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NZBDM

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websites

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  • [[ * [[ ]] NZR Magazine ]] NZR Magazine
  • [2] NZRLS website
  • [3] ASH + Ancestor Search Helper
  • [[5]] Southern Cross
  • [7] Register of Persons naturalised in New Zealand before 1948

== Social scientists == re categories

World War II

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  • see 'D-DAY through German Eyes" by Jonathan Trigg (2019) [1]

[2]


  • see "To VE-DAY through German Eyes by Jonathan Trigg (2019) [3]


p 11

p12 Maj-Gen John p28-9 criticizes Ike by solving Montys controversial proposal for a "single narrow thrust into the north Germany through the Nethelands and over the Rhine and into the industrial heartland the Ruhr thn across the North German plain to Berlin spearheaded by Montys Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group. But with shortages of British and Canadian replacements ...

p12 blunders by Ike & Monty Ike ignored the Clausewitzian maxim on conentration of force as "he who attacks everything attacks nothing" Monty - surprise capture of Antwerp but refused to capture the estuary so it was an"unbelievable" eighty-five days before the first supplies were unloaded on Antwerp wharves but Monty found he had a whole airborn army "burning a hole in his pocket" so Market Garden and the disaster at Arnhem

p30-32 Bradley favoured a thrust further south under US command

p34-35 for logistics - fuel and food - the allies needed a deep-water port to replace the Normandy beachhead - but Brest was German-held as a fortress under Hitlers orders and the port was destroyed.

p 34-35 Antwerp was captured but Monty delayed capturing the Scheldt estuary and Walcheren in favour of Market Garden.

p34-35 von Zangen passed on the order from OB West to his command the 15.Armee saying the Allies might "deliver a death blow at the North German plain and Berlin before the onset of winter .. we must hold the Schelde fortifications to the end" So by Monty's delay Schwalbe was "gifted an unbelievable sixteen nights" to affect the miraculous escape of 15.Armee

p75 In 2 September Patton reached the River Moselle (before Allan Adair & Montys XXX Corps entered Brussels) an ran out of gas (150 miles to the south)! then he only got 25,390 gallons, 1/8 of what he asked for! He had planned to leap the Moselle, bypas Metz and head for the Rhenish cities of Mainz and Mannheim deep in the Third Reich. But though theway was open for the third Army to reach the Rhine Patton (p77) needed gas and ammo - and Monty got IKe to back MG and the bulk of supplies went there.

Sp77-79 Patton launched "the least inspired and most wasteful battle of his extraordinary career in an attack on Metz which dragged on thru Sept and October util it surrendered on 22 Nov (

p78 Blaskowitz (who was sacked by Hitler) commented "A direct attack on Metz was unnecessary - in contrast a swerve northward in the direction of Luxembourg and Bitburg would have met with greater success and caused our 1.Armee's right flank to collapse followed by the breakdown of our 7.Armee"

HW - Tucker-Jones

p50 Antewerp docks fell into Allied hands thamks to ther quick actions of the Belgian resistance, but Monty failed to secure the Scheldt, despite the RN warning that Antwerp was as much use as Timbuktoo without the approaches. Monty seemed to rely on French channel ports, but Le Havre (1st week Oct) Bologne (mid-Oct) and Calais (Nov, for personnel only) were not usable until October or November because of destruction. Monty allowed the bulk of the German 15th Army to escpe across the Scheldt. hacing only two arvoured divisions clearing the sewardapproaches to Antwerp, and they were told not to commit to ogfensivre operations from 9 September , as all resources were committed to Monty's 30th corps driving on Arnhem.


Hitler was granted 85 days from the fall of Antwerp to start using the port to bring in supplies, and Hitler gained breathing space for an attack through the Ardennes - the port had become Hitler's "holy grail" p52.

By the end of March 1945 10.300 V-weapons had hit 65 sq mile s of Greater Antwerp, with 60% within an eight-mile radius of the city centre.Butid not deny allies the port as minimal damage ws caused by justve r300 V-weapons - sinking one ship and damaging 16 others, and a hit on the Kruisschans Lock did not stop it functionig One dry dockwas pout out of action, but was repaired in three weeks.p212

The V4 was a solid fuel rocket named the "Rhine Messenger" and was the first V-weapon to go into action. A salvo of 24 was fired at Antwerp on 24 December 1944 but they were "woefully inaccurate" and after another salvo was launched at the port SS -Lieutenant General Hans Kammeler gave up on the Kruisschns Lock-4 programme. HWp211 HWp20-090-21

Hitler hoped that his V-weapons would destroy the vital Kruisschns Lock which controlled the water level at the A. docks - if thee outer an inner gates could be blown the docks would become tidal and the quays could be damaged .H.imagined flying ombs and rockets raining down on the docks HW p209-212

Speer regarded the V2 as a waste of resouces, The V-weapons pogrmme wasted resources equivalent to 24,000 new fighterplanes. HW p211-214


V-weapons

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The V-1 was initially the responsibility of Lieutenant General Erich Heinemann, who with his subordinate Colonel Max Wachtel was also responsible for coordination with Major General Walter Dornberger who ran the V-2 program. But afgter the attempt onHitler in July 1944 Himmle put his abitious acolyte sS Lieutnnt Hns Kammler in charge of the V-2 program. Kamr put the brutal SS-Colonel Behr in charge of security; Behr had Duth slave lbour to build the siters who were hen sot; likewise Dutch girls in the soldiers' brothels after two weeks.

