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List of bridges in Iran

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Historical and architectural interest bridges

[edit]
Name Persian Distinction Length Type Carries
Crosses 		Opened Location Province Ref.
Band-e Kaisar
Caesar's dam		 بند قیصر National monument ID 78
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
World Heritage Site (2009)		 500 m (1,600 ft) Masonry
Dam bridge
Out of order
Karun
 3rd century Shushtar
32°03′15.2″N 48°50′54.5″E / 32.054222°N 48.848472°E / 32.054222; 48.848472 (Band-e Kaisar)		 Khuzestan [I 1]
[S 1]
[1]
[2]
Old Bridge of Dezful پل قدیم دزفول National monument ID 84 385 m (1,263 ft) Masonry
14 arches

Dez River
 3rd century Dezful
32°22′52.8″N 48°23′27.8″E / 32.381333°N 48.391056°E / 32.381333; 48.391056 (Old Bridge of Dezful)		 Khuzestan [I 2]
[S 2]
[3]
Pol-e Dokhtar Bridge [fa] پلدختر Build during the Sasanian era
Height : 30 m (98 ft)		 270 m (890 ft) Masonry
8 arches originally
Out of order
Qizil-Uzun
 3rd century Pol-e Dokhtar
33°09′36.8″N 47°42′56.3″E / 33.160222°N 47.715639°E / 33.160222; 47.715639 (Pol-e Dokhtar Bridge)		 Khuzestan [4]
Kavar Bridge [fa] پل کوار National monument ID 6034
Build during the Sasanian era		 125 m (410 ft) Masonry
6 arches originally
Out of order
Qare Aghaj
 3rd century Kavar
29°10′56.0″N 52°41′48.8″E / 29.182222°N 52.696889°E / 29.182222; 52.696889 (Kavar Bridge)		 Fars [S 3]
[5]
Kashkan Bridge پل کشکان
National monument ID 335		 300 m (980 ft) Masonry
12 arches originally
Out of order
Karkheh River
 Moradabad
33°35′17.0″N 47°52′56.8″E / 33.588056°N 47.882444°E / 33.588056; 47.882444 (Kashkan Bridge)		 Lorestan [I 3]
[S 4]
[6]
Shapuri Bridge پل شاپوری Build during the Sasanian era Masonry
28 arches originally
Out of order
 Khorramabad
33°28′03.9″N 48°20′19.7″E / 33.467750°N 48.338806°E / 33.467750; 48.338806 (Shapuri Bridge)		 Lorestan [I 4]
[S 5]
[6]
Gavmishan Bridge پل گاوميشان Build during the Sasanian era 175 m (574 ft) Masonry
Out of order
Karkheh River
 Halush
33°05′02.5″N 47°32′16.2″E / 33.084028°N 47.537833°E / 33.084028; 47.537833 (Gavmishan Bridge)		 Lorestan [I 5]
Kiz Bridge پل دختر میانه National monument ID 87
Span : 23.9 m (78 ft)		 Masonry
3 arches
Out of order
Qizil Üzan
 8th century Mianeh
37°19′27.1″N 47°49′06.3″E / 37.324194°N 47.818417°E / 37.324194; 47.818417 (Kiz Bridge)		 East Azerbaijan [I 6]
[S 6]
[7]
[8]
Shahrestan Bridge پل شهرستان National monument ID 889
Built during Seljuq dynasty		 140 m (460 ft) Masonry
13 arches
Footbridge
Zayanderud
 11th century Isfahan
32°37′37.3″N 51°43′03.5″E / 32.627028°N 51.717639°E / 32.627028; 51.717639 (Shahrestan Bridge)		 Isfahan [I 7]
[S 7]
[9]
First Khodaafarin Bridge پل خداآفرین Azerbaijan–Iran border 160 m (520 ft) Masonry
11 arches
Out of order
Aras
 12th century Khoda Afarin County - Cəbrayil
39°09′25.1″N 46°56′13.6″E / 39.156972°N 46.937111°E / 39.156972; 46.937111 (First Khodaafarin Bridge)		 East Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan		 [I 8]
Second Khodaafarin Bridge پل خداآفرین Azerbaijan–Iran border 120 m (390 ft) Masonry
15 arches
Footbridge
Aras
 13th century Khoda Afarin County - Cəbrayil
39°09′03.1″N 46°56′25.4″E / 39.150861°N 46.940389°E / 39.150861; 46.940389 (Second Khodaafarin Bridge)		 East Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan		 [I 8]
[S 8]
Marnan Bridge پل مارنان Built during the Safavid dynasty Masonry
17 arches
Footbridge
Zayanderud
 1599 Isfahan
32°38′28.9″N 51°38′36.2″E / 32.641361°N 51.643389°E / 32.641361; 51.643389 (Marnan Bridge)		 Isfahan [I 9]
[S 9]
Si-o-se-pol سی وسه پل National monument ID 110
Built during the Safavid dynasty		 298 m (978 ft) Masonry
33 arches (2 levels)
Dam bridge
Footbridge
Zayanderud
 1602 Isfahan
32°38′40.5″N 51°40′02.9″E / 32.644583°N 51.667472°E / 32.644583; 51.667472 (Si-o-se-pol)		 Isfahan [I 10]
[S 10]
[10]
Latidan Bridge [fa] پل لاتیدان Masonry
Out of order
Kul River
 1619 Nimeh Kar
27°11′39.2″N 55°45′00.4″E / 27.194222°N 55.750111°E / 27.194222; 55.750111 (Latidan Bridge)		 Hormozgan [I 11]
[S 11]
Khaju Bridge پل خواجو National monument ID 111
Built during the Safavid dynasty		 132 m (433 ft) Masonry
21 arches (2 levels)
Dam bridge
Footbridge
Zayanderud
 1650 Isfahan
32°38′12.6″N 51°40′59.9″E / 32.636833°N 51.683306°E / 32.636833; 51.683306 (Khaju Bridge)		 Isfahan [I 12]
[S 12]
[11]
Joubi Bridge پل جویی Built during the Safavid dynasty 147 m (482 ft) Masonry
21 arches
Footbridge
Zayanderud
 1665 Isfahan
32°38′16.8″N 51°40′38.8″E / 32.638000°N 51.677444°E / 32.638000; 51.677444 (Joubi Bridge)		 Isfahan [I 13]
[S 13]
[12]
Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge پل محمدحسن‌خان National monument ID 1414 140 m (460 ft) Masonry
9 arches

