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List of bridges in Finland

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This is a list of bridges and viaducts in Finland, including those for pedestrians and vehicular traffic.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

[edit]

The museum roads and bridges was established by the Finnish Road Administration (Finnish: Tiehallinto) that belongs to the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, in order to preserve the most historically valuable and representative parts of the road network as museum objects. There is a total of 22 roads (35 kilometres (22 mi)) and 37 bridges in the museum object collection.[1]

Name Finnish Distinction Length Type Carries
Crosses 		Opened Location Region Ref.
1 Tuovila Bridge [fi] Tuovilan silta Oldest road bridge still in use in Finland
Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 40		 93 m (305 ft) Masonry
3 arches
Road bridge
Laihianjoki
 1781 Vaasa
63°01′47.4″N 21°48′18.9″E / 63.029833°N 21.805250°E / 63.029833; 21.805250 (Tuovila Bridge)		 Ostrobothnia [2]
2 Etelänkylä Grand Bridge [fi] Etelänkylän isosilta Oldest wooden bridge still in use in Finland
Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 45		 77 m (253 ft) Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, masonry piers
Road bridge
Pyhäjoki (river)
 1837 Pyhäjoki
64°27′29.1″N 24°14′29.9″E / 64.458083°N 24.241639°E / 64.458083; 24.241639 (Etelänkylä Grand Bridge)		 North Ostrobothnia [S 1]
[3]
[4]
3 Old Haliko Bridge [fi] Halikon vanha silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 9		 75 m (246 ft) Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, masonry abutments
Former road bridge
Halikonjoki
 1866 Halikko
60°23′50.6″N 23°04′09.1″E / 60.397389°N 23.069194°E / 60.397389; 23.069194 (Old Haliko Bridge)		 Southwest Finland [T 1]
[5]
4 Tuira Bridge
demolished in 1948		 Tuiran silta Span : 45 m (148 ft) Arch
Wooden deck arch
Road bridge
Oulujoki
 1867 Oulu
65°01′16.4″N 25°28′03.8″E / 65.021222°N 25.467722°E / 65.021222; 25.467722 (Tuira Bridge)		 North Ostrobothnia [6]
[7]
5 Vantaankoski Bridge [fi] Vantaankosken silta Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, masonry abutments
Road bridge
Vantaa (river)
 1876 Vantaa
60°17′37.2″N 24°51′57.6″E / 60.293667°N 24.866000°E / 60.293667; 24.866000 (Vantaankoski Bridge)		 Uusimaa [8]
6 Pattijoki Bridge [fi] Pattijoen silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 42		 10 m (33 ft) Masonry
1 arch
Road bridge
Pattijoki
 1897 Pattijoki
64°41′34.4″N 24°34′18.2″E / 64.692889°N 24.571722°E / 64.692889; 24.571722 (Pattijoki Bridge)		 North Ostrobothnia [9]
7 Aunes Bridge [fi] Aunessilta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 17		 46 m (151 ft) Masonry
1 arch
Former road bridge
Aunessillansalmi
 1899 Kämmenniemi
61°37′51.5″N 23°50′15.2″E / 61.630972°N 23.837556°E / 61.630972; 23.837556 (Aunes Bridge)		 Pirkanmaa [S 2]
[10]
[11]
8 Savukoski Bridge [fi] Savukosken silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 21		 60 m (200 ft) Arch
Concrete tied arch
Former road bridge
Kymi (river)
 1927 Loviisa–Pyhtää
60°17′37.2″N 24°51′57.6″E / 60.293667°N 24.866000°E / 60.293667; 24.866000 (Savukoski Bridge)		 Uusimaa
Kymenlaakso		 [12]
9 Ponkila Bridge [fi] Ponkilan silta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 43		 71 m (233 ft) Suspension
Steel deck and pylons
Road bridge
Muhosjoki
 1931 Muhos
64°48′32.3″N 26°00′18.6″E / 64.808972°N 26.005167°E / 64.808972; 26.005167 (Ponkila Bridge)		 North Ostrobothnia [13]
10 Voikkaa old railway bridge Voikkaan vanha rautatiesilta Truss
Steel deck
footbridge
Former railway bridge
Kymi (river)
 1940 Kuusankoski Kymenlaakso
11 Säpilä Suspension Bridge [fi] Säpilän riippusilta Span : 127 m (417 ft) 164 m (538 ft) Suspension
Steel, wooden deck
Footbridge
Kokemäenjoki
 1950 Kokemäki
61°18′26.1″N 22°23′07.9″E / 61.307250°N 22.385528°E / 61.307250; 22.385528 (Säpilä Suspension Bridge)		 Satakunta
12 Ahmaskoski Bridge [fi] Ahmaskosken silta Span : 100 m (330 ft) 100 m (330 ft) Suspension
Steel, wooden deck
Footbridge
Oulujoki
 1957 Utajärvi
64°38′34.5″N 26°34′23.8″E / 64.642917°N 26.573278°E / 64.642917; 26.573278 (Ahmaskoski Bridge)		 North Ostrobothnia [S 3]
13 Mylly Bridge [fi] Myllysilta Listed bridge
Museosilta No. 5		 51 m (167 ft) Beam bridge
Wooden strut framed bridge, wooden piers

