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Brown bats
Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni)

Hipposideridae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this family is called a hipposiderid or an Old World leaf-nosed bat. They are named for their elongated, leaf-shaped nose. They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia, primarily in forests, savannas, rocky areas, and caves, though some species can also be found in grasslands or wetlands. They range in size from the Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat, at 3 cm (1 in) and no tail, to the striped leaf-nosed bat, at 13 cm (5 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, hipposiderids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from multiple species with 3 cm (1 in), to the giant roundleaf bat at 13 cm (5 in). They are all insectivorous and primarily eat cicadas, cockroaches, termites, and beetles, though some species may eat trace amounts of fruit while consuming insects within.[1] Most hipposiderids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 150 adult individuals to 10,000. The lesser great leaf-nosed bat, Makira roundleaf bat, Nicobar leaf-nosed bat, Pomona roundleaf bat, short-tailed roundleaf bat, Cox's roundleaf bat, and Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat are categorized as endangered species, and the Kolar leaf-nosed bat and Lamotte's roundleaf bat are categorized as critically endangered.

The 86 extant species of Hipposideridae are divided into seven genera; 70 of the species are in the Hipposideros genus. The other six genera are Anthops, Asellia, Aselliscus, Coelops, Doryrhina, and Macronycteris. A few extinct prehistoric hipposiderid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (2 species)
 EN Endangered (7 species)
 VU Vulnerable (15 species)
 NT Near threatened (10 species)
 LC Least concern (41 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (11 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hipposiderid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

[edit]

The family Hipposideridae consists of seven genera: Anthops, with one species; Asellia, containing four species; Aselliscus, containing three species; Coelops, containing two species; Doryrhina, containing two species; Hipposideros, containing 70 species; and Macronycteris, containing four species.

Family Hipposideridae

  • Genus Anthops (flower-faced bat): one species
  • Genus Asellia (trident bats): four species
  • Genus Aselliscus (trident bats): three species
  • Genus Coelops (tailless leaf-nosed bats): two species
  • Genus Doryrhina (roundleaf bats): two species
  • Genus Hipposideros (roundleaf bats): 70 species
  • Genus Macronycteris (leaf-nosed bats): four species
Hipposideridae[3]  

Hipposiderids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4]

Genus Anthops – Thomas, 1888 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Flower-faced bat

Drawing of bat face

A. ornatus
Thomas, 1888 		Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.3–1 cm (0.1–0.4 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[6] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Genus Asellia – Gray, 1838 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Arabian trident bat


A. arabica
Benda, Vallo, & Reiter, 2011 		Oman and Yemen
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[7]

Habitat: Savanna[8] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[8]

Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat


A. patrizii
Beaux, 1931 		Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Saudi Arabia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[7]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and caves[9] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[9]

Somalian trident bat


A. italosomalica
Beaux, 1936 		Horn of Africa Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[7]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, caves, and desert[10] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[10]

Trident bat

Brown bat

A. tridens
(Geoffroy, 1813) 		Northern Africa and Western Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[7]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, caves, and desert[11] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[11]

Genus Aselliscus – Tate, 1941 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dong Bac's trident bat


A. dongbacanus
Tu et al., 2015 		Northern Vietnam
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
about 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[12] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[12]

Stoliczka's trident bat

Head of brown bat

A. stoliczkanus
(Dobson, 1871) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[13] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[13]

Temminck's trident bat

Drawing of bat head

A. tricuspidatus
(Temminck, 1835) 		Northern Oceania
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[14] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[14]

Genus Coelops – Blyth, 1848 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat

Drawing of bat head

C. frithii
Blyth, 1848

Five subspecies
  • C. f. bernsteini
  • C. f. formosanus
  • C. f. frithii
  • C. f. inflatus
  • C. f. sinicus
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[15] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat


C. robinsoni
Bonhote, 1908 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Caves and forest[16] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[16]

Genus Doryrhina – Peters, 1871 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater roundleaf bat


D. camerunensis
Eisentraut, 1956 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–8 cm (3–3 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest[17] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[17]

Cyclops roundleaf bat

Drawing of bat head

D. cyclops
Temminck, 1853 		Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[18] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Genus Hipposideros – Gray, 1831 – 70 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aba roundleaf bat


H. abae
Allen, 1917 		Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Savanna and rocky areas[20] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[20]

Aellen's roundleaf bat


H. marisae
Aellen, 1954 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves, rocky areas, and forest[21] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[21]

Andersen's leaf-nosed bat


H. gentilis
Andersen, 1918 		Southern and southeastern Asia Size: About 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[22] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[22]

Arnhem leaf-nosed bat


H. inornatus
McKean, 1970 		Northern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[23] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[23]

Ashy roundleaf bat

Bat skull bones

H. cineraceus
Blyth, 1853

Two subspecies
  • H. c. cineraceus
  • H. c. wrighti
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[24] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[24]

