Talk:Bible/Archive 20

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TOC Analysis

Source TOCs

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Legend: Development - Origins, authorship, texts/manuscripts, production, translation, transmission, and canonization of the Bible Context - the historical context in which the Bible was written; the influence of the outside world upon the Bible Genres - literary genres of the Bible (biblical genre) Theology - Religious teachings/instruction/interpretation of the Bible (Biblical theology) Criticism - methods of scholarly study of the Bible (biblical criticism) Influence - The influence of the Bible on the outside world John Barton (2010), The Bible: The Basics, Routledge Ch. 1: The Bible in the modern world Reading the Bible as Scripture (Truth, Relevance, Profundity, Consistency, Conformity with Christian Belief) Critical Reading (A Literary Approach, Neutrality) A Compromise? (Truth, Relevance, Profundity, Consistency, Conformity with Christian Belief) The Bible as a Cultural Artefact (Literary Influence, Reception History, Political Influence) Ch. 2: The Nature of the Bible The Biblical Canon ('Old Testament' or 'Hebrew Bible'?, Order of the Old Testament Books, The New Testament) The Transmission of the Bible (The Old Testament, The New Testament, Textual Criticism) Ancient Translations (The Targums, The Septuagint, The Vulgate) Modern Translations (Early Modern Translations, More Recent Translations) Attitude towards Translation The Origins of the Bible: The New Testament (Three Stages in the Growth of the New Testament, Pseudonymity, Place of Origin) The Origins of the Bible: Hebrew Bible (Three Stages in Composition of Narrative Books, Other Books, Late Datings) Non-Canonical Literature (Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, New Testament Apocrypha) Note: The Name of God Ch. 3: Major genres Narrative Prophecy and Apocalyptic Law Psalmody Wisdom Gospels The Letters (Epistles) Ch. 4: Religious themes The Nature of God The Figure of Jesus Evil in the World Eschatology Ethics Faith and Grace Ch. 5: The Bible and History History and the Hebrew Bible History and the New Testament Ch. 6: The Social World of the Bible Pre-Exilic Israel Post-Exilic Yehud and the Diaspora The Period of the New Testament Early Christianity Social and Religious Customs Ch. 7: Biblical Interpretation Today Form Criticism Redaction Criticism Structuralism Poststructuralism Newer Literary Approaches Canonical Criticism Advocacy Readings The Future of Biblical Interpretation John W. Rogerson (2012), An Introduction to the Bible, Equinox Publishing Ch. 1: What Is the Bible? Introduction Textual Questions Linguistic Differences Doctrinal Issues Ch. 2: How Biblical Writers Wrote (no subsections) Ch. 3: The Making of the Old Testament Historical Writings (The Tetrateuch, The Deuteronomistic History, The Chronicler's History) Laws (Civil Laws, Ceremonial Laws) Prophetic Literature Psalms 'Wisdom' Literature (The Book of Job, Ecclesiastes) Other Writings (Apocalyptic, Love Poetry, Novelistic Writings, Laments) The Making of the Old Testament as a Whole Ch. 4: The Making of the Apocrypha 'Historical' Writings (1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 3 Maccabees, 1 Esdras) Psalms (The Prayer of Manasseh, Psalm 151) 'Wisdom' Literature (Baruch, 4 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, The Wisdom of Jesus ben Sirach (Ecclesiasticus, also often cited as Sirach)) Apocalyptic Novelistic Writings (Tobit, Judith, Additions to Esther, Additions to Daniel) The Making of the Apocrypha as a Whole Ch. 5: The Making of the New Testament The Pauline Letters (1 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Philippians, Philemon) The Deutero-Pauline Letters (Colossians, Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians) The Pastoral Letters The Church in Syria (?) (Mark, 1 Peter) The Church in Antioch (?) (Matthew) The Lukan History The Church in Ephesus (John; 1, 2 and 3 John; Revelation) Miscellaneous (Jude and 2 Peter; Hebrews) The Making of the New Testament as a Whole Ch. 6: The Canon of the Bible Introduction The Jewish Canon The Septuagint The Vulgate The New Testament Printing Conclusion Ch. 7: The Study of the Bible The Old Testament, with Special Reference to Scientific Matters and to Biblical Criticism The Apocrypha The New Testament Fundamentalism Recent Developments Ch. 8: The Use of the Bible (no subsections) Michael Coogan (2021), The Bible: What Everyone Needs to Know, Oxford University Press Ch. 1: Bible and Bibles What is the Bible? What is a canon and why is it important? What is the Bible in Judaism? What are the Apocrypha? What are the Pseudepigrapha? What is the Bible in Christianity? What is the New Testament? Why is the Protestant Old Testament different from that of Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians? Ch. 2: Languages, Texts, and Translations What languages was the Bible written in? How many translations of the Bible are there? What are the oldest translations of the Bible? How do translators work? What is a literal translation? What is dynamic equivalence? What is textual criticism? What are some important English translations of the Bible? Should translations of the Bible use inclusive language? Why is translation so difficult? Ch. 3: The Contents of the Bible What are the books of the Bible? How were the books of the Bible named? Why is genre important? What are the principal genres in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament? Which books of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament are narrative history? Which books of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament are historical fiction? Does the Bible contain myths? Where are laws found in the Bible? Where are hymns and prayers found in the Bible? What is wisdom literature? What are proverbs? What is prophetic literature? What is apocalyptic literature? What are the principal genres in the New Testament? What is a gospel? What is the genre of Acts of Apostles? What are the “letters” in the New Testament? What is the book of Revelation? Ch. 4: Authors and Authorship Who wrote the Bible? Why does it matter who wrote the books of the Bible? How did the belief that Moses was the author of the Torah originate? Did David write the psalms and other poems attributed to him? Did Solomon write all the books attributed to him? Did the prophets write the books named after them? Who wrote the books of the Apocrypha? Who wrote the books of the New Testament? When was the Bible written? Ch. 5: The Contexts of the Bible Why is it important to study the contexts in which the biblical writers lived? What is the Fertile Crescent? What is the Levant? What is the topography of Israel? How does historical geography help us understand the Bible? Are all the places mentioned in the Bible real places? What is the history of the ancient Near East? Which major biblical characters are mentioned in contemporaneous nonbiblical sources? How were the writers of the Hebrew Bible