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Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The various ethnolinguistic groups found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and/or South Asia demonstrate differing rates of particular Y-DNA haplogroups.

In the table below, the first two columns identify ethnolinguistic groups. Subsequent columns represent the sample size (n) of the study or studies cited, and the percentage of each haplogroup found in that particular sample.

(Data from studies conducted before 2004 may be inaccurate or a broad estimate, due to obsolete haplogroup naming systems – e.g. the former Haplogroup 2 included members of the relatively unrelated haplogroups known later as Haplogroup G and macrohaplogroup IJ [which comprises haplogroups I and J].)

Population Language family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H
Albanians IE (Albanian) 106 23.6
25/106[4] 		44 25
11/44[5] 		56 23.30
13/56[5]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 51 23.6[6][7] 51 9.8
5/51[6][7] 		51 9.6[6][7] 51 26.6[6][7] 51 23.53
12/51[6][7] 		51 1.96
1/51[6][7] 		51 0.0[6] 51 0.0[6] 51 0.0[6]
Kosovo Albanians (Pristina) IE (Albanian) 114 21.10
24/114[7] 		114 4.42
5/114[7] 		114 7.96
9/114[7] 		114 47.40
54/114[7] 		114 16.70
19/114[7]
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 30 18.3[8] 30 8.3[8] 30 11.7[8] 30 28.3[8] 30 0.0[8] 30 20.0
6/30[8] 		30 3.3
1/30[8]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 55 18.2
10/55[9] 		55 9.1
5/55[9] 		55 21.7
12/55[9] 		55 25.4
14/55[9] 		55 0.0[9] 55 23.5
13/55[9] 		55 1.8
1/55[9] 		55 0.0[9] 55 0.0[9] 55 0.0[9]
Albanians (North Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 64 18.8
12/64[9] 		64 1.6
1/64[9] 		64 17.3
11/64[9] 		64 39.1
25/64[9] 		64 0.0[9] 64 22
14/64[9] 		64 1.6
1/64[9] 		64 0.0[9] 64 0.0[9] 64 0.0[9]
Albanians + Albanians (North Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 55+
64
119		 18.5
22/119[9] 		55+
64
119		 5.05
6/119[9] 		55+
64
119		 19.33
23/119[9] 		55+
64
119		 32.8
39/119[9] 		0.0[9] 55+
64
119		 22.7
27/119[9] 		55+
64
119		 1.7
2/119[9] 		0.0[9] 0.0[9] 0.0[9]
Abazinians Northwest Caucasian 14 0[10] 14 14[10] 14 0[10] 14 0[10] 14 0[10] 14 7[10][11] 14 29[10]
Abkhaz Northwest Caucasian 12 8[10] 12 33.0[10] 12 33.3[10] 12 0[10] 12 0[10] 12 25[10][11] 12 0[10]
Altaians Turkic, Siberia 142 9.2[12]
Altaians (Northern) Turkic, Siberian 50 6.0[13] 50 38.0 50 0.0 50 0.0 50 2.0 50 0.0 50 10.0
Altaians (Southern) Turkic, Siberia 96 1.0[13] 96 53.1 96 2.1 96 1.0 96 4.2 96 11.5
Ambalakarar Dravidian (Southern) 29 0.0[14] 29 13.8[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 6.9[14] 29 3.4[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 20.7[14]
Amhara Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 48 0.0[15] 48 0.0[15] 48 0.0[15] 48 45.8[15] 48 33.3[15] 48 0.0[15] 48 0.0[15] 48 4.2[15] 48 0.0[15]
Andalusians IE (Romance) 29 65.5[6] 29 0.0[6] 103 3.9[4] 76 9.2[5] 93 1.1[5] 29 0.0[6] 29 0.0[6] 29 6.9[6] 29 3.4[6]
Andis Northeast Caucasian 49 6.1[16] 49 2.0[16] 49 26.5[16] 49 2.0[16] 49 55.1[16] 49 6.1[16] 49 0.0[16] 49 2.0[16] 49 0.0[16]
Arabs (Algeria) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 35 13.0[17] 35 0.0[17] 32 50[5] 35 35[17]
Arabs (Algeria - Oran) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 102 10.8[18] 102 1[18] 102 50.9[18] 102 12.8[18] 102 27.4[18]
Arabs (Bedouin) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 32 0.0[19] 32 9.4[19] 32 6.3[19] 32 18.7[19] 32 65.6[19] 32 0.0[19]
Arabs (Bedouins, Sinai Peninsula) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 147 4.1[20] 147 2.7[20] 147 0.7[20] 147 36.7[20] 147 2.8[20] 147 32.0[20] 147 8.8[20] 147 0.0[20] 147 8.2[20]
Arabs (Palestine) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 143 8.4[19] 143 1.4[19] 143 6.3[19] 143 20.3[19] 143 55.2[19] 143 0.0[19]
Arabs (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 44 3.8[7] 44 0.0[7] 44 0.0[7] 49 85.5[5] 49 2.4[5]
Arabs (Oman) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 121 1.7[20] 121 9.1[20] 121 0.0[20] 121 15.7[20] 121 7.4[20] 121 47.9[20] 121 1.7[20] 121 8.3[20] 121 0.8[20]
