Western Daly languages
Appearance
Western Daly | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Daly River region, northern Australia |
Linguistic classification | One of the world's primary language families |
Subdivisions | |
Language codes | |
Glottolog | west2434 |
The Daly languages (color), among the other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey) | |
Western Daly |
The Western Daly languages are a small family of Australian aboriginal languages that share common grammatical forms. They are:
- Western Daly
- Maranunggu (Emmi; Menhthe dialect)
- Marrithiyel (Bringen: Marri Ammu, Marritjevin, Marridan, Marramanindjdji dialects)
- Marri Ngarr (Magati-ge dialect)
Vocabulary
[edit]The following basic vocabulary items are from Tryon (1968).[1]
no. | gloss | Tangural | Marengar | Nganygit | Marithiel | Maretyabin | Maredan | Manda | Ame | Maranunggu | Maramanandji |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | head | piye | ᵽuŋïdït | piye | piye | piye | piye | piya | piyæ | piya | pœye |
2 | hair | pimær | mar | pimæR | pimæR | pimɛr | pimær | mæR | mæR | mæR | maR |
3 | eyes | mïre | mi | mïre | mïre | mïre | mïre | mɔ | mïre | mïre | mïre |
4 | nose | yæn | yɛn | yæn | yæn | yæn | yæn | yin | yiɳ | yin | yæn |
5 | ear | čæŋe | taŋe | čæŋe | čæŋe | čæŋe | čæŋe | čæŋe | čæŋe | čæŋe | čaŋe |
6 | tooth | diyæR | dæR | diyær | diyær | diyær | diyær | diR | diR | diR | dær |
7 | tongue | ŋalðïreðïre | ŋïnïnïŋ | ŋalðïreðïre | ŋalðïreðïre | ŋalðïreðïre | ŋalðïreðïre | ŋaldïre | ŋaldïre | ŋaldïredïre | ŋalŋɛɲaŋ |
8 | shoulder | kaRe | kaRe | kaRe | kaRe | tæbæræn | kaRe | mïnmæ | kaRa | kaRa | kaRe |
9 | elbow | pipæn | pipæn | pipæn | pipæn | pipen | pipæn | pœndœr | pœndur | pœndœr | ᵽipæn |
10 | hand | punde | punde | punde | punde | punde | mure | neyuŋgɔ | nuŋgɔ | neyuŋgur | mure |
11 | breasts | yæŋe | yæŋe | yæŋe | yæŋe | yæŋe | yæŋe | yiŋe | yiŋe | yiŋe | yæŋe |
12 | back | tade | tade | tade | tade | tade | ʈade | tade | dædi | dæde | tade |
13 | belly | maɖe | maRe | wuyan | maɖe | maɖe | maɖe | mare | mari | dluR | maɖe |
14 | navel | tædir | čædɛR | tædɛR | tædir | tædir | tædir | tïdiR | tidiR | tɛdɛR | čædir |
15 | heart | mïrerïm | mïrerïm | mïrerïm | mïrerïm | mïrerïm | mïrerïm | miriǰun | mïrœǰœn | miriǰun | mardečæmbɛr |
16 | urine | wïǰɛde | wiɖe | wuǰïde | wuyɛde | wïjɛde | wiyeɖe | aǰawa | aǰawa | aǰawa | wirte |
17 | excrete | wiyæn | wæn | wuyan | wuyan | wuyæn | wuyæn | wun | wun | wun | pænmœr |
18 | thigh | puwa | ᵽa | lambɔ | puwa | puwa | puwa | lumbɔ | lumbɔ | taR | ᵽa |
19 | leg | wœraŋ | waŋ | wuraŋ | wuraŋ | wuraŋ | wuraŋ | taR | aRa | aRa | wuraŋ |
