Limilngan language
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| Limilngan | |
|---|---|
| Limil, Manadja, Minitji | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory |
| Ethnicity | Limilngan (aka Buneidja) |
| Extinct | 2009 |
Darwin Region
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lmc |
| Glottolog | nucl1327 |
| AIATSIS[1] | N42 |
| ELP | Limilngan |
Limilngan, also known as Limil and Manidja (also spelt Manitja), is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language of the Top End of Australia.
Names and ownership
[edit]The language as well as its speakers are known by three names: Limilngan, Limil and Manidja / Manitja, the latter being an exonym.[1]
Buneidja is regarded as the same language, and the people are sometimes referred to by this name.[1]
Traditional lands
[edit]Limilngan was spoken in the Darwin hinterland, in the Mary River (Northern Territory) area of Kakadu.[1]
Phonology
[edit]| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Stop | b/p | ɡ/k | ɟ/c | d/t | ɖ/ʈ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| Lateral | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Rhotic | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | ||
The Limilngan language uses the three vowel system; /a/, /i/, /u/. The three sounds can result in allophones as [ɑ, æ], [ɪ], and [ʊ].[2]
Vocabulary
[edit]Limilngan plant and animal names:[2]
Animals
[edit]English gloss Limilngan animal lulayi bandicoot urugalitjbagi cattle bulikgi dingo dimarrkginyan dog ngiliyi dugong anmat dumuligan echidna mumuligan mamban flying fox (black) mumalingan flying fox (red) lumarninyan damban horse nandu kangaroo anmat dumuligan mouse liyil native cat dirdatj native cat gitjbi damban old man kangaroo madlingi minyayan possum lulikbi dinyayan sugar glider marnijurrkgurrk tree rat luwarli wallaby (agile) bungal minyayan wallaby (short-eared rock) itbilinyngan wallaroo (black) lunybim black-headed python iwirli black whipsnake lamurr blue tongue lizard mimiluk minyayan Burton's legless lizard laminy dagiyan carpet snake irrun damban crocodile latdinyayan death adder iyatdururr file snake bitjjurnurnu freshwater crocodile linan dirrinyan frill-necked lizard lam goanna sp. mirtbinalk mamban goanna sp. birnirriny goanna limiji damban golden tree snake lagun keelback snake limin biyal king brown snake alinyman dinyayan lizard sp. badambip lizard sp. lanay lizard sp. liminalk lizard sp. minyim binyayan long-necked turtle lulayk MacLeay's water snake (Pseudoferania polylepis) layi olive python lumuwat dumuligan short-necked turtle lamuk dikbugan skink imin mirlarli slaty-grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus) lambirli turtle leg milingbi water goanna ngugun dagiyan water snake lambugay western brown snake iyaturu bird sp. jitbulkbulk bird sp. luwutjgi bittern nawarral black cockatoo lurrilmal black kite limin binal brolga lurrilyarr bustard dumugarnyi butcherbird minbulungbulung comb-crested jacana liyiny cormorant (large species) lumuwulkbarl crow lagurr curlew girriluk ~ limiluk darter iminy dove guluduk eagle (white-bellied sea) imbinyman eagle (wedge-tailed) malungan egg umunngayan egret lurliny emu langitj feather lumulkban flycatcher wijit galah bilarrkbilarrk goose lamay jabiru larryal jungle fowl larnmingi dinyayan kookaburra lirrgi long-tailed finch mawitjbitj magpie jilalarr magpie-lark liwitjbut masked lapwing barrapbarrap mopoke gumitgumitgan native hen bibarrk owl mukmuk ilamirl parrot (red-winged) miyilarrk pelican marninyi mambirri pheasant mambarr birrinyan pigeon (Torresian imperial) lalkgi plover gurlawirtwirt pygmy goose laliny quail ligi rainbow bee-eater malarr tern larnung dirrinyngan ~ liwirarr dinyayan whistling duck (plumed) laminyanbarr whistling duck (wandering) danyarnngi whistling kite limarrambi white cockatoo ditjgan white-throated grasswren lamugarn willy wagtail jigirritj-jigirritj wing larnung barramundi diyan diminyan black bream luwitjbarl catfish gurdumardi crab makbangi dinyayan crab makbangi majan eel imilung dajan fish iwan frog sp. bagartbagart garfish jukjuk ilamirl longbam wugul-wugul mangrove oyster ulikbily manta ray langinyngan mermaid marung mullet ilyiwin muluman mussel liyinmungi oyster lumbangmam prawn lilkgany sea snake umalikgan shark arli shellfish sp. galpbangarruk stingray mumburarr ant sp. darnman anthill ayirri blowfly luwunbun bull ant luralkgalk butterfly mambirri centipede lurluk dragon fly liwijul flea manum birrinyan fly lalykgi green ant girralpbung grub limiyuk hornet uwurnitj leech lugi little fly luwutjgi louse limbi louse egg miyimbi mangrove worm dirrinyngangan marchfly lalk mosquito lanbayk sandfly mimilanitj scorpion lurngun snail lirrul tick mirtbinalk wasp malinyngan
Plants
[edit]English gloss Limilngan bamboo mirnalitj Banksia dentata mambirram banyon minukban billy goat plum layi black currant tree manguk black plum miminikgitj black wattle iwirli bush onion lagurr bush potato bawitj crab's eye vine bakgarl cycad uwarrkbi flower mimilngan grass marniyi grass (knife) barram green plum ilidamban Grewia retusifolia magangurl Haemodorum coccineum wilwil ilam ironwood marral ironwood wax nguwuk leaf luwutjgi lily (grass) minumbirr lily (red) uwukgi damban lily bulb (white) minayuk lily flower (white) manyal lily stem (white) ulikbily lily tuber (white) mingililuk dense tree cover miyimil milkwood mimilugutj palm species dilimin langan palm species mulpbay pandanus nut langitj Pandanus spiralis liyarr paperbark agal Persoonia falcata latjji Phragmites lamitj pig tucker tree laliny red apple mamun birritj ~ mamun burrnginy root madlingi scrub lalagan seaweed malngi stringybark linngulitj tea tree[a] agi-agi tree bangi unidentified plant species miyingal white apple lalykgi damban white cedar liwirnal white gum limin balyi wild banana langinyngan wild peanut tree imiligarnmi woollybutt muwurn ditjgan yam (long) limbi yam (round) mirnngayal yam (water) darndamban
Footnotes
[edit]References
[edit]
Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Limilngan word list
- ^ a b c d N42 Limilngan at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ a b Mark, Harvey (2001). A grammar of Limilngan: A language of the Mary River Region, Northern Territory, Australia (PDF). Pacific Linguistics 516. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. doi:10.15144/pl-516. hdl:1885/146134. ISBN 978-0-85883-461-3.