Arabs (Qatar) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 72 1.4[21] 72 6.9[21] 72 0.0[21] 72 5.6[21] 72 2.8[21] 72 66.7[21] 72 2.8[21] 72 0.0[21] 72 0.0[21] 72 2.8[21]
Arabs (Saudi Arabia) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 157 1.9[22] 157 5.1[22] 157 0.0[22] 157 7.6[22] 157 7.6[22] 157 40.0[22] 157 3.2[22] 157 0.0[22] 157 5.1[22] 157 1.9[22]
Arabs (UAE) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 164 4.3[21] 164 7.3[21] 164 11.6[21] 164 5.5[21] 164 45.1[21] 164 4.3[21] 164 0.0[21] 164 4.9[21] 164 3.0[21]
Arabs (Yemen) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 12.9[21] 62 3.2[21] 62 82.3[21] 62 1.6[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21] 62 0.0[21]
Arabs (Syria) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 20 15.0[6] 20 10.0[6] 20 5.0[6] 20 10.0[6] 20 30.0[6] 20 0.0[6] 20 0.0[6] 20 0.0[6] 20 0.0[6]
Arabs (Lebanon) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 31 6.4[6] 31 9.7[6] 31 3.2[6] 31 19.8[6] 31 51.2[6] 31 3.2[6] 31 0.0[6] 31 0.0[6] 31 3.2[6]
Arabs (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 102 15.7[23] 102 3.9[23] 102 16.7[23] 102 47.1[23]
Arabs (Tunisia) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 148 6.8[17] 148 0.0[17] 148 0.0[17] 148 54.5[17] 148 1.4[17] 148 30.6[17] 148 0.0[17] 148 0.7[17] 148 0.0[17]
Arabs (Libya) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 63 3[24] 63 1.5[24] 63 1.5[24] 63 52.0[24] 63 0.0[24] 63 24.0[24] 63 8.0[24] 63 5.0[24] 63 1.5[24]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 89 24.7[25] 89 5.6[25] 100 5.0[10] 89 3.4[25] 89 29.2[25] 100 11.0[10] 89 3.4[25]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 734 32.4[26] 734 5.3[26] 734 5.4[26] 734 1.6[26]
Aromanians (Dukasi, Albania) IE (Romance) 39 2.56
1/39[8] 		39 2.56
1/39[8] 		39 17.95
7/39[8] 		39 17.95
7/39[8] 		39 0.0[8] 39 48.72
19/39[8] 		39 10.26
4/39[8] 		39 39 39
Aromanians (Andon Poci, Albania) IE (Romance) 19 36.84
7/19[8] 		19 0.0[8] 19 42.11
8/19[8] 		19 15.79
3/19[8] 		19 0.0[8] 19 5.26
1/19[8] 		19 0.0[8] 19 19 19
Aromanians (Kruševo, North Macedonia) IE (Romance) 43 27.91
12/43[8] 		43 11.63
5/43[8] 		43 20.93
9/43[8] 		43 20.93
9/43[8] 		43 0.0[8] 43 11.63
5/19[8] 		43 6.98
3/19[8] 		43 43 43
Aromanians (Štip, North Macedonia) IE (Romance) 65 23.08
15/65[8] 		65 21.54
14/65[8] 		65 16.92
11/65[8] 		65 18.46
12/65[8] 		65 0.0[8] 65 20.0
13/65[8] 		65 0.0[8] 65 65 65
Aromanians (Romania) IE (Romance) 42 23.81
10/42[8] 		42 2.28
1/42[8] 		42 19.05
8/42[8] 		42 7.14
3/42[8] 		42 0.0[8] 42 33.33
14/42[8] 		42 0.0[8]
Aromanians (Balkan) IE (Romance) 39+
19+
43+
65+
42=
208		 21.63
45/208[8] 		208 10.1
21/208[8] 		208 20.67
43/208[8] 		208 16.35
34/208[8] 		208 0.0[8] 208 25
52/208[8] 		208 3.37
7/208[8]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 79 12.7[19] 79 22.8
18/79[19] 		79 43.0
34/79[19] 		79 0.0[19]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 442 4.1[27] 442 19.7
87/442[27] 		442 0.2[27] 442 38.0
168/442[27] 		442 9.7
43/442[27] 		442 0.2[27] 442 0.2[27]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West) 219 32 219 14
Avars Northeast Caucasian 42 2.4[16] 42 2.4[16] 42 0.0[16] 42 7.1[16] 42 71.4
30/42[16] 		42 0.0[16] 42 0.0[16] 42 4.8[16] 42 9.5[16]
Azerbaijanis Turkic, Oghuz 72 11.1[28] 72 6.9[28] 97 4.1[29]
Azerbaijanis (West Azerbaijan Province) Turkic, Oghuz 63 17.5[30] 63 19[30] 63 27.2[30]
Bagvalal Northeast Caucasian 28 67.9[16] 28 3.6[16] 28 7.1[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 21.4[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 0.0[16] 28 0.0[16]
Balkarian Turkic, Kipchak 39 2.6[5] 16 25.0[5]
Balkarians Turkic, Kipchak 38 13.2[9] 38 13.2[9] 38 2.6[9] 38 2.6[9] 38 0.0[9] 38 23.7[9] 38 28.9[9] 38 0.0[9] 38 0.0[9] 38 5.3[9]
Baloch IE (Iranian, NW) 25 8.0[14] 25 28.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 8.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 16.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 24.0[14]
Bashkirs (Perm) Turkic, Kipchak 43 86.05
37/43[31] 		43 9.3 43 0.0 43 0.0 43 0.0 43 0.0 43 2.3 43 2.3 43 0.0 43 0.0