influenced by texts from other cultures? How were the writers of the Apocrypha influenced by texts from other cultures? How were the writers of the New Testament influenced by texts from other cultures? How does archaeology enhance our understanding of the Bible? Does archaeology prove the Bible? Ch. 6: Interpretive Strategies What are interpretive strategies? What is a concordance? What is source criticism? How does source criticism work in the Torah/Pentateuch? Is source criticism used in studying other parts of the Hebrew Bible? How does source criticism work in the Gospels? What preceded Q? What is the Gospel of Thomas and why is it important? How does the Gospel of John differ from the Synoptic Gospels, and why? What is form criticism? What are infancy narratives and how can they be interpreted? What are the passion narratives and how can they be interpreted? What is tradition criticism? What is redaction criticism? What is the Deuteronomistic History? What is canonical criticism? What are cultural and ideological criticisms? What other methods do scholars use in interpreting the Bible? Ch. 7: The Uses of the Bible What is reception history? What is the reception history of the book of Job? How have people tried to edit the Bible? How has the Bible been used in liturgical services? Which Jewish holy days are based on the Bible? Which Christian holy days are based on the Bible? How is Sabbath observance based on the Bible? What rituals are based on the Bible? What later religious movements are based on the Bible? How has the Bible been used in politics? How has the Bible influenced jurisprudence? Why do people swear on the Bible? How else has the Bible been used in ordinary life? How has the Bible influenced scientific understanding? How has the Bible influenced the practice of medicine? Ch. 8: Biblical Concepts What do I mean by “biblical concepts”? Who is Yahweh? What other names and titles does Yahweh have? How did monotheism develop? What did early Christians mean when they called Jesus “son of God”? What does “son of man” mean? What is a messiah? When will the Messiah come? What significance does the title “son of David” have? What is a covenant, and which are the most important covenants? What is the “new covenant”? What is righteousness? What is theodicy? What were biblical writers’ views about life after death? What did early Christians believe about Jesus’s resurrection? Does the Bible have a central theme? Ch. 9: Biblical Values What are the Bible’s highest values? Who is a neighbor? How else can one show love for one’s neighbor? Is the command to love one’s neighbor consistently observed in the Bible? What does the Bible say about same-sex relationships? What about the sin of Sodom? What does the Bible say about transgender persons? What was the status of women in ancient Israel? What does the New Testament say about the status of women? What are the biblical writers’ views about marriage and divorce? What does the Bible say about abortion? What does the Bible say about slavery? What does the Bible say about capital punishment? Is the New Testament anti-Semitic? Can only believers fully understand the Bible? Does the Bible still have authority? John Riches (2022), The Bible: a Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press Ch. 1: The Bible in the modern world: classic or sacred text? (no subsections) Ch. 2: How the biblical books were written Orality and literacy The Bible’s literary world Literary allusions within the Bible A living oral and literary tradition Ch. 3: The making of the Bible The many names of the Bible The making of the Jewish canon: the Hebrew Bible and its Greek version The formation of the Hebrew Bible The Greek translation: the Septuagint The Christian Old Testament The Christian New Testament What’s the use of a canon? Ch. 4: Translation, production, and distribution of the Bible Bible production Ch. 5: Jewish and Christian readings of the Binding of Isaac The Akedah The rich afterlife of the biblical texts Ch. 6: Galatians through history Paul’s argument in Galatians The reception of Galatians: the Law New life in the Spirit: new forms of spirituality Ch. 7: The Bible and its critics The Church under attack: challenges from within The Church under attack: challenges from without The Enlightenment and the rise of historical criticism Criticism and creative readings Ch. 8: The Bible in the post-colonial world The Bible in Latin America The Bible in Africa Post-independence African readings Use and abuse Ch. 9: The Bible in politics Allegiance to the state: oaths and arms-bearing Gender politics The Bible as political authority Ch. 10: The Bible in high and popular culture Biblical retellings: the Bible in music Biblical images in art Biblical symbolism_ the Bible in metaphor and concept The root of culture Conclusion (no subsections) John W. Rogerson and Judith Lieu (2006), The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies, Oxford University Press Part I: On The Discipline Section 1. History Of The Discipline In The Last Seventy Years Old Testament New Testament Section 2. The Impact Of Other Disciplines Upon Biblical Scholarship Archaeology Ancient Near Eastern Studies: Mesopotamia Ancient Near Eastern Studies: Egypt Qumran Studies Study Of The Graeco-Roman World Diaspora And Rabbinic Judaism Part II Languages, Translation, And Textual Transmission Of The Bible Language And Translation Of The Old Testament Language, Translation, Versions, And Text Of The Apocrypha Language And Translation Of The New Testament Ancient Versions And Textual Transmission Of The Old Testament Textual Transmission And Versions Of The New Testament Part III Historical And Social Study Of The Bible Section 1. Background And Context Introduction: General Problems Of Studying The Text Of The Bible In Order To Reconstruct History And Social Background Israel To The End Of The Persian Period: History, Social, Political, And Economic Background Israel From The Rise Of Hellenism To 70 Ce The Life And Teaching Of Jesus And The Rise Of Christianity Section 2. Institutions Of The Old And New Testaments Priesthood, Temple(S), And Sacrifice Law In The Old Testament Scribes And Synagogues Movements Section 3. Genres Of The Old And New Testaments Prophecy Apocalyptic Wisdom Novella Gospels Letters Part IV The Composition Of The Bible The Growth Of The Old Testament The Growth Of The Apocrypha The Growth Of The New Testament Authors, Books, And Readers In The Ancient World Part V Methods In Biblical Scholarship Archaeology Textual Criticism Form, Source, And Redaction Criticism Rhetorical And New Literary Criticism Feminist Criticism And Related Aspects Social, Political, And Ideological Criticism Part VI The Interpretation Of The Bible Old Testament Theology New Testament Theology Biblical Theology The Bible In Ethics Jewish Interpretation Of The Bible Part VII The Authority Of The Bible Canon Fundamentalism(S) Historical Criticism And The Authority Of The Bible John Barton (2019), A History of the Bible, Viking Press Introduction: The Bible