List of Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes
Within the North Atlantic Ocean, a Category 2 hurricane is a tropical cyclone, that has 1-minute sustained wind speeds of between 83–95 knots (96–109 mph; 154–176 km/h; 43–49 m/s).[1] Since records began in 1851, a total of 246 tropical cyclones have peaked at this intensity.[2]
Background
[edit]Since HURDAT began in 1851, Atlantic hurricanes have been tracked. In 1971, the Saffir–Simpson scale was devised by two meteorologists. Category 2 was designed as the fourth-highest category on the scale.[2]
Systems
[edit]1850s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Five | October 6 – 11, 1852 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, Mexico, Southeastern United States | Extensive | Unknown | [3][4] |
Eight | October 19 – 22, 1853 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida, Georgia | Significant | Unknown | [4][5] |
Four | September 16 – 20, 1854 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | $20,000 | 4 | [6][7] |
One | August 6, 1855 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [8] |
Two | August 10 – 11, 1855 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [9] |
Two | September 6 – 17, 1857 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) | United States East Coast | Unknown | >424 | [10][11] |
Four | September 24 – 30, 1857 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, Mexico, Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [12] |
Three | September 14 – 17, 1858 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida, Northeastern United States | Minor | Unknown | [13][14] |
Six | October 21 – 26, 1858 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Bahamas, Bermuda | Unknown | Unknown | [15] |
One | July 1, 1859 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [16] |
Two | August 17 – 19, 1859 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [17] |
1860s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Two | August 24 – 26, 1860 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [18] |
Four | September 11 – 16, 1860 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | >$1 million | Unknown | [19][20] |
Six | September 30 – October 3, 1860 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Mississippi | Severe | >13 | [20][21] |
Seven | October 20 – 24, 1860 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [22] |
One | July 6 – 12, 1861 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilies | Unknown | Unknown | [23] |
Three | August 25 – 30, 1861 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [24] |
Two | August 18 – 21, 1862 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [25] |
Three | September 12 – 20, 1862 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [26] |
One | August 8 – 9, 1863 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [27] |
Two | August 18 – 19, 1863 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [28] |
Three | August 19 – 23, 1863 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | United States East Coast, Nova Scotia | Unknown | 80 | [11][29] |
Four | August 27 – 28, 1863 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [30] |
Four | September 6 – 14, 1865 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, United States Gulf Coast | Severe | >325 | [20][31][32] |
Seven | October 18 – 25, 1865 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, Florida | $300,000 | 1 | [32][33] |
One | July 11 – 16, 1866 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [34] |
Two | August 13 – 18, 1866 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [35] |
Four | September 22 – 24, 1866 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Newfoundland | Unknown | 8 | [36][37] |
Two | July 28 – August 3, 1867 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | United States East Coast | Unknown | 2 | [11][38] |
Three | August 2, 1867 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean | Unknown | Unknown | [39] |
Six | September 29 – October 1, 1867 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [40] |
Seven | October 2 – 9, 1867 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | Mexico, Texas, South Eastern United States | >$1 million | Many | [7][11][41] |
One | September 3 – 7, 1868 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | 2 | [42][43] |
Three | October 5 – 7, 1868 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [44] |
Four | October 15 – 17, 1868 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [45] |
One | August 12, 1869 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [46] |
Two | August 16 – 17, 1869 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | Severe | Unknown | [7][47] |
Seven | September 11 – 18, 1869 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | None | None | None | [48] |
Ten | October 4 – 5, 1869 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Northeastern United States, New Brunswick | Severe | 37 | [49] |
1870s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Two | August 30 – September 4, 1870 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Nova Scotia | Unknown | Unknown | [50] |
Nine | October 19 – 22, 1870 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, South Eastern United States | Severe | >52 | [11][51] |
Ten | October 23, 1870 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Hispanlola | Unknown | Unknown | [52] |
Five | August 30 – September 2, 1871 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [53] |
Two | August 20 – September 1, 1872 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [54] |
Seven | October 31 – November 4, 1874 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Greater Antilles, Bahamas | Extensive | Unknown | [55][56] |
Five | October 7 – 10, 1875 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [57] |