Basque (France, Spain) Basque (Basque) 67 88.06
59/67[6] 		67 0.0[6] 67 7.46
5/67[6] 		67 1.49
1/67[6] 		67 2.99
2/67[6] 		67 0.0[6] 67 0.0[6] 67 0.0[6] 67 0.0[6]
German Bavarians IE (Germanic, West) 80 50.0
40/80[25] 		80 15.0[25] 80 8.0[25] 80 5.0[25] 80 0.0[25] 80 0.0[25]
Belgians IE (Germanic/Romance) 92 63.04
58/92[25] 		92 4.0[25] 92 2.0[25]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 41 0.0[25] 41 39.0[25] 147 19.0[4] 41 10.0[25] 41 2.4[25]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 68 4.4[32] 68 45.6[32] 68 25.0[32] 68 4.4[32] 68 1.5[32] 68 8.8[32]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 306 4.2[33] 306 51.0[33] 306 4.6[33] 306 3.3[33] 306 9.5[33]
Bearnais IE (Romance) 26 7.7[4] 43 3.7[5] 26 3.8[5]
Beja Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 42 4.76
2/42[23] 		42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 52.38
22/42[23] 		42 0.0[23] 42 38.1
16/42[23] 		42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23] 42 0.0[23]
Berbers (Marrakesh) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 29 92.9[29]
Berbers (Moyen Atlas) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 69 87.1[29]
Berbers (Mozabite) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 20 80.0[29]
Berbers (Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 64 88.2[5] 64 0[5] 103 0[5]
Berbers (north Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 43 43 79.5[34]
Berbers (north-central Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 63 88.8[5] 63 0[5]
Berbers (central Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 187 187 89.8[34]
Berbers (southern Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 40 89[5] 40 0[5]
Berbers (southern Morocco) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 65 65 98.5[34]
Berbers (northern Tunisia) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 32 100[35]
Berbers (southern Tunisia) Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 27 100[35]
Borgu (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Maban) 26 11.5[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 53.8[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23] 26 0.0[23]
Bosnians (Zenica) IE (Slavic, South) 69 1.45
1/69[7] 		69 24.64
17/69[7] 		69 53.62
37/69[7] 		69 10.14
7/69[7] 		69 0.0[7] 69 4.35
3/69[7]
Brahmins (Konkanastha) IE (Indo-Aryan) 25 0.0[14] 25 48.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 16.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 4.0[14]
Brahui Dravidian (Northern) 110 39.1[36] 110 0.0[36] 110 2.7[36] 110 28.2[36] 110 0.9[36] 110 7.3[36]
Brahui Dravidian (Northern) 25 0.0[14] 25 24.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 28.0[14] 25 16.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 8.0[14]
British IE (Germanic, West) 32 68.8
22/32[37] 		32 9.4
3/32[37]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 11.1[38] 6.4[38] 30.2[38] 20.6[38] 17.5[38] 0.8[38]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 11.0[39] 17.3[39] 27.5[39] 20.5[39] 18.1[39] 0.8[39] 0.8[39]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 14[40] 16[40] 34[40] 21[40] 9[40] 2[40] 1[40] 2[40]
Burusho Burushaski (isolate) 97 1.0[41] 97 27.8[41] 97 0.0[41] 97 0.0[41] 97 8.2[41] 97 1.0[41] 97 0.0[41] 97 0.0[41] 97 16.5[41]
Spanish (Catalan people|Catalans) IE (Romance) 24 79.2
19/24[6] 		24 0.0[42] 32 4.2[42] 33 6.1[5] 28 3.6[5] 24 8.0[42]
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) IE (Romance) 56 42.9[29]
Chamalins Northeast Caucasian 27 0.0[16] 27 7.4[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 70.4[16] 27 18.5[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 0.0[16] 27 3.7[16]
Chechens Northeast Caucasian 330 1.8[43] 330 3.9[43] 330 0.0[43] 330 0.0[43] 330 77.6[43] 330 5.5[43] 330 0.0[43] 330 7.0[43]
Chuvashes Turkic, Oghur 79 3.8[44] 79 31.6[44] 79 11.3[44] 79 0[44] 79 0[44] 79 24.2[44] 79 0[44] 79 27.8[44] 79 0[44] 79 0[44]
Copts (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic 33 15.2[23] 33 21.2[23] 33 45.5[23]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 108 15.74
17/108[7] 		108 34.26