Today Introduction The Cultural Bible The Bible in Faith Communities Ancient and Modern Outline of the Book [of Barton's book, not the Bible] Part One: The Old Testament Ch. 1: Ancient Israel: History and Language The Biblical Story Modern Reconstructions The Term 'Old Testament' The Language of the Old Testament Ch. 2: Hebrew Narrative Three Styles of Hebrew Narrative Interweaving The Primary History and other Narratives The Purpose of the Hebrew Narrative Ch. 3: Law and Wisdom Wisdom In The Hebrew Bible And In The Ancient Near East Sceptical Wisdom Personified Wisdom Hebrew Law In Its Ancient Near Eastern Context The Ten Commandments Motivations For Good Conduct The Canonization Of The Law The Personification Of Torah Ch. 4: Prophecy Prophets And Their Books The Growth Of Isaiah The Editing Of The Books The Finished Form Ch. 5: Poems and Psalms Poems And Psalms The Psalms The Use Of The Psalms Liturgical Interpretation Of The Psalms The Order Of The Psalms Themes In The Psalms Jewish And Christian Readings Of The Psalms Part Two: The New Testament Ch. 6: Christian Beginnings The Historical Context Hellenism Josephus Philo Language Sects And Parties Christian Writings: Three Stages Ch. 7: Letters Paul And The Resurrection Jesus As Son Of God In Paul Church Order Paul And The Acts Of The Apostles Paul And Justification By Faith Authorship Ch. 8: Gospels The Synoptic Gospels The Synoptic Problem When, Where And For Whom Were The Gospels Written? John The Purpose Of The Gospels Four Gospels Part Three: The Bible and Its Texts Ch. 9: From Books to Scripture Agreement About The Hebrew Scriptures ‘Defiling The Hands’ Early Stages In The Formation Of The Hebrew Bible Scripture And Canon: The Apocrypha Jewish And Christian Perceptions Of The Bible Canonical And Non-Canonical Books? Ch. 10: Christians and Their Books Irenaeus And The New Testament As Historical Record Scrolls And Codices The New Testament As Scripture The Old Testament As A Christian Book Harmonization Nomina Sacra The New Testament In The Second Century Ch. 11: Official and Unofficial Texts Defining The Canon The Excluded Books The Apostolic Fathers Other Non-Canonical Texts Ch. 12: Biblical Manuscripts Biblical Manuscripts The New Testament The Hebrew Bible Textual Variation And The Original Text Part Four: The Meanings of the Bible Ch. 13: The Theme of the Bible Christian Reading Of The Bible Jewish Readings Of The Bible Reconciling Jewish And Christian Readings? Interpretation Of The Hebrew Bible In Judaism Old And New Reading The New Testament The Quest For A Theme In The Bible Ch. 14: Rabbis and Church Fathers Rabbinic Principles Of Interpretation Christian Modes Of Interpretation Origen As A Biblical Scholar The School Of Antioch Biblical Interpretation In The West The Fathers’ Approach Ch. 15: The Middle Ages The Bible As A Book Interpreting The Bible: Christian Approaches Commentaries And The Gloss Jewish Commentary The Bible In East And West Ch. 16: The Reformation and Its Readings Anticipations Of The Reformation Luther's Reformation The Reformed Tradition Sola Scriptura Bibles Ch. 17: Since the Enlightenment Spinoza After Spinoza Semler Reimarus And Strauss Vatke, Wellhausen And Baur The Bible And Science Modern Biblical Study Ch. 18: Translating the Bible Greek Translations Of The Hebrew Bible Aramaic Translations Latin Translations Other Translations Reformation Translations Modern Translations Some Points Of Contention Conclusion: The Bible and Faith Conclusion: The Bible And Faith Faith And The Bible Biblical Genres Pseudonymity Two Testaments? Inspiration Textual Fluidity Scripture And Tradition The Indispensability Of The Bible Bart D. Ehrman (2017), The Bible: A Historical and Literary Introduction, Oxford University Press Introduction Why Study the Bible? Ch. 1: What Is the Bible? What Is the Bible? Putting the Bible on the Map Ch. 2: Why Is the Bible So Hard to Understand? Challenges of Studying the Bible Our Literary Approach Excursus: Our Approaches to the Bible Our Historical Approach Ch. 3: The Book of Genesis The Famous Stories of the Book of Genesis Ch. 4: Who Wrote the Pentateuch? The Traditional View Oral Traditions and Cultural Parallels Ch. 5: From Egypt to Mount Sinai: Exodus and Leviticus The Book of Exodus The Law of Moses (Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers) Ch. 6: From Mount Sinai to the Promised Land: Numbers and Deuteronomy The Book of Numbers in a Nutshell The Book of Deuteronomy Ch. 7: The Deuteronomistic History: Joshua and Judges The Deuteronomistic History The Book of Joshua The Book of Judges Ch. 8: The Books of Samuel and Kings 1 and 2 Samuel 1 and 2 Kings Ch. 9: Early Israelite Prophets: Amos and Isaiah The Rise of the Prophets Amos of Tekoa Isaiah of Jerusalem Ch. 10: Other Pre-exilic Prophets: Hosea, Micah, Nahum, Zephaniah, Jeremiah, and Habakkuk Hosea Micah Nahum Zephaniah Jeremiah Habakkuk Ch. 11: The Historians of Exile and Return: Ezra, Nehemiah, and Beyond Ezra and Nehemiah The Later History of Judea Ch. 12: The Exilic and Post-Exilic Prophets Ezekiel 1 Second Isaiah Joel Obadiah Haggai Zechariah Third Isaiah Malachi Ch. 13: The Poets of Ancient Israel The Nature of Hebrew Poetry The Book of Psalms The Book of Lamentations The Song of Songs Ch. 14: Storytellers in Ancient Israel Ruth Esther Jonah Daniel 1-6 1 and 2 Chronicles Ch. 15: The Wisdom Literature Introduction to the Wisdom Literature Proverbs Job Ecclesiastes Ch. 16: Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and the Apocrypha The Rise of Jewish Apocalypticism Other Jewish Literature of the Period: The Deuterocanonical or Apocryphal Books Ch. 17: The World of Jesus and His Followers One Remarkable Life The Greco-Roman World Judaism in the Time of Jesus Putting the New Testament and Early Christianity on the Map Ch. 18: The Synoptic Problem and the Gospel of Mark The Storyline of the Synoptic Gospels The Synoptic Problem The Gospels as Biographies The Gospel of Mark Ch. 19: The Gospels of Matthew and Luke The Gospel of Matthew The Gospel of Luke The Synoptic Gospels and the Problem of History Ch. 20: The Gospel of John and the Later Gospels The Gospel of John The Other Gospels Ch. 21: The Historical Jesus Problems with Our Sources Jesus the Apocalyptic Prophet Ch. 22: The Life of the Apostle Paul Problems in the Study of Paul A Brief Biography of Paul Ch. 23: The Letters of Paul 1 Thessalonians 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Philippians Philemon Romans Ch. 24: The Acts of the Apostles Paul During and After the New Testament The Acts of the Apostles Ch. 25: In the Wake of Paul: The Deutero-Pauline Letters 2 Thessalonians Colossians Ephesians The Pastoral Epistles Ch. 26: The General Epistles and the Book of Revelation The Letter to the Hebrews The Letter of James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1, 2, and 3 John Jude The Apocalypse of John Excursus One: Jews and Christians in the Ancient World Excursus Two: The Persecution of the Early Christians Excursus Three: Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity

TOC discussion

Above are the tables of contents (TOC) from the books listed in #Overview books about the Bible. I have colorized them according to broad categories, which are listed in the "Legend". (Everyone should be able to expand the collapsed section to see the TOCs, and then expand the individual TOC parts/chapters to see sub-parts/sub-chapters. Please let me know if it's not rendering for anyone and I'll try to fix it. No guarantees about this being usable on mobile.)

A few preliminary notes:

• I didn't colorize Ehrman 2017 because I do not have access to it, only to the table of contents, but I listed it anyway.
• I did not list the table of contents for the New Cambridge History, because it's a 5,000-page 4-volume series, because it's a multi-author work (dozens of scholars submitting a chapter), and because, being a history, it's just ordered more or less chronologically; I'm not sure it will help enough for our purposes to be worth the effort given its size.
• The color scheme isn't perfect; there are some bits and pieces of one category in other categories. For example, Rogerson 2012 discusses genre (green) along with development (pink) in several chapters, but I've just gone with pink for those chapters. Barton 2019 Part Four, which is mostly theology (orange), also includes some information about development (pink), but I've colored the whole thing orange. Barton 2019 Chapter 6 is mostly development (pink) but also includes some context (yellow); I've just colored it pink. The truth is, not every chapter of every book fits neatly into one of these categories I've applied, which is why I'm bringing this here for input.
• Parts/chapters that have multiple colors are expanded by default.
• Some parts/chapters/sections I did not color because I just didn't know how to categorize them. For example, Barton 2010 Chapter 5 is about the historicity of the Bible; I wasn't sure what to do with that in terms of categories, as it seems to be the only work on this list to dedicate a chapter to historicity.

