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Anatomy

Jugulodigastric lymph node L.node enlarged in tonsillitis

Signs and Symptoms

Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms relating to the circulatory system

Chest pain

Auscultation

Pulse

Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Pulsus paradoxus
doubled
- Pulsus bisferiens
- Pulsus bigeminus
Pulsus alternans

Other

Shock

Cardiovascular disease

Aortic insufficiency	Collapsing pulse De Musset's sign Duroziez's sign Müller's sign Austin Flint murmur Mayne's sign
Other endocardium	endocarditis: Roth's spot Janeway lesion/Osler's node Bracht–Wachter bodies
Pericardium	Cardiac tamponade/Pericardial effusion: Beck's triad Ewart's sign
Other	rheumatic fever: Anitschkow cell Aschoff body EKG J wave Gallavardin phenomenon

Vascular disease

Arterial	aortic aneurysm Cardarelli's sign Oliver's sign pulmonary embolism Right heart strain radial artery sufficiency Allen's test pseudohypertension thrombus Lines of Zahn Adson's sign arteriovenous fistula Nicoladoni–Branham sign
Venous	Friedreich's sign Caput medusae Kussmaul's sign Trendelenburg test superior vena cava syndrome Pemberton's sign

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to perception, emotion and behaviour
Cognition	Confusion Delirium Psychosis Delusion Amnesia Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia Convulsion Dizziness Disequilibrium Presyncope/Lightheadedness Vertigo
Emotion	Anger Anxiety Depression Fear Paranoia Hostility Irritability Suicidal ideation
Behavior	Verbosity Russell's sign
Perception	Sensory processing disorder Hallucination (Auditory hallucination) Smell Anosmia Hyposmia Dysosmia Parosmia Phantosmia Hyperosmia Synesthesia Taste Ageusia Hypogeusia Dysgeusia Hypergeusia

Signs and symptoms relating to the human digestive system or abdomen

Gastrointestinal
tract

Accessory

liver: Councilman body
Mallory body

biliary: Boas' sign
Courvoisier's law
Charcot's cholangitis triad/Reynolds' pentad
cholecystitis (Murphy's sign
Lépine's sign
Mirizzi's syndrome)
Nardi test

Defecation

Abdomen

Pain	Abdominal pain Acute abdomen Colic Baby colic Abdominal guarding Blumberg's sign
Distension	Abdominal distension Bloating Ascites Tympany Shifting dullness Fluid wave test
Masses	Abdominal mass Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly
Other	Jaundice Mallet-Guy's sign Puddle sign Ballance's sign Aortic insufficiency Castell's sign Kehr's sign Cullen's sign Grey Turner's sign

Hernia

Other

Signs and symptoms that are general or constitutional

Temperature

heat	Fever of unknown origin drug-induced postoperative Hyperthermia Hyperhidrosis Night sweats
cold	Chills Hypothermia

Aches and pains

Malaise and fatigue

Miscellaneous

Thyroid disease

Hypothyroidism

Iodine deficiency
Cretinism
- Congenital hypothyroidism
Myxedema
Myxedema coma
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome
Signs and symptoms
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
Pickardt syndrome
Hypothyroid myopathy
- KDSS
- Hoffmann syndrome
- LEMS
- Atrophic type

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroxinemia
- Thyroid hormone resistance
- Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
Hashitoxicosis
Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Thyroid storm
Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroid myopathy

Graves' disease	Signs and symptoms Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign lid lag Griffith's sign Möbius sign Pretibial myxedema Graves' ophthalmopathy

Thyroiditis

Enlargement

Signs and symptoms relating to the respiratory system

Auscultation

Stethoscope
Respiratory sounds
- Stridor
- Wheeze
- Crackles
- Rhonchi
- Stertor
- Squawk
- Pleural friction rub
- Fremitus
- Bronchophony
- Death rattle
Elicited findings

Breathing

Rate	Apnea Prematurity Dyspnea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Hyperpnea Tachypnea Hypopnea Bradypnea
Pattern	Agonal respiration Biot's respiration Cheyne–Stokes respiration Kussmaul breathing Ataxic respiration
Other	Respiratory distress Respiratory arrest Orthopnea/Platypnea Trepopnea Aerophagia Asphyxia Breath holding Mouth breathing Snoring