37/108[7] 		108 37.04
40/108[7][45] 		108 5.56
6/108[7] 		108 0.0[7] 108 1.85
2/108[7] 		108 0.93
1/108[7]
Croat (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 189 38.1
72/189[4]
Cross River (Nigeria) Cross River (NC) 1113 0[46] 1113 87[46] 1113 0[46] 1113 0[46]
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 9.0[25] 45 2.0[25] 45 27.0[25]
Czechs IE (Slavic, West) 257 34.2[47] 257 18.3[47] 257 5.8[47] 257 4.7[47] 257 5.1[47] 257 1.6[47]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 45 35.6[6] 45 26.7[6] 198 13.6[4] 45 2.2[6]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 12 31.7[37] 12 26.7[37] 194 38.7[4] 35 2.9[29]
Dargins Northeast Caucasian 68 2.9[16] 68 0.0[16] 68 94.1[16] 68 2.9[16] 68 0.0[16] 68 0.0[16] 68 0.0[16]
Dargins Northeast Caucasian 26 4.0[10] 26 0.0[10] 26 58.0[10] 26 4.0[10] 26 4.0[10] 26 4.0[10] 26 0.0[10] 26 0.0[10] 26 0.0[10]
Dolgans Turkic, Siberia 67 1.5[44] 67 16.4[44] 67 1.5[44] 67 34.3[44]
Druze (Arabs) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 28 14.3[29]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 27 70.4[6] 27 3.7[6] 30 26.7[4] 84 8.0[25] 34 0[5]
Egyptians Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, West) 370 5.94[48] 370 2.16[48] 370 0.54[48] 370 43.78[48] 370 2.43[48] 370 27.56[48] 370 5.68[48] 370 0.00[48] 370 6.22[48] 370 0.81[48]
Egyptians Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, West) 92 5.4[49] 92 0.0[49] 92 1.1[49] 92 43.5[49] 92 3.3[49] 92 22.8[49] 92 2.2[49] 92 0.0[49] 92 7.6[49] 92 0.0[49]
Egyptians (North) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, West) 43 9.3[50] 43 2.3[50] 43 0.0[50] 43 53.5[50] 44 18.2[17] 43 7.0[50] 43 2.3[50] 43 0.0[50]
Egyptians (South) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, West) 29 13.8[50] 29 0.0[50] 29 3.4[50] 29 31.0[50] 29 24.1[17] 29 17.2[50] 29 10.3[50] 29 0.0[50]
English (Central) IE (Germanic, West) 215 61.9[51] 215 3.3[51]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 207 9.0[25] 118 37.3[52] 210 18.6[4] 207 3.0[25] 207 1.0[25] 207 40.6[25]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 57 2.0[25] 57 10.5[25] 57 2.0[25] 57 63.2[25]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 38 0.0[44] 38 7.9[44] 38 28.9[44] 38 63.2[44]
French IE (Romance) 23 52.2[6] 23 0[6] 23 17.4[4] 40 8.0[25]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 56.0[53] 94 7.0[53] 94 29.0[53] 94 2.0[53] 94 6.0[53]
Frieslanders (Netherlands) IE (Germanic, West) 94 55.3[51] 94 7.4[51] 94 34.0[51] 94 2.1[51] 94 1.4[51]
Fur Nilo-Saharan (Fur) 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 59.4[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 6.3[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23]
Gagauz (Kongaz) Turkic, Oghuz 48 10.4[54] 48 12.5[54] 48 31.3[54] 48 16.7[54] 48 8.3[54] 48 10.4[54] 48 4.2[54] 48 6.3[54]
Gagauz (Etulia) Turkic, Oghuz 41 14.6[54] 41 26.8[54] 41 24.4[54] 41 9.8[54] 41 7.3[54] 41 17.1[54] 41 0.0[54] 41 0.0[54]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 3,000+ 44[55]
U106=18
L21=5
U152=9
DF27, DF19=9
others=3 		3,000+ 12[55] 3,000+ 20[55]
I1=13
I2=7 		3,000+ 5[55]
V13=5 		3,000+ 6[55]
J2=5
J1=1 		3,000+ 5[55] 3,000+ 1[55]
Germans (West) IE (German) 48 47.9[6][37] 48 8.1[6][37] 16 37.5[4] 16 6.2[6]
Germans (East) IE (German)
Germans (Berlin) IE (German) 103 23.3[56] 103 22.3[56] 103 32[56] 103 9.7[56] 103 1.3[56]
Georgians Kartvelian 63 14.3[6] 63 7.9[6] 63 0.0[6] 64 2.0[25] 63 36.5[6] 63 30.1[6] 63 1.6[6] 63 1.6[6]
Georgians Kartvelian 66 9.1[9] 66 10.6[9] 66 1.5[9] 66 3.0[9] 66 0.0[9] 66 36.4[9] 66 31.8[9] 66 0.0[9] 66 1.5[9] 66 1.5[9]
Greeks IE (Greek) 92 19.6[9] 92 16.3[9] 92 9.8[9] 92 21.8[9] 92 22.9[9] 92 3.3[9] 92 4.3[9] 92 1.1[9]
Greeks IE (Greek) 77 11.7
9/77[41] 		77 15.6
12/77[41] 		77 19.5
15/77[41] 		77 20.8
16/77[41] 		77 77 16.9
13/77[41] 		77 9.1
7/77[41] 		77 0.0[41] 77 0.0[41] 77 6.49
others
5/77
Greeks IE (Greek) 118 22.8[6][37] 118 8.3[6][37] 261 13.8[4] 84 23.8[5] 92 6.5[5]
Greeks IE (Greek) 171 13.5
23/171[57] 		171 11.1
19/171 		171 15.8
27/171 		171 31.6
54/171 		171 19.9
34/171 		171 4.7
8/171 		171 1.8
3/171
