Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/C2

Directory of articles

A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 - C1 - C2 - D1 - D2 - E1 - E2 - F - G1 - G2 - H1 - H2 - H3 - I - J1 - J2 - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S1 - S2 - S3 - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

501 to 600

501 – 520

Aron Mendes Chumaceiro JE (JE | WP GWP G) Ḥakam of Curaçao, Dutch West Indies; born at Amsterdam Jan. 28, 1810; died there Sept. 18, 1882. He received the
Church Councils S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Synods of the Roman Catholic Church, possessing legislative power in matters pertaining to doctrine and discipline. The Apostles' synod at
Church Fathers S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The early teachers and defenders of Christianity. The most important of the fathers lived and worked in a period when
Abraham David Churriker (JE | WP GWP G) Beni-Israel soldier and police officer; born 1822; died at Puna Nov. 2, 1867. He enlisted in the Third Regiment of
Chushan-Rishathaim S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) A king of Mesopotamia, or, more specifically, of Aram-naharaim ("Aram of the two rivers"), probably a kingdom in northern Mesopotamia
Daniel Abramovich Chwolson JE S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Orientalist; born at Wilna Dec. 15, 1819. As he showed marked ability in the study of Hebrew and Talmud,
Marcus Tullius Cicero S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Roman statesman and orator; born 106; died 43 B.C. In 59 he delivered in the Aurelian Forum at Rome a
Ciciruacchio [it] (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1533: Brunetti, Angelo
Cid S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The conqueror of Valencia (1094) and popular hero of the Spanish nation. Lacking money to pay his knights, he negotiated
Cilicia S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Ancient province of southeastern Asia Minor, separated from Syria by the Taurus-Amanus range. In native Phenician inscriptions the name is
Cincinnati, Ohio >> History of the Jews in Cincinnati S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Seat of Hamilton county, Ohio, U. S. A. Its Jewish community is the oldest west of the Alleghany Mountains. In
Cinnamon S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The bark of the Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a plant so called botanically because growing best in Ceylon. A variety often substituted
Cipher S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G128: GemaṬria
Circumcision (Brit milah) S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) A religious rite performed on male children of Jews on the eighth day after birth; also on their slaves, whether
Circumstantial Evidence (JE | WP GWP G) Evidence consisting of circumstances which afford reasonable ground for believing in the guilt or innocence of an accused person. Circumstantial
Circus S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) In antiquity a large enclosure used for horse-and chariot-races, and sometimes for gladiatorial combats, etc. Public games and theatrical representations
Cisterns S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W116: Well
Cities of Refuge S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A2067: Asylum
Citron (Etrog) S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E506: Etrog
Samuel Löb Citron (JE | WP GWP G) Hebrew writer of fiction and literary critic; born at Minsk, Russia, May 24, 1862. He attended the rabbinical school at

521 – 540

City S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The Hebrews distinguished in size between villages and cities. The individual homesteads (V04p104001.jpg, Ex. viii. 9; Lev. xxv. 31; Josh.
Ciudad Real (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the former province of La Mancha (now the province of Ciudad Real) in New Castile, founded in 1255
Cividali (JE | WP GWP G) Italian city, in the province of Udine. It is a part of the ancient duchy of Friuli, now divided between
Emil Claar [de] (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian poet, playwright, and actor; born Oct. 7, 1842, in Lemberg. Early in life he went to Vienna with the
Classical Writers and the Jews (JE | WP GWP G) The name Ιουδαὶος is apparently first mentioned by Theophrastus, a philosopher of the fourth century B.C. He regards the Jews
Claudius S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Roman emperor, 41-54 C.E. Claudius was the second son of Drusus, the brother of the emperor Tiberius. Being of a
Ritius Namatianus Claudius (JE | WP GWP G) Roman poet. He held high public offices in Rome, but returned (416) to Gaul, the land of his birth, after
Isaiah Clava (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish poet of Amsterdam. He translated from Hebrew into Spanish a Purim song, under the title "Cancio de Purim, Establecido
Robert Clavering (JE | WP GWP G) Bishop of Peterborough and Christian Hebraist; born in 1671; died July 21, 1747. He was regius professor of Hebrew at
Clay S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) A word used in the Old Testament to denote several kinds of soil, including the clays of the East as
Clean and Unclean animals (JE | WP GWP G) Animals ceremonially pure and fit for food, and such as are not. Biblical Data: The distinction between clean and unclean
Cleanness and Uncleanness (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P616: Purity
Daniel Chayyim Cleif (Daniel Hayyim Cleif) (JE | WP GWP G) Russian rabbi; born in Amsterdam 1729; died there May 14, 1794. He settled in Hasenpoth, in the government of Courland,
Clement XIV S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Two hundred and fifty-sixth pope; born at San Arcangelo, near Rimini, Oct. 31, 1705; elected May 19, 1769; died Sept.
Clementina (JE | WP GWP G) A series of kindred works of a Judæo-Christian sect of the second century, of which only the Homilies, the Recognitions,
Cleopatra S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Queen of Egypt 52-30 B.C.; daughter of Ptolemy Auletes. Through her association with the rulers of Rome, Cleopatra was of
Cleopatra of Jerusalem (JE | WP GWP G) One of the nine wives of Herod I., whom he married late in life. She bore to him Herod and
Clergy S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P523: Priest and Priesthood
Clerical errors (JE | WP GWP G) Errors made in the writing of documents, especially legal documents, for the prevention of which the Jews have many stringent
Clermont-Ferrand (JE | WP GWP G) Chief town of the department of Puy-de-Dôme, France. The origin of the Jewish community of Augusta-Nemetum (Clermont) is usually assigned

541 – 560

Cleve, Germany (JE | WP GWP G) -- See J720: JÜlich
Elijah Cleve (JE | WP GWP G) See Gomperz Family.
Cleveland, Ohio >> History of the Jews in Cleveland (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of Cuyahoga county, Ohio, U. S. A.; situated at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and an important port
Climation (JE | WP GWP G) The adaptation of the individual to a new climate. It has been observed that when people emigrate to a strange
Clisson (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the department of Loire-Inférieure, France, formerly belonging to the province of Brittany. Clisson was a center of Jewish
Cloak S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M161: Mantle
Cloud S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The Hebrew equivalents for "cloud" are: (1) "'Anan," (Gen. ix. 13, 14; Ex. xiii., passim), which occurs once in the
Pillar of Cloud (JE | WP GWP G) When Israel was marching through the wilderness, Yhwh, wrapped in a pillar of cloud, preceded the people in order to
Coal S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Expressed in the Bible by two words, V04p123009.jpg (Prov. xxvi. 21; Isa. xliv. 12, liv. 16) andV04p124001.jpg (Ps. xviii. 9
Coat S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) An outer garment with sleeves, for the upper part of the body; in the Bible it is an article of
Coat of Arms S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Armorial bearings of families to which the right to bear arms has been granted by the recognized heraldic authorities. This
Adolphe Coblence (JE | WP GWP G) French army surgeon; born at Nancy May 11, 1812; died in Paris Sept 18, 1872. He entered the service of
Coblenz (Koblenz) S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Prussian city on the Rhine. Jews settled there between 1135 and 1159, and are first mentioned in the "Judenschreinsbuch" (Archives)
Gerson ben Isaac Moses Coblenz (JE | WP GWP G) French rabbi and author; born about 1717; died at Metz in the first half of the eighteenth century. He was
Cobo (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C840: Covo
Johannes Cocceius (Johannes Koch) S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) German theologian and Hebraist; born at Bremen 1603; died at Leyden Nov. 5, 1669. He was appointed professor of Hebrew
Joseph ben Abraham Cochabi (JE | WP GWP G) -- See K336: Kokabi, Joseph ben Abraham
Cochin Jews S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) State of India, within the Madras Presidency. The Jews in Cochin numbered 1,142 in 1891, and are divided into two
Cock S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The male of the domestic fowl. The original habitat of the domestic fowl is generally supposed to be India, whence
Cockatrice S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B392: Basilisk

