Mississippi's 4th congressional district

Mississippi's 4th congressional district
Mississippi's 4th congressional district
	Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative	Mike Ezell; R–Pascagoula
Area	9,536 sq mi (24,700 km2)
Distribution	53.72% urban; 46.28% rural;
Population (2023)	751,794
Median household; income	$56,749
Ethnicity	65.7% White; 22.7% Black; 5.3% Hispanic; 4.0% Two or more races; 1.6% Asian; 0.7% other;
Occupation	51.9% White-collar; 30.6% Blue-collar; 18.4% Gray-collar;
Cook PVI	R+22

Mississippi's 4th congressional district covers the southeastern region of the state. It includes all of Mississippi's Gulf Coast, stretching ninety miles between the Alabama border to the east and the Louisiana border to the west, and extends north into the Pine Belt region. It includes three of Mississippi's four most heavily populated cities: Gulfport, Biloxi, and Hattiesburg. Other major cities within the district include Bay St. Louis, Laurel, and Pascagoula.^[3] The district is currently represented by Republican Mike Ezell. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+22, it is the most Republican district in Mississippi.^[2]

From statehood to the election of 1846, Mississippi elected representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket. From 1973 to 2003, the district included most of Jackson, all of Natchez and the southwestern part of the state. In 2003, after Mississippi lost a seat in redistricting, the old 4th District was eliminated. Most of Jackson, as well as the bulk of the district's black constituents, were drawn into the 2nd District, while eastern Jackson and most of Jackson's suburbs were drawn into the 3rd District. As a result, most of the old 5th District was redefined as the new 4th District.^[4]

The perimeter of the current Fourth District extends across the ninety-mile coastal southern edge of Mississippi from the Louisiana border to the Alabama border, following the Alabama state line north along the eastern border of the state to a point due east of Quitman in Clarke County where it is bounded by the 3rd District and then moves in an irregular fashion south of Quitman until it reaches the county line with Wayne County, and then follows the northern and western borders to wholly contain Jones, Forrest, Lamar, and Marion counties until it reaches the Louisiana state line, ultimately bounded by the Pearl River winding to its outlet in Lake Borgne.

Interstate 59 is an important north–south route that traverses the district, while coastal Interstate 10 serves as the major east–west route from New Orleans to Mobile. US Highway 49 is a vital hurricane evacuation route and is four-laned from Gulfport to Jackson. US Highway 84 enters the state near Waynesboro and is four-laned statewide, passing through Laurel, Brookhaven and Natchez.

History

The district, like most of Mississippi, is built on a strong history of agriculture.^{[citation needed]} Politically, the district has been conservative even by Mississippi standards. What is now the 4th has not supported the official Democratic candidate for president since 1956. Since the turn of the millennium, it has given the Republican presidential candidate his highest margin in the state.

Long after this area turned solidly Republican at the federal level, conservative Democrats like longtime congressman Gene Taylor still held a number of local offices. Nevertheless, it was a foregone conclusion that Taylor would be succeeded by a Republican. This came to pass in 2010, when then-state representative Palazzo narrowly defeated Taylor in that year's massive Republican wave. The Democrats have only put up nominal challengers in the district since then; only one Democrat has managed even 30 percent of the vote. Indeed, the Democrats did not even field a candidate in 2020. Palazzo's win touched off a wave of Republican victories down ballot, and today there are almost no elected Democrats left above the county level. Underscoring this, Taylor sought to take back his old seat in 2014 as a Republican.

Counties

Since 2013 the entire counties of Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, Stone, George, Marion, Lamar, Forrest, Perry, Greene, Jones, and Wayne, along with the southeastern part of Clarke are counted in this district.

Then, in 2021, Clarke county is redistricted into one county and is added to the 3rd district along with Marion county. Jones County, on the other hand, was split into two parts thanks to 2020 redistricting, with the northern part of the county being added to the 3rd district and the rest of the county in this district.

Election results from statewide races

Year	Office	Result
2000	President	Bush 54 – 44%
2004	President	Bush 68 – 31%
2008	President	McCain 67 – 32%
2012	President	Romney 68 – 31%
2016	President	Trump 69 – 28%
2018	Senate	Wicker 68 - 30%
2018	Senate (Spec.)	Hyde-Smith 65 - 35%
2019	Governor	Reeves 63 - 35%
2020	President	Trump 68 – 30%
2020	Senate	Hyde-Smith 63 - 34%

Composition

The 4th district includes all of the following counties, with the exception of Jones, which it shares with the 3rd district. Jones County communities in the 4th district include Soso, Ellisville, Moselle, Ovett, Eastabuchie (shared with Forrest County), and most of Laurel.

