List of Western Pacific severe tropical storms
A severe tropical storm is the third highest category used by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) to classify tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific basin. The basin is limited to the north of the equator between the 100th meridian east and the 180th meridian. The category of the severe tropical storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of between 48 and 63 knots (89–117 km/h; 55–73 mph).
Background
[edit]| Category | Sustained winds |
|---|---|
| Violent typhoon | ≥105 knots ≥194 km/h |
| Very strong typhoon | 85–104 knots 157–193 km/h |
| Strong typhoon | 64–84 knots 118–156 km/h |
| Severe tropical storm | 48–63 knots 89–117 km/h |
| Tropical storm | 34–47 knots 62–88 km/h |
| Tropical depression | ≤33 knots ≤61 km/h |
The Northwest Pacific basin covers a vast area in the Pacific Ocean, located north of the equator, between 100°E and 180°E.[1] Several weather agencies monitor this basin, however it is officially monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA, RSMC Tokyo), who is responsible for forecasting, naming and issuing warnings for tropical cyclones.[1] Unofficially, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitors the basin, however these warnings measures 1-minute sustained wind speeds, comparing their scale to the Saffir–Simpson scale.[2] The JMA uses a simpler scale on classifying tropical cyclones adapted by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee measuring 10-minute sustained wind speeds, ranging from a tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm and typhoon.[3]
This article covers a list of systems developing in the Northwest Pacific basin that were classified by the JMA's category of a severe tropical storm. The category of a severe tropical storm ranges with 10-minute sustained winds of 48–63 kn (25–32 m/s; 55–72 mph; 89–117 km/h).[3]
Systems
[edit]- Key
- † Discontinuous duration (weakened below Severe tropical storm then restrengthened to that classification at least once)
1977–1979
[edit]| Name | Duration as a Severe tropical storm |
Duration (hours) |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patsy | March 28, 1977 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Ruth | June 15 – 16, 1977 | 30 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, China, Taiwan | Unknown | Unknown |
| Amy | August 23 – 24, 1977 | 30 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None |
| Emma | September 15 – 19, 1977 | 102 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | None | None |
| Freda | September 23 – 24, 1977 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, China, Taiwan | 1 | Unknown |
| Harriet | October 18 – 20, 1977 | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Nadine | January 11 – 13, 1978 | 36 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Marshall Islands | None | None |
| Agnes | July 26 – 29, 1978 | 84 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China | 3 | Unknown |
| Kit | September 25, 1978 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | Unknown | Unknown |
| Nina | October 9 – 13, 1978 | 102 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 59 | Unknown |
| Tess | November 3 – 6, 1978 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | None | None |
| Winnie | November 28 – 30, 1978 | 36 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None |
| Faye | July 5, 1979 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None |
| Gordon | July 28 – 30, 1979 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Taiwan | Unknown | Unknown |
| Mac | September 16 – 18, 1979 | 54 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | Unknown | Unknown |
| Wayne | November 10, 1979 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines | None | None |
1980s
[edit]| Name | Duration as a Severe tropical storm |
Duration (hours) |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carmen | April 6, 1980 | 12 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Forrest | May 23 – 24, 1980 | 30† | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines | Unknown | Unknown |
| Georgia | May 23, 1980 | 24 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | China | Unknown | Unknown |
| Herbert | June 25, 1980 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, South China | Unknown | Unknown |
| Ruth | September 15 – 16, 1980 | 18 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China, Vietnam, Laos | 106 | Unknown |
| Thelma | September 29 – 30, 1980 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Gerald | April 16 – 17, 1981 | 12 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands | None | None |
| Ike | June 12 – 14, 1981 | 48 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | East China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | 8 | None |
| Kelly | July 2 – 4, 1981 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 192 | $7.92 million |
| Lynn | July 4 – 6, 1981 | 48† | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 22 | None |
| Maury | July 18 – 19, 1981 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, East China | 38 | None |
| Ogden | July 29, 1981 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Japan, South Korea | None | None |
| Phyllis | August 5, 1981 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Susan | August 8 – 11, 1981 | 84 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Vanessa | August 17 – 18, 1981 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Mamie | March 19, 1982 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | 54 | $1.01 million |