Other

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to skin and subcutaneous tissue
Disturbances of skin sensation	Hypoesthesia Paresthesia Formication Hyperesthesia Hypoalgesia Hyperalgesia
Circulation	Cyanosis Pallor Livedo Livedo reticularis Flushing Petechia Blanching
Edema	Peripheral edema Anasarca
Other	Rash Desquamation Induration Diaphoresis Mass Neck mass
Skin	Asboe-Hansen sign Auspitz's sign Borsari's sign Braverman's sign Crowe sign Dennie–Morgan fold Darier's sign Fitzpatrick's sign Florid cutaneous papillomatosis Gottron's sign Hutchinson's sign Janeway lesion Kerr's sign Koebner's phenomenon Koplik's spots Leser-Trelat sign Nikolsky's sign Pastia's sign Russell's sign Wickham striae Wolf's isotopic response Munro's microabscess
Nails	Aldrich-Mees' lines Beau's lines Muehrcke's lines Terry's nails

Malnutrition

Protein-energy
malnutrition

Vitamin deficiency

B vitamins	B₁ Beriberi Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's syndrome B₂ Riboflavin deficiency B₃ Pellagra B₆ Pyridoxine deficiency B₇ Biotin deficiency B₉ Folate deficiency B₁₂ Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
Other	A: Vitamin A deficiency Bitot's spots C: Scurvy D: Vitamin D deficiency Rickets Osteomalacia Harrison's groove E: Vitamin E deficiency K: Vitamin K deficiency

Mineral deficiency

Electrolyte imbalance
- Calcium
- Chloride
- Magnesium
- Phosphate
- Potassium
- Sodium
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Copper
Iodine
Chromium
Molybdenum
Selenium
- Keshan disease
Fluorine

Growth

General

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to the urinary system
Pain	Dysuria Renal colic Costovertebral angle tenderness Vesical tenesmus
Control	Urinary incontinence Enuresis Diurnal enuresis Giggling Nocturnal enuresis Post-void dribbling Stress Urge Overflow Urinary retention
Volume	Oliguria Anuria Polyuria
Other	Lower urinary tract symptoms Nocturia urgency frequency Extravasation of urine Uremia
Eponymous	Addis count Brewer infarcts Lloyd's sign Mathe's sign

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to infectious diseases
Bacterial disease	syphilis Hutchinson's teeth Hutchinson's triad Westphal's sign Clutton's joints Dennie–Marfan syndrome
Viral disease	measles Koplik's spots
Parasitic disease	African trypanosomiasis Winterbottom's sign
General	Meningism Fever Liebermeister's rule Faget sign

v t e Signs and symptoms and relating to the eye
Adnexa	lacrimal: Schirmer's test eyelid: Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign
Globe	pupil: Argyll Robertson pupils Adie pupil Marcus Gunn pupil cornea: Fleischer ring Kayser–Fleischer ring Hudson–Stahli line iris: Brushfield spots Lisch nodule conjunctiva: Bitot's spots Arlt's line retina: Hollenhorst plaque Roth's spot Fuchs spot others: Alexander's law Hirschberg test Siegrist streaks

v t e Signs and symptoms in obstetrics
Pregnancy	Abderhalden reaction Chadwick sign Goodell's sign Hegar's sign Ladin's sign Piskacek's sign Von Braun-Fernwald's sign
Other	Apgar score Braxton Hicks contractions hydrops fetalis (Hemoglobin Barts) ectopic pregnancy (Spiegelberg criteria) fetal death (Spalding's sign) Leopold's maneuvers

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to the reproductive system
Female	Cervical motion tenderness Strawberry cervix Boggy uterus Adnexal mass Vaginal discharge Vaginal Odor Cramping Endometrium Arias-Stella phenomenon Canga's bead symptom Genital ulcer
Male	Testicular pain sudden Discharge from penis Inflammation/Redness Swollen testicles Prehn's sign Genital ulcer

Signs and symptoms relating to the nervous system

Central nervous system

Head	Battle's sign Kernig's sign Macewen's sign Myerson's sign Stroop test Hirano body
Other	Intracranial pressure Cushing's triad Lhermitte's sign Charcot's neurologic triad

Peripheral nervous system

Reflexes

Combination	Jendrassik maneuver
Legs	Plantar reflex Chaddock reflex Oppenheim's sign Westphal's sign
Arms	Hoffmann's reflex

Other

Arms	Froment's sign carpal tunnel syndrome Tinel's sign Phalen maneuver
Legs	Gowers's sign Hoover's sign Straight leg raise Trendelenburg's sign
Torso	Beevor's sign
General	Pain stimulus

Signs and symptoms, and syndromes associated with lesions of the brain and brainstem

Cerebral cortex

ACA syndrome
MCA syndrome
PCA syndrome
Aphasia
Frontal lobe
- Expressive aphasia
- Abulia
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
- Cortical deafness
- Prosopagnosia

