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Typhoon Yagi as a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on September 5, 2024

A Category 5-equivalent typhoon is a tropical cyclone that reaches Category 5 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, within the Western Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator. They are among the strongest tropical cyclones that can form on Earth, having 1-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 137 knots (254 km/h; 158 mph; 70 m/s).

Background

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The Western Pacific basin is the most active tropical cyclone basin in the world, averaging 25 named storms per year, with 15 becoming typhoons.[1]

=Records

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Systems

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Name Category 5 intensity Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Dates Duration Wind speed Pressure
Wutip (Betty) February 23–25, 2019 12 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) Un­known $3.3 million 0
Hagibis October 7–9, 2019 1 day 18 hours 185 mph (295 km/h) 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) Un­known $17.3 billion+ 139
Bualoi October 22, 2019 3 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) Un­known $200 million+ 13
Halong November 5–6, 2019 21 hours 190 mph (305 km/h) 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) Un­known Un­known 0
Goni (Rolly) October 30–31, 2020 3 days 6 hours 195 mph (315 km/h) 884 hPa (26.10 inHg) Un­known $1.02 billion 32
Surigae (Bising) April 16–18, 2021 Un­known 195 mph (315 km/h) 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) Un­known $10.5 million 10
Chanthu (Kiko) September 8 & 9–10, 2021 Un­known 180 mph (285 km/h) 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) Un­known $30 million 0
Mindulle September 25, 2021 Un­known 160 mph (260 km/h) 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) Un­known Un­known 0
Rai (Odette) December 15 & 18, 2021 Un­known 175 mph (280 km/h) 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) Un­known $1.05 billion 410
Hinnamnor (Henry) August 31, 2022 Un­known 165 mph (270 km/h) 911 hPa (26.90 inHg) Un­known $1.81 billion 20
Noru (Karding) September 24, 2022 Un­known 165 mph (270 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Un­known $313 million 40
Mawar (Betty) May 24–26, 2023 Un­known 190 mph (305 km/h) 891 hPa (26.31 inHg) Un­known $4.3 billion 6
Saola (Goring) August 30, 2023 Un­known 160 mph (260 km/h) 917 hPa (27.08 inHg) Un­known $673 million 3
Bolaven October 10–12, 2023 Un­known 190 mph (305 km/h) 897 hPa (26.49 inHg) Un­known Un­known 0
Yagi (Enteng) September 5, 2024 Un­known 160 mph (260 km/h) 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) Un­known $16 billion 844

Number by month

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Number of recorded Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes by month[2]
Month Number of hurricanes
July
2
August
7
September
25
October
7
November
1

Landfalls

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Typhoon Goni as it was making landfall as a Category 5-equivalent typhoon in 2020

Nearly all Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall at some location while a tropical or subtropical cyclone. This is primarily because of their proximity to land in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, where the usual synoptic weather patterns carry them towards land, as opposed to the westward, oceanic mean track of Eastern Pacific hurricanes.[3] Nineteen of the storms made landfall at least once while at Category 5 intensity;[2] 2007 and 2017 are the only years in which two storms made landfall at this intensity.[2] All but five landfalling systems (the 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane, Carol, Esther, Mitch and Isabel) did so at major hurricane strength.

Many of these systems made landfall shortly after weakening from a Category 5 hurricane. This weakening can be caused by dry air near land, shallower waters due to shelving, interaction with land, eyewall replacement cycles, increased vertical wind shear, or cooler waters near shore.[4][citation needed] The only Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes that did not make landfall while a tropical or subtropical cyclone were Hurricane Lee, which still made landfall as an extratropical cyclone in Nova Scotia, and Hurricane Lorenzo, which still brought hurricane-force winds to the Azores. These two storms are therefore not included in the table below.

The following table lists these hurricanes by landfall intensity.

Name Year
Category 5
Category 4
Category 3
Category 2
Category 1
Tropical or
subtropical storm
Tropical or
subtropical depression
 Refs
"Cuba" 1924 Cuba Florida The Bahamas [2][5]
"Okeechobee" 1928 Puerto Rico Guadeloupe, Lucayan Archipelago, Florida South Carolina
"Bahamas" 1932 The Bahamas
"Cuba" 1932 Little Cayman, Cuba The Bahamas Martinique
"Cuba–Brownsville" 1933 The Bahamas Cuba, Texas
"Tampico" 1933 Yucatán Peninsula Mainland Mexico
"Labor Day" 1935 Florida Keys Northwest Florida The Bahamas
"New England" 1938 New York, Connecticut
"Great Atlantic" 1944 New York, Rhode Island
Carol 1953 New Brunswick
Janet 1955 Yucatán Peninsula Mexico
Esther 1961 Canada
Hattie 1961 Belize Mexico
Inez 1966 Dominican Republic Cuba, Haiti, Mexico Cuba
Beulah 1967 Mexico Yucatán Peninsula
Camille 1969 Mississippi Cuba
Edith 1971 Nicaragua Louisiana Belize, Mexico
Anita 1977 Mexico
David 1979 Dominican Republic Dominica Florida Cuba, The Bahamas, Georgia
Allen 1980 Texas, Barbados
Gilbert 1988 Quintana Roo Jamaica, Tamaulipas [6]
Hugo 1989 Guadeloupe, Saint Croix, South Carolina Puerto Rico [7]
Andrew 1992 Eleuthera, Florida Berry Islands Louisiana [8]
Mitch 1998 Honduras Campeche, Florida [9]
Isabel 2003 North Carolina [10]
Ivan 2004 Alabama, Grenada Louisiana [11]
Emily 2005 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas Grenada [12]
Katrina 2005 Louisiana, Mississippi Florida [4]
Rita 2005 Louisiana [13]
Wilma 2005 Cozumel, Quintana Roo Florida [14]
Dean 2007 Quintana Roo Veracruz [15]
Felix 2007 Nicaragua Grenada [16]
Matthew 2016 Haiti, Cuba, Grand Bahama South Carolina [17]
Irma 2017 Barbuda, Saint Martin, Virgin Gorda, Cuba Little Inagua, Florida Keys Southwest Florida [18]
Maria 2017 Dominica Puerto Rico [19]
Michael 2018 Florida
Dorian 2019 Abaco Islands, Grand Bahama (2×) North Carolina St. Thomas Saint Lucia, Barbados
Ian 2022 Florida (2x) Cuba South Carolina
Beryl 2024 Carriacou Quintana Roo Texas
Milton 2024 Florida

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "The world of tropical cyclones: Eastern Hemisphere | NOAA Climate.gov". www.climate.gov. September 19, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ Landsea, Christopher W (June 8, 2010). "Tropical Cyclone FAQ G8) Why do hurricanes hit the East coast of the U.S., but never the West coast?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Katrina TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Mitchell, Charles L (October 1924). "Notes on the West Indian Hurricane of October 14–23, 1924" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 19, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Gilbert TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hugo TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Andrew TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mitch TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Isabel TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ivan TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Emily TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rita TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Wilma TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dean TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Felix TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Matthew TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Irma TCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Brown, Daniel. "Hurricane Maria Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
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