| Winona | July 24 – 25, 1982 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 12 | $2.2 million |
| Hope | September 5 – 6, 1982 | 36 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Vietnam | Unknown | Unknown |
| Roger | December 9 – 10, 1982 | 30 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines | None | None |
| Ben | August 14, 1983 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan | None | None |
| Ida | October 8 – 11, 1983 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | None | None |
| Joe | October 10 – 13, 1983 | 42 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China | None | None |
| Lex | October 24 – 26, 1983 | 42 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | >200 | None |
| Ruth | November 28, 1983 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None |
| Thelma | December 17, 1983 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None |
1990s
[edit]| Name | Duration as a Severe tropical storm |
Duration (hours) |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koryn | January 14 – 16, 1990 | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands | None | None |
| Nathan | June 17 – 18, 1990 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 12 | None |
| Tasha | July 29 – 31, 1990 | 48 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | 108 | None |
| Winona | August 8 – 10, 1990 | 60 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Japan | None | None |
| Nell | November 11, 1990 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Vietnam, Cambodia | None | None |
| Sharon | March 9 – 11, 1991 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines | None | None |
| Brendan | July 21 – 24, 1991 | 60 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China | None | None |
| Gladys | August 17 – 23, 1991 | 144 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Japan, Korean Peninsula | 103 | $420,000 |
| Luke | September 17 – 19, 1991 | 54 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Japan | 8 | None |
| Verne | November 8 – 10, 1991 | 72 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | 8 | None |
| Zelda | November 29 – December 2, 1991 | 72 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Marshall Islands | None | None |
| Axel | January 7 – 9, 1992 | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None |
| Gary | July 22, 1992 | 24 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 48 | $940 million |
| Irving | August 3 – 4, 1992 | 24 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan, South Korea | 3 | $835,000 |
| Polly | August 29 – 31, 1992 | 51 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, East China | 202 | $450 million |
| Ted | September 20 – 23, 1992 | 84 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, East China, Korean Peninsula, East China | 61 | $360 million |
| Colleen | October 20 – 28, 1992 | 174† | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | Unknown | Unknown |
| Irma | March 15 – 16, 1993 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands | 10 | None |
| Lewis | July 10 – 12, 1993 | 54 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | None | None |
| Nathan | July 23 – 24, 1993 | 53 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | None | None |
| Percy | July 28 – 30, 1993 | 39 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | None | None |
| Steve | August 9 – 11, 1993 | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands | None | None |
| Zola | September 8, 1993 | 15 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan | None | None |
| Hattie | October 24, 1993 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Marshall Islands | None | None |
| Nell | December 25 – 27 1994 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines | None | None |
| Owen | April 3 – 5, 1994 | 54 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines | 10 | None |
| Russ | June 6 – 7, 1994 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | China | 74 | $728 million |
| Zeke | July 22 – 23, 1994 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Bobbie | December 23 – 24, 1994 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None |
| Gary | July 30 – 31, 1995 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, China | 2 | None |
| Helen | August 11, 1995 | 18 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 23 | None |
| Lois | August 27 – 29, 1995 | 54 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China, Indochina | None | None |
| Sibyl | September 30 – October 3, 1995 | 78 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, China | 108 | $35.8 million |
| Ted | October 12, 1995 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, South China | None | None |
| Yvette | October 26, 1995 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | Unknown | Unknown |
| Dan | December 28 – 30, 1995 | 66 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines | None | None |
| Frankie | July 23, 1996 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | 104 | $204 million |
| Joy | August 2 – 3, 1996 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None |
| Willie | September 19 – 21, 1996 | 42 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China, Indochina | 38 | None |
| Beth | October 16 – 19, 1996 | 84 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | 1 | None |