561 – 580

Codes S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See L107: Laws, Codification of
Codicil S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W188: Will
Coele-Syria S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The name, occurring in the Greek apocryphal writings, of a Persian province lying between Egypt and the Euphrates. In old
Coen (JE | WP GWP G) Physician-in-ordinary at the court of Prince Vassile Lupu, hospodar of Moldavia from 1634 to 1654. The dates of his birth
Achille Coen (JE | WP GWP G) Italian soldier; born at Leghorn in 1851. He studied at the military academy of his native town, and was appointed
Benjamin Vitale Coen [he] (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi; born at Alessandria della Paglia in the second half of the seventeenth century; died at Reggio nell' Emilia
Giuseppe Coen [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) Italian painter; born in Ferrara 1811; died in Venice Jan. 26, 1856. He was descended from an old and distinguished
Graziadio Vita Anania Coen (JE | WP GWP G) Italian, rabbi and scholar; born at Reggio nell' Emilia about 1750: died March 28, 1834. He studied under Sansone Naḥmani
Jacob Coen (JE | WP GWP G) Eldest son of Abraham Coen, and receiver-general ("contador mayor") of Count Maurice of Nassau, Stadtholder of the United Provinces of
Jan Pieterszoon Coen S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Governor-general of Java, and founder of the Dutch colonial system; born at Hoorn, Holland, Jan. 8, 1587; died in 1629.
Josef di Michele Coen (JE | WP GWP G) One of the Jewish boys of Rome baptized under Pope Pius IX.; born 1854. In 1864 he was apprenticed to
Moses Vita Coen (JE | WP GWP G) Banker at Ferrara, Italy, in the eighteenth century. He often transacted business with Pope Clement XIII. and with his successor,
Raffaelo del Fu Vitale Coen (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian physician; born at Spalato, Dalmatia, Jan. 19, 1839. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town and
Coen-Cantarini (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C99: Cantarini
Coffee S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) A decoction of the berry of the Coffea Arabica, supposed to be indigenous to Abyssinia, and introduced into Arabia in
Coffin S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The custom of using coffins is probably borrowed from the Egyptians. It is recorded of Joseph that he was "put
Cohen S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) The most usual surnames of European Jews. It indicates a family claiming. descent from Aaron, the high priest. "Cohen" is
Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) A Baltimore family, originally from Bavaria, which has occupied an important place in the Jewish community and in municipal life
Abner Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) The pioneer of Krugersdorp, Transvaal Colony; born about 1860; emigrated to South Africa in 1881; worked his way north, and
Abraham Cohen (editor) (JE | WP GWP G) (1887-1957); editor of Soncino Books of the Bible and participated in the Soncino translation of the Talmud and Midrash.

581 – 600

Abraham Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Assistant rabbi in Tunis; died 1840 at Safed, whither he had made a pilgrimage in his old age. He was
Abraham Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Chief rabbi of Djerba, an island near Tunis; died in 1870. He was the author of a Hebrew poem, "Shir
Alfred J. Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) American dramatic critic; born May 14, 1861, at Birmingham, England, where he attended King Edward's School. Then followed three years'
Anne-Jean-Philippe-Louis Cohen de Vinkenhoff (JE | WP GWP G) French litterateur; born at Amersfort, in the Netherlands, Oct. 17, 1781; died in Paris April 6, 1848. Beginning as a
Aristide Félix Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) French author; born at Marseilles Dec. 31, 1831; died in Paris Feb. 17, 1896; brother of the composer Jules Cohen.
Arthur Cohen JE S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) English barrister and king's counsel; born in London Nov. 18, 1830. After three years' study at the gymnasium in Frankfort-on-the-Main,
Benjamin Louis Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) British politician and communal worker; member of Parliament for East Islington since 1892; born in London in 1844; son of
Benoit Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Philanthropist; born 1798 in Amsterdam; died in Paris July 15, 1856. He went to Paris as a young man, and
David Cohen S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi (1902) of the island of Djerba, near Tunis. He is the author of the following Hebrew works: "Shire David"
David de Lara Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C590: Lara, David Cohen de
Edward Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Australian statesman; born in London 1822; died March, 1877. He received his early education in Australia, and entered into business
Elias Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish physician; born in 1844. He belongs to a family many members of which have been distinguished in medicine. His
Ellen Gertrude Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) English painter; studied at the Slade and Royal Academy schools, London, and in Paris under Constant and Laurens; first exhibited
Emil Wilhelm Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) German mineralogist; born at Aakjaer, near Horsens, Jutland, Oct. 12, 1842. He studied at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin,
Francis Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P36: Palgrave, Francis
Francis Lyon Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) English rabbi, author, and expert on Hebrew music; born at Aldershot Nov. 14, 1862, and educated at Jews' College and
Halifa Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Tunisian rabbi residing (1902) at Djerba. He is the author of two Hebrew works: "Sifte Renanot" (Joyful Lips), a commentary
Chayyim Cohen (Hayyim Cohen) (JE | WP GWP G) Tunisian rabbi; lived in the second half of the nineteenth century, on the island of Djerba, near Tunis. He is
Henri Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) French composer and numismatist; born at Amsterdam 1805; died at Bry-sur-Marne May 17, 1880. Cohen's parents went to France in
Henry Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) American rabbi; born in London April 7, 1863. He was educated in London, and when only eighteen traveled in Africa

601 to 700

601 – 620

Henry Emanuel Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Judge of the supreme court of New South Wales; born at PortMacquarie Dec., 1840. After receiving an ordinary education he
Hermann Cohen S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) German philosopher; born in Coswig, Anhalt, Germany, July 4, 1842. He early began to study philosophy, and soon became known
Isaac Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) English theatrical manager; born about 1835. He is one of the oldest of the London managers, having, first on the
Jacob Raphael Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) American ḥazzan; believed to have been born in the Barbary States; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept., 1811. Cohen lived in
Jacob da Silva Solis Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Amerrican laryngologist; born in New York city Feb. 28, 1838. He was educated at the Central High School of Philadelphia,
Joseph Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) French journalist; born at Marseilles Nov. 1, 1817; died in Paris 1899. After finishing his studies at Aix, he was
Josiah Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer and judge; born at Plymouth, England, Nov. 29, 1841, of a family long settled in Cornwall. He is
Judah ben Isaac ben Moses Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Provençal philosopher of the middle of the fourteenth century. He was a disciple of Samuel of Marseilles, and a relative
Jules Emile David Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) French composer; born at Marseilles Nov. 2, 1830; died in Paris Jan., 1901; studied at the Paris Conservatoire, under Zimmerman,
J. I. de Lissa Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Mauritius journalist; died May 31, 1879, at Curepipe. He was connected for nearly twenty years with journalism, and was editor
Katherine M. Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) American sculptor and painter; born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 18, 1859. She early evinced a taste for art, especially for
Léonce Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) French musician; born at Paris Feb. 12, 1829; died 1884. He studied at the Conservatory of Paris under Leborne. In
Levi A. Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Journalist and champion of the Jews of Tangier; born at Mogador in 1844; died at Tangier Nov. 9, 1888. He
Levi Ali Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch physician and medical author; born Oct. 6, 1817, at Meppel, province of Drenthe, Holland; died Nov. 22, 1889, at
Levy Barent Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) English financier and communal worker; born at Amsterdam 1740; died in England 1808; son of Barent Cohen, a wealthy merchant
Lionel Louis Cohen JE (JE | WP GWP G) English financier, politician, and communal worker; born in London 1832; died there June 26, 1887; son of Louis Cohen, founder
Louis Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) English communal worker; born in London Sept., 1799; died there March 15, 1882. For two generations Cohen was a commanding
Louis S. Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Lord mayor of Liverpool in 1899; born at Sydney, New South Wales, in 1846; son of Samuel Cohen, who represented
Menahem Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Chief rabbi of Serres, European Turkey, in 1862; was in office for twenty years; died a nonagenarian in Jerusalem. He was summoned to Constantinople by...
Michel Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch soldier; born Nov. 27, 1877, in Goes, province of Zeeland, Holland. After a common-school education at his native place,