Four | September 29 – October 5, 1876 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | Unknown | Unknown | [58] |
Four | August 25 – 30, 1878 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [59] |
Five | September 1 – 13, 1878 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | The Caribbean, Eastern United States | Significant | 9 | [60][61] |
Six | September 12 – 18, 1878 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [62] |
Eleven | October 18–21, 1878 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | Cuba, Bahamas, United States East Coast | 2 million | 72 | [2][63][64][65] |
Two | August 19–24, 1879 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Texas, Louisiana | None | Unknown | [2][66] |
Eight | November 18 – 20, 1879 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [67] |
1880s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | August 24 – September 1, 1880 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Florida, Mississippi | 68 | Unknown | [2][68] |
Five | August 21–29, 1881 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Georgia, Mississippi | 700 | Severe | [2][68][63] |
Six | September 7–11, 1881 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | United States East Coast | 0 | Unknown | [2][69] |
Four | October 7–17, 1884 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands | 8 | Unknown | [2][70][71] |
Two | August 21–27, 1885 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) | Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Maryland | 25 | $1.8 million | [2][69][65][63] |
One | June 13–15, 1886 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Texas, Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [2][72][73][74] |
Two | June 17–24, 1886 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Florida, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states | 0 | Severe | [2][68][75][72] |
Three | June 27 – July 4, 1886 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Florida, North Carolina, Maryland | 18 | Unknown | [2][76][72] |
Eight | September 16–24, 1886 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Cuba, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [2][77][78][72] |
Nine | September 22–30, 1886 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [2][72] |
Four | July 20–28, 1887 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida, Georgia, Alabama | 0 | Extensive | [2][79][72] |
Eight | September 1 – 4, 1887 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | United Kingdom | None | None | [2][72] |
Nine | September 11–22, 1887 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Texas, Extreme Northeastern Mexico | 14 | Unknown | [2][80][78] |
Fifteen | October 15–19, 1887 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None | [2] |
Seven | October 8–12, 1888 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | United States East Coast | 0 | Unknown | [2][81] |
Nine | November 17–25, 1888 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | None | None | None | [2] |
Four | September 1–12, 1889 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Virginia | 40 | Minimal | [2][72] |
Six | September 12–25, 1889 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Florida | 0 | Minor | [2][72] |
1890s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | September 2–8, 1891 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | New England, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 0 | Minor | [2][82] |
Five | September 16–26, 1891 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Bermuda | 0 | Minimal | [2][82] |
Six | September 29 – October 5, 1891 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 0 | None | [2] |
Three | September 3–17, 1892 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | None | 0 | None | [2][83] |
Five | September 12–23, 1892 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Azores | 0 | Minor | [2][83] |
Seven | October 5–16, 1892 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [2][83] |
Two | July 4–7, 1893 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Nicaragua, Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, Tabasco | Many | Unknown | [2][84][85][86] |
Five | August 15–19, 1893 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Sable Island, Newfoundland | 0 | Minor | [2][84] |
Seven | August 20–29, 1893 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Azores | 5 | Unknown | [2][87] |
Eight | September 4–9, 1893 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Alabama | 0 | Unknown | [2][84] |
Seven | October 21–29, 1894 | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2] | |
Two | August 22–30, 1895 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Texas | 0 | Minimal | [2][88] |
Five | October 12–26, 1895 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Cuba, Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [2][88][89] |
One | July 4–9, 1896 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba (questioned), United States East Coast, Canada, Greenland | 1 | $100 thousand | [2][90][91][92][93] |
Three | September 18–28, 1896 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, North Carolina | 0 | Minimal | [2][90] |
Five | October 7–13, 1896 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, New England | 4 | $500 thousand | [2][90][94][95][96] |
Six | October 26 – November 9, 1896 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | None | 0 | None | [2][77] |
One | August 31 – September 9, 1897 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | None | 45 | None | [2][97][98] |
Four | September 5–19, 1898 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Windward Islands | 383 | $2.5 million | [2][99] |
Two | July 28 – August 2, 1899 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Florida, Alabama | 7 | >$1 million | [2][100][101] |