Dornberger regarded the attack on Antwerp asa job for the Luftwaffe rather than the V-2 but it was beyond its capabilities. and after their "not very promising" attavk on Antwerp wth the V-2 (12 october) and the first V-1 on the 23rd Hinman ws sacked and plaer o the retired list.

Battle of the Bulge

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one of the biggest challlenges for Model was to get his armour over at least eight rivers before even reaching the Meuse: from north to south they were the Ourthe, Ambleve, Salm, Our, Clerf, Wiltz, Sure and Sauer.

but most of the Army assault and pontoon bridging was on the Eastern front. During the attack the Red Army had blown up all the major bridges. which German engineers replaced with temporary crossings and then more permanent structures. But these were attacked by Red partisans; so the military bridging equipment had to be retained. HW p53-56

In November 1944 ...

Jochim Peiper had been relieved of command following a nervous breakdown during the fighting around Caen. hospital initial in Paris, and then to Tegernsee Reserve Hospital in Bavaria, near his wife Sigi and the children.

When he rejoined his regiment in October 1944. In November the 1t SS Panzer Corps was moved to the Cologne area to assist cleanup after Allied bombing. The new recruits were appalled by having to retrieve mashed and mangled bodies. Peiper remarked "Their hatred for the enemy was such ... I swear it. I could not always keep it under control". After going to Duren after a raid he confesssed that he "wanted to castrate the swine ho did this with a broken glass bottle" They wanted revenge.

Economy of Germany

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Attacks on synfuel plants by USAAF on 7 July with 1100 liberators and Flying Fortresses to hitanircraft factoties near Leipsig andsynfuel plants at aleuna-aamerseburg, Boehlemand Lutzkendorf - Walter Dahl saw a suadron of LIbertot]rs seemed to be flying without any escor cover and all 12 Libberators of the 492nd bombardment group were massaacered in under 2 minutes 1944 comment - "the brigade had contant fuel difficulties and mot of the tactical decisions made were dependentonthe fuel situation p143 == pilots "wererestricted to five take-offs and landings each day due to fuel shortages and Allied fighter activity "ad new pilot ha next to no training p148

p111 Ploesti oil - ll Hitler had after losing Romania and Hitler remained obsessed by it almost to the very end p15 Wilhelm p201 (REd Army pushing hard into eastern Germany - acc to Keitel "The Fiuhrer attached decisive importance to securing Vienna and Austria ... it would be better to allow Berlin to fall, than to lose Hungary's oil and Austria Heinz guderain areed on Hitler's thinking as - p201-2 - The destruction of the greater part of our synthetic fuel industry meant that OKW now had to make do with such supplies as came from wells at Zistersdorf in Austria, and from around Lake Balaton in Hungary, which partly explains Hitler's otherwise incomprehnsible decision to send th mass forces freed in the West to Hungary

HW - In Sept 1944 Hitler still had (on paper at least) over ten million men under arms; seven and a half million in the Army and Waffen SS. But Hitler kept them spread over half of Europe rather than defending Germany, many in "hopelessly exposed' positions in the Baltic states, the Balkans and Scandanavia - he kept the Netherlands to launch V-weapon against England, Croatia and Hungary as their bauxite was needed for new jet fighters, the Baltic Coat for training grounds and Norway as a base for U-boats, ffffff Speer complained, asking how he was suppsd to r-equip the armies if 50,000 men were transfered from factories to the army, though Hitler thought that production would not be affected until spring 1945. And while workers could have been replaced by women but Hitler wanted that women to remain at home and that domestic servants remain in service although German women born between 1919 and 1928 were instructed to register for war duties.

Mounting deparation so some foreign labourrs were iven special ration cards, and school holidays were made indefinite for children over 12 so that they could work or be recruited into flak units defending German cities. The LUftwafge's anti-aircraft batteries ended up with over a million male and female Flakhelfer or Flak-helpers, tying up yet more precious manpower.

The "neglected "Siegfried Line also need to be be garrisoned and rebuilt, with training regiments and officer cadet schools used, and ..vn men on leave or convalessing in hospital

HWp62,63


HWp63



p115, 201 Trigg? Hungarian oil


  • Hitler said G.. dependent on Romanian oil and Swedish iron ore (ref?)

8 ref to synthetic oil from coal?

Appeasement 1938

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Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page).