20 | knee | pæŋge | pæŋge | pæŋge | pæŋge | pæŋge | pæŋge | piŋgar | pïŋgaR | pïŋgara | ᵽœræŋge |
21 | foot | pære | ᵽære | pære | pæRe | pære | pære | kumbu | kumbɔ | kumbu | ᵽære |
22 | skin | dærepïre | ʈadebe | dærepïre | dærepïre | dærepïre | dærepïri | dærepoyɲ | dæreƀïriɲ | dærepïriɲ | ædædeᵽïre |
23 | fat | naye | alayiR | laye | anaye | anaye | anaye | rare | ræri | rære | adluŋar |
24 | blood | wuRkïrïm | wuRkïrïm | wulkïrïm | wulkïrïm | wulkïrïm | wulkïrïm | wulkïrïm | purwur | purwur | wulkïrïm |
25 | bone | mowa | balkum | mowa | amowa | mowa | mowa | mɔ | mɔ | mɔ | amma |
26 | man | mære | mamæ | mære | mære | mære | mære | kandɔ | kandœr | kandɔ | maRe |
27 | woman | mukɔ | mɔmɔ | mukɔ | mukɔ | mukɔ | mukɔ | mukɔ | mukɔ | pægɔ | ᵽæke |
28 | father | teða | yita | teða | tiða | čeða | tiga | nila | nila | nila | ŋaða |
29 | mother | kïla | kila | killa | kïdla | kïdla | kidla | agila | ala | ala | ala |
30 | grandmother | maŋga | maŋga | maŋga | maŋga | maŋga | maŋga | maŋgale | makale | mæŋgale | maŋga |
31 | policeman | dukŋanan | dukŋanan | dukŋanan | dukŋanan | dukŋanan | dukŋanan | dæR | dæR | dukyaŋana | duknïne |
32 | spear | čænde | čande | čande | čænde | čænde | čænde | čïnda | čïnda | čïnda | čænde |
33 | woomera | kalan | kalan | kalan | manbuk | kalan | manbuk | mænbuk | mænbœk | manbuk | purɛnǰɛč |
34 | boomerang | kuɲïŋïɲ | wïnǰiŋgiɲ | kunǰïŋïɲ | kunǰuŋuɲ | kunǰuŋuɲ | kunǰuŋuɲ | wïɲiŋgïɲ | wiɲiŋgiɲ | wïɲïŋgïɲ | wïɲïŋgïɲ |
35 | nullanulla | magulpe | yæleðawaR | pæmbæl | magulbe | magulbɔ | magulpe | mïčïwuR | mitiwuR | magulba | magulᵽa |
36 | hair-belt | pimæR | maR | pimæR | pimæR | pimɛr | pimæR | mæR | kurarɛR | mæR | maR |
37 | canoe | čaiwɔ | čarɔ | wutïŋge | čalwɔ | wutïŋge | čalwɔ | wutïŋge | wutïŋgi | čalwɔ | čalwɔ |
38 | axe | malawuR | malawuR | malawuR | malawuR | malawuR | malawuR | malawuR | pïriri | mæmæ | malawuR |
39 | dilly bag | wuRgïde | wiride | wuRgïde | wuRgïde | wungïde | wungïde | wargade | waRgade | waRgïde | wurgïde |
40 | fire | čænǰe | čænǰe | čænǰe | čænǰe | čænǰe | čænǰe | yimiɲ | yimiɲ | yimiɲ | čanǰe |
41 | smoke | taŋgade | wanɛrɛk | čamɔ | čamɔ | čamɔ | čamɔ | čumɔ | čumɔ | čomɔ | čanǰamɔ |
42 | water | wude | wurde | wude | wude | wude | wude | wuda | wuda | wuda | wurde |
43 | cloud | wæŋe | wæŋe | wæŋe | wæŋe | wæŋe | wæŋe | pœra | pœræ | wœŋœ | wæŋe |
44 | rainbow | tædemæl | aʈademær | tædimæl | adademæl | apulipuli | aʈædimæl | taRwæn | dædimæn | pulipuli | čɛrwïn |
45 | barramundi | amade | amade | čandawure | amade | amade | amade | made | madi | made | æmæde |
46 | sea | puraŋaŋ | kïčæR | puraŋaŋ | pureŋaŋ | puraŋaŋ | puraŋaŋ | pœRmæ | wutaR | wutaR | wurde nædær |