Four | August 29 – September 5, 1899 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Unknown | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Bermuda | 0 | Unknown | [2][102] |
Nine | October 26–31, 1899 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Cuba, Bahamas, Jamaica, North Carolina | 1+ | $200 thousand | .[2][103][104] |
1900s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | September 8 – 23, 1900 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [105] |
Seven | August 29 – September 10, 1901 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Cape Verde | Unknown | Unknown | [106][107] |
Three | September 16 – 22, 1902 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [108] |
Four | October 3 – 11, 1902 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Mexico, Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [109][110] |
Four | September 12 – 17, 1903 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | United States East Coast | $9 million | 57 | [111][112] |
Six | September 26 – 30, 1903 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Bermuda | Severe | 2 | [113][114] |
Seven | October 1 – 9, 1903 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [115] |
Two | June 14–23, 1906 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | 0 | Minor | [2][116] |
One | March 6–9, 1908 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Kitts | 0 | Moderate | [2][117][118] |
Eight | September 21 – October 7, 1908 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | The Caribbean, The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [119][120] |
Nine | October 14 – 19, 1908 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | Nicaragua | Unknown | 2 | [121][122] |
Two | June 25 – 30, 1909 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Texas, Mexico | $1.3 million | None | [77][123] |
Twelve | November 8 – 14, 1909 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Unknown | Greater Antilles | $10 million | 198 | [124][125] |
1910s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | September 5 – 15, 1910 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | Not Specified | Puerto Rico, Texas, Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [126][127] |
Four | September 24 – 27, 1910 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [128] |
Three | August 23 – 30, 1911 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Georgia, South Carolina | $27.4 million | 17 | [129][130] |
Four | September 3 – 12, 1911 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | Colombia, Nicaragua | $2 million | 10 | [131][132] |
Six | October 11 – 18, 1912 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatán Peninsula, Texas | $28,000 | 42 | [133][134] |
Four | August 31 – September 6, 1915 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Cuba, Eastern United States | >$100,000 | 25 | [135][136][137] |
Three | July 10 – 22, 1916 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Massachusetts, Nova Scotia | Unknown | Unknown | [138][139] |
Seven | August 21 – 26, 1916 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | Not Specified | Greater Antiles, Florida | $1 million | 1 | [140][141] |
Fourteen | October 9 – 19, 1916 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Florida, Alabama | $100,000 | 69 | [142][143] |
Two | August 22 – 26, 1918 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | Honduras, Belize | Minor | None | [77][144] |
Five | September 2 – 6, 1918 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | Not Specified | Bermuda | Minor | 21 | [145][146] |
Three | September 2 – 5, 1919 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [147] |
One | September 7 – 14, 1920 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [148] |
Two | September 16 – 23, 1920 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Central America, Louisiana, Arkansas | $1.45 million | 1 | [20][149] |
1920s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | October 11–22, 1922 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Colombia, Yucatán Peninsula, Tabasco | 0 | Unknown | [2][150][151] |
Two | September 1–9, 1923 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][77] |
Four | August 26 – September 3, 1924 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Anguilla, Saint Thomas, Leeward Islands | 89 | Heavy | [2][152][153][154] |
Five | September 10–14, 1926 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][155] |
Eight | September 21 – October 1, 1926 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | Azores | 0 | Minor | [2][155] |
Four | September 23–28, 1927 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][77] |
One | August 3–10, 1928 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina | 2 | $235 thousand | [2][77][156][157] |
1930s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Seven | September 8–16, 1931 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, Veracruz | 2 | Moderate | [2][77][158][159] |
Fifteen | November 3–10, 1932 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Azores | 0 | Unknown | [2][160] |
Two | June 24 – July 8, 1933 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Trinidad, Venezuela, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Tamaulipas | 35 | $7.5 million | [2][161][162] |
Thirteen | September 10–15, 1933 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Guatemala, Belize, Quintana Roo, Yucatán Peninsula, Tampico | 67 | Millions | [2][163][164] |
One | June 4–18, 1934 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) | Belize, Guatemala, Chiapas, Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee | >1,000 | $4.4 million | .[2][165][166][167] |
Seven | September 3–7, 1934 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | United States East Coast | 8 | $10 thousand | [2][165][168][169] |