  • Bouverie [5]
  • Bouverie, Tim (2019). Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill and the Road to War. London: The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1847-924407.
  • Faber {{sfn| Faber | 2008 |pp= }
  • Faber, David (2008). Munich: The 1938 Appeasement Crisis. New York & London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84737-008-2.


  • book on Treasury mentioned
  • Phillips[6] Henry Roseveeare p430 - 1969 book in The Treasury: The Evoluion of a British Institution


  • Phillips, Adrian (2019). Fighting Churchill, Appeasing Hitler. New York & London: Pegasus Books. pp. 210–21. ISBN 978-1-64313-221-1.
  • Churchill isolated in the 30s by his unpopular ciews on the Kings abdicatiomn and opposition to Indian autonomy,c
  • feew supprter in Tory party - Bracken and Bob Bootby involved in Czech gold (6 million pounds)<being handed over to the Nazis in 1 May 1939 Pp302-306 Bracken & Boothby both regarded by trad Tories as near-criminals Pp30
  • Appeasers also Reith BBC & Montagu Norman Bank of E
  • Horace Wilson close confidant of Chamberlain


  • FO bypassed by NC & HW . AT ncs first meeting withAHbBrit deied access to intpreter Paul Schmdt 's notes so sus. FO senty note-taker


  • Plan X and Plan Y in 1938 (or 1939)
  • Plan Z


  • Justificataon
  • Appears pro-German and anti-French
  • said to be temporary while UK rearmed but not true (B p420-42)
    • C and W said it was to b a perm peace but Germany outarmed UK in period between Munich and war, also C even after Munich only increased defence spending reluctantly, eeping it prudent


  • David Low fte personal appeal by Halifax at the Bayswater flat of the proprieterof the Evening Standard Michael Wardell he aagreed to tone down as he "didn't want to be responsible for a world war .. I'll sloow don a bit" wit the composite dictator charcter "Muzzler" but only till Hitler marched into Austria Bp150

Television

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Treaty

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The Treaty of Louviers (Trêve de Louviers) was signed in January 1196 by Philip II of France and Richard I of England between Issoudun and Chârost, when Richard appeared after riding over 150 miles (240 km) in three days. Philip asked permission for his army to leave, and when Richard refused they talked terms. The two kings met between the lines and had private words. They then dismounted, removed their helmets and exchanged a kiss of peace. [7]

Philip gave back the territory recently gained from Richard in return for the Vexin [8], and Alays of France who had been betrothed to Richard in 1169 when she was 8 years old was returned to Philip. The Treaty confirmed the Treaty of Issoudon signed by Richard and Philip in December 1195.

The treaty was “made to be broken” [9] as it clearly stated that ‘’Andeley shall not be fortified”, [10] but Richard constructed Chateau Gaillard on the Rock of Andeley in 1197, [11] although it was captured after Richard’s death by Philip in 1204 after a siege [12] Crowns p 141-152.

It was a temporary winter truce in their rivalry. The conflict between the Plantagenet kings of England and the Capetian kings of France lasted from 1159 to 1259 in the 12th and 13th centuries; see Capetian-Plantagenet rivalry.

Further reading

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References

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Category:1196 in Europe Category:1190s in France Category:1190s in England Category:Treaties of France Category:Treaties of England

NZBDM

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AR & S&A

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  • Nancy unlike Peggy realises that what thy do re the GA will affect Mother
    • SD p221
    • WH

Categories

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Category:21st-century sportswomen

World War II

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final defeat

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=

Pope-Hennessy

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Add to Noel Coward: When Coward died in 1973, a biography was commissioned from James Pope-Hennessy; but Pope-Hennessy openly spoke of the advance, which was apparently held in cash in his flat. In 1974 he died during a botched attempted robbery.

  • The Quest for Queen Mary (2018), page 217; James Pope-Hennessy; edited and with text by by Hugo Vickers (includes 1955 interviews with the Duke and Duchess)

Add to Duke of Windsor

Zuleika/Hodder & Stoughton London ISBN 978-1-529-33062-5 Trade pb 978-1-529-33064-9

Korean War

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Category:Battles and operations of the Korean War in 1950 Category:Battles of the Korean War involving South Korea Category:Battles of the Korean War involving North Korea Category:Battles of the Korean War involving South Korea Category:Battles of the Korean War involving the United States Category:Battles of the Korean War involving

Category:Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1952

Rebus

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  • Fastest, first and best, Laidlaw is the melancholy heir to Marlow. Reads like a breathless scalpel cut through the bloody heart of a city: (Denise Mina).
  • The Laidlaw books are not just great crime novels, they are important ones: (Mark Billingham).
  • It's hard to comprehend how radically different William McIllvanney's novels were from anything that preceeded them: (Val McDermid).
  • The Laidlaw books are like fine malt whisky - the pure distilled essence of Scottish crime writing: (Peter May).

Templates for crime in countries by year/decade

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For Zimbabwe the year template works as expected with Category:2007 crimes in Zimbabwe generating the parent the parent Category:Crimes in Zimbabwe by year.