| Fern | December 24 – 28, 1996 | 96 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | $3 million |
| Victor | August 1 – 2, 1997 | 48 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | China | 65 | $241 million |
| Yule | August 20 – 22, 1997 | 54 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Marshall Islands | None | None |
| Zita | August 21 – 22, 1997 | 24 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China | 352 | $438 million |
| Fritz | September 24 – 25, 1997 | 18 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia | 28 | $5.1 million |
| Linda | November 2, 1997 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Vietnam, Thailand | 3,123 | $385 million |
| Penny | August 10, 1998 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 1 | None |
| Stella | September 14 – 16, 1999 | 48 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | 3 | $2.17 million |
| Kate | April 25 – 27, 1999 | 66 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines | None | None |
| Neil | July 25 – 26, 1999 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines | 15 | None |
| Sam | August 20 – 22, 1999 | 54 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 20 | $35 million |
| Dora | August 19 – 20, 1999 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Wake Island | None | None |
| Tanya | August 21, 1999 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Wake Island | None | None |
| Virgil | August 25, 1999 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None |
| York | September 14 – 16, 1999 | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 17 | $34 million |
| Ann | September 16 – 17, 1999 | 36 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | East China | None | None |
| Gloria | November 15 – 16, 1999 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None |
2000s
[edit]The JMA tracked a total of 42 severe tropical storms from 2000 through to 2009. Fortunately, many of these storms did not affect any landmass, however there were a few notable storms like Kammuri in 2002 and Bilis in 2006 which both impacted mainland China, killing hundreds of people and causing total combined damages of nearly US$5 billion. Bilis ended up killing a total of 859 people, making it one of the deadliest storms in China, and also, being known as the tenth wettest tropical cyclone in the country.[4]
| Name | Duration as a Severe tropical storm |
Duration (hours) |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolaven | July 29, 2000 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, South Korea | None | None | |
| Sonamu | September 17 – 18, 2000 | 24 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
| Bebinca | November 1 – 6, 2000 | 90† | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 26 | None | |
| Cimaron | May 13, 2001 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan | None | $555,000 | |
| Durian | June 30 – July 1, 2001 | 36 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | 110 | $422 million | |
| Utor | July 3 – 5, 2001 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 197 | $332 million | |
| Yutu | July 24 – 25, 2001 | 36 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | None | $75.5 million | |
| Noguri | June 9 – 10, 2002 | 36 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Taiwan, Japan | None | $4 million | |
| Nakri | July 10, 2002 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | East China, Taiwan, Japan | 2 | None | |
| Kammuri | August 4 – 5, 2002 | 18 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | China | 153 | $509 million | |
| Bavi | October 11 – 12, 2002 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Maysak | October 28 – 29, 2002 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Linfa | May 29 – 30, 2003 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Japan | 41 | $28.2 million | |
| Nangka | June 1 – 2, 2003 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Taiwan, Philippines, Japan | None | None | |
| Koni | July 20 – 21, 2003 | 42 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 7 | $16.9 million | |
| Melor | October 31 – November 1, 2003 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Taiwan, Philippines, Japan | 4 | None | |
| Omais | May 19, 2004 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
| Chanthu | June 12, 2004 | 18 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | 39 | $7.9 million | |
| Sarika | September 5 – 6, 2004 | 42 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Kulap | January 17 – 18, 2005 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
| Roke | March 16, 2005 | 18 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines | 7 | $166,000 | |
| Banyan | July 23 – 25, 2005 | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
| Sanvu | August 12 – 13, 2005 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, East China | None | None | |
| Guchol | August 22 – 25, 2005 | 78 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Bolaven | November 17 – 19, 2005 | 54 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Bilis | July 10 – 14, 2006 | 102 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Taiwan, East China | 859 | $4.4 billion | |
| Bopha | August 7 – 8, 2006 | 33 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Taiwan, East China | 7 | None | |
| Wukong | August 14 – 17, 2006 | 72 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Japan, South Korea | 2 | None | |
| Bebinca | October 4 – 5, 2006 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan, | 33 | None | |