Subcortex

Basal ganglia
Thalamic syndrome

Cerebellum

Lateral
Medial
- Cerebellar ataxia

Brainstem

Medulla	Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA Medial medullary syndrome/Dejerine ASA
Pons	Upper dorsal pontine syndrome/Raymond–Céstan syndrome Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) (lateral) Medial pontine syndrome/Millard–Gubler syndrome/Foville's syndrome (basilar) Locked-in syndrome Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome
Midbrain	Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA Benedikt syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Claude's syndrome
Other	Alternating hemiplegia

Other

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to movement and gait
Gait	Gait abnormality CNS Scissor gait Cerebellar ataxia Choreic gait Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait Magnetic gait Marche à petit pas Propulsive gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Truncal ataxia Vestibular gait Muscular Myopathic gait/Waddling gait Trendelenburg gait Pigeon gait Foot drop Steppage gait Toe walking Asymmetric gait Leaping gait Asynchronous gait Gunslinger's gait Hemiparetic gait Limp Antalgic gait Deformity Lotus gait
Coordination	Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesia Pronator drift Dyssynergia Sensory ataxia Asterixis Abasia Hemimotor neglect
Abnormal movement	Athetosis Chorea Tremor Fasciculation Fibrillation Myokymia Myoclonus Hyperkinesia / Hypokinesia Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia Hypotonia Stereotypy Akathisia Echopraxia Echolalia
Posturing	Abnormal posturing Stooped posture Camptocormia Osteoporosis Opisthotonus Spasm Trismus Cramp Tetany Hypertonia Joint locking Catalepsy Waxy flexibility Grimacing Tonic immobility
Paralysis	Flaccid paralysis Periodic paralysis Spastic paraplegia Spastic diplegia Spastic paraplegia Syndromes Monoplegia Diplegia / Paraplegia Hemiplegia Triplegia Tetraplegia / Quadruplegia General causes Upper motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion Sleep paralysis
Weakness	Hemiparesis Gowers' sign Locomotive syndrome Ptosis
Range of motion	Contracture Bethlem sign Club foot Joint stiffness Ankylosis Hypermobility Gorlin sign EDS HSD Boutonniere deformity Swan neck deformity Scoliosis Kyphosis
Other	Rachitic rosary Flat feet Overpronation/Flexible flat feet Knock-knee Bow-leggedness Back knee Hyporeflexia Hyperreflexia Clasp-knife response Shivering Hypnic jerk Astasia-abasia Vertigo Motion sickness Conversion disorder Shell shock Stupor Catatonia Dancing mania

Disorders of hearing and balance

Hearing

Symptoms

Hearing loss
Excessive response

Disease

Loss	Conductive hearing loss Otosclerosis Superior canal dehiscence Sensorineural hearing loss Presbycusis Cortical deafness Nonsyndromic deafness
Other	Deafblindness Wolfram syndrome Usher syndrome Auditory processing disorder Spatial hearing loss

Tests

Balance

Symptoms	Vertigo nystagmus
Disease	Balance disorder Peripheral Ménière's disease Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Labyrinthitis Labyrinthine fistula
Tests	Dix–Hallpike test Unterberger test Romberg's test Vestibulo–ocular reflex

Signs and symptoms that are general or constitutional

Temperature

heat	Fever of unknown origin drug-induced postoperative Hyperthermia Hyperhidrosis Night sweats
cold	Chills Hypothermia

Aches and pains

Malaise and fatigue

Miscellaneous

{{Eponymous medical signs for hematology}} {{Eponymous medical signs for circulatory and respiratory systems}} {{Eponymous medical signs for endocrinology}}

Signs and symptoms relating to the nervous system

Central nervous system

Head	Battle's sign Kernig's sign Macewen's sign Myerson's sign Stroop test Hirano body
Other	Intracranial pressure Cushing's triad Lhermitte's sign Charcot's neurologic triad

Peripheral nervous system

Reflexes

Combination	Jendrassik maneuver
Legs	Plantar reflex Chaddock reflex Oppenheim's sign Westphal's sign
Arms	Hoffmann's reflex

Other

Arms	Froment's sign carpal tunnel syndrome Tinel's sign Phalen maneuver
Legs	Gowers's sign Hoover's sign Straight leg raise Trendelenburg's sign
Torso	Beevor's sign
General	Pain stimulus