What these books have in common is that they are written by bona fide biblical scholars, published in the 21st century, by academic publishers (except for Viking Press, which is mainstream), and they provide an overview of the entire Bible--Old and New. I think by looking at how these books (and any others we might add to the list) organize the information, how they categorize/sub-categorize topics, how much space or weight they give to various sub-topics and sub-sub-topics... all of this can inform how we structure our article, Bible.

However, before even looking at our article's TOC, I first wanted to share my analysis of the sources' TOCs, to see what others thought. Some specific questions:

1. Are the categories selected correctly? Should some categories be split? Removed? New categories added?
2. Are the categories applied correctly? Should some parts/chapters/sections have their colors changed?

Any and all feedback welcome. I think if we can analyze the TOCs to our satisfaction, we can then apply that to our article's TOC to see what changes should be made. Levivich^[block] 23:33, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

Wow, this is incredibly helpful - a genuine step forward in every possible way. Thank you so much. I totally and completely love your 6 categories in Legend: Development - Origins, authorship, texts/manuscripts, production, translation, transmission, and canonization of the Bible; Context - the historical context in which the Bible was written; the influence of the outside world upon the Bible; Genres - literary genres of the Bible (biblical genre); Theology - Religious teachings/instruction/interpretation of the Bible (Biblical theology); Criticism - methods of scholarly study of the Bible (biblical criticism); Influence - The influence of the Bible on the outside world This rearrangement would dramatically improve the entire article imo. If you are ready to tackle this, I will leave you to it. If you want any help with anything, ping me at any time for any aspect of anything you would like me to do. You have my complete support. Jenhawk777 (talk) 17:50, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

Great! I'll probably post a proposed TOC here for comment before rearranging the article. Levivich^[block] 20:13, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 July 2022

184.19.116.192 (talk) 17:51, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

Please list this book as mythological as every other religion except other current mainstream religions have been dismissed and listed as mythological!

 Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the {{edit semi-protected}} template. - FlightTime (open channel) 17:55, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

Reasoning provided is not correct. Quran, for example, is not listed as mythological. Additionally WP does not take a stance on the validity of religious beliefs - it only reports what both adherents and non-adherents have to say. Jtrevor99 (talk) 19:32, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

Proposed outlines

Proposed outline 1

• Development

  Table comparing the books of Jewish/Catholic/Protestant Bible

  • Hebrew Bible
    • HB context, origins, authorship (inc. HB pseudographia)
      • Pre-exile
      • Post-exile
    • HB canonization
      • Torah
      • Nevi'im
      • Ketuvim
    • HB translation/transmission/manuscript witnesses
      • Targums
      • Septuagint
      • Samaritan Pentateuch
      • Masoretic text
      • Dead Sea Scrolls
    • HB apocrypha/deuterocannonical
  • New Testament
    • NT context, origins, authorship (inc. NT pseudographia)
      • Gospels
      • Pauline epistles
      • Catholic epistles
    • NT canonization
      • Councils
      • Schism
      • Reformation
    • NT translation/transmission/manuscript witnesses
      • Papyrus to codex
      • Vulgate
      • KJV
    • NT apocrypha
• Genres
  • Narrative
  • Law
  • Wisdom
  • Prophecy
  • Poems
  • Gospels
  • Letters
  • Apocalyptic
  • Myths
  • Prayers
  • Proverbs
• Theology
  • Organization TBD; might be topical (nature of God, nature of evil, etc.), canonical (Jewish, Catholic, Protestant, etc.), or chronological (ancient, middle ages, post-enlightenment, etc.)
  • Fundamentalism should probably be discussed here?
• Study of the Bible (criticism)
  • Textual criticism
  • Form criticism
  • Source criticism
  • Redaction criticism
  • Structuralism
  • Poststructuralism
  • Rhetorical criticism
  • Literary criticism
  • Canonical criticism
  • Historical criticism
  • Tradition criticism
  • Social/political/cultural/ideological criticism
  • Feminist criticism
  • Biblical archaeology
• Influence
  • Literature
  • Politics
  • Jurisprudence
  • Science and medicine
  • Ethics
  • Art/music/culture

This is really a first attempt, so it's pretty rough and inexact. I do not intend that every item on this outline be a separate section with a section heading; some of the sub-topics should be grouped, etc.; the exact sub-headings can be figured out later. But I wanted to list the types of information that would be conveyed in each section, with a real focus on the top-level divisions. Thoughts? Levivich^[block] 17:03, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

As I think about it more, I think the heading "Development" should be dropped, and everything under it promoted up one level in the outline. Levivich (talk) 02:13, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

Dare I take silence as consensus? :-D Levivich (talk) 04:06, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

Your ambition is admirable and exactly what this article needs. However, this is the kind of article that no matter how much it is watched, will only get bigger—the size is already a bit above the recommended (11592 words vs recommended 10000), and I suspect the relative overwhelm of your new proposal's perceived size has led others to avoid comment here. Thus, while I agree that each topic would not have its own subsection, it should be considered in advance how to group the Genre and Study categories into more manageable big-topic divisions. Looking optimistically, the development is on the edge of impossibly long in the proposed form, so such information will need to be treated extremely to the point. Aza24 (talk) 20:46, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

In my opinion Aza24 is right on the mark. It will be a difficult and time consuming almost total rewrite in order to make what’s here-which was requested-more concise. The requested part matters because taking it out would likely result in being asked to put it back down the road. I also admire the willingness to make that kind of effort on behalf of WP. I support your desire to improve this article and am sorry we could not reach more agreement on what that involved previously. Jenhawk777 (talk) 17:44, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

All good points, thanks. I'm working with on condensing the overall outline and fleshing out the lvl 3 subheadings and if I think I've made progress I'll post a second proposed outline here. Levivich (talk) 19:44, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

remove this?