621 – 640

Moses Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Bulgarian journalist; born at Shumla, Bulgaria, in 1864. He published in French "Petite Histoire des Israélites," Philippopolis, 1897, a text-book
Moses ben Eliezer Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Moralist; lived in Germany, probably at Coblenz, in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was the author of
Nahum Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Russian journalist; born in 1863; died at Yekaterinoslav Jan. 27, 1893. His ghetto story, "V Glukhom Myestechkye" (In a Dull
Naphtali Cohen JE S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) Russo-German rabbi and cabalist; born in 1649 at Ostrowo in the Ukraine; died at Constantinople Dec. 20, 1718. He belonged
Raphael Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) -- See R109: Raphael Ben Jekuthiel ha-Kohen
Shabbethai Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S525: Shabbethai Ben MeÏr ha-Kohen
Saul Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) African rabbi; born in Djerba, North Africa, in 1772; died there April, 1848. Although blind and very poor, he was
Shalom ben Jacob Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) Polish Hebraist; born at Meseritz (Mezhiryechye), Poland, Dec. 23, 1772; died at Hamburg Feb. 20, 1845. Prompted by a love
Solomon ben Eliezer Lipmann Cohen of Lissa (JE | WP GWP G) German scholar; lived at Posen at the end of the eighteenth century and at the beginning of the nineteenth. He
Solomon da Silva Solis Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) American physician; born at Philadelphia, Pa., Sept., 1857. Educated in the public schools, he graduated from the Central High School
Uri ben Eliezer Liebermann Cohen (JE | WP GWP G) French Talmudist; died May, 1806, at an advanced age in his native city, Metz. His father was a member of
David Cohen-Carlos (JE | WP GWP G) A writer resident in Hamburg in the seventeenth century. In 1631 he either translated the Song of Songs into Spanish
Ephraim Cohen-Lipschütz (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi and author of the second half of the seventeenth century. He was one of the rabbis at Modena,
Judah ben Abraham Cohen-Tanugi (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi and writer; died at Tunis about 1835, at an advanced age. He is the author of two Hebrew works,
Abraham Cohen Yitzaqi (Abraham Cohen-Yizaki) (JE | WP GWP G) Tunisian rabbi and writer; born at Tunis; died there in 1864. He is the author of the following Hebrew works,
Adolphe Cohn JE S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) American philologist; born at Paris May 29, 1851. He was graduated "bachelier ès lettres" from the University of Paris in
Albert Cohn JE (JE | WP GWP G) French philanthropist and scholar; born in Presburg, Hungary, Sept. 14, 1814; died at Paris March 15, 1877. He belonged to
Bernard Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born March 30, 1827, at Breslau; died there June 16, 1864. He was educated at the gymnasium and
Emil Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German physicist; born at Neu-Strelitz Sept. 28, 1854; studied at the University of Strasburg, whence he was graduated as Ph.D.
Falk Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Dessau Sept. 18, 1833; died at Bonn March 6, 1901. The son of a rabbi and

641 – 660

Ferdinand Julius Cohn S 2007-03-04 (JE | WP GWP G) German botanist and zoologist; born in Breslau Jan. 24, 1828; died there June 25, 1898; eldest son of Isaac Cohn,
Georg Ludwig Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German jurist; born Sept. 19, 1845, at Breslau, Germany. He was honorary professor in German civil and commercial law at
Gustav Cohn JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) German economist; born Sept. 12, 1840, at Marienwerder, West Prussia. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Jena. During
Hermann L. Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German ophthalmologist; born at Breslau June 4, 1838. After graduating from the gymnasium of his native town he studied chemistry
Lassar Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German chemist; born at Hamburg Sept. 6, 1858. After attending the gymnasium at Königsberg, he studied chemistry at different universities,
Léon Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) French statesman; born in Paris March 11, 1849; second son of Albert Cohn. His early training was received at the
Leopold Cohn JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) German author and philologist; born Jan. 14, 1856, at Zempelburg, province of West Prussia. He received his education at the
Ludwig Adolf Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German historian; born in Breslau May 22, 1834; died in Göttingen Jan. 13, 1871. He belonged to a prominent family
Martin Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M389: Mels, A.
Meshullam Solomon Cohn (Meshullam Solomon Kohn) (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born about 1739; died at Fürth Dec. 17, 1819. After having spent a few years in the yeshibot
Moritz Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian writer; born at Kreuzburg, Silesia, Jan. 8, 1844. Educated at the high school of Brieg, he began life as
Oskar Justinus Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German writer; born at Breslau Feb. 21, 1839; died at Bad Nauheim Aug. 6, 1893. Educated for a mercantile career,
Rudolf Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German physiologist; born at Schneidemühl, Posen, Germany, April 23, 1862. He received his education at the Kneiphöf'sche Gymnasium and at
Samuel Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German political economist; born at Bromberg 1862; died in Berlin July 30, 1900. He attended the Joachimsthal-Gymnasium, and studied philology
Solomon Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born at Zülz, Prussian Silesia, March 24, 1822; died in Breslau Sept. 22, 1902. He was a grandson
Tobias Cohn JE S 2007-03-06 >> Ma'aseh Toviyyah JE (JE | WP GWP G) Polish physician; born at Metz, Germany, 1652; died at Jerusalem 1729. His grandfather was the physician Eleazar Kohn, who emigrated
Tobias Cohn UNR ours is about another Tobis Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi and writer; born at Hammerstein, West Prussia, Feb. 2, 1826. After graduating from the normal school, he conducted
Toby Cohn (JE | WP GWP G) German physician and medical author; born at Breslau Dec. 26, 1866. Cohn was educated at the Elisabeth gymnasium of his
Adalbert Dorotheus Solomon Cohnfeld [Wikidata] (JE | WP GWP G) German author; born in Pyritz, Pomerania, Aug. 3, 1809; died in Berlin Jan. 20, 1868. He lived in Ḅreslau during
Julius Cohnheim JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) German pathologist; born at Demmin, Pomerania, July 20, 1839; died in Leipsic Aug. 15, 1884. He studied at the universities

661 – 680

Paul Cohnheim (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born at Labes, in Pomerania, Dec. 2, 1867. He was educated at the gymnasium at Stettin and the
Isidor Cohnstein (JE | WP GWP G) German gynecologist; born at Gnesen, province of Posen, Prussia, Aug. 1, 1841; died at Charlottenburg, near Berlin, July 25, 1894.
Coimbra S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) City of Portugal, capital of the province of Beira, in which there was formerly a "Juderia," or Jewish quarter, now
Coin-Makers (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M645: Minters.
Coins, Coinage S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See N368: Numismatics
Colchester (JE | WP GWP G) County town of Essex, England. Jews are first mentioned as living in Colchester in 1185, and it is probable that
John William Colenso S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Bishop of Natal and English Biblical critic; born at St. Austell, Cornwall, Jan. 24, 1814; died Jan. 20, 1883. He
Collar S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A rendering in Judges viii. 26 of the Hebrew word V04p164001.jpg. In the other passage (Isa. iii. 19) in which
Rabbinical Colleges (JE | WP GWP G) See Seminaries, Rabbinical.
Charlotte Collins (JE | WP GWP G) Anglo-American actress; born in London, England, about 1865. She began her stage career at the age of five, when she
Colmar (JE | WP GWP G) Chief town of Upper Alsace, Germany, on the Lauch and the Fecht. At the beginning of the thirteenth century Colmar
Abraham Cologna (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A413: Abraham de Cologna
Cologne >> History of the Jews in Cologne (JE | WP GWP G) City of Rhenish Prussia. There are indications that a Jewish community existed here long before Christianity had become dominant.
Colombia >> History of the Jews in Colombia (JE | WP GWP G) -- See U33: United States of Colombia
Colon S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P48: Panama
Joseph ben Solomon Colon JE (JE | WP GWP G) The foremost Talmudist of Italy in the second half of the fifteenth century; born probably at Chambéry, Savoy, about 1420;
Colonial Jewish Monthly (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Jules Edouard Colonne (JE | WP GWP G) French musician; born at Bordeaux July 23, 1838. He studied at the Paris Conservatory, where he was awarded the first
Colophon (JE | WP GWP G) An inscription or device placed at the end of books, generally with the intention of showing the title, the writer's
Color (JE | WP GWP G) It is noteworthy that Biblical Hebrew contains no term to express that property of light known as color. When a