| Danas | September 9 – 11, 2007 | 48 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Lekima | October 1 – 3, 2007 | 72 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | 110 | $125 million | |
| Podul | October 6 – 7, 2007 | 30 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Faxai | October 26 – 27, 2007 | 24 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Japan | 1 | $1.5 million | |
| Matmo | May 16, 2008 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, Japan | None | None | [5] |
| Halong | May 17 – 19, 2008 | 48† | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Philippines, Japan | 61 | $100 million | [6] |
| Kammuri | August 6, 2008 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Taiwan, Vietnam | 204 | $200 million | [7] |
| Phanfone | August 10, 2008 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [8] |
| Vongfong | August 16 – 17, 2008 | 42 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Japan | 1 | None | [9] |
| Maysak | November 8 – 9, 2008 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | 30 | None | [10] |
| Linfa | June 19 – 21, 2009 | 54 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Japan | 7 | $105 million | |
| Krovanh | August 29 – 31, 2009 | 54 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Japan | None | None | [11] |
| Dujuan | September 5 – 10, 2009 | 120 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None |
2010s
[edit]From 2010 to 2019, the JMA tracked a total of 52 severe tropical storms. In December 2011, Severe Tropical Storm Washi impacted the southern part of the Philippines, killing a total of 2,546 people, making it one of the deadliest tropical cyclones to hit the country.[12] Mekkhala in January 2015 also affected the Philippines, but was notable for interrupting Pope Francis’ visit to the country.[13] Nine months later saw the most damaging severe tropical storm of the decade, where Etau mainly affected Japan, causing damages of up to ¥294 billion (US$2.44 billion) due to extreme flooding and various landslides.[14] Moreover, Tropical Storm Pewa moved into the Northwest Pacific basin from the Central Pacific and was classified as a severe tropical storm by the JMA.[15]
| Name | Duration as a Severe tropical storm |
Duration (hours) |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dianmu | August 9 – 10, 2010 | 45 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan, South Korea | 37 | $42 million | [16] |
| Lionrock | August 30 – 31, 2010 | 42 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China | None | $65.1 million | [17] |
| Malou | September 5 – 6, 2010 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan | None | None | [18] |
| Meranti | September 9, 2010 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Taiwan, East China | 3 | $118 million | [19] |
| Meari | June 23 – 26, 2011 | 96 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Japan, South Korea | 11 | $1.24 million | [20] |
| Nock-ten | July 28 – 39, 2011 | 48 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | 128 | $126 million | [21] |
| Merbok | August 6 – 9, 2011 | 78 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [22] |
| Talas | August 27 – September 3, 2011 | 168 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Japan | 82 | $600 million | [23] |
| Washi | December 16, 2011 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines | 2,546 | $97.8 million | [24] |
| Sanvu | May 24 – 26, 2012 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | $20,000 | [25] |
| Talim | June 19, 2012 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Taiwan | 1 | $356 million | [26] |
| Khanun | July 17 – 18, 2012 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan, Korean Peninsula | 89 | $11.4 million | [27] |
| Kirogi | August 9, 2012 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [28] |
| Ewiniar | September 26 – 28, 2012 | 72 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | [29] |
| Maliksi | October 3 – 4, 2012 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | [30] |
| Gaemi | October 3, 2012 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, Indochina | 5 | $4.1 million | [31] |
| Maria | October 15, 2012 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | [32] |
| Sonamu | January 5 – 6, 2013 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Borneo | 2 | None | [33] |
| Rumbia | July 1, 2013 | 6 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | 7 | $191 million | [34] |
| Jebi | August 2 – 3, 2013 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 7 | $80.9 million | [35] |
| Trami | August 19 – 22, 2013 | 60 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Philippines, East China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | 34 | $598 million | [36] |
| Pewa | August 19, 2013 | 18 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [37] |
| Kong-rey | August 28, 2013 | 27 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, Japan | 9 | $21.2 million | [38] |
| Pabuk | September 22 – 26, 2013 | 114 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | [39] |
| Tapah | April 29 – 30, 2014 | 30 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Wake Island, Japan | None | None | [40] |
| Nakri | July 31 – August 2, 2014 | 42 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Japan, Korean Peninsula | 15 | $114,000 | [41] |
| Fengshen | September 7 – 10, 2014 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Japan | None | None | [42] |
| Kammuri | September 26 – 27, 2014 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | [43] |