Benito roundleaf bat

Bat skull

H. beatus
K. Andersen, 1906

Two subspecies
  • H. b. beatus
  • H. b. maximus
Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[25] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[25]

Biak roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. papua
(Thomas & Doria, 1886) 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[26] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[26]

Bicolored roundleaf bat

Drawing of bat head

H. bicolor
(Temminck, 1834) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[27] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[27]

Big-eared roundleaf bat

H. macrobullatus
Tate, 1941 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[28] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[28]

Boeadi's roundleaf bat


H. boeadii
Rossiter, Suyanto, Kingston, & Bates, 2007 		Indonesia Size: Unknown length, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[29] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[29]

Borneo roundleaf bat


H. doriae
(Peters, 1871) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[30] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[30]

Cantor's roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. galeritus
Cantor, 1846 		Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Rocky areas, caves, and forest[31] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[31]

Cox's roundleaf bat


H. coxi
Shelford, 1901 		Western Borneo
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Unknown[32] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[32]

Crested roundleaf bat


H. inexpectatus
Laurie & Hill, 1954 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
About 10 cm (4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves and unknown[33] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[33]

Dayak roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. dyacorum
Thomas, 1902 		Indonesia and Malaysia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[34] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Diadem leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

H. diadema
(É. Geoffroy, 1813) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–10 cm (2–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[35] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Dusky leaf-nosed bat

H. ater
Templeton, 1848

Six subspecies
  • H. a. amboinensis
  • H. a. aruensis
  • H. a. ater
  • H. a. gilberti
  • H. a. nicobarulae
  • H. a. saevus

Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
1–5 cm (0.4–2.0 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[36] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat


H. megalotis
(Heuglin, 1862) 		Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: About 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[37] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[37]

Fawn leaf-nosed bat

Brown bats

H. cervinus
(Gould, 1854)

Four subspecies
  • H. c. batchianus
  • H. c. cervinus
  • H. c. labuanensis
  • H. c. misoriensis
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[38] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[38]

Fierce roundleaf bat


H. dinops
K. Andersen, 1905 		Northeastern Oceania
Map of range 		Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail
8–10 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[39] 		 VU 


6,000 Population declining[39]

Fly River roundleaf bat

Drawing of bat face

H. muscinus
(Thomas & Doria, 1886) 		New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest[40] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[40]

Fulvus roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. fulvus
Gray, 1838 		Southern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[41] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[41]

Grand roundleaf bat


H. grandis
Allen, 1936 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves and unknown[42] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[42]

Great roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. armiger
(Hodgson, 1835)

Four subspecies
  • H. a. armiger
  • H. a. fujianensis
  • H. a. terasensis
  • H. a. tranninhensis
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail
8–11 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[43] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[43]

Griffin's leaf-nosed bat


H. griffini
Thong et al., 2012 		Vietnam Size: Unknown length
8–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[44] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[44]

Ha Long leaf-nosed bat


H. alongensis
Bourret, 1942 		Vietnam Size: Unknown length
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[45] 		 VU 


9,000 Population declining[45]

Hill's roundleaf bat


H. edwardshilli
Flannery & Colgan, 1993 		Northern Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: About 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[46] 		 VU 


Unknown Unknown[46]

House-dwelling leaf-nosed bat


H. einnaythu
Douangboubpha et al., 2011 		Myanmar Size: Unknown length
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Unknown[47] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[47]

Indian roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. lankadiva
Kelaart, 1850 		Southern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–10 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[48] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[48]

Intermediate roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. larvatus
(Horsfield, 1823) 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[49] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[49]

Jones's roundleaf bat


H. jonesi
Hayman, 1947 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, rocky areas, and caves[50] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

H. durgadasi
Khajuria, 1970 		Central India
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[51] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[51]

Kolar leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

H. hypophyllus
Kock & Bhat, 1994 		Southern India
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[52] 		 CR 


150–200 Population declining[52]

Lamotte's roundleaf bat


H. lamottei
(Brosset, 1984) 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and caves[53] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[53]

Laotian leaf-nosed bat


H. rotalis
Francis, Kock, & Habersetzer, 1999 		Laos Size: Unknown length, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[54] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[54]

Large Asian roundleaf bat


H. lekaguli
Thonglongya & Hill, 1974 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[55] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[55]

Large Mindanao roundleaf bat


H. coronatus
Peters, 1871 		Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[56] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[56]

Lesser great leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat arm

H. turpis
Bangs, 1901 		Japan Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves[57] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Maduran leaf-nosed bat


H. madurae
Kitchener & Maryanto, 1993 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[58] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat


H. maggietaylorae
Smith & Hill, 1981

Two subspecies
  • H. m. erroris
  • H. m. maggietaylorae
New Guinea and nearby islands
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves, shrubland, and forest[59] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[59]

Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat


H. tephrus
Cabrera, 1906 		Morocco, Yemen, and Senegal Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
Unknown arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[60] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[60]

Makira roundleaf bat


H. demissus
K. Andersen, 1909 		Solomon Islands
Map of range 		Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
About 7 cm (3 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[61] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[61]

Malayan roundleaf bat


H. nequam
K. Andersen, 1918 		Malaysia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Unknown[62] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[62]

Nicobar leaf-nosed bat


H. nicobarulae
Miller, 1902 		Nicobar Islands Size: Unknown length
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[63] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[63]

Noack's roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. ruber
Noack, 1893

Two subspecies
  • H. r. guineensis
  • H. r. ruber
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[64] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[64]

Northern leaf-nosed bat


H. stenotis
Thomas, 1913 		Northern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves[65] 		 VU 


5,000 Unknown[65]

Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat


H. orbiculus
Francis, Kock, & Habersetzer, 1999 		Sumatra island in Indonesia and Malaysia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[66] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[66]

Peleng leaf-nosed bat


H. pelingensis
Shamel, 1940 		Sulawesi island in Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
9–10 cm (4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[67] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Pendlebury's roundleaf bat

Brown bat head

H. pendleburyi
Chasen, 1936 		Thailand
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail
7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[68] 		 VU 


4,700 Population declining[68]

Philippine forest roundleaf bat


H. obscurus
(Peters, 1861) 		Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[69] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[69]

Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat


H. pygmaeus
(Waterhouse, 1843) 		Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[70] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[70]

Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

H. khaokhouayensis
Guillén-Servent & Francis, 2009 		Laos and Vietnam
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[71] 		 VU 


8,000–10,000 Population declining[71]

Pomona roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. pomona
K. Andersen, 1918 		India Size: Unknown length
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[72] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[72]

Pratt's roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. pratti
Thomas, 1891 		Eastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail
7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves[73] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[73]

Ridley's leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

H. ridleyi
Robinson & Kloss, 1911 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[74] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[74]

Schneider's leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

H. speoris
(Schneider, 1800) 		India
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[75] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[75]

Semon's leaf-nosed bat


H. semoni
Matschie, 1903 		Northeastern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[76] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[76]

Shield-faced roundleaf bat

Brown bats

H. lylei
Thomas, 1913 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail
7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[77] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[77]

Shield-nosed leaf-nosed bat


H. scutinares
Robinson, Jenkins, Francis, & Fulford, 2003 		Laos and Vietnam
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail
7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[78] 		 VU 


8,000–10,000 Population declining[78]

Short-headed roundleaf bat


H. breviceps
Tate, 1941 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: About 4 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[79] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[79]

Short-tailed roundleaf bat


H. curtus
Allen, 1921 		Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[80] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[80]

Sooty roundleaf bat

Drawing of bat head

H. fuliginosus
(Temminck, 1853) 		Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest[81] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[81]

Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat


H. sorenseni
Kitchener, 1993 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves[82] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[82]

Spurred roundleaf bat


H. calcaratus
(Dobson, 1877)

Two subspecies
  • H. c. calcaratus
  • H. c. cupidus
Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[83] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[83]

Sumba roundleaf bat


H. sumbae
(Oei, 1960) 		Indonesia and East Timor
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Caves[84] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[84]

Sundevall's roundleaf bat

Brown bat

H. caffer
(Sundevall, 1846)

Three subspecies
  • H. c. angolensis
  • H. c. caffer
  • H. c. nanus
Africa and southern Arabian Peninsula
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, inland wetlands, and caves[85] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[85]

Telefomin roundleaf bat


H. corynophyllus
Hill, 1985 		New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[86] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[86]

Thailand roundleaf bat


H. halophyllus
Hill & Yenbutra, 1984 		Thailand
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19]

Habitat: Forest and caves[87] 		 VU 


2,500–10,000 Population declining[87]

Timor roundleaf bat

Drawings of bats

H. crumeniferus
Lesueur & Petit, 1807 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown[19]

Habitat: Forest[88] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[88]

Wollaston's roundleaf bat


H. wollastoni
Thomas, 1913

Three subspecies
  • H. w. fasensis
  • H. w. parnabyi
  • H. w. wollastoni
New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[89] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[89]

Genus Macronycteris – Gray, 1866 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Commerson's roundleaf bat

Brown bat

M. commersonii
Geoffroy, 1813 		Madagascar Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
8–11 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[90] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[90]

Giant roundleaf bat

Drawing of bat head

M. gigas
Wagner, 1845 		Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
9–13 cm (4–5 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, rocky areas, and caves[91] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[91]

São Tomé leaf-nosed bat


M. thomensis
Bocage, 1891 		São Tomé Island
Map of range 		Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest and caves[92] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[92]