Ten | October 1–4, 1934 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][165] |
Seven | October 30 – November 8, 1935 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | 19 | $5.5 million | [2][170][171] |
Five | July 27 – August 1, 1936 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | Bahamas, Florida, Alabama | 4 | $200 thousand | [2][172] |
Ten | August 25 – September 5, 1936 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][173] |
Fifteen | September 18–25, 1936 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Nova Scotia | 0 | None | [2][174] |
Four | September 9–14, 1937 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Nova Scotia, Canada | 0 | $1.5 million | [2][77][175] |
Eight | September 20–26, 1937 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][77][176] |
1940s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Two | August 3–10, 1940 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas | 7 | $10.75 million | [2][177][178] |
Three | August 5–14, 1940 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | South Carolina, Mid-Atlantic states | 52 | $13 million | [2][179][77][180] |
Four | August 26 – September 2, 1940 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) | North Carolina, New England, Nova Scotia, Quebec | 7 | $4.05 million | [2][77][181] |
Five | September 7–17, 1940 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 3 | $1.49 million | [2][77][182] |
Seven | September 22–28, 1940 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Azores | 0 | None | [2][183] |
Four | August 25 – September 3, 1942 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | Unknown | None | 0 | None | [2][77] |
Eleven | November 5–11, 1942 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Cuba, Belize, Mexico | 9 | $9 million | [2][77][184] |
One | July 25–30, 1943 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | Texas, Louisiana | 19 | $17 million | [2][185][186][187] |
Six | September 15–20, 1943 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | United States Gulf Coast | 0 | $419 thousand | [2][186] |
Nine | October 11–17, 1943 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | Unknown | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda | 0 | $300 thousand | [2][186][77][188] |
Nine | September 21–26, 1944 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | Unknown | None | 0 | None | [2][77] |
One | June 20–27, 1945 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | United States East Coast | 1 | $750 thousand | [2][189][190][191] |
Eleven | October 10–13, 1945 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Bahamas | 5 | $2 million | [2][192][77] |
Four | September 12–15, 1946 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Bahamas, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 0 | None | [2][77][193] |
Six | October 5–9, 1946 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Cuba, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina | 5 | $5.2 million | [2][77][194][195] |
Charlie | August 9–16, 1947 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas | 48 | Unknown | [2][196][197] |
King | October 8–16, 1947 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Honduras, Florida, Alabama | 1 | $3.26 million | [2][198][199] |
One | August 21–25, 1949 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | North Carolina | 2 | $50 thousand | [2][200][201] |
Eleven | September 27 – October 6, 1949 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Guatemala, Campeche, Texas | 2 | $6.7 million | [2][78][202] |
1950s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Baker | August 18 – September 1, 1950 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba, United States Gulf Coast | 38 | $2.5 million | [2][203][204] |
Charlie | August 21 – September 5, 1950 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][204] |
George | September 27 – October 5, 1950 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Iceland | 0 | None | [2][204][205][206] |
Item | October 8–11, 1950 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Western Mexico | 0 | $1.5 million | [2][204][207][208] |
How | September 29 – October 5, 1951 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Florida, Iceland | 17 | $2 million | [2][209][210] |
Able | August 18 – September 3, 1952 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland | 3 | $21.7 million | [2][211][212] |
Baker | August 31 – September 8, 1952 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][211][213] |
Easy | October 6–11, 1952 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][211] |
Alice | June 24–27, 1954 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Mexico | 56 | $2 million | [2][214][215] |
Thirteen | September 25 – October 6, 1954 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][216] |
Diane | August 7–20, 1955 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, New England | 184 | $754.7 million | [2][217][218] |
Edith | August 21–31, 1955 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][219][220] |
Flora | September 2–9, 1955 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [221] |
Katie | October 14–19, 1955 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Central America, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Bahamas, Dominica | 7 | $200 thousand | [2][222][223] |
Greta | October 31 – November 6, 1956 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, Guadeloupe | 1 | $3.58 million | [2][224] |
Ella | August 30 – September 6, 1958 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Louisiana, Texas | 37 | >$100 thousand | [2][225][226] |
Ilsa | September 24–30, 1958 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) | Bermuda | 0 | None | [2][225][227][228] |
Janice | October 4–11, 1958 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas | 9 | $200 thousand | [2][225][229] |