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 193 17.0
33/193[57] 		193 8.8
17/193 		193 13.0
25/193 		193 8.8
17/193 		193 38.9
75/193 		193 10.9
21/193 		193 2.1
4/193
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 171+
193=
364		 15.38
56/364[57] 		364 9.89
36/364 		364 14.29
52/364 		364 19.51
71/364 		364 29.95
109/364 		364 7.97
29/364 		364 1.92
7/364
Greeks (Peloponnese) IE (Greek) 36 47.44
17/36[5] 		36 13.89
5/36[5]
Greeks (Thrace) IE (Greek) 41 12.2[8] 41 22.0[8] 41 19.5[8] 41 19.5[8] 41 0.0[8] 41 19.5[8] 41 4.9[8]
Greeks (North) IE (Greek) 96 14.6=[50]
14/96 		96 18.8[50]
18/96 		96 12.5[50]
12/96 		96 35.4[50]
34/96 		96 5.2[50]
5/96 		96 2.1[50]
2/96 		96 1.0[50]
1/96
Greeks (South) IE (Greek) 46 19.6[50]
9/46 		46 2.2[50]
1/46 		46 23.9[50]
11/46 		46 43.5[50]
20/46 		46 6.5[50]
3/46 		46 2.2[50]
1/46 		46 0.0[50]
Greeks (North) + (South) IE (Greek) 96+
46=
142		 16.2[50]
23/142 		96+
46=
142		 13.4[50]
19/142 		96+
46=
142		 16.2[50]
23/142 		96+
46=
142		 38[50]
54/142 		96+
46=
142		 5.6[50]
8/142 		96+
46=
142		 2.1[50]
3/142 		96+
46=
142		 0.7[50]
1/142
Hausa (Sudan) Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) 32 40.6[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 3.1[23] 32 12.5[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23]
Herzegovinians (Mostar, Široki Brijeg) IE (Slavic, South) 141 3.55
5/141[7] 		141 12.06
17/141[7] 		141 63.83
90/141[7] 		141 8.51
12/141[7] 		141 1.42
2/141[7]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 45 18[6] 113 30[44] 162 17[4] 53 8[5] 49 9[5] 103 3[58] 103 1.0
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North) 181 41.44
75/181[37] 		181 23.76
43/181[37] 		181 34.25
62/181[37]
Ingush Northeast Caucasian 143 0.0[43] 143 3.5[43] 143 0.7[43] 143 0.0[43] 143 91.6[43] 143 1.4[43] 143 2.8[43]
Iranians (North Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 33 15.2[59] 33 6.1[59] 33 0.0[59] 33 0.0[59] 33 0.0[59] 33 33.3[59] 33 15.2[59] 33 6.1[59] 33 0.0[59] 33 3.0[59]
Iranians (South Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 117 6.0[59] 117 16.2[59] 117 0.0[59] 117 5.1[59] 117 1.7[59] 117 35.0[59] 117 12.8[59] 117 0.9[59] 117 3.4[59] 117 6.0[59]
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 81.53
181/222[37] 		222 0.45[37] 222 14.86
33/222[37] 		257 2.25[25]
Italians IE (Romance) 50 62.0
31/50[42] 		332 2.7[37] 50 8.0[42] 99 13.0[25] 50 10.0[42]
Italians (Calabria) IE (Romance) 37 32.4[6] 148 5.4[4] 80 16.3[7] 57 1.8[5]
Italians (Apulia) IE (Romance) 78 2.6[4] 86 13.9[5] 86 31.4[5]
Italians (North-central) IE (Romance) 50 62.0[6] 390 0.5[4] 212 10.4[7] 52 26.9[5]
Italians (South) IE (Romance) 68 20.0[50] 68 3.0[50] 68 6.0[50] 68 26.0[50] 68 15.0[50] 68 3.0[50] 68 0.0[50]
Italians (Sicily) IE (Romance) 51 8.8 55 27.3[5] 42 23.8[5]
Italians (East Sicily) IE (Romance) 87 20.0[50] 87 2.3[50] 87 5.0[50] 87 29.0[50] 87 5.0[50] 87 5.0[50] 87 0.0[50]
Italians (West Sicily) IE (Romance) 125 27.0[50] 125 2.4[50] 125 11.0[50] 125 19.0[50] 125 13.0[50] 125 3.0[50] 125 0.0[50]
Iyengar Dravidian (Southern) 30 0.0[14] 30 30.0[14] 30 0.0[14] 30 0.0[14] 30 0.0[14] 30 20.0[14] 30 13.3[14] 30 0.0[14] 30 0.0[14] 30 16.7[14]
Iyer Dravidian (Southern) 29 0.0[14] 29 27.6[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 17.2[14] 29 10.3[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 17.2[14]
Japan Japanese 2390 2390 1.3[60]
Kabardinian Northwest Caucasian 29.0[10]
Kalash (Pakistan) IE (Dardic) 44 18.2[41] 44 0.0[41] 44 0.0[41] 44 9.1[41] 44 18.2[41] 44 0.0[41] 44 0.0[41] 44 25.0[41]
Karakalpaks Turkic, Kipchak 44 9.1[61] 44 18.2[61] 44 0.0[61] 44 0.0[61] 44 4.5[61]
Kazakhs (more) Turkic 1982 6[62] 1982 7[62] 1982 1[62] 1982 8 1982 7[62]
Kazakhs (more) Turkic, Kipchak 54 5.6[61] 54 3.7[61] 54 0.0[61] 54 0.0[61] 38 0.0 54 1.9[61] 54 0.0[61]
Khants Uralic (Ugric) 47 19.15
9/47[44] 		47 4.25
2/47[44] 		47 0.0[44] 47 76.6
36/47[44]
Komi Uralic (Finnic) 94 16.0[44] 94 33.0 94 5.3 94 35.1
Komi (Izhemsky) Uralic (Finnic) 54 0.0[63] 54 29.63
16/54[63] 		54 1.9[63] 54 0.0[63] 54 0.0[63] 54 0.0[63] 54 0.0[63] 54 68.52
37/54[63] 		54 0.0[63] 54 0.0[63]
