Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/B4

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1501 to 1600

1501 – 1520

1. Broker (JE | WP GWP G) One who acts as middleman between seller and buyer, or makes it his business to bring buyer and seller together; also one...
2. Jew Brokers (JE | WP GWP G) A term used to indicate the Jewish merchants who had the right of trading at the Royal Exchange, London. The word "brokers"...
3. Bromberg (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P467: Posen
4. Brooch (JE | WP GWP G) A term which occurs in I. Mace. x. 89, xi. 58, xiv. 44, as the translation of the Greek πόρπη; Latin...
5. Brooklyn (JE | WP GWP G) -- See N248: New York
6. Brother (JE | WP GWP G) Son of the same father and mother (or of either), but principally son of the same father and mother (see Gen. xlii. 3, 4,...
7. Brotherhoods (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F355: Fraternities
8. Brother-in-law (JE | WP GWP G) -- See L293: Levirate
9. Brotherly Love (JE | WP GWP G) the love for one's fellow-man as a brother. The expression is taken from the Greek word Φιλα&#948...
10. Richard Brothers (JE | WP GWP G) English visionary and founder of Anglo Israelism; born Dec. 25, 1757, at Placentia, Newfoundland; died at London Jan. 25,...
11. Hugh Broughton (JE | WP GWP G) English Christian divine and rabbinical scholar; born 1549 at Oldbury, Shropshire; died at Tottenham, near London, Aug. 4...
12. Brovary (JE | WP GWP G) Small town in the government of Chernigov, Russia. In 1898 it had 1,344 Jewish inhabitants in a population of 5,166. Most...
13. Saul Brown (JE | WP GWP G) -- See under N248: New York
14. William Brown JE (JE | WP GWP G) Scottish clergyman; born 1766; died 1835; for forty-three years minister of Eskdalemuir, Scotland. He is the author of "Antiquities...
15. Robert Browning (JE | WP GWP G) English poet; born in Clerkenwell, London, 1812; died at Venice Dec. 12, 1889. From his somewhat Jewish appearance, knowledge...
16. Isaac Broydé JE (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Orientalist; born at Porozowo, government of Grodno, Russia, Feb. 23, 1867. After attending the gymnasium at Grodnohe...
17. Bruchsal (JE | WP GWP G) City in the grand duchy of Baden. Jews resided here as early as the beginning of the twelfth century. In 1337 the Jews of...
18. Abraham Jacob Bruck (JE | WP GWP G) Russian educator; author of works in Hebrew and in Russian; born in the district of Rossienny 1820; died in Yekaterinoslav...
19. Jacob Bruck (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian physician and author; born at Pápa Oct. 20, 1845; died at Budapest 1901; brother of Lajos Bruck. He studied...
20. Julius Bruck (JE | WP GWP G) German dentist and writer on dentistry; born at Breslau Oct. 6, 1840; died there, April 20, 1902. He studied dentistry and...