1960s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Anna | July 20–24, 1961 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Windward Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America, Jamaica | 1 | $300 thousand | [2][230][231][232] |
Daisy | September 29 – October 7, 1962 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada | 32 | $1.1 million | [2][233][234] |
Ella | October 14–22, 1962 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Cuba, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | 2 | Unknown | [2][235][236][237] |
Edith | September 23–29, 1963 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas | 10 | $46.6 million | [2][238][239][240] |
Ginny | October 17–29, 1963 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) | Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, United States East Coast, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 5 | $500 thousand | [2][241][242][243] |
Ethel | September 4–14, 1964 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | Bermuda | 0 | Minimal | [2][244][245] |
Anna | August 21–25, 1965 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][246] |
Elena | October 12–19, 1965 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [246] |
Chloe | September 5–21, 1967 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Cape Verde, Spain, France | 14 | Unknown | [2][247] |
Kara | October 7–18, 1969 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | North Carolina | 0 | None | [2][248] |
Laurie | October 17–27, 1969 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Mexico | 0 | Minor | [2][248][249] |
1970s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Eighteen | October 12–17, 1970 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | Bermuda, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 0 | Unknown | [2][250][251][252] |
Ginger | September 6 – October 3, 1971 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) | Bahamas, North Carolina | 1 | $10 million | [2][253][254][255] |
Betty | August 22 – September 1, 1972 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][256] |
Fifi | September 14–22, 1974 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America | 8,210 | $1.8 billion | [2][257][258][259][260] |
Doris | August 28 – September 4, 1975 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][261] |
Faye | September 18–29, 1975 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Bermuda | 0 | Minimal | [2][261][262] |
Emmy | August 20 – September 4, 1976 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Azores | 68 | Minimal | [2][263] |
Gloria | September 26 – October 4, 1976 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][264] |
Flossie | September 4–15, 1978 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][265] |
Gloria | September 4–15, 1979 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][266] |
1980s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Bonnie | August 14–19, 1980 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][267][268] |
Ivan | October 4–11, 1980 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][269][270] |
Jeanne | November 8–16, 1980 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Florida, Gulf of Mexico, United States Gulf Coast | 0 | Minimal | [2][271] |
Gert | September 7–15, 1981 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Puerto Rico | 0 | None | [2][272][273] |
Josephine | October 7–18, 1984 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | United States East Coast | 1 | Minor | [2][274][275] |
Earl | September 10–18, 1986 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | None | 0 | None | [2][276] |
Dean | July 31 – August 9, 1989 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Bermuda, North Carolina, Newfoundland | 0 | $8.9 million | [2][277][278] |
Erin | August 18–27, 1989 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | Cape Verde | 0 | None | [2][279] |
1990s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Diana | August 4 – 9, 1990 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Central America | Extensive | 139 | [280] |
Isidore | September 4 – 17, 1990 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | None | None | None | [280] |
Grace | October 25 – 29, 1991 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [281] |
Bonnie | September 17 – 30, 1992 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Azores | Minimal | 1 | [282] |
Charley | September 21 – 27, 1992 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [282] |
Gert | September 14 – 21, 1993 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Central America | >$166 million | 76 | [283] |
Florence | November 2 – 8, 1994 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | None | None | None | [284] |
Erin | July 31 – August 6, 1995 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Florida, Mid-Atlantic States, New England | 13 | $700 million | [285] |
Humberto | August 21 – September 1, 1995 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [285] |
Iris | August 22 – September 4, 1995 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Antigua, Montserrat, Barbuda | 5 | Unknown | [285][286] |
Danielle | August 24 – September 3, 1998 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Puerto Rico, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada, United Kingdom | $50 million | None | [287][288] |
Earl | August 31 – September 3, 1998 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mexico, Florida | $79 million | 3 | [287] |
Jeanne | September 21 – October 1, 1998 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | None | None | None | [287] |
Karl | September 23 – 28, 1998 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | None | None | [287] |