{{Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs}}

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to skin and subcutaneous tissue
Disturbances of skin sensation	Hypoesthesia Paresthesia Formication Hyperesthesia Hypoalgesia Hyperalgesia
Circulation	Cyanosis Pallor Livedo Livedo reticularis Flushing Petechia Blanching
Edema	Peripheral edema Anasarca
Other	Rash Desquamation Induration Diaphoresis Mass Neck mass
Skin	Asboe-Hansen sign Auspitz's sign Borsari's sign Braverman's sign Crowe sign Dennie–Morgan fold Darier's sign Fitzpatrick's sign Florid cutaneous papillomatosis Gottron's sign Hutchinson's sign Janeway lesion Kerr's sign Koebner's phenomenon Koplik's spots Leser-Trelat sign Nikolsky's sign Pastia's sign Russell's sign Wickham striae Wolf's isotopic response Munro's microabscess
Nails	Aldrich-Mees' lines Beau's lines Muehrcke's lines Terry's nails

Musculoskeletal examination

Leg

Hip examination	Barlow maneuver Galeazzi test Allis test Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Thomas test Trendelenburg's sign
Knee examination	Ballottement Clarke's test Drawer test Lachman test Meniscus Apley grind test McMurray test Ligament and meniscus Unhappy triad Patellar tap Pivot-shift test Valgus stress test
Foot and ankle	Hubscher's maneuver Mulder's sign Thompson test
General	Gait abnormality Lasègue's sign Trendelenburg gait Gower's sign Straight leg raise Unequal leg length

Arm

Shoulder examination	Apprehension test Jobe's test Neer impingement test Yergason's test Rotator cuff Hawkins–Kennedy test Watson's test
Elbow examination	Cozen's test Elbow extension test
Hand and wrist	Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Lunotriquetral shear test Phalen maneuver Tinel sign Watson's test
General	Bethlem sign

Spine

Gaenslen's test
Low back pain
Lower back flexibility
- Schober's test
- Waddell's signs
Sacroiliitis
- Larrey's sign

Other

v t e Signs and symptoms in obstetrics
Pregnancy	Abderhalden reaction Chadwick sign Goodell's sign Hegar's sign Ladin's sign Piskacek's sign Von Braun-Fernwald's sign
Other	Apgar score Braxton Hicks contractions hydrops fetalis (Hemoglobin Barts) ectopic pregnancy (Spiegelberg criteria) fetal death (Spalding's sign) Leopold's maneuvers

List of eponymous medical signs · Strabismus · Cataplexy · Hypnagogia · Sleep paralysis · Xerostomia · General symptoms and signs

Physiology

Biochemistry

· D-dimer · TrkA(forCongenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis)

Vitamins (A11)

Fat
soluble

A	α-Carotene β-Carotene Retinol^# Tretinoin^#
D	D₂ Ergosterol Ergocalciferol^# D₃ 7-Dehydrocholesterol Previtamin D₃ Cholecalciferol^# 25-hydroxycholecalciferol Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) Calcitroic acid D₄ Dihydroergocalciferol D₅ D analogues Alfacalcidol Dihydrotachysterol Calcipotriol Tacalcitol Paricalcitol
E	Tocopherol Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Tocotrienol Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Tocofersolan
K	Naphthoquinone Phylloquinone (K₁)^# Menaquinones (K₂) Menadione (K₃)^‡ Various (K₄) 4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol (K₅)^‡ 2-Methylnaphthalene-1,4-diamine (K₆) 4-Amino-3-methyl-1-naphthol (K₇)

Water
soluble

Combinations

Multivitamins

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism: monosaccharide metabolism disorders
Including glycogen storage diseases (GSD)

Sucrose, transport
(extracellular)

Disaccharide catabolism	Congenital alactasia Sucrose intolerance
Monosaccharide transport	Glucose-galactose malabsorption Inborn errors of renal tubular transport (Renal glycosuria) Fructose malabsorption De Vivo Disease (GLUT1 deficiency) Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (GLUT2 deficiency)

Hexose → glucose

Monosaccharide catabolism

Fructose:	Essential fructosuria Fructose intolerance
Galactose / galactosemia:	GALK deficiency GALT deficiency/GALE deficiency

Glucose ⇄ glycogen

Glycogenesis

GSD type 0 (glycogen synthase deficiency)
GSD type IV (Andersen's disease, branching enzyme deficiency)
Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD)
Lafora disease
GSD type XV (glycogenin deficiency)

Glycogenolysis

Extralysosomal:	GSD type III (Cori's disease, debranching enzyme deficiency) GSD type VI (Hers' disease, liver glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) GSD type V (McArdle's disease, myophosphorylase deficiency) GSD type IX (phosphorylase kinase deficiency) Phosphoglucomutase deficiency (PGM1-CDG, CDG1T, formerly GSD-XIV)
Lysosomal (LSD):	Glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease, glucosidase deficiency, formerly GSD-IIa) Danon disease (LAMP2 deficiency, formerly GSD-IIb)