I am thinking this sentence should be removed because it is not about the Bible: According to historian Shulamith Shahar, "[s]ome historians hold that the Church played a considerable part in fostering the inferior status of women in medieval society in general" by providing a "moral justification" for male superiority and by accepting practices such as wife-beating. Thoughts?

References

Jenhawk777 (talk) 18:23, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

I agree, it seems to say more about the Church than the Bible. There are better sources for discussion of the Bible's influence on the status of women. Levivich 22:36, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

I think the earth may be rotating backwards, but you and I are in agreement, so I can probably assume no one else will argue against it. I will go ahead and remove it. Biblical teachings on women are a very mixed bag - both repressive and supportive. Do you have any thoughts on how much of that should be included? Jenhawk777 (talk) 04:27, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

(...and everyone thinks climate change is caused by pollution...) I don't have thoughts on that yet, mostly because I haven't looked at the sources to see how much/what they say about the topic, but at some point I'll get there. Levivich 20:09, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

Ha ha!! You have a sense of humor! I had no idea! That's awesome! This is cool, let me know when I can help. I do care about this article, so I want to, and even though we have disagreed on sources, I think we have agreed on much more, and that has usually been where content alone is concerned. No humor intended! I will happily wait and follow your lead here, as it seems that will lessen conflict - and produce humor - which totally rocks! Thank you.

Also, imo, all the recent edits by everyone are improvements. It's looking good! Jenhawk777 (talk) 18:54, 6 August 2022 (UTC)

"Biblija" listed at Redirects for discussion

An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Biblija and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 6#Biblija until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. MB 01:28, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

"The Original Bible for Modern Readers" listed at Redirects for discussion

An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect The Original Bible for Modern Readers and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 23#The Original Bible for Modern Readers until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. TartarTorte 01:17, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 November 2022

The bible is cool 104.153.29.126 (talk) 16:05, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

Please post specific text you want to change (A->B) and supporting sources. Thank you. --Mvqr (talk) 16:17, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 February 2023

I am a theoretical physicist, and this page is anti-scientific. See, for example:

The oldest books began as songs and stories orally transmitted from generation to generation <- Current academic theories consider that ... The Bible was written and compiled by many people, most of whom are unknown, from a variety of disparate cultures.[10] <- Current academic theories consider the ..

The books of the Bible were initially written and copied by hand on papyrus scrolls.[12] No originals survive. <- Gee, that is convenient.

At the very least, there should be a statement at the top indicating that this article is operating according to current archaeological reconstructions and textual analysis theories in the academic world. 128.244.38.5 (talk) 18:25, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

 Not done Wikipedia is reliably sourced not democratically sourced. So, of course, Wikipedia kowtows to the mainstream academia, like the Ivy League. Do Britannica and Larousse do otherwise? No, since that's what a WP:MAINSTREAM encyclopedia is based upon: academic learning, not religious dogma and not popular opinion.

Wikipedia isn’t a free speech website. It isn’t democratically sourced, it is reliably sourced. That means that the mainstream academia (Cambridge, Harvard, Oxford, Princeton, Sorbonne, and Yale) gets the lion’s share. Your religion will be presented from the perspective of CHOPSY. There is no point in protesting against it, since Wikipedia is interested in the academic truth, the CHOPSY truth, not in the truth of your religion, nor the truth of political correctness. So, don’t waste tears if you see your religion bashed by CHOPSY, since this is the only choice Wikipedia has. You have the choice to disregard CHOPSY, Wikipedia doesn’t.

To tell you the truth, there is no real difference between Wikipedia, Britannica, and Larousse. They all have the same norms and values about what amounts to knowledge. So, if you see Wikipedia, think it is Britannica 2.0.

Oh, yes, in case you missed the memo: Wikipedia isn’t WikiLeaks. tgeorgescu (talk) 22:29, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

tgeorgescu Wow. That was unnecessary. Cultural insensitivity has become an automatic go-to on talk-pages I guess.

@128.244.38.5 (talk) My sympathy for the treatment you received here, but what tgeorgescu says is perfectly correct. There is no need to include a statement at the top indicating that this article is operating according to current archaeological reconstructions and textual analysis theories in the academic world. because that is always assumed in every WP article in existence. The rules are strict and adherence is monitored by EVERYONE.

After apologizing, I have to say that I find your complaints puzzling. this page is anti-scientific I can't even begin to figure out what that means.