Babol Roud
 18th century Babol
36°31′27.1″N 52°39′50.5″E / 36.524194°N 52.664028°E / 36.524194; 52.664028 (Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge)		 Mazandaran [I 14]
[13]
[14]
Davazdah Cheshmeh پل دوازده چشمه Built during the Safavid dynasty 130 m (430 ft) Masonry
12 arches

Haraz River
 18th century Amol
36°28′17.5″N 52°21′21.9″E / 36.471528°N 52.356083°E / 36.471528; 52.356083 (Davazdah Cheshmeh)		 Mazandaran [S 14]
[13]
[14]
Adobe Bridge of Langarud [fa] پل خشتی لنگرود 37 m (121 ft) Masonry
2 arches

Langeroud river
 18th century Langarud
37°11′46.5″N 50°09′04.4″E / 37.196250°N 50.151222°E / 37.196250; 50.151222 (Adobe Bridge of Langarud)		 Gilan [15]
Maragha Bridge [fa] پل مردق National monument ID 7540
Built during the Safavid dynasty		 26 m (85 ft) Masonry
3 arches

Mardaq-Chay
 Maragheh
37°20′35.3″N 46°24′13.0″E / 37.343139°N 46.403611°E / 37.343139; 46.403611 (Maragha Bridge)		 East Azerbaijan [16]
Shapoor Bridge پل شاپور Built during the Qajar dynasty Masonry
2 arches

