Haydar Bey's Assyrian Expedition

Haydar Bey's Assyrian Expedition
	Part of Sayfo
Date	April 21-June 1915
Location	Hakkari Mountains, Barwar, and surrounding regions (modern-day southeastern Turkey, northeastern Iraq, and western Iran)
Result	Kurdish - Ottoman victory Destruction of most Assyrian villages in Barwar and Hakkari; Large-scale massacres of Assyrian civilians; Exodus of surviving Assyrians to Russian and British-controlled territories; Continued ethnic cleansing of Assyrians from the region; Destruction of over 60 Assyrian churches and countless villages; Death of Assyrian leaders, including Malik Yosip; The majority of Assyrian survivors fled to refugee camps in British-controlled Iraq and other regions under foreign protection.;
Belligerents
Assyrians ; Assyrian volunteers Tkhuma tribe; Tyari tribe;	Ottoman Empire; Kurdish tribes
Commanders and leaders
Malik Yosip †	Haydar Bey; Reshid Akif Pasha; Rashid Bek; Suto Agha Oramarli; Agha Tahir Doski
Strength
Limited forces, local tribes armed with outdated rifles	Approx. 22,000 troops 7,000 Turkish regular army, 15,000 Kurdish militia; Light field artillery; 20,000 French rifles and 400 Cossack reinforcements for the Kurds.;
Casualties and losses
Heavy casualties among Assyrian civilians	Unknown

Haydar Bey’s Assyrian Expedition occurred during World War I, when Ottoman and Kurdish forces attacked the Assyrians in Hakkari, massacred many, and destroyed their villages.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Aftermath

The majority of Assyrian survivors were forced to flee their homeland, never to return. They resettled in refugee camps in British-controlled Iraq and other regions under foreign protection.^[2]^[4]

References

^ The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar. ISBN 9047443497.
^ ^a ^b Debt of Honour: How an Anzac saved the Assyrian people from Genocide.
^ Gaunt, David; Atto, Naures; Barthoma, Soner O. (May 2017). Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1785334993.
^ ^a ^b Yacoub, Joseph (2016). Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide : a History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190633462.
^ Massacres, Resistance, Protectors Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I. Gorgias Press. 2006. ISBN 978-1-59333-301-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lindenmayer, Sarah (December 10, 2018). Debt of Honour How an Anzac Saved the Assyrian People from Genocide (in ISO 639-1). Australian Self Publishing Group/ Inspiring Publishers. pp. 37–38. ISBN 9780648317739.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[1] The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar. ISBN 9047443497.

[:0-2] Debt of Honour: How an Anzac saved the Assyrian people from Genocide.

[3] Gaunt, David; Atto, Naures; Barthoma, Soner O. (May 2017). Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1785334993.

[:1-4] Yacoub, Joseph (2016). Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide : a History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190633462.

[5] Massacres, Resistance, Protectors Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I. Gorgias Press. 2006. ISBN 978-1-59333-301-0.

[{{Cite_book_|last=Lindenmayer_|first=Sarah_|title=Debt_of_Honour_How_an_Anzac_Saved_the_Assyrian_People_from_Genocide_|publisher=Australian_Self_Publishing_Group/_Inspiring_Publishers_|isbn=9780648317739_|publication-date=December_10,_2018_|pages=37–38_|language=ISO_639-1}}<ref-6] Lindenmayer, Sarah (December 10, 2018). Debt of Honour How an Anzac Saved the Assyrian People from Genocide (in ISO 639-1). Australian Self Publishing Group/ Inspiring Publishers. pp. 37–38. ISBN 9780648317739.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

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