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Hans Dammers

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Hans Dammers
Dammers as a Feldwebel
Born(1913-12-08)8 December 1913
Scherpenberg near Moers
Died17 March 1944(1944-03-17) (aged 30)
Stanislau
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchLuftwaffe
RankLeutnant (posthumous)
UnitJG 52, EJGr Ost
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Hans Dammers (8 August 1913 – 17 March 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 113 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. During his numerous ground attack missions he destroyed eleven aircraft, eight locomotives, 39 horse-drawn wagons, 34 trucks, three anti-aircraft emplacements and one armored reconnaissance vehicle.

Born in Scherpenberg near Moers, Dammers was trained as a fighter pilot and was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in 1941. Fighting on the Eastern Front, he claimed his first aerial victory on 31 August 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. On 23 August 1942, Dammers was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for 58 aerial victories claimed. He was credited with his 100th aerial victory on 5 May 1943. He then served as an instructor with Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, a supplementary fighter pilot training unit. In January 1944, he was posted to 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 52. Dammers died on 17 March 1944 in a hospital at Stanislau from wounds sustained in a mid-air collision.

Career

[edit]

Dammers was born on 8 December 1913 in Scherpenberg, present-day a borough of Moers, at the time in the Rhine Province of the German Empire. Following flight training as a fighter pilot,[Note 1] he was posted to the 7. Staffel (7th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 52, in the summer of 1941.[2]

War against the Soviet Union

[edit]

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was ordered to Bucharest by mid-June.[3] There, the unit was subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) and reequipped with the new, more powerful Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 model. On 21 June 1941, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești.[4] Prior to the invasion, Major Gotthard Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).[5] On 27 August, III. Gruppe had reached an airfield named Stschastliwaja located approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) east-southeast of Oleksandriia.[6] There, Dammers claimed his first aerial victory on 31 August over a Polikarpov I-16 fighter aircraft. The following day, he was credited with another I-16 fighter shot down.[7]

On 24 September, III. Gruppe moved to the Poltava Air Base, supporting the 17th Army in the First Battle of Kharkov.[8] On 14 October, Dammers claimed his third aerial victory over another I-16 fighter. Three days later, he claimed an I-26 fighter, an early Luftwaffe designation for a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter.[9] On 23 October, III. Gruppe moved from Poltava to Chaplynka.[10] The following day, he claimed a Polikarpov I-15 fighter aircraft near Ishun.[11] On 2 November, the Gruppe moved to Taganrog where they stayed until 1 January 1942.[10] During this period, Dammers claimed two I-16 fighters on 6 December, another I-16 fighter on 9 December, and his last claim in 1941, a further I-16 fighter, on 27 December.[12]

The German advance: May to November 1942.
  to 7 July
  to 22 July
  to 1 August
  to 18 November

On 29 April, III. Gruppe had relocated to Zürichtal, a small village at the Inhul in the former German settlement west of Feodosia in the Crimea during the Crimean campaign. On 1 May, the Gruppe was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps and was supporting the 11th Army in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula and the Siege of Sevastopol.[13] That day, he claimed his first aerial victory of 1942 and tenth in total when he shot down a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 fighter.[14] Operating from Zürichtal, Dammers claimed eight further aerial victories, increasing his total to 18 victories claimed.[15] On 12 May III. Gruppe relocated again and was ordered to an airfield named Kharkov-Rogan, 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) east of Kharkov where they participated in the Second Battle of Kharkov.[16] The next day, Dammers claimed three aerial victories over MiG-1 fighters in the combat area of Staryi Saltiv on the Donets.[17] Over the next weeks, III. Gruppe was moved several times. On 19 May, the Gruppe moved to Barvinkove where they stayed until 12 June mostly fighting over the encircled Soviet forces in the Izium salient.[16] Here, Dammers claimed an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and three Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers on 26 May.[18]