| Mekkhala | January 16 – 17, 2015 | 30 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines | 3 | $8.92 million | [44] |
| Linfa | July 8 – 9, 2015 | 36 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China | 1 | $285 million | [45] |
| Etau | September 8, 2015 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan | 8 | $2.44 billion | [46] |
| Choi-wan | October 4 – 6, 2015 | 36 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Wake Island, Japan | None | None | [47] |
| Mirinae | July 27, 2016 | 6 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | South China, Indochina | 7 | $346 million | [48] |
| Nida | July 31 – August 1, 2016 | 48 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam | 6 | $316 million | [49] |
| Omais | August 5 – 9, 2016 | 96 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan, Russia Far East | None | None | [50] |
| Chanthu | August 14 – 17, 2016† | 60 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Japan, Russia Far East | None | $94.7 million | [51] |
| Aere | October 7 – 8, 2016 | 30 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Indochina | 35 | $112 million | [52] |
| Tokage | November 26, 2016 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | 1 | $30,000 | [53] |
| Merbok | June 12, 2017 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | None | $88.3 million | [54] |
| Nanmadol | July 2 – 4, 2017 | 54 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Japan | 42 | $1.68 billion | [55] |
| Talas | July 16, 2017 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Vietnam, Hainan | 14 | $79.2 million | [56] |
| Pakhar | August 26 – 27, 2017 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 13 | $115 million | [57] |
| Mawar | September 2 – 3, 2017 | 36 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, South China | None | $1.53 million | [58] |
| Saola | October 27 – 29, 2017 | 63 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Japan | None | $250 million | [59] |
| Maliksi | June 9 – 11, 2018 | 66 | 110 km/h (65 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Japan | 2 | None | [60] |
| Ampil | July 19 – 21, 2018 | 54 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands, East China | 1 | $241 million | [61] |
| Wukong | July 25, 2018 | 18 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Japan, South Korea | None | None | [62] |
| Leepi | August 13 – 14, 2018 | 42 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [63] |
| Usagi | November 23 – 24, 2018 | 42 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia | 4 | $40.5 million | [64] |
| Bailu | August 22 – 24, 2019 | 48 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China | 3 | $28.2 million | [65] |
| Matmo | October 30, 2019 | 18 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand | 2 | $39.3 million | [66] |
| Fung-wong | November 20 – 21, 2019 | 30 | 110 km/h (65 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | [67] |
2020s
[edit]As of 2021, seven severe tropical storms have developed this decade.
| Name | Duration as a Severe tropical storm |
Duration (hours) |
Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mekkhala | August 10, 2020 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, East China | None | $159 million | |
| Higos | August 18 – 19, 2020 | 12 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 7 | $143 million | |
| Dolphin | September 22 – 23, 2020 | 48 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Kujira | September 28 – 30, 2020 | 48 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Atsani | November 4 – 6, 2020 | 54 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan | None | $101,000 | |
| Nida | August 6 – 8, 2020 | 48 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Mirinae | August 7 – 8, 2021 | 24 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands, Japan | None | None | |
| Kompasu | October 10 – 13, 2021 | 66 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam | 44 | $127 million | |
| Namtheun | October 16, 2021 | 12 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Ma-on | August 22 – 25, 2022 | 66 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 3 | $46.2 million | |
| Kulap | September 26 – 29, 2022 | 66 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Nalgae | October 28 – November 1, 2022 | 78† | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, South China | 160 | $321 million | |
| Talim | July 16 – 18, 2023 | 54 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Philippines, South China, Vietnam | 3 | $364 million | |
| Damrey | August 26 –28, 2023 | 48† | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None |
Climatology
[edit]| Month | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| January | |
| February | |
| March | |
| April | |
| May | |
| June | |
| July | |
| August | |
| September | |
| October | |
| November | |
| December |
| Period | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| 1977–79 | |
| 1980s | |
| 1990s | |
| 2000s | |
| 2010s | |
| 2020s |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b WMO/ESCP Typhoon Committee (2019). Typhoon Committee Operational Manual Meteorological Component 2019 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 1–7, 33–34. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2008-03-31). "What are the description labels used with tropical cyclones by JTWC?". Joint Typhoon Warning Center – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Retrieved 2008-12-22.