Otjun River
 Chaybagh
36°21′02.0″N 52°51′35.7″E / 36.350556°N 52.859917°E / 36.350556; 52.859917 (Shapoor Bridge)		 Mazandaran Province [13]
Miandoab Bridge [fa] پل میرزا رسول National monument ID 2068
Built during the Qajar dynasty		 52 m (171 ft) Masonry
5 arches
Out of order
Zarrineh River
 Miandoab
36°57′24.2″N 46°03′12.3″E / 36.956722°N 46.053417°E / 36.956722; 46.053417 (Miandoab Bridge)		 West Azerbaijan
Pol-e Siah پل سیاه اهواز National monument ID 2599 1,050 m (3,440 ft) Beam
Steel
Railway bridge
Karun
 1919 Ahvaz
31°19′57.8″N 48°40′50.0″E / 31.332722°N 48.680556°E / 31.332722; 48.680556 (Pol-e Siah)		 Khuzestan [S 15]
Veresk Bridge پل ورسک National monument ID 1534
Span : 66 m (217 ft)
Height : 110 m (360 ft)		 273 m (896 ft) Masonry
1 main arch, 10 secondary arches
Trans-Iranian Railway
 1936 Veresk
35°54′11.9″N 52°59′26.7″E / 35.903306°N 52.990750°E / 35.903306; 52.990750 (Veresk Bridge)		 Mazandaran [I 15]
[S 16]
Moalagh Bridge پل معلق آمل National monument ID 1524 140 m (460 ft) Arch
Concrete tied-arch

Haraz River
 1959 Amol
36°28′13.8″N 52°21′21.6″E / 36.470500°N 52.356000°E / 36.470500; 52.356000 (Moalagh Bridge)		 Mazandaran
Meshginshahr suspension bridge پل معلق مشگین‌شهر Span : 325 m (1,066 ft)
Height : 80 m (260 ft)		 Suspension
Steel
Footbridge
Khiav River
 2015 Meshginshahr
38°22′30.8″N 47°41′02.2″E / 38.375222°N 47.683944°E / 38.375222; 47.683944 (Meshginshahr suspension bridge)		 Ardabil [S 17]
[17]
Tabiat Bridge پل طبیعت 270 m (890 ft) Truss
Steel
Footbridge
Modarres Expressway
 2014 Tehran
35°45′15.5″N 51°21′13.6″E / 35.754306°N 51.353778°E / 35.754306; 51.353778 (Tabiat Bridge)		 Tehran [S 18]


Major bridges

[edit]
Name Persian Span Length Type Carries
Crosses 		Opened Location Province Ref.
Persian Gulf Bridge
under construction		 پل خلیج فارس 360 m (1,180 ft) (x3) 3,430 m (11,250 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel box girder deck, concrete pylons
(180+360+180)x3
Road-rail bridge
Clarence Strait
 Bandar e Pol - Qeshm Island
26°57′44.9″N 55°45′16.8″E / 26.962472°N 55.754667°E / 26.962472; 55.754667 (Persian Gulf Bridge)		 Hormozgan [18]
Karun 4 Arch Bridge پل قوسی کارون 4 300 m (980 ft) 378 m (1,240 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
Road 72 (Iran)
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-4 Dam)
 2015 Kabusi
31°38′28.9″N 50°29′22.7″E / 31.641361°N 50.489639°E / 31.641361; 50.489639 (Karun 4 Arch Bridge)		 Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari [19][20]
[21]