681 – 700

Colorado >> History of the Jews in Colorado (JE | WP GWP G) One of the United States of North America; bounded on the north by Wyoming and Nebraska; east by Nebraska and
Abraham Colorni (Abraham Colorno) (JE | WP GWP G) Italian engineer; born at Mantua about 1530. His great skill in his profession caused him to be much sought after,
Malachi Colorni (JE | WP GWP G) Italian author; lived at Modena in the eighteenth century. He wrote a guide to letter-writing, "Megillat Sefer," still extant in
Christopher Columbus and the Jews (JE | WP GWP G) According to his own statement, Columbus had constant intercourse with Jews and Moors, with priests and laymen. He had personal
Columbus, Georgia >> History of the Jews in Columbus, Georgia (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G149: Georgia
Columbus, Ohio >> History of the Jews in Columbus, Ohio (JE | WP GWP G) -- See O37: Ohio
Comets S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A2052: Astronomy
Commandment ours redirects to 10 commandments (JE | WP GWP G) The rendering in the English Bible versions of the Hebrew V04p180001.jpg, which, in its technical sense, is used in the
613 Commandments (613 Mitzvot) (JE | WP GWP G) That the law of Moses contains 613 commandments is stated by R. Simlai, a Palestinian haggadist, who says (Mak. 23b):
Ten Commandments S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See D192: Decalogue
Commentaries on the Bible ours discusses only Christian commentaries (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1029: Bible Exegesis
Commentaries on the Talmud (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C692: Talmud, Commentaries to the
Commerce (JE | WP GWP G) Sale or exchange of goods, generally on a large scale. During the Biblical period the Hebrews in Palestine had what
Commercial Law (JE | WP GWP G) According to Jewish law persons legally capable of entering into any form of contract are legally capable of making commercial
Commission (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1502: Brokers
Organization of Jewish communities (JE | WP GWP G) At the beginning of the common era there were Jewish communities at Alexandria, Rome, Salamis, Corinth, Athens, Delos, etc.; at
Commutation of sentence S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See J691: Judgment
Como S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) City on the Italian lake of the same name. Como never possessed a Jewish community, although a single Jewish family,
Compassion S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Sorrow and pity for one in distress, creating a desire to relieve, a feeling ascribed alike to man and God;
Compensation S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) See Fees, Legal.

701 to 800

701 – 720

Ludwig Compiégne de Weil (JE | WP GWP G) Convert to Christianity; lived at Paris, later at Metz, in the second half of the seventeenth century. He was a
Comprat Vidal Ferussol (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F49: Farissol, Jacob Ben Ḥayyim Comprat Vidal
Mordecai ben Eliezer Comtino JE (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish Talmudist and scientist; lived at Adrianople and Constantinople; died in the latter city between 1485 and 1490. The earliest
Conaniah (JE | WP GWP G) A Levite who in the reign of Hezekiah had charge of the offerings and tithes brought to the Temple. Associated
Abraham ben Solomon Conat JE (JE | WP GWP G) Italian printer, Talmudist, and physician: flourished at Mantua in the second half of the fifteenth century. He obtained the title
Joseph ben Gershon Concio (JE | WP GWP G) Italian author; lived at Asti and Chieri in the beginning of the seventeenth century. He published several Hebrew poems, including:
Concordance (JE | WP GWP G) An alphabetical list of all the words in a book, with references to the passages where each word is found.
Concubinage S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P313: Pilegesh
Conditions S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Qualifications or limitations annexed to an agreement by which it may be continued, altered, or rendered of no effect upon
Condom, France S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) County seat in the department of Gers, France. Jews were found there at the beginning of the fourteenth century. In
Conduits S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1673: Aqueducts in Palestine
Conegliano ours is about an Italian city (JE | WP GWP G) A prominent Jewish family of northern Italy. The spelling "Conian," according to Kaufmann, is a misreading of the Hebrew V04p209003.jpg.
Immanuel Conegliano (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P431: Ponte, Lorenzo Da
Coney S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A small herbivorous animal (Hyrax Syriacus or Hyrax Daman) mentioned in the Bible. "Coney" is the traditional rendering of the
Rabbinical Conferences >> Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick JE (JE | WP GWP G) Assemblies of rabbis to determine common courses of action or common principles of faith. Rabbinical conferences are a late phenomenon
Confession of sin (JE | WP GWP G) The Scriptures repeatedly prescribe confession of sin as a means to expiation and atonement. "It shall be that when he
Confirmation S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Solemn form of initiation of the Jewish youth into their ancestral faith. The rite is mentioned officially for the first
Confiscation and Forfeiture S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Appropriation of private property to the public use or treasury. Confiscation of the property of peaceable aliens in Palestine who
Confiscation of Hebrew books (JE | WP GWP G) The first known decree directed against Hebrew literature is one of the emperor Justinian (553) forbidding the Jews to use
Conflict of laws S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A disagreement between the laws of two states with reference to litigation affecting private rights claimed to be subject to

721 – 740

Conflict of opinion (JE | WP GWP G) Rarely did an opinion expressed by one of the rabbis of the Talmud pass unchallenged. In questions involving logical reasoning,
Conflict of passages (JE | WP GWP G) -- See H627: Hermeneutics
David Conforte (or Conforti) JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Hebrew literary historian; born in Salonica about 1618; died about 1685. Conforte came of a family of scholars. His early
Congregation S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An assembly convoked for a certain time and purpose (V04p227001.jpg = ????????, I Kings viii. 65; Joel ii. 16;
Congress of Jewish Women (JE | WP GWP G) One of the denominational congresses of the World's Parliament of Religions, held at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Ill., 1893.
Carlo Conigliani (JE | WP GWP G) Italian jurist and political economist; born at Modena June 25, 1868; died there Dec. 6, 1901. After studying law at
Conitz S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See K355: Konitz
Conjunctive S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A717: Accents in Hebrew
Connecticut >> History of the Jews in Connecticut (JE | WP GWP G) One of the six New England States, and one of the thirteen original states of theUnion. The first mention of
Abraham ben Levi Conque JE (JE | WP GWP G) Cabalist; lived at Hebron, Palestine, in the second half of the seventeenth century. Swayed by his cabalistic studies, Conque threw
Joseph Conque (JE | WP GWP G) Nephew of Abraham ben Levi Conque; lived in Hebron, Palestine, during the seventeenth century. He was the teacher of Isaac
Conrad of Winterthur (JE | WP GWP G) Burgomaster of Strasburg during the Black Death, in 1348. Together with the councilors Goffe Sturm (Schöppe) and Peter Schwarber, he
Mase Conrat (JE | WP GWP G) Professor and writer on Roman law; born in Breslau Sept. 16, 1848. His original name was Cohn, which he exchanged
Consaguinity among Jews (JE | WP GWP G) Owing to their dispersion among populations professing creed different from their own, Jews have married ear relatives more frequently than
Consecration our is missing Judaism meaning (JE | WP GWP G) The solemn setting apart of a person or thing to a special use or purpose. According to Fleischer (Levy, "Neuhebr.
Consent S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A voluntary yielding of the will, judgment, or inclination to what is proposed or desired by another. A rational and
Consistory JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An ecclesiastical court; in Jewish usage, a body governing the Jewish congregations of a province or of a country; also
Consolation our article is about Dutch band :) (JE | WP GWP G) Comfort; alleviation of sorrow (V04p233001.jpg); relief from grief (from V04p233002.jpg, meaning in pi'el form "to remove grief"); words of sympathy
Benjamin Consolo (JE | WP GWP G) Italian Hebraist; born at Ancona in 1806; died at Florence in 1887. He received his elementary instruction from Rabbi David
Federico Consolo JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Italian violin virtuoso, composer, and scholar; born at Ancona in 1841. After studying the violin with Giorgetti in Florence and