47 | river | diyære | wurde punde | pundæǰe | pædær | pædær | pædær | paŋande | pæra | pædær | pædær |
48 | stone | karɛlla | karala | karella | karɛdla | karɛdla | karella | ŋurin | ŋuRwin | karawala | karawala |
49 | ground | pïdlak | ᵽœrak | pidlak | pïdlak | pïdlak | pïdlak | mæɳær | mænæR | pïdlam | wæɲir |
50 | track | tæmæreduk | mure kunduk | pære | nælæn | pære | tæmbæde | ænmæ | ænmæ | æmæ | nælæn |
51 | dust | pænne | ᵽænne | pæɳe | pænne | pænne | pænne | wuɲir | pœnœ | pœnœ | ᵽænne |
52 | sun | pande | ᵽande | pande | pande | pande | pande | kæɲmær | kaɲmæR | keyïk | ᵽande |
53 | moon | pïŋgal | mïrærmïn | pïŋgal | pïŋgal | pïŋgal | pïŋgal | piŋgal | pïŋgal | alamuɲ | ᵽïŋgal |
54 | star | wïdle | wïdle | wïdle | wïdle | wïdle | wïdle | pænæɲaba | pænænǰibæ | mœrœ | yæwi |
55 | night | niče | niče | čuwaŋanan | čuwaŋanan | čuwaŋanan | niče | ŋupæl | ŋupæl | ŋupær | niče |
56 | tomorrow | ničiŋane | ničiŋane | ničiŋane | ničiŋane | ničïŋane | ničiŋane | yaruŋoya | yæruŋoya | yære | ničiŋane |
57 | today | yæŋe | yæŋe | nïmbene | yæŋe | yæŋe | yæŋe | yaŋɔ | yaŋɔ | kuǰala | yaŋe |
58 | big | kapïdl | kïdlïŋa | kapïl | kapïdl | kapïl | kapïl | ᵽal | dukanǰiye | puwal | kapïl |
59 | possum | poyïre | aƀɔ | puyïre | apoyïre | abwiyɛre | abwiyɛre | paraɲ | paraɲ | paɲ | aᵽïri |
60 | dog | wačæn | wačan | wačan | wæčan | wačæn | wayčan | mičirim | mïčirim | mi | yidïn |
61 | tail | yære | yære | yare | yære | ayære | yære | yire | yire | yire | yære |
62 | meat | awɔ | awɔ | awɔ | awɔ | awɔ | awɔ | awa | awa | awa | awɔ |
63 | snake | akowan | akwan | kabul | amalïka | amalika | amalika | damunu | dæminæ | awamala | æmæle |
64 | red kangaroo | waǰuwaraŋ | awardewaŋ | pœraŋ | awæǰuwuraŋ | awaduwuraŋ | awaduwuraŋ | manaRk | manaRk | manaRk | ayɛme |
65 | porcupine | mirïde | amɛrïde | mïrïde | amɛrïde | amɛrïde | æmɛrïde | mobunïŋga | nïminïŋač | mænɛŋɛč | æmɛrïde |
66 | emu | mučir | amučir | mučir | amučir | amučir | amučir | ŋurǰe | ŋurǰe | ŋurǰe | kumurunǰɛn |
67 | crow | awak | awak | wak | awak | awak | awak | wak | wak | awawak | amœlkir |
68 | goanna | mundïŋïr | awoyidl | mundɛŋɛr | ämandeŋɛr | amundeŋir | amundiŋir | ŋaran | ŋaRan | ŋaran | amoyčɛŋɛr |
69 | blue tongue lizard | wiyære | awære | wiyare | awiyære | awiyære | awiyære | wiri | wiRi | wure | æƀære |
70 | mosquito | wïnŋadl | aǰimbæk | wïnŋal | awïnŋadl | awïnŋal | awïnŋal | pute | pute | pɔte | aƀuče |
71 | sugar-bag | čæmæræ | awapïn | čamara | čæmæRæ | čæmæræ | čæmæræ | kogun | kogun | kogun | ᵽiŋgïlǰa |
72 | camp | nidin | wuye | nidin | nidin | nidin | nidïn | yœya | yœya | wœwæ | yïdlïbe |
73 | black | čikïm | čikam | čïkïm | čïkïm | čikïm | čikïm | čuŋara | čuŋara | čipmæ | čikïm |