Sebalootak Bridge پل ترکه ای سه بلوطک 260 m (850 ft) 416 m (1,365 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
105+260+51
Road bridge
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)
 Zaras
31°35′26.6″N 50°16′31.1″E / 31.590722°N 50.275306°E / 31.590722; 50.275306 (Sebalootak Bridge)		 Khuzestan [22][23]
Lali Bridge پل لالی 256 m (840 ft) 460 m (1,510 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
Lali New Road
Karun
(reservoir of Upper Gotvand Dam)
 2011 Lali
32°15′49.3″N 49°04′40.9″E / 32.263694°N 49.078028°E / 32.263694; 49.078028 (Lali Bridge)		 Khuzestan [S 19]
[24]
[25]
Karun 3 Dam Bridge سد کارون 3 252 m (827 ft) 336 m (1,102 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
Road 72 (Iran)
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)
 2005 Bajool
31°46′55.0″N 50°07′07.1″E / 31.781944°N 50.118639°E / 31.781944; 50.118639 (Karun 3 Dam Bridge)		 Khuzestan [26]
Ghotour Bridge پل قطور 223 m (732 ft) 443 m (1,453 ft) Arch
Steel truss deck arch
Trans-Iranian Railway
Ghotour River
 1970 Khoy
38°28′40.8″N 44°46′06.4″E / 38.478000°N 44.768444°E / 38.478000; 44.768444 (Ghotour Bridge)		 West Azerbaijan [S 20]
Eighth Ahvaz Bridge پل هشتم 212 m (696 ft) 643 m (2,110 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
78+212+78
Road bridge
Karun
 2011 Ahvaz
31°18′50.4″N 48°40′18.4″E / 31.314000°N 48.671778°E / 31.314000; 48.671778 (Eighth Ahvaz Bridge)		 Khuzestan [S 21]
[27]
Karun 4 Cable-stayed Bridge پل ترکه ای کارون 4 210 m (690 ft) 380 m (1,250 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck and pylons
46+80+210+43
Road bridge
Pipeline bridge
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-4 Dam)
 2016 Morvari
31°44′49.0″N 50°23′34.6″E / 31.746944°N 50.392944°E / 31.746944; 50.392944 (Karun 4 Cable-stayed Bridge)		 Khuzestan [28]
Karun 3 Dam East Bridge سد کارون 3 160 m (520 ft) 213 m (699 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
Road 72 (Iran)
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)
 2005 Bajool
31°46′45.7″N 50°07′19.4″E / 31.779361°N 50.122056°E / 31.779361; 50.122056 (Karun 3 Dam East Bridge)		 Khuzestan [26]
Bahrami Bridge پل کابلی 150 m (490 ft) 675 m (2,215 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
72+150+72
Shushtar Bypass Road 39
Karun
 2006 Shushtar
32°02′02.1″N 48°49′19.7″E / 32.033917°N 48.822139°E / 32.033917; 48.822139 (Bahrami Bridge)		 Khuzestan [S 22]
[29]
[30][31]
Ninth Ahvaz Bridge پل نهم اهواز 150 m (490 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
80+150+80
Road bridge
Karun
 Ahvaz
31°21′49.0″N 48°41′14.5″E / 31.363611°N 48.687361°E / 31.363611; 48.687361 (Ninth Ahvaz Bridge)		 Khuzestan [32]
