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Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

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Map of cannabis laws in the US
Legality of cannabis in the United States
  Legal for recreational use
  Legal for medical use
  No comprehensive medical program
 Decriminalized

Notes:
· Reflects laws of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.
· Map does not show state legality of hemp-derived cannabinoids such as CBD or delta-8-THC, which have been legal at federal level since enactment of the 2018 Farm Bill.

In the United States, cannabis is legal in 38 of 50 states for medical use and 24 states for recreational use. At the federal level, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, prohibiting its use for any purpose.[1] Despite this prohibition, federal law is generally not enforced against the possession, cultivation, or intrastate distribution of cannabis in states where such activity has been legalized.[2][3] Beginning in 2024, the Drug Enforcement Administration has initiated a review to potentially move cannabis to the less-restrictive Schedule III.[4]

The medical use of cannabis is legal with a medical recommendation in 38 states, four out of five permanently inhabited U.S. territories,[a] and the federal District of Columbia (D.C.).[5] Ten other states have laws that limit the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), for the purpose of allowing access to products rich in cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating component of cannabis.[5][6] The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment, first passed in 2014, prohibits federal prosecution of individuals complying with state medical cannabis laws.[7]

The recreational use of cannabis has been legalized in 24 states, three U.S. territories, and D.C.[b] Another seven states have decriminalized its use.[c][8] Commercial distribution has been legalized in all jurisdictions where possession has been legalized, except for Virginia and D.C. Personal cultivation for recreational use is allowed in all of these jurisdictions except for Delaware, Illinois, New Jersey, and Washington state.

Cannabinoid drugs which have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prescription use are Marinol and Syndros (synthetic THC is the active ingredient in both), Cesamet (nabilone), and Epidiolex (CBD). For non-prescription use, products with less than 0.3% delta-9 THC containing CBD, delta-8 THC, and other naturally-occurring cannabinoids derived from hemp (cannabis containing less than 0.3% delta-9 THC) are legal and unregulated[9] at the federal level, but legality and enforcement varies by state.[10][11][12]

Statewide legalization of recreational cannabis is set to appear on the ballot for the 2024 elections as 2024 Florida Amendment 3, and in North and South Dakota.[13] Nebraskans will decide on a ballot measure related to medical cannabis the same day.[14]

By state

[edit]
Contents
Legend:
  Legal for recreational use
  Legal for medical use
  No comprehensive medical program
Decriminalized

Federal district

[edit]

By inhabited territory

[edit]

By tribal nation

[edit]

Note: There are approximately 326 federally recognized Indian reservations in the United States. This table shows only reservations which are known to have legalized medical or recreational use of cannabis, and may not be a complete list of reservations that have done so.

Legalization timeline

[edit]


More maps

[edit]
Delta-8 THC legal status by state.[262]
Cannabis offense record clearance by state.[263]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands
  2. ^ States that have legalized the use of recreational marijuana, including laws which have not yet gone into effect: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington

    Territories that have legalized recreational marijuana include: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands
  3. ^ Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ The Federal Status of Marijuana and the Expanding Policy Gap with States, Congressional Research Service, March 6, 2023, IF12270, Although state laws do not affect the status of marijuana under federal law ... the federal response to states' legalizing or decriminalizing marijuana largely has been to allow states to implement their own laws...Federal law enforcement has generally focused its efforts on criminal networks involved in the illicit marijuana trade.
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