Alec Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst
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The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst | |
|---|---|
 Hardinge in 1916 | |
| Private Secretary to the Sovereign | |
| In office 1936–1943 | |
| Monarchs | Edward VIII (1936) George VI (1936–1943) |
| Preceded by | The Lord Wigram |
| Succeeded by | Sir Alan Lascelles |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 May 1894 |
| Died | 29 May 1960 (aged 66) |
| Nationality | British |
| Parent(s) | Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst Winifred Sturt |
| Education | Harrow School |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
Major Alexander Henry Louis Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, GCB, GCVO, MC, PC (17 May 1894 – 29 May 1960) was Private Secretary to the Sovereign during the Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII and during most of the Second World War.
Background and earlier life
[edit]Hardinge was born in 1894, the son of Charles Hardinge (who was created Baron Hardinge of Penshurst in 1910 and served as Viceroy of India from 1910 to 1916).
Hardinge was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge.[1]
He was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards and fought in the First World War and became a Lieutenant and received the Military Cross. He was Aide-de-Camp to the Viceroy of India between 1915 and 1916.[1] In 1920, he became Assistant Private Secretary to George V and was promoted Captain.[1] On 8 February 1921, he married Helen Gascoyne-Cecil (a daughter of Lord Edward Gascoyne-Cecil) and they had three children. In 1929 he was promoted Major.
Hardinge served as Assistant Private Secretary until George V's death in January 1936.[1]
Private Secretary to Edward VIII and George VI
[edit]He was promoted to Private Secretary upon the accession of Edward VIII that same year, contributing to some delicate negotiations between the new king and the British government in the run up to the king's abdication in December 1936; he continued in this role under George VI until his early retirement in 1943.[2] Alan Lascelles, the Assistant Private Secretary, effected the forced resignation of Hardinge and took over as Private Secretary.[3]
Significantly, as Brandi McCarry's commentary has pointed out, Hardinge's ultimate loyalty lay with the King-in-Parliament rather than personally with a monarch in conflict (and especially when the conflict was between the Sovereign and "his" Parliament). This was particularly reflected in Hardinge's warning letter to Edward, received on 13 November 1936, which showed evidence of prior consultation with Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, who, with his cabinet, had serious misgivings about the suitability of Mrs Wallis Simpson as the possible spouse of the monarch.[4] The precise nature and extent of his loyalty were thus constitutional—doing what he thought was right in his post as Private Secretary to the Sovereign.[1]
Death and legacy
[edit]Hardinge died in 1960 and his title was inherited by his son, George.
His wife Helen wrote his biography Loyal to Three Kings, William Kimber, London 1967.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Vickers, Hugo (2004). "Hardinge, Alexander Henry Louis, second Baron Hardinge of Penshurst (1894–1960), private secretary to Edward VIII and George VI". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33702. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 3 April 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Hardinge of Penshurst, 2nd Baron, (Alexander Henry Louis Hardinge) (17 May 1894 – 29 May 1960)". WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u238243. ISBN 978-0-19-954089-1. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ The Quest for Queen Mary (2018) James Pope-Hennessy; edited and with text by Hugo Vickers. p. 17
- ^ Brandi McCarry Press, Politics and the Abdication of Edward VIII
Further reading
[edit]- Hardinge of Penshurst, Baron (UK, 1910), genealogy
- Hardinge, Charles, first Baron Hardinge of Penshurst (1858–1944), diplomatist and viceroy of India
- Hardinge's entry at Who's Who
- 1894 births
- 1960 deaths
- People educated at Harrow School
- Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
- Grenadier Guards officers
- British Army personnel of World War I
- Barons Hardinge of Penshurst
- Hardinge family
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
- Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
- Recipients of the Military Cross
- Private Secretaries to the Sovereign
- Assistant Private Secretaries to the Sovereign
- Abdication of Edward VIII
- Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
- People from Penshurst