2007 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2007.
Plants
[edit]Angiosperms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Bogner, Johnson, Kvacek, & Upchurch |
An Orontium species |
|||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Bogner, Johnson, Kvacek, & Upchurch |
An Orontium species |
 | ||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Smith & Stockey |
A Saururus species |
|||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Pigg, Dillhoff, DeVore, & Wehr |
A Tetracentron species |
 | ||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Pigg, Dillhoff, DeVore, & Wehr |
A Trochodendron species |
General paleobotanical research
[edit]- An approximately 1,000 ha (3.9 sq mi) Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) age rainforest is reported from the Herrin #6 coal mine in Illinois by DiMichele et al.[5]
Fungi
[edit]newly named
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Mindell, Stockey, Beard & Currah |
Extinct ascomycete fungus |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
Valid |
Poinar & Buckley |
Late Albian (Cretaceous) |
oldest mushroom genus described from the fossil record. |
Arthropoda
[edit]Crustaceans
[edit]Research
[edit]- Schram (2007) publishes a revision of Paleozoic stomatopods, erecting the families Gorgonophontidae and Daidalidae.[8]
New taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et. comb. nov./ Gen. et. sp. nov |
Valid |
Schram |
A mantis shrimp, type species is D. acanthocercus (originally described in 1998 as Tyrannophontes acanthocercus), genus also includes the species D. pattoni and D. schoellmanni |
 | ||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schram |
Insects
[edit]New taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Schultz |
A myrmicin fungus farming ant |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Schultz |
A myrmicin fungus farming ant |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp nov |
Valid |
Veltz, Azar & Nel |
A member of the family Chironomidae belonging to the subfamily Prodiamesinae. The type species is C. arieli. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp nov |
Valid |
Veltz, Azar & Nel |
A member of the family Chironomidae belonging to the subfamily Tanypodinae and the tribe Pentaneurini. The type species is C. salomea. |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Engel & Grimaldi |
A mantidfly. |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Engel & Grimaldi |
A mantidfly. |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Wedmann, Bradler, Rust |
First leaf insect from the fossil record. |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Szwedo |
New planthopper genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp nov |
Valid |
Veltz, Azar & Nel |
A member of the family Chironomidae belonging to the subfamily Orthocladiinae. The type species is L. furcatus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp nov |
Valid |
Veltz, Azar & Nel |
A member of the family Chironomidae belonging to the subfamily Prodiamesinae. The type species is L. deploegi. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp nov |
Valid |
Veltz, Azar & Nel |
A member of the family Chironomidae belonging to the subfamily Tanypodinae and the tribe Pentaneurini or Macropelopiini. The type species is L. cretacica. |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
A bittacid |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Makarkin & Menon |
An Ithonidae lacewing, type species P. incerta |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Jr synonym of Protosialis casca |
Engel & Grimaldi |
The only alderfly from the West Indies fossil record. |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mohrig & Solórzano Kraemer |
A Sciarid fly |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp nov |
Valid |
Veltz, Azar & Nel |
A member of the family Chironomidae belonging to the subfamily Tanypodinae and the tribe Anatopyniini. The type species is W. libanicus. |
Fish
[edit]Bony fish
[edit]- Everhart, M. J. (2007). "Remains of a pycnodont fish (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) in a coprolite; An upper record of Micropycnodon kansasensis in the Smoky Hill Chalk, western Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 110 (1/2): 35–43. doi:10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[35:ROAPFA]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 84547644.
- Cavin, L.; Suteethorn, V.; Buffetaut, E.; Claude, J.; Cuny, G.; Loeuff, J. Le; Tong, H. (2007). "The first sinamiid fish (Holostei, Halecomorpha) from Southeast Asia (Early Cretaceous of Thailand)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 827–837. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[827:TFSFHH]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85325978.
- Cavin, L.; Suteethorn, V.; Buffetaut, E.; Tong, H. (2007). "A new Thai Mesozoic lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) with an insight into post-Palaeozoic dipnoan evolution". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (2): 141–177. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00238.x.
Cartilaginous fish
[edit]- Everhart, M. J. (2007). "New stratigraphic records (Albian-Campanian) of the guitarfish, Rhinobatos sp. (Chondrichthyes; Rajiformes), from the Cretaceous of Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 110 (3–4): 225–235. doi:10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[225:nsraor]2.0.co;2. S2CID 84920949.