741 – 760

Consonants in Hebrew S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See H485: Hebrew Language
Lake of Constance, Switzerland (JE | WP GWP G) Region in the northeastern part of Switzerland. Of the Jewish communities designated as belonging to the district of the Lake
Constantine I S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Roman emperor; born Feb. 27, 274; died May 22, 337; proclaimed emperor by the army in Gaul on the death
Constantine, Algeria S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) City in Algeria; capital of the department of the same name. In ancient times it was the capital of Numidia.
Abraham Constantinis (JE | WP GWP G) Greek manufacturer, and president ("proëdros") of the Jewish community of Athens, Greece. He was born at Zante in 1865. After
Constantinople >> History of the Jews in Constantinople (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the Ottoman empire, situated on the Bosporus; the "Byzantium" of the ancients. The earliest official document hitherto discovered
Constantinov, Volhynia (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S1043: Staro-Konstantinov
Constanza S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Rumanian town in the province of Dobrudja. During the Russo-Turkish campaign of 1828 some Jewish purveyors came with the Russian
Constellations S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Clusters of stars. The number of constellations named in the Biblical writings is small. In view of the extensive astronomical
Constitution S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G396: Government
Consumption (Tuberculosis) S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An infectious disease, due to the entrance of the tubercle bacillus into the body. The question of the relative
Contempt of court S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Disrespectful demeanor before, or disobedience of, a public authority. Courts of justice must be treated with respect, and their orders
Contract S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) In law a formal agreement recognized as constituting an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Both
Contros (JE | WP GWP G) -- See K357: ḲonṬres
Controversial literature S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P402: Polemics and Polemical Literature
Conversion to Christianity S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Conversion is the Biblical term for the turning of the sinner from his evil ways to God (V04p249002.jpg). "Sinners shall
Conversion to Islam S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1654: Apostasy and Apostates from Judaism
Conversion to Judaism S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P556: Proselyte and Proselytism
Modern converts to Christianity (JE | WP GWP G) : The number of post-Mendelssohnian Jews who abandoned their ancestral faith is very large. According to Heman in Herzog-Hauck, "Real-Encyc." (x.
Convicts S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C887: Crime

761 – 780

Cookery S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The preparation of the meal was in ancient times a very simple process. The principal articles of diet were bread
Cooking utensils S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Among the ancient Hebrews cooking was naturally entrusted to the women of the household (compare I Sam. viii. 13), as
Copenhagen >> History of the Jews in Copenhagen (JE | WP GWP G) The capital of Denmark. Shortly after the opening of Denmark in 1657 to settlement by Jews, a number are known
Coponius JE (JE | WP GWP G) First procurator of Judea, about 6 C.E. He was, like the procurators that succeeded him, of knightly rank, and "had
Copper S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The first common metal to come into use, as it is easily obtained and readily worked. Burial-places in which utensils,
Cor S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W81: Weights and Measures
Cor Ashan (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C473: Chor-Ashan
Coral S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A genus of polypus known to science as "coralligenous zoophytes"; also the hard structures secreted by these animals. The variety
Corbeil (JE | WP GWP G) City in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France. Jews were settled very early in Corbeil, occupying a special quarter, called the
Corcos (JE | WP GWP G) A family whose history can be traced back to the end of the thirteenth century, and members of which are
Cordova >> History of the Jews in Cordova (JE | WP GWP G) City in Andalusia, Spain. As early as the eighth century it included Jews among its inhabitants. They lived in
Isaac Hezekiah ben Jacob Cordova (JE | WP GWP G) Publisher in the latter part of the seventeenth and the first part of the eighteenth century; son of Jacob b.
Joshua Hezekiah de Cordova (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi and preacher in Amsterdam about the middle of the eighteenth century; author of "Sermam Moral que Neste K. K.
Aryeh Löb Cordovero (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Zamosz, Poland, at the end of the seventeenth century. He wrote a book called "Pene Aryeh Zuṭa" (The
Gedalyah ben Moses Cordovero (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudic scholar; lived at Safed in the sixteenth century. He was a son of the famous cabalist Moses Cordovero, a
Moses Cordovero S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M850: Moses Cordovero
Moses ben Jacob Cordovero S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See R208: Moses b. Jacob Cordovero
Coreo de Viena (JE | WP GWP G) Judæo-Spanish journal printed in rabbinic characters, published at Vienna since 1870. It was for some years under the editorship of
Corfu >> History of the Jews in Corfu (JE | WP GWP G) Most northerly of the Ionian Islands. The native Jews of Corfu fall into three distinct divisions of different origin (Greek,
Cori (Chore) S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Village of Campania, Italy, about thirty miles from Rome. There is a small Jewish community there, the origin of which

781 – 800

Coriander S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An umbelliferous plant with white blossoms, which is peculiar to the Mediterranean district (Coriandrum sativum). It is widely cultivated in
Coriat (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish family of Morocco. In 1812 there appeared at Pisa a Hebrew work, under the title "Zekut Abot," in which
David Chayyim Corinaldi (David Hayyim Corinaldi) (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi and author of the first half of the eighteenth century. He was a pupil of N. Pincherle, and
Corinth >> History of the Jews in Corinth (JE | WP GWP G) A city in ancient Argos, Greece, and the center of the cult of Aphrodite. Jews lived here, as in the
Cormorant S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The translation given in the Bible (Lev. xi. 17; Deut. xiv. 17) of the Hebrew word V04p274001.jpg. In these passages
Corn S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The seeds of cereal plants. (1) Barley ("se'orah"), which was and still is the most common grain of Palestine, is
Cornerstone S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Cornerstone (JE | WP GWP G) The laying of the corneror foundation-stone (V04p275001.jpg, or V04p275002.jpg) (Job xxxviii. 4-6; Ps. xviii. 15, xxiv. 2) of the earth
Cornwall S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Extreme southwest county of England; distinguished in early days by the tinmines which are said to have been visited by
Coro S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A town in Venezuela, five miles from its seaport, La Vela de Coro, on the Caribbean Sea. It had, in
Coronation Chair S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The so-called "Stone of Destiny," forming part of the coronation chair of the kings of England in Westminster Abbey, is
Nachman Nathan Coronel (Nahman Nathan Coronel) (JE | WP GWP G) Palestinian scholar of Sephardic-Ashkenazic parentage; born at Amsterdam 1810; died at Jerusalem Aug. 6, 1890. His teacher was R. Abraham
Paul Nuñez Coronel (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish Orientalist; born at Segovia; died Sept. 30, 1534. Though baptized before the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in
Augustine Coronel-Chacon (JE | WP GWP G) Portuguese Jew and agent at the court of Charles II. of England; born in Beira, Portugal; died after 1665. After
Corporal Punishment S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Physical chastisement inflicted as legal punishment. Corporal punishment is one of the oldest forms of chastisement known to the law.
Corporation S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A combination of several persons, for certain purposes and under a common name, into one artificial body, which the law
Corpse S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A body of a dead human being polluted not only those that touched it, but also the dwelling, its inmates,
Isabella Correa (Isabella Rebecca Correa) (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish poetess of the seventeenth century; born in Spain; lived successively in Brussels, Antwerp, and Amsterdam; wife of the cosmographer
Corregal (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C198: Carregal
Cesare Correnti S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Italian statesman and author; born in Milan Jan. 3, 1815; died at Lesa, Novara, Oct. 4, 1888. He was one