But the “decade” template Category:2000s crimes in Zimbabwe generates the parent Category:Crime in Zimbabwe by decade.rather than “Crimes in …., although this was changed after discussion recently. Can someone correct this please?

Categories

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Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1228 Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1228 Category:Churches completed in 1228 Category:Mosques completed in 1228

Book Review

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A review of a new 127-page book from the New Zealand Defence Force (by two government historians). Hugo999 (talk) 10:50, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

  • Crawford, John; Buck, Matthew (2020). Phenomenal and Wicked: Attrition and Reinforcements in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli. Wellington: New Zealand Defence Force. ISBN 978-0-478-34812-5.

"Phenomenal and Wicked" was published by the New Zealand Defence Force in August 2020; ISBN 978-0-478-34812-5. It is available as an ebook: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/ebook.html

"Phenomenal and Wicked: Attrition and Reinforcements in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli" is by two New Zealand historians John Crawford and Matthew Buck. Service by Australian and New Zealand troops (the Anzacs) in the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915 in World War I was a major source for the Anzac legend

Crawford and Buck reveal the high attrition rate at Gallipoli where over 16,000 (perhaps 17,000) soldiers in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force served. While the book is mainly a technical discussion of troop numbers, the revised numbers should be part of our Gallipoli story. The title is from a comment of the British commander in Egypt to General Godley that “the appetite of the Dardanelles for men has been phenomenal and wicked”. Godley wrote in April that a proposal to send a complete new mounted rifles brigade should be resisted as “useless .... What we want is a perpetual stream of reinforcements. We cannot have too many.”

The "demi-official" history “The New Zealanders at Gallipoli” (1919) says 8556 NZEF (New Zealand Expeditionary Force) personnel landed at Gallipoli, according to General Sir Ian Hamilton’s introduction to Major Fred Waite’s book; but Waite himself thought the number too low. The resulting high casualty rate supported the idea of “New Zealand exceptionalism.” Richard Stowers, author of “Bloody Gallipoli: the New Zealanders at Gallipoli” (2005) noted that this figure meant a much higher casualty rate than the Australians, although he found that the casualty rate for the Auckland Mounted Rifles was similar to Australia. His estimate from examining the NZEF Gallipoli war diaries was 13,977. Subsequent historians David Green, Ian McGibbon and Glyn Harper have arrived at 13,000 or more, perhaps 14,000 (Green). Chris Pugsley in “Gallipoli: the New Zealand Story” (1984) noted at least 14,720 disembarkations to the peninsula, but he found some were injured or sick soldiers returning from convalescence not new arrivals. NZEF deaths there were 2701 (Pugsley), 2721 (McGibbon) or 2779 (Stowers).

From 2015 Buck and Crawford were on a government inter-departmental working group studying the records; including the June-August notebooks of the Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, Captain Nathaniel Thoms, a staff officer at the Headquarters of the New Zealand and Australian Division who recorded at least 4332 fresh (not recycled) NZEF reinforcements, showing a significant understatement for the NZEF total. Individual service files for 2429 members of the 6th reinforcements were examined, and showed that at least 1860 had served on the peninsula. About 20% of the files were inconclusive although probably the majority of them had served there. Also examined were the “Distribution of Troops” records, as the New Zealand and Australian governments had agreed to pay the full costs for troops overseas, so paid the War Office six shillings per diem (day) based on a return at the first of each month. So they concluded New Zealand had 16,000 to 17,000 troops who landed at Gallipoli, with an upper number of 17,466. Up to November 1915, 25,000 NZEF personnel arrived in Egypt and so were available for Gallipoli.

Initially, fewer NZEF soldiers were landed than previously thought. After the disastrous landing of April 1915 too far north at ANZAC Cove the Australians and New Zealanders were confined to a tiny and precarious beachhead, with no space for support troops and equipment. At the end of April General Birdwood was telling GHQ MEF (General Headquarters Mediterranean Expeditionary Force) that he could not land 6000 horses as there was no water for them. GHQ MEF was unhappy that the ANZAC force would be immobilised on the beachhead, but they would have been no use. Some of the thousands of men and horses remained on board ship for up to a month. Birdwood signalled on 17 May that 17 transports would be returning to Alexandria to offload 5251 horses accompanied by 3217 men. GHQ MEF insisted that some of the men remain in Alexandria to look after the horses and guard ANZACs “many vehicles and mountains of baggage.” From 25 to 30 April only 44 horses were landed with the NZEF; for the artillery (NZFA); the No 1 Battery, Howitzer Battery and Divisional Train (but none for No 2 Battery!)

Prewar planning for the NZEF envisaged that to keep contingents up to strength, reinforcements of 5% of the strength would need to be despatched each month. In late 1914 this was raised to 10-15% based on British experience on the Western Front. The British and Dominion attrition rates at Gallipoli averaged 5% per week, caused by the August Offensive losses and the high rate of serious sickness. The Wellington Mounted Rifles landed 500 at Gallipoli, but only 24 of them were left when it embarked for Lemnos.