Archosauromorphs
[edit]Pseudosuchians
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
An aetosaur. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
A rauisuchian. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Eocene/Middle Miocene |
Parángula Formation, Ipururo Formation & Divisadero Largo Formation |
A sebecid. |
 | ||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Eocene |
A member of Tomistominae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
A member of Peirosauridae. |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
A member of Crocodyliformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
A member of Pholidosauridae. |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
|
A new genus for "Crocodylus" robustus Grandidier & Vaillant (1872). |
 | ||||
|
Gen. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Paleocene |
A sebecid; a new genus name for Sebecus querejazus. |
Pterosaurs
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Averianov |
An azhdarchid |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Wang et al |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kellner & Campos |
 |
Newly named non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Irmis et al |
|
A Lagerpetonidae dinosauromorph reptile |
 |
Newly named non-avian dinosauromorphs
[edit]Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.[26]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Martinelli & Vera |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
A Centrosaurine. the Ceratopsian from Alberta. |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
A basal sauropodomorph |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Allain et al |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Gilpin, DiCroce, & Carpenter |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
 | ||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Wang et al |
A sauropod |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
An Early ornithischian |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Wu, Brinkman, Eberth, & Braman |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Calvo, Porfiri, González-Riga, & Kellner |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu, et al |
A Giantoviraptorosaurian |
 | ||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kutty, Chatterjee, Galton, & Upchurch |
An Early Sauropodomorph. |
 | ||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Lü et al |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Turner et al |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Calvo, González-Riga, & Porfiri |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Mo, Zhao, Wang, & Xu |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
 | ||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
An ornithopod |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Jr synonym of Sauroposeidon |
|||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Galton, Yates, & Kermack |
A basal sauropodomorph |
 | ||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kutty, Chatterjee, Galton, & Upchurch |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Turner, Hwang, & Norell |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Ji et al |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Li et al |
 | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Averianov & Sues |
A troodontid | |||||
|
‘’Velafrons’’ |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
a hadrosaur | |||||
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Lü et al |
||||||
| Zhongyuansaurus[54] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu et al |
An ankylosaurid |
||||
| Zhuchengosaurus[55] |
Gen et sp nov |
Jr synonym |
|
Junior synonym of Shantungosaurus |
Newly named birds
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alethoalaornithidae Li, Hu, Duan, Gong et Hou, 2007, Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
|||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Campanian |
|
Described in Baptornithidae, Hesperornithiformes, transferred to Brodavis Martin, Kurochkin et Tokaryk, 2012, Brodavidae, Hesperornithiformes. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene |
A Charadriidae, lapwing, a relative of the southern lapwing. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
||||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Oligocene |
: |
First described as ?Oligocorax sp. Mayr, 2001, than as ?Borvocarbo stoeffelensis Mayr, 2007. In 2014 Mayr transferred the species back as ?Oligocorax stoeffelensis (Mayr, 2007). |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Miocene |
An Anatidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Shigeru Suzuki |
Late Cretaceous |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Miocene |
A Bucorvidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
?Upper Middle Paleocene |
?MP 5 |
Described in cf. Lithornithidae, Lithornithiformes, Palaeognathae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Subrecent |
A Rallidae. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Subrecent |
A Rallidae. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Subrecent |
A Rallidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Upper Middle Paleocene |
?MP 5 |
Described in cf. Cariamae sensu Olson, 1985. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Eocene |
A Spheniscidae from Peru. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Miocene |
 |
||||||
|
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Late Miocene |
A Spheniscidae from Chubut Province. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Miocene |
An Anatidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Miocene |
An Anatidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Cretaceous, Late Maastrichtian |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Miocene |
A possible Anatidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Miocene |
A possible Anatidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Pleistocene |
An Emberizidae Passeriformes. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
|||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early-Middle Miocene |
|||||||
|
Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
Another Spheniscidae from Peru. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Middle-Early Late Miocene |
Another Spheniscidae from Peru. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Oligocene |
A stem Turnicidae. |
||||||
|
Gen. Nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Eocene, |
A stem Psittaciformes, Vastanavidae G. Mayr, Rana, Rose, Sahni, Kumar, Sing et T. Smith, 2010. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Infraorder Cariamides. |
Lepidosauromorpha
[edit]Plesiosaurs
[edit]- Everhart, M. J. (2007). "Historical note on the 1884 discovery of Brachauchenius lucasi (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) in Ottawa County, Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 110 (3–4): 255–258. doi:10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[255:hnotdo]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86180150.
- Everhart, M. J. (2007). "Use of archival photographs to rediscover the locality of the Holyrood elasmosaur (Ellsworth County, Kansas)". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 110 (1/2): 135–143. doi:10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[135:uoaptr]2.0.co;2. S2CID 86051586.
|
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Synapsids
[edit]Non-mammalian
[edit]| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid |
|
257 million years ago |  | |||
|
Valid |
|
231 million years ago | ||||
|
Valid |
|
256 million years ago |
New genus for "Cryptocynodon" parringtoni |
|||
|
Valid |
|
256 million years ago |  |
Mammals
[edit]| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanacetus | Valid |
|
Miocene |
|
|||
|
Valid |
|
Early Oligocene |
A peradectine marsupial |
||||
|
Valid |
|
Tortonian |
|||||
|
Valid |
|
Late Miocene |
Footnotes
[edit]Complete author list
[edit]As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.
References
[edit]- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ a b Bogner, J.; Johnson, K. R.; Kvacek, Z.; Upchurch, G. R. (2007). "New fossil leaves of Araceae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of western North America" (PDF). Zitteliana. A (47): 133–147. ISSN 1612-412X.