1521 – 1540

1. Lajos Bruck (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian painter; born at Pápa, county of Veszprim, Nov., 1846. Though his father intended him for commercial life,...
2. Max (Miksa) Bruck (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian painter; born at Budapest 1863; a brother of Lajos Bruck. He graduated from the schools of his native city, and...
3. Moses Bruck (JE | WP GWP G) Hungarian theological writer; born about 1812 in Prerau, Moravia; died in 1849. He studied at Prague, and, as he could find...
4. Solomon b. Hayyim Brück (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian Hebraist; born in the latter part of the eighteenth century; died about 1846. He is the author of "Ḥa&#7731...
5. Henrietta Bruckman (JE | WP GWP G) Founder of the first Jewish women's lodge in America; born in Bohemia April, 1810; died in New York city April, 1888....
6. Lucien Levy Bruhl (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1526: Levy-Bruhl
7. L S Bruhl (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1526: Levy-Bruhl
8. Adolf Brüll (JE | WP GWP G) German writer and theologian; born in Kojetein, Moravia, April 27, 1846; son of Rabbi Jakob Brüll. He was educated at...
9. Ignaz Brüll (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian composer; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, Nov. 7, 1846. In 1848 his parents removed to Vienna, where he became a pupil...
10. Jakob Brüll (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian Talmudist and author; born at Neu-Raussnitz, Moravia, Nov. 16, 1812; died at Kojetein Nov. 29, 1889. He attended...
11. Nehemiah Brüll JE (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi and scholar of varied attainments; born March 16, 1843, at Neu-Raussnitz, Moravia; died Feb. 5, 1891, at Frankfort-on-the-Main...
12. Israel Bruna (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I299: Isreal Bruna ben Ḥayyim
13. Angelo Brunetti (JE | WP GWP G) Popular Roman leader, and advocate of the emancipation of the Jews; born in Rome 1800; died there Aug. 10, 1849. Inspired...
14. Brünn (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of Moravia. It possessed a Jewish community as early as the twelfth century. At the instigation of Capistrano, the...
15. Arnold William Brunner (JE | WP GWP G) American architect; the son of William Brunner and Isabelle Solomon; was born in New York city Sept. 25, 1857. He was educated...
16. Sebastian Brunner (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian Catholic theologian, editor, and anti-Jewish writer; born Dec. 10, 1814, in Vienna; died in Währing, near Vienna...
17. Léon Lévy Brunswich (JE | WP GWP G) French dramatist; born at Paris April 20, 1805; died at Havre April 29, 1859. Favoritecollaborator of Ad. de Leuven, he wrote...
18. Brunswick (JE | WP GWP G) Duchy of Germany, the capital of which has the same name. The first settlement of Jews in the duchy was at Blankenburg; for...
19. Brusa (JE | WP GWP G) City of Anatolia, 54 miles from Constantinople and 21 miles from the port of Moudania. According to some chroniclers, the...
20. Brusilov (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Kiev, Russia, with a Jewish population (1898) of 2,800, in a total of 6,500. Of the 541 Jewish artisans...

1541 – 1560

1. Brussels (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of Belgium. There are no records as to the date when Jews first settled in Brussels; but as many of them were scattered...
2. Brutish (JE | WP GWP G) A term applied by the Biblical writers to men whose disposition or spirit was like that of beasts. It is used in close conjunction...
3. Judah Loeb ben David Brutzkus (JE | WP GWP G) Russian writer; born 1870 at Polangen, in the government of Courland; studied at the gymnasium and University of Moscow, from...
4. Brüx (JE | WP GWP G) Town of Bohemia, 14 miles north of Saaz. Documents prove that, as early as the fourteenth century, Jews were living at Br&#252...
5. Bryansk (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Grodno, Russia, with a Jewish population (1898) of 2,365, in a total population of 6,342. Of the...
6. Solomon Buber JE (JE | WP GWP G) Galician scholar and editor of Hebrew works; born at Lemberg Feb. 2, 1827. His father, Isaiah Abraham Buber, was versed in...
7. Charles Adolphus Buchheim (JE | WP GWP G) Professor of the German language and German literature at King's College, London; born in Moravia1828; died at London...
8. Bucharest (JE | WP GWP G) Ancient capital of Wallachia, and the present capital of Rumania. The oldest Jewish tombstone is dated 1682; but Jews settled...
9. Bernhard Buchbinder (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian journalist; born July 6, 1854, in Budapest, where he received his education, being destined for a mercantile career...
10. Carl August Buchholz (JE | WP GWP G) German Christian lawyer and author; born in the latter half of the eighteenth century; died at Lübeck Nov. 15, 1843....
11. P. Buchholz (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; born Oct. 2, 1837; died in Emden, Hanover, Sept. 20, 1892. He became rabbi of Märkisch-Friedland in 1863...
12. Adolf Büchler JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian historian and theologian; born Oct. 18, 1867, at Priekopa, Hungary. In 1887 he began his theological studies at the...
13. Alexander Büchler JE (JE | WP GWP G) Born in Fülek, Hungary, in 1869; son of the Talmudist rabbi Phineas Büchler of Moór. He was educated at the...
14. Wolf b. David Hakohen Buchner (JE | WP GWP G) Hebrew stylist; born at Brody in the latter half of the eighteenth century and lived into the nineteenth. In his boyhood Buchner...
15. Buchsbaum (JE | WP GWP G) Family of Jewish physicians of Frankfort-on-the-Main, whose activity extended over a century. Its prominent members were:...
16. Buckler (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S625: Shield
17. Abraham Cohen Bucuresteanu (Bucureshteanu) (JE | WP GWP G) Rumanian publicist; born at Bucharest 1840; died there Jan. 24, 1877. From his earliest youth he was passionately fond of...
18. Abraham David b. Asher Anshel Buczacz JE (JE | WP GWP G) Galician Talmudist; born 1770 at Nadworna; died 1840 at Buczacz. Even as a boy he attracted, by his acuteness in Talmudic...
19. Buda (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1561: Budapest
20. Purim of Buda (JE | WP GWP G) in 1684 the Christian armies laid siege to Buda (Ofen) to drive out the Turks, who had held possession of the city from 1541...