Komi (Priluzsky) Uralic (Finnic) 49 2.0[63] 49 32.65
16/49[63] 		49 4.1[63] 49 0.0[63] 49 0.0[63] 49 0.0[63] 49 0.0[63] 49 61.22
30/49[63] 		49 0.0[63] 49 0.0[63]
Kumyks Turkic, Kipchak 76 19.7[16] 76 13.2[16] 76 0.0[16] 76 2.6[16] 76 46.1[16] 76 11.8[16] 76 0.0[16] 76 1.3[16] 76 0.0[16]
Kurds (Northern Iraq) IE (Iranian, NW) 95 16.8[19] 95 11.6[19] 95 16.8[19] 95 7.4[19] 95 40.0[19] 95 4.2[19] 95 3.2[19]
Kyrgyz Turkic, Kipchak 52 1.9[61] 52 42[61] 52 1.9[61] 52 0.0[61] 41 4.9 41 2.4 52 0.0[61]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 34 15.0[25] 114 39.5[25] 86 7.0[4] 114 0.9[52] 114 42.1[52]
Lebanese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 1,116 7.6[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 2.1[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 3.5[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 16.75[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 1[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 50[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 6.9[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 0.1[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 4.7[50] & Haber2011[64] 1,116 5.2[50] & Haber2011[64]
Lebanese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 914 8.1[65] 914 2.5[50] 914 4.8[50] 914 16.2[50] 914 0.7[50] 914 46.1[50] 914 6.6[50] 914 0.1[50] 914 4.7[50] 914 5.2[50]
Lezgins Northeast Caucasian 31 16.1[16] 31 0.0[16] 31 9.7[16] 31 6.5[16] 31 58.1[16] 31 9.7[16] 31 0.0[16] 31 0.0[16] 31 0.0[16]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 38 5.0[25] 114 36.0[52] 114 0.9[52] 114 43.0[52]
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 79 5.1[7] 79 15.2[7] 79 34.2[7] 79 24.1[7] 79 12.7[6][7][5] 79 5.1[7]
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 52 13.5[8] 52 13.5[8] 52 28.8[8] 52 23.1[8] 52 11.5[8] 52 3.8[8]
Macedonian Romani (Skopje) IE (Indo-Aryan) 57 1.8[7] 57 1.8[7] 57 3.5[7] 57 29.8[7] 57 1.8[7]
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 187 22.0[50] 187 5.0[50] 187 9.0[50] 187 6.0[50] 187 9.0[50] 187 0.0[50] 187 0.0[50]
Maratha IE (Indo-Aryan) 20 0.0[14] 20 10.0[14] 20 0.0[14] 20 0.0[14] 20 15.0[14] 20 15.0[14]
Melanesia Oceanic, Papuan 1272
Moldovans (Karahasani) IE (Romance) 72 16.7[54] 72 34.7[54] 72 25.0[54] 72 12.5[54] 72 9.7[54] 72 0.0[54] 72 1.4[54] 72 0.0[54]
Moldovans (Sofia) IE (Romance) 54 16.7[54] 54 20.4[54] 54 35.2[54] 54 13.0[54] 54 5.6[54] 54 1.9[54] 54 3.7[54] 54 1.9[54]
Erzya Uralic (Finnic) 46 39.1[66]
Moksha Uralic (Finnic) 46 21.7[66]
Moksha Uralic (Finnic) 83 13.3[44] 83 26.5 83 19.3 83 19.3
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 111 2.7[44] 111 47.7 111 8.1 111 41.4
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 48 10.4[25] 48 29.2 48 0.0 48 6.3 48 50.0
Masalit Nilo-Saharan (Maban) 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 71.9
23/32[23] 		32 0.0[23] 32 6.3[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23] 32 0.0[23]
Moroccans Afro-Asiatic (Berber) 760 4.4[67] 760 0[67] 760 0.1[67] 760 78.9[67] 760 5.9[67] 760 7.6[67] 760 0.6[67]
Native North Americans 530 6.25[68] 530 6.25[68]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 112 25.9[37] 112 17.9[37] 72 40.3[4]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 52 30.8[25] 52 1.9[25] 52 1.9[25] 52 3.8[25] 52 0.0[25] 52 0.0[25]
Nubians (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic) 39 10.3[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 5.1[23] 39 23.1[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 43.6[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 0.0[23] 39 0.0[23]
Orcadians IE (Celtic/Germanic) 71 66.2
47/71[53] 		71 19.72
14/71[53]
Oromo Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 78 0.0[15] 78 0.0[15] 78 0.0[15] 78 79.5
62/78[15] 		78 3.8[15] 78 0.0[15] 78 0.0[15] 78 5.1[15] 78 0.0[15]
Ossetians IE (Iranian, NE) 47 42.6[25] 47 2.1[25] 47 6.0[25] 47 34.0[25] 60.0[69]
Pallan Dravidian (Southern) 29 3.4[14] 29 24.1[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 13.8[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 17.2[14]