- ^ Smith, S. Y.; Stockey, R. A. (2007). "Establishing a fossil record for the perianthless Piperales: Saururus tuckerae sp. nov.(Saururaceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert". American Journal of Botany. 94 (10): 1642–1657. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.10.1642. PMID 21636361.
- ^ a b Pigg, K.B.; Dillhoff, R.M.; DeVore, M.L.; Wehr, W.C. (2007). "New diversity among the Trochodendraceae from the Early/Middle Eocene Okanogan Highlands of British Columbia, Canada, and Northeastern Washington State, United States". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 168 (4): 521–532. doi:10.1086/512104. S2CID 86524324.
- ^ DiMichele, W.A.; Falcon-Lang, H.J.; Nelson, W.J.; Elrick, S.D.; Ames, P.R. (2007). "Ecological gradients within a Pennsylvanian mire forest". Geology. 35 (5): 415–418. doi:10.1130/G23472A.1.
- ^ Mindell, R.A.; Stockey, R.A.; Beard, G.; Currah, R.S. (2007). "Margaretbarromyces dictyosporus gen. sp. nov.: a permineralized corticolous ascomycete from the Eocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia". Mycological Research. 111 (6): 680–684. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.010. PMID 17601718.
- ^ Poinar, G.O.; Buckley, R. (2007). "Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber". Mycological Research. 111 (4): 503–506. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004. PMID 17512712.
- ^ a b c Schram, Frederick R. (2007). "Paleozoic Proto-Mantis Shrimp Revisited". Journal of Paleontology. 81 (5): 895–916. doi:10.1666/pleo05-075.1. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 4498847. S2CID 85606671.
- ^ a b Schultz, T.R. (2007). "The fungus-growing ant genus Apterostigma in Dominican amber". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 80: 425–436.
- ^ a b c d e f Isabelle Veltz; Dany Azar; André Nel (2007). "New chironomid flies in Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae)". African Invertebrates. 48 (1): 169–191.
- ^ a b c Engel, MS; Grimaldi, DA (2007). "The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)". American Museum Novitates (3587): 1–58. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5880. S2CID 49393365.
- ^ Wedmann, Sonja; Bradler, Sven; Rust, Jes (9 January 2007). "The first fossil leaf insect: 47 million years of specialized cryptic morphology and behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (2): 565–9. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104..565W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606937104. PMC 1766425. PMID 17197423.
- ^ Szwedo, J. (2007). "Glisachaemus jonasdamzeni gen. et sp. nov. of Cixiidae from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)" (PDF). Alavesia. 1: 109–116. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011.
- ^ Petrulevicius, J. F.; Huang, D-Y.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China" (PDF). African Invertebrates. 48 (1): 145–152. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012.
- ^ Makarkin, VN; Menon, F (2007). "First record of fossil 'rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 28 (5): 743–753. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.11.003.
- ^ Solórzano Kraemer, M. M.; Mohrig, W. (2007). "Schwenckfeldina archoica sp. nov. (Diptera, Sciaridae) from the middle Miocene Mexican amber" (PDF). Alavesia. 1: 105–108.
- ^ Spencer G. Lucas; Adrian P. Hunt; Justin A. Spielmann (2007). "A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic (Adamanian: Carnian) of Arizona". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 40: 241–247.
- ^ Nour-Eddine Jalil; Karin Peyer (2007). "A new rauisuchian (Archosauria, Suchia) from the Upper Triassic of the Argana Basin, Morocco". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 417–430. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00640.x. S2CID 140681396.
- ^ a b c Paolillo, Alfredo; Linares, Omar J. (2007). "Nuevos cocodrilos Sebecosuchia del Cenozoico Suramericano (Mesosuchia: Crocodylia)" (PDF). Paleobiologia Neotropical (in Spanish). 3: 1–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ Christopher A. Brochu (2007). "Systematics and taxonomy of Eocene tomistomine crocodylians from Britain and Northern Europe". Palaeontology. 50 (4): 917–928. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00679.x.
- ^ Ismar de Souza Carvalho; Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos; Sandra Aparecida Simionato Tavares (2007). "Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi, a new peirosaurid crocodile (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil". Zootaxa. 1607: 35–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1607.1.3. S2CID 87154004.
- ^ Lucas E. Fiorelli; Jorge O. Calvo (2007). "The first "protosuchian" (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from the Cretaceous (Santonian) of Gondwana". Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 65 (4): 417–459. ISSN 0365-4508.
- ^ Stéphane Hua; Eric Buffetaut; Christophe Legall; Patrick Rogron (2007). "Oceanosuchus boecensis n. gen., n. sp., a marine pholidosaurid (Crocodylia, Mesosuchia) from the Lower Cenomanian of Normandy (western France)". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 178 (6): 503–513. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.178.6.503.
- ^ Christopher A. Brochu (2007). "Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 150 (4): 835–863. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00315.x.
- ^ Irmis, Randall B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Padian, Kevin; Smith, Nathan D.; Turner, Alan H.; Woody, Daniel; Downs, Alex (2007). "A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs" (PDF). Science. 317 (5836): 358–361. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..358I. doi:10.1126/science.1143325. PMID 17641198. S2CID 6050601.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
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