1561 – 1580

1. Budapest >> Dohány Street Synagogue JE, Rumbach Street synagogue JE (JE | WP GWP G) the capital of Hungary. Of the several congregations within this tripartite city, Buda (Ofen), Ó-Buda (Alt-Ofen), and...
2. Budek (JE | WP GWP G) Polish Catholic priest; canon of Wislica at the beginning of the fifteenth century, and one of the most vigorous Jew-baiters...
3. Max Büdinger (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian historian; born April 1, 1828, at Cassel, Germany; died at Vienna Feb. 23, 1902; son of Moses Mordecai Büdinger...
4. Moses Israel ben Isaac Büdinger (JE | WP GWP G) Teacher at Metz at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth. He devoted himself to Hebrew grammar...
5. Moses Mordecai Büdinger (JE | WP GWP G) German educator; born at Maidorf, a village in Hessen, Jan., 1783; died at Cassel Jan. 31, 1841. At the age of twenty he became...
6. Simon Budny (JE | WP GWP G) Calvinist priest of Lithuania in the sixteenth century; founder of the Polish sect of the Budnians, who were surnamed "Half-Jews"...
7. Budushchnost (JE | WP GWP G) Russo-Jewish weekly, established (1900) and edited by S. O. Gruzenberg. Like the "Voskhod," it gives valuableinformation concerning...
8. Budweis (JE | WP GWP G) City of Bohemia. Jews were settled there in the first half of the fourteenth century, possibly earlier. In 1337 the community...
9. La Buena Espéranza (JE | WP GWP G) Title of a Jewish weekly, published in Judæo-Spanish and in rabbinic characters at Smyrna since 1874. It first appeared...
10. Bueno (Bonus) (JE | WP GWP G) Family of Spanish origin, members of which, including many physicians and scholars, have settled in southern France, Italy...
11. Buenos Ayres (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S990: South America
12. Buffalo (JE | WP GWP G) A name common to different species of Bovidœ. The best known is the Bubalus buffelus, or Bos bubalus, generally called...
13. Buffalo, New York (JE | WP GWP G) the second city in New York state. Its first connection with the history of the Jews occurred in 1825, when Mordecai M. Noah...
14. Buk (JE | WP GWP G) Town in Prussia, province of Posen, which, after the second partition of Poland, in 1793, passed under Prussian rule. Jews...
15. Bukki (JE | WP GWP G) 1. Son of Jogli, prince of the tribe of Dan, who represented his tribe in the division of the land (Num. xxxiv. 22). 2. Son...
16. Bukowina (JE | WP GWP G) An eastern province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire for the history of which see Czernowitz. ...
17. Bul (JE | WP GWP G) the name of the month in which the building of Solomon's Temple was completed, as mentioned in I Kings vi. 38. It would...
18. Raphael Moses ben Joseph de Bulah (JE | WP GWP G) Palestinian Talmudist and rabbi; died at Jerusalem March 23, 1773, where he had been rabbi, and had conducted a Talmudic school...
19. Solomon ben Raphael Moses de Bulah (JE | WP GWP G) Turkish Talmudist; born at Jerusalem, where his father, Raphael Moses ben Joseph de Bulah, was rabbi; died 1786 at Salonica...
20. Bulan (JE | WP GWP G) King of the Chazars, who in 620 embraced Judaism. Joseph, "Chaghan" (king) of the Chazars, in answer to a letter from &#7716...