At Gallipoli there were troops from France (who sent 70,000, more troops than the Anzacs!), Britain, India and Newfoundland. A number of New Zealanders served with British or Australian units; both Oscar Freyberg, brother of Bernard Freyberg (the WWII NZEF commander) and John Allen the son of the Minister of Defence Sir James Allen died there serving with British units.

Categories

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20 May 2009(2009-05-20) (aged 65) for age on date

Categories II

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Having created Category:Transport companies disestablished in 1874 and Category:Transport companies disestablished in 1875; the 1875 category is empty and the 1874 category only contains a canal company article I added, i.e. neither has as subcategories Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1874 or Category:Railway companies disestablished in 1875. And though there are earlier-created Transport company categories for 1871, 1872, 1874 and 1876 they are not accessible from the new 1874 and 1875 categories, which show only their own year. Anyway this method of searching by year is laborious compared with clicking on a redlink in the “Railway companies disestablished in XXXX” category; for 19th century disestablishments there are c70 “Railway” categories compared with c15 Transport categories, leaving c55 Transport categories to create. Hugo999 (talk) 01:53, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

Categories III

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Category:German companies established in 1940 Category:German companies established in 1943 Category:German companies established in 1944 Category:German companies established in 2009

Category:February 2018 events in China Category:January 2020 events in China Category:2018 disasters in China Category:Railway stations in Hong Kong opened in 2020

Category:Chinese companies established in 2004 Category:April 2019 sports events in China

Category:December 1979 events in the United States Category:August 1981 events in the United States

Category:February 1969 sports events in the United States Category:March 1969 sports events in the United States Category:May 1969 sports events in the United States Category:October 1971 sports events in the United States Category:December 1971 sports events in the United States

Category:January 1991 events in the United Kingdom Category:December 1991 events in Canada

Category:October 1982 sports events in the United States Category:May 1985 sports events in the United States Category:February 1985 sports events in the United States

Category:April 1978 sports events in the United Kingdom Category:January 1977 sports events in the United Kingdom Category:September 1977 sports events in the United Kingdom Category:November 1997 sports events in the United Kingdom

Category:January 1977 events in the United Kingdom Category:September 1977 events in the United Kingdom Category:November 1977 events in the United Kingdom

Category:January 1990 sports events in Asia Category:February 1990 sports events in Asia Category:March 1990 sports events in Asia Category:April 1990 sports events in Asia Category:May 1990 sports events in Asia Category:June 1990 sports events in Asia Category:July 1990 sports events in Asia Category:August 1990 sports events in Asia Category:September 1990 sports events in Asia Category:October 1990 sports events in Asia Category:November 1990 sports events in Asia Category:December 1990 sports events in Asia Category:April 2009 sports events in Oceania Category:May 2009 sports events in Oceania Category:June 2009 sports events in Oceania Category:November 1981 events in Oceania

Category:2016 in Los Angeles County Category:2017 in Los Angeles County Category:2018 in Los Angeles County Category:2019 in Los Angeles County

20 May 2009(2009-05-20) (aged 65) for age on date

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Category:United Kingdom buildings and structures templates Category:Wales templates


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Grade II listed buildings in London Grade II listed buildings in London


Check if any articles in category

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Category:June 2014 events in the United KIngdom Category:July 2014 events in the United KIngdom Category:August 2014 events in the United KIngdom Category:September 2014 events in the United KIngdom Category:October 2014 events in the United KIngdom Category:November 2014 events in the United KIngdom Category:December 2014 events in the United KIngdom

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NZ Elections

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Changes during term

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There were a number of changes during the term of the 10th Parliament:

|1888 |Ashley |25 July |William Pearson |Death |John Verrall |- |1889 |Lincoln |16 January |Arthur O'Callaghan |Resignation |Alfred Saunders |- |1889 |City of Nelson |3 April |Henry Levestam |Death |Joseph Harkness |- |1889 |Christchurch North[14] |19 June |Julius Vogel |Resignation |Edward Humphreys |- |1889 |Oamaru |30 September |Thomas William Hislop |Resignation |Thomas William Hislop |- |1889 |Waipa |21 November |William Jackson |Death |John Bryce |- |1889 |East Coast |13 December |Andrew Graham |Resignation |Alexander Creighton Arthur |- |1890 |Timaru |18 August |Richard Turnbull |Death |William Hall-Jones


1874 by-election 1874 Akaroa by-election Akaroa by-election, 1874 Tuapeka by-election, 1894 Tuapeka by-election, 1898

1854 Auckland by-election Auckland by-election, 1854

1854 Nelson by-election Nelson by-election, 1854 1854 Town of Nelson by-election Town of Nelson by-election, 1854

1862 New Plymouth by-election New Plymouth by-election, 1862 1862 Town of New Plymouth by-election Town of New Plymouth by-election, 1862