Glucose ⇄ CAC

Glycolysis	MODY 2/HHF3 GSD type VII (Tarui's disease, phosphofructokinase deficiency) Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Aldolase A deficiency Phosphoglucose isomerase deficiency Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency (MPC1 deficiency)
Gluconeogenesis	Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency GSD type I (von Gierke's disease, glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency)

Pentose phosphate pathway

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Transaldolase deficiency
SDDHD (Transketolase deficiency)
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency

Other

Hyperoxaluria
- Primary hyperoxaluria
Pentosuria
Fatal congenital nonlysosomal cardiac glycogenosis (AMP-activated protein kinase deficiency, PRKAG2)

Inborn error of amino acid metabolism

K→acetyl-CoA

Lysine/straight chain	Glutaric acidemia type 1 type 2 Hyperlysinemia Pipecolic acidemia Saccharopinuria
Leucine	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria 1 Isovaleric acidemia Maple syrup urine disease
Tryptophan	Hypertryptophanemia

G→pyruvate→citrate

Glycine	D-Glyceric acidemia Glutathione synthetase deficiency Sarcosinemia Glycine→Creatine: GAMT deficiency Glycine encephalopathy

G→glutamate→
α-ketoglutarate

Histidine	Carnosinemia Histidinemia Urocanic aciduria
Proline	Hyperprolinemia Prolidase deficiency
Glutamate/glutamine	SSADHD

G→propionyl-CoA→
succinyl-CoA

Valine	Hypervalinemia Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency Maple syrup urine disease
Isoleucine	2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency Beta-ketothiolase deficiency Maple syrup urine disease
Methionine	Cystathioninuria Homocystinuria Hypermethioninemia
General BC/OA	Methylmalonic acidemia Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency Propionic acidemia

G→fumarate

Phenylalanine/tyrosine

Phenylketonuria	6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Tyrosinemia	Alkaptonuria/Ochronosis Tyrosinemia type I Tyrosinemia type II Tyrosinemia type III/Hawkinsinuria
Tyrosine→Melanin	Albinism: Ocular albinism (1) Oculocutaneous albinism (Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome) Waardenburg syndrome
Tyrosine→Norepinephrine	Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency reverse: Brunner syndrome

G→oxaloacetate

Urea cycle/Hyperammonemia (arginine aspartate)	Argininemia Argininosuccinic aciduria Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency Citrullinemia N-Acetylglutamate synthase deficiency Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency/translocase deficiency

Transport/
IE of RTT

Other

Inborn error of lipid metabolism: dyslipidemia

Hyperlipidemia

Hypolipoproteinemia

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia/HDL	Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency Tangier disease
Hypobetalipoproteinemia/LDL	Abetalipoproteinemia Apolipoprotein B deficiency Chylomicron retention disease

Lipodystrophy

Barraquer–Simons syndrome

Other

Heme metabolism disorders

Porphyria,
hepatic and erythropoietic
(porphyrin)

early mitochondrial:	ALAD porphyria Acute intermittent porphyria
cytoplasmic:	Gunther disease/congenital erythropoietic porphyria Porphyria cutanea tarda/Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria
late mitochondrial:	Hereditary coproporphyria Harderoporphyria Variegate porphyria Erythropoietic protoporphyria

Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
(bilirubin)

unconjugated:	Gilbert's syndrome Crigler–Najjar syndrome Lucey–Driscoll syndrome
conjugated:	Dubin–Johnson syndrome Rotor syndrome

Inborn error of purine–pyrimidine metabolism

Purine metabolism

Anabolism	Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase Deficiency type 1
Nucleotide salvage	Lesch–Nyhan syndrome/Hyperuricemia Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Catabolism	Adenosine deaminase deficiency Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency Xanthinuria Gout Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome

Pyrimidine metabolism

Anabolism	Orotic aciduria Miller syndrome
Catabolism	Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency

Inborn errors of steroid metabolism

Mevalonate
pathway

HMG-CoA lyase deficiency

To cholesterol

desmosterol path: Desmosterolosis

Steroids

Corticosteroid
(including CAH)

aldosterone: Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism

Sex steroid

To androgens	17α-Hydroxylase deficiency 17,20-Lyase deficiency Cytochrome b₅ deficiency 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency 5α-reductase 2 deficiency Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias
To estrogens	Aromatase deficiency Aromatase excess syndrome