1581 – 1600

1. Abraham ibn Bulat (V03p425001jpg) (JE | WP GWP G) Talmudic scholar; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. He was the disciple of Isaac de Leon, and in a vigorous dispute...
2. Judah ben Joseph ibn Bulat (V03p425002jpg) JE (JE | WP GWP G) Spanish Talmudist and rabbi; born at the end of the fifteenth century at Estella, Navarre; died probably at Constantinople...
3. Bulgaria (JE | WP GWP G) Principality of southeastern Europe, under the suzerainty of Turkey. According to Josephus ("Ant." xxii.) and Belloguet ("Les...
4. Bull (JE | WP GWP G) -- See O193: Ox
5. Bull Worship Among Ancient Hebrews (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C45: Calf, Golden
6. Bullock (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C278: Cattle
7. Papal Bulls concerning Jews (JE | WP GWP G) -- See P438: Popes
8. Bulrush (JE | WP GWP G) A rush or reed. The term "bulrush" in the Bible occurs once as a translation for "agmon" (Isa. lviii. 5) and twice for "gome"...
9. Bulwark (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W37: War
10. Bun (JE | WP GWP G) As a personal prenomen this name is a dialectic abridgment of "Abun" ("Abin," "Rabin"; see Jastrow, "Dictionary," 147a; compare...
11. Edmund Bunney (JE | WP GWP G) English preacher and Hebrew scholar; born at Vache, near Chalfont, St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, in 1540; died at Carwood, Yorkshire...
12. Bunzlau (JE | WP GWP G) -- See J728: Jung-Bunzlau
13. Meïr ben Ephraim Fishel Bunzlau (Bumslo) (JE | WP GWP G) Bohemian rabbi and Talmudist; born at Bunzlau (Jewish-German, "Bumslo"); died Nov. 23, 1770, at Prague, where he had been...
14. John Rudolph, Count von Buol-Schauenstein (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian diplomat; born Nov. 21, 1763; died Feb. 12, 1834, in Vienna. He entered the diplomatic service, and was sent as ambassador...
15. Burden of Proof (JE | WP GWP G) in law, the obligation resting upon one or other of the parties to a suit to bring proof of a fact when the opposite party...
16. Meno Burg (JE | WP GWP G) German military officer; was born in Berlin Oct. 9, 1789; died there Aug. 26, 1853. His father was in very poor circumstances...
17. Burgdorf (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It contained a few Jewish inhabitants in the fourteenth century. In 1347 Simon, a...
18. Elijah Hai Vita Burgel (Burgil) (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Tunis; son of Nathan Burgel. He is the author of "Migdanot Natan," a work in two parts. The first part, printed with...
19. Joseph Burgel (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi of Tunis; son of Elijah Ḥai Burgel; born in 1791; died at Tunis in 1857. He was the author of "Zar'a de-Yosef...
20. Nathan ben Abraham Burgel (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi at Tunis about 1750; pupil of Isaac Lumbroso. Considered a rabbinical authority, people from far and near brought him...

1601 to 1700

1601 – 1620

1. Hugo Bürger (JE | WP GWP G) German dramatist; born in Breslau April 22, 1846; now (1902) living at Berlin. He came to Berlin at the age of twelve, and...
2. Solomon ben David Bürger (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1336: Borger, Solomon ben David
3. Theodor Bürger (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi and preacher in Szegedin, Hungary, 1843-47. Two years after entering upon his office he published a book, "Der Talmud...
4. Burglary (JE | WP GWP G) in English and American law burglary is the offense of breaking into a dwelling-house at night, with the intent to commit...
5. Burgos (JE | WP GWP G) City of Old Castile, having a long-established, large, wealthy, and cultured Jewish community up to the time of the expulsion...
6. Burgundy (JE | WP GWP G) -- See F288: France
7. Burial (JE | WP GWP G) Placing the corpse in the earth or in caves of the rock, the chief modes adhered to by the Jewish people of disposing of the...
8. Burial Society (JE | WP GWP G) Organization for providing proper burial rites. There is hardly a congregation of Jews in the world without an association...
9. Barthold Dowe Burmania JE (JE | WP GWP G) Dutch statesman and ambassador to the court of Vienna; lived in the eighteenth century. He was a man of broad humanitarian...
10. Burning Bush (JE | WP GWP G) the name commonly given to the tree from which the angel of Jehovah manifested himself to Moses in a flame of fire; the distinctive...
11. Burning of the Dead (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C863: Cremation
12. Burnt Offering (JE | WP GWP G) the ordinary translation in modern versions of the Hebrew "'olah" (). This term does not mean literally "burnt offering...
13. Bury St Edmunds (JE | WP GWP G) Town of Suffolk, England, and seat of a monastery the ruins of which still exist. Under the rule of Abbot Hugh (1173-80) the...
14. Bush (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1610: Burning Bush
15. Isidor Bush (Busch) JE (JE | WP GWP G) Litterateur, publicist, and viticulturalist; born in Prague, Bohemia, Jan. 15, 1822; died in St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 5, 1898...
16. Lewis Bush (JE | WP GWP G) American soldier; born in Philadelphia; died 1777; member of the well-known Bush family, Jewish merchants of Philadelphia...
17. Solomon Bush JE (JE | WP GWP G) American soldier; born in Philadelphia; son of Matthias Bush, one of the signers of the non-importation agreement (Oct. 25...
18. William Bertrand Busnach JE (JE | WP GWP G) French dramatist; born in Paris March 7, 1832; nephew of the composer Fromental Halévy. His father was associated with...
19. Naphtali Busnash JE (JE | WP GWP G) Chief of the Algerian Jews and statesman; born at Algiers in the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated June 28, 1805...
20. Bustani (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1361: Bostanai