Mared Bridge پل مارد 144 m (472 ft) Arch
Steel tied arch
Road bridge
Karun
 2005 Khorramshahr
30°25′51.5″N 48°10′36.1″E / 30.430972°N 48.176694°E / 30.430972; 48.176694 (Mared Bridge)		 Khuzestan [33]
Seventh Ahvaz Bridge پل هفتم 140 m (460 ft) (x2) 490 m (1,610 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
75+140+140+75
Road bridge
Karun
 1998 Ahvaz
31°20′05.4″N 48°41′16.0″E / 31.334833°N 48.687778°E / 31.334833; 48.687778 (Seventh Ahvaz Bridge)		 Khuzestan [S 23]
[34]
White Bridge پل اهواز 136 m (446 ft) 501 m (1,644 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
136 and 130 m
Felestin Street - Taleghani
Karun
 1936 Ahvaz
31°19′25.2″N 48°40′36.3″E / 31.323667°N 48.676750°E / 31.323667; 48.676750 (White Bridge)		 Khuzestan [S 24]
[35]
Ghaziyan Bridge پل غازیان 125 m (410 ft) 275 m (902 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
50+125+75+25
Twin bridges
Road 49 (Iran)
Sefīd-Rūd
 2005 Bandar-e Anzali
37°27′55.7″N 49°28′05.5″E / 37.465472°N 49.468194°E / 37.465472; 49.468194 (Ghaziyan Bridge)		 Gilan [36]
Gotvand Bridge پل گتوند 125 m (410 ft) 260 m (850 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
67+125+67
Road bridge
Karun
 2009 Gotvand
32°15′38.7″N 48°50′00.7″E / 32.260750°N 48.833528°E / 32.260750; 48.833528 (Gotvand Bridge)		 Khuzestan [37]
Sevom Khordad Bridge پل سوم خرداد 120 m (390 ft) 300 m (980 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
30+30+60+120+60
Road bridge
Karun
 2005 Darkhoveyn
30°44′14.6″N 48°24′26.6″E / 30.737389°N 48.407389°E / 30.737389; 48.407389 (Sevom Khordad Bridge)		 Khuzestan [38]
Karun 1 Dam Bridge پل کارون 1 100 m (330 ft) 190 m (620 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
45+100+45
Road bridge
Karun
 2005 Eslamabad
32°02′06.1″N 49°36′34.7″E / 32.035028°N 49.609639°E / 32.035028; 49.609639 (Karun 1 Dam Bridge)		 Khuzestan [39]
Second Shushtar Bridge پل دوم شوشتر 100 m (330 ft) (x2) 700 m (2,300 ft) Arch
Steel tied-arch
100+30+76+30+100
Road bridge
Karun
 2011 Shushtar
32°02′57.7″N 48°50′09.8″E / 32.049361°N 48.836056°E / 32.049361; 48.836056 (Second Shushtar Bridge)		 Khuzestan [40]
Tale Zang Bridge پل راه آهن تله زنگ 100 m (330 ft) 215 m (705 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
65+100+50
Dorud-Andimeshk railway
Dez River
 2012 Tale Zang
32°49′31.5″N 48°45′53.3″E / 32.825417°N 48.764806°E / 32.825417; 48.764806 (Tale Zang Bridge)		 Khuzestan [41]
Urmia Lake Bridge پل میان‌گذر دریاچه ارومیه 100 m (330 ft) 1,414 m (4,639 ft) Arch
Steel tied-arch
Road 16 (Iran)
Lake Urmia
 Urmia - Aq Gonbad
37°47′35.8″N 45°22′27.7″E / 37.793278°N 45.374361°E / 37.793278; 45.374361 (Urmia Lake Bridge)		 West Azerbaijan
East Azerbaijan		 [42]