801 to 900

801 – 820

Corriere Israelitico (JE | WP GWP G) Italian monthly magazine devoted to Jewish history and literature; founded at Triest in 1863 by Abrama Vito Morpurgo, who edited
Don Josée Cortissos (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish army contractor; born 1656; died in London 1742. He was fifth in direct descent from Emanuel José Cortissos, Marquis
Cos (JE | WP GWP G) See Kos.
Cosenza S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) City in southern Italy. Ferdinando Ughelli, in the ninth volume of his "Italia Sacra," reproduces two documents referring to the
Lewi Cosin (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi at Salonica, and later a preacher at Venice; born in 1573; died in 1625. He was the author of
Chayyim ben Naphtali Cöslin (Hayyim ben Naphtali Cöslin) (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudical scholar and Hebrew grammarian of Berlin; died at Stettin, Prussia, March 21, 1832. He wrote the following works: (1)
Cosmogony S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Theory concerning the origin ("begetting") of the world; the mythological or ante-scientific view, as preserved in the traditions, oral
Cossacks' uprising (JE | WP GWP G) Since the fifteenth century, semi-military bands of Cossacks have been scattered over the steppes of southern and southeastern Russia, and
Da Costa family pedigree (JE | WP GWP G) The family of Da Costa is probably identical with that of the Mendez da Costa. It has even been suggested
Andrea Mendes da Costa (JE | WP GWP G) Chamberlain of Queen Catherine of Bragança, wife of Charles II. of England; flourished about 1665. His position at court was
Anthony da Costa (Moses da Costa) JE (JE | WP GWP G) An opulent Jewish London merchant of the eighteenth century. He attained the position—unusual for a Jew in those days—of a .....
Benjamin Mendez da Costa (JE | WP GWP G) Bibliography: J. Picciotto, Sketches of Anglo-Jewish History, pp. 89, 95, 155.J. G. L.
Emanuel Mendez da Costa S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Librarian and fellow of the Royal Society of London, scientific writer, and fellow of the Antiquarian Society of London; born
Isaac da Costa JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch poet; born Jan. 14, 1798, at Amsterdam; died there April 28, 1860. His father, Daniel da Costa, a relative
Israele di Emanuele Costa (JE | WP GWP G) Italian rabbi; born 1819; died 1897. He succeeded Abraham Baruch Piperno as rabbi of Leghorn in 1864. Of his works
Joseph da Costa (JE | WP GWP G) Younger brother of Uriel Acosta or da Costa, to whom Manasseh Ben Israel dedicated his Spanish edition of the "Hope
Michael Costa S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Musical composer and conductor; born at Naples of a Sephardic family Feb. 4, 1810; died in Brighton April 29, 1884.
Solomon da Costa (JE | WP GWP G) Donor of Hebrew library to the British Museum; flourished about 1760. A broker by profession, he acquired a considerable fortune,
Costa Rica >> History of the Jews in Costa Rica (JE | WP GWP G) See San Juan.
Abraham Coster (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch anti-Jewish preacher; lived at Amsterdam in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Histoire der Joden," a history of the Jews

821 – 840

Costs S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The outlays made by suitors which are incident to the administration of justice. The question of costs is a twofold
Costume S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The general Hebrew designation for "costume" is "beged," applied indifferently to the garments of rich and poor, male and female.
Rodrigo Cota (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish poet; born at Toledo; died 1497. He came of a Marano family, three members of which—Francisco Cota, Lopez Cota,
Cottbus S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Important manufacturing city of Prussia. It includes about 500 Jews in a total population of 40,000 inhabitants. Jews lived here
Cotton S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) This word does not occur in the A. V., but express mention is made of the material in Esth. i.
Couch S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Structure on which to rest or sleep. The Hebrew term V04p303001.jpg, meaning "divan" as well as "bed," is synonymous with
Count Heinrich von Coudenhove (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian author, traveler, and diplomat; born in Vienna Oct. 12, 1859. Count Heinrich studied law at the University of Vienna;
Council of the Four Lands S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The central body of Jewish autonomy in Poland for nearly two centuries�from the middle of the sixteenth to that of
Council of Jewish Women (JE | WP GWP G) An organization which came into being as a result of the Congress of Jewish Women, one of the denominational congresses
Courage S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) That quality which enables one to encounter danger and difficulties with firmness, calmness, and intrepidity; Hebrew, V04p309001.jpg ("Be of good
Courland S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A government in the Baltic provinces of Russia, bounded on the west and north by the Baltic Sea; on the
Court Jews JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Court Jews, called also court factors, and court or chamber agents, played a part at the courts of the Austrian
Courtship S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M213: Marriage
Cousseri (Cousser) (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish family of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; lived in Riva di Trento and neighboring towns of northern Italy. The
Coutinho (Cuitiño) (JE | WP GWP G) Name of a Jewish-Portuguese family, members of which, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, resided in Amsterdam, Hamburg, Brazil, and
Fernando Coutinho (JE | WP GWP G) Defender of the Jews, councilor of the supreme court, and afterward Bishop of Silves, in the reigns of Manuel and
Covenant (JE | WP GWP G) An agreement between two contracting parties, originally sealed with blood; a bond, or a law; a permanent religious dispensation. The
Covetousness S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The inordinate desire to possess that to which one is not entitled, or that which belongs to another. Its prohibition
Covilhão (JE | WP GWP G) City in the province of Beira, Portugal, which in the thirteenth century had a Jewish congregation and was the seat
Covo (JE | WP GWP G) Name of a Jewish family of Salonica, Turkey, a branch of which lives at Widdin, Bulgaria. As the name indicates,

841 – 860

Phineas Cowan (JE | WP GWP G) English merchant, volunteer officer, and alderman; born at Chatham 1832; died at Buxton Oct. 22, 1899. From the first he
Frederic Hymen Cowen S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) English conductor and composer; born at Kingston, Jamaica, Jan 29, 1852; at the age of four he was taken to
Israel Cowen (JE | WP GWP G) American lawyer and jurist; son of Bennett and Bertha Cowen; born in Houston, Texas, Dec. 12, 1861; received his early
Laurence Cowen (JE | WP GWP G) Journalist and politician; born in 1865 at Hull. For some years he lived at Newcastle-on-Tyne, where his father, E. Cohen,
Lionel Cowen (JE | WP GWP G) Painter; born 1846; died Aug., 1895; brother of Frederic H. Cowen, the composer. Cowen, a painter of considerable ability, was
Philip Cowen (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish publisher and communal worker; born in New York city in 1853; educated in the public schools; was one of
Cozbi S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A Midianitish woman, daughter of Zur, the leader of a tribe. She was put to death along with the Israelite
Cracow >> History of the Jews in Kraków (History of the Jews in Cracow) (JE | WP GWP G) A city of Galicia, Austria, formerly the capital of the kingdom of Poland; founded about 700 C.E. There are no
Yiddish Cradle Songs (JE | WP GWP G) Songs written as lullabies; these exist in great variety and profusion among the Jews speaking Judæo-German or Yiddish, and among
Crajova (JE | WP GWP G) Chief town of the district of Dolschi; ancient capital of the Banat of Oltenie, Lower Wallachia. It may be assumed
Crane (bird) S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A rendering, in the A. V., of the Hebrew word V04p333001.jpg or V04p333002.jpg, which in the R. V. is more
Craniometry S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The methods of measuring skulls for the purpose of determining certain topographical relations, the most important measurement of the skull
Creation S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The bringing into existence of the world by the act of God. Most Jewish philosophers find in V04p336001.jpg (Gen. i.
Book of Creation (Sefer Yetzirah) (JE | WP GWP G) -- See Y40: YeẒirah, Sefer
Era of Creation (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E438: Era
Creature S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A loose rendering in the A. V. of:1. "Nefesh" ("a breathing thing"; Gen. i. 20 et seq., ii. 19, ix.
Creed S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1832: Articles of Faith
Creeping things (JE | WP GWP G) A loose expression used in the A. V. as the equivalent of V04p341003.jpg and V04p341004.jpg. V04p341005.jpg ("remes" = creeping—that is,
Crefeld S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See K404: Krefeld
Alexandre ben Baruch Créhange (JE | WP GWP G) French Hebraist; born at Etain, in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, 1791; died in Paris Jan. 7, 1872. He acted as