#	County	Seat	Population
35	Forrest	Hattiesburg	78,208
39	George	Lucedale	25,619
41	Greene	Leakesville	13,601
45	Hancock	Bay St. Louis	46,159
47	Harrison	Gulfport, Biloxi	210,612
59	Jackson	Pascagoula	146,389
67	Jones	Laurel, Ellisville	66,250
73	Lamar	Purvis	66,217
109	Pearl River	Poplarville	57,978
111	Perry	New Augusta	11,315
131	Stone	Wiggins	18,756
153	Wayne	Waynesboro	19,703

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District location and map
District created March 4, 1847
Albert G. Brown (Gallatin)	Democratic	March 4, 1847 — March 3, 1853	30th 31st 32nd	Elected in 1847. Re-elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851. Retired.
Wiley Pope Harris (Monticello)	Democratic	March 4, 1853 — March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1853. Retired.
William Augustus Lake (Vicksburg)	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 — March 3, 1857	34th	Elected in 1855. Lost re-election.
Otho Robards Singleton (Canton)	Democratic	March 4, 1857 — January 12, 1861	35th 36th	Elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. Withdrew due to Civil War.
Vacant		January 12, 1861 — February 23, 1870	36th 37th 38th 39th 40th 41st	Civil War and Reconstruction
George Colin McKee (Vicksburg)	Republican	February 23, 1870 — March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Elected in 1868 but that election was rejected by the House. Elected again in 1869 to finish the term and to the next term. Redistricted to the 5th district.
Jason Niles (Kosciusko)	Republican	March 4, 1873 — March 3, 1875	43rd	Elected in 1872. Lost re-election.
Otho Robards Singleton (Canton)	Democratic	March 4, 1875 — March 3, 1883	44th 45th 46th 47th	Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Redistricted to the 5th district.
Hernando D. Money (Winona)	Democratic	March 4, 1883 — March 3, 1885	48th	Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1882. Retired.
Frederick G. Barry (West Point)	Democratic	March 4, 1885 — March 3, 1889	49th 50th	Elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired.
Clarke Lewis (Macon)	Democratic	March 4, 1889 — March 3, 1893	51st 52nd	Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Retired.
Hernando D. Money (Carrollton)	Democratic	March 4, 1893 — March 3, 1897	53rd 54th	Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Retired.
Andrew F. Fox (West Point)	Democratic	March 4, 1897 — March 3, 1903	55th 56th 57th	Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Retired.
Wilson S. Hill (Winona)	Democratic	March 4, 1903 — March 3, 1909	58th 59th 60th	Elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Lost renomination.
Thomas U. Sisson (Winona)	Democratic	March 4, 1909 — March 3, 1923	61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th	Elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Lost renomination.
T. Jeff Busby (Houston)	Democratic	March 4, 1923 — January 3, 1935	68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Lost renomination.
Aaron L. Ford (Ackerman)	Democratic	January 3, 1935 — January 3, 1943	74th 75th 76th 77th	Elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost renomination.
Thomas G. Abernethy (Okolona)	Democratic	January 3, 1943 — January 3, 1953	78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd	Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Redistricted to the 1st district.
John B. Williams (Raymond)	Democratic	January 3, 1953 — January 3, 1963	83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th	Redistricted from the 7th district and re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Redistricted to the 3rd district.
W. Arthur Winstead (Philadelphia)	Democratic	January 3, 1963 — January 3, 1965	88th	Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 1962. Lost re-election.
Prentiss Walker (Mize)	Republican	January 3, 1965 — January 3, 1967	89th	Elected in 1964. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
Sonny Montgomery (Meridian)	Democratic	January 3, 1967 — January 3, 1973	90th 91st 92nd	Elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Redistricted to the 3rd district.
Thad Cochran (Jackson)	Republican	January 3, 1973 — December 26, 1978	93rd 94th 95th	Elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Retired to run for U.S senator and resigned when appointed senator.
Vacant		December 26, 1978 — January 3, 1979	95th
Jon Hinson (Tylertown)	Republican	January 3, 1979 — April 13, 1981	96th 97th	Elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Resigned due to arrest for attempted sodomy.
Vacant		April 13, 1981 — July 7, 1981	97th
Wayne Dowdy (McComb)	Democratic	July 7, 1981 — January 3, 1989	97th 98th 99th 100th	Elected to finish Hinson's term. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Retired to run for U.S senator.
Mike Parker (Brookhaven)	Democratic	January 3, 1989 — November 10, 1995	101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th	Elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Retired to run for Governor of Mississippi.
Mike Parker (Brookhaven)	Republican	November 10, 1995 — January 3, 1999	101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th
Ronnie Shows (Bassfield)	Democratic	January 3, 1999 — January 3, 2003	106th 107th	Elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Redistricted to the 3rd district and lost re-election.
Gene Taylor (Bay St. Louis)	Democratic	January 3, 2003 — January 3, 2011	108th 109th 110th 111th	Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Lost re-election.	2003–2013
Steven Palazzo (Biloxi)	Republican	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2023	112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Lost renomination.	2003–2013
Steven Palazzo (Biloxi)	Republican	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2023	112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th		2013–2023
Mike Ezell (Pascagoula)	Republican	January 3, 2023 – present	118th	Elected in 2022.	2023–present

Recent elections

2002

2002 Fourth Congressional District of Mississippi Elections
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Gene Taylor (incumbent)	121,742	75.21	−
	Republican	Dr. Karl Cleveland Mertz	34,373	21.24	−
	Libertarian	Wayne L. Parker	3,311	2.05	−
	Reform	Thomas R. Huffmaster	2,442	1.51	−
Turnout			161,868
Majority			87,369	53.98

2004

2004 Fourth Congressional District of Mississippi Elections
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Gene Taylor (incumbent)	181,614	64.77	−10.44
	Republican	Mike Lott	96,740	34.50	+13.26
	Reform	Tracella Hill	2,028	0.72	−0.79
Turnout			280,382
Majority			84,874	30.27

2006

Fourth District incumbent Gene Taylor (D) was re-elected, gathering 80% of the Fourth District's vote. He is considered one of the most conservative Democrats in the House [1]. His district has a Cook Political Report rating of R+16.