Other

v t e Metabolic disorders of vitamins, coenzymes, and cofactors
B7 Biotin/MCD	Biotinidase deficiency Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency
Other B	B5 (Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration) B12 (Methylmalonic acidemia)
Other vitamin	Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency
Nonvitamin cofactor	Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency Molybdenum cofactor deficiency

Pathology

Pain

By region/system

Head and neck	Eye strain Headache Neck Odynophagia (swallowing) Toothache
Respiratory system	Sore throat Pleurodynia
Musculoskeletal	Arthralgia (joint) Bone pain Myalgia (muscle) Acute Delayed-onset
Neurologic	Neuralgia Pain asymbolia Pain disorder Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder Allodynia Chronic pain Hyperalgesia Hypoalgesia Hyperpathia Phantom pain Referred pain Congenital insensitivity to pain congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis
Other	Pelvic pain Proctalgia Back Low back pain

Measurement and testing

Pathophysiology

Management

Related concepts

v t e Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
General	Dysautonomia Autonomic dysreflexia Autonomic neuropathy Pure autonomic failure
Hereditary	Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy Familial dysautonomia Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
Orthostatic intolerance	Orthostatic hypotension Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Other	Horner's syndrome Multiple system atrophy

Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases

Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE)

Foreign	Allergic asthma Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Anaphylaxis Atopic dermatitis Food allergy common allergies include: Egg Milk Peanut Seafood Soy Tree nut Wheat Penicillin allergy
Autoimmune	Autoimmune urticaria Eosinophilic esophagitis

Type II/ADCC

- IgG
- IgM

Foreign

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Autoimmune

Cytotoxic	Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Bullous pemphigoid Goodpasture syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever
"Type V"/receptor	Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia

Type III
(Immune complex)

Foreign	Arthus reaction Farmer's lung Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Reactive arthritis Serum sickness
Autoimmune	Lupus Rheumatoid arthritis Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Type IV/cell-mediated
(T cells)

Foreign	Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test
Autoimmune	Coeliac disease Giant cell arteritis Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis Type 1 diabetes
GVHD	Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease

Unknown/
multiple

Foreign	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Latex allergy (I+IV) Transplant rejection
Autoimmune	Autoimmune adrenalitis Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Sjögren syndrome Systemic autoimmune disease

v t e Phakomatosis
Angiomatosis	Sturge–Weber syndrome Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Hamartoma	Tuberous sclerosis Hypothalamic hamartoma (Pallister–Hall syndrome) Megalencephaly Multiple hamartoma syndrome Proteus syndrome Cowden syndrome Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome Lhermitte–Duclos disease
Neurofibromatosis	Type I Type II
Other	Abdallat–Davis–Farrage syndrome Ataxia telangiectasia Incontinentia pigmenti Peutz–Jeghers syndrome Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord · Vitamin B12 deficiency · Thymoma · Erdheim–Chester disease · Virchow's triad · Thrombosis · Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis · Congenital insensitivity to pain · Familial dysautonomia · Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy · Decompression sickness · Restless legs syndrome · Familial Mediterranean fever · Tuberous sclerosis · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]] · [[]]

Pharmacology

Antidotes (V03AB)

Nervous
system

Alcohol intoxication	Metadoxine Thiamine
Barbiturate overdose	Bemegride Ethamivan
Benzodiazepine overdose	Cyprodenate Flumazenil
GHB overdose	Physostigmine SCH-50911
Nerve agent / Organophosphate poisoning	Atropine^# Biperiden Diazepam^# Oximes Obidoxime Pralidoxime see also: Cholinesterase
Opioid overdose	Diprenorphine Doxapram Nalmefene Nalorphine Naloxone^# Naltrexone
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade	Sugammadex

Circulatory
system

Beta blocker	Glucagon
Digoxin toxicity	Digoxin immune fab
Anticoagulants	against direct Xa inhibitors (Andexanet alfa) against heparin (Protamine^#)

Other

Arsenic poisoning	Dimercaprol^# Succimer
Cyanide poisoning	4-Dimethylaminophenol Hydroxocobalamin nitrite Amyl nitrite Sodium nitrite^# Sodium thiosulfate^#
Hydrofluoric acid	Calcium gluconate^#
Methanol / Ethylene glycol poisoning	Primary alcohols: Ethanol Fomepizole
Paracetamol toxicity (Acetaminophen)	Acetylcysteine^# Glutathione Methionine^#
Toxic metals (cadmium lead mercury thallium)	Dimercaprol^# Edetates Prussian blue^#
Other	iodine-131 Potassium iodide Methylthioninium chloride^# oxidizing agent Potassium permanganate Prednisolone/promethazine