The 3 statements you reference are common knowledge. Of course the Bible began as oral history. Oral history is still used in places around the world, it has been allowed in courts of law, and it has a long and distinguished history of its own. There is evidence - both internal and external - of that fine tradition in the currently existing biblical texts. Philippians 2, for example, was originally a hymn. There are a little more than 4 dozen of these in the NT and more in the Old. These excerpts are older than the written text, which is a significant fact, as they date the concepts they purvey back to the origins of Christianity (and in the OT, Judaism). I don't understand the problem.

The Bible was written and compiled by many people, most of whom are unknown, from a variety of disparate cultures Any preacher or teacher in any Christian church or Jewish synagogue will tell you that. There is no disagreement. You can see that for yourself just by going through it and checking. The books of the Bible were initially written and copied by hand on papyrus scrolls.[12] No originals survive. <- Gee, that is convenient. Well, no, it really isn't. It has left a lot open to question. But again, this is common knowledge. There is no one of any reputable group that would tell you otherwise. So again, I am lost as to what the problem is. Perhaps you would care to explain further. Jenhawk777 (talk) 23:11, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

tgeorgescu, your reply is really out of topic. The anonymous user suggested making it clear that our current understanding of the Bible is based on "current archaeological reconstructions and textual analysis theories". He/she did not dispute their accuracy, nor were they advocating for any religious dogma. Dimadick (talk) 15:40, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

Well, all our history or archaeology articles are based on "current archaeological reconstructions and textual analysis theories". Why should this article be singled out? tgeorgescu (talk) 15:45, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

tgeorgescu You're right, it shouldn't be singled out. We all agree on that point - well, except for the original poster - and they were terrifically unclear. Perhaps Dimadick understood better than I because I am still confused. Anti-scientific? What?!? Jenhawk777 (talk) 20:33, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

They were unclear with what they wanted, but their only actual proposal for changes was in the last paragraph of their text. Dimadick (talk) 05:47, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

Question

Is the Bible a considered a sacred text (perhaps less holy than the Quran) in Islam? The Jews and the Christians are, to my knowledge, considered "people of the book" and have prerogatives in Islamic countries. 21:33, 13 April 2023 (UTC) SpicyMemes123 (talk) 21:33, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

I believe Islamic view of the Bible might be the article you seek. Skipple ☎ 21:40, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

I don't believe so. Sheanobeano (talk) 23:52, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Bible

Holy Bible is the proper title. Devout religious and spiritual groups believe it is the inspired words of God Himself. 96.18.209.11 (talk) 18:29, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

This has been discussed multiple times - most recently [[1]]. Consensus is that it should not be changed because, as a secular institute, WP does not make judgment calls on religious scriptures. See for example WP:COMMONNAME and WP:RNPOV. Jtrevor99 (talk) 20:41, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

"Devout religious and spiritual groups believe" Their bigotry is of no interest to us. Dimadick (talk) 13:13, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

True, and I am not accusing the previous editor of this in any way, shape or form. But I will caution that we as editors in our responses to any religious topic must also be careful to avoid bigotry. It is a balancing act that comes with experience, and requires all of us to learn not to allow our personal experiences or biases to color our editing - positively or negatively. Jtrevor99 (talk) 17:42, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

Can I carry you with me and quote you everywhere I go? I have a short essay on neutralizing bias on my user page that starts with "everyone is biased". Not everyone seems willing or able to see that. I am genuinely pleased to run across someone else who does. Thank you. Perhaps you would allow me to add this quote to my essay? Jenhawk777 (talk) 21:12, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

I would sincerely be honored! Thank you. And how very true: it's impossible for any of us to avoid bias...even the act of trying to avoid it can inadvertently introduce it. But, so long as we are cognizant of that and trying, they can contribute constructively :) Jtrevor99 (talk) 22:36, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

Jtrevor99 you are now on my user page where I list 6 steps for neutralizing bias:

1. Recognize the problem. It helps to become aware it isn't just you. It also helps to become aware it is you. It's everyone.
2. Vet your sources
   See also: Wikipedia:Reliable sources § Biased or opinionated sources
   Learn to recognize when an author neglects facts, fails to acknowledge opposing arguments, or dismisses contradictory studies. They are biased.
3. Test Yourself by looking for contrary evidence. Make sure to include sources that disagree with your own personal POV.
4. Create consistency by using the same standard for all. Don't cut an author you like slack that you would not give to one you don't like. That too is bias.
5. Consensus hinders bias. Never revert a good faith edit because you don't personally agree with it.
6. Most importantly, Be wary of overconfidence. "The more certain you are about an opinion, the more likely you are to employ confirmation bias... Sometimes the best time to expose yourself to opposing views is when you are most certain you already have all the information you need". [2]

And then, there you are. Thank you for being an example of what's best on WP. Jenhawk777 (talk) 05:47, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

Of course everyone is biased. That is a given. The day that nobody is biased anymore would be the day there are 0 edits on wikipedia.  Latin Beau  06:17, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

Thank you  Latin Beau  you are so right, but it isn't uncommon for it to be a very difficult thing to see in one's self. We think what we think because we think it's right - if we weren't right, we would think something else! I admire anyone who sees how this makes each of us biased. I admire those who work at seeing and acknowledging that - and setting it to the side. So, from me personally, please take away my respect for this comment. Thank you. Jenhawk777 (talk) 20:08, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

"Never revert a good faith edit because you don't personally agree with it." Not a good advice on Wikipedia. Quite frequently, good-faith editors mess up an article's structure and sources. The only option is to revert the changes and talk to them. Dimadick (talk) 00:12, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

Perhaps should be amended to state "...based on content" or something of that nature. Jtrevor99 (talk) 00:39, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

Dimadick It's the reason for reverting that differentiates those, but perhaps you're right and that should be clarified. "Never revert an otherwise well sourced, good faith, valid edit just because it is contrary to your personal views". That's WP policy and should be upheld.Jenhawk777 (talk) 04:24, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

It should be called "Holy Bible." Respect Christians. Sheanobeano (talk) 23:51, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

"Respect Christians." Respect is earned, and I doubt they have earned it. Dimadick (talk) 03:22, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

New Testament apocrypha?