Taylor faced challenger Randall "Randy" McDonnell, a former IRS agent. McDonnell, the Republican Party nominee, had also unsuccessfully challenged Taylor in both 1998 and 2000.

Taylor first was elected in 1989 to Mississippi's 5th congressional district, after having lost to Larkin I. Smith in the 1988 race for that open seat, which had been vacated by Trent Lott when Lott made a successful run for the Senate. Smith died eight months later in a plane crash. Taylor came in first in the special election primary to fill the seat, winning the runoff election two weeks later and taking office on October 18, 1989.

In 1990, Taylor won a full term in the 5th District with 81% of the vote, and has been reelected at each election since.

His district was renumbered the 4th after the redistricting of 2000, which cost Mississippi a Congressional seat. In 2004, Taylor was reelected to the House with 64% of their vote, choosing him over both Republican nominee Michael Lott and Reform nominee Tracella Hill.

2006 Fourth Congressional District of Mississippi Elections
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Gene Taylor (incumbent)	110,996	79.79	+15.02
	Republican	Randall "Randy" McDonnell	28,117	20.21	−14.29
Turnout			139,113
Majority			82,879	59.58

2008

2006 Fourth Congressional District of Mississippi Elections
Party		Candidate	%	±%
	Democratic	Gene Taylor (incumbent)	74.54	−5.25
	Republican	John McCay	25.46	+5.25
Turnout
Majority			49.08

2010

2010 Fourth Congressional District of Mississippi Elections
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Steven Palazzo	105,613	51.93	+26.47
	Democratic	Gene Taylor (incumbent)	95,243	46.83	−27.45
	Libertarian	Tim Hampton	1,741	0.86	+0.86
	Reform	Anna Revies	787	0.39	+0.39
Turnout			203,384
Majority			9,480	4.84

2012

Mississippi's 4th congressional district, 2012 ^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steven Palazzo (incumbent)	182,998	64.1
	Democratic	Matt Moore	82,344	28.9
	Libertarian	Ron Williams	17,982	6.3
	Reform	Robert Claunch	2,108	0.7
Total votes			285,432	100.0
	Republican hold

2014

Mississippi's 4th congressional district, 2014
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steven Palazzo (incumbent)	108,776	69.9
	Democratic	Matt Moore	37,869	24.3
	Independent	Cindy Burleson	3,684	2.4
	Libertarian	Joey Robinson	3,473	2.2
	Reform	Eli Jackson	917	0.6
	Independent	Ed Reich	857	0.6
Total votes			155,576	100.0
	Republican hold

2016

Mississippi's 4th congressional district, 2016
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steven Palazzo (incumbent)	181,323	65.0
	Democratic	Mark Gladney	77,505	27.8
	Libertarian	Richard Blake McCluskey	14,687	5.3
	Reform	Shawn O'Hara	5,264	1.9
Total votes			278,779	100.0
	Republican hold

2018

Mississippi's 4th congressional district, 2018
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steven Palazzo (incumbent)	152,633	68.2
	Democratic	Jeramey Anderson	68,787	30.8
	Reform	Lajena Sheets	2,312	1.0
Total votes			223,732	100.0
	Republican hold

2020

Mississippi's 4th congressional district, 2020
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steven Palazzo (incumbent)	255,971	100.0
Total votes			255,971	100.0
	Republican hold

2022

Mississippi's 4th congressional district, 2022^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Ezell	127,813	73.35
	Democratic	Johnny DuPree	42,876	24.60
	Libertarian	Alden Patrick Johnson	3,569	2.05
Total votes			174,258	100
	Republican hold

References

^ ^a ^b "My Congressional District".
^ ^a ^b "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
^ "About South Mississippi | U.S. House of Representatives". palazzo.house.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
^ Almanac of American Politics, 2002, p. 872
^ "Secretary of State :: Elections". State of Mississippi Secretary of State. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
^ "Certification of Votes For United States House of Representatives, District Four" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Retrieved December 13, 2022.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

30°59′37″N 89°05′02″W / 30.99361°N 89.08389°W / 30.99361; -89.08389

[My_Congressional_District-1] "My Congressional District".

[Cook-2] "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

[3] "About South Mississippi | U.S. House of Representatives". palazzo.house.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2016.

[4] Almanac of American Politics, 2002, p. 872

[MissSS-5] "Secretary of State :: Elections". State of Mississippi Secretary of State. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.

[6] "Certification of Votes For United States House of Representatives, District Four" (PDF). Secretary of State of Mississippi. Retrieved December 13, 2022.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]