Dennis | August 24 – September 7, 1999 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) | The Bahamas, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | $157 million | 4 | [289] |
Irene | October 12 – 19, 1999 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) | Cuba, Southeastern United States | $800 million | 18 | [289] |
Jose | October 17 – 25, 1999 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico | <$5 million | 2 | [289] |
2000s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Michael | October 15 – 20, 2000 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Bermuda, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [290] |
Humberto | September 21 – 27, 2001 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | None | None | [291] |
Gustav | September 8 – 12, 2002 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | North Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey | $340,000 | 4 | [292][293] |
Juan | September 24 – 29, 2003 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | Canada | $200 million | 8 | [294] |
Danielle | August 13 – 21, 2004 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [295] |
Irene | August 4 – 18, 2005 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | United States East Coast | None | 1 | [296] |
Dolly | July 20 – 27, 2008 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) | Guatemala, Mexico, South Central United States | $1.6 billion | 26 | [297][298][299] |
Ida | November 1 – 10, 2009 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Nicaragua, Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Southeastern United States | $11.4 million | 4 | [300][301][302] |
2010s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Alex | June 25 – July 2, 2010 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Belize, Mexico, Texas | 1.52 billion | 52 | [303] |
Paula | October 11 – 15, 2010 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico Cuba, Bahamas, Florida |
Unknown | 1 | [303] |
Richard | October 20 – 26, 2010 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico | $80 million | 2 | [303] |
Tomas | October 29 – November 7, 2010 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Windward Islands, Leeward Antilles Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago |
$463 million | 51 | [303] |
Ernesto | August 1 – 10, 2012 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Windward Islands, Jamaica, Central America, Mexico | 252 million | 12 | [304] |
Gordon | August 15 – 20, 2012 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [305] |
Kirk | August 28 – September 4, 2012 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | None | None | None | [306] |
Arthur | July 1 – 5, 2014 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Bahamas, North Carolina, Nova Scotia | $28.6 million | 1 | [307] |
Gert | August 12 – 17, 2017 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) | Bermuda, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | 2 | [308] |
Katia | September 5 – 9, 2017 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Mexico | $3.26 million | 3 | [309] |
Chris | July 6 – 12, 2018 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) | Bermuda, Iceland | Minimal | 1 | [310] |
Helene | September 7 – 16, 2018 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) | West Africa, Cape Verde, Azores | Minimal | 3 | [311] |
Oscar | October 26 – 31, 2018 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) | Faroe Islands | None | None | [312] |
Jerry | September 17 – 24, 2019 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | None | None | None | [313] |
2020s
[edit]Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Paulette | September 7 – 22, 2020 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Bermuda | 2 | $50 million | [314] |
Sally | September 11 – 17, 2020 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | The Bahamas, Cuba, United States Gulf Coast | 9 | $7.3 billion | [315] |
Earl | September 2 – 10, 2022 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Bermuda | 2 | Minimal | [316] |
Nigel | September 15 – 22, 2023 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Tammy | October 18 – 29, 2023 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Leeward Islands | None | $1.5 million | |
Ernesto | August 12 – 20, 2024 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Atlantic Canada | 3 | $150 million | |
Francine | September 9 – 12, 2024 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | Eastern Mexico, United States Gulf Coast | None | $1.5 billion | |
Isaac | September 26 – 30, 2024 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Leslie | October 2 – 12, 2024 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | None | None | None |
Other systems
[edit]The 1842 Spain hurricane on October 26, reached a possible, but HURDAT-unverified, Category 2 intensity.[317]
In May 1863, Hurricane "Amanda" wreaked havoc in the Southeast United States. Its intensity was equivalent to Category 2.[318]
Michael Chenoweth
[edit]A climate researcher: Michael Chenoweth has suggested that the following systems were Category 2 hurricanes on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale:
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Unnamed | September 25 - 28, 1852 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [319] |
Unnamed | November 13 - 28, 1853 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [320] |
Unnamed | October 13 - 27, 1854 | 105 mph (165 km/h) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Texas, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [321] |
Eight | October 24 – 29, 1859 | 100 mph (155 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Mexico, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [322] |
Unnamed | September 24 - October 2, 1876 | 110 mph (175 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | The Caribbean | Unknown | Unknown | [323] |