See also

[edit]
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

References

[edit]
  • Iran Tourism and Touring Organization. "List of Iranian bridges". itto.org.
  1. ^ "Band-e Kaisar (Shadorvan Bridge)".
  2. ^ "Dezful Old Bridge".
  3. ^ "Kashgan Bridge".
  4. ^ "Shapouri Bridge".
  5. ^ "Gavmishan Bridge".
  6. ^ "Dokhtar Bridge (Kiz Bridge)".
  7. ^ "Shahrestan Bridge".
  8. ^ a b "Khoda Afarin Bridge".
  9. ^ "Marnan Bridge".
  10. ^ "Sio Seh Pol Bridge".
  11. ^ "Latidan Bridge".
  12. ^ "Khajoo Bridge".
  13. ^ "Sa'adat Abad Bridge".
  14. ^ "Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge".
  15. ^ "Veresk Bridge".
  1. ^ "Band-e Kaisar".
  2. ^ "Old Dezful Bridge".
  3. ^ "Kavar Bridge".
  4. ^ "Kashkan Bridge".
  5. ^ "Shapuri Bridge".
  6. ^ "Dokhtar Bridge".
  7. ^ "Shahrestan Bridge".
  8. ^ "Khoda-Afarin Bridge (13th century)".
  9. ^ "Marnan Bridge".
  10. ^ "Allahverdi Khan Bridge".
  11. ^ "Latidan Bridge".
  12. ^ "Khaju Bridge".
  13. ^ "Joubi Bridge".
  14. ^ "Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge".
  15. ^ "Ahvaz Rail Bridge".
  16. ^ "Veresk Bridge".
  17. ^ "Meshginshahr Suspension Bridge".
  18. ^ "Tabiat Bridge".
  19. ^ "Lali Bridge".
  20. ^ "Ghotour Bridge".
  21. ^ "Eighth Ahvaz Bridge".
  22. ^ "Karoon River Bridge".
  23. ^ "Seventh Ahvaz Bridge".
  24. ^ "Sefid Bridge".
  • Others references
  1. ^ "Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System". whc.unesco.org.
  2. ^ "Shushtar". livius.org.
  3. ^ "Pul-i Qadim (Dizful), Dizful, Iran". archnet.org.
  4. ^ "Pol-e Dokhtar". livius.org.
  5. ^ "Kavar bridge". livius.org.
  6. ^ a b "Iran's Six Lesser-Known Historical Bridges". financialtribune.com. February 2015.
  7. ^ Prade, Marcel Le pont de la Jeune-Fille (Dokhtaré-Pol), sur le Kisi-Lou, p.203
  8. ^ "پل دختر ميانه". tabriz.ir - Tabriz Municipality (in Persian).
  9. ^ "Pul-i Shahristan, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  10. ^ "Pul-i Allahvardi Khan, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  11. ^ "Pul-i Khwaju, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  12. ^ "Pul-i Jui, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  13. ^ a b c Structural Identification of Bridges(Case Study: Mazandaran, Iran)
  14. ^ a b "Mazandaran - Historical Monuments". chnpress.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-23.
  15. ^ "آشنایی با پل خشتی لنگرود - گیلان". hamshahrionline.ir (in Persian).
  16. ^ "Maragheh Mardaq-Chay Bridge, Memorial of Safavid Era". mehrnews.com. Archived from the original on 2005-04-25.
  17. ^ "Mideast's tallest suspension bridge inaugurated in Meshkinshahr". iran-daily.com.
  18. ^ "The Project for Community-Based Sustainable Development Master Plan Of Qeshm Island Toward "Eco-Island" in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Qeshm Free Zone Organization - Japan International Cooperation Agency. January 2019.
  19. ^ https://harazrah.com/en/projects/bridges/ [bare URL]
  20. ^ "Arched bridge Karun IV". hexa.ir.
  21. ^ "Iran's Longest Arch Bridge Opens". financialtribune.com.
  22. ^ https://harazrah.com/en/projects/bridges/ [bare URL]
  23. ^ "Sebalootak Cable-Stayed Bridge". hexa.ir.
  24. ^ "Lali Bridge". hexa.ir.
  25. ^ "Lali Bridge - Lali, Iran". nck.ca.
  26. ^ a b "Karun III Bridge". hexa.ir.
  27. ^ "8th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
  28. ^ "Karun IV Cable-Stayed Bridge". hexa.ir.
  29. ^ "Inauguration sur la Karun" (PDF) (in French). Freyssinet. 2006. p. 5. ISSN 1761-8029.
  30. ^ "پايه هاي برق فشار متوسط از محدوده پل كابلي100 متر به عقب رانده شدند". Shushtarnews.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-30.
  31. ^ https://harazrah.com/en/projects/bridges/ [bare URL]
  32. ^ "9th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
  33. ^ "Mared Bridge". hexa.ir.
  34. ^ "7th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
  35. ^ "پل معلق (پل سفید) اهواز". degar.ir (in Persian).
  36. ^ "Ghaziyan Bridge". hexa.ir.
  37. ^ "Goutvand Bridge". hexa.ir.
  38. ^ "Sevom Khordad Bridge (Darquain)". hexa.ir.
  39. ^ "Karun I Bridge". hexa.ir.
  40. ^ "2nd Bridge of Shooshtar". hexa.ir.
  41. ^ "Tale Zang Bridge". hexa.ir.
  42. ^ "Oromieh Lake Bridge, Iran" (PDF). aaj.no. Aas-Jakobsen civil engineering consulting, Oslo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Prade, Marcel (1990). Les Grands Ponts du Monde : Ponts Remarquables Hors d'Europe (in French). Poitiers: Brissaud. ISBN 2-902170-68-8.
  • Shiraazi, K.; OstadiAsl, Z.; Sheikhloie, V.; Azami, A.; Hassanimehr, S. (2012). Traditionally Sustainability Analyses of Hydraulic-Architectural Bridge Construction in Iran. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.
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