Vantaa (river)
 1966 Nurmijärvi
60°27′19.5″N 24°51′07.3″E / 60.455417°N 24.852028°E / 60.455417; 24.852028 (Mylly Bridge)		 Uusimaa [T 2]
[14]
14 Ylistö Bridge [fi] Ylistön silta Span : 112 m (367 ft) 208 m (682 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, steel pylons
Footbridge
Lake Jyväsjärvi
 1992 Jyväskylä
62°13′47.4″N 25°44′13.1″E / 62.229833°N 25.736972°E / 62.229833; 25.736972 (Ylistö Bridge)		 Central Finland [S 4]
[T 3]
15 Vihantasalmi Bridge [fi] Vihantasalmen silta 182 m (597 ft) Truss
Glued laminated timber
Road bridge
National road 5
Lake Lahnavesi
 1999 Mäntyharju
61°26′24.9″N 26°40′35.6″E / 61.440250°N 26.676556°E / 61.440250; 26.676556 (Vihantasalmi Bridge)		 South Savo [S 5]
[T 4]
[15]
16 Laukko Bridge [fi] Laukonsilta 150 m (490 ft) Cable-stayed
Concrete deck, 1 steel pylon
Footbridge
Tammerkoski
 2010 Tampere
61°29′37.6″N 23°45′37.6″E / 61.493778°N 23.760444°E / 61.493778; 23.760444 (Laukko Bridge)		 Pirkanmaa [S 6]
17 Crusell Bridge Crusellinsilta Span : 92 m (302 ft) 173 m (568 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, 1 steel pylon
Road bridge
Helsinki tram
(Line 8)
Ruoholahti
 2011 Helsinki
60°09′37.3″N 24°54′30.0″E / 60.160361°N 24.908333°E / 60.160361; 24.908333 (Crusell Bridge)		 Uusimaa [S 7]
[16]
18 Isoisänsilta Isoisänsilta Span : 144 m (472 ft) 170 m (560 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
Footbridge
Kruunuvuorenselkä
 2016 Helsinki
60°10′55.3″N 24°58′57.9″E / 60.182028°N 24.982750°E / 60.182028; 24.982750 (Isoisänsilta)		 Uusimaa [17]