Emetic

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

· Tinnitus · Colchicine · Cadmium poisoning ·

Inorganic

Metals

Toxic metals	Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Thallium Tin
Dietary minerals	Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Zinc
Other non-toxic metals	Silver¹

Metalloids

Arsenic

Nonmetals

Organic

Phosphorus	Pesticides Aluminium phosphide Organophosphates
Nitrogen	Cyanide Nicotine Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
CHO	alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene

Pharmaceutical

Drug overdoses

Nervous	Alcohol Anticholinesterase Aspirin Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Cocaine Lithium Opioids Paracetamol Serotonergic substances Tricyclic antidepressants
Cardiovascular	Digoxin Dipyridamole

Vitamin poisoning

Biological²

Fish / Seafood	Ciguatera Haff disease Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Scombroid Shellfish poisoning Amnesic Diarrhetic Neurotoxic Paralytic
Other vertebrates	Amphibian Batrachotoxin Bombesin Bufotenin Physalaemin Birds Coturnism Mammal Snakes / Snake venom Alpha-Bungarotoxin Ancrod Batroxobin
Arthropods	Arthropod bites and stings Bee sting / Bee venom Apamin Melittin Scorpion venom Charybdotoxin spider venom Latrotoxin / Latrodectism Loxoscelism Tick paralysis
Plants / Fungi	Cinchonism Ergotism Fish toxins Lathyrism Locoism Mushroom Strychnine
Related topics	Bite and Stinger plant Cnidocyte Venomous animals Poisonous animals Deadly fungus Mycotoxicology

Miscellaneous

¹Silver is generally non-toxic metal, but in large doses it can lead to argyria, which is rare. ² including venoms, toxins, foodborne illnesses.
Category Commons WikiProject

· Hydroxyurea

Public Health

Veganism and vegetarianism

Perspectives

Veganism	Animal-free agriculture Black veganism Fruitarianism History Raw veganism Straight edge Hardline Nutrition Vegan organic agriculture Vegan school meal Vegan studies
Vegetarianism	Economic vegetarianism Environmental vegetarianism History Orthopathy Lacto vegetarianism Lacto-ovo vegetarianism Ovo vegetarianism Cuisine Vegetarian Diet Pyramid Ecofeminism Nutrition By country
Lists	Vegetarians Vegans Fictional characters Festivals Organizations Restaurants Vegan media

Ethics

Secular	Animal rights Animal welfare Carnism Deep ecology Environmental vegetarianism Ethics of eating meat Meat paradox Nonviolence Replaceability argument Sentientism Speciesism Tirukkuṟaḷ
Religious	Buddhism Christianity (Seventh-day Adventist Church) Hinduism Sattvic Ahimsa Islam Jainism Judaism Pythagoreanism Rastafari Sikhism Taoism

Food
and drink

Agave syrup
Chicken fillet roll
Coconut burger
Dairy alternatives
- Coconut milk
- Plant cream
- Plant milk
- Soy yogurt
- Cheese
Fruits
Grains
- cereals
- legumes
Gelatin substitutes
- Agar
- Carrageenan
- Gulaman
- Konjac jelly
- Microbial cellulose
Jambon
Meat alternative
- List of meat substitutes
Miso
Mochi
Mock duck
Nutritional yeast
Quinoa
Quorn
Seitan
Tempeh
Tofu
Tofurkey
Vegetables
Vegetarian bacon
Hot dog
Vegetarian mark
Sausage
Sausage roll
Beer
Wine
Veggie burger

Groups
and events

Vegan

Vegetarian

Companies

List of vegetarian and vegan companies

Books,
reports,
journals

On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
Vegetable Cookery (1812)
A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
Nature's Own Book (1835)
Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
The Pleasure Boat (1845)
The Ethics of Diet (1883)
What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
Figs or Pigs? (1896)
Fifty Years of Food Reform (1898)
Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
The Meat Fetish (1904)
The New Ethics (1907)
A Fleshless Diet (1910)
The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
Living the Good Life (1954)
Ten Talents (1968)
Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
Fit for Life (1985)
Diet for a New America (1987)
The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
The China Study (2005)
Skinny Bitch (2005)
Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
Eating Animals (2009)
Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
Animal (De)liberation (2016)
The End of Animal Farming (2018)
Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
Meat Atlas (annual)

Films and shows

The Animals Film (1981)
Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
A Cow at My Table (1998)
Meet Your Meat (2002)
Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
Earthlings (2005)
A Sacred Duty (2007)
Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
Planeat (2010)
Forks Over Knives (2011)
Vegucated (2011)
Live and Let Live (2013)
Cowspiracy (2014)
PlantPure Nation (2015)
What the Health (2017)
Carnage (2017)
Dominion (2018)
Eating You Alive (2018)
The Game Changers (2018)
Maa Ka Doodh (2023)
You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)

