John Sheehan (New Zealand politician)

The Honourable John Sheehan
Sheehan circa 1884
5th Minister of Justice
In office 13 October 1877 – 8 October 1879
Prime Minister	George Grey
Preceded by	Charles Bowen
Succeeded by	William Rolleston
Personal details
Born	5 July 1844 Auckland, New Zealand
Died	12 June 1885(1885-06-12) (aged 40) Petane, New Zealand
Spouse	Lucy Caroline Young

John Sheehan (5 July 1844 – 12 June 1885) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. He was the first New Zealand-born Member of Parliament elected by a general electorate (rather than a Māori electorate) and he was the first New Zealand-born person to hold cabinet rank.

Biography

Early life and career

Sheehan was born in Auckland in 1844. He was educated at St Peter's School under the guidance of his teacher, Richard O'Sullivan and where he knew another later Cabinet Minister, Joseph Tole.

Political career

New Zealand Parliament

Years	Term	Electorate		Party
1872–1875	5th	Rodney			Independent
1876–1879	6th	Rodney			Independent
1879–1881	7th	Thames			Independent
1881–1884	8th	Thames			Independent
1885	9th	Tauranga			Independent

He was the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Māori Affairs from 1877 to 1879. He represented several North Island electorates: Rodney from 1872 to 1879, then Thames from 1879 to 1884, when he was defeated (for Napier by John Davies Ormond). He then represented Tauranga from a by-election on 22 May 1885 until he died shortly after on 12 June.

A fluent Māori speaker and a lawyer, he is noted for his efforts with the Repudiation Movement in the 1870s to solve land issues on behalf of Hawkes Bay Māori chiefs who claimed large European land holders, such as Donald McLean, had acquired land improperly. The Repudiation Movement failed but Sheehan gained a positive reputation with Māori leaders. In 1877 he became Native Minister in the Grey Government. He tried to negotiate land deals in Taranaki with iwi leaders and, in respect of the King Country, with King Tawhaio, but failed. However, during these meetings he discovered that Rewi Maniapoto wanted to sell land and negotiated land sales to Europeans in the King Country that the government hoped would speed up assimilation. Sheehan negotiated unsuccessfully with Te Whiti whose base of Parihaka was destroyed by the Armed Constabulary in November 1881 after Sheehan had ceased to hold ministerial office (in 1879). Sheehan was also active in promoting secular education and widening the franchise but he wanted only one system of Parliamentary representation, the abolition of separate Māori seats and the end of plural voting. He was one of the first ministers to advocate breaking up of the large runholder monopolies which he believed had created a social elite at the expense of the normal citizen.

Death

Sheehan died of pneumonia and cirrhosis of the liver in Petane (now Bay View) on 12 June 1885 aged 40 years. In 1890, his widow, Lucy Caroline Sheehan, married Herbert Samuel Wardell, previously a resident magistrate of Wellington. She was given away by John Nathaniel Wilson.

References

• Scholefield, Guy, ed. (1940). A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : M–Addenda (PDF). Vol. II. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.