Major road and railway bridges

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This table presents the structures with spans greater than 100 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Name Finnish Span Length Type Carries
Crosses 		Opened Location Region Ref.
1 Kruunuvuori Bridge [fi]
Crown Bridges
under construction		 Kruunuvuorensilta 260 m (850 ft)(x2) 1,191 m (3,907 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, 1 concrete pylon
260+260
Helsinki tram
(Lines 11 and 12)
Kruunuvuorenselkä
 2026 Helsinki–Laajasalo
60°10′26.3″N 25°00′08.8″E / 60.173972°N 25.002444°E / 60.173972; 25.002444 (Kruunuvuori Bridge)		 Uusimaa [S 8]
[18]
[19]
2 Replot Bridge Raippaluodon silta 250 m (820 ft) 1,045 m (3,428 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, concrete pylons
Regional road 724
Gulf of Bothnia
 1997 Replot–Vaasa
63°12′24.3″N 21°28′24.6″E / 63.206750°N 21.473500°E / 63.206750; 21.473500 (Replot Bridge)		 Ostrobothnia [S 9]
3 New Kirjalansalmi Bridge [fi]
project		 Kirjalansalmen uusi silta 250 m (820 ft) 673 m (2,208 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
100+250+100
Regional road 180
Kirjalansalmi
 Kaarina–Pargas
60°21′57.5″N 22°21′33.7″E / 60.365972°N 22.359361°E / 60.365972; 22.359361 (New Kirjalansalmi Bridge)		 Southwest Finland [20]
4 Kärkisten Bridge [fi] Kärkisten silta 240 m (790 ft) 787 m (2,582 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, concrete pylons
9x42+240+3x42
Regional road 610
Lake Päijänne
 1997 Korpilahti
61°59′54.2″N 25°40′35.0″E / 61.998389°N 25.676389°E / 61.998389; 25.676389 (Kärkisten Bridge)		 Central Finland [S 10]
[T 5]
[21]
5 Kirjalansalmi Bridge [fi] Kirjalansalmen silta 220 m (720 ft) 287 m (942 ft) Suspension
Steel truss deck, steel pylons
25+220+25
Regional road 180
Kirjalansalmi
 1963 Kaarina–Pargas
60°21′57.5″N 22°21′30.4″E / 60.365972°N 22.358444°E / 60.365972; 22.358444 (Kirjalansalmi Bridge)		 Southwest Finland [S 11]
[T 6]
6 Tähtiniemi Bridge Tähtiniemen silta 165 m (541 ft) 924 m (3,031 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, 1 steel pylon
National road 4
European route E75
Lake Ruotsalainen
 1993 Heinola
61°12′48.0″N 26°00′28.3″E / 61.213333°N 26.007861°E / 61.213333; 26.007861 (Tähtiniemi Bridge)		 Päijät-Häme [S 12]
[T 7]
[22]
7 Sääksmäki Bridge [fi] Sääksmäen silta 155 m (509 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
30+155+30
Regional road 130
Lake Vanajavesi
 1963 Sääksmäki
61°11′02.7″N 24°02′54.3″E / 61.184083°N 24.048417°E / 61.184083; 24.048417 (Sääksmäki Bridge)		 Pirkanmaa [S 13]
[T 8]
8 Sami Bridge Saamen silta 155 m (509 ft) 316 m (1,037 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck, steel pylons
National road 4
European route E75
Tana
 1993 Utsjoki–Tana
69°54′38.8″N 27°01′55.1″E / 69.910778°N 27.031972°E / 69.910778; 27.031972 (Sami Bridge)		 Lapland