1863 New Plymouth by-election New Plymouth by-election, 1863 1863 Town of New Plymouth by-election Town of New Plymouth by-election, 1863

1867 New Plymouth by-election New Plymouth by-election, 1867 1867 Town of New Plymouth by-election Town of New Plymouth by-election, 1867

1869 New Plymouth by-election New Plymouth by-election, 1869 1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election Town of New Plymouth by-election, 1869

Parnell by-election, 1878 Peninsula by-election, 1883

Waitemata by-election, 1874

Dunedin by-election, 1878 Dunedin by-election, 1879 City of Dunedin by-election, 1878 City of Dunedin by-election, 1879 1878 Dunedin by-election 1879 Dunedin by-election

1886 Dunedin by-election 1915 Dunedin by-election 1886 Dunedin Central by-election 1915 Dunedin Central by-election Dunedin Central by-election 1886 Dunedin Central by-election 1915

Mount Herbert by-election, 1866

New Plymouth by-election, 1862 New Plymouth by-election, 1863 New Plymouth by-election, 1864 New Plymouth by-election, 1865 New Plymouth by-election, 1867 New Plymouth by-election, 1869

1862 New Plymouth by-election 1863 New Plymouth by-election 1864 New Plymouth by-election 1865 New Plymouth by-election 1867 New Plymouth by-election 1869 New Plymouth by-election

1860 Suburbs of Auckland by-election 1860 Suburbs of Auckland by-elections Suburbs of Auckland by-election, 1860 Suburbs of Auckland by-elections, 1860

1865 Bruce by-election 1865 Bruce by-elections Bruce by-election, 1865 Bruce by-elections, 1865

Dunedin by-election, 1867 1867 Dunedin by-election City of Dunedin by-election, 1867

Nelson by-election, 1854 1854 Nelson by-election Town of Nelson by-election, 1854

1877 Wellington by-election 1878 Wellington by-election 1892 Wellington by-election 1898 Wellington by-election 1899 Wellington by-election

Wellington by-election, 1858 Wellington by-election, 1877 Wellington by-election, 1878 Wellington by-election, 1892 Wellington by-election, 1898 Wellington by-election, 1899

City of Wellington by-election, 1858 City of Wellington by-election, 1877 City of Wellington by-election, 1878 City of Wellington by-election, 1892 City of Wellington by-election, 1898 City of Wellington by-election, 1899

City of Auckland West by-election, 1871 1871 City of Auckland West by-election Auckland West by-election, 1871 1871 Auckland West by-election

Earthquakes

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1942 Wairarapa earthquakes 1942 Wairarapa earthquake

Table for Everest

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Swiss; spring 1952 British; spring 1953
Climbers 9 12
High-altitude Sherpas 14 28
Oxygen 20,000 litres 193,000 litres
Weight of stores and equipment 4½ tons (4570 kg) 7½ tons (7615 kg)
Arrival in Namche 14 April 25 March
Man-days on & above South Col 18 33
Route up Lhoste face Ice couloir with no camps Lhotse Glacier with two camps
Name Height Length Opened Remarks
Staircase 72 m or 236 ft 149 m or 489 ft 1906
Broken River 55 m or 180 ft 133 m or 436 ft 1906
Slovens Creek 39 m or 128 ft 162 m or 531 ft 1910
Pattersons Creek 37 m or 121 ft 186 m or 610 ft 1906

Lists of New Zealand films

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  1. REDIRECT List of New Zealand films#2000s

New Zealand films Films

Category:New Zealand films by decade

Category:12th-century nobility Category:13th-century nobility Category:16th-century nobility Category:17th-century nobility

  1. REDIRECT United States Senate elections, 2020 #Oregon

2020 Oregon United States Senate

  1. REDIRECT United States gubernatorial elections, 2020#Utah

2020 Governor

  1. REDIRECT List of New Zealand films#2000s

New Zealand films Films Category:New Zealand films by decade

By-elections

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Egmont by-election, 1891 Newton by-election, 1891 Waikato by-election, 1891 1953 North Dunedin by-election North Dunedin (New Zealand electorate) 1953 Dunedin North by-election Dunedin North (New Zealand electorate)

Category:2019 fantasy novels

List of electoral firsts in New Zealand

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see List of electoral firsts in New Zealand, List of electoral firsts in the United Kingdom, List of electoral firsts in Canada)

Freer: A Lifetime in Politics: Mabel Howard deterioration p149; 1969 election lost by seamen's strike p152 Walter Nash: died 4 June 1968 aged 86y; served just under 40y and "was oldest member ever to sit in house, a record unlikely to be beaten" ... about 1950 Freer concluded "Nash was largely living in the past. He was very egoistical and wanted to hold all power in his hands. While in government he was responsible for delaying a number of decisions by instructing other ministers to refer files to him. These files ended up in a huge table in his office, and until he gave his approval they stayed there. One night when the house sat late he had offered to give me a lift to my digs in Petone. While waiting in his reception room I saw him simply moving files from one pile to another, giving an impression to his staff that he had been working on them. Nordmeyer would not have done that; he was a straightforward and honest man" p50