The Grupp was then ordered to Belgorod and to Grakowo, located approximately halfway between Kharkov and Kupiansk, on 22 June.[19] That day, Dammers became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time when shot down five Soviet fighter aircraft.[20] On 28 June, German forces had launched Case Blue, the strategic summer offensive in southern Russia. On 7 July, Army Group A began their advance towards the oil fields in the Caucasus.[21] On 10 July, Dammers was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold).[22] Three days later, III. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Luhanske.[23] There on 17 July, Dammers (flying Bf 109 G-2 Werknummer 13435—factory number) and his wingman Unteroffizier Kurt Keser jumped Soviet Yak-1 fighter pilot (then Starshiy Leytenant) Aleksandr Pokryshkin, but the future second highest scoring Soviet ace managed to shoot both down. Keser was killed and Dammers bailed out.[24][25]

On 19 July, III. Gruppe moved to Taganrog, staying there until 29 July.[23] Dammers continued his successes, shooting down two Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3s on 28 July, and on 6 August 1942 he claimed an Polikarpov I-153 biplane fighter and two LaGG-3s. Dammers was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 23 August 1942, nominated after 51 aerial victories.[26] The presentation was made by Hermann Graf.[27] On 27 August, III. Gruppe reached an airfield named Gonschtakowka located north-northeast of Mozdok on the Terek. There Dammers became an "ace-in-a-day" for the second time on 5 September over five Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighters which took his total to 63 aerial victories claimed.[28] On 19 September, III. Gruppe reached an airfield named Soldatskaya, west of Mozdok. The Gruppe would remain here until 1 January 1943 but would also use airfields at Mozdok and Digora.[29] Operating from Soldatskaya, Dammers increased his number of aerial victories to 75 by 18 September.[30] By the end of 1942, his total number of aerial victories had increased to 89, making him the fourth most successful fighter pilot of III. Gruppe.[31]

On 15 March 1943, Dammers' 7. Staffel was placed under the command of Oberleutnant Walter Krupinski.[32] The Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead on 1 April 1943 where it was based at an airfield at Taman. Operating from Taman until 2 July, III. Gruppe also flew missions from Kerch on 12 May, from Sarabuz and Saky on 14 May, Zürichtal, present-day Solote Pole, a village near the urban settlement Kirovske on 23 May, and Yevpatoria on 25/26 June.[33] On 5 May 1943, Dammers was credited with his 100th aerial victory, claiming two LaGG fighters that day.[34] He was the 39th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[35]

Fighter pilot instructor and death

[edit]
Karaya emblem

In May 1943, Dammers transferred to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, specialized training unit for new fighter pilots destined for the Eastern Front, as an instructor. On 23 July, he was severely injured in a ground accident when his Bf 109 overturned at Laleu Airfield. Following his recovery, he was transferred to 9. Staffel of JG 52, also known as the Karaya-Staffel, of JG 52 in January 1944.[22] At the time, 9. Staffel was under the command of Oberleutnant Erich Hartmann.[36] This Staffel was also subordinated to III. Gruppe of JG 52. Its commanding officer von Bonin had been replaced by Hauptmann Günther Rall on 5 July 1943.[32]

III. Gruppe was based at Mala Vyska in early January 1944. On night of 9/10 January, the airfield was overrun by Soviet T-34 tanks and had to be abandoned in a hurry. The Gruppe then moved to an airfiel at Novokrasne located approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) east of Pervomaisk.[37] The Gruppe stayed in Mala Vyska until 22 February when it withdrew to Uman.[38] On 6 March, II. Gruppe headed to Kalynivka and to Vinnytsia on 8 March and then to Proskuriv on 12 March.[38] There, Dammers claimed his last two aerial victories, a LaGG fighter on 12 March and another the following day.[39]

Dammers' Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 20162—factory number) "yellow 9" was struck on 13 March 1944 by debris from a shot down Lavochkin La-5 near Oleschyn.[40][41] Dammers bailed out but his parachute got caught on his wing. Dammers succumbed to his injuries and died in hospital on 17 March 1944 in Stanislau, present-day Ivano-Frankivsk.[2][42] He was posthumously promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant).[2] Dammers was married to Gertrud Dammers, née Falkenburg. The couple had two sons, Manfred and Hans-Joachim.[27]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

