa".
  169. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  170. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  171. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  172. ^ "PNG eVisa".
  173. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  174. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  177. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  178. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  179. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  180. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  181. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  182. ^ "Rwanda E-Services".
  183. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  184. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  185. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  186. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  187. ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  188. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  189. ^ "ST eVisa".
  190. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  191. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  192. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  193. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  194. ^ "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
  195. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  196. ^ "Sierra Leone eVisa".
  197. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  198. ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  199. ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
  200. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  201. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ "South Sudan eVisa".
  205. ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  206. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  207. ^ "SL eVisa".
  208. ^ "Information".
  209. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  210. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^ "Suriname eVisa". Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  212. ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  213. ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  214. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  215. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  216. ^ "Tajikistan e-Visa".
  217. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  218. ^ "Tanzania eVisa".
  219. ^ "Visa Exemption and Bilateral Agreement | ThaiEmbassy.com". www.thaiembassy.com.
  220. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  221. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  222. ^ "Togo eVisa".
  223. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  224. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  225. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  226. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  227. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  228. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  229. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  230. ^ "Uganda eVisa".
  231. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  232. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  233. ^ "UAE Smart Service".
  234. ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
  235. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  236. ^ "Consular Services Available at U.S. Embassy Havana". U.S. Embassy Havana. March 31, 2022. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023.
  237. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  238. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  239. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  240. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  241. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  242. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  243. ^ "Vietnam eVisa".
  244. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  245. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  246. ^ "Zambia eVisa".
  247. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  248. ^ "Visas For Foreign Citizens - For Kosovo Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo. Archived from the original on 10 March 2013.
  249. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  250. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
  251. ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). 2 September 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  252. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  253. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  254. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  255. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  256. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  257. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  258. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  259. ^ Bahrain government website
  260. ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
  261. ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  262. ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  263. ^ Timatic
  264. ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  265. ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
  266. ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  267. ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  268. ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  269. ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  270. ^ Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism
  271. ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  272. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  273. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
  274. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
  275. ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  276. ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  277. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  278. ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  279. ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
  280. ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  281. ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 26 October 2007.
  282. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  283. ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  284. ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  285. ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  286. ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
  287. ^ AfricaNews (14 January 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  288. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  289. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  290. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  291. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  292. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  293. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  294. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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