74 | white | bogam | bogam | pæǰir | bogam | bogam | abogam | bi | bi | kaɲaboy | kïŋïpboy |
75 | red | čïdïnwïdl | panetiRŋar | wurewure | wurewure | wurewure | kanetïrŋal | wurewure | wurewure | woyčpïn | birkïm |
76 | one | ŋïnǰe | ŋïnǰe | ŋïnge | ŋïnǰe | ŋïnǰe | ŋïnǰe | ŋande | ŋandi | ŋanðawaɲ | ŋænǰeƀæ |
77 | two | čičukune | čičuk | čičukune | čičukune | čičukune | čičukune | meyida | meyiǰa | meyïdiɲ | ᵽiɲɛde |
78 | when? | kumænbæ | kumænbæ | kumænbæ | kumunbæ | kumænbæ | kumænbæya | mœndœnœ | mœndœ | mœndœtɔ | kumïnbæ |
79 | what? | nïnǰæ | yipæ | anǰa | nïnǰa | ninǰæ | ninǰæ | mændæ | æme | anǰe | mananǰe |
80 | who? | ŋïnïmbæ | ŋïnïmbæ | ŋïnïmba | ŋïnïmba | ŋïnïmba | yïnïmba | amba | aƀa | aba | kïnïmbæ |
81 | I | yegɛn | yin | yegɛn | yigɛn | yegɛn | yegɛn | ŋaɲ | ŋæɲ | ŋaɲ | yegɛn |
82 | you | naɲ | niɲ | naɲ | naɲ | naɲ | naɲ | nina | nina | nina | naɲ |
83 | he | naŋ | naŋ | naŋǰe | naŋ | naŋ | naŋ | nuŋɔ | nagurin | nanguɲ | naŋ |
84 | grass | palle | ᵽare | palle | wære | wære | wære | yœrœ | yœrœ | wœrœ | wære |
85 | vegetable food | miye | miye | miye | miye | miye | miye | miya | miya | meya | meye |
86 | tree | tawuR | tawuR | tawuR | tawuR | tawuR | tawuR | tæwæR | tawaR | tawaR | θawuR |
87 | leaf | marir | marir | muliŋe | mulïŋe | mulïŋe | muliŋe | kalgal | kalgal | kalgal | yirɛn |
88 | pandanus | miɖæn | miɖæn | mïɖan | miɖæn | miɖan | čaŋača | yaRa | yæRa | yæRa | čiŋe |
89 | ironwood | mawuɲ | čœwe | mawuɲ | mawuɲ | mawuɲ | mawuɲ | mawuɲ | mawuɲ | mawuɲ | mawuɲ |
90 | ripe | wiyæɲme | wæɲme | woyaɲme | wuyæɲme | woyaɲme | wiyæɲme | wuɲmæ | wuɲmæ | wuɲmɔ | miƀæŋmïr |
91 | good | kate | kate | kate | kate | kate | kate | nadla | nælæ | nadla | agate |
92 | bad | wïnǰæne | wïnǰæn | wïnǰæne | wïnǰæne | wïnǰæne | winǰæne | wæǰir | wæǰir | wærɛk | wurak |
93 | blind | kulluk | mïdle | kulluk | kudlïk | kudlïk | kudlïk | piyamɔ | kulluk | kuluk | mïričara |
94 | deaf | ŋamama | ambutaŋ | ŋamama | ŋamama | ŋamama | ŋamama | ŋæmæmæ | ŋamæmæ | ŋæmæmæ | ŋamama |
95 | saliva | čidærwil | wurdenaŋar | čïdalwidl | čidalwïdl | čidalwïl | čidalwïl | diribæl | dirƀæl | diralk | čædalue |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Tryon, Darrell T. "The Daly River Languages: A Survey". In Aguas, E.F. and Tryon, D. editors, Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 3. A-14:21-49. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. doi:10.15144/PL-A14.21
- Tryon, D. T. (1968). "The Daly River languages: a survey". Papers in Australian Linguistics. 3: 21–36.
- Tryon, D. T. (1974). Daly family languages, Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.