[edit]

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Dammers was credited with 113 aerial victories.[43] Authors Obermaier and Spick also list Dammers with 113 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions, plus further 23 unwitnessed claims.[2][44] In numerous ground attack missions, he destroyed eleven aircraft, eight locomotives, 39 horse-drawn wagons, 34 trucks, three anti-aircraft emplacements and one armored reconnaissance vehicle.[45] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 103 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.[46]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 06894". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[47]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Dammers an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52[22] –
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1 31 August 1941 10:11 I-16[48] 4 17 October 1941 07:27 I-26 (Yak-1)[49]
2 1 September 1941 18:15 I-16[48] 5 24 October 1941 12:50 I-15[50] vicinity of Ishun
3 14 October 1941 16:51 I-16[49]
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52[22] –
Winter War — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942
6 6 December 1941 08:25 I-16[51] 8 9 December 1941 08:58 I-16[51]
7 6 December 1941 13:51 I-16[51] 9 27 December 1941 11:20 I-16[51]
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52[52] –
Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943
10 29 April 1942 17:39 MiG-1[53] 50 27 July 1942 07:01 R-5[54]
11 30 April 1942 13:34 I-61 (MiG-3)[53] 51 28 July 1942 18:35 LaGG-3[54]
12 2 May 1942 18:08 I-16[55] 52 28 July 1942 18:35 LaGG-3[54]
13 3 May 1942 07:08 I-16[55] 53 6 August 1942 11:02 I-153 PQ 06894[54]
14 5 May 1942 18:18?[Note 2] I-16[55] 54 6 August 1942 13:15 LaGG-3 PQ 05233[54]
15 8 May 1942 15:43 MiG-1[55] 55 6 August 1942 13:19 LaGG-3 PQ 16774, west of Armawir[54]
16 8 May 1942 15:48 MiG-1[56] 56 15 August 1942 08:29 LaGG-3 PQ 34412[57]
17 9 May 1942 12:24 MiG-1[56] 57 15 August 1942 08:35 LaGG-3 PQ 34434[57]
18 9 May 1942 12:29 Yak-1[56] 58 31 August 1942 16:03?[Note 3] LaGG-3 PQ 49392[59]
25 km (16 mi) south of Stalingrad
19 13 May 1942 11:25 MiG-1[56] 59♠ 5 September 1942 09:35 P-40 PQ 49294[60]
40 km (25 mi) east of Stalingrad
20 13 May 1942 14:12 MiG-1 3 km (1.9 mi) southwest of Staryi Saltiv[56]
vicinity of Saltow 		60♠ 5 September 1942 09:38 P-40 PQ 59321[60]
21 13 May 1942 14:23 MiG-1[56] 61♠ 5 September 1942 09:45 P-40 PQ 59193[60]
22 14 May 1942 04:12 MiG-1[56] 62♠ 5 September 1942 12:40 P-40 PQ 49411[60]
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad
23 14 May 1942 04:14 MiG-1[56] 63♠ 5 September 1942 12:43 P-40 PQ 49413[60]
vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
24 14 May 1942 11:22 I-16[61] 64 8 September 1942 06:11 Yak-1 PQ 49294[62]
25 km (16 mi) east of Stalingrad
25 16 May 1942 07:25 MiG-1[61] 65 13 September 1942 16:07 Il-2 PQ 49331[63]
over Stalingrad
26 16 May 1942 07:26 MiG-1[61] 66 14 September 1942 12:33 Yak-1 PQ 49362[63]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Stalingrad
27 17 May 1942 17:03 MiG-1[61] 67 14 September 1942 16:02 LaGG-3 PQ 49272[63]
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad
28 18 May 1942 10:25 MiG-1[61] 68 14 September 1942 16:12 LaGG-3 PQ 49413[63]
vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
29 18 May 1942 10:25 MiG-1[61] 69 15 September 1942 04:57 La-5 PQ 49283[63]
20–30 km (12–19 mi) east of Stalingrad
30 19 May 1942 07:58 MiG-1[64] 70 15 September 1942 14:08 LaGG-3 PQ 49411[63]
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad
31 24 May 1942 17:52 MiG-1[64] 71 15 September 1942 14:15 LaGG-3 PQ 49274[63]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Stalingrad
32 26 May 1942 11:13 Il-2[64] 72 17 September 1942 12:40 LaGG-3 PQ 49412[65]
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad
33 26 May 1942 15:38 Pe-2[64] 73 17 September 1942 16:51 LaGG-3 PQ 49424[65]
25 km (16 mi) east of Stalingrad
34 26 May 1942 15:47 Pe-2[64] 74 18 September 1942 14:25 La-5 PQ 49133[65]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Grebenka
35 26 May 1942 15:53 Pe-2[64] east of Izium 75 18 September 1942 14:29 LaGG-3 PQ 49212[65]
northeast of Grebenka
36 31 May 1942 16:44 I-16[66] 76 20 September 1942 06:58 Yak-1 PQ 40742[65]
37 1 June 1942 06:52 LaGG-3[66] 77 20 September 1942 07:02 Yak-1 PQ 40743[65]
38 1 June 1942 06:56 LaGG-3[66] 78 22 September 1942 14:37 Yak-1 PQ 49423[65]
25 km (16 mi) east of Stalingrad
39♠ 22 June 1942 08:30 MiG-1[67] 79 22 September 1942 14:38 Yak-1 PQ 49401[65]
vicinity of Kurpjok
40♠ 22 June 1942 08:34 MiG-1[67] 80 22 September 1942 14:56 Yak-1 PQ 49413[65]
vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
41♠ 22 June 1942 14:16 LaGG-3[67] 81 23 September 1942 16:30 Yak-1 PQ 40794[65]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Grebenka
42♠ 22 June 1942 14:34 Hurricane[67] 82 23 September 1942 16:34 Yak-1 PQ 40753[65]
30 km (19 mi) north of Gumrak
43♠ 22 June 1942 14:40 Hurricane[67] 83 25 September 1942 16:15 Yak-1 PQ 40734[65]
35–40 km (22–25 mi) north of Grebenka
44 23 June 1942 16:37 MiG-1[67] 84 24 November 1942 11:54 LaGG-3 PQ 43213[68]
45 25 June 1942 07:53 MiG-1[69] 85 28 November 1942 13:40 LaGG-3 PQ 44761[68]
46 17 July 1942 10:12 I-15[54] 86 28 November 1942 13:41 Il-2 PQ 44733[68]
47 21 July 1942 07:26 MiG-1[54] 87 28 November 1942 13:50?[Note 4] LaGG-3 PQ 44593[68]
48 21 July 1942 12:40 LaGG-3[54] 88 29 November 1942 13:36 MiG-1 PQ 44761[68]
49 21 July 1942 12:46 LaGG-3[54] 89 29 November 1942 13:40 MiG-1 PQ 44734[68]
– Claims with 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52[58] –
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
90 20 March 1943 06:40 Pe-2 PQ 34 Ost 66493[70]
lake north of Cape Achileon 		96?[Note 5] 28 April 1943 17:36 LaGG north of Mertschanskaja
91 16 April 1943 14:45 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 85114[71]
vicinity of Mertschanskaja 		97 29 April 1943 17:10 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 75263[72]
vicinity of Nowo-Bakanskaja
92 18 April 1943 16:17 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 75451[71]
8 km (5.0 mi) south of Novorossiysk 		98 3 May 1943 13:35 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85151, northeast of Abinskaja[72]
vicinity of Abinsk
93 23 April 1943 17:11 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 75411[71]
vicinity of Vasilyevka 		99 4 May 1943 09:10 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 85112[72]
north of Mertschanskaja
94 27 April 1943 17:19 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85114, east of Krymskaja[71]
vicinity of Mertschanskaja 		100 5 May 1943 11:01 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85181[72]
northeast of Usun
95 28 April 1943 13:18 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85172, southwest of Abinskaja[71]
southwest of Abinsk 		101 5 May 1943 11:08 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85123[72]
east of Mertschanskaja
– Claims with 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52[73] –
Eastern Front — March 1944
102 12 March 1944 16:40 LaGG PQ 25 Ost 7035[74][39] 103 13 March 1944 08:50 LaGG PQ 25 Ost 60632[74][39]
vicinity of Balakliia

Awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[1]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:39.[22]
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 16:12.[58]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:49.[58]
  5. ^ This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, and Bock.[71]
  6. ^ According to Obermaier on 20 July 1942.[78]
  7. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the 7./Jagdgeschwader 52.[80]

References

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Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  2. ^ a b c d Obermaier 1989, p. 99.
  3. ^ Weal 2004, p. 56.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 53.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 65.
  6. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 63.
  7. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 329.
  8. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 65.
  9. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 330.
  10. ^ a b Barbas 2010, p. 66.
  11. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 331.
  12. ^ Barbas 2010, pp. 333–334.
  13. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 93.
  14. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 337.
  15. ^ Barbas 2010, pp. 337–339.
  16. ^ a b Barbas 2010, p. 94.
  17. ^ Barbas 2010, pp. 339–340.
  18. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 341.
  19. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 95.
  20. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 343.
  21. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 98.
  22. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 205.
  23. ^ a b Barbas 2010, p. 97.
  24. ^ Bergström et al. 2006, p. 43.
  25. ^ Barbas 2010, pp. 97, 304.
  26. ^ Schreier 1990, p. 176.
  27. ^ a b Page 2020, p. 90.
  28. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 348.
  29. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 102.
  30. ^ Barbas 2010, pp. 348–350.
  31. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 104.
  32. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 474.
  33. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 137.
  34. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 358.
  35. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  36. ^ Brown & Reed 1988, p. 13.
  37. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 179.
  38. ^ a b Barbas 2010, p. 180.
  39. ^ a b c Barbas 2010, p. 374.
  40. ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 266.
  41. ^ Barbas 2010, p. 316.
  42. ^ Weal 2004, p. 103.
  43. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 330.
  44. ^ Spick 1996, p. 232.
  45. ^ Weal 2001, p. 74.
  46. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 205–207.
  47. ^ Planquadrat.
  48. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 71.
  49. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 74.
  50. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 75.
  51. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2005, p. 153.
  52. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 205–206.
  53. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 542.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2006, p. 551.
  55. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 544.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2006, p. 545.
  57. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 553.
  58. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 206.
  59. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 555.
  60. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2006, p. 556.
  61. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2006, p. 546.
  62. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 557.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 558.
  64. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2006, p. 547.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2006, p. 559.
  66. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 548.
  67. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2006, p. 549.
  68. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2006, p. 564.
  69. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 550.
  70. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 478.
  71. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 479.
  72. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 480.
  73. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 207.
  74. ^ a b Prien et al. 2022, p. 259.
  75. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 223.
  76. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 63.
  77. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 78.
  78. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 89.
  79. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 157.
  80. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 265.

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
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  • Brown, Ashley; Reed, Jonathan (1988). The Air Fighters. Harrisburg: National Historical Society. ISBN 0-918678-39-0.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1939–1942. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-52677-864-2.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
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  • Page, Neil (2020). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1943–45. Philadelphia, PA: Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-61200-879-0.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/II—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/II—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-28-4.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Schreier, Hans (1990). JG 52 Das erfolgreichste Jagdgeschwader des 2. Weltkriegs [JG 52 The Most Successful Fighter Wing of World War II] (in German). Berg am See: K. Vowinckel. ISBN 978-3-921655-66-5.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
  • Weal, John (2004). Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 15. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-786-4.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
[edit]
  • "Hans Dammers". Traditionsgemeinschaft Jagdgeschwader 52 (in German). Retrieved 2 July 2012.
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