North-South Junction

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The section of railway now known as the North-South Junction or Paekakariki Bank between Pukerua Bay and Parekakariki is the remaining single-line section of the Kapiti Line which is part of the North Island Main Trunk in the North Island of New Zealand. Also known as the , in 5 km the line along the Paekakariki Escarpment and above SH1drops from 80m to 7m above sea-level or 1 in ..... Above SH1. (Parsons p136,80,42,43,47)

Constructed by the private Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company in 1879?? as part of the Wellington-Manawatu Line, it was the most difficult section to construct, and is now an *? km stretch of single track in the double track Kapiti Line. Proposals have been made to upgrade it.

From Wairarapa Line The next section, Paremata to Paekakariki, proved difficult - it included six tunnels built against a steep cliff face, and a large swamp outside a township to be known as Plimmerton. Rails reached Pukerua Bay in 1885, where a temporary tramway was constructed below No. 13 tunnel to allow goods and passengers to be transhipped to a stagecoach to Foxton. Material for the construction of the tunnels between Paekakariki and Pukerua Bay were unloaded at a makeshift wharf constructed in Brendan's Bay. Meanwhile, rails were within two miles of Waikanae in the north by 25 September, with a service from Otaki connecting the two railheads. The laying of the line from Pukerua Bay to Paekakariki was completed on 4 October 1886, and on 27 October the lines from Waikanae and Paekakariki met at Otaihanga.[15] The first revenue-earning train, a stock train from Longburn to Johnsonville with 355 sheep and 60 head of cattle, was on 30 October. The section was officially opened on 3 November 1886, when the last spike was driven at a public ceremony by the Governor of New Zealand, Sir William Jervois.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

Plot

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Cast

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(eg Category:19th-century American women writers or Category:19th-century Polish women)

References

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  • New Zealand Film 1912-1996 by Helen Martin & Sam Edwards p121 (1997, Oxford University Press, Auckland) ISBN 019 558336 1


Category:1981 Czechoslovak television series endings Category:1972 Czechoslovak television series endings

Reference

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  1. ^ Trigg 2019.
  2. ^
    • {{cite book |last=Trigg |first=Jonathan |date=2019 |title= D-Day Through German Eyes: How the Wehrmacht Lost France |accessdate= |edition= |origyear= |year= 2019 |publisher= Amberley Publishing |isbn= 978-1-4456-9944-8 |location= Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK |isbn= 978-1-4456-9944-8 |oclc= |page= |pages= }]
  3. ^ Trigg 2020.
  4. ^ Trigg, Jonathan (2017) [2013]. To VE-Day Through German Eyes: The Final Defeat of Nazi Germany (2 ed.). Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Amberley Press,. ISBN 978-1-4456-9944-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  5. ^ Bouverie 2019.
  6. ^ Phillips 2019.
  7. ^ McAuliffe 2012, pp. 14, 135.
  8. ^ Boyd 2014, p. 196.
  9. ^ McAuliffe 2012, p. 135.
  10. ^ Boyd 2014, p. 198.
  11. ^ McAuliffe 2012, p. 143-149.
  12. ^ McAuliffe 2012, pp. 186–8.
  13. ^ Pope-Hennessy & Vickers 2018, pp. 17, 18.
  14. ^ "Christchurch North Election". No. 6577. The Star. 20 June 1889. p. 3. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference uncommon_carrier was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Category:1986 films Category:New Zealand films Category:New Zealand comedy films Category:New Zealand horror films Category:Films set in New Zealand Category:English-language films Category:1980s comedy films Category:Films set in the 1960s Category:Films shot in New Zealand Category:Films based on New Zealand novels

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Categories

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List of electoral firsts in New Zealand lists members of the New Zealand Parliament who are notable for age (oldest or youngest) or length of service or by being the “first” for a group e.g. women, Māori, ethnic minorities or LGBT people.

The list is mainly for the House of Representatives rather than the former upper house (the Legislative Council, which was abolished in 1951), and may include the second and third people to attain a position also. Where a source is not given, the source may be the article on the MP.

Members of Parliament are now just referred to as "MPs" (Members of Parliament). Until 1907 members of the House of Representatives were designated "M.H.R." (Members of the House of Representatives). With Dominion status members were designated "M.P." by a Royal Proclamation of 10 September.[1]

Length of service and age

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Age when first elected

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The youngest MP elected was James Stuart-Wortley, who was 20 years and 258 days when elected in 1853; see Baby of the House for full list. The present "Baby of the House" is Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke, 21 when first elected.
In the later 20th-century Marilyn Waring was younger than Mike Moore and Simon Upton; all aged 23 years when they were first elected .