Climatology
[edit]Month | Number of storms |
---|---|
January | |
February | |
March | |
April | |
May | |
June | |
July | |
August | |
September | |
October | |
November | |
December |
Decade | Number of storms |
---|---|
1850s | |
1860s | |
1870s | |
1880s | |
1890s | |
1900s | |
1910s | |
1920s | |
1930s | |
1940s | |
1950s | |
1960s | |
1970s | |
1980s | |
1990s | |
2000s | |
2010s | |
2020s |
Landfalls
[edit]See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher W; Hafale, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thurm, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (February 1, 2012). The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "1852 Hurricane Not Named (1852278N14293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Sandrik, Al; Landsea, Christopher W (2003). Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899 (Report). United States Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Hurricane Not Named (1853291N32280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1855 Hurricane Not Named (1854259N24266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c Roth, David M (January 17, 2010). Texas Hurricane History (PDF) (Report). United States National Weather Service. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
- ^ "1855 Hurricane Not Named (1855219N22262)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1855 Hurricane Not Named (1855222N44318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1857 Hurricane Not Named (1857249N27286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Rappaport, Edward N; Fernández-Partagás, Jose J (January 1995). NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-47: The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1994 (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
- ^ "1857 Hurricane Not Named (1857267N16305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1858 Hurricane Not Named (1858291N21287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ Cotterly, Wayne (1996). Hurricanes & Tropical Storms: Their Impact on Maine and Androscoggin County (PDF) (Report). Portland Emergency Management Agency. p. 44. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
- ^ "1858 Hurricane Not Named (1858291N21287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1859 Hurricane Not Named (1859183N22263)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1859 Hurricane Not Named (1859224N28287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860237N28283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860252N18284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Roth, David M (April 8, 2010). Louisiana Hurricane History (PDF) (Report). Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
- ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860269N20266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860289N14290)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1861 Hurricane Not Named (1861185N15303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1861 Hurricane Not Named (1861237N35296)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Hurricane Not Named (1862229N24294)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Hurricane Not Named (1862251N15325)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863220N38309)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863230N39302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863231N27293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863239N31281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1865 Hurricane Not Named (1865247N13318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Fernández-Partagás, Jose J; Diaz, Henry F (1995). "1865". A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part 1: 1851-1870 (PDF). United States Climate Diagnostics Center. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- ^ "1865 Hurricane Not Named (1865247N13318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1866 Hurricane Not Named (1866193N27271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1866 Hurricane Not Named (1866193N27271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1866 Hurricane Not Named (1866193N27271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "Marine Disaster – A Baltimore Bound Emigrant Ship has Eight Persons Washed Overboard". Baltimore Sun. October 4, 1866.
- ^ "1867 Hurricane Not Named (1867209N18303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
- ^ "1867 Hurricane Not Named (1867215N14283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
- ^ "1867 Hurricane Not Named (1867242N12333)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
- ^ "1867 Major Hurricane Not Named (1867268N18278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1868 Hurricane Not Named (1868240N16327)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ Fernández-Partagás, Jose J; Diaz, Henry F (1995). "1868". A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part 1: 1851-1870 (PDF). United States Climate Diagnostics Center. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- ^ "1868 Hurricane Not Named (1868278N14280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1868 Hurricane Not Named (1868289N26287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Hurricane Not Named (1869224N41313)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Hurricane Not Named (1869226N20276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Major Hurricane Not Named (1869253N10328)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Hurricane Not Named (1869270N18308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1870 Hurricane Not Named (1870238N14310)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
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{{cite web}}
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