Striped leaf-nosed bat

Brown bat

M. vittata
(Peters, 1852) 		Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
8–11 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[5]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[93] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[93]

References

[edit]
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  63. ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C.; Waldien, D. L. (2020). "Hipposideros nicobarulae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T80458824A95642215. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T80458824A95642215.en.
  64. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Hutson, A. M.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Hipposideros ruber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10157A22102440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10157A22102440.en.
  65. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Woinarski, J. C. Z.; Milne, D. J. (2021). "Hipposideros stenotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10163A22099463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10163A22099463.en.
  66. ^ a b Francis, C; Bates, P.; Kingston, T.; Senawi, J. (2016). "Hipposideros orbiculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136192A22008477. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136192A22008477.en.
  67. ^ a b Wiantoro, S.; Waldien, D. L. (2021). "Hipposideros pelingensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136600A21996457. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136600A21996457.en.
  68. ^ a b Soisook, P. (2019). "Hipposideros pendlebury". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T80224655A95642195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T80224655A95642195.en.
  69. ^ a b Alviola, P. A.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Pedregosa, M.; Jakosalem, P. G.; Tanalgo, K. (2019). "Hipposideros obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10153A22101961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10153A22101961.en.
  70. ^ a b Sedlock, J.; Alviola, P. A.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, P. G.; Tanalgo, K. (2019). "Hipposideros pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10156A22102078. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10156A22102078.en.
  71. ^ a b Douangboubpha, B. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Hipposideros khaokhouayensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136819A166602959. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136819A166602959.en.
  72. ^ a b Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, A. (2020). "Hipposideros pomona". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T180990825A180990948. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T180990825A180990948.en.
  73. ^ a b Jiang, T. L.; Feng, J. (2019). "Hipposideros pratti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10155A22102257. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10155A22102257.en.
  74. ^ a b Khan, F. A. A.; Rajasegaran, P.; Rosli, Q. (2020). "Hipposideros ridleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10108A22098446. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10108A22098446.en.
  75. ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros speoris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10162A22099260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10162A22099260.en.
  76. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Hipposideros semoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10160A209537564. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10160A209537564.en.
  77. ^ a b Senawi, J.; Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C. (2019). "Hipposideros lylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10145A22100391. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10145A22100391.en.
  78. ^ a b Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Csorba, G.; Tu, V. (2019). "Hipposideros scutinares". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136586A22000133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136586A22000133.en.
  79. ^ a b Huang, J. C.-C.; Sigit W. (2016). "Hipposideros breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10114A22094935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10114A22094935.en.
  80. ^ a b Tanshi, I. (2020). "Hipposideros curtus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10125A22096364. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10125A22096364.en.
  81. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Juste, J.; Bergmans, W.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Fahr, J. (2017). "Hipposideros fuliginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10134A22090466. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10134A22090466.en.
  82. ^ a b Waldien, D. L.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Hipposideros sorenseni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10161A22099115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10161A22099115.en.
  83. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Wiantoro, S.; Lavery, T. H. (2021). "Hipposideros calcaratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10116A22094185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10116A22094185.en.
  84. ^ a b Santiago, K.; Wortham, G.; Gill, J.; Waldien, D. L. (2021). "Hipposideros sumbae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10164A22099540. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10164A22099540.en.
  85. ^ a b Richards, L. R.; Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Kock, D.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W.; Aulagnier, S. (2020). "Hipposideros caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T80459007A22094271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T80459007A22094271.en.
  86. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Hipposideros corynophyllus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10122A209536979. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10122A209536979.en.
  87. ^ a b Douangboubpha, B.; Soisook, P. (2016). "Hipposideros halophyllus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10137A22092544. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10137A22092544.en.
  88. ^ a b Hutson, A. M.; Schlitter, D.; Struebig, M.; Csorba, G. (2016). "Hipposideros crumeniferus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10124A22096519. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10124A22096519.en.
  89. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Hipposideros wollastoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10166A209537699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10166A209537699.en.
  90. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Andriafidison, D.; Cardiff, S. G.; Goodman, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Jenkins, R. K. B.; Kofoky, A.; Racey, P. A.; Ranivo, J.; Ratrimomanarivo, F. H.; Razafimanahaka, J. (2019). "Hipposideros commersoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10120A22092860. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10120A22092860.en.
  91. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Bergmans, W.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M. (2017). "Hipposideros gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T44687A22075133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T44687A22075133.en.
  92. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Juste, J.; Hutson, A. M.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Hipposideros thomensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T44689A22074748. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T44689A22074748.en.
  93. ^ a b Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W.; Cotterill, F. P. D.; Cooper-Bohannon, R. (2020). "Macronycteris vittatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T135485A22050985. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T135485A22050985.en.

Sources

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