Age when retired or left

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  • Walter Nash died as an MP (having retired as party leader) aged 86 years, and was probably the oldest person to be a serving MP when he died.[2]

Longest-serving MPs

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Main article: List of longest-serving members of the New Zealand Parliament
  • Rex Mason was New Zealand's longest serving MP, 40 years from 1926 to 1966.
  • Keith Holyoake was probably New Zealand's second-longest serving MP and longest serving Prime Minister, 39 years from 1932 to 1938 and 1943 to 1977.
  • Walter Nash was probably New Zealand's third-longest serving MP, 38 years from 1929 to 1968.
  • Annette King was New Zealand's longest serving female MP, 30 years between 1984–90 and 1993–2017.[3]
  • Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan was New Zealand's longest serving female Maori MP, 29 years between 1967 and 1996.

Shortest-serving MP

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The MP with the shortest period of service is possibly Henry Jackson who served in 1879 from 2 July to 15 August; from the 1879 by-election to the 1879 general election. Jackson was sworn in on 11 July 1879 and parliament sat until 11 August.[4][5] Another person with a short tenure was William Cutfield King, who won election for the Grey and Bell electorate in the general election held on 27 November 1860. King was killed in the First Taranaki War on 8 February 1861, several months before parliament would next resume. Hence, King was never sworn in.[5][6]

Prime Minister

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The longest-serving prime minister is Richard Seddon at 13 years and 44 days; see List of prime ministers of New Zealand by time in office.
See also: List of prime ministers of New Zealand by age and List of prime ministers of New Zealand by date of birth.

Father of the House

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Main article: Father of the House (New Zealand)
The current Father of the House is Gerry Brownlee, who has served continuously since 1996, while the current Mother of the House is Judith Collins, who has served continuously since 2002.

New Zealand-born

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  • John Sheehan was the first New Zealand-born Member of Parliament elected by a general (rather than a Māori) electorate and he was the first New Zealand-born person to hold cabinet rank. Born in Auckland in 1844, he became an MP in 1872 and a cabinet minister in 1877.
  • Francis Bell was the first New Zealand-born Prime Minister, holding office for only 16 days in a caretaker capacity from 14 to 30 May 1925; from the death of William Massey until the appointment of Gordon Coates (also born in New Zealand).

Women

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Māori

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Other ethnic minorities

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Since the introduction of mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) in 1996, a number of people from ethnic minorities (other than Māori) have been selected by their party for the party list (some came into parliament between elections to replace a retiring list MP).

LGBT people

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  • 1993: Chris Carter was the first "openly gay" MP in New Zealand, and became a minister in 2002. He was followed by Tim Barnett who became an MP in 1996 (see LGBT in New Zealand).
  • 1999: Georgina Beyer was the first openly transsexual MP and the first MP to have been a sex worker.[14]
  • 2011: Grant Robertson was the first openly gay deputy leader of a political party.
  • 2020: Grant Robertson was the first openly gay Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand.

People with disabilities

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Former or future United Kingdom MPs

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  • 1890: William Shepherd Allen was the first to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament after serving in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1865 and 1886.
  • 1900: Cathcart Wason was the first former member of the New Zealand House of Representatives to be elected as a Westminster MP.
  • 1910: William Chapple was the first New Zealand-born Member of the UK Parliament. He was born in Alexandra, Central Otago.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Marilyn Waring and Colleen Dewe, elected for National in 1975, were at the time of their election, only the fourteenth and fifteenth women elected as a Member of Parliament in New Zealand.

References

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  1. ^ Scholefield, Guy (1932) [1908]. Who's Who in New Zealand (3 ed.). Wellington: Reed. p. 11.
  2. ^ Freer, Warren (2004). A Lifetime in Politics: the memoirs of Warren Freer. Wellington: Victoria University Press. p. 152. ISBN 0-86473-478-6.
  3. ^ "Labour's Grande Dame Annette King signs out". The New Zealand Herald. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  4. ^ "The opening of parliament". Otago Daily Times. No. 5428. 12 July 1879. p. 3. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  5. ^ a b Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer. p. 68.
  6. ^ "Continuation of journal". Taranaki Herald. Vol. IX, no. 445. 9 February 1861. p. 3. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Iriaka Rātana – first wahine Māori MP". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  8. ^ Atkinson, Neill. "Anderson, Mary Patricia". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  9. ^ Ballara, Angela. "Rātana, Iriaka Matiu". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Mothers in Parliament: The women who paved the way for Jacinda Ardern". Newshub. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  11. ^ "Interview with Ron Ng-Waishing". National Library of New Zealand. 1994. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  12. ^ "New Labour Post". The New Zealand Herald. 10 March 1995. p. 5.
  13. ^ Roy, Eleanor (17 October 2017). "Refugee MP Golriz Ghahraman on love, loathing and entering New Zealand politics". The Guardian.
  14. ^ "Georgina Beyer, from prostitution to parliament". Windy City Times. October 2008. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  15. ^ Taylor, Kerry. "Sidney Wilfred Scott". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 7 April 2019.


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