- ^ a b Typhoon Committee (2015). Typhoon Committee Operational Manual 2015 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
- ^ Qiang Zhang; Liguang Wu & Qiufeng Liu (April 2009). "Tropical Cyclone Damages in China: 1983-2006". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 90 (4). American Meteorological Society: 490. Bibcode:2009BAMS...90..489Z. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2631.1.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 0803 MATMO (0803)". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 16, 2008. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 0804 HALONG (0804)". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 23, 2008. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 0809 KAMMURI (0809)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 0810 PHANFONE (0810)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 0811 VONGFONG (0811)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track for 2008". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 19, 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-05-06.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 0911 KROVANH (0911)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 2, 2009. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ Ramos, Benito T. Final Report on the Effects and Emergency Management re Tropical Storm "Sendong" (Washi) (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
- ^ "Storm forces Pope Francis to shorten Leyte visit". Rappler. 17 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "平成 27 年の水害被害額（確報値）を公表" (PDF) (in Japanese). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. March 22, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
- ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 01C (Pewa) Warning Nr 08". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 18, 2013. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1004 DIANMU (1004)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 24, 2010. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1006 LIONROCK (1006)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 14, 2010. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1009 MALOU (1009)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 5, 2010. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1010 MERANTI)" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. November 11, 2010.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1105 MEARI (1105)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 28, 2011. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1108 NOCK-TEN (1108)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 31, 2011. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1110 MERBOK (1110)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 26, 2011. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1112 TALAS (1114)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 14, 2011. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1121 WASHI (1121)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 18, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1202 SANVU (1202)". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 29, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1205 TALIM (1205)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 27, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1207 KHANUN (1207)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1212 KIROGI (1212)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 25, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1218 EWINIAR (1218)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 26, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1219 MALIKSI (1219)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 26, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1220 GAEMI (1220)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 31, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1222 MARIA (1222)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 22, 2012. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1301 SONAMU (1301)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 25, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1306 RUMBIA (1306)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 24, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1309 JEBI (1309)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 20, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1312 TRAMI (1312)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 24, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1313 PEWA (1313)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 27, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1315 KONG-REY (1315)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 27, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1316 PABUK (1316)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 23, 2013. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1405 TAPAH (1405)". Japan Meteorological Agency. May 21, 2014. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1412 NAKRI (1412)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 17, 2014. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1414 FENGSHEN (1414)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 17, 2014. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1417 KAMMURI (1417)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 17, 2014. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1501 MEKKHALA (1501)". Japan Meteorological Agency. February 17, 2015. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1510 LINFA (1510)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 24, 2015. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1518 ETAU (1518)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 21, 2015. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1523 CHOI-WAN (1523)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 17, 2015. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1603 MIRINAE (1603)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 2, 2016. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1604 NIDA (1604)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 2, 2016. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1605 OMAIS (1605)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 15, 2016. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1607 CHANTHU (1607)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 21, 2016. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1619 AERE (1619)". November 22, 2016. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1625 TOKAGE (1625)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 27, 2016. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1702 MERBOK (1702)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 19, 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1703 NANMADOL (1703)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1704 TALAS (1704)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 29, 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1714 PAKHAR (1714)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1716 MAWAR (1716)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1722 SAOLA (1722)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 8, 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1805 MALIKSI (1805)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 18, 2018. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1810 AMPIL (1810)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 4, 2018. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1815 LEEPI (1815)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 4, 2018. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1805 MALIKSI (1805)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 18, 2018. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Best Track 1829 USAGI (1829)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22.
- ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track 1911 BAILU (1911)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 4, 2019. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019.
- ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track 1922 MATMO (1922)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 24, 2019. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019.
- ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track 1927 FUNG-WONG (1927)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 16, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-01-16.