An editor recently copied a large section of New Testament apocrypha (with some edits) to this article. I question whether that is helpful: not just because of the duplication, but because the article is already bordering on being too long, and because (in my opinion) a "Bible" article ought to be limited to content which was, or is, part of at least one major extant group's Bible. Additionally, it was added under "Content and Themes" which appears incorrect, since - with a couple small exceptions - none of the mentioned works are or were ever considered part of any canon. Since New Testament apocrypha is also already linked to in the New Testament history section, and since this section already adequately summarizes NT apocryphal history, I suggest that the newly added section should be scrapped entirely, saving for mention of books such as 3 Corinthians or 1/2 Clement (which are included in some Bibles) in the Canon variations section. Thoughts? Jtrevor99 (talk) 04:33, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

I agree with (mostly) removal since it's not in what I commonly understand as "Bible" though it's certainly bible adjacent. Bible#New_Testament_2 links to New Testament apocrypha and has some content on it, that seems WP:PROPORTIONate for this article. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 08:41, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

It's incredible that nothing has been done about it, this section keeps large proportions of the main article "New Testament apocrypha", almost half of this article is here.Rafaelosornio (talk) 03:46, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

I was waiting on additional people to reply, and haven’t had enough time to edit it back out. You are welcome to. Jtrevor99 (talk) 13:25, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 August 2023

this entire paragraph is a lie and should be deleted. "New Testament books already had considerable authority in the late first and early second centuries.[164] Even in its formative period, most of the books of the NT that were seen as scripture were already agreed upon. Linguistics scholar Stanley E. Porter says "evidence from the apocryphal non-Gospel literature is the same as that for the apocryphal Gospels – in other words, that the text of the Greek New Testament was relatively well established and fixed by the time of the second and third centuries".[165] By the time the fourth century Fathers were approving the "canon", they were doing little more than codifying what was already universally accepted.[166]" Jeffohms (talk) 04:59, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

According to ref given in the article, Stanley E. Porter did say that. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 08:47, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

 Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the {{Edit semi-protected}} template. M.Bitton (talk) 17:29, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

Page views

reduced drastically in April 2022, d does anyone have any idea what happened? https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/langviews/?project=en.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&agent=user&start=2022-08-25&end=2023-08-23&page=Bible&sort=views&direction=1&view=chart&page=Bible fgnievinski (talk) 01:33, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

Nothing drastic seems to have happened to the article near those dates, my guess would be that Google stopped offering Wikipedia as the top result. As to why Google stopped doing so only Google would know. the drop actually happened in November, you can see this if narrow the date range. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 15:48, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

This might be related: https://theconversation.com/2022-wasnt-the-year-of-cleopatra-so-why-was-she-the-most-viewed-page-on-wikipedia-197350 fgnievinski (talk) 19:31, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 October 2022

Change "Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, while understanding what that means and interpreting the text in various ways." to: "Believers in the Bible consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, while understanding what that means and interpreting the text in various ways." Nathan Pintos (talk) 02:21, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

Why remove "generally"? Levivich (talk) 02:23, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

 Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the {{edit semi-protected}} template. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 09:28, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

• Decline. I do not support this change and the reason is within the sentence itself: because it is seen in different ways. Everyone does not consider it divinely inspired even if they consider themselves "believers". Removing "generally" implies a universal agreement that does not exist.Jenhawk777 (talk) 19:20, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

  I agree. 👍 Sheanobeano (talk) 16:54, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

The Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which, are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, Baha'i'ism and many other religions. The Bible is an anthology, a compilation of texts of a variety of forms, originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies, and other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text varies.

NaS (2023) Yumyam (talk) 14:15, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 December 2023

Please change “includes instructions” to sometimes includes instructions. With all the antisemitism at the moment it pays for people researching to have understanding. The jewish “bibles” as you call them do not contain instructions, they are purely history books of ancestors. The mishkan t’filah shows instructons for proggressive judeans and there are many factions each with their own prayer/instruction book. Correction9 (talk) 23:42, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

 Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. M.Bitton (talk) 01:43, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

There are no instructions in Leviticus? Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 08:12, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Paleo-Hebrew wrongly identified as a cuneiform language.

A paragraph in the "Development and history" section reads: "The earliest manuscripts were probably written in paleo-Hebrew, a kind of cuneiform pictograph similar to other pictographs of the same period." I'm no expert in the matter but as soon as I read this I thought this is wrong. I checked the Wikipedia article on paleo-Hebrew and it does not mention cuneiform nor pictographs. 92.41.50.173 (talk) 19:52, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

Yes

the paleo Hebrew language used letters even though they looked like pictures they were letters 77.137.73.225 (talk) 13:50, 19 December 2023 (UTC)