Magazines

Academics,
activists,
authors,
physicians

Vegan

Vegetarian

Chefs and
cookbook authors

Restaurants

Former restaurants

Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
Juice fasting
Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
Vegaphobia
Plant-based diet
Plant-based action plan
Sustainable diet
- Low-carbon
- Planetary health
Flexitarianism
- Pescetarianism
- Pollotarianism
- William Shurtleff and Akiko Aoyagi (The Book of Tofu)

Genetics

X-linked disorders

X-linked recessive
Immune	Chronic granulomatous disease (CYBB) Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia Hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 IPEX X-linked lymphoproliferative disease Properdin deficiency
Hematologic	Haemophilia A Haemophilia B X-linked sideroblastic anemia
Endocrine	Androgen insensitivity syndrome/Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy KAL1 Kallmann syndrome X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita
Metabolic	Amino acid: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency Oculocerebrorenal syndrome Dyslipidemia: Adrenoleukodystrophy Carbohydrate metabolism: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency Danon disease/glycogen storage disease Type IIb Lipid storage disorder: Fabry disease Mucopolysaccharidosis: Hunter syndrome Purine–pyrimidine metabolism: Lesch–Nyhan syndrome Mineral: Menkes disease/Occipital horn syndrome
Nervous system	X-linked intellectual disability: Coffin–Lowry syndrome MASA syndrome Alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome PHF8 Eye disorders: Color blindness (red and green, but not blue) Ocular albinism (1) Norrie disease Choroideremia Other: Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease SMAX2
Skin and related tissue	Dyskeratosis congenita Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) X-linked ichthyosis X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy
Neuromuscular	Becker muscular dystrophy/Duchenne Centronuclear myopathy (MTM1) Conradi–Hünermann syndrome Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1
Urologic	Alport syndrome Dent's disease X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Bone/tooth	AMELX Amelogenesis imperfecta
No primary system	Barth syndrome McLeod syndrome Smith–Fineman–Myers syndrome Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome Mohr–Tranebjærg syndrome Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome

X-linked dominant
X-linked hypophosphatemia Focal dermal hypoplasia Fragile X syndrome Aicardi syndrome Incontinentia pigmenti Rett syndrome CHILD syndrome Lujan–Fryns syndrome Orofaciodigital syndrome 1 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia

v t e Congenital abnormality syndromes
Craniofacial	Acrocephalosyndactyly Apert syndrome Carpenter syndrome Pfeiffer syndrome Saethre–Chotzen syndrome Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome Other Baller–Gerold syndrome Cyclopia Goldenhar syndrome Moebius syndrome Pierre Robin sequence
Short stature	1q21.1 deletion syndrome Aarskog–Scott syndrome Cockayne syndrome Cornelia de Lange syndrome Dubowitz syndrome Noonan syndrome Robinow syndrome Silver–Russell syndrome Seckel syndrome Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome Snyder–Robinson syndrome Turner syndrome
Limbs	Adducted thumb syndrome Holt–Oram syndrome Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome Nail–patella syndrome Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome Gastrulation/mesoderm: Caudal regression syndrome Ectromelia Sirenomelia VACTERL association
Overgrowth syndromes	Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome Benign symmetric lipomatosis Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome Neurofibromatosis type I Perlman syndrome Proteus syndrome Sotos syndrome Tatton-Brown–Rahman syndrome Weaver syndrome
Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl	Bardet–Biedl syndrome Laurence–Moon syndrome
Combined/other, known locus	2 (Feingold syndrome) 3 (Zimmermann–Laband syndrome) 4/13 (Fraser syndrome) 8 (Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, CHARGE syndrome) 12 (Keutel syndrome, Timothy syndrome) 15 (Marfan syndrome) 19 (Donohue syndrome) Multiple Fryns syndrome

McLeod syndrome · Erythropoietic protoporphyria · Prader-Willi syndrome · Angelman syndrome · Bardet-Biedl syndrome

Other

Tea and health · HIV and AIDS misconceptions · Tourette syndrome · Reinke's edema(it is swelling of vocal cords, caused by smoking, gastroesophageal reflux, hormonal changes such as hypothyroidism and chronic voice abuse, and patients have low-pitched, husky voices.)

Weird

Coprolalia ·

Other

Hypothermia · Hyperthermia · Hyperpyrexia · Fever · Rigor (medicine) · Russell's sign · [[]] · [[]]