 Norway		 [S 14]
[23]
9 Louhunsalmi Bridge [fi] Louhunsalmen riippusilta 140 m (460 ft) 178 m (584 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
15+18+140
Road bridge
Lake Päijänne
 1957 Säynätsalo Island–Lehtisaari Island
62°08′05.3″N 25°45′41.9″E / 62.134806°N 25.761639°E / 62.134806; 25.761639 (Louhunsalmi Bridge)		 Central Finland [S 15]
[24]
[25]
10 Saimaa Bridge [fi] Saimaan silta 140 m (460 ft) 762 m (2,500 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
55+90+140+90+55
Principal road 62
Lake Saimaa
Puumalansalmen
 1995 Puumala
61°31′07.6″N 28°10′32.3″E / 61.518778°N 28.175639°E / 61.518778; 28.175639 (Saimaa Bridge)		 South Savo [T 9]
[26]
11 Kirkonvarkaus Bridge [fi] Kirkonvarkauden silta 139 m (456 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
Principal road 62
Ukonvesi
 1967 Mikkeli
61°39′55.5″N 27°17′49.2″E / 61.665417°N 27.297000°E / 61.665417; 27.297000 (Kirkonvarkaus Bridge)		 South Savo [27]
12 Norrströmmen Bridge Norrströmmenin silta 135 m (443 ft) 310 m (1,020 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
30+80+135+65
Regional road 180
Norrströmmen
 1988 Nagu–Lillandet
60°10′48.9″N 21°55′51.7″E / 60.180250°N 21.931028°E / 60.180250; 21.931028 (Norrströmmen Bridge)		 Southwest Finland [S 16]
[T 10]
[28]
13 Färjsund Bridge [fi] Färjsundin silta 130 m (430 ft) 200 m (660 ft) Arch
Concrete deck arch
Road 2
Färjsundet
 1938 Saltvik–Finström
60°14′17.2″N 20°00′57.4″E / 60.238111°N 20.015944°E / 60.238111; 20.015944 (Färjsund Bridge)		 Åland [S 17]
[29]
14 Vehmersalmi Bridge Vehmersalmen silta 130 m (430 ft) 387 m (1,270 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
Regional road 536
Kallavesi
Suvasvesi
 2001 Kuopio
62°46′09.2″N 28°00′11.7″E / 62.769222°N 28.003250°E / 62.769222; 28.003250 (Vehmersalmi Bridge)		 North Savo [30]
[31]
15 Lumberjack's Candle Bridge [fi] Jätkänkynttilä 126 m (413 ft) 320 m (1,050 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel box girder deck, concrete pylons
40+42+126+2x42
Principal road 78
Kemijoki
 1989 Rovaniemi
66°30′10.4″N 25°44′33.2″E / 66.502889°N 25.742556°E / 66.502889; 25.742556 (Lumberjack's Candle Bridge)		 Lapland [S 18]
[32]
[33]
16 Hännilänsalmi Bridge [fi]
dismantled in 2010		 Hännilänsalmen riippusilta 125 m (410 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
National road 4
European route E75
Lake Keitele
 1962 Viitasaari
63°02′33.7″N 25°49′02.2″E / 63.042694°N 25.817278°E / 63.042694; 25.817278 (Hännilänsalmi Bridge)		 Central Finland [34]
17 Lapinlahti Bridge [fi] Lapinlahden silta 125 m (410 ft)(x3) 597 m (1,959 ft) Beam bridge
Steel
103+3x125+103
Länsiväylä
National road 51
Lauttasaarensalmi
 1965 Helsinki–Lauttasaari
60°09′58.0″N 24°53′33.1″E / 60.166111°N 24.892528°E / 60.166111; 24.892528 (Lapinlahti Bridge)		 Uusimaa [S 19]