Pashtuns IE (Iranian, SE) 96 4.2[41] 96 44.8[41] 96 0.0[41] 96 2.1[41] 96 6.3[41] 96 11.5[41] 96 0.0[41] 96 1.0[41] 96 12.5[41]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 55 16.4[6] 55 56.4[6] 191 17.8[4] 99 4.0[5] 97 1.0[5]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 93 13.4[44] 93 55.9[44] 93 16.1[44] 93 3.2[44]
Portuguese IE (Romance) 303 5.3[4]
Portuguese (South) IE (Romance) 57 56.0[25] 57 2.0[25] 57 17.0[25]
Portuguese (North) IE (Romance) 328 62.0[25] 328 0[25] 328 11.0[25]
Rajputs IE (Indo-Aryan) 29 0.0[14] 29 31.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 0.0[14] 29 17.2[14] 29 6.9[14]
Romani (Gypsy) IE (Indo-Aryan) 60[7]
Romanians IE (Romance) 54 13.0[54] 54 20.4[54] 54 48.1[54] 54 7.4[54] 54 5.6[54] 54 5.6[54] 54 0.0[54] 54 0.0[54]
Romanians IE (Romance) 361 22.2[4]
Romanians (Constanța) IE (Romance) 31 16.1[8] 31 9.7[8] 31 41.9[8] 31 9.7[8] 31 0.0[8] 31 6.5[8] 31 12.9[8] 31 0.0[8] 31 0.0[8] 31 0.0[8]
Romanians (Ploiești) IE (Romance) 36 8.3[8] 36 5.6[8] 36 38.9[8] 36 16.7[8] 36 0.0[8] 36 19.4[8] 36 8.3[8] 36 0.0[8] 36 0.0[8] 36 0.0[8]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 122 6.6[25] 122 46.7[25] 122 6.6[25] 122 4.1[25] 122 18.0[25]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 414 6.8[70] 414 48.3[70] 414 15.9[70] 414 4.8[70] 414 0.0[70] 414 1.4[70] 414 1.2[70] 414 14.0[70]
Russians (Northern)(Arkhangelsk region) IE (Slavic, East) 114 14.0[71] 114 40.0[71] 114 5.3[71] 114 0.0[71] 114 0.0[71] 114 0.9[71] 114 1.3[71] 114 39.3[71] 114 114
Russians (Central) IE (Slavic, East) 364 7.7[71] 364 47.0[71] 364 16.5[71] 364 5.0[71] 364 0.0[71] 364 3.3[71] 364 0.0[71] 364 16.0[71] 364
Russians (Southerns) IE (Slavic, East) 484 4.8[71] 484 56.9[71] 484 21.0[71] 484 1.8[71] 484 0.0[71] 484 3.5[71] 484 1.0[71] 484 10.0[71]
Russians

(Oryol region)

IE (Slavic, East) 110 3.6[71] 110 62.7[71] 110 22.7[71] 110 0.9[71] 110 0.0[71] 110 0.9[71] 110 0.0[71] 110 5.4[71]
Russians

(Voronezh region)

IE (Slavic, East) 96 5.2[71] 96 59.4[71] 96 20.8[71] 96 1.0[71] 96 0.0[71] 96 3.1[71] 96 2.1[71] 96 6.3[71]
Russians

(Tver region)

IE (Slavic, East) 73 6.8[71] 73 56.2[71] 73 15.0[71] 73 4.1[71] 73 0.0[71] 73 4.1[71] 73 0.0[71] 73 11.0[71]
Russians (Kuban Cossacks) IE (Slavic, East) 90 8.8[71] 90 47.3[71] 90 24.2[71] 90 3.3[71] 90 0.0[71] 90 4.4[71] 90 1.1[71] 90 7.7[71]
Russians (Novgorod region) IE (Slavic, East) 38 8.1[70] 38 54.1[70] 38 10.8[70]
Sami (Sweden) Uralic (Finnic) 38 7.9[72] 38 15.79
6/38[72] 		38 31.58
12/38[72] 		38 0.0[72] 38 0.0[72] 38 0.0[72] 38 0.0[72] 38 44.74
17/38[72] 		38 0.0[72] 38 0.0[72]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 127 3.9[44] 127 11.0[44] 35 31.4[4] 14[73] 127 47.2
60/127[44]
Saharawis (Western Sahara) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 29 79.31
23/29[5] 		29 3.4[5] 29 17.2[5]
Sardinians (Italy) IE (Romance) 77 22.1[6] 142 42.3[4] 139 5.0[5] 144 12.5[5]
Sardinians (Northern Sardinia) IE (Romance) 86 20.0[50] 86 0.0[50] 86 28.0[50] 86 13.0[50] 86 21.0[50] 86 0.0[50] 86 0.0[50]
Sardinians (Southern Sardinia) IE (Romance) 187 19.0[50] 187 1.0[50] 187 35.0[50] 187 11.0[50] 187 14.0[50] 187 0.0[50] 187 0.0[50]
Scots IE (Celtic) 61 77.05
47/61[37] 		61 6.6[37] 178 11.2[4]
Serbs (Serbia) IE (Slavic, South) 113 10.6[7] 113 15.9[7] 113 36.28
41/113[7] 		113 21.2[7] 113 8[7]
Serbs (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 81 6.2[9] 81 13.6[9] 81 40.74
33/81[9] 		81 22.22
8/81[9] 		81 0.0[9] 81 9.9[9] 81 1.2[9] 81 6.2[9] 81 0.0[9] 81 0.0[9]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South) 75 21.33
16/75[9] 		75 38.67
29/75[9] 		75 30.67
23/75[9] 		75 2.7[9] 75 0.0[9] 75 4.0[9] 75 2.7[9] 75 0.0[9] 75 0.0[9] 75 0.0[9]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 70 37.1
26/70[25] 		70 7.1[25] 70 5.7[25] 70 0.0[25] 70 0.0[25] 70 0.0[25]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 55 38.2
21/55[4]
Dir and Isaaq Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) 201 0.0[74] 201 1.0[74] 201 0.0[74] 201 77.6
156/201[74] 		201 1.5[74] 201 3.0[74] 201 0.5[74] 201 0.0[74] 201 10.4[74] 201 0.0[74]
Spanish IE (Romance) 126 68.0[25] 126 2.0[25] 126 10.0[25]
Spanish (Ibiza) IE (Romance) 54 57.4