861 – 880

Michael Creizenach JE (JE | WP GWP G) German educator and theologian; born in Mayence May 16, 1789; died in Frankfort-on-the-Main Aug. 5, 1842. Creizenach is one of
Theodor Creizenach JE (JE | WP GWP G) German poet and historian of literature; son of Michael Creizenach; born April 17, 1818, in Mayence; died Dec. 6, 1877,
Cremation S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The act of burning the dead. Cremation was not the prevailing custom among the ancient Hebrews, as it was among
Crémieu JE (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the ancient province of Dauphiné, France. As early as the fifteenth century it had an important Jewish community.
André Crémieu-Foa (JE | WP GWP G) An officer in the French cavalry; born in Paris Jan. 20, 1857; died at Porto Novo, North Africa, Nov., 1892.
Crémieux (colony) (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A909: Agricultural Colonies in the United States
Gaston Crémieux (JE | WP GWP G) French socialist and writer; born at Nîmes June 22, 1836; died at Marseilles Dec. 1, 1871. He entered upon an
Hananeel Crémieux (JE | WP GWP G) French Hebraist and judge; born 1800; died 1878; son of Mordecai Crémieux. He was a Talmudic scholar, and was teacher
Hector Jonathan Crémieux (JE | WP GWP G) French dramatist; born at Paris Nov. 10, 1828; died there in 1892; of the same family as Isaac Adolphe Crémieux.
Isaac Adolphe Crémieux S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) French statesman; born at Nîmes April 22, 1796; died in Paris Feb. 9, 1880. He was educated at the Lycée
Mordecai ben Abraham Crémieux (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi at Aix, Provence; born at Carpentras in 1749; died May 22, 1825. He was the author of "Ma'amar Mordekai"
Moses ben Solomon Crémieux (JE | WP GWP G) Scholar; born at Carpentras, France, in 1766; died May 4, 1837. He was a nephew and son-in-law of Mordecai Crémieux.
Cremona S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Italian city in the plain of Lombardy; capital of the province of Cremona. The beginnings of the Jewish community in
Abiathar ibn Crescas ha-Kohen (JE | WP GWP G) Physician in ordinary to King Juan II. of Aragon (1458-79); skilful oculist and learned astrologer. In Sept., 1468, he freed
Astruc don Crescas (JE | WP GWP G) Provençal scholar; lived probably at Perpignan, in the fourteenth century. Samuel, son of Solomon Shalom of Perpignan (compare Azulai, "Shem
Chasdai ben Abraham Crescas (Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas) >> Or Adonai JE (JE | WP GWP G) Religious philosopher; born in Barcelona, Spain, 1340; died 1410. He was of an illustrious and learned family, in "Ḳore ha-Dorot"
Mordecai en Crescas of Orange (JE | WP GWP G) Prominent member of the community of Carcassonne, France; lived in the second half of the thirteenth century. As leader (syndic)
Vidal Crescas de Caslar (JE | WP GWP G) Physician and liturgical poet of Avignon; member of the Yiẓhari family of that place. In 1327 Crescas translated into Hebrew
Vidal Crescas of Perpignan (JE | WP GWP G) French Talmudist; flourished in the first half of the fourteenth century. He was probably a native of Spain, going to
Julius Bernhard Crescenz (JE | WP GWP G) Anti-Jewish writer in Germany at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He wrote "De Judæorum Privilegiis," Darmstadt, 1604-12; "Geistliches Bedenken,

881 – 900

Alexander Crescenzi (JE | WP GWP G) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived at Rome in the seventeenth century. In 1666 he translated from the Spanish into Italian
Elias Crespin (JE | WP GWP G) Rumanian rabbi, teacher, and journalist; born about 1850 at Eskee Sara, eastern Rumelia; he fled to Rumania after the Turco-Russian
Samuel Crespin (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish rabbinical author; lived at Smyrna in the first half of the nineteenth century; son of Joshua Abraham Crespin, grand
Cresques lo Juheu (JE | WP GWP G) Chartographer who flourished at Majorca and Barcelona at the end of the fourteenth century. Prince Juan of Aragon sent to
Warder Cresson JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Religious enthusiast, and convert to Judaism. Born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 13, 1798; died in Jerusalem, Palestine, Nov. 6, 1860.
Crete >> History of the Jews in Crete (JE | WP GWP G) Island in the Mediterranean, about 55 miles south of the Morea. Jews had settled there long before the Christian era
Crime S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An act forbidden by human law and punished by human authority, in contrast to sinful acts which are thought to
Crimea >> History of the Jews in the Crimea (JE | WP GWP G) Peninsula of southern Russia, on the northern shore of the Black Sea. It was formerly known as Krim-Tartary, and
Criminal Procedure S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The method indicated by law for the apprehension, trial, and for fixing the punishment of those persons who have broken
Criminality S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The average tendency to commit crime. The critics of the Jews have always contended that the general standard of morality
Isaac bin Crispin (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish moralist and poet; lived at the beginning of the twelfth century. Judah al-Ḥarizi praises him among the renowned poets
Crispus (JE | WP GWP G) The ruler of the synagogue at Corinth, who became a Christian, with all his house, through the preaching of Paul
Croatia >> History of the Jews in Croatia S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Southwestern part of the Hungarian crown provinces; consists of Croatia, Slavonia, and the Military Frontier, included since 1868. The earliest
Crocodile S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) This well-known amphibious reptile (Crocodilus vulgaris or niloticus) is not mentioned by a specific Hebrew name in the Bible. There
Oliver Cromwell S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The Whitehall Conference.The first question which arose for consideration was whether there existed any law forbidding the readmission of the
Benjamin ben Solomon Croneburg (JE | WP GWP G) German publicist; lived at Neuwied, Prussia, in the eighteenth century. In 1758 he founded at Neuwied the Jewish periodical "Der
Cronica Israelitica (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Joseph Crool (JE | WP GWP G) Teacher and controversialist; flourished in England about 1838. He gave lessons in Hebrew to a few students in the University
Cross S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The stake (??????? = V04p368001.jpg or V04p368002.jpg) used by the Romans at crucifixion. This was so familiar to the Jews
Cross-examination S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E530: Evidence

901 to 1000

901 – 920

Crown S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The translation employed for five distinct Hebrew words in the Bible. It renders, first, "zer," a technical term used frequently
Crown of the Law (JE | WP GWP G) A coronet, usually made of gilded silver, with bells, bearing the Hebrew inscription V04p372001.jpg. It is placed upon the upper
Crowns of the Righteous (JE | WP GWP G) The future bliss of the righteous is described by Rab in Ber. 17b: "There is neither eating and drinking nor
Stefan Cruceanu (JE | WP GWP G) Rumanian author; born at Jassy April 25, 1868. On receiving his bachelor's degree in 1889 he entered the University of
Crucifixion S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The act of putting to death by nailing or binding to a cross. Among the modes of Capital Punishment known
Cruelty S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The disposition to inflict pain and to gloat over suffering. Widely prevalent among, if not characteristic of, savages and barbarians,
Cruelty to animals S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The Bible contains no comprehensive principle regarding the rightsof animals. In the Biblical account of creation man is made sole
Crusades S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Expeditions from western Europe to recover Jerusalem and the holy sepulcher from the control of the infidel. The undisciplined mobs
Crypto-Jews JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Jews professing another religion but practising Jewish rites in secret in their own homes. There was some tendency toward this
Crystal S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See G259: Glass
Karl Csemegi (JE | WP GWP G) President of the Hungarian Supreme Court of Judicature; born in Csongrad May 3, 1826; died March 18, 1899. Csemegi received
Rosa Csillag JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian opera-singer; born about 1840. She attracted much attention in the chorus of the Hungarian National Theater at Budapest. Trained
Therese Csillag JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian actress; born at Duna-Adony May 17, 1862. For many years she was a popular comedienne at the National Theater
Cuba >> History of the Jews in Cuba (JE | WP GWP G) Island in the Atlantic Ocean, the largest of the West Indian groups. The relations of the Jews with the
Cubit S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W81: Weights and Measures
Cuckoo S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The A. V. rendering of V04p382001.jpg (sha?af) in Lev. xi. 16 and Deut. xiv. 15. In both places it occurs
Cucumber S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The rendering of the Hebrew V04p382002.jpg (Num. xi. 5). There are at least two kinds of cucumbers in Palestine (Hasselquist,
Cuenca S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) City in New Castile, Spain, which, after its conquest by Alfonso VII., possessed Jewish inhabitants. In the "fuero," or charter,
Jacob Culi JE S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudist and Biblical commentator of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; died at Constantinople Aug. 9, 1732. He belonged to an
Culturverein der Juden (JE | WP GWP G) -- See V55: Verein für Cultur und Wissenschaft der Juden

921 – 940

Ventidius Cumanus S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Roman procurator in Judea (48-52). According to Tacitus ("Annales," xii. 54), he divided the procuratorship with Felix; the latter being
Mordecai ben Eliezer Cumatiano (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C703: Comtino, Mordecai b. Eliezer
Richard Cumberland S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) English dramatist; born in the Master's Lodge, Trinity College, Cambridge, Feb. 19, 1732; died at Tunbridge Wells May 7, 1811.
Cumin S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The seed of the Cuminum Cyminum, an umbelliferous plant, which, coming originally from Mediterranean countries, spread to many parts of
Petrus Cunaeus (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch Christian and rabbinical scholar; born at Flushing 1586; died at Leyden Dec. 2, 1638. From 1617 until his death
Cuneiform Inscriptions (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A2047: Assyriology and the Old Testament
Cuneo S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the Italian province of the same name. According to local traditions, a Jewish community, founded probably after the
Cup S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The word most commonly used in the Old Testament for drinking-vessel is V04p384001.jpg (Gen. xl. 11, 13). V04p384002.jpg first occurs
Cup of Benediction (JE | WP GWP G) The cup of wine taken immediately after grace has been recited at the conclusion of a meal. The custom is
Cup of Salvation (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P199: Periodicals
Cupbearer (JE | WP GWP G) The officer who served the cup to the king. Like the Cup, the cupbearer is first mentioned in the Old
Curaçao S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An island of the Dutch West Indies, captured from Spain in 1634. It is probable that Jews from Holland were
Curiel (JE | WP GWP G) A wealthy Marano family which settled in the Netherlands and at Hamburg about the sixteenth century. They intermarried largely with
Jacob Curiel (JE | WP GWP G) Resident of the Portuguese court at Hamburg about the middle of the seventeenth century; died there in 1665. He had
Curse S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The expressions used for "cursing" it in the Bible are: (1) V04p389002.jpg; (2) V04p389003.jpg; (3) V04p389004.jpg (verb and noun) and
Curtain S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An adjustable drapery, usually hung before a window or passageway to insure privacy. In Ex. xxvi. and xxxvi., containing the
Nicolaus de Cusa (JE | WP GWP G) Philosopher and theologian; born in Cusa, or Kues, on the Moselle, 1401; died in Todi, Umbria, 1464. He was Bishop
Cush S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) A nation whose founder is mentioned in Gen. x. 6; I Chron. i. 8 as brother to Mizraim (Egypt) and
Custom S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) An old and general usage, or a religious practise, not based on any particular Biblical passage, and which has, through
Customs S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1469: Bridegroom of the Law

941 – 960

Cuthah JE (JE | WP GWP G) One of five cities from which Sargon, King of Assyria, brought settlers to take the places of the exiled Israelites
Cuttings S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) In Biblical usage, incisions or gashes in the flesh. The Law forbids the Israelites to make any cuttings in the
Sema Cuzzeri (JE | WP GWP G) Italian poet; resident at Padua. He witnessed the terrible attack on the ghetto of Padua on Aug. 20, 1684. He
Cymbals S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Musical instruments of percussion. The term is used in the A. V. in all passages except one (Zech. xiv. 20)
Cypress S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Generally, the tree known to botanists as Cupressus sempervirens, and common to southern Europe and western Asia. In modern Palestine
Cypros (JE | WP GWP G) Wife of King Agrippa I., daughter of Phasaelus and Salampsio, and granddaughter of Herod I. She had three daughters, Berenice,
Cypros (JE | WP GWP G) A woman of noble Arabian family; married about 75 B.C. the Jewish governor Antipater, to whom she bore five children,
Cyprus >> History of the Jews in Cyprus S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The large island in the easternmost basin of the Mediterranean, probably deriving its name from the Cyprus flower (??????), the
Cyrene (JE | WP GWP G) A large and important city in Cyrenaica, the district of Upper Libya on the north coast of Africa, west of
Cyril (JE | WP GWP G) Apostle of the Slavonians and author of the Slavonic alphabet (Cyrillitza), which is probably a modification of an older Slavonic
Cyrus S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) The founder of the Persian empire. The name is also found in India as "Kurus," and is evidently Aryan. The
Cyzicenus Antiochus (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A1594: Antiochus
Tadeusz Czacki JE (JE | WP GWP G) Polish statesman and author; born in Poryck, government of Volhynia, Russia, Aug. 28, 1765; died in Dubno, Volhynia, Feb. 8,
Stefan Czarniecki S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Polish general; born 1599; died at the village of Sokolovka, Volhynia, Feb. 12, 1664. Czarniecki distinguished himself in the wars
Czarnikau (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the district of Bromberg, province of Posen, Germany. The Jewish community of this town probably dates back to
Prince Adam Georg Czartoryski (JE | WP GWP G) Polish statesman and patriot; born in Warsaw Jan. 14, 1770; died in Montfermeil Castle, near Paris, July 15, 1861. After
Baruch Czatzkes (JE | WP GWP G) One of the Neo-Hebraic poets of the beginning of the nineteenth century; lived at Lutzk, Volhynia. Delitzsch ("Zur Gesch. der
Martin Czechowic JE (JE | WP GWP G) Polish Unitarian priest; born at Zbaszynie about 1530; died 1613. Czechowic lived at a time when religious restlessness was prevalent
Czenstochow (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C422: Chenstochov
Czernigov (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C431: Chernigov

961 – 980

Czernowitz S 2007-03-06 (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the province of Bukowina, Austria, situated near the banks of the Pruth, about 150 miles from Lemberg. Jews
Czestionev (JE | WP GWP G) Village in the government of Warsaw, Russian Poland. It is the seat of a Jewish agricultural college, which was completed
Jan Czynski (Jean Czynski) (JE | WP GWP G) Polish lawyer, author, and journalist; born June 20, 1801; died in London, England, Jan. 31, 1867. The son of Jewish

Directory of articles

A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 - C1 - C2 - D1 - D2 - E1 - E2 - F - G1 - G2 - H1 - H2 - H3 - I - J1 - J2 - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S1 - S2 - S3 - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z