1621 – 1640

1. Butchers (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S582: Sheḥiṭah
2. Matheus Butrymowicz JE (JE | WP GWP G) Polish statesman and landlord of the eighteenth century; a descendant of one of the oldest families of Lithuania and Samogitia...
3. Butte, Montana (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M738: Montana
4. Laemmlein Buttenwieser (JE | WP GWP G) German Talmudist and linguist; born in Wassertrüdingen, Bavaria, Jan. 16, 1825; died in New York city Sept. 23, 1901...
5. Johannes Buxtorf (Buxtorff) + (JE | WP GWP G) the principal founder of rabbinical study among Christian scholars; born Dec. 25, 1564, at Kamen, Westphalia; died Sept. 13...
6. Johannes Buxtorf JE (JE | WP GWP G) Johannes Buxtorf, the son of the elder; known as Johannes Buxtorf II.; Christian Hebraist; born at Basel Aug. 13, 1599; died...
7. Johannes b. Buxtorf (JE | WP GWP G) Nephew of Johannes Jakob Buxtorf; born Jan. 8, 1663; died June 19, 1732. He was professor of Hebrew at Basel, and published...
8. Johannes Jakob Buxtorf JE (JE | WP GWP G) Professor of Hebrew at Basel; son of Johannes Buxtorf II. by his fourth wife; born Sept. 4, 1645; died April 4, 1705. According...
9. Johannes Rudolphus Buxtorf (JE | WP GWP G) Great-grandson of Johannes Buxtorf I.; born at Basel Oct. 24, 1747; died 1815. After completing his studies in his native...
10. Buz (JE | WP GWP G) Second son of Nahor (Gen. xxii. 21). From the language of the genealogical lists, however, it is to be inferred that the name...
11. Shalom ben Moses Buzaglo (Buzaglio, Buzagli), JE (JE | WP GWP G) Cabalist; born in Morocco (where his father was "rosh yeshibah") at the beginning of the eighteenth century; died in 1780...
12. William Buzaglo JE (JE | WP GWP G) English inventor and empiric; died at London in 1788. His first claim to distinction was his introduction of stoves made on...
13. Buzecchi (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1375: Bozecchi
14. Byelaya Tzerkov (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Kiev, Russia. Its Jewish settlement must have been formed after 1550, when the waywode of Kiev,...
15. Byelaya Vezh (JE | WP GWP G) -- See C402: Chazars
16. Byelostok (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Grodno, Russia; by rail 52 miles southwest of Grodno; one of the youngest in Lithuania. Little is...
17. Byelsk + (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Grodno, Russia. It is impossible to name the exact date when Jews first settled here. In the sixteenth...
18. Byeshenkovichi (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the district of Lepelsk, government of Vitebsk, Russia. In 1898, in a total population of 5,000, about 4,000 were...
19. Emil Byk JE (JE | WP GWP G) Austrian lawyer and deputy; born Jan. 14, 1845, at Janow, near Trembowla, in Galicia.In 1885 Byk was chosen chairman of the...
20. Bykhov (JE | WP GWP G) District town in the government of Mohilev, Russia. At the census of 1898 the total population was 6,536, including 3,172...

1641 – 1660

1. George Gordon, Lord Byron (JE | WP GWP G) English poet; born in Halles street, London, Jan. 22, 1788; died at Missolonghi, Greece, April 19, 1824. The only one of his...
2. Byzantine Expire (JE | WP GWP G) Name given to the eastern division of the Roman empire. On May 11, 330, Constantinople became the capital of the Roman empire...

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