31/54[50] 		54 0.0[50] 54 1.9[50] 54 7.4[50] 54 13.0[50] 54 16.7[50] 54 0.0[50]
Spanish (Majorca) IE (Romance) 62 66.13
41/62[50] 		62 0.0[50] 62 8.1[50] 62 6.2[50] 62 6.2[50] 62 1.6[50] 62 0.0[50]
Spanish (Menorca) IE (Romance) 37 73.0
27/37[50] 		37 2.7[50] 37 2.7[50] 37 18.9[50] 37 0.0[50] 37 0.0[50] 37 0.0[50]
Spanish (South) IE (Romance) 162 65.0[50] 162 2.0[50] 162 6.0[50] 162 9.0[50] 162 4.0[50] 162 0.0[50] 162 0.0[50]
Spanish (Valencia) IE (Romance) 73 64.0[50] 73 3.0[50] 73 10.0[50] 73 11.0[50] 73 1.0[50] 73 1.0[50] 73 0.0[50]
Swedes (Northern) IE (Germanic, North) 48 22.9[25] 48 18.8[25] 57 26.3[4] 48 2.1[25] 48 2.1[25] 48 8.3[25]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 110 20.0[37] 110 17.3[37] 225 40[4]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 160 13.1[75] 160 24.4[75] 160 37.5[75] 160 1.3[75] 160 0.0[75] 160 14.4[75]
Swiss IE (German/Romance) 144 7.6[4]
Tabassarans Northeast Caucasian 43 39.5[16] 43 2.3[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 51.2[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16] 43 0.0[16]
Tamil Nadu (India) Dravidian 1680 1680 8.2[76] 1680 0.15[76] 1680 0.15[76] 1680 2.1[76] 1680 3.1[76] 1680 2.0[76] 1680 23.6[76]
Tatars Turkic, Kipchak 126 8.7[44] 126 34.1[44] 126 4.0 126 23.0
Turkmens Turkic, Oghuz 30 36.7[61] 30 6.7[61] 30 0.0[61] 30 0.0[61] 21 23.8 21 9.5 30 0.0[61]
Turks Turkic, Oghuz 523 16.1[77] 523 6.9[77] 741 5.1[4] 523 11.3[77] 523 33.5[77] 523 10.9[77] 523 3.8[77] 523 2.5[77] 523 4.2[77]
Turks Turkic, Oghuz 167 20.4[25] 167 4.8[25] 167 10.2[25] 167 32.9[25] 167 2.4[25]
Turks Turkic, Oghuz 59 20.3[74] 59 11.9[74] 59 6.8[74] 59 13.6[74] 59 30.5[74] 59 8.5[74] 59 1.7[74] 59 0.0[74]
Turks (Central Anatolia) Turkic, Oghuz 61 6.6[7]
Turks (Istanbul) Turkic, Oghuz 46 13.0[5] 73 24.7[5]
Turks (Konya) Turkic, Oghuz 117 14.5[5] 129 31.8[5]
Turks (Cypriot) Turkic, Oghuz 46 13.0[29]
Turks (Southeastern) Turkic, Oghuz 24 4.2[29]
Turks (Erzurum) Turkic, Oghuz 25 4.0[29]
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic) 87 2.3[44] 87 10.3[44] 87 1.1[44] 87 85.1[44]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 50 2.0[6] 50 54.0[6] 50 18.0[6] 50 4.0[6] 50 6.0[6] 50 4.0[6] 50 6.0[6] 50 2.0[6] 50 0.0[6]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 53 18.9[54] 53 41.5[54] 53 24.5[54] 93 7.5[7] 53 9.4[54] 53 0.0[54] 53 5.7[54] 53 0.0[54]
Uyghurs (Kazakhstan) Turkic, Karluk 41 0.0[61] 41 22.0[61] 41 2.4[61] 41 0.0[61] 41 0.0[61] 33 27.3[78] 41 2.4[61] 41 0.0[61] 41 2.4[61]
Uyghurs (Xinjiang) Turkic, Karluk 68 17.6[79] 68 22.1[79] 68 0.0[79] 68 0.0[79] 68 0.0[79] 68 10.3[79] 68 4.4[79] 67 6.0[80] 67 0.0[80] 68 4.4[79]
Uyghurs (Ürümqi) Turkic, Karluk 49 8.2[81] 49 28.6[81] 49 0.0[81] 49 0.0[81] 49 18.4[81]
Uyghurs (Northwest China) Turkic, Karluk 50 16.0[82] 50 34.0[82] 50 2.0[82]
Uyghurs (Ürümqi) Turkic, Karluk 31 19.4[83] 31 22.6[83] 31 6.5[83] 31 25.8[83] 31 9.7[83] 31 0.0[83] 31 0.0[83]
Uyghurs (Yili) Turkic, Karluk 39 15.4[83] 39 15.4[83] 39 0.0[83] 39 0.0[83] 39 7.7[83]
Uzbeks Turkic, Karluk 366 9.8[61] 366 25.1[61] 366 2.2[61] 366 2.5[61] 28 21.4[78] 28 0.0[78] 366 3.0[61]
Vanniyar Dravidian (Southern) 25 0.0[14] 25 8.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 0.0[14] 25 16.0[14] 25 20.0[14]
Vellalar Dravidian (Southern) 31 0.0[14] 31 12.9[14] 31 0.0[14] 31 0.0[14] 31 0.0[14] 31 38.7[14] 31 0.0[14] 31 0.0[14] 31 0.0[14] 31 16.1[14]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 88 89.0
78/88[53] 		88 1.0[53] 196 8.1[4] 88 3.0[53]
Yagnobis IE (Iranian, NE) 31 32.3
10/31[61] 		31 16.1
5/31[61] 		31 0.0[61] 31 0.0[61] 31 32.3
10/31[61] 		31 0.0[61] 31 9.7
3/31[61]
Yakuts Turkic, Siberia 155 1.9[44] 155 1.9[44] 155 1.3[44] 155 88.4
137/155[44]
Yakuts Turkic, Siberia 10 80.0
8/10[12]
Population Language family[1] n[2] R1b[3] n R1a n I n E1b1b n E1b1a n J n G n N n T n L n H

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b IE=Indo-European
  2. ^ a b First column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied
  3. ^ a b Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size
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