[T 11]
18 Karisalmi Bridge [fi] Karisalmen silta 125 m (410 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
25+125+25
Regional road 314
Lake Päijänne
 1969 Asikkala
61°17′34.4″N 25°31′58.2″E / 61.292889°N 25.532833°E / 61.292889; 25.532833 (Karisalmi Bridge)		 Päijät-Häme [T 12]
19 Ison Pörrin Bridge Ison-Pörrin silta 120 m (390 ft) 120 m (390 ft) Arch
Steel tied arch
Bow-string bridge
Principal road 69
Aatunselkä
 Äänekoski
62°32′17.4″N 25°49′56.0″E / 62.538167°N 25.832222°E / 62.538167; 25.832222 (Ison Pörrin Bridge)		 Central Finland
20 Luukkaansalmi Bridge [fi] Luukkaansalmen silta 120 m (390 ft) 420 m (1,380 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
60+90+120+90+60
Road 4081
Lake Saimaa
 1989 Lappeenranta
61°04′46.4″N 28°15′04.9″E / 61.079556°N 28.251361°E / 61.079556; 28.251361 (Luukkaansalmi Bridge)		 South Karelia [S 20]
21 Toijansalmi Bridge Toijansalmen silta 120 m (390 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
Road bridge
Vehkasalonselkä
 2004 Taipalsaari
61°09′56.7″N 28°07′00.8″E / 61.165750°N 28.116889°E / 61.165750; 28.116889 (Toijansalmi Bridge)		 South Karelia [35]
22 New Jännevirta Bridge [fi] Jännevirran uusi silta 120 m (390 ft) 577 m (1,893 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
70+100+120+100+70
National road 9
Kallavesi
Juurusvesi–Akonvesi
 2018 Kuopio
62°58′16.1″N 27°49′47.6″E / 62.971139°N 27.829889°E / 62.971139; 27.829889 (New Jännevirta Bridge)		 North Savo [36]
23 Virta Bridge [fi] Virran silta 114 m (374 ft) Suspension
Steel girder deck, steel pylons
Regional road 362
Pyhäjärvi
Kirkkojärvi
 1964 Iitti
60°56′43.7″N 26°23′09.6″E / 60.945472°N 26.386000°E / 60.945472; 26.386000 (Virta Bridge)		 Kymenlaakso [37]
24 Lietvesi Bridge [fi] Lietveden silta 112 m (367 ft) 288 m (945 ft) Beam bridge
Twin girder, composite steel/concrete
88+112+88
Principal road 62
Lake Saimaa
Puumalansalmen
 1986 Puumala
61°33′05.3″N 27°57′44.3″E / 61.551472°N 27.962306°E / 61.551472; 27.962306 (Lietvesi Bridge)		 South Savo [S 21]
[38]
25 Hannula Bridge [fi] Hannulan silta 108 m (354 ft) 252 m (827 ft) Truss
Steel
Road bridge
Torne (Finnish and Swedish river)
 1939 Tornio
65°50′48.7″N 24°09′23.7″E / 65.846861°N 24.156583°E / 65.846861; 24.156583 (Hannula Bridge)		 Lapland [S 22]
[33]
26 Oulu Iron bridge [fi] Rautasilta 100 m (330 ft) 115 m (377 ft) Truss
Steel
Road bridge
Oulujoki
 1886 Oulu
65°01′21.1″N 25°29′46.5″E / 65.022528°N 25.496250°E / 65.022528; 25.496250 (Oulu Iron bridge)		 North Ostrobothnia [S 23]
27 Jännevirta Bridge [fi]
dismantled in 2018		 Jännevirran silta 100 m (330 ft) 226 m (741 ft) Arch
Steel tied arch
Bow-string bridge
National road 9
Kallavesi
Juurusvesi–Akonvesi
 1951 Kuopio
62°58′17.3″N 27°49′48.7″E / 62.971472°N 27.830194°E / 62.971472; 27.830194 (Jännevirta Bridge)		 North Savo [39]

Alphabetical list

[edit]

Notes and references

[edit]
  • "Suomen sillat - sivusto". Torsti.pp.fi - Bridges in Finland (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  1. ^ "Halikon vanha silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  2. ^ "Myllykosken museosilta". Archived from the original on 25 June 2016.
  3. ^ "Ylistön silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  4. ^ "Vihantasalmen uusi silta "honkahimmeli"". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  5. ^ "Kärkisten silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  6. ^ "Kirjalansalmen silta". Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
  7. ^ "Tähtiniemen silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  8. ^ "Sääksmäen silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  9. ^ "Saimaan silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  10. ^ "Norrströmmenin silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  11. ^ "Lapinlahden silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  12. ^ "Karinsalmen silta". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  1. ^ "Etelänkylän Isosilta".
  2. ^ "Aune Bridge".
  3. ^ "Ahmaskoski Bridge".
  4. ^ "Ylistö Footbridge".
  5. ^ "Vihantasalmi Bridge".
  6. ^ "Laukonsilta".
  7. ^ "Crusell Bridge".
  8. ^ "Kruunuvuori Bridge".
  9. ^ "Replot Bridge".
  10. ^ "Kärkistensalmi Bridge".
  11. ^ "Kirjalansalmi Bridge".
  12. ^ "Tähtiniemi Bridge".
  13. ^ "Sääksmäki Bridge".
  14. ^ "Sami Bridge".
  15. ^ "Louhunsalmi Suspension Bridge".
  16. ^ "Norrströmmen Bridge".
  17. ^ "Färjsund Bridge".
  18. ^ "Lumberjack's Candle Bridge".
  19. ^ "Lapinlahti Bridge".
  20. ^ "Luukkaansalmi Bridge".
  21. ^ "Lietvesi Bridge".
  22. ^ "Tornionjoki Bridge".
  23. ^ "Rautasilta".
  • Others references
  1. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.7
  2. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.128
  3. ^ Konttijärvi, Eija (1987). Pyhäjoen Etelänkylän - isonsillan historia [The history of Pyhäjoki Etelänkylä - the big bridge] (PDF) (in Finnish). Central Ostrobothnia road and water construction district. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.142
  5. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.46
  6. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.395
  7. ^ "Muinaiset sillat Oulussa - Tuiran väylän vanha silta purettiin räjäyttämällä" [Ancient bridges in Oulu - The old bridge of Tuira väylä was demolished by blowing up]. Kaleva.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  8. ^ Vantaankosken Mylly [Vantaankoski Mill] (PDF) (in Finnish). 7 June 2022. p. 11. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.135
  10. ^ Karola, O. (February 1988). "Kaitavesi Bridge, Tampere (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20904. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.95
  12. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.62
  13. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.137
  14. ^ Liimatainen, 2007, p.39
  15. ^ Fortino, Stefania; Hradil, Petr; Metelli, Giovanni (September 2019). Moisture-induced stresses in glulam beams of timber bridges. Case-study: Vihantasalmi Bridge (PDF). VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.405
  17. ^ "Vuoden silta 2017 on Isoisänsilta" [The bridge of the year 2017 is Isoisänsilta] (PDF). Helsingin - Rakennusmestarit ja -insinöörit - Helsinki Association of Architects and Engineers (in Finnish). Vol. 4. 2017. p. 6. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Kruunusillat - Raitiotieyhteys Laajasaloon [Crown bridges - Tram connection to Laajasalo] (in Finnish). Kruunusillat, City of Helsinki, WSP, Knight Architects. 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2022. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  19. ^ "Kruunuvuori Bridge". Wsp.com. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  20. ^ "Mt 180 Kirjalansalemn silta - Yleissuunnitelma" [Mt 180 Kirjalansalem bridge - General plan] (PDF). Vayla.fi (in Finnish). Elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus. 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  21. ^ "Kärkisten silta" [Kärkisten Bridge]. Alk.tiehallinto.fi (in French). Archived from the original on 20 January 2016.
  22. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.402
  23. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.403
  24. ^ "Louhunsalmen riippusilta" [Louhunsalmi suspension bridge]. Jyvaskyla.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  25. ^ Suositukset vesistösiltojen - kulkuaukkojen vähimmäismitoks, 1984, p.101
  26. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.398
  27. ^ Aitta, 2004, p.229
  28. ^ Nieminen, Jouni; Karri, Juhani (February 1988). "The Norrströmmen Bridge, Nauvo (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20901. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  29. ^ Nieminen, Jouni; Rautakorpi, Heikki (February 1988). "Widening of arch bridge Färjsund in Åland (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20902. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  30. ^ "Silta yli salmen" [Bridge over the strait]. Jukola.com (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  31. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.399
  32. ^ Kettunen, A.; Järvenpää, E. (February 1988). "Kemijoki River Bridge at Rovaniemi (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20903. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  33. ^ a b Chen, Duan, 2014, p.400
  34. ^ "Hännilänsalmen sillan purkutyöt päätökseen" [The demolition of the Hännilänsalmi bridge has been completed]. Yle.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  35. ^ Chen, Duan, 2014, p.397
  36. ^ Iso-Junno, Tarmo (2017). Jännevirran sillan väsymismitoitus mitatulla liikennekuormalla [Fatigue design of the Jännevirta bridge with measured traffic load] (PDF) (in Finnish). Teknillinen tiedekunta. Retrieved 6 December 2022. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  37. ^ Aitta, 2004, p.228-229
  38. ^ Hyvönen, J. (February 1988). "Lietvesi Bridge, Puumala (Finland)". IABSE structures - Structures in Finland. Vol. 12. doi:10.5169/seals-20905. ISSN 0377-7286. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  39. ^ Valtatie 9:n parantaminen Jännevirran sillan kohdalla -hankkeen loppuesite [Final brochure of the project "Improving highway 9 at the Jännevirta bridge] (PDF) (in Finnish). Liikennevirasto. November 2